Problems

 we  have  discussed  -­‐  Structure    

1)  Nouns  (countable  &  uncountable  nouns  –  singular  &  plural  nouns).  
2)  Sentence  –  must  have  (at  least)  a  subject  &  a  verb.  
Engineers  are  needed  for  work  on  the  new  space  program.  
3)  Objects  of  preposi@ons.  
The  interviews  by  radio  broadcaster  were  carried  live  by  the  sta>on.  
4)  Apposi@ves.  
Tom,  a  really  good  mechanic,  is  fixing  the  car.  
5)  Present  par@ciples  &  past  par@ciples.  
The  man  talking  to  his  friend  has  a  beard.  
The  Poem  wriBen  by  Paul  appeared  in  the  magazine.  
6)  Coordinate  connectors  (and,  but,  or,  so,  yet)  
 Tom  is  singing,  and  Paul  is  dancing.  
Tom  is  tall,  but  Paul  is  short.  
Tom  must  writer  the  leBer,  or  Paul  will  do  it.  
Tom  told  a  joke,  so  Paul  laughed.  
Tom  is  >red,  yet  he  is  not  going  to  sleep.  
Problems  we  have  discussed  -­‐  Structure    
7)  Time  &  cause  connectors  
Teresa  went  inside  because  it  was  raining.  
8)  Other  adverb  connectors.  
Bob  went  to  school  even  though  he  was  sick.  
9)  Subject  –  Verb  agreement:  
a.  APer  preposi@onal  phrases.  
The  keys  to  the  door  are  in  the  drawer.  
b.  Expressions  of  quan@ty.  
All  of  the  informa>on  was  interes>ng.  
c.  Inverted  verbs.  
Behind  the  house  were  the  bicycles  I  wanted.  
d.  Certain  words.  
Everybody  is  going  to  the  theater.  
Problems  we  have  discussed  -­‐  Structure    
10) Parallel  structure.  
a.  Coordinate  conjunc@ons  (and,  but,  or).  
She  is  not  a  teacher  but  a  lawyer.  
You  can  stay  home  or  go  to  the  movies  with  us.  
My  boss  is  sincere  and  nice.  
The  papers  are  on  my  desk  or  in  the  drawer.  
I  am  here  because  I  have  to  be  and  because  I  want  to  be.  
b.  Paired  conjunc@ons.  
I  know  both  where  you  went  and  what  you  did.  
Either  Mark  or  Sue  has  the  book.  
The  >ckets  are  neither  in  my  pocket  nor  in  my  purse.  
He  is  not  only  an  excellent  student  but  also  an  outstanding  
athlete.  
c.  Comparisons.  
What  is  wriBen  is  more  easily  understood  than  what  is  spoken.  
The  work  that  I  did  is  similar  to  the  work  that  you  did.  
Problems  we  have  discussed  -­‐  Structure    
11) Adjec@ves.  
a.  The  form  of  Compara@ve  and  Superla@ve  adjec@ves.  
Bob  is  taller  than  Ron.  
Bob  is  the  tallest  man  in  the  room.  
b.  The  use  of  Compara@ves  and  Superla@ves.  
The  history  class  is  larger  than  the  math  class.  
c.  The  use  of  irregular  –er,  –er  structure.  
The  harder  you  work,  the  more  you  accomplish.  

