LESSON 10 (Functions)

At the end of the lesson, the students
are expected to:
1. Identify examples and non-

examples of functions;
2. Identify domain and range of
constant, quadratic, absolute
value, and square root functions
(simple knowledge or algorithmic
skill depending upon the specific
function);
3. Utilize the vertical line test to
verify if a relation is a function;
and
4. Represent functions using tables,
graphs, manipulatives, verbal or
algebraic rules (algorithmic skill &
inductive reasoning).
Functions
EXPOSE
FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONS
In mathematics, the concept of a function is very important and useful. It appears in

almost every branch of the subject. Whenever the elements of two sets can be paired
according to a pattern, these two sets have a relation. Thus, there are relations between
persons, between things and others. .
RELATION
The notation of relation is useful in describing many situations in life. For example,
there is a relation between the living expenses and the number of children in the family or
between the cost of commodities and the demand for those commodities.
Each relation is a pairing or association of some kind between objects or quantities.
Consider the set {1,2,3} and the relation greater than. This gives rise to the following
ordered pairs, in which the first member is greater than the second member. (2, 1);
(3,1);(3,2). If the relation is equal to, meaning the first member is equal to the second
member, we have (1,1);(2,2);(3,3).
Since the relations and ordered pairs are closely associated, we define a relation to
be a set of ordered pairs. And the set of all the first members/coordinates of the ordered
pairs is called the domain of the relation and the set of all second members/coordinates is
called the range of the relation.
Example :
Find the domain and range of each relation:
a. (1, -1), (2, -2), (3, -3), (4, -4)
Answer: Domain = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Range = {-1, -2, -3, -4}
b. (0,0), (1,1), (1, -1), (4,2), (4,-4)
Answer: Domain = { 0,1,4}
Range = {-1, -4, 0, 1, 2}
Math for Grade 11 with Filipino Legacy Integration Page 107

Functions
c. (2,2), (4,2), (6,2), (8,2), (10,2)

Answer: Domain = {2,4,6,8,10}
Range = {2}
Aside from using the set of ordered pairs to represent relation, a second method of
representing relation is by means of a table. Consider the table below which gives the
relation between a number and its square.
n -2 -1 0 1 2
n2 4 1 0 1 4
Domain = {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2} ; Range = {0,1,4}
The third method is by means of an equation in two variables. The relations which
specifies the square of a number can be written as {(x, y)/y = x2}.
Domain = all real numbers ; Range = all positive real numbers
Relations can be represented pictorially either by arrow diagrams or graphs. This is

the fourth method of representing relations. For instance the relation {(-2,4), (-1,1), (0,0),
(1,1),(2,4)} is represented by:
-2
-1 0
0 1
1 4
2
Consider the following arrow diagrams.

-2 2 -2
-1 1 -1 0
0 0 0 1
1 -1 1 4
2 -2 2
(1) (2)

Functions
3 8
5 4 9
5 2 10
6 3 11
6 7 4 12
8 15
16
(3) (4)
In figure (1), each element of the first set is paired with one and only one element in
the second set. There is one-to-one relation between the two sets.
In figure (2), more than one element in the first set are associated with only one
element of the second set. There is a many-to-one relation between the two sets.
In figure (3), each element in the first set is matched with more than one element in
the second set. The relation is one-to-many.
In figure (4), more than one element of the first set is paired with more than one
element of the second set. There is a many-to-many relation.
The use of the arrow diagrams makes it easy to determine whether a relation is one-
to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, many-to-many.

Functions
Try this!
A. Tell whether the following represent one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one or

many-to-many relation.
1. 3 4. 2
4 12 4
5 2 6
6 15 8
10
2. √17 5 5. -3
√10 4 3 9
√5 3 -4 16
√2 2 4
1
3. 1 10
2 20
3 30
4 40
B. Find the domain and range of the following relations.
1. {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)} 6. y = x – 2
2. {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5)} 7. y = x3
3. {(5,5), (5,10), (5,15), (5,20), 8. y = √x

(5,25)}
9. y =
4. {0,0), (1,3), (2,6), (3,9), (4,12)}
10. y =
5. {(-2,0), (-1,1), (0, -2), (1,3), (2,4)}

