Definition of terms:

1. Backdraft – phenomenon in which fire that has consumed all available oxygen suddenly explodes when more oxygen
is made available, usually because a door or window is opened.
2. Flashover – rapid transition from the growth to fully developed stage; materials in room ignite all at once; tongues of
flame roll across ceiling; radiant heat affects materials in room, raising them to ignition temperature.
3. Fuel load – total amount of potential fuel for a fire in a given area.
4. Ignition temperature – minimum temperature at which a substance burns.
5. Thermal layering – tendency of gases to form into layers according to temperature (hottest gases at the top layer,
cooler gases form at the lower layers).
6. Recall the ways on how heat is transferred:
• Radiation – heat transfer through empty space by electromagnetic waves
• Conduction – heat transfer through a medium without visible motion (mere contact)
• Convection – heat transfer through a circulating medium (usually fluids)

Type of burns:
1. First degree – skin is red • “Cool a burn” = Hold burn under running cool tap water.
2. Second degree – skin is red and blistery • “Cool a burn” and see a doctor if the burn is large or blisters are damaged.
3. Third degree – skin is gray, dry, and with no feeling • Don’t remove clothing from burn area. • Go to emergency room
immediately.

Tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over the tropical waters.
Tropical cyclones rotate in a counterclockwise direction in the northern hemisphere (conversely, clockwise in the
southern hemisphere). The term tropical cyclone encompasses tropical depressions, tropical storms, typhoons and
hurricanes.

After formation, tropical cyclones usually move to the west and generally slightly poleward, then may "recurve," that is,
move into the mid-latitude and back toward the east. However, not all tropical cyclones recurve. It derives its energy
from the latent heat of condensation which made them exist only over the oceans and die out rapidly on land. The
intensity of tropical cyclones vary, thus, we can classify them based upon their degree of intensity.

The classification of tropical cyclones according to the strength of the associated winds as adopted by PAGASA (as of 01
May 2015) are as follows:

• TROPICAL DEPRESSION (TD) - a tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of up to 61 kph. • TROPICAL STORM
(TS) - a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 62 to 88 kph. • SEVERE TROPICAL STORM (STS) - a tropical cyclone
with maximum wind speed of 89 to 117 kph. • TYPHOON (TY) - a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 118 to
220 kph. • SUPER TYPHOON (STY), a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed exceeding 220 kph.