JULIO LEDESMA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

INTRODUCTION

All plants need certain mineral nutrients to survive (State of Hawaii 2016). In order to

grow and develop, plants need a supply of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen which they get from the

air and water, plus thirteen essential mineral elements (nutrients) which they normally get from

the soil. If the supply of these nutrients is insufficient for maximum crop growth, the crop would

respond positively to the deficient nutrient (or nutrients) being added. This means that any

substance which contains one or more of these thirteen nutrients (in a form that is available to

plants) will act as a fertilizer. (Allé 1999).

Fertilizers are substances used to add nutrients to the soil to promote soil fertility and

increase plant growth. Today fertilizer has become essential to modern agriculture to feed the

growing application, especially chemical fertilizers, although chemical fertilizers increase crop

production, the continuous use can lead to hardened soil, decreased fertility, strengthened

pesticides, polluted air and water, and released greenhouse gasses, thereby bringing hazards to

human health and environmental as well, it has already been proven how chemical fertilizers

pose serious challenges to the balanced and sustainable growth. Commercial Fertilizer (mega

yield multi-crop foliar fertilizer) contains N, P, O, K, B, C, Fe, and Mn.

Bitter gourd is one of the most popular vegetables in Southeast Asia. It is a member of the

cucurbit family along with cucumber, squash, watermelon and muskmelon. Native to China or

India, the fast growing vine is grown throughout Asia and is becoming popular worldwide.

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Depending on location, bitter gourd is also known as bitter melon or balsam pear. The fruit of

bitter gourd is similar in nutritional value compared to other cucurbits with the notable

exceptions that it is much higher in folate and vitamin C. The vine tips are an excellent source of

vitamin A. The medicinal value of the gourd in the treatment of infectious diseases and diabetes

is attracting of scientists worldwide.(Mildew et al., n.d.)

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a flowering vine in the family of Cucurbitaceae.

It contains an array of novel and biologically active phytochemicals including triterpenes,

proteins and steroids. Medicinally, the plant has a long history of use by the indigenous people as

a folk medicine. Bitter gourd is often used in Chinese cooking for its bitter flavor, typically in

stir-fries, soups, and also as tea. Pakistan, Philippines, Panama and Nepal also use this bitter

vegetable for culinary purposes in addition to India. Several medicinal properties of the bitter

gourd have been studied by various researchers, such as anti-diabetic, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-

mutagenic, antioxidant, anti-tumour, anti-lipolytic, analgesic, abortifacient, anti-viral,

hypoglycemic and immunomodulatory. In vitro studies reveals that the bitter gourd proteins (α-

and β-monorcharin) have inhibitory effect against HIV virus, and leaf extracts have broad-

spectrum anti-microbial activity as well. Bitter gourd products such as concentrated fruit and

seed extracts can be found in capsules and tablets, as well as in whole herb/vine powder forms

and these supplements are becoming more widely available in many countries nowadays as

prophylactic or therapeutic agents.(Raghavan Anilakumar, Kumar, and Ilaiyaraja 2015). It normally

takes 15-20 days after fruit set or 90 days from planting for the bitter gourd to reach marketable

age.(www.philrice.gov.ph)

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The best time to pick a bitter gourd is before it ripens. A ripe bitter gourd turns a shade of

golden orange, varying with the cultivar. I find that ripeness eliminates much of the bitterness,

but that is contested. Besides, it is not clear whether the ripe gourds retain the nutrients that are

found in them when they are still green. I let my gourds evolve to peak bitterness and retain their

crunchiness, which is just before they begin to ripen.(“Two South Asian Varieties” 2008)

Fertilizers are food for plants (Allé 1999). Fertilizers (also called plant food elements)

produced to supply these elements in a readily available form for plant use.(“Biofertilizers,”

n.d.). The natural products laying around farms can be turned into biofertilizers and used to make

healthy and abundant crops. This type of fertilizer eliminates the use of harmful chemicals.

Instead, it acts as a biological steroid that is still gentle on the environment and available for a

fraction of the price. (“Biofertilizers,” n.d.).

