and who has no problems while playing outside in the snow,but becomes ill after he comes

homes.

At the higheter temperature complement is activated, followed by severe haemolysis.

The combination of anti-P + anti-pk + anti-P1 is also reffered to as antibodies anti-Tja and is
only found in people with genotype pp, who lack the P, Pk and P1antigens.The antibodies are
IgM or IgG and usually bind complement and cause an accelerated destruction of transfused
incompatibleerythrocytes.

Anti-LKE antibodies are directed against the LKE antigen of the Globoside blood group
collection.

these antibodies react optimally at a lower temperature.

4.9 li blood group collection

The li blood group system was discovered in 1956 by Wiener. The antigens are formed from the
same ground the substance as the antigens of the blood group systems ABH, Lewis and P, and
the Globoside collection. The li blood group collection comprises two

antigens.

Antigens The two antigens of the li blood group collection are I (ISBT symbol 11, ISBT number
207.001) and i (ISBT symbol 12, ISBT number 207.002).

At birth the i antigen is predominantly present on the erythrocyte membrane, while there is
hardly any antigen. During the first eight months of life the I antigen is more strongly expressed
at the cost of the antigen. This is the result of the undivided i antigen dividing and thus changing
into the The I antigen. In adults there is practically only I antigen, although a small number of i
antigens is left. In very rare cases only i antigen occurs on cells in adults. In these cases the I
allele is missing.

The expression of li antigens in adults and newborns is summarized in table 4-XVII.

je

Table 4-XVII Expression of li antigens in adults and newborns Erythrocytes of adults

strong expression

of I antigen Erythrocytes of the umbilical cord

weak expression

of I antigen Erythrocytes of adults without

no expression I antigen

of I antigen

weak expression

of i antigen strong expression

of i antigen strong expression

of i antigen

Antibodies

Antibodies anti-I are predominantly autoantibodies. Only in very rare cases there are individuals
who are i-homozygous and lacking the I antigen,anti -1 Occurs as alloantibody.
autoantibody anti-I can be found in low titre in the serum of healthy people. Patients with high
titres autoanti-I may suffer from an autoimmune haemolytic anemia, caused by these cold IgM
antibodies

. Strong cold autoantibodies anti-I are usually found after bacterial or viral infecton

in the laboratory erythrocytes of newborns are used as I-negative erythrocytes to define the
Specificity of cold antibodies.