Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
of School improvement
But, why?
Data
5
The need of information
6
• They have tended to rely on the producers of data –
IT people and accountants – to provide this
information for them
• But the producers of data cannot possibly know
what data the users need so that such data can
become information
7
So,
8
To produce information, start with
these two questions:
1. “What information do I need myself ? And from
whom? And in what form? And in what time
frame?”
2. “What information do I owe to the people with
whom I work and on whom I spend? And in what
form? And in what time frame?”
9
Data Versus Information
10
Knowledge Versus Wisdom
• Knowledge is a clear and certain perception of something; the act,
fact, or state of understanding. Knowledge involves both knowing
how, which is generally more tacit knowledge, and knowing about,
which is more explicit knowledge (Webster, 1961;Grant, 1996).
• Wisdom is the user’s ability to make the best and most proper use
of knowledge in establishing the basis for decision making and for
actually making the decision to achieve the desired goals. It involves
exercising wise judgments between right or wrong and good or
bad; considering all pertinent factors and their relationships; and
being consistent with the universal laws (Mohamad Fauzan
Noordin)
Awash with data
• Data are not “out there”. They are, and should be, an
important part of an ongoing process of analysis,
insights, new learning, and changes in practice in all
schools and districts.
• Data provide tools for the investigation necessary to
plan appropriate and improvement strategies.
• Synthesizing and organizing data in different ways
stimulates reflection and conjecture about the nature
of the problem under consideration.
Thinking differently about data