V00 (Structural Steel Framing)

Abu Dhabi Airports Company PJSC Specification, Section 051200
SECTION 051200
STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING
1. GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and

Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this
Section.
1.2 SUMMARY
A. Contractor shall provide all labour, Materials, Contractor’s Equipment and Plant
to fully execute the requirements to furnish, deliver, and install the Works as
expressly described in the Drawings and Specification, or implied therefrom, and
in accordance with the Contract. It is the intent of this Specification section that
the work performed pursuant hereto be complete and acceptable in every respect
for its intended purpose. It is further required that the provisions of this
Specification section should be complementary to, and shall be correlated with,
the requirements of the Contract. Nothing in this specification section shall limit
the scope of work as required by the Contract.
B. The proposed works comprise a new Airport Terminal and associated piers for the
Abu Dhabi International Airport.
C. The Engineer's Drawings as listed in the Bills of Quantities show the layout,
principal dimensions and arrangement of the structure, the requirements of which
are amplified in the following paragraph(s).
D. The structural steelwork shown on the drawings and described in this

Specification has been designed to BS 5950.
E. Where serial size sections are specified on the drawings these are to be provided
in accordance with BS 4-1:2005 Structural Steel Sections – Specification for Hot
Rolled Sections.
1.3 REFERENCES
A. Follow the guidelines contained in the latest editions of the following codes,
specifications and standards except where more stringent requirements are shown
or specified in the Contract Documents.
B. This Specification shall be read in conjunction with all other Contract documents.
C. British Standards
Reference to a Code or Standard shall be deemed to include all other Codes and
Standards referred to in the specified Code or Standard.
Contract: Midfield Terminal Building - General Contractor, AUH.06.10.0401 Page 1 of 53

Construction Document: Volume 3 of 4 (Rev 09) July 2012
This Specification shall be deemed to be supplementary to the Abu Dhabi

Municipality Building Regulations. Wherever differences occur then the more
onerous requirement is to prevail.
1. BS 4-1:2005 Structural Steel Sections – Specification for Hot

Rolled Sections
2. BS EN 287 Qualification test of welders. Fusion welding,
Steels
3. BS EN 288 Specification and approval of welding
procedures for metallic materials.
4. BS EN 440 Welding consumables: Wire electrodes and
deposits for gas shielded metal arc welding of
non-alloy and fine grain steels.
5. BS EN 473 Non destructive testing: Qualification and

certification of NDT personnel: 1 General
Principles.
6. BS EN 571-1:1997 Non destructive testing. Penetrant testing,
General principles.
7. BS EN756:2004 Welding consumables. Solid wires, solid wire
flux and tubular cored electrode-flux
combinations for submerged arc welding of non
alloy and fine grain steels.
8. BS EN 758:1997 Welding consumables: Tubular cored electrodes
for metal arc welding with and without a gas
shield of non-alloy and fine grain steels.
9. PD 970:2005 Wrought steels for mechanical and electrical
engineering purposes. Requirements for carbon,
carbon manganese and alloy hot worked or cold
finished steels.
10. BS EN 1011-1:1998 Welding. Recommendations for welding of
metallic materials, general guidance for arc
welding.
11. BS EN 1011-2:2001 Welding. Recommendations for welding of
metallic materials, general guidance for ferritic
steels.
12. BS EN 1290:1998 Non destructive examination of welds.
Magnetic particle examination of welds.
13. BS EN 1008:1997 Welding consumables. Rods, wires and deposits
for tungsten inert gas welding of non alloy and
fine grain steels.
14. BS EN 1714:1998 Non destructive testing of welded panels.
Ultrasonic testing of welded steels.
15. BS EN 1998 - 1 Eurocode 8 Design of structures for earthquake
resistance

16. BS EN 2560:2005 Welding consumables. Covered electrodes for

manual metal out welding of non-alloy and fine
grain steels.
17. BS 2853:1957 Specification for the deign and testing of steel
overhead runway beams.
18. BS EN ISO 3834- Quality requirements for fusion welding of
5:2005 metallic materials. Documents with which is
necessary to conform to claim conformity to the
quality requirements of ISO 3834-2, IS3834-3 or
ISO 3834-4
19. BS EN ISO 3834- Quality requirements for fusion welding of
3:2005 metallic materials, standard quality
requirements.
20. BS 3923:Part 1:1986 Methods of ultrasonic examination of welds.
Methods for manual examination of fusion
welds in ferritic steels.
21. BS EN ISO 4042:2002 Fasteners. Electroplated coatings.
22. BS 4604:1970 Specification for the use of high strength friction
grip bolts in structural steelwork.
23. BS 4870 Specification for approval testing of welding
procedures.
24. BS EN ISO 5817:2003 Welding. Fusion-welded points in steel, nickel,
titanium and their alloys (beam welding
excluded). Quality levels for imperfections.
25. BS 5950 Codes of practice covering the design,
construction and fire protection of steel
structures and specifications for materials,
workmanship and erection: Parts 1 - 9
26. BS 6399 Loadings for Buildings: Parts 1 -3
27. BS 6472 Evaluation of human exposure to vibration in