Distillery effluent or spent wash (SW) is usually considered as waste of distillery

processes and can be classified as a dilute organic liquid fertilizer with high potassium content.

In recent years, due to expansion of distilleries in sugar cane growing countries, the disposal of

spentwash has become an acute problem. In India, about 15,000 million liters of spent wash is

produced annually from 246 distilleries which is characterized by undesirable color, foul odor,

high biological oxygen demand (BOD: 5,000– 8,000 mg l−1) and chemical oxygen demand

(COD: 25,000–30,000 mg l−1). Such situation has created an acute problem of spent wash

disposal with the expansion of distilleries in the sugarcane growing countries. Spent wash

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whether treated or not, is used to irrigate sugarcane as well as to provide nutrients to crop as it

also contains the essential plant nutrients required for its growth (Jain and Srivastava 2012)

Diluted spent wash could be used for irrigation purpose without adversely affecting soil

fertility seed germination and crop productivity. The spent wash contained organic carbon,

nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K),sulphur (S) exchangeable calcium (Ca),

magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), DTPA iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper(Cu) and zinc (Zn) and

thus valued as a fertilizer when applied to soil through irrigation with water (C.S. Chidankumar,

S. Chandraju and R. Nagendraswamy 2009)

The utilization of industrial waste as soil amendment has generated interest in recent

times. The waste water produced continuously could cater the needs of irrigated crops (Lant et

al., n.d.) The diluted spent wash irrigation improved the physical and chemical properties of the

soil and further increased soil micro flora (Chidankumar and Chandraju 2009) Thus, this will not

only prevent waste from being an environmental hazard but also serves as an additional potential

source of fertilizer for agricultural use. Treated spent wash could be used for irrigation purpose

without adversely affecting soil fertility, seed germination and crop productivity (Rath, Pradhan,

and Mishra 2010).

The aqueous distillery effluent/spent wash is a dark brown highly organic effluent. It is

one of the most complex, strongest and organic effluent. This spent wash contains considerable

amount of plant nutrients and organic matter. Spent wash is an effluent rich in organic carbon, K,

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Ca, Mg, and S, considerable amount of N, P traces of micronutrients viz Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and

traces of sugar are also observed and the presence of plant growth promoter.(Chidankumar 2008)

In our community, treated spent wash is used to fertilize sugarcane fields to yield best

results. San Carlos Bio-energy Incorporated (SCBI), they made use of spent wash to be treated in

an anaerobic digester through the process known as anaerobic digestion, to make the spent wash

safe and treated, and given free to the farmers to give them more opportunity to enhance the

quality and increase the quantity of production of sugarcane which is the main livelihood and

product of the city for exportation.

However, although it is already proven that treated spent wash is effective with sugar

canes, it doesn’t guarantee that it can also be a fertilizer for other plant like Bitter Gourd

(Momordica charantia) which undeniably has many medicinal uses. For this reason, this present

study aims to determine the effectiveness of treated spent wash as a fertilizer for Bitter Gourd

(Momordica charantia).

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Fertilizer plays an important role in the care of your vegetables. Like all living things,

plants need certain nutrients to grow and develop properly. Generally this study aims to find out

if treated spent wash can be used as a fertilizer for Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia).

The main purpose of this study is to compare the effects of treated spent wash and

artificial fertilizer to the growth of bitter gourd plant.

The following are the specific questions that this study aims to answer:

1. What is the average growth of

a) bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) treated with spent wash
b) bitter gourd treated with commercial fertilizer (mega yield multi-crop foliar fertilizer)

2. Is there a difference between the average growth of the bitter gourd (Momordica

charantia) treated with spent wash and bitter gourd treated with commercial fertilizer

(mega yield multi-crop foliar fertilizer)?

3. What is the basis of Bioethanol plant for the safety use of treated spent wash?

HYPOTHESIS

This hypothesis was advanced in this study:

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1. There is no difference between the growth of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) treated

with spent wash and bitter gourd treated with commercial fertilizer (mega yield multi-

crop foliar fertilizer).

