railway artifacts

THIS PROJECT LOOKS AT THE DEVELOPMENT OF STATIONS THROUGH TIME, WITH A PARTICULAR CLOSE UP TO WA-
TERLOO STATION AND HOW IT EVOLVED WITH THE INCREASE OF POPULATION AND EVOLVING NEEDS OF THE PUBLIC
changing stations: expansion with time
how programs have evolved in waterloo station

1848

1878

1885

Ticket Office

Waiting Area

1848 waterloo with ramp for carraige access, people used to be dropped off at
Dining
front
Multiple offices

Ticket/Waiting/Dining

what makes waterloo unique is that it has expanded gradually over time without distroying the older
parts. stations used to be very simple, as it expanded more waiting areas and leasure facilities
are added.
OB2 techtonic task
bristol temple meads fragment

location of bristol temple meeds in the UK

station drawing
bristol temple meads station: facade
a dairy from paris
pictures, sketches and observations

STATION JOVEL

the station stands clearly yet sensitive-

ly and humbly to scale. you can see the
iconic french art nouveaux color green,
bits and peices of paris around.
construction site incasing the buidling,
like a mote protecting a castle.
the streets are bus with people rushing
for the commute. having a chat or even
having a smoke at the entance.
the main building has a smaller attache-
ment to the side.
the interior almost has a middle eastern
or subsaharan dessert feel (sand).
24 decorated panels and the two at the
edges have a floral centre engulfed by a
dual leafy pattern on each corner
entance --> check --> destination
the varsity line: past future and present

the project outlines the design of recreational cafe within the velocity
contect. it’s an expiremental space where people can grow berries and
have a sheletered space to consume them, meet up, if needed.
mapping: schools and nature reserves on varsity line

Universities

Colleges Adult and sixth form

Bible
Boarding

Six form

Language

Schools Primary

Religious

Nursary

Forest Schools

Other Acitivites

map of different educational institutions in the carsity line links between schools and reserves in varsity line cycle line schools reserves villages

1) 2) 3)

Forest schools are non con- only bible college in the A site was chosen. the highest
MAPPING OBSERVATIONS: ventional schools that allow whole Varsity Line span area Milton Keynes concentration of schools with
students to learn from being is in Bletchley close proximity to natural
outdoor, it is usually limit- reserves is milton keynes,
ed to nursery school bletchley
the blue lagoon nature reserve

Cambridge

Milton Keynes

Milton Keynes

blue lagoon reserve

Oxford

Oxford

blue lagoon boundary

the blue lagoon: schools and connectivity

all schools in the area are reachable within a 20 minute

walk from the site

1.
5
ki
lo
me
te
r=
15
mi
nu
te
s
1.8
kilo
mete
r= 1
7 mi
nute nutes
s 0.2 kilometers= 3 mi

schools around in close proximity to blue lagoon map of schools walking distances to site, finding a midpoint that
is close to both site access and schools
blue lagoon: the enviroment an growth

THE WINTER SUN THE SUMMER SUN PREVIALING WINDS to summarize..

1000

750
7 AM

500 good exposure to sun all year round

250

consistant rain, average of 13 days a month

0
W E

10 AM

not too windy

7 AM SW

1 PM

ideal enviroment for wildlife

tree dense, blocks most winds
10 AM

1 PM

examples of plants and wildlife that are plants.. over 200 species have been recorded in the area
in the area:

bee orchird common rogworts red champion tansy spotted medick flowering rush
the site can accomodate different
plants, all which have dissimilar
conditions of growth
conditions of growth.

habitat grassland wasteland woodland grassland coastal/grassland grassland

sun

moisture
THE BLUE LAGOON: SITE ACCESS AND TOPOGRAPHY

forest(dense tree coverage)

grassland (open area)

water body

vehicular access

railway

pedestrian path

access to the site

berry recreational cafe
choosing a location in blue lagoon

what are we looking for in a site? the chosen site (shown in red)

accesibility: ideally close to access points space for structure and sunlight proximity to water source

open spaces forest(dense tree coverage)

the more open the space = more sunlight

target users --> school children schools sorrounding site finding a midpoint between schools that meets the criteria
berry recreational cafe in blue lagoon
programme and design approach

PROGRAMME (+ spaces needed) DESIGN FEATURES

a reacreational cafe, an expiremental space where people can grow ber- a structure which capitalises on the use of shadow and light by mate-
ries and have a sheletered space to consume them, meet up, if needed. riality, for the optimal growth of the berries and also relecting the
character of the site.