Functions
RELATIONS THAT ARE FUNCTIONS
The word function denotes a certain specific type of correspondence or association

between the elements of two sets. A function is a set of ordered pairs such that no two
distinct pairs have the same first coordinates.
A relation in which no two pairs in a set of ordered pairs have the same first
element is a function.
Characteristics of a Function from Set A to Set B
1. Each element in A must be matched with an element in B.
2. Some elements in B may not be matched with any element in A.
3. Two or more elements in A may be matched with the same element in B.
4. An element in A cannot be matched with two different elements in B.
1 -1
2 -2
3 -3
Each member of the first set is in one-to-one correspondence with each member of
the second set. This relation is a function.
2 -2
3 2
4 3
4
The number 2 is being paired with two elements in the second set, thus this relation
is not a function.
1
2 5
3
Three numbers are being paired with only one element in the second set. This
relation is a function.

Functions
Notice that all functions are relations but not all relations are functions. Only
relations that are in one-to-one and many-to-one correspondence are functions.
To determine whether the graph of a relation is a function, use the vertical line test.
If each vertical line intersects the graph of a relation in no more than one point, then the
relation is a function.
Each graph above defines a function because the vertical line intersects the graph in
exactly one point.
Each of the graphs above is not a function since the vertical line intersects the graph
in more than one point.
These graphs are functions since the vertical line intersects the graphs in one point.

Functions
Try this!
A. Tell whether the following defines a function or not a function.
1. 1 2. 9
2 5 10 11
3 13
7 15
8 10 20 17
9 19
3. 0 1 4. 1
2 3 2 4
4 5 -3 5
6 7
8 9
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.

Functions
Try this! (Continuation)
B. Given the following set of ordered pairs, state the domain and range of each relation
and indicate whether it is a function or not.
1. {(0,1), (5,1), (-5, -1)}
2. {(-3, 3), (-2,3), (-1,3), (0,3)}
3. {(2,5), (2,10), (2,15), (2,20)}
4. {(0,1), (1,0), (-1,0), (0, -1)}
5. {(-2,-2), (-1,-1), (0,0), (1,1), (2,2)}
6. Which of the following examples are functions?
a. The rule that assigns to every student his school.
b. The rule that assigns to every school its students.
c. The rule assigning a polygon to its number of sides.
d. The rule that assigns to every mother her children.
e. The rule that assigns to every wife her husband.
Functional Notation
When an equation is used to represent a function, it is convenient to name the

function so that it can be referenced easily.
In the equation y = 3x – 2, the variable y is expressed in terms of x or y is a

function of x.
In functional notation form, “y is a function of x” can be written as “y = f(x)”. The

f(x) can be read as f of x or the value of f at x.
So y = 3x – 2, written in functional notation is f(x) = 3x – 2.
Letters can be used other than f(x), as in g(x), h(x) and so on.
To evaluate functional notation, let us use f(x) = 3x – 2. The value of f(x) at x = 1

means f(1) = 3(1) – 2 = 1.

Functions
Examples:
1. f(x) = 2x + 5 2.In g(x) = x2 – 1, evaluate g(0), g(1), g(x+1).
f(0) = 2(0) + 5 = 5 g(0) = 02 – 1 = 1
f(2) = 2(2) + 5 = 9 g(1) = 12 – 1 = 0
f(-2) = 2(-2) + 5 = 1 g(x+1) = (x +1)2 – 1
= x2 + 2x + 1 -1
= x2 + 2x
Try this!
A. Find the value of the following function if x = 0.
1. f (x) = 3x 6. h(x) = 3x2 + x – 11
2. f(x) = -2x +4 7. f(x) = x2 – 2x +7
3. g(x) = x – 5 8. f(x) (x+3) (x-3)
4. g(x) = 10 – 3x 9. h(x) = (x + 3)2
5. h(x) = 15 + 4x 10. h(x) = (x-2) (x+8)
B. Evaluate the following:
1. f(x) = 3x – 2
a. f(1) d. f(3) g. f(a) j. f(-3x)
b. f(-1) e. f(-2) h. f(x+1)
c. f(0) f. f(6) i. f(2x)
2. g(x) = x2 – 2x + 3
a. g(0) d. g(5) g. g(-2) j. g(3b)
b. g(3) e. g(2) h. g(a)
c. g(-3) f.g(-1) i. g(a+1)
WRAP – UP
A relation is a set of ordered pairs, all the values of the abscissas form the domain
and all the values of the ordinates form the range.
The different kinds of relations are: a.) one-to-one b.) one-to-many c.) many-to-one
d.) many-to-many.
A function is a special kind of relation in which each member of the domain is
paired with exactly one element of the range.