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

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This study aims to produce a solution to a safer environment. With the help of our study,

the use of treated spent wash as a fertilizer lessen the air pollution and contribute to a better yield

and production of plant specifically the bitter gourd (Momordica charantia).

This study is significant to:

a) Farmers. They may benefit with this kind of fertilizer to produce better products of yields.

With this, they could profit more and save money.

b) San Carlos Bio-energy. They may promote the use of treated spent wash as a fertilizer

instead of throwing it and could start air pollution.

c) Department of Agriculture. – They may seriously promote the use of natural and cheap, but

effective alternative fertilizer to reduce the number of people suffering from diseases around

caused by harmful chemical products made by industrial plant.

d) Department of Environment and Natural Resources. They may benefit in this study by

reducing the cost of making artificial fertilizers and making new organic and safe to use

fertilizers.

e) Community. They may enjoy using a cheaper fertilizer for their plants. With this, the people

may be able to save money and that they can spend for other commodities like things to improve

their homes and basic daily needs.

f) Students. The study may give them the knowledge on the proper use and benefits of treated

spent wash as fertilizer for the plants in the school program known as “gulayan sa paaralan”. Not

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all the students can buy an artificial fertilizer although it is affordable, since were are students we

don’t have salary to buy an artificial fertilizer.

g) Future Researchers. This study may serve as spring board for future studies related to plant

fertilizer and finding solution to reduce, reuse, and recycle the waste especially made by

industrial plant.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

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The researchers will conduct the study at Julio Ledesma National High School, San

Carlos City, Negros Occidental. The researcher utilizes the use of bitter gourd (Momordica

charantia) applied with treated spent wash and commercial fertilizer (mega yield multi-crop

foliar fertilizer).

9 Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) seeds will be tested in this inquiry (1 seed in each

pot). This study will use three treatments only. There will be 9 pots, pot 1a, 2a and 3a which

contains the treatment A with a mixture of 50 mL treated spent wash and 100 mL water every pot

and pot 1b, 2b and 3b which contains the treatment B commercial fertilizer (mega yield multi-

crop foliar fertilizer) and the 1c, 2c and 3c pot is the controlled variable or the plants C which

contains 150 mL of water every pot.

The researcher utilized treated spent wash to promote the yield and growth of bitter gourd

(Momordica charantia). The researcher recorded the height of the plants (cm), to construct clear

and dependable findings. The researcher will gather data every 7 days for 28 days.

METHODOLOGY

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This chapter presents the description of the research methods to be used in the study,

subject of the study, the instruments to be used, and the procedures.

Materials:

Tap Water

2 pcs 250 mL Beaker

Treated Spent Wash

2 pcs 100 mL

Graduated Cylinder

Commercial Fertilizer (mega yield multi-crop foliar fertilizer)

9 Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) seeds

9 pcs plant pots

Procedure:

1. Acquisition of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia).

- Bitter gourd seeds that will be needed in the experiment will be acquired from an agri-vet

store.

2. Classification of the acquired bitter gourd

- The samples bitter gourd seeds will then be classified according to its variety.

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3. Acquisition of Treated Spent wash

- Treated spent wash needed in the experiment will be acquired from San Carlos Bioenergy

Inc. in San Carlos City Negros Occidental.

4. Preparation of the Samples

- The sample bitter gourd seeds were formed into groups A, B, C.
Groups 1a, 2a and 3a for treated spent wash, groups 1b, 2b and 3b for commercial fertilizer

(mega yield multi-crop foliar fertilizer) and groups 1c, 2c and 3c for Control Variable. Each plot

will have 1 seed of bitter gourd.

5. Preparation of the treatments

- The researcher will prepare three treatments only; treatment A which will be applied on

plant 1a, 2a, and 3a contains a mixture of 50 mL of treated spent wash and 100mL of water every

pot. Treatment B which will be applied on plant 1b, 2b, and 3b contains a mixture of 50 mL of

commercial fertilizer (mega yield multi-crop foliar fertilizer) and 100mL of water every pot and

Controlled group or the plants C which is pot 1c, 2c, and 3c contains 150 mL of water.