1) keeping the building as open as possible

2) make allotments part of the building (roof? steps?)

3) no food or water served

allotment space for growing berries
(black and reducurrants)
4) try to acquire materials from site

WHY red and blackcurrants?

easy to grow
water=light soil=heavy/dark
can be grown in same soil pot
allotment part of the building
can thrive in conditions pro-
vided in site
can be grown in shallow pots
mini 40 cm deep materiality that reflects site

storage space

try to use materials available at site

semi-sheletered space to sit and en-

joy berries keep building open and inviting

no door with door

the site in context: blue lagoon

a a
SECTION AA

SECTION BB
idea development: berry recreational cafe

shape still too complex simpler shape

two stories for dining not needed

better external/internal relationship due to glazing allotment influences shape of roof

no relationship between allotment and internal space

viewing space uneccesary and limited to one side storage space included

stairs not blending well with design

confusing entrances staraight forward entrance

stepped roof

the distinction between thicknesses allows for a di-

vision of space without being separated . the stepped
edges influencing the roof shape gives the user an
idea of something happening on the other side, as well
as provide a more effiencent use of space.

thick structural wall

Nha trang by Vo traing Nghia & Masaaki Iwamoto
refining the design

space division

ISSUE OF NO LIGHT
allotment

dining

storage

space is too dark better, but takes away from the feeling of so-
lidity of of the wall

slits through the steps makes more sense

lets in light and sneak peak of allotment

STAIRCASE BETWEEN LEVELS

MAKING SPACE FOR PEOPLE PROGRAM CHANGE

allotment

dining

storage

adaptable space

stepped garden with stairs connecting levels

THIS CREATES AN EXTERNAL SPACE

FOR BOTH PEOPLE AND PLANTS
initial models: expirmenting with light and materiality

concrete rammed earth

polycarbonate
glass

wood

light dark

the shadow and light create a beautiful interlay with sharp edges in this model, one sharp light, with a more gentle gradient of darkness sorrounding

the choice of materials gives a more intimate and warm experience, de-
spite the fact it’s partially exposed
model: expirmenting with materiality

materiality test/ frosted glass materiality test/ rammed earth with slits matteriality test/rammed earth without slits

frosted glass, the space feels bland and cold. using rammed earth with slits has no effect on unslitted but textured rammed earth prefered,
the shadows are diluted the shaodows cast. gives feeling of privacy

material test/ white polycarbonate materiality test/ trasnlusent polycaronate

no sense of what’s outside translusent polycarbonate shows a little of the

outside
the proposal

site plan 1:200

the proposal

SITE SECTION 1:200

the proposal

elevation 1:50
the proposal

1:50 roof plan inhabited

the proposal

1:50 ground floor plan inhabited

section 1:50

6.0mm (1/4")
“Plate Glass”, Builders
standard, strongest
quality securely
integrated into stair
Timber flooring finish on
plywood base for added Rammed earth wall to
stablity. be constructed in layers
in order to result in
Timber flooring to be layered aesthetic
treated with Shellac.
Rigid insulation within
All plywood to be marine rammed earth all cavity.
grade suitable for Steel reinforcement to
external use. rammed earth wall.
Wall fixing plate between
rammed earth all and
Regular cross timber timber supports.
supports to form stair All fixings to be in
treads, stainless steel to avoid
rusting.

Rear wall in a
Weight of planting pots polyesterboard finish.
to determine the size of
the structure beneath.
Soffit of stair to match
the materiality of the
stairs.

Concrete footing.

Concrete foundation.
Ground line

Floor plate fixing

structure to concrete
footing.
Concrete footing.
case study : CENTRAL STATION NEW YORK

Accessibilty and Lighting Strategies

Accessibilty & wayfinding Lighting Strategy

Natural Light Artficial Light

The flamboyant main entrance is on the corner of the building so it can as you This leads you through a passage into the main concourse.
walk down the 3 streets that lead to it.

Hanging chandeliers light up passages and halls.

Primary source of light in main concourse is large windows.