buildings (1Hz to 80Hz)
28. BS 7371-6:1998 Coatings on metal fasteners, specification for hot
dipped galvanised coatings.
29. BS 7371-8:1998 Coatings on metal fasteners, specification for
standardised coatings.
30. BS EN ISO 8501- Preparation of steel substrates before application
1:2001 of paints and related products. Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness, rust grades
and preparation grades of uncoated steel
substrates and of steel substrates after removal
of previous coatings.
31. BS EN ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management Systems. Requirements.
32. BS EN ISO 9018:2003 Destructive test on welds in metallic materials.
Tensile test on cruciform and lapped joints.
33. BS EN ISO 9692- Welding and altered processes.
1:2003 Recommendations for joint preparation, manual

metallic welding, TIG welding and beam
welding of steels.
34. BS EN ISO 9692- Welding and allied processes. Joint preparation,
2:1998 submerged arc welding of steels.
35. BS EN 10020:2000 Definition and classification of grades of steel
36 BS EN 10025: 2004 Hot rolled products of structural steel Parts 1-6
37 BS EN 10210:2006 Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-
alloy and fine grain steels. Parts 1 & 2
38. BS EN 10160:1999 Ultrasonic testing of steel flat product of
thickness equal to or greater than 6mm
(reflection method)
39. BS EN 10103 Delivery requirements for surface condition of
hot rolled steel plates, wide flats and sections.
40. BS EN 10164:2004 Steel products with improved deformation
properties perpendicular to the surface of the
product. Technical delivery conditions.
41. BS EN 11124-2:1997 Preparation of steel substrates before application
of points and related products. Specification for
metallic blast cleaning abrasives, chilled iron
grit.
42. BS EN 11124-3:1997 Preparation of steel substrates before application
of paints and reflected products. Specification
for metallic blast cleaning abrasives, high carbon
cast-steel shot and grit.
43. BS EN 13918:2003 Gas welding equipment. Integrated flowmeter
regulators used on cylinders for welding, cutting
and drilled processes. Classification
specification and tests.
44. BS EN ISO 15609 Specification and qualification of welding
45. BS EN ISO 15614 Specification and qualification of welding
D. Others
1. National Structural Steelwork Specification for Building Construction

(NSSS) – BCSA & SCI publication No 203/07
1.4 DEFINITIONS
A. Independent Checking Engineer (ICE): Competent Chartered Structural Engineer,

independent of the Contractors Design Team and appointed by the Contractor.
B. Independent Inspection Authority (IIA): Competent independent body or

association which verifies compliance with this Specification. Appointed by the
Employer.

C. Examiner/Examining Body: An independent person or organization whose

competence to verify compliance of welder tests to BE EN 287 or welding
procedure tests to BS EN ISO 15614 and has been accepted by the Engineer.
D. BCSA – The British Constructional Steelwork Association Limited
E. SCI – The Steel Construction Insitute
1.5 SUBMITTALS
A. General
1. Section 01 33 00 – Submittal Procedures: Requirements for Submittals
2. All submissions shall be in accordance with the submission schedule

developed and agreed between the Engineer and Contractor at the
commencement of the project. Submission shall include dates of order
and delivery of materials to the shop and the site.
3. Shop Drawing schedule shall allow adequate time for reviews. Submittal
shall include all related pieces in an assembled or area. The Contractor
shall allow adequate time in shop drawing preparation stage for the
dimensioning process and coordination with the Architectural Drawings
and those of other disciplines.
4. Approval by the Engineer of drawings prepared by the Contractor does

not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for accuracy of detail
dimensions on drawings, nor for the general fit-up of parts to be
assembled on site.
B. Dimensions
1. While the position of most steel members is directly defined on the

Structural Drawings, there are instances where reference shall be made to
Architectural or other Drawings to deduce a dimension. The Contractor
shall be responsible for such dimensional coordination and cross-
referencing.
2. With the position of steel members thus fixed, the Contractor will still
need to deduce and compute other dimensions that are derivative from the
basic dimensions. These may include, but are not limited to, true distance
between work points, and the lengths and orientation of members. Such
derivation of dimensions is the responsibility of the Contractor.
3. To ensure accuracy of these dimensions, the Contractor shall produce

layout drawings, 3 dimensional computer model, as well as detailed Shop
Drawings. Although they will not be checked, these layout drawings and
model are to be submitted at the same time as the relevant shop drawings.
C. Shop Drawings
1. Prepare a 3D computer model of the complete roof structure.