6. Plotting the Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia)

- The researcher will plot the seeds directly in a soil. Each of the plants then will be

labeled base on the treatment.

Plotting of the Seeds

Plant
Plant Plant
1b 2b 3b 1c 2c 3c
1a 2a 3a

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Bitter gourd applied

Bitter gourd applied Bitter gourd with no
with Commercial
with Treated Spent treatment applied
Fertilizer (mega
Wash
(Controlled group)
yield multi-crop

foliar fertilizer)
Figure 1. Plotting of the Seedlings and Application of Treatments

7. Applying the Treatment to the Samples of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia)

- The treatment will be applied every 7 days. Treatment will be applied in the morning from 6-7

A.M.

8. Observation

- 9 Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia) seeds will be observed every 7 days in 28 days. To

identify any changes, the researcher will measure the Height of the bitter gourd. A table will be

made to record the changes.

Table 1. Shows the average growth of bitter gourd in 7 days.

PLANT Treated Spent wash Mega yield multi- Controlled

crop foliar fertilizer

(B)
(A) (C)
1 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm
2 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm
3 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm

Table 2. Shows the average growth of bitter gourd in 14 days.

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PLANT Treated Spent wash Mega yield multi- Controlled

crop foliar fertilizer

(B)
(A) (C)
1 12 cm 9 cm 10 cm
2 13 cm 11 cm 12 cm
3 13 cm 10 cm 11 cm

Table 3. Shows the average growth of bitter gourd in 21 days.

PLANT Treated Spent wash Mega yield multi- Controlled

crop foliar fertilizer

(B)
(A) (C)
1 29 cm 15 cm 19 cm
2 30 cm 23 cm 25 cm
3 30 cm 22 cm 23 cm

Table 4. Shows the average growth of bitter gourd in 28 days.

PLANT Treated Spent wash Mega yield multi- Controlled

crop foliar fertilizer

(B)
(A) (C)
1 20 cm 0 cm 15 cm

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2 33 cm 36 cm 11.6 cm
3 28.5 cm 24 cm 14 cm

9. Final Analysis

- After 28 days, the researcher will finalize the measurements. Characteristics namely, the

average growth of the plant in terms of the height of the plant.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

It was noticed that the average growth of the bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) were

high with treatment A (Spent wash). In treatment A applied with 100ml of water and 50ml of

treated spent wash, the bitter gourd are able to absorb maximum amounts of nutrients both from

soil and treated spent wash resulting good yields. This concludes that, the spent wash can be

conveniently used for the cultivation of bitter gourd without external (artificial or commercial)

fertilizer. This minimize the cost of cultivation and hence elevates the economy of the farmers.

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Table 5. Average growth of the bitter gourd applied with treatment A (Spent wash)

height Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Total

1a 0cm 12cm 29cm 20cm 61cm

Treatment A 2a 0cm 13cm 30cm 33cm 76cm

(treated Spent 3a 0cm 13cm 30cm 28.5cm 71.5cm

wash)

∑mean= = = 69.5cm

1b 0cm 9cm 15cm 0cm 24cm

2b 0cm 11cm 23cm 36cm 70cm

3b 0cm 10cm 22cm 24cm 56cm

∑mean= = = 50cm

1c 0cm 10cm 19cm 15cm 14cm

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2c 0cm 12cm 25cm 0cm 37cm

3c 0cm 11cm 23cm 0cm 34cm

∑mean= = = 28.33cm

Table 7. Results per Treatment on the Different Parameters According to Rank

TREATMENTS
PARAMETER
Rank 1 Rank 2 Rank 3

Average Growth A B C

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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Based on the results, the average growth of the bitter gourd(Momordica charantia) were

high with treatment A (Spent wash). In treatment A applied with 100ml of water and 50ml of

treated spent wash, the bitter gourd are able to absorb maximum amounts of nutrients both from

soil and treated spent wash resulting good yields. This concludes that, the spent wash can be

conveniently used for the cultivation of bitter gourd without external (artificial or commercial)

fertilizer. This minimize the cost of cultivation and hence elevates the economy of the farmers.