Functions
EXPERIENCE
Name: _________________________________________ Date: _________________
Section: ___________ Professor: _____________________ Score: _____________
Functions and Relations
Evaluate the function at each specified value of the independent variable and simplify.
1. f(x) = 2x – 3 (a) f(1) (b) f(-3) (c) f(x – 1)
7
2. g(y) = 7 – 3y (a) g(0) (b) g(3) (c) g(s+2)
4 3
3. V(r) = 3 𝜋𝑟 3 (a) V(3) (b) V(2) (c) V(2r)
4. h(t) = t2 – 2t (a) h(2) (b) h(1.5) (c) h(x + 2)
5. f(y) = 3 - √𝑦 (a) f)(4) (b) f(0.25) (c) f(4x2)
6. f(x) = √𝑥 + 8 + 2 (a) f (-8) (b) f(1) (c) f (x- 8)
1
7. q(x) = x2−9 (a) q(0) (b) q(3) (c) q(y + 3)
2𝑡 2 +3
8. q(t) = (a) q(2) (b) q(0) (c) q(-x)
t2
|𝑥|
9. f(x) = (a) f(2) (b) f(-2) (c) f(x-1)
𝑥
10. f(x) = |𝑥| + 4 (a) f(2) (b) f(-2) (c) f(x2)

Functions
ENRICHMENT
Name: _________________________________________ Date: _________________
Functions and Relations
A. Evaluate the function at each specified value of the independent variable and simplify.
2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 < 0
1. f(x) = {
2𝑥 + 2, 𝑥 > 0
(a) f(-1)
(b) f(0)
(c) f(2)
𝑥 2 + 2, x < 1
2. f(x) = {
2𝑥 2 + 2, 𝑥 > 1
(a) f(-2)
(b) f(1)
(c) f(2)
3𝑥 − 1 , 𝑥 < −1
3. f(x) = {4, − 1 < 𝑥 < 1
𝑥2, x>1
(a) f (-2)
(b) f(-1/2)
(c) f(3)
4 − 5𝑥, 𝑥 > −2
4. f(x) = { 0, − 2 < 𝑥 < 2
𝑥 2 + 1, x>2
(a) f (-3)
(b) f(4)
(c) f(-1)

Functions
GRAPHING FUNCTIONS
The most important method of visualizing a function is through its graph.
The graph of a function is the collection of ordered pairs (x, f(x)) such that x is the
domain of f.
Remember that x = the directed distance from the y – axis and y = f(x) – the
directed distance from the x – axis. In other words, the graph of f is the set of all points (x,
y) such that y = f(x); that is, the graph of the equation y = f(x).
Let us use the relation y = 2x. First, you need to assign at least three values to x to
see what corresponding values result for y. In this way, you will develop three or more
ordered pairs which, when plotted, will represent the graph of the equation y = 2x.
The partially completed table below contains a series of x values. Substitute each of
these values in the given equation (y = 2x), and write down the corresponding y values in
the spaces provided. Finally, plot each pair of coordinates, and connect the resulting points
with a straight line in order to find out what the graph of y = 2x looks like.
x 3 2 1 0 -1 -3
y 6 4 2 0 -2 -6
5
4
3
2
1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
Let us sketch the graphs of the following functions.

a. f(x) = x2 b. g(x) = x3

Functions
Solution:
a. f(x) = x2
x 0 ±1/2 ±1 ±2
f(x 0 1/4 1 4
5
-2, 4 4 2, 4
3
2
-1, 1 1 1, 1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
b. g(x) = x3
x 0 ±1/2 ±1 ±2
f(x 0 ±1/8 ±1 ±8
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8