2. Prepare complete and coordinated shop drawings showing anchor bolt

setting plans, details of layout, fabrication of all members and elements
and erection plans.
3. Indicate layout and member size and weights, materials used, and beam
marks.
4. Reference shop drawings to specific location and detail number on the

Structural Drawings.
5. Indicate locations, types and details of connections, including bolt hole

sizes, bolting materials, and welded joint designations.
6. Show extent of painting.
7. Indicate location and type of special finish requirements, including

grinding of welds. Indicate Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel
pieces and fabrications.
8. For all cable, tension or false work supported assemblies submit a full
erection procedure sufficient to achieve the required tensions and/ or
erection tolerances.
9. Copies of the Contract Documents will not be considered as meeting the

requirements of this Section.
10. Submit shop drawings to Engineer for review and obtain acceptance prior
to start of fabrication. Only shop drawings marked “No Exceptions
Taken”, “Revise as Noted” or “See Comments Noted” may be used by
the Contractor in the work. Shop drawings marked “Rejected” or
“Resubmit for Review” shall be corrected and completed as required and
resubmitted to the Engineer before they are used in the work.
11. Where shop drawings are resubmitted the Contractor shall cloud and
identify all changes made due to additions, deletions, and corrections to
the shop drawing. Shop drawings resubmitted without each change being
clouded and identified will be returned for resubmission.
12. As requested by the Engineer, Contractor shall submit additional details,

sections and calculations to fully describe the work to be provided.
13. Prior to submitting erection drawings submit plans of all levels showing
dimensioned location of edge of slab, deck and openings.
14. Submit fabricators identification mark system prior to fabrication.

Member marks shall be cross-referenced on the erection drawings.
15. Where items such as anchor bolts and inserts are scheduled to be set into
concrete or masonry provide setting drawings, templates, instructions and
directions for their installation. Coordinate delivery with other work to
avoid delay of job progress.
16. Submit cleaning and painting schedule.

17. Review of Shop Drawings is of a general nature only. Responsibility for

conformance with the intent of the Construction Documents shall remain
with the Contractor. Review does not imply or state that the fabricator has
correctly interpreted the Contract Documents.
D. Mill Reports
1. Provide test certificates to demonstrate that steels used in the Works

conform to this specification and BS 5950-2 requirements.
2. Submit test reports by independent laboratories. Extent and frequency of

tests shall be agreed by the Engineer. Procure material only after
obtaining approval for the material. Heat numbers on the sections which
arrive at site must match those in the test certificates. (Heat numbers is
the reference number stamped on each structural member, which assists
in tracing the melt from which it was poured). Test certificates must
identify the structural members by cast numbers and by heat numbers
E. Submit Certificates of Compliance for:
1. Provide test certificates to demonstrate that steels used in the Works

conform to this Specification.
2. Provide test certificates to demonstrate that bolts used in the Works

conform to this specification and BS 5950-2 requirements.
3. All welding consumables need to have certificates to demonstrate that

they comply with the requirements of the project specification and BS
5950-2.
4. In the areas noted on the drawings and confirmed by the Contractor, the
material is to be subject to the following additional tests:
a. Ultrasonic grading to BS EN 10160, S2 E2.
b. Through-thickness tensile tests to BS 10164, Level Z25.
5. Tests are to be conducted either by the steel manufacturer, or test house

on supplied material and verified by an approved Independent Inspection
Authority.
6. Provide test certificates to demonstrate that material used in the

production of the Shear Studs including manufacturers test reports
conform to this specification.
7. Welder Qualification Certification
8. Records of all site tests and inspections are to be verified by the approved
Independent Inspection Authority.
9. Compatibility between the primer and the spray-on fireproofing to be

used in the project. Certificate to be issued by the manufacturers.
F. Bearing Assemblies