There is a difference in the average growth of the bitter gourd in using treated spent wash

as fertilizer and the artificial or commercial fertilizer().

Treatment A (100 ml of water and 50 ml of treated spent wash) is the most effective

fertilizer for bitter gourd.

For better improvement of this study, the following recommendation are given:

1. Have more than 3 plots in each treatment so that the gather data is reliable.

2. Secure the plant. Keep it away from pest. Always clean the environment.

3. Make use of other vegetables such as okra, eggplant and tomato.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I hanker after thanking those individuals who have been part of my accomplishment in
making this study. A thank you would not be adequate to repay their undying help and support
for me all throughout this investigatory project. The following are the people whom I owe a
gratitude and appreciation to:

The Education Supervisor I of Science of the Division of San Carlos City,

Mrs. Imelda R. Mamac;

Ms. Jennyfer M. Merabe, research adviser and for her patience and undying support
during the conduct of this study;

Mrs. Jocelyn M. Sumilhig, Principal I of JLNHS

Mrs. Fructuosa V. Avancena, STE Coordinator, Science Department Head;

Ms. Joefel Joy Fernandez, for her help in making the manuscript;

To the Faculty and Staff of Julio Ledesma National High School;

To SCBI, for providing the needs of this study;

Most importantly, to Almighty Father for the heavenly wisdom, guidance and protection
during the conduct of the study.

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APPENDICES

PREPARATION OF THE MATERIALS

PREPARATION OF TREATMENT A
(Treated Spent wash)

PREPARATION OF TREATMENT B CONTROLLED VARIABLE

(Mega yield multi-crop foliar fertilizer) (Water)

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APPLYING TREATMENT A
APPLYING TREATMENT B
(Spent wash)
(Mega yield multi-crop foliar fertilizer)

CONTOLLED VARIABLE
(Water)
)

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TREATED SPENT WASH AS FERTILIZER

FOR BITTER GOURD

(Momordica charantia)

RESEARCH PLAN

A. Question or Problem being addressed

Spent wash is a waste produced by San Carlos Bio-energy Incorporated

(SCBI), it brings harm to the people in the community. Instead of putting the

people into harm, why not crate another purpose out of it.

Spent wash has the nutrients present in the commercial fertilizer. Plants

similar to Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) which is very beneficial to us humans.

Since the prices of vegetables in the market are already considered out of reach, many

people are searching for innovative ways on how to lessen their everyday expenses

intended for their consumption.

B. Goals/ Expected Outcomes/ Hypotheses

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The purpose of this study is to determine the average growth of the Bitter

gourd (Momordica charantia). applied with Treated Spent wash and the Bitter

gourd applied with artificial fertilizer (Yield Multi-crop Foliar Fertilizer).

 Null Hypotheses
There is no difference between the growth of bitter gourd (Momordica

charantia) treated with spent wash and bitter gourd treated with commercial

fertilizer (mega yield multi-crop foliar fertilizer).

Treated Spent wash cannot be used as fertilizer for bitter gourd

(Momordica charantia)
C. Procedures

Acquisition of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia).

- Bitter gourd seeds that will be needed in the experiment will be acquired

from an agri-vet store.

Classification of the acquired bitter gourd

- The samples bitter gourd seeds will then be classified according to its

variety.

Acquisition of Treated Spent wash

- Treated spent wash needed in the experiment will be acquired from San

Carlos Bioenergy Inc. in San Carlos City Negros Occidental.

Preparation of the Samples
- The sample bitter gourd seeds were formed into groups A, B, C.