In the centre of the main concourse is an information booth with a clock. From A departure board in the main concourse with ticket counters
here you can see that other levels and tracks are inscribed on the walls. and machines underneath.
Artificial lighting is used to draw attention to details such as
the clock in the main concourse.

Large windows on facade and in roof light up the whole

concourse.

From the main concourse elevators take you to the Metlife Building which is Or you can take the shuttle to the subway.
where the tracks are. Artficial lighting throughout the station allows light to be
controlled and supports the main natural lighting.
CASE STUDY: CENTRAL STATION

Overview of the Grand Central Terminal Station

History and urban context of the station Programme of the station

Key:
1 Information booth and clock
2 Ramp to basement
3 Vanderbilt Hall
4 Escalators to platforms
5 Ticket counters and machines
6
6 Waiting room
4

5
2

Opened in 1871, designed by John B. Snook, and
served 3 seperate rail lines, each independently
operated. Was known as Grand Central Depot.
By 1900 it was known as Grand Cen-
tral Station. Was situated next to the
Hotel Manhattan.
3
1 3
A train crash in 1902 highlighted the need
for electric trains leading to the station being
expanded.

Ground Floor 1:1250

Key:
8
7 Taxi waiting area
7
8 Apple store

Balcony

Key:
9 Grand Central Oyster Bar
10 Ticket Machines
10

9
The station was torn down and replaced During WW2, murals encouraging people to buy In the 1960s the station was nearly demolished
with Grand Central Terminal, completed war bonds were installed. but was saved by a historic preservation move- 9
in 1913. ment.
Basement

Measuring survey

There are 44 platforms with 67 tracks. The tracks are on two levels,
with 41 tracks in the upper and 26 tracks in the lower level. The build-
ing is a total of 190000 m2.

7 different location to purchase tickets

Riders can now choose from 28 machines across six locations in Grand
In the 1990s the station was restored, Every day an estimated 750000 people pass The station is now surrounded by skyscrapers and Central, including the packed cluster opposite Track 32.
including the famous ceiling which had suf- through the station. has a busy road in front of it
fered from decades of smoke.
case study : CENTRAL STATION NEW YORK

GRAND CENTRAL STATION

Designed in the Beaux-Arts style by Reed and

Stem (overall design) and Warren and Wetmore
(some alterations. The Beaux-Arts style is char- MATERIALITY: EXTERIOR MATERIALITY: INTERIOR
acterized by the use of the principles of french
neoclasicism and also aspects of gothic and ren-
naisance with the use of modern materials. 1) GRANITE 1) STONE

is used as building stone for both facade and Uses a variety of stones
DURABILITY structure at Grand Central.

Granite Lime Stone Caen Stone Bottocino Marble Pink Tennese Concrete
Marble
Polution damage on exterior limestone and gran-
ite and celestrial ceiling, which had to be restored.
A VISUAL TOUR THROUGH WINSLOW
from south to north based on pevsner’s thoeries on town planning

1 2 3 4

the start of the journey at Horn Street ” an area to the back of winslow’s market Market Square is the largest open-public-space in Winslow. it is a vivaious space, stepping out of the market square and moving onto the highstreet. it marks its start contniuing on the highstreet, you can spot some occasional patches of greenary. the

square. . it is mainly a residential area, a quiet and narrow road despite the proximity live music can also be heard during certain times of the year, as well as people chat- with a realestate agency, a restauarant, post office and a few other commerical build- building highlighted in yellow is a residential buidling which uses trees and hedges

to the loud and very open market square ting and socialising. it was used previously as a weekly market space, but now it ings. Though the most stunning view which takes over the street is the 15th centure crearinf a little private haven in this highly public and busy area.

is a farmer’s market every first sunday of the month. it is an important part of the “st. lawrence church”. it’s almost as if the church is blessing the future of winslow

town’s communal spirit, as it is completely run by volunteers and tries to stick to as it continues to expand

high-quality local produce

5 6 7

the oldest and denset part of the highstreet, most of the buildings there have been as we walk further, the sreets get quieter, it gets greener, buildings decrease in bridging past and present, nature and the urban. this is a view of the bridge that

remodelled during the 19th century, but glimpses of the past can still be seen from the height and shops move further and further apart and the ones that do stand blend more goes over the disused railway, brick by brick. covering up the past it should embrace

symmetry, use of stone and brick and the occasional sash window into the residential spirit. it becomes hard to believe we are still on the highstreet