1. Submit shop drawings and technical specifications for the slide bearing
assemblies used in the project.
G. Erection Procedures
1. The Steelwork Contractor shall be responsible for the design, fabrication,

erection and removal of all temporary works, including, inter alia, such
works needed to provide temporary stability to individual components or
to the structure until walls, floors or other non-steel structures are in
position. The design and details of temporary works shall be checked and
endorsed by an approved Independent Checking Engineer (ICE) before
fabrication and erection.
2. Where temporary restraints are used during erection which do not

substitute for permanent features, they may be removed after the structure
has been lined, levelled and plumbed provided that sufficient steelwork
and /or permanent bracing has been erected to ensure the stability of the
structure under the worst expected conditions of dead, imposed and wind
loading.
3. Submit procedures, methods, sequences of erection, temporary shoring

and guying, and equipment proposed for erecting structural steel. This
submittal is for information only and will not be returned.
H. Jacking and Tensioning Procedures
1. Submit procedures, methods, sequences of jacking and tensioning,

instrumentation and monitoring devices to be used in the project.
I. Welding Procedure Submittals
1. Welding procedure trials shall be witnessed and approved by an

Examiner/Examining Body and be in accordance with BS EN ISO 15614.
2. Witnessing of procedures shall be undertaken by approved inspectors

(PCN, EN 473) as a minimum and approval by an approved technologist
(certified IWT) as a minimum.
3. Approvals may be previously qualified and/or approved to BS 4870 and

EN 288. Where required in Section 3 they shall be submitted for review
by the Engineer at least 2 weeks prior to the start of production.
4. Documents required to support a welding procedure qualification record

(WPQR) are as follows:
a. Complete mechanical test results
b. Complete non-destructive test results
c. Original material certificates (which should have either a full
chemical analysis or the carbon equivalent)
d. Consumable certificates
Summary documents are not acceptable.

5. Formal Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs) shall be available in

accordance with BS EN ISO 15609. They shall comply with the guidance
of BS EN 1011-2, Annex C, Method A in the avoidance of hydrogen
cracking. Consideration shall be made of the requirements in Annex D to
ensure that there is adequate toughness in the heat affected zone of the
weld (HAZ). HAZ toughness shall be as a minimum be equivalent to the
parent steel specification.
6. WPS shall ensure that the range of qualification is within the

requirements of section 8, EN 15614-1. In addition to section 8, EN
15614-1 carbon equivalent is considered an essential variable. Any
change in the carbon equivalent from that given in the WPQR > + 0.01%
and the production material and the procedure will require additional
approval. Reduction in the recorded carbon equivalent level for
production when compared to the recorded carbon equivalent in the
WPQR will not require additional approval.
7. Generic work instructions are not acceptable.
8. All WPS shall be approved by the welding coordinator (IWT) before

being used in production.
9. Where WPSs are based on previously approved WPQRs they shall be

submitted to the Examiner/Examining Body for verification of
compliance with EN 15614 and EN 1011.
10. The review will need personnel who meet the requirements of BS EN ISO
3834-5 (IWT).
11. Formal job specific WPSs shall be available to the welder or operator
prior to commencement of works. Simple work instructions with minimal
information are not acceptable.
12. WPSs shall be made available to the Engineer, Employer or Inspection

Authority on request.
J. Connection Design
1. The Contractor is responsible for the design of connections when they are
not fully defined on the contract documents.
2. Detail connections to satisfy the loads shown on the drawings.
3. All details/ connections are to be substantiated by full calculations unless

agreed otherwise.
4. Submit calculations of all connections. Calculations and details shall be

clearly keyed to the appropriate members on the construction documents.
Calculations shall bear the seal of the Engineer supervising design of the
steel connections.
5. Contractor shall not proceed with steel erection until these requirements
are fulfilled.

6. A slip factor of 0.45 has been and shall be used in the design of friction
grip joints.
K. As built drawings
1. Submit a complete set of reproducible Record Drawings which show the

works as finally fabricated and erected and shall clearly show the
location, orientation and level of the erected steel after completion of each
level of structural steelwork. The drawings will incorporate all changes,
additions and deletions to the Construction Drawings due to revisions,
change orders, field conditions, or any other reason.
2. The drawings should be submitted at the conclusion of each section of the

works:
a. Pier Roof
b. Central Space Roof
c. Internal Structures
1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. General
Refer to NSCC section 11
B. Inspection System
1. Maintain and operate a management system to ensure that the procedures

for design, detailing, purchasing, fabrication, erection and protective
treatment of steel components and structures can provide completed
steelwork that conforms to the requirements of this specification.
2. Quality Control procedures should be submitted for approval by the

