1 | EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS (18EC2205) LABORATORY MANUAL 2019-2020

EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS
(18EC2205)
LABORATORY MANUAL
2019-2020

Course Coordinator
Dr. N.Prabakaran, Associate Professor

Course Instructors
Mr.Nagesh Mantravadi, Associate Dean
Mr.Venkata Suman, Assistant Professor
Mrs. K.V.Sowmya, Assistant Professor
Mrs.V.Teju, Assistant Professor
Mr. Khanal Madhav Prasad, Assistant Professor
Mr.K.T.P.S.kumar, Assistant Professor

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

(DST - FIST Sponsored Department)
KONERU LAKSHMAIAH EDUCATION FOUNDATION
(Deemed to be University estd, u/s, 3 of the UGC Act, 1956)
(NAAC Accredited “A++” Grated University)
Green Fields, Vaddeswaram Guntur District,
A.P., India – 522502
Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), NAAC - “A++”, Guntur, AP | ECE
 2 | EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS (18EC2205) LABORATORY MANUAL 2019-2020

GUIDELINES TO STUDENTS
1. All students should obey the university Rules and Regulation of dress code, as well as other
instruction time to time. If students failing to follow the rules they are not allowed to enter lab.
2. Students must be punctual for the experiment. Students who are unable to attend lab sessions (with
valid reasons) must inform the lab instructors through an official letter.
3. Components will be issued from components rack by lab staff. Every student must produce his
identity card for the purpose and all the components must be returned to lab staff after being used. If
any damage is occurred students must bear as per university norms.
4. Abuse of the laboratory hardware, software, and/or systems will result in dismissal from the lab
and disciplinary action will be taken as per university norms.
5. Do not unplug any electrical connection without prior consent from the lab in-charge.
6. Complete the pre-lab session work well before your regular lab session, without completion of the
pre-lab work the students are not allowed to perform the practical.
7. The marks (pre-lab, in-lab, post-lab and viva) are assigned for each experiment, make sure it is
completed before commencing next lab, fail to complete the work marks will be deducted.
8. Student are allowed to use the lab for practice the project work/ experiments when there is no lab
session in laboratory, prior permission must be obtained from the staff well before.

This lab session has three components: pre-lab session, in-lab session and post lab session.
The pre-lab work should complete at home well before the regular lab session.
The inlab component is performed in the laboratory at specified time slots.
The post-lab is performed outside of regular laboratory hours to complete the lab report.

Brief details of these sessions are given below:

Pre-lab work
1. Study and understand the work functions of the hardware components required for this lab.
2. Design and analysis the objective/aim of the given laboratory exercises.
3. Run the code given for examples and compile in EMU 8086, MCU 8051, Arduino IDE &
Raspberry Pi.
4. Practice the codes for the given laboratory exercises before commencement of lab.
5. Discuss with your lab instructors for any clarifications in the pre-lab work.

In lab Session
1. Complete the Pre-lab work evaluation session from your lab instructors.
2. Receive the components and make the connection as per the lab instructors approved design.
3. Upload the compiled codes into the MCU 8051/Arduino/Raspberry pi boards and execute the
codes for the exercises and observe the output/ results.
4. Complete all the tasks given in the exercises and get verification from the lab instructors.
5. Note the results and store the necessary figures and data for the lab report.
6. Answer the viva questions to test your understanding of the lab material.

Post Lab Session

1. Complete the lab work in all aspects in the given specified lab time.
2. Submit the lab observation and report to the lab instructors and get the signature in time.

“All the Best”

Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), NAAC - “A++”, Guntur, AP | ECE
 3 | EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS (18EC2205) LABORATORY MANUAL 2019-2020

