Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
S
Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR)
C
O
O
_M
G Dr Pankaj Tiwari
IIT
IIT Guwahati
1
Petroleum Production System
S
C
O
O
_M
IPR
G
IIT
kh
S p
. qB s
1412
IIT Guwahati
2
Gas reservoir deliverability
Gas reservoir deliverability is evaluated using well inflow performance relationship (IPR).
Determination of the flow capacity of a gas well requires a relationship between the inflow gas rate and the
sandface pressure or bottom pressure
S
Gas production rate is a nonlinear function of pressure drawdown (reservoir pressure minus bottom hole
C
pressure).
O
Compressible or incompressible
IPR depends
O
Single phase or multiphase
Flow regime (boundary conditions)
Flow behaviour
_M
Fluid properties
transient, steady state, pseudo steady state.
Formation properties
Darcy or non-Darcy flow
Geometry
G Skin effect
IIT
Vertical well or horizontal well
With or without Hydraulic fractures
IIT Guwahati
3
Gas reservoir deliverability
Geometry
S
C
O
Radial Flow
O
_M
G
IIT
IIT Guwahati
4
Gas reservoir deliverability
Geometry
S
C
O
O
_M
Side View
G
IIT
IIT Guwahati
5
Gas reservoir deliverability
Flow Regime
S
C
O
O
_M
Semi- steady state condition
G q = constant
IIT
pressure
p
0, at r = re
r
IIT Guwahati
6
Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR Curve)
Material balance equation:
Relationship between pressure drop and flow rate
S
Analytical and Empirical expressions for IPR
C
Mathematical expression:
O
Single phase gas flow : Type of Fluid
O
Steady state & Pseudosteady state flow: Flow behavior
_M
G
IIT
IIT Guwahati
7
Gas reservoir deliverability
Pseudo Steady State: Analytical expression
•q is the gas production rate in Mscf/d,
•k is the effective permeability to gas in md,
S
•h is the thickness of pay zone in ft,
C
•m(p) is the real gas pseudopressure in psi2/cp at the
O
reservoir pressure p in psi,
O
•m(pwf) is the real gas pseudopressure in psi2/cp at the
flowing bottom hole pressure pwf,
_M
Assumptions:
•T is the reservoir temperature in R,
-Single phase flow in the reservoir
-Compressible isothermal fluid flow
•re is the radius of drainage area in ft,
G
-Homogeneous and isotopic reservoir system •rw is wellbore radius in ft,
IIT
-Constant permeability •s is skin factor, and
- Fully radial flow only
•D is the non-Darcy coefficient in d/Mscf.
- Laminar (Viscous flow)
- Constant Pay-zone
IIT Guwahati
8
IPR Curve- Material Balance
Conservation of Mass
S
C
What goes in = What comes out + What is left behind
O
O
Assumptions:
_M
-Single phase flow in the reservoir
-Compressible isothermal fluid flow
-Homogeneous and isotopic reservoir system
G -Constant permeability
- Radial flow only
IIT
- Laminar (Viscous flow)
- Constant Pay-zone
IIT Guwahati
9