Engineer for the following areas of work:
a. Mill works
b. Field works
c. Shop fabrication
d. Field fabrication
C. Tests, Procedural Trials, Trial Assemblies
1. Carry out or arrange to be carried out all tests on operatives, procedural

trials, tests on materials and workmanship and trial assemblies. All tests
are to be witnessed, approved or carried out by the Approved Independent
Inspection Authority.
D. System Acceptance

1. The system shall be assessed and certified as complying to the

requirements of BS EN ISO 9001 by an accredited certification body. The
system shall be open to audit and approval by the employer if required.
E. Scope
1. The system shall cover all procedures as detailed in BS EN ISO 9001 and
BS EN ISO 3834-3.
F. Personnel
1. Ensure that all personnel performing inspections and tests have

appropriate qualifications, experience and training.
G. Inspection Status
1. Operate a system approved by the Engineer for identifying the inspection

status at all stages of fabrication and erection.
H. Records
1. Keep records of all tests on operatives, procedural trials and tests on

materials and workmanship. Make records available to the Engineer for
examination.
2. All steelwork delivered to site shall be accompanied by the relevant mill

certificates and delivery records which are to be cross referenced to the
approved fabrication and/or erection drawings.
I. Function of the Independent Inspection Authority
1. The functions of the Independent Inspection Authority (IIA) shall include,

but not limited to the following.
a. Review of the Fabricators quality system in relation to the works
being carried out.
b. Review of the chemical and mechanical properties of materials to
be used in the works for conformity.
c. Review of all welding procedures proposed (in conjunction with
the Engineer).
d. Checking that personnel have required qualifications and
approvals.
e. Inspection of fit-up, weld preparations, flame cutting, bending,
machining, tack welding, welding pre-heats, completed welding
and dimensional conformity as required.
f. Witnessing and occasional random verification of NDT carried
out by the Fabricators inspectors.
g. Overview of destructive testing programme.
h. Witnessing of trial erection.

i. Inspection of blast cleaning, application of protective treatments

including drying time, overcoating times, stripe coats, minimum
coating thickness and quality of surface finish.
j. Installation and removal of temporary attachments.
k. Any other task that the IIA sees fit to ensure quality at the
approval of the Engineer.
J. Period of Notice
1. Agree a period of notice with the Engineer for all tests and before
commencing any trial assembly.
K. Mock Ups
1. Provide a full size mock-up of structural elements to the, extent as shown

on the drawings. Mock-ups shall be representative of the finished work
in all respects. Replace unsatisfactory work as directed by the Engineer.
Mock-ups shall be provided at the fabricator's plant. Mock-up assembly
will be used as a standard for judging acceptability of work on the project.
2. Apply finished paint system specified herein to exposed surfaces of

mock-up.
3. Provide foundation and bracing as required to maintain mock-up in a

stable condition until completion of the work. Paint bracing and touch-up
mock-up
4. After completion of fabrication, transport mock-up to job site and erect

where directed. Mock up components maybe incorporated within the
permanent works subject to approval by the Engineer.
1.7 QUALIFICATIONS
A. Connection Design
1. Design of structural steel connections shall be under the direct

supervision of a Professional Qualified Structural Engineer experienced
in the design of such components and shall conform to BS5950 and
endorsed by the approved ICE.
B. Qualification of Welders
1. Welders shall be tested to meet the requirements of EN 287. Attention

shall be paid to section 9 of EN 287, period of validity.
2. Welder approvals shall have been witnessed and approved by an

Independent Inspection Authority (IIA) or Examiner/ Examining Body
who shall be independently accredited (e.g. UKAS, ISO 9001).
3. As required ion EN 287, welders shall be tested within 2 years of the

previous test (ultrasonic radiographic) and the report kept with the
welder’s approval sheet. The welder shall be subject to re-test every 4
years.

4. Welders shall work within the stipulated limitations as given in EN 287 at

all times. Welds completed by welders found to be working outside
stated limitations may be required to be removed.
1.8 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING
A. Do not handle structural steelwork until paint has thoroughly dried. Care shall be
exercised to avoid abrasions and other damage.
B. Store materials to permit easy access for inspection and identification. Support
steel members off ground and undercover to provide shade. Protect steel
members and packaged materials from corrosion and deterioration or from
damage by construction operations. Materials showing evidence of damage will
be rejected and shall be immediately removed from the site.
C. Do not store materials on the structure in a manner that might cause distortion or
damage to members or supporting structures. Repair or replace damaged
materials or structures as directed.
D. All