8 9

map of winslow with locations of visual tour indicated

trees, shrubs and muds engulf what’s left of the steel past. nature taking over and all we step off the bridge, through slippery surfaces muddying our shoes. looking towards

that we can see is a silver lining disspearing into the horizon a bridge, a man made brick artificact standing on the idle tracks that are engulfed

in time. it’s a sad sight to see, a once proud place of progress completely abandoned
RE-OPENING THE VARSITY LINE
the varsity line in wider context and its impact on winslow

PROPOSED VARSITY LINE

STATIONS IN USE

DISUSED STATIONS

RIVERS

ROADS

TOWNS AND CITIES

WINSLOW

1:400000

map of the varsity line between oxford and cambridge including future proposals

VeloCity objective:

“to provide highquaility, low-cost housing, retain identities of existing villages

and to introduce light-touch, low-cost infrastructure connected to public trans-

port”

VeloCity themes

3
1 2 The modern day picturesque; re-
Building successful communi-
tain character,creating high den-
Putting bicycle first ties: housing mix, tenure and
sity compact development, mixed
supporting social infrastruc-
tenure and shared open-spaces
ture

4
5
Living landscape: active and
Light touch living: a more sus-
passive recreation “back gar-
tainable planning approach
den”
WINSLOW THROUGH HISTORY

1890
1880 1920 1970

town mainly conentrating around south and highstreet further developments east and a bit of expansion north city centre hasn’t really expanded from early days but

past the station, but new residential areas concentrated

in the west and east.

winslow town has not expanded beyond the

railway line, even now. there seems to be

a divide.
winslow in context

London Buckingham Cambridge Oxford

map showing Winslow’s current city centre map of current housing winslow future proposed housing Green spaces

map of tranortation flow from nearby towns/cities to winslow starts organically at old parts and then becomes quite

patterned at new developmental areas

winslow has no registered park, a

new station or area will need to

address that and conserve whatever

greenary there is

how long of a journey? age demographics Winslow and VeloCity on a hill

Population age in winslow “cluster”

40
0-9 YEARS
working age
1-19 YEARS
median age in the U.K is
85 min 14 min 77 min 50 min
<65
20-29 YEARS proposal of station site on higher altitude area, which gives the passenger an overview of town
>16
30-39 YEARS
and winslow hall and it’s tress, which is the 2nd highest point of winslow after the edges of the

44
40-49 YEARS
a large proportion of the popula-
disused railwat.
50-59 YEARS
100 min 20 min 150 min 90 min
tion of winslow are mature.
60-69 YEARS median age in Winslow is

70-79 YEARS

80+ YEARS how are we goning to make winslow

majority of people moving to Winslow are over 65, any new
favorable to the young?
delevelopments needs to cater to that and to also find

ways to encourage young prople to move.

means of transportation current housing disturbution master plan proposal 1: a new centre

Housing distirbution in Winslow

travel by car/motocycle/van
Owner-occupied/private rent
young old
travel by public transport
social rental

other means/ work at home

Housing distirbution nationally

this porposal seeks to cereate a new centre for the young

Owner-occupied/private rent

this leads people use mostly cars as a mean of trasnport, a on north of the train station, as well as to keep housing
social rental Winslow topography

new station will hopefully stop that proobelm. in the outskirts of it. instead of the proposed housing
social rental
to the west, west/south of the tracks i would like to keep
LOWER ALTITUDE HIGHER ALTITUDE
it as a public park, which winslow is lacking.
winslow in context
the character of winslow town

chacater of the area:

Winslow town is mainly residental with access to some leisure facil-

itiesm, the town’s commericail facilities are mainly contained to

south part of the highstreet. the sorrounding areas are residential

and agrigultural land.

cornered entrance was inspring for

my first iteration of design

Areas of interest
the symmetry of this building inspired the axi-

al properties of my design

residential

commercial

institution

leisure

church

insdustrial Winslow Hall Disused railway bridge Cappadocian Maple

grade 1 listed and distictly the character of the brick, one of the oldest of 8 in the

part of winslow’s character overgrown shrubs, and graffi- world and as winslow doesn’t

from the 1700s. ti. bridging old and new have any registered parks,

it’s a beautiful site.