Functions
FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS
1. Proportional values. If variables y and x are direct proportional, then the functional
dependence between them is represented by the equation:
y = kx ,
where k is a constant a factor of proportionality.
A graph of a direct proportionality is a straight line, going through an origin of

coordinates and forming with an x-axis an angle , a tangent of which is equal
to k : tan = k. Therefore, a factor of proportionality is called also a slope. There are three
graphs with k = 1/3, k = 1 and k = – 3 on the figure below.
Y
k = -3 k=1
k = 1/3
2. Linear function. If variables y and x are tied by the 1-st degree equation:
A x + B y = C , the graph of y = f(x) = 2x is a straight line.
5
4
3
2
1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6

Functions
3. Inverse proportionality. If variables y and x are inverse proportional, then the

functional dependence between them is represented by the equation:
y =k/x,
where k is a constant.
A graph of an inverse proportionality is a curve, having two branches is called a hyperbola.

These curves are received at crossing a circular cone by a plane. In general case this value
is k , as it follows from a hyperbola equation: x y = k.
The main characteristics and properties of hyperbola:

- the function domain: x 0, and co-domain: y 0;
- the function is monotone ( decreasing) at x < 0 and at x > 0, but it is not monotone on
the whole, because of a point of discontinuity x = 0 (think, please, why ? );
- the function is unbounded, discontinuous at a point x = 0, odd, non-periodic;
- there are no zeros of the function.
4. Quadratic function. This is the function: y = ax 2 + bx + c, where a, b, c –

constants, a 0. In the simplest case we have b = c = 0 and y = ax 2. A graph of this
function is a quadratic parabola - a curve, going through an origin of coordinates. Every
parabola has an axis of symmetry OY, which is called an axis of parabola. The point O of
intersection of a parabola with its axis is a vertex of parabola.

Functions
5
-2, 4 4 2, 4
3
2
-1, 1 1 1, 1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
A graph of the function y = ax 2 + bx + c is also a quadratic parabola of the same shape,

that y = ax 2, but its vertex is not an origin of coordinates, this is a point with coordinates:
The form and location of a quadratic parabola in a coordinate system depends completely
on two parameters: the coefficient a of x2 and discriminant D = b2 – 4ac. These properties
follow from analysis of the quadratic equation roots. All possible different cases for a
quadratic parabola are shown on the figure below.
The main characteristics and properties of a quadratic parabola:
- the function domain: – < x < + (i.e. x is any real number ) and co – domain.
- the function is not monotone on the whole, but to the right or to the left of the vertex it
behaves as a monotone function;
- the function is unbounded, continuous in everywhere, even at b = c = 0, and non-
periodic;
- the function has no zeros at D < 0.
5. Exponential function. The function y = ax, where a is a positive constant number, is

called an exponential function. The argument x adopts any real values; as the function
values only positive numbers are considered, because otherwise we'll have a multi-valued
function. So, the function y = 81 x has at x = 1/4 four different values: y = 3, y = – 3, y =
3i and y = – 3i . But we consider as the function value only y = 3. Graphs of an
exponential function for a = 2 and a = 1 / 2 are shown on the figure below. All they are
going through the point ( 0, 1 ). At a = 1 we have as a graph a straight line, parallel to x-
axis,i.e. the function becomes a constant value, equal to 1. At a > 1 an exponential
function increases, and at 0 < a < 1 – decreases.

Functions
Y
a = 1/2
a=2
The main characteristics and properties of a exponential function:

- the function domain: – < x < + ( i.e. x is any real number ) and its codomain: y > 0;
- this is a monotone function: it increases at a > 1 and decreases at 0 < a < 1;
- the function is unbounded, continuous in everywhere, non-periodic;
- the function has no zeros.
6. Logarithmic function. The function y = log a x, where a is a positive constant number,

not equal to 1, is called a logarithmic function. This is an inverse function relatively to an
exponential function; its graph can be received by rotating a graph of an exponential
function around of a bisector of the 1-st coordinate angle.
a >1
0 1
0<a<1

Functions
The main characteristics and properties of a logarithmic function:

- the function domain: x > 0 and its co - domain: – <y<+ ( i.e. y is any real
number );
- this is a monotone function: it increases at a > 1 and decreases at 0 <a < 1;
- the function is unbounded, continuous in everywhere, non-periodic;
- the function has one zero: x = 1.
7. Trigonometric functions. Building trigonometric functions we use a radian as a

measure of angles. As an example, the function y = sin x is represented by the graph
below. This curve is called a sinusoid. The graph of y = sin x by its moving along an x-
axis to the left for / 2.
Try this!
Sketch the graph of the function by first making a table of values.
1. f(x) = 2 2. f(x) = 2x – 4
3. f(x) = -3 4. f(x) = -x + 3
5. f(x) = -x-2 6. f(x) = 1 / x
7. g(x) = 2 /x2 8. g(x) = 4x2 – x4
9. g(x) = √𝑥 + 4 10. h(x) = /𝑥 + 1/

Functions
EXPERIENCE
Name: _________________________________________ Date: _________________
Functions and Its Graphs
Graph the functions f,g and f + g on the same set of coordinates axes.
1. f (x) = ½x, g(x) = x – 1
2. f(x) = g(x) = -x + 4
3. f(x) = x2, g(x) = -2x
4. f(x) = 4 – x2 g(x) = x
5. f(x) = 3x, g(x) = -

Functions
COMBINING FUNCTIONS
In making a new function from combining functions, performing basic arithmetic is

useful. Such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Two functions f and g can be combined to form new functions f + g, f – g, f.g,and f / g.
Let’s start with basic arithmetic of functions. Given two functions f(x) and g(x). We have
the following notation and operations.
(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x) or (f + g) = f(x) + g(x)
(fg)(x) = f(x) . g(x) or (fg) = f(x) . g(x)
( f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x or (f - g) = f(x) - g(x)
(f / g)(x) = f(x) / g(x) or (f / g) = f(x) / g(x)
Examples:
1. Given f(x) = 2 + 3x – x2 and g(x) = 2x – 1, evaluate each of the following:
a. (f + g) (4) c. (fg)(x)
b. (g – f)(x) d. (f / g) (0)
Solutions:
a. (f + g) (4) = (2 + 3x – x2) + (2x – 1)
= [2 + 3 ( 4) – 42] + [2(4) – 1]
= 2 + 12 – 16 + 8 – 1
= 5
b. (g – f)(x) = (2x – 1) - (2 + 3x – x2)

= 2x – 1 – 2 - 3x + x2
= x2 - x – 3
c. (fg)(x) = (2 + 3x – x2) (2x – 1)

= 4x – 2 + 6x2 – 3x – 2x3 + x2
= - 2x3 + 7x2 + x – 2

Functions
d. (f / g) (0) = (2 + 3x – x2) / (2x – 1)

= [2 + 3(0) – (0)2] / [2(0) – 1]
= 2 / -1
= -2
There is a new method of combining functions. The new method of combining

functions is called function composition. Given two functions f(x) and g(x) we have the
following two definitions.
1. The composition of f(x) and g(x) is (f ∘ g)(x) = f [ g (x)]
2. The composition of g(x) and f(x) is (g∘ f)(x) = g [f (x)]
Function composition is a function evaluation.
Examples:
Given f(x) = 2 + 3x – x2 and g(x) = 2x – 1, evaluate each of the following:
a. (f ∘ g)(x)
b. (g ∘ f)(x)
c. (f ∘ f)(x)
Solutions:
a. (f ∘ g)(x)
(f ∘ g)(x) = f [ g(x)]
= 2 + 3x – x2, substitute g(x) to x
= 2 + 3 (2x – 1) – (2x – 1)2
= 2 + 6x – 3 – (4x2 – 4x + 1)
= 2 + 6x – 3 – 4x2 + 4x – 1
= - 4x2 + 10x – 2

