Science and Common Sense

People often do inquire to answer specific question are poor people lazy? Or are Chinese
Filipinos better in math than average Filipino? will it train tomorrow? To answer this question
many people, turn to common sense, yet common sense considered to be the bedrock of
scientific one need, scientific has to learn the culture of science (Chalmers 1997, p27 one I most
learn how to observe a microbiologist looking at the lest the scientific method debunk
commonsense in science there is more to “seeing” than meets than eye for distance. Many
people believed n spiritual cause of disease. Another famous example is the claim of the
medical theologians that the center of the solar system is the earth which is known as the
geocentric or Ptolemaic theory (named after the famous Alexanderian astronomers Claudius
Ptolemy (c, ao go-C 168) later Galelio Galiles and other astronomers show the falsity of this
theory.

American psychiatric Association’s board if trusties removed home sexuality from its official
diagnostic manual (Rosario 2002 p 174)

The Emancipatory Potential of the Social Science

Based on the preceding section by using scientific method the social science can contribute
greatly to the elimination of the prejudices against certain groups of people such as racism
sexism and cultural ethnocentrism

The Open System of the Social Science

Open system that applies the society politics culture and the world open system. Unlike the
close system of the natural world such a laboratory or aquarium. Cannot be totally controlled
(Bhaskar- 1979) the variables that affect the system of society are enormous, compared the
aquarium model. The diversity of culture and social structures that define human meanings,
make it challenging for social scientists to study culture society and politics. Human being are
endowed with free will and decisions making unlike atoms and insects

Two Basic Methods in the Social Science

 to find out about social phenomena and events, social scientist often employ the methods
of social research, social research refers to the methods and techniques that go into the
investigation of social phenomena in order to understand and interpret the occurrence of
such phenomena, there are two types of methods that employed by social scientists first is
the:
 Quantitative Methods

According to Jeanette Garwood (2006) the quantitative method refers to research that involves
the collecting the data in numerical data can be duration, scores counts of incident, rating or
scales. Quantitative data can be collected in either controlled or naturalistic environment. The
defining factor is that numbers results from the process whether the initial data produced
numerical values or non-numerical values were converted to number Quantitative research
allows the researcher to familiarize herself studied and making hypothesis to be tested,
Quantitative methods is the most popular method used in social investigation, also quantitative
method is very useful in prenticing and describing the typograph and demographic of a given
population but can also to establish the strength in independent and dependent variables. the
weakness of quantitative method is by looking the aggregate data and quantitative research,
cannot capture the riches of data of meaning and exceptionality of certain cases.

Quantitative research

According to Maggie Sumner (2006), quantitative research method refers to research that
investigation aspects of social life quantitative research is to focus on the meaning and interpret
action of social phenomena and social processes in which they occur:

The goals of quantitative research are to understand processes experiences and images people
assign to this and there are variety of methods under quantitative research that other form if
humanistic techniques. Its primary purpose is to understand the meaning attached by the actors
from what they were doing thus subject matter of most is how people construct their
understanding to social world and how they make sense of our daily life.

Ethics and Politics of Science Research

In the past, social scientists have debated among themselves and even outside their disciplines
the question of political nature doing research. Positivism advocate for the mainstreaming of
social science according to the method and rigor of the “hard” sciences. Many traditional social
scientists and researches believed in the objectivity and neutrality of social science research.
They believed that social research should not criticize existing social belief and practices: instead
it should only focus on describing accurately what is happening in the word. Social scientists
who belong to this tradition strongly advocated the use of quantitative method. Their main goal
is to establish the relationship among different variables.
Violence, Consumerism and Mass Media

Most people that the mass media especially television has a pervasive effect on society,
especially on children, today it is not an exaggeration to say that younger generation are shaped
more by the mass media more than their genes, this is especially true when one considers the
pervasive presence of internet mediated technology in the lives of young people in effects
people have often blamed the mass media for shipping the violet behavior of children, violent
are also commonly associated with watching movies an television.

Several of the most commonly mentioned intended media effects

A. the affects of advertising in purchasing

B. the effects of political campaigns on voting
C. the effects of public service announcements (PSAS) on personal behavior and social
improvement
D. the effect of prop agenda on ideology
E. the effects of media ritual on special control, these effects work together to shape the
behavior and thinking of people