winslow in detail
a closer look at bricks colours, bonds and textures through out winslow

most buildings in winslow are a brick con-

struction, the pictures below show the ver-

atality in which brick can be applied.

color palette of winslow

majority of buildings are made of red brick, the at certain angles, the bright parts of the bricks

newer ones adopting the stretcher bond shown. that are constrated almost gave a shine.
site close-up
forms and materiality

map showing location of site in winslow map showing site vegetation

the cutle curves in the road guides the pas-

senger to the site, The buildings sorrounding

are primarily brick, which offers a nice con-

trast to the greenary in the site.

red stretcher bond brick, it was chosen for

brick that’s cpvered with white paint curve on the entrance to site, guiding the movement
my material choice
of people through town
site opportunities and constraints
Winslow urban opportunities,landscape and proposals

4 stories

picturesque setting

height restriction/ sensitivity to context by not deviat- dramatic scenary for station
ing from heigh no registered public parks, so important to preserve what
greenary exists

nature taking over the dereilict rail

difficult acccess to site

arch brick detail stands out

busy streets around the site and traffic light and shadow frames views
clay and damp ground conditions
users
patterns, time and facilities

business people school children tourists commuters lecturers families

use: station as an use: to travel to and from school use: station as a point use: to travel to use: winslow station as a use: station from transport
easy meeting place or travel outside winsow of interest when visiting and from work transitional place to and and a social space
winslow from oxford/cambridge

time spent: time spent: time spent: time spent:15 min- time spent: depends on time spent: 2 hours or
30 min-2 hours 30 minutes 30 minutes 1 hour freuquency of trains. more

peak use: weekdays 8 am-6 pm peak use: weekdays 8 am peak use: weekends and peak use: 9 am and 6 pm peak use: infrequent. peak use: weekends
-3pm holidays, 10am to 5 pm weekdays weekdays 9 am and 6 pm

facilities needed: quiet seat- facilities needed: cafe and facilities needed: staff, facilities needed: cafe and facilities needed: waiting facilities needed: social
ing area and food waiting area reeception and winslow info waiting space space, cafe, book exchange? space
program development

INTERNAL STATION FACILITIES RELATION

typical facilities in station ADD

ticket office green space good for people

lacking in winslow
necessary connection
for quick package drop
concourse self-post
off

direct connection
book exchange for reading waiting
restrooms

monthly market alternative to winslow indirect

platforms market

cafe

waiting area

ENTRANCE
bike parking

station ser-
vices area

police station there’s one in proximity

post office provided in winslow

provided and close to station

bank
ATM/POST

ticket gates no need for extra security TICKETS

accomodation not many outsiders visiting and staying fo eextended times

atm

new
highstreet WAITING AREA CAFE
EXTERNAL RELATIONSHIP WITH SORROUNDING

station
PARK
+ social
BOOK
hub WC
EXCHANGE
CONCOURSE

old high
street
masterplan development

option 1: pedestrian zone/ restricted ac- option 1: sstation on track, social space-
cess facing street

early station masterplan. extend the highstreet beyond the railway

station and residential spaces sorrounding. creating a new centre
without compromising integrity of old centre by finding a meeting
point that connects both (the bridge)

pros: pros:
complaints of community addressed regarding complaints of community addressed regarding
traffic need for social space
more incentive to use station
opportunity for highstreet to extend

cons: no more division

cons:
main road for transport blocked

main road for transport slowed

option 2: station on bridge how would we approach station?

station connecting past and pres-

ent of winslow

station early masterplan

pros:
unique opportunity to incoporate bridge
into design

cons:

entrance is tricky

can be a little obstrusice

DESIGN STARTEGIES

making nature a part of the building keeping a constant view on the train Having view of the bridge incorprating the vernacular

station briding two parts of the visibility of station different entrances

city, two time periods
masterplan

inspiration for park

HI this pavement was spotted dur-

GH
ST ing a field trip with the tu-
RE
ET tors in london, what i found
interesting is the way floors
can be used as social spaces
or different functions, de-
pending on level of steps and
paving style. I encorporated
these sunken seats in the park
in the masterplan.

sunken seating

PARK

STATION

pavement incasing tree pattern to lead movement

recessed steps for sitting

massing development

IDEA 1
IDEA 2

reflection of the bridge

orsneak peak

the massing models helped me

realise things about the shape
of my buikding and how it sits
on site. I also realised that
i Wwill need a large atrium to
let in light, as it’s quite dark
in the slope
initial two entrance and straight bridge de-
curved bridge gives more opportunity for
sign doesn’t facilitilate for people lei-
space without compromising site, more en-
surely walking
joyable for walking.
straight deisgn looks alien
deconsructing the arch
experimentation with shapes and details of sorrounding

THE MOST PROMINANT FEATURE OF THE SITE IS THE ARCH. IT MADE

SENSE TO DRAW ATTENTION TO THIS FEATURE

THE ARCH IN PLAN IS MERELY A RECTANGLE AND

IS MYSTERIOUS TO WHAT IS BELOW
THE TRADITIONAL ARCH, HOLLOWED OUT, FOCUSES filled in 3d arch
OR FRAMES THE VIEW

PLAYING WITH PERSPECTIVES CAN DISTORT SHAPE FILLED OUT ARCH GIVES A MORE ROCUST APPEAR-
OF THE ARCH ANCE

section of the viaducts

structure if inlaid fully with bricks

understanding the staggerring effect of the arch
details of vaults facade staggered arch detail gives dramatic effect
by use of header face of brick
development of the balcony

intially it was meant to be square, but it each atrium curve represented a function, bathrooom to the side still took too much bathroom pushed to the back is better but axis is lost
didnt work well with the rugged landscap and but that idea didn’t work out, it took away space
now curved front from the beauty of the void and axiality in-
tially wanting to achieve

rs
stai bathroom
train and
post tickets lift
times

airs
cafe a n d st
lift

access access
bathroom

starting to expirement with curved walls

perspective external

direct view and axis of design

from door to window, alligns
with tracks

testing curves within the atrium and see-

ing how many would be ideal in terms of
design
wall development

the materials used were plater of paris and clay, as

they are closest in properties to brick material for

the facade. the curved wall cast a beautiful transient

shaodw

columns are placed inside of wall to give feeling of

continuity and distinction from exposed balcony

nottingham contemporary gallery, plants imprinted pm

conrete. this is the effect i would like to have in

my concrete internal sopace, bringing the outside in.

instead of having a double brick wall

first floor plan of proposal: changes made

returned back to my initail atrium design,

inspipred by curves

bathrooms bery boxy compared to curves

stairs location changes to front, need ac-

cess

ticket office corner not a comfortable space

structure will change, more random column

placement, span too big

atrium doesn’t reflect balcony shape

show people on platform not just trains

offset walls inspired by the skewed 3 arches of the viaduct

1:200 model of the viaduct showing offset

floor detailing of atrium space
this opening just show the tracks
lining the balcony with a different the change of material will linewith col-
bits of platform shown in yellow
current balcony shape material helps intensifies the axi- umn
ality of the building despite being
skewed
valerio Olgiati uses two different
colors to distinquish the spaces be-
yong thr column and before
celine store, valerio olgiati
development of structure
i initially wanted only few columns in my design
to appear floating, but that was not possible due
to the span of my building. I used round columns
to soften the effect to blend with trees
columns initially applied only in change of
wall directions
the structure bucked and would not handle
any force due to the large span
300 cm round steel columns are used to
blend with sorrounding trees
columns were added into atrium and it he- photo from door to window of final struc-
more columns added this time followign a grid, the
loed with the buckling ture, axiality still achieved
skewed structure made it difficult, but it managed
to withstand lateral and compresion forces
museum roof in norway by aethetica studio.
columns blending with trees
valerio olgiati vila savoy structural grid
inspiration
ground plan 1:200
first floor 1:200
roof plan 1:200
section 1:100
section 1:200
elevation 1:200
 RIGID INSULATION
ZINC 2MM COPING

CONCRETE UPSTAND
section strip 1:20

VAPOUR CONTROL
LAYER
DAMP PROOF
COURSE

WALL TIES

200 300

30
100 100

STEEL COLUMN

300
STEEL BRACKET
STEEL CONNECTION
REINFORCEMENT PILE CAP
BARS
COMPACTED EARTH

PILE
3d views

frontal perspective
platform view

valerio olgiati zug shleife materiality inspiration for railings and

color of brick facae
on the curved bridge