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Chemical Energetics Assignment

1 The equations for three changes are given below:

Reaction 1 H2 → 2H
Reaction 2 HCl → H + Cl
Reaction 3 2H + O → H2O

Which of the above changes are endothermic?

A Reaction 1 only
B Reactions 1 and 2 only
C Reactions 1 and 3 only
D Reactions 2 and 3 only ( B )

2 A student was asked to write down five pieces of information that could be obtained from the
equation below:

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) exothermic

Which one of the following pieces of information is incorrect?

A magnesium chloride is soluble in water.

B magnesium has been oxidised.
C One mole of magnesium produces one mole of hydrogen molecules.
D The total energy of the products is greater than that of the reactants ( D )

3 When steam is passed through white-hot coke, a reaction occurs and the temperature of the
coke falls. What does this indicate?

A Coke is an oxidising agent

B Coke contains impurities
C The reaction is endothermic
D The reaction is exothermic ( C )

4 The following reaction takes place.

NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s) ∆H is negative

 Which statement about the reaction is correct?

A The volume increases and the reaction is endothermic.

B A solution is produced and the reaction is endothermic.
C A solution is produced and the reaction is exothermic.
D A solid is produced and the reaction is exothermic. ( D )

5 When solid potassium chloride is added to water, the temperature of the liquid goes down.
Which conclusion can be made from this observation?

A The process is endothermic.

B The process is exothermic.
C All solids dissolve with a temperature decrease.
D Very little potassium chloride dissolves in water. ( A )

6 The dissolving of potassium iodide in water is an endothermic process. Which graph shows the
temperature changes that occur when potassium iodide is stirred with water until no further
change in temperature is observed?

( B )

7 The formation of hydrogen iodide from hydrogen and iodine is an endothermic reaction.

HH +I I→HI+HI, What may be deduced from this information?

A The formation of H - I bonds absorbs energy.

B The products possess less energy than the reactants.
C The total energy change in bond formation is less than that in bond breaking.
D The number of bonds broken is greater than the number of bonds formed. ( C )

8 Consider the following reaction for which the heat of reaction is given:

10 N2(g) + 25 O2(g) → 10 N2O5(s) ∆H = -102 kJ/mol

Which of the following statements regarding the reaction above is not correct?

A The energy involved in bond forming is greater than that of bond breaking.
B If the reaction is carried out in an insulated container, the temperature in the container
would increase.
C The energy of the reactants is less than that of the product.
D For each mole of N2O5(s) formed in the reaction, 10.2 kJ of heat is released ( C )
9 The table below shows some bond energies, measured in kilojoules per mole.
Bond energy is the energy (∆H>0) required to break the bonds between pairs of atoms.

bond bond energy, in bond bond energy, in

kJ/mol kJ/mol
H-H 436 Cl - Cl 242
H - Cl 431 C-H 412
C=C 612 C-C 348
N=N 409 N-N 163

(a) Use the information given to calculate the total energy required to break one mole of
methane into atoms.

CH4 → C + 4H; ∆H = ? kJ

The energy required is ∆H = 4 x 412 = 1648 kJ

(b) The carbon-carbon triple bond, C = C, is a strong covalent bond.

Would you expect it to be thrice as strong as the C – C (single) bond? Explain your answer.

No. The bond energy of the C = C bond is less than twice the bond energy of the single
bond, C - C. So the triple bond would be less than thrice that of the single bond.

(in fact, the bond energy of the C = C is 839 kJ/mol)

10 When 1 mole of chlorine gas reacts the enthalpy change, ∆H, is -184 kJ. Calculate the energy
change when 14.2 g of chlorine reacts completely with hydrogen.

1 mole of chlorine gas releases 184 kJ of energy.

14.2 g of chlorine contains 14.2 / 35.5 x 2 = 0.2 mole

Energy change = -184 x 0.2 = - 36.8 kJ