Problem Set - 2

Transformers

1. A 50 kVA, 2200/110 V transformer when tested gave the following results:

OC test : 110 V, 10 A, 400 W
SC test : 90 V, 20.5 A, 808 W
Calculate % voltage regulation and efficiency at full load and 0.8 pf lagging.
( Ans: 4.06 % and 97.07 % )
2. A 20 kVA, 2000/200 V, 50 Hz transformer is operated at no-load on rated voltage,
the input being 150 W at 0.12 pf lagging. When it is operating at rated load,
the voltage drops in Xeq and Req are 2 and 1 % of the rated voltage respectively.
Determine the input power and power factor when the transformer delivers 10 kW
at 200 V at 0.8 pf lagging to a load on the LV side. ( Ans: 10.23 kW, 0.742 lagging)
3. A single phase load is supplied through a 35 kV feeder whose impedance is 95+360Ω
and a 35 / 2.4 kV transformer whose equivalent impedance is 0.23 + 1.27Ω referred
to its LV side. The load is 160 kW at 0.89 leading power factor and 2340 V.
(a) Compute the voltage at the high voltage terminals of the transformer.
( Ans: 33.7 kV )
(b) Compute the voltage at the sending end of the feeder. ( Ans: 33.4 kV )
(c) Compute the power and reactive power input at the sending end of the feeder.
( Ans: 164 kW, -64.5 kVAr )
4. A 20 kVA, 2000/200 V, single-phase transformer has the following parameters:
HV Winding: R1 = 3Ω Xl1 = 5.3Ω
LV Winding : R2 = 0.05Ω Xl2 = 0.05Ω
(a) Find the voltage regulation at 0.8 pf lagging, unity pf and 0.707 pf leading.
( Ans: 6.29 %, 4 % and -0.851 %)
(b) Calculate the secondary terminal voltage at 0.8 pf lagging, unity pf and 0.707
pf leading when delivering full load current with the primary voltage held fixed
at 2000 V. ( Ans: 187.4 V, 192 V and 201.6 V)
5. The efficiency of a 1000 kVA, 110/220 V, 50 Hz, single phase transformer is 98.5 %
at half full-load at 0.8 pf leading and 98.8 % at full-load upf. Determine
(a) core loss ( Ans: 4071 W)
(b) full-load copper loss ( Ans: 8079 W)
(c) maximum efficiency at upf ( Ans: 98.9 %)
6. A single-phase 10 kVA, 2400/240 V, 50 Hz distribution transformer has the following
characteristics:

Core loss at full voltage = 100 W

Copper loss at half load = 60 W

(a) Determine the per-unit rating at which the transformer efficiency is maximum.
( Ans: 0.6455 )
(b) The transformer has the following load cycle:
No load for 6 hours
70 % full load for 10 hours at 0.8 pf
90 % full load for 8 hours at 0.9 pf

1
 Determine the all-day efficiency of the transformer. ( Ans: 95.93 % )

7. A 10 kVA, 120/480 V single phase transformer is to be used as an autotransformer

to supply a 480 V circuit from a 600 V source. When it is tested as a two winding
transformer at rated load, unity power factor its efficiency is 0.979.

(a) Determine its kVA rating as an autotransformer. ( Ans: 50 kVA )

(b) Find its efficiency as an autotransformer at full load with 0.85 power factor
lagging. ( Ans: 99.5 % )

8. A 3 phase 2.5 MVA, 33/11 kV, ∆/Y transformer delivers power to a balanced 3-
phase load of 1.5 MVA at 0.9 power factor lagging at a voltage of 11 kV. Determine

(a) the phase voltage, line current and the phase current on HV side
( Ans: 6351 V, 78.7 A and 78.7 A )
(b) the phase voltage, line current and the phase current on LV side
( Ans: 33 kV, 26.2 A and 15.1266 A )