Basic Form of IPR
S
• Equation of state for Real gas
C
O
O
_M
G
IIT
IIT Guwahati
10
IPR solution: Approximations
Approximations
S
Pressure-approximation (p)
2P
C
𝜇𝑍
O
or
1 m(p) approach
O
Pressure-approximation (p)
𝜇𝐵𝑔 Properties at average pressure 𝑝 2𝑝 𝑝2 −𝑝𝑏2
m(p) =𝑝 𝑑 ≈
_M
m(p) approach 𝑏 µ𝑧 𝜇𝑧
p2 approach p2 approach
Region 1 Region 2
G Region 3
IIT
2000 3000
Pressure
IIT Guwahati
11
Steady State: IPR
S
C
O
O
_M
G
IIT
IIT Guwahati
12
Pseudo Steady State: IPR
S
q = constant
C
pressure
O
p
0, at r = re
r
O
_M
G
IIT
IIT Guwahati
13
IPR Curve: Analytical Expression
S
𝑞𝜇 2
General relationship between 𝑞𝜇
P&R − = 𝑙𝑛 − = 𝑙𝑛 −
C
2𝜋𝑘ℎ 2𝜋𝑘ℎ 2
2
O
O
Inflow equation expressed in 𝑞𝜇 𝑞𝜇 1
term of − = 𝑙𝑛 − = 𝑙𝑛 −
2𝜋𝑘ℎ 2𝜋𝑘ℎ 2
_M
p = pe at r = re
IIT Guwahati
14
IPR Curve: Analytical Expression- Pseudo steady state
kh p res 2 p
pwf g TZ
q dp
re
1422T ln 0.75
S
ZT
rw Bg B 0.00504
p
C
7.08 10 6 kh p res
O
1 dp
pwf g Bg
q
re
O
1422T ln 0.75
rw
_M
q
kh.m p res m pwf m pwf 2
pwf p
dp
Z
re
G
0
1422T ln 0.75 s
IIT
p
rw
p res
m p res 2 dp
0 Z
IIT Guwahati
15
Steady State: IPR
ҧ 𝑤𝑓 ]
𝑘ℎ[𝑝−𝑝 𝑝 2𝑝 𝑝2 −𝑝𝑏2
Pressure approximation approach q= 𝑟 m(p) = 𝑝µ𝑧 𝑑 ≈ 𝜇𝑧
141.2 × 103 𝐵𝑔 𝜇[ln 𝑟 𝑒 ] 𝑏
𝑤
S
•q is the gas production rate in Mscf/d,
C
Pseudo pressure approach 𝑘ℎ[𝑚 𝑝ҧ −𝑚(𝑝𝑤𝑓 )] •k is the effective permeability to gas in md
q= 𝑟𝑒
1424𝑇 ln
O
𝑟𝑤 •h is the thickness of pay zone in ft,
•m(p) is the real gas pseudopressure in psi
O
2 2 at the reservoir pressure p in psi,
𝑘ℎ[𝑝 − 𝑝𝑤𝑓 ]
Pressure square approach
_M
q= 𝑟 •m(pwf) is the real gas pseudopressure in
1424𝑇 𝜇 𝑧 [ln 𝑟 𝑒 ]
𝑤
psi2/cp at the flowing bottom hole pressure
IIT Guwahati
16
Pseudo Steady State: IPR
ҧ 𝑤𝑓 ]
𝑘ℎ[𝑝−𝑝 𝑝 2𝑝 𝑝2 −𝑝𝑏2
Pressure approximation approach q= 0.472𝑟𝑒 m(p) = 𝑝µ𝑧 𝑑 ≈ 𝜇𝑧
141.2 × 103 𝐵𝑔 𝜇[ln 𝑟𝑤
] 𝑏
S
•q is the gas production rate in Mscf/d,
C
Pseudo pressure approach 𝑘ℎ[𝑚 𝑝ҧ −𝑚(𝑝𝑤𝑓 )] •k is the effective permeability to gas in md
q= 0.472𝑟𝑒
1424𝑇 ln
O
𝑟𝑤 •h is the thickness of pay zone in ft,
•m(p) is the real gas pseudopressure in psi
O
22 at the reservoir pressure p in psi,
𝑘ℎ[𝑝 − 𝑝𝑤𝑓 ]
Pressure square approach
_M
q= 0.472𝑟𝑒 •m(pwf) is the real gas pseudopressure in
1424 𝑇𝜇 𝑧 [ln 𝑟𝑤
]
psi2/cp at the flowing bottom hole pressure
IIT Guwahati
17
Infinite Acting Radial Flow
162.6𝑞𝐵𝜇 𝑘
= 𝑖− log 𝑡 + log − 3.2275
S
𝑘ℎ ф𝜇𝑐𝑡 2
C
O
ф𝜇𝑐𝑡 2
O
𝑡𝑝𝑠𝑠 ≈ 1200
𝑘
_M
G
IIT
IIT Guwahati
18
S
C
O
O
_M
G
IIT
IIT Guwahati
19
S
C
O
O
_M
G
IIT
IIT Guwahati
20
Petroleum Production System
S
C
O
O
IPR
_M
G
IIT
IIT Guwahati
21
Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR)- II
Analytical Expression
Skin Effect
S
Non-Darcy Effect
C
O
Empirical Methods
O
Simplified treatment approach- Back pressure approach
_M
Laminar-inertial treatment approach- Forchhiemer approach
G
IIT
IIT Guwahati
22