Functions
b. (g ∘ f)(x)
(g ∘ f)(x) = g [f (x)]
= 2x – 1, substitute f(x) to x
= 2[2 + 3x – x2] – 1
= 4 + 6x – 2x2 – 1
= - 2x2 + 6x + 3
c. (f ∘ f)(x)
(f ∘ f)(x) = f [f(x)]
= 2 + 3x – x2, substitute f(x) to x
= 2 + 3(2 + 3x – x2) – [2 + 3x – x2]2
= 2 + 6 + 9x – 3x2 – (x4 – 9x3 + 5x2 + 12x + 4)
= - x4 + 9x3 – 8x2 – 3x + 4
Try this!
Use f(x) = 3x – 5, g(x) = 2 - x2, and h(x) = x – 1 to evaluate the expression
1. (f ∘ g)(x) 2. (g ∘ f)(x)
3. (f ∘ h)(x) 4. (h ∘ g)(x)
5. (g ∘ h)(x) 6. (h ∘ f)(x)
7. (f ∘ g)(0) 8. (g ∘ f)(-2)
9. (f ∘ f)(4) 10. f ∘ g ∘ h

Functions
EXPERIENCE
Name: _________________________________________ Date: _________________
Combining Functions
Find (a) f ⃘ g, (b) g ⃘ f, and (c) f ⃘ f.
1. f(x) = x2, g(x) = x – 1
2. f(x) = 3x + 5, g(x) = 5 – x
3. f(x) = 3√ x – 1, g(x) = x3 + 1
4. f(x) = x3 g(x) =

Functions
ENRICHMENT
Name: _________________________________________ Date: _________________
Combining Functions
Find (a) f ⃘ g and (b) g ⃘ f. Find the domain of each function and each composite function.
1. f(x) = g(x) = x2
2. f(x) = 3 g(x) = x3 + 1
3. f(x) = x2 + 1, g(x) =
4. f(x) = , g(x) = x6
5. f(x) = g(x) = x + 6
6. f(x) = g(x) = 3 – x
7. f(x) = g(x) = x + 3
8. f(x) = g(x) = x + 1

Functions
INVERSE FUNCTIONS
Inverse functions are essentially the reverse of functions. They undo what the
functions do. It means if f takes x into y , then f -1 takes y back into x.
The inverse of a function is a rule that acts on the output of the function and
produces the corresponding input. Not all functions has inverses; those that do have are
called one – to – one.
One – to – one functions are important because they are precisely the functions that
possess inverse functions.
DEFINITION OF INVERSE FUNCTIONS
Given: f(x) and g(x). If f(g(x)) = x and g(f(x)) = x, then g(x) = f - 1(x) means that
g(x) is the inverse function of x.
The domain of f is equal to the range of f - 1.
The range of f is equal to the domain of f - 1
Steps in finding the inverse of a function:
1. Write y = f(x).
2. Solve this equation for x in terms of y ( if possible).
3. Interchange x and y. the resulting equation is y = f – 1 (x)
Examples:
1. Find the inverse of the function f(x) = 3x – 2.
Solution:
f(x) = 3x – 2
y = 3x – 2
3x = y + 2
x= then, y= .
Therefore, the inverse function is f – 1(x) = .

Functions
Checking the answer:
f – 1(f(x)) = f – 1 (3x – 2) f ( f – 1(x)) = f( )
= = 3( )-2
= = x+2-2
= x = x
Take note that if f – 1(f(x))equals f ( f – 1(x)), the inverse of the function is correct.
2. Find the inverse of the function f(x) = .
Solution:
y=
2y = x5 – 3
x5 = 2y + 3
x = (2y + 3)1 / 5 then, y = (2x + 3)1 / 5
Therefore, the inverse function is f – 1(x) = (2x + 3)1 / 5
Checking the answer:
f – 1(f(x)) = f – 1 ( f ( f – 1(x)) = f((2x + 3) 1 / 5)
1/5
= [2 ( =
= (x5 – 3 + 3) 1 / 5
= x5 (1 / 5) =
=x =x

Functions
Try this!
Find the inverse of the following functions. Be able to check your answers.
1. f(x) = x – 6
2. f(x) = 3x
3. f(x) = 2x – 5
4. f(x) =
5. f(x) = 3 – 4x

Functions
EXPERIENCE
Name: _________________________________________ Date: _________________
Inverse Functions
Show that f and g are inverse functions.
1. f(x) = 2x, g(x) =
2. f(x) = x – 5, g(x) = x + 5
3. f(x) = 7x + 1, g(x) =
4. f(x) = 3 – 4x, g(x)=
5. f(x) = g(x) = 3

Functions
ENRICHMENT
Name: _________________________________________ Date: _________________
Inverse Functions
Show that f and g are inverse functions.