12) Verbs.  
a.  APer  have  use  the  past  par@ciple  (verb  3).  
We  have  seen  the  show.  
b.  APer  be  use  the  present  par@ciple  or  the  past  par@ciple.  
We  are  doing  our  homework.  
The  homework  was  done  early.  
Problems  we  have  discussed  -­‐  Structure    
12) Verbs.  
c.  APer  modals,  use  the  base  form  of  the  verb.  
The  boat  will  leave  at  3:00.  
The  doctor  may  arrive  soon.  
The  students  must  take  the  exam.  
d.  Know  when  to  use  the  past  with  the  present.    
He  takes  his  money  when  he  wants  it.  
I  know  that  he  took  the  money  yesterday.  
e.  Use  have  and  had  correctly.  
She  has  lived  in  Los  Angeles  for  ten  years.  
Sue  had  lived  in  Los  Angeles  for  ten  years  when  she  moved  to  San  
Diego.  
f.  Use  the  correct  tense  with  @me  expressions.  
We  moved  to  New  York  in  1980.  
We  had  leV  there  by  1990.  
We  have  lived  in  San  Francisco  since  1999.  
Problems  we  have  discussed  -­‐  Structure    
12) Verbs.  
g.  Use  the  correct  tense  with  will  and  would.  
I  know  that  he  will  arrive  soon.  
It  was  certain  that  he  would  graduate.  
h.  Use  the  correct  form  of  passive.  
The  project  will  be  finished  by  Tim.  
i.  Recognize  ac@ve  and  passive  meanings.  
We  mailed  the  package  at  the  post  office.  
The  leBer  was  mailed  today  before  noon.  
Problems  we  have  discussed  -­‐  Structure    
13) Nouns.  
a.  Use  the  correct  singular/plural  nouns.  
There  were  many  dishes  on  the  table.  
The  lab  assistant  finished  every  test.  
Use  with  singular  nouns:  each,  every,  single,  one,  a  
Use  with  plural  nouns:  both,  two,  many,  several,  various  
b.  Dis@nguish  countable  and  uncountable  nouns.  
He  has  seen  many  foreign  films.  
He  didn’t  have  much  fun  at  the  movies.  
For  countable  nouns:  many,  number,  few,  fewer  
For  uncountable  nouns:  much,  amount,  liBle,  less  
c.  Recognize  irregular  plurals  of  nouns.  
The  syllabus  for  the  courses  is  included  in  the  packet  of  
materials.  
The  syllabi  for  the  courses  are  included  in  the  packet  of  
materials..  
Problems  we  have  discussed  -­‐  Structure    
13) Nouns.  
d.  Dis@nguish  the  person  from  the  thing.  
The  famous  actor  has  appeared  in  more  than  fiVy  Broadway  
plays.  (person)  
Paula  studied  ac>ng  in  New  York.  (thing)  
e.  Dis@nguish  subject  and  object  pronouns.  
Sally  gave  the  book  to  John.  
She  gave  it  to  him.  
f.  Dis@nguish  possessive  adjec@ves  and  pronouns.  
They  lent  me  their  book.  
They  lent  me  theirs.  
g.  Check  pronoun  reference  for  agreement.  
The  boys  will  cause  trouble  if  you  let  them.  
Everyone  must  give  his  or  her  name.  
Problems  we  have  discussed  -­‐  Structure    
14) More  on  Adjec@ves  and  Adverbs.  
a.  Use  basic  adjec@ve  and  adverb  correctly.  
She  is  a  beau>ful  woman.  (beau>ful=adjec>ve)  
She  sings  beau>fully.  (beau>fully=adverb)  
She  is  a  beau>fully  dressed  woman.  
She  is  a  truly  beau>fully  dressed  woman.  
b.  Use  adjec@ve  aPer  linking  verbs.  
Linking  verbs:  
Appear    Feel    Seem  
Be    Look    Smell  
Become  Prove    Taste  
 
He  looks  nice.  
The  parents  seem  angry  about  the  child’s  report  card.  
Problems  we  have  discussed  -­‐  Structure    
14) More  on  Adjec@ves  and  Adverbs.  
c.  Posi@on  Adjec@ve  and  adverb  correctly.  
Adjec>ve  comes  before  noun  it  describes.  
Adverb  can  appear  in  many  posi>ons.  It  cannot  be  used  between  
a  verb  and  its  object.  
The  store  opened  with  a  fantas>c  sale.  
The  pharmacist  has  always  filled  our  order  quickly.  
d.  Use  –ed  and  –ing  adjec@ve  correctly.  
The  cleaning  woman  worked  on  the  car.  (ac>ve  meaning)  
The  woman  put  the  cleaned  car  back  in  the  garage.  (passive  
meaning)  
Problems  we  have  discussed  -­‐  Listening    
Problems  we  have  discussed  -­‐  Listening    
Problems  we  have  discussed  -­‐  Listening    
Problems  we  have  discussed  -­‐  Listening    
Problems  we  have  discussed  -­‐  Listening