* ANATOMY AND

PHYSIOLOGY OF TISSUES

Group members
Samra Rao
Anara Inayat
Sabrina Panjwani
Mehak Makhnojia
Saveen Fatima
Muskan Dilawar
Simran Karim Ali
Rubaid Mishal
 *TISSUES
A group of similar cells
and their inter cellular
substance joined
together to perform a
specific function is
called tissue.
*EPITHELIA
TISSUE

*STRUCTURE :
* Cells of epithelial tissue are
tightly packed and form a
continuous sheet. They have
almost no intercellular spaces.
All epithelia is usually separated
from underlying tissues by an
extracellular fibrous basement
membrane. The lining of the
mouth, lung alveoli and kidney
tubules all are made of
epithelial tissue. The lining of
the blood and lymphatic vessels
are of a specialised form of
epithelium called endothelium.
*FUNCTIONS:
• to protect the tissues that lie
beneath from radiation, desiccation,
toxins, invasion by pathogens, and
physical trauma
• the regulation and exchange of
chemicals between the underlying
tissues and a body cavity
• the secretion of hormones into the
circulatory system, as well as the
secretion of sweat, mucus, enzymes,
and other products that are
delivered by ducts
• to provide sensation
 * Simple squamous
epithelium:

STRUCTURE:
• Flattened cells
• single layer of cells
• Scale or plate layer
• centrally located nucleus
LOCATION:
• Lines heart
• blood vessels
• lymphatic vessels air sacs of the
lungs
• Kidney and inner surface of
lymphatic membrane
FUNCTIONS :
*Filteration
*Diffusion
 *SIMPLE CUBODIAL
EPITHELIUM

*DESCRIPTION:
• Single layer of cube shape cell
• centrally located nucleus
LOCATION:
• Cover surface of ovary
• form pigment epithelium at
the back of eye
• lines kidney tubules
FUNCTION :
• Secretion
• absorption
 *SIMPLE COLUMNAR
EPITHELIUM
*DESRIPTION:
• Single layer of rectangular
cells with nuclei near base of
cell
• Contain goblet cell(mucus)
and cell with microvilli at
some location
LOCATION:
Line the gastrointestinal tract
from stomach to anus, ducts of
many glands and gallbladder
FUNCTION:
• Secretion
• Absorption
*CILIATED
EPITHELIUM
DESCRIPTION:
Single layer of ciliated columnar
cells contain goblet cell in some
location
LOCATION:
Lines a few portion of uper
respiratory tract ,uterine tube
and uterus.
FUNCTION:
Move mucus
 *STRATIFIED
EPITHELIUM
• Consist of many layer of cells
without basement membrane.
• The main function is to protect
the underlying tissue .

Two main types of stratified

epithelium tissue:
• Stratified squamous epithelium
• Transitional epithelium
* STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
EPITHELIUM
A stratified squamous epithelium
consists of squamous (flattened)
epithelial cells arranged in layers upon
a basal membrane. Only one layer is in
contact with the basement membrane;
the other layers adhere to one another
to maintain structural integrity.
LOCATION:

• Keratinized variety forms

superficial layer of the skin.
• Non keratinized line wed surface
such as lining of mouth ,
esophagus ,conjuctiva of the eye ,
pharynx, and vagina
 *NERVOUS TISSUE
STRUCTURE:
Nervous tissue is composed of
neurons, also called nerve cells,
and neuroglia cells. Typically,
nervous tissue is categorized into
four types of tissue. In the central
nervous system (CNS), the tissue
types found are grey matter and
white matter. In the peripheral
nervous system (PNS), the tissue
types are nerves and ganglia. The
tissue is categorized by its
neuronal and neuroglia
components.
 FUNCTION:
Functions of the nervous
system are sensory input,
integration, control of
muscles and glands,
homeostasis, and
mental activity.
*TYPES OF MUSCLES TISSUES
*SMOOTH TISSUE
*CARDIAC MUSCLE
*SKELETAL MUSCLES
* TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES
*BLOOD CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Blood is considered a
connective tissue because it
has a matrix. The living cell
types are red blood cells, also
called erythrocytes, and white
blood cells, also called
leukocytes. The fluid portion of
whole blood, its matrix, is
commonly called plasma.