1. f(x) = g(x) =
2. f(x) = g(x) = x2 + 4, x > 0
3. f(x) = 1 – x3, g(x) = 3
4. f (x) = 9 – x2, x > 0, g(x) =
5. f (x) = x > 0, g(x) = 0<x<1
6. f(x) = g(x) =
7. f(x) = g(x) =
B. Determine whether the function has an inverse function. If it does, find the inverse
function.
1. f(x) =
2. f(x) =
3. f(x) =

LESSON 10 (Functions)

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LESSON 10 (Functions)

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At the end of the lesson, the students

are expected to:

1. Identify examples and non-

FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONS

In mathematics, the concept of a function is very important and useful. It appears in

Math for Grade 11 with Filipino Legacy Integration Page 107

c. (2,2), (4,2), (6,2), (8,2), (10,2)

Domain = {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2} ; Range = {0,1,4}

Relations can be represented pictorially either by arrow diagrams or graphs. This is

Consider the following arrow diagrams.

Math for Grade 11 with Filipino Legacy Integration Page 108

Math for Grade 11 with Filipino Legacy Integration Page 109

A. Tell whether the following represent one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one or

B. Find the domain and range of the following relations.

1. {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)} 6. y = x – 2

2. {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5)} 7. y = x3

3. {(5,5), (5,10), (5,15), (5,20), 8. y = √x

Math for Grade 11 with Filipino Legacy Integration Page 110

RELATIONS THAT ARE FUNCTIONS

The word function denotes a certain specific type of correspondence or association

Characteristics of a Function from Set A to Set B

1. Each element in A must be matched with an element in B.

2. Some elements in B may not be matched with any element in A.

3. Two or more elements in A may be matched with the same element in B.

4. An element in A cannot be matched with two different elements in B.

Math for Grade 11 with Filipino Legacy Integration Page 111

Math for Grade 11 with Filipino Legacy Integration Page 112

Math for Grade 11 with Filipino Legacy Integration Page 113

Try this! (Continuation)

1. {(0,1), (5,1), (-5, -1)}

2. {(-3, 3), (-2,3), (-1,3), (0,3)}

3. {(2,5), (2,10), (2,15), (2,20)}

4. {(0,1), (1,0), (-1,0), (0, -1)}

5. {(-2,-2), (-1,-1), (0,0), (1,1), (2,2)}

6. Which of the following examples are functions?

a. The rule that assigns to every student his school.

b. The rule that assigns to every school its students.

c. The rule assigning a polygon to its number of sides.

d. The rule that assigns to every mother her children.

e. The rule that assigns to every wife her husband.

When an equation is used to represent a function, it is convenient to name the

In the equation y = 3x – 2, the variable y is expressed in terms of x or y is a

In functional notation form, “y is a function of x” can be written as “y = f(x)”. The

So y = 3x – 2, written in functional notation is f(x) = 3x – 2.

To evaluate functional notation, let us use f(x) = 3x – 2. The value of f(x) at x = 1

Math for Grade 11 with Filipino Legacy Integration Page 114

f(2) = 2(2) + 5 = 9 g(1) = 12 – 1 = 0

f(-2) = 2(-2) + 5 = 1 g(x+1) = (x +1)2 – 1

Math for Grade 11 with Filipino Legacy Integration Page 115

Name: _________________________________________ Date: _________________

Section: ___________ Professor: _____________________ Score: _____________

Functions and Relations

1. f(x) = 2x – 3 (a) f(1) (b) f(-3) (c) f(x – 1)

4. h(t) = t2 – 2t (a) h(2) (b) h(1.5) (c) h(x + 2)

5. f(y) = 3 - √𝑦 (a) f)(4) (b) f(0.25) (c) f(4x2)

6. f(x) = √𝑥 + 8 + 2 (a) f (-8) (b) f(1) (c) f (x- 8)

10. f(x) = |𝑥| + 4 (a) f(2) (b) f(-2) (c) f(x2)

Math for Grade 11 with Filipino Legacy Integration Page 116

Section: ___________ Professor: _____________________ Score: _____________

Functions and Relations

Math for Grade 11 with Filipino Legacy Integration Page 117

Let us sketch the graphs of the following functions.

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