128A GEOLOGY:FROST, PERMAFROST, FROZEN GROUND
surface motions. They also enabled a site-specific design
response spectrum to be developed with greater confi-
dence. -Authors
943040 Site amplification estimates in the Garigliano
Valley, central Italy, based on dense array measure-
ments of ambient noise
L. Malagnini, A. Rovelli, S. E. Hough & L. Seeber,
Bulletin - Seismological Society of America, 83(6), 1993,
pp 1744-1755.
A frequency-domain formulation of the Aki autocorrelation
method has been applied to seismic noise recorded by a
100-m wide circular array deployed on soft Holocene sedi-
ments in the Garigliano river valley, where a large amplifi-
cation of ground motion during earthquakes was experi-
enced. The application of this method to ambient noise
recordings demonstrates that microtremors in the valley are
dispersive and dominated by surface waves. The results
show that the spatial-correlation method can be useful to
infer-velocity structure down to depths of hundreds of
meters, when generalized geological informations are
available, and can thus provide useful constraints for
theoretical methodologies for the prediction of site
response. -from Authors
943041 A new method for the realistic estimation of
seismic ground motion in megacities: the case of Rome
D. Fah, C. Iodice, P. Suhadolc & G. F. Panza,
Earthquake Spectra, 9(4), 1993, pp 643-668.
A hybrid technique, based on mode summation and finite
differences, is used to simulate the ground motion induced
in the city of Rome by the January 13, 1915, Fucino (Italy)
earthquake (ML = 6.8). The technique allows the source,
path, and local-soil effects to be taken into consideration.
The results of the numerical simulations are used for a
comparison between the observed distribution of damage
in Rome, and the computed peak ground acceleration, the
maximum response of simple oscillators, and the so-called
'total energy of ground motion'. From the computation of
spectral ratios, it has been recognized that the presence of
a near-surface layer of rigid material is not sufficient to
classify a location as a 'hard-rock site' when the rigid
material has a sedimentary complex below it. This is
because the underlying sedimentary complex causes
amplifications due to resonances. -from Authors
943042 Analaysis of strong motion records from
Uttarkashi earthquake for assessment of code provi-
sions for different seismic zones
S . K . Jain & S. Das, Earthquake Spectra, 9(4), 1993, pp
739-754.
Strong motion records have been obtained at 13 stations
during the Uttarkashi earthquake of October 20, 1991
(magnitude 6.6). A study has been conducted on these time
histories to assess the codal provisions in India. Emphasis
of the study is on evaluating relative consistency of design
prowsmns for different seismic zones in India. It is seen
that for buildings in zones I, II, and III, the present design
provisions may be lowered either by relaxing the require-
ment of special ductile detailing, or by reducing the design
force. On the other hand, design provisions for zone IV
need to be revised upwards. -from Authors
943043 Evaluation of the capacity to reflect earth-
quakes for dynamic variation of oil wells (in Chinese)
Shao Yongxin, Li Yibing & Zhang Deyuan,
Earthquake (Beijing), 4, 1993, pp 52-57.
By using the data of precursory anomalies of oil wells in
Shengli, Dagang, Huabei and Liaohe oil fields, the capa-
city to reflect earthquakes for the dynamic variation of oil
wells during nine moderate and strong earthquakes that
occurred in North China is analysed and studied. The
results showed the oil wells have a high capacity to reflect
earthquakes and are an important o6servational item of
precursory anomalies. The sensitive area for reflecting
earthquakes is 100 to 300 km from the epicenter.
-from English summary
943044 Formation mechanism of microearthquake
swarm in the Yanguan area on the Yangtze Gorges (in
Chinese)
Yang Qingyuan, Chen Xiancheng, Ma Wentao, Hu
Yuliang, Hu Ping & Zhao Meng, Seismology & Geology,
15(2), 1993, pp 247-252.
The activity of the microearthquake swarm is limited to a
coal mining area. There are two types of microearthquake
in one the first motion is distributed in a quadrant, and it
belongs to a double-couple sliding focal mechanism, with
S wave energy higher than P wave energy. The other is the
extreme-low microearthquake type, with P wave energy
higher than S wave energy. The focal mechanisms are non-
double - couple. Both types are coal-mine tremors, which
cannot be considered as evidence for the northern exten-
sion of the Xiarmushan fault. -from English summary
943045 Topographic anisotropy of slickenside from
deep borehole sample in an earthquake swarm region
and its generation mechanism
Y. Kuwahara, N. Oyagi & H. Takahashi, Journal of
Physics of the Earth, 41(2), 1993, pp 75-85.
A slickenside was discovered from a boring core sample
1880 m deep in the Matsushiro earthquake swarm region in
Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The slickenside has been con-
sidered to be created by earthquake faulting during the
earthquake swarm period, because it accompanied fresh
rock powder produced by earthquake faulting. Thepower
spectral density of the topography of the slickenside was
measured with a stylus profilometer over the wavelength
range from 10-4 to 10Zm. The topography of the slicken-
side is found to show anisotropy in the spectral amplitude;
the amplitude perpendicular to the slip direction is two to
four times as large as that parallel to the slip direction. A
generation mechanism for such topographic anisotropy is
numerically modeled from a viewpoint of fracture mechan-
ics. -from Authors
Frost action, permafrost and frozen
ground
943046 Effet de I'inclinaison de la charge et stabitite
laterale de pieux flottants dans la glace ou le pergelisoi
(Effect of an axial load and lateral stability of floating
piles in ice or permafrost)
P. Morin, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 30(4), 1993,
pp 702-709.
The numerical modeling of the displacements of a pile in
frozen soil adds to the analytical partial solutions and
allows for a better understanding of the various parameters
involved. The present paper analyses the influence of an
axial load on a floating pile also subjected to lateral load-
ing. The frozen soil is simulated by a theological model
calibrated from available data from the literature. Two cir-
cular piles of different flexibility have been considered.
The significance of the lateral stability for such piles is dis-
cussed. -English summary
943047 The design and construction of u n d e r g r o u n d
hydraulic structures in permafrost
G . Y . Gevirtz, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol.
2, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 501-527.
The primary requirements for safe, large underground
structures in permafrost soils axe as follows, i) Detailed
studies of the engineering, geological, cryogenic, hydro-
geological, thermal and other conditions of the enclosing
rock, including their texture and the initial stress condi-
tions encountered by field investigations, ii) Justification
of the design, considering the chan~es in the modulus of
deformation and stress-strain condiuons of the rock mass,
and the work conditions, iii) Installation of chiefly pliable
linings (supports) capable of taking nonuniform loads, iv)
Permanent monitoring of the rock conditions during the
excavation; attention should be paid to the calculation of
adequate drilling and blasting to provide for the safety on
the structures and the enclosing rock. Field observations