Answer No.

- 1(1)

 The three Energy Pathways are

i) ATP/CP Energy Pathway

ii) Glycolytic Pathway

iii) Oxidative Pathway

 ATP/CP Energy Pathway

 ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is an organic compound which is stored

in the muscle in a form of energy and it is used for muscle

contractions.

 CP (Creatine phosphate) is another high-energy phosphate molecule

and it is stored also in the cell and it is used immediately to

resynthesize ATP. ATP/CP pathway is anaerobic which means it

requires no oxygen for energy use. ATP molecule is the energy source

for human movement. In the process of muscle contraction it releases

one of its three phosphate molecules to provide energy to the desired

movement. But we have only a limited amount of ATP which is

available in the muscle (5mmol/Kg of muscle) and it takes only 1.26

seconds to completely use it in any initial stage of a movement.

 All the types of activities regardless of their intensity or length, will

start from this pathway only. With the help of an enzyme called

(myosin ATPase) following reaction takes place.

myosin ATPase
 ATP → ADP + Pi + Energy
[Where(Pi)= Inorganic Phosphate]

 But this pathway is enough in the short-term, high-intensity activities

only, like short-put, weight lifting and power lifting only. However

further use in this pathway requires ADP (Adenosine diphosphate)

which will be resynthesized back to ATP with the help of CP (Creatine

phosphate) in the presence of an enzyme called (Creatine Kinase)

under following reaction.

Creatine Kinase
 ADP + CP → ATP + Creatine

 Just like ATP, CP storage is also in a small amount in a cell

(16mmol/kg of muscle) and CP store is completely depleted in 60

seconds of maximal activity. ATP store completely replenished with in

3.5 minutes and CP store completely replenished with in 8 minutes of

the activity.

 Glycolytic Pathway
 Glycolytic pathway is also an anaerobic pathway just like ATP/CP

pathway. In a cell ATP/CP stores are available only in a small quantity

and depleted in the initial segment of any high intensity activity.

 So once the readily available ATP/CP stores completely depleted the

body must breakdown carbohydrates to produce more ATP. This

process uses either Glycogen which is present in the muscle cells or

the Glucose which is present in the blood. And it converts ADP back

into ATP with a waste product generates called lactic acid, under

following reaction.

 Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP +2NAD+ → 2lactic acid + 2ATP + 2NAD

 The lactic acid builds more quickly than it can be flushed out of the

muscle during an anaerobic threshold. Lactic acid then converts into a

less toxic product called Lactate which can produce more glucose

through a process called Gluconeogenesis.

 Oxidative Pathway

 Oxidative pathway is an aerobic pathway. It uses oxygen to produce

ATP by the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. This pathway is

the ultimate pathway to produce more ATP as compared to the last

two studied pathways and it also takes much longer time.

 Pyruvate which is produced by glycolysis, undergoes a long trip by

the Krebs cycle to convert several coenzymes that have lost an

electron back into their original state.

 In an electron transport chain where there coenzymes undergo

oxidation to convert ADP into ATP. 38 molecules of ATP can be

produced through the oxidative pathway. Oxidative pathway is the

only pathway that used fat for the energy. Its a process called Beta

Oxidation is which fat breakdown into energy and its a long process

but in which does not produce ATP directly.

 Its a point that 70 percent of the energy comes from the fat only, not

carbohydrates or protein. So this pathway is very useful in the long

term events like marathan running etc.

 Exercises that utilizes all three pathways

 Exercises utilize ATP/CP Energy Pathway

o Short and intense sprinting.

o Heavy weight lifting and power lifting exercises.

 Exercises utilize Glycolytic Pathway

o An All-out Sprint, to a slower Jog.

o All Out-MMA maneuvers.

 Exercise utilize Oxidative Pathway

o A 6 - mile run.

o A 3 - mile walk.

 Focussed Pathway for the Traning of a Marathon Running

 Oxidative Pathway

 As we have discussed above oxidative pathway is the only and

aerobic pathway. Aerobic running or respiration occurs when your

body has the sufficient oxygen. When you are running aerobically

your muscles have enough oxygen to produce all the energy for longer

periods.

 Aerobic running is the most important factor to run faster and longer.

The marathon running is 97% aerobic which means that oxidative

pathway should be our focal point to train for a marathon running.

Aerobic threshold is the main focal point for every marathon runner

following by the lactate threshold and the anaerobic threshold.

 Its because for the long run training our aerobic system should be very

strong that will increase the number of capillaries per muscle fibre and

increase the myoglobin content of the muscle fibres.

 Activities one should incorporate into his training for marathon

running with reasons

 Marathon running requires a lot of aerobic endurance and cardio

endurance.

 While training for a marathon running a pre & post stretch is very

crucial before and after the training session.

 The activities should be focus on for a marathon running

 Long walks and long slow jogging.

 Striding and short-intense sprinting.

 Spot Jogging and skipping.

 Cycling and swimming.

 Yoga at several times.

 Interval training and cross training.

 Reasons of why

 All the kinds of activities which increases the aerobic endurance or

the cardio endurance should be the focal activities one should

incorporate to his training program, If he is training to run a

marathon became all these above activities will improve and

increase the aerobic threshold of the one in a complete way.

 Understanding of all three Energy Pathways surely will help

me as a trainer in my Future Training Endeavors

 I feel as a trainer if I have a complete knowledge of (ATP/CP,

Glycolytic & Oxidative) pathways so it would be a bonus point for me

to handle my clients with this proper & vast amount of knowledge.

 Each clients has a different mindset and a different goal so it is

necessary for them to understand the way in which they want to train

or they want to focus on which pathway more to get their desired

results.

 If I have this knowledge in a proper manner so it would be easy for

me to create different kind of workout plans for the different kind of

clients according to their desired activity under the pathway of their

focus.

 If I have this knowledge and if I am able to distinguish between all the

energy pathways in front of my clients so it would be a lot more easy

for the clients to choose their desired and focussed pathway to train

under to get their desired outputs as the focus on a specific pathway

would produce the specific results in the field just like a focus on

oxidative pathway should be focussed on to prepare or to train for a

marathon running.
 So including the above points I can say that the proper understanding

of all there theree energy pathways will surely help me as a trainer in

my future training endeavors.