Symbols Description Formulas Code Refrence

Cr Dynamic Augmentation Factror Figure 3

Kb Building Type Factor Table 1

Vb Basic Wind Speed

Vs Site wind Speed Vs = Sa x Sd x Ss x Sp

1. Sa = 1+0.001∆s
Sa Altitude Factor CL 2.2.2.2
2. Sa = 1+0.001∆T+1.2ѱes

∆S Site Altitude in Meters

∆T Altitude at the upwind Base of

Topographic feature
ѱe Effective Upwind slope
s Location Factor

Sd Directional Factor 1 CL 2.2.2.3

Ss Seasonal Factor 1 CL 2.2.2.4

Sp Probablity Factor 1 CL 2.2.2.5

Ve Effective wind speed Ve = Vs x Sb CL 2.2.3
Sb Terrain and Building Factor CL 2.2.3.3, TABLE 4
q Dynamic wind pressure q=0.613Ve2
Mean Hourly wind Speed for a given site location,
that has an annual risk of excedance of "ONE IN 50
YEAR". Muscat = 26m/s - (CP3 uses Gust speed )

This factor depends on Site Altitude and Topography

of the site.
If the average slope of the ground is less than 5%
within 1 kM of the site, or topography is not
significant(Figure 7), site can be considered Level and
the effects of topography can be ignored.
1. Topography insignificant
2.Topography SIGNIFICANT

For unknown Orientation of the building S d should be

taken as 1
For permanent structures and structures exposed to
wind for more than 6 months Ss = 1

in M/s
Taken from TABLE 4 of the code and based on H e
in N/mm2
 WIND LOADING TO BS6399-1997
(DUO PITCH BUILDING)

Building Dimensions
L 46.4
B 27.475
Eve Height 8.9
Roof Slope - 1: 10

Y
Z

X
27.475 M

SITE CONDITIONS

Site Altitude (∆S) 10 M WIND SPEED 28 m/s

Distance to Sea 42 kM SITE LOCATION COUNTRY

Height of Surrounding Buildings 5 M

Topography INSIGNIFICANT

DESCRIPTION

DYNAMIC CLASSIFICATION
Height H 10.27 M
Kb 2 Portal sheds and similar light structures with few internal walls
Cr 0.04
RESULT CODE IS APPLICABLE

SITE WIND SPEED Vs

Vs = Sa x Sd x Ss x Sp
Basic Wind Speed Vb 28 m/s
Sa = 1+0.001∆
Altitude Factor Sa 1.01
Directional Factor Sd 1 Orientaion of building UNKNOWN
Seasonal Factor Ss 1
Probability Factor Sp 1
RESULT Vs 28.28 m/s
EFFECTIVE WIND SPEED Ve
Ve = Vs x Sb
Terrain Category COUNTRY
Closest Distance to Sea 42 KM
Effective Height He (M) 10.27 Conservatively taken as ridge height
Terrain& Build. Factor Sb 1.717
Effective wind Speed Ve ###
DYNAMIC PRESSURE qs
qs = 0.613Ve2

DYNAMIC PRESSURE qs 1.45 kN/M²

 EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS
SIGN CONVENTION

POSITIVE POSITIVE NEGATIVE NEGATIVE

MEMBER
MEMBER
EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS FOR WALL

WIND PARALLEL TO RIDGE (WIND Z)

Height H 10.27 M peak height in direction of wind

Bredth B 27.475 M Cross wind Breadth
Depth D 46.4 M Inwind depth
Span Ratio D/H 4.52

Scaling length b 20.54 M Smaller of B or 2H

Coefficients

+ 0.6 - 0.5

WINDWARD LEEWARD

4.108 M 16.432 M 25.86 M

- 1.3 - 0.8 - 0.5

SIDEFACE (ISOLATED CONDITION)

EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS FOR WALL

WIND NORMAL TO RIDGE (WIND Z)

Height H 8.9 M peak height in direction of wind

Bredth B 46.4 M Cross wind Breadth
Depth D 27.475 M Inwind depth
Span Ratio D/H 3.09
Scaling length b 17.8 M Smaller of B or 2H
Coefficients

### - 0.5

WINDWARD LEEWARD

3.56 M 14.24 M 9.675 M

### - 0.8 - 0.4

SIDEFACE (ISOLATED CONDITION)

 EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS FOR ROOF (DUO PITCH)

WIND PARALLEL TO RIDGE (WIND Z)

Height H 10.27 M
PITCH ANGLE 5.71
Coefficients

-0.6 -0.6

EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS FOR ROOF (DUO PITCH)

2 WIND NORMAL TO RIDGE (WIND Z)

Height H 10.27 M
PITCH ANGLE 5.71
Coefficients
-Cpe +Cpe
-0.59 0.01 -0.41

INTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS

Two opposite walls equally permeable; other faces impermeable
Hence Cpi 0.2

SIZE EFFECT FACTOR

INTERNAL SIZE EFFECT FACTOR Cai
Internal diagonal dimension(a) ###
Terrain Category COUNTRY
Closest Distance to Sea 42 KM
Effective Height He (M) 10.27 M Conservatively taken as ridge height
Line to be used B
Hence Cai 0.71
EXTERNAL SIZE EFFECT FACTOR Cae
Diagonal dimension a 5M (CONSERVATIVE)
Hence Cae 1.0

NET PREASSURES
Net preassure p = p e- p i
External pressure pe = qs x Cpe x Cae
Internal Pressure pi = qs x Cpi x Cai
 NET PRESSURE

LC : WL(X1) WIND NORMAL TO RIDGE (WIND X) (-Cpe)

-1.06 kN/M² -0.8 kN/M²

WIND

% % % %

%
-0.93 kN/M²

LC : WL(X2) WIND NORMAL TO RIDGE (WIND X) (+Cpe)

WIND -0.19 kN/M² -0.8 kN/M²

% % % %

%
-0.77 kN/M²

LC : WL(Z) WIND NORMAL TO RIDGE (WIND Z)

-1.08 kN/M² -1.08 kN/M²

% % % %
 %
-1.37 kN/M²

%
9-1997

10.27 M
###

46.4 M

BS6399-2 REF

Cl 1.6

s with few internal walls Table 1

Fig 3

CL 2.2.2.1

= 1+0.001∆s
CL 2.2.2.2.3
f building UNKNOWN CL 2.2.2.3
CL 2.2.2.4
 CL 2.2.2.5

CL 2.2.2.1

CL 1.7.2

n as ridge height CL 1.7.3.2

Table 4

CL 2.1.2
 CL 2.3

NEGATIVE

MEMBER

ection of wind CL 2.4.1.2

Breadth CL 2.4.1.3
epth

B or 2H

- 0.5

LEEWARD

25.86 M

- 0.5

ection of wind CL 2.4.1.2

Breadth CL 2.4.1.3
epth
B or 2H

- 0.5

LEEWARD

9.675 M

- 0.4

)
 CL 2.5.2

CL 2.5.2

CL 2.6

TABLE 16

CL 2.1.3.4

height

CL 2.1.3.3
e CL 2.1.3.1
CL 2.1.3.2
 CL 2.5.2

%
0.77 kN/M²

CL 2.5.2

%
0.93 kN/M²

CL 2.5.2
%
-1.37 kN/M²