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Groups 1a, 2a and 3a for treated spent wash, groups 1b, 2b and 3b for

commercial fertilizer (mega yield multi-crop foliar fertilizer) and groups 1c, 2c

and 3c for Control Variable. Each plot will have 1 seed of bitter gourd.
Preparation of the treatments

- The researcher will prepare three treatments only; treatment A which will

be applied on plant 1a, 2a, and 3a contains a mixture of 50 mL of treated spent

wash and 100mL of water every pot. Treatment B which will be applied on plant

1b, 2b, and 3b contains a mixture of 50 mL of commercial fertilizer (mega yield

multi-crop foliar fertilizer) and 100mL of water every pot and Controlled group or

the plants C which is pot 1c, 2c, and 3c contains 150 mL of water.

Plotting the Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia)

- The researcher will plot the seeds directly in a soil. Each of the plants

then will be labeled base on the treatment.

Plotting of the Seeds

Plant
Plant Plant
1b 2b 3b 1c 2c 3c
1a 2a 3a
Bitter gourd applied
Bitter gourd applied Bitter gourd with no
with Commercial
with Treated Spent treatment applied
Fertilizer (mega
Wash
(Controlled group)
yield multi-crop

foliar fertilizer)
Figure 1. Plotting of the Seedlings and Application of Treatments

Applying the Treatment to the Samples of Bitter Gourd (Momordica

charantia)

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- The treatment will be applied every 7 days. Treatment will be applied in

the morning from 6-7 A.M

Observations

- 9 Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia) seeds will be observed every 7 days in

28 days. To identify any changes, the researcher will measure the Height of the

bitter gourd. A table will be made to record the changes.

Final Analysis

- After 28 days, the researcher will finalize the measurements.

Characteristics namely, the average growth of the plant in terms of the height of

the plant.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

State of Hawaii. 2016. “Highway Manual for Sustainable Landscape Maintenance,” 211–40.

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Allé, Bygdøy. 1999. “ABC Guide to Mineral Fertilizers A Basic Handbook on Fertilizers and

Their Use.” http://yara.com/doc/3733_abc_of_mineral_fertilizers.pdf.

Universty, Adana, and Industry Joint. n.d. “TO FERTILIZER INDUSTRIES BY Fertilizers

Inorganic Acids : Fertilizers Alkalizes :”

“Biofertilizers.” n.d.

Selvamurugan, M, P Doraisamy, and M Maheswari. n.d. “Biomethanated Distillery Spentwash

and Pressmud Biocompost as Sources of Plant Nutrients for Groundnut ( Arachis Hypogaea

L .).”

Lant, Officinarum L P, P Rath, G Pradhan, and M K Misra. n.d. “B OTANY E FFECT OF D

ISTILLERY S PENT W ASH ( DSW ) AND F ERTILIZER ON G ROWTH AND C

HLOROPHYLL C ONTENT OF S UGARCANE ( S ACCHARUM” 3 (4): 169–76.

Rath, P, G Pradhan, and M K Mishra. 2010. “E FFECT OF S UGAR F ACTORY D ISTILLERY

S PENT W ASH ( DSW ) ON THE G ROWTH P ATTERN OF S UGARCANE ( S

ACCHARUM OFFICINARUM ) C ROP” 2 (5): 33–39.

Chidankumar, C. S., and S. Chandraju. 2009. “Impact of Distillery Spentwash Irrigation on the

Yields of Some Condiments: An Investigation.” Sugar Tech 11 (3): 303–6.

doi:10.1007/s12355-009-0053-1.

(Mildew, Powdery, Fusariam Wilt, Downey Mildew, and Bitter Gourd Mosaic. n.d. “Bitter

Gourd, “ 5-6)

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Goel, Sarika. n.d. “Distillery Spent Wash : Problems and Solutions,” 191-95.

http://bkpindia.net/pdf/effect_of_chemical_fertilizer.pdf&ved=0ahUKEwiy2e6zy8TWAhWGU7

wKHfdIAVUQFggbMAA&usg=AFQjCNHIRNzoF4AIOR#WQLwjGbe_8qMh4w

http://nhb.gov.in/pdf/vegetable/bittergourd/bit002.pdf&ved=0ahUKEwjwh7u_xMTWAhVBqpQ

KHbVGAcQQFggpMAI&usg=AFQjCNEGStheV9WjkiAF3SPdcmRyJ5g0Q

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