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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.

Global survey on the perception of residents


towards city tourism: impact and measures

Copyright ©, 2019, UNWTO and IPSOS.


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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Methodology
Introduction &

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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Introduction

This research is a result of a partnership between the World Tourism Organization


(UNWTO) and IPSOS.

To better manage the issues arising from the growing tourism demand in urban
destinations it is essential to understand resident's experiences and perceptions
on city tourism.

The research aims at understanding the perception of residents towards city


tourism, its impacts, as well as the most adequate strategies to manage the
growing tourism flows in cities.

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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Methodology

12.000 online surveys in 15 countries

Methodology Sample Participants 15 Countries


Online survey. In each country 1.000/500 Adults aged 18-64 in the US and Country Sample Country Sample
December’s IPSOS individuals representative of Canada, aged 16-64 in all other
Argentina 500 Japan 1000
Global @dvisor wave. global population. countries.
Australia 1000 Poland 500
Fieldwork from 21st December
Belgium 500 Republic of
2018 to 14th January 2019. Statistically significance Korea
500
differences noted in the survey Canada 1000
Spain 1000
are calculated with a confidence France 1000 Sweden 500
level of 95%. Germany 1000 United
1000
Hungary 500 Kingdom
USA 1000
Italy 1000

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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Key Findings

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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

 47% of respondents think ‘they reside in cities with a high number of tourists’.

 On the positive side, 52% of respondents think tourism has a big or moderate impact in

generating wealth and income. On the other spectrum, 46% of respondents think it ‘creates

overcrowding’.

 49% of respondents feel that there should be measures to better manage tourism.
 Respondents are most supportive of the following measures: ‘improve infrastructures and facilities’

(72%) and ‘create experiences and attractions that benefit both residents and visitors’ (71%),

whereas only 12% think that there should be limitations to the number of visitors.

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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

 The results reveal significant differences according to respondents’ socio-demographic profiles:

 By age: young respondents (under 34 years old) show more awareness of the positive and

negative impacts and are also more favourable to implement restrictive measures to manage

tourism, while older respondents (above 50 years old) perceive less the negative impacts of

tourism and are less favourable to implement restrictive measures.

 By education level: more awareness of the positive and negative impacts of tourism from

those who possess a high level of education. However, no differences can be perceived

regarding the preferences of potential measures to be implemented.

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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

 By travelling frequency: the number of respondents who consider they live in cities with a

high number of tourists increases with how frequent they travel. The same occurs with

whether they feel that there should be measures to better manage tourism.

 By household income and sex no significant differences can be concluded.

 Based on the respondents’ profiles it can be concluded that:

 Age, education level and travelling frequency of respondents are factors that contribute to

increase and decrease the awareness of the impacts of tourism and respondents’ preferences

in relation to the implementation of measures to better manage tourism.

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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Q1. Do you think you live in a city with a high number of tourists?
47% of respondents think ‘they reside in cities with a high number of tourists’.

Australia 68%
Argentina 63%
Sweden 61%
Spain 59%
Canada 50%

TOTAL Hungary
Republic of Korea
50%
45%

Yes
United Kingdom 44%
Italy 43%
Poland
Yes USA
42%
38%

47% Germany 37%


Belgium 36%
Japan 33%
France 33%

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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Q1. Do you think you live in a city with a high number of tourists?
By socio-demographic profile

Sex
Male 47%
Female 47%

Age
34 years old or under 49%
From 35 to 49 years old 47%

TOTAL 50 years old or over 44%

Low 41%
Education
level
Medium 47%
High
Yes
52%

47% Household
Income
Low 47%
Medium 47%
High 48%

Statistical significance difference inferior than total


Statistical significance difference superior than total
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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Q2. How does tourism impact your city?


On the positive side, 52% of respondents think tourism has a big or moderate impact in
generating wealth and income. On the other spectrum, 46% of respondents think it
‘creates overcrowding’.

Big Impact Moderate Impact Low Impact No Impact Big + Moderate Impact

Generates wealth and income 17% 35% 26% 21% 52%

Creates intercultural exchanges 17% 34% 26% 23% 51%

Creates new offers and leisure activities 15% 35% 27% 23% 50%

Creates more jobs 15% 33% 28% 24% 48%

Creates overcrowding on the streets/shops/transports 17% 29% 28% 26% 46%

Increases cost of housing 17% 28% 28% 27% 45%

Increases cost of goods and services 15% 30% 29% 26% 45%

Increases cost of transport 11% 25% 32% 32% 36%

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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Q2. How does tourism impact your city? (by country)

Generates wealth Creates intercultural Creates new offers and Creates more jobs Creates overcrowding on the Increases cost of Increases cost of goods Increases cost of
and income exchanges leisure activities streets/shops/transports housing and services transport

Total 52% 51% 50% 48% 46% 45% 45% 36%

Argentina 66% 65% 63% 55% 51% 51% 56% 42%

Australia 72% 58% 61% 59% 52% 45% 49% 39%

Belgium 44% 42% 44% 40% 41% 44% 40% 33%

Canada 56% 53% 53% 53% 43% 41% 43% 32%

France 44% 41% 45% 39% 41% 42% 38% 26%

Germany 39% 43% 45% 41% 41% 44% 36% 36%

Hungary 60% 55% 52% 39% 45% 47% 51% 36%

Italy 50% 50% 50% 46% 43% 43% 42% 34%

Japan 25% 31% 28% 28% 35% 29% 33% 28%

Poland 51% 48% 48% 42% 36% 46% 43% 36%

Republic of Korea 54% 64% 55% 53% 65% 65% 70% 61%

Spain 64% 59% 53% 59% 56% 56% 55% 39%

Sweden 61% 62% 74% 65% 55% 45% 45% 38%

United Kingdom 55% 47% 48% 53% 45% 39% 35% 31%

USA 48% 42% 42% 44% 41% 38% 37% 32%

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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Q2. How does tourism impact your city? (by socio-demographic profile)

Generates wealth Creates intercultural Creates new offers and Creates more jobs Creates overcrowding on the Increases cost of Increases cost of goods Increases cost of
and income exchanges leisure activities streets/shops/transports housing and services transport

Total 53% 51% 51% 48% 46% 45% 45% 36%

Sex
Male 53% 50% 50% 48% 45% 46% 45% 38%

Female 53% 51% 52% 47% 47% 44% 44% 35%


Age

34 y/o or under 55% 55% 54% 49% 50% 43% 49% 41%

From 35 to 49 y/o 51% 48% 49% 47% 46% 44% 44% 35%

50 y/o or over 51% 48% 48% 47% 41% 42% 41% 31%

Education
level Low 47% 45% 44% 41% 41% 41% 41% 33%

Medium 53% 50% 51% 47% 45% 45% 45% 36%

High 58% 56% 57% 55% 51% 49% 48% 39%

Household
income Low 49% 49% 48% 43% 46% 46% 45% 37%
Medium 54% 51% 51% 50% 46% 46% 45% 36%
High 56% 53% 53% 51% 47% 46% 47% 37%

Statistical significance difference inferior than total


Statistical significance difference superior than total
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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Q3. Do you think there should be measures to manage tourism better in your city?
49% of respondents feel that there should be measures to better manage city tourism.

Argentina 75%
Spain 69%
Republic of Korea 67%
Poland 64%
Italy 64%

TOTAL Hungary
Australia
61%
49%

Yes
Sweden 48%
Belgium 46%
Canada 41%
Yes France 37%

49% USA 32%


United Kingdom 30%
Germany 24%
Japan 24%

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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Q3. Do you think there should be measures to manage tourism better in


your city?

By socio-demographic profile
Sex
Male 50%
Female 47%

Age
34 years old or under 49%
From 35 to 49 years old 48%

TOTAL 50 years old or over 49%

Yes
Low 45%
Education
level Medium 51%
High
Yes
50%

49%
Household
income Low 48%
Medium 48%
High 52%

Statistical significance difference inferior than total


Statistical significance difference superior than total
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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Q4. What measures do you think are more adequate to deal with the increase in
the number of tourists to your city?
‘Improve infrastructures and facilities’ (72%) and ‘create experiences and attractions that
benefit both residents and visitors’ (71%) – the most important measures to address the
growing number of visitors.
TOTAL
Improve infrastructures and facilities 72%

Create experiences and attractions that benefit residents as well as visitors 71%

Ensure local communities benefit from tourism 65%

Communicate with and engage local communities 50%

Communicate with and engage visitors 48%

Promote tourism to other type of visitors 46%

Promote dispersal visitors all year long 40%

Set a System to measure and monitor tourism 36%

Promote the dispersal of visitors within the city and beyond 35%
n
Limit the number of tourism establishments 16%
n
Limit the number of visitors 12%

Stop tourism promotion 9%

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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Q4. What measures do you think are more adequate to deal with the increase in
the number of tourists to your city? (by country)

Rep. of United
Argentina Australia Belgium Canada France Germany Hungary Italy Japan Poland Spain Sweden USA
Korea Kingdom

Improve infrastructures and facilities 79% 75% 64% 68% 66% 66% 89% 80% 74% 68% 69% 73% 61% 67% 67%

Create experiences and attractions that benefit


residents as well as visitors 75% 70% 63% 82% 65% 62% 82% 71% 68% 72% 74% 68% 65% 71% 73%

Ensure local communities benefit from tourism 71% 77% 61% 75% 66% 50% 57% 69% 66% 57% 66% 55% 67% 74% 71%

Communicate with and engage local


communities 33% 52% 48% 50% 55% 36% 67% 60% 45% 42% 61% 48% 48% 49% 53%

Communicate with and engage visitors 46% 47% 38% 47% 47% 50% 52% 60% 55% 36% 55% 37% 55% 47% 49%

Promote tourism to other type of visitors 54% 33% 46% 42% 49% 41% 50% 48% 38% 43% 46% 47% 53% 42% 41%

Promote dispersal visitors all year long 47% 27% 47% 40% 35% 48% 38% 34% 48% 70% 24% 43% 33% 34% 27%

Set a System to measure and monitor tourism 27% 43% 44% 37% 42% 27% 29% 29% 22% 32% 57% 36% 28% 38% 42%

Promote the dispersal of visitors within the city


and beyond 41% 31% 36% 32% 32% 40% 28% 30% 48% 46% 20% 42% 42% 31% 33%

Limit the number of tourism establishments n


11% 18% 22% 10% 17% 34% 4% 11% 18% 15% 13% 20% 23% 18% 17%

Limit the number of visitors n


9% 18% 19% 13% 14% 29% 3% 4% 11% 10% 5% 18% 13% 17% 16%

Stop tourism promotion 6% 6% 13% 5% 11% 20% 2% 5% 10% 9% 9% 13% 12% 12% 12%

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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Q4. What measures do you think are more adequate to deal with the increase in
the number of tourists to your city? (by socio-demographic profile)
Household
Education
Sex Age income
level

34 y/o or From 35 to 50 y/o or


Total Male Female Low Medium High Low Medium High
under 49 y/o over

Improve infrastructures and facilities 72% 72% 73% 68% 72% 77% 71% 73% 73% 69% 72% 75%

Create experiences and attractions that benefit


residents as well as visitors 71% 69% 74% 69% 71% 75% 71% 70% 73% 70% 70% 73%

Ensure local communities benefit from tourism 65% 65% 66% 61% 65% 69% 63% 65% 67% 62% 66% 66%

Communicate with and engage local


communities 50% 49% 52% 48% 51% 53% 53% 49% 50% 54% 51% 49%

Communicate with and engage visitors 48% 47% 49% 48% 46% 49% 50% 47% 47% 46% 49% 47%

Promote tourism to other type of visitors 46% 47% 44% 45% 47% 46% 49% 46% 43% 48% 43% 48%

Promote dispersal visitors all year long 40% 39% 41% 39% 40% 41% 39% 42% 39% 38% 40% 40%

Set a System to measure and monitor tourism 36% 36% 36% 38% 37% 32% 34% 34% 40% 36% 38% 36%

Promote the dispersal of visitors within the city


and beyond 35% 35% 35% 34% 37% 35% 34% 38% 33% 35% 35% 34%

Limit the number of tourism establishments n


16% 17% 14% 21% 14% 11% 16% 16% 16% 18% 17% 14%

Limit the number of visitors n


12% 14% 10% 16% 12% 8% 13% 13% 11% 14% 12% 10%

Stop tourism promotion 9% 11% 7% 12% 9% 5% 8% 10% 9% 11% 8% 9%

Statistical significance difference inferior than total


Statistical significance difference superior than total
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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Q5. How many times have you travelled to an international destination during 2018
(one night minumum)?

Travellers who have Travellers who

Yes
have travelled to

No
not travelled to an
international an international
destination destination

58% 42%

Low frequency traveller


24% Have not travelled
19%
TOTAL (1 trip/year)

Medium frequency
34% Only domestic travel 11% traveller (2 trips/year)

High frequency traveller


12% (3 or more trips/year)

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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Q1. Do you think you live in a city with a high number of tourists?
Q5. How many times have you travelled to an international destination during 2018
(one night minimum)?

Travellers who have not


travelled to an international 42%
destination
… have not travelled 38%

TOTAL … only domestic travel 46%

Travellers who have travelled to 53%


an international destination

Low frequency traveller 48%


Yes (1 trip/year)

Medium frequency traveller


47%
58%
(2 trips/year)

High frequency traveller 56%


(3 o or more trips/year)

Statistical significance difference inferior than total


Statistical significance difference superior than total
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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Q2. How does tourism impact your city?


Q5. How many times have you travelled to an international destination during 2018
(one night minimum)?

Generates wealth Creates intercultural Creates new offers and Creates more jobs Creates overcrowding on the Increases cost of Increases cost of goods Increases cost of
and income exchanges leisure activities streets/shops/transports housing and services transport

48% 46% 45% 45% 36%


Total 53% 51% 51%

Travellers who have not 42% 42% 42% 42% 34%


travelled to an 48% 46% 46%
international destination

37% 39% 40% 40% 32%


… have not travelled 42% 39% 39%

… only domestic travel 46% 44% 43% 44% 35%


52% 50% 51%
Travellers who have
travelled to an
56% 51% 49% 48% 40%
international destination 59% 57% 58%
Low frequency traveller
(1 trip/year) 51% 49% 45% 45% 36%
56% 54% 54%

Medium frequency traveller


(2 trips/year) 57% 53% 51% 49% 42%
59% 60% 59%

High frequency traveller


61% 53% 54% 53% 43%
(3 o or more trips/year) 65% 60% 61%

Statistical significance difference inferior than total


Statistical significance difference superior than total
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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Q3. Do you think there should be measures to manage tourism better in your city?
Q5. How many times have you travelled to an international destination during 2018
(one night minimum)?

Travellers who have not


travelled to an international 45%
destination
… have not travelled 40%

TOTAL … only domestic travel 48%

Travellers who have travelled to


an international destination 54%

Low frequency traveller


53%
(1 trip/year)
Yes Medium frequency traveller
49%
54%
(2 trips/year)

High frequency traveller


57%
(3 o or more trips/year)

Statistical significance difference inferior than total


Statistical significance difference superior than total
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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Q4. What measures do you think are more adequate to deal with the increase in
the number of tourists to your city?
Q5. How many times have you travelled to an internationa destination during 2018
(one night minimum)?
Travellers who Travellers who High frequency
have not travelled Low frequency Medium frequency
… have not … only domestic have travelled to traveller
Total to an international traveller traveller
travelled travel an international (3 o or more
destination (1 trip/year) (2 trips/year)
destination trips/year)
Improve infrastructures and facilities
72% 73% 71% 74% 72% 75% 69% 69%
Create experiences and attractions that benefit
residents as well as visitors 71% 73% 69% 75% 69% 73% 69% 65%

Ensure local communities benefit from tourism


65% 65% 62% 67% 65% 64% 67% 65%
Communicate with and engage local
communities 50% 53% 56% 51% 48% 51% 48% 44%

Communicate with and engage visitors


48% 47% 48% 47% 48% 50% 49% 46%

Promote tourism to other type of visitors


46% 44% 46% 43% 48% 50% 44% 48%

Promote dispersal visitors all year long


40% 40% 42% 39% 40% 39% 41% 40%

Set a System to measure and monitor tourism


36% 36% 36% 37% 36% 33% 35% 39%
Promote the dispersal of visitors within the city
and beyond 35% 35% 35% 35% 35% 35% 33% 37%
n
Limit the number of tourism establishments
16% 14% 15% 13% 18% 14% 21% 20%
n
Limit the number of visitors
12% 12% 14% 11% 12% 9% 14% 14%

Stop tourism promotion


9% 8% 8% 9% 10% 6% 11% 13%

Statistical significance difference inferior than total


Statistical significance difference superior than total
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ocol}://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421107 - Sunday, August 18, 2019 9:18:07 PM - IP Address:190.232.2

Further
information:

Vicente Castellanos Sandra Carvão


Ipsos Public Affais Chief, Tourism Market Intelligence and
Service line leader. Competitiveness Department
Vicente.castellanos@ipsos.com scarvao@unwto.org

Eva Aranda Diana Oliveira


Ipsos Public Affais Project Specialist, Tourism Market Intelligence
Associate director and Competitiveness Department
Eva.aranda@ipsos.com doliveira@unwto.org

Copyright: © 2019, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and IPSOS


Citación: World Tourism Organization and IPSOS (2019), Global survey on the perception of residents towards city tourism: impact and measures, UNWTO, Madrid, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284421107.

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