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Year/Semester: II/1
Course Title: Embedded Controllers
L-T-P-
Course Code: 18EC2205 2-0-3-2
S
Course Code: Nil
Pre-requisite: Credits 4
Course Title: Nil
S. No. List of Experiments
Implement Arithmetic Operations and Find the number of Positive and Negative numbers in a
1
given array using 8086 Programming, and transfer the program to EEPROM.
(a)Write ALP to Sort the Array of Numbers in ascending and descending order using 8086
2 Programming.
(b)Optional: Different methods of sorting numbers can also be attempted for programming.
Design a System to display the continuous Count on seven segments LED Display using Arduino
3
Microcontroller Board.
(a) Design Doorbell Music Synthesis with buzzer using Arduino Microcontroller Board.
4
(b) Optional: Doorbell Tone/Music may also be synthesized.
5 Design Temperature controlled fan with LM35 and Arduino Microcontroller Board.
6 Design a Traffic Light controller System using Microcontroller 8051 Programming.
Design a System to count the number of students entering to a class. And then:
7 (a) Display the same on 16X2 LCD,
(b) Also send the Data to PC using RS-232 interfaced with Microcontroller 8051.
(a) Develop an Assemble Language/ C Program to interface a DC Motor and L293D driver with
Microcontroller 8051.
8
(b) Optional: Design the prototype of Elevator with DC Motor and L293D using 8051
programming.
9 Interface a Servo Motor with ARM7/Raspberry Pi Microcontroller Board.
Design a Garbage monitoring system using Ultrasonic Sensor with ARM7/Raspberry Pi
10
Microcontroller Board.
Design an Automatic LPG Gas Detection System using ARM7/Raspberry Pi Microcontroller
11
Board.
S. No. Mini projects (Default Options)
Design Bluetooth controlled industrial automation with android applications using a
1
Microcontroller Board.
2 Design RFID interfacing for any real time application using a Microcontroller Board.
3 Design a communicating system with GSM Module using a Microcontroller Board.
4 Design Weather Monitoring System for IOT application using a Microcontroller Board.

Note: Optional Experiments would fetch bonus marks.

Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), NAAC - “A++”, Guntur, AP | ECE
 4 | EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS (18EC2205) LABORATORY MANUAL 2019-2020

EXPERIMENT NO.3:

OBJECTIVE:-

Design a System to display the continuous Count on seven segments LED Display using
Arduino Microcontroller Board.

NAME: BRANCH: LAB SECTION:

ID NO:

Pre Lab Session In Lab Session Post Lab VIVA(5 M) Total Marks
Work(5M) Work (15 M) Session Work (30 M)
(5 M)

Remarks:

Date: Signature of Instructor Marks Awarded

SOFTWARE USED: Arduino IDE

Hardware Required:
1. Arduino Uno Board
2. Seven Segments (Common Cathode)
3. Resistors
4. Connecting Wires
5. Bread Board

Pre-Lab Work:
Seven segment displays are of two types: common anode and common cathode. The Internal
structure of both types is nearly the same. The difference is the polarity of the LEDs and
common terminal. In a common cathode seven-segment display (the one we used in the
experiments), all seven LEDs plus a dot LED have the cathodes connected to common pins of
seven segments. To use this display, we need to connect GROUND to common pins and
connect +5V to the other pins to make the individual segments light up. The following
diagram shows the internal structure of common-cathode seven-segment display:

Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), NAAC - “A++”, Guntur, AP | ECE
 5 | EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS (18EC2205) LABORATORY MANUAL 2019-2020

Connections:

Arduino Pins Seven Segment

Pin 0 -----------→a
Pin 1 -----------→b
Pin 2 -----------→c
Pin 3 -----------→d
Pin 4 -----------→e
Pin 5 -----------→f
Pin 6 -----------→g
Pin 7 -----------→dp
PROGRAM:

SPACE FOR U

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), NAAC - “A++”, Guntur, AP | ECE
 6 | EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS (18EC2205) LABORATORY MANUAL 2019-2020

CONCLUSION: Seven Segments will show 0 to 9 continuously.

Post Lab Requirements

1. Save the screenshot/Pictures of Program and output obtained, and bring printout of the
same in next lab.

2. Note the readings as instructed by your advisor.

3. Submit practical report in next lab for correction.

Viva Questions:

1. What are type of Seven Segments?

2. What is the difference between common Cathode and Common Anode?
3. What is the microcontroller used in Arduino UNO?
4. Do Arduino provides IDE Environment?
5. Which is the software or a programming language used for controlling of Arduino?
6. Arduino IDE consists of 2 functions. What are they?
7. How many digital pins are there on the UNO board?
8. How many analog pins are used in Arduino UNO board?

Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), NAAC - “A++”, Guntur, AP | ECE
 7 | EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS (18EC2205) LABORATORY MANUAL 2019-2020

EXPERIMENT NO.4:

OBJECTIVE:-

Design Doorbell Music Synthesis with buzzer using Arduino Microcontroller Board.

NAME: BRANCH: LAB SECTION:

ID NO:

Pre Lab Session In Lab Session Post Lab VIVA(5 M) Total Marks
Work(5M) Work (15 M) Session Work (30 M)
(5 M)

Remarks:

Date: Signature of Instructor Marks Awarded

SOFTWARE USED: Arduino IDE

Hardware Required:
1. Arduino Uno Board
2. Buzzer
5. Connecting Wires
6. Bread Board

Pre-Lab Work:
Computer systems often need to interface with devices that have analog outputs. Pulse width
modulation (PWM) is a familiar method for simulating analog signals using digital outputs.
With this technique, the amount of power a system receives depends on the duty cycle of the
PWM signal. By varying the duty cycle, or the ratio of time the signal is high to low, a digital
system is able to continuously vary the output of a given system while maintaining a constant
frequency (Arduino PWM pins produce signals at 490Hz or at 980Hz). The number of
applications PWM works with is vast and includes servo motor positioning, DC motor speed
control, LED brightness, and sound effects. PWM can be applied to make sounds with a
speaker, but the frequency needs to be modified to generate various tones.
Digital Sound Synthesis

Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), NAAC - “A++”, Guntur, AP | ECE
 8 | EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS (18EC2205) LABORATORY MANUAL 2019-2020

In order to produce a variety of pitches, a digital signal needs to convey the frequency of
sound it is trying to reproduce. The simplest approach is to generate a 50% duty cycle pulse
stream and set the frequency to the desired pitch. In order to generate a specific frequency,
the period of the note needs to be found, which is the amount of time it takes for the signal to
cycle once. This is done by taking the inverse of the frequency (Period=1/Frequency). Once
that value is known, it's a simple matter of keeping the signal high for half the length of the
period, and low for the other half. So in order to produce an A4 note, one would find the
period of that note, 1/440 = 2.2727 milliseconds. From there, hold the signal high for 1.13636
milliseconds, and low for the same
amount of time.

To demonstrate the difference between the built-in tone() function in Arduino and "manually"
generating the same tone via for-loops, the A4 note (440Hz) was synthesized via the
functions individually, and then simultaneously on both pins. In both cases the "manually"
made tone is about 5Hz slower than the tone() function's tone. This is true even when the
tones are played separately, which shows that tone() is neither interfering with the for-loop-
based method, nor is it affected by other processes the Arduino performs. The delay in the
for-loop method is a result of the Arduino needing to perform other processes between calls
to the tone generation function.

PROGRAM:

SPACE FOR U

Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), NAAC - “A++”, Guntur, AP | ECE
 9 | EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS (18EC2205) LABORATORY MANUAL 2019-2020

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

CONCLUSION: Different Tone will be produced in Buzzer according to the frequency

selected and like that we can form a doorbell.

Post Lab Requirements:

1. Save the screenshot/Pictures of Program and output obtained, and bring printout of the
same in next lab.

2. Note the readings as instructed by your advisor.

3. Submit practical report in next lab for correction.

Viva Questions:
What is modulation?
A: Modulation is the process of varying characteristics of a periodic waveform, called the
carrier signal, with a modulating signal that typically contains information to be transmitted.

PWM Advantages
1)less noise interference due to constant amplitude
2)Signal can be separated very easily at demodulation and noise can also be separated easily.
3)Synchronization between transmitter and receiver is not required unlike pulse position
modulation.

Mention the applications of PWM.

A: power delivery
volatage regulation
Audio effects and amplification

What are the disadvantages of PWM?

A : Bandwidth is large compared to PAM

Explain the principle of PWM?

Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), NAAC - “A++”, Guntur, AP | ECE
 10 | EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS (18EC2205) LABORATORY MANUAL 2019-2020

Ans: Pulse-width modulation (PWM) of a signal or power source involves the modulation of
its duty cycle, to either convey information over a communication channel or control the
amount of power sent to a load. PWM uses a square wave whose pulse width is modulated
resulting in the variation of the average value of the waveform is directly dependent on the
duty cycle D.

What is Duty Cycle?

What is Duty cycle required to obtain 1.25v from 5 v?

Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), NAAC - “A++”, Guntur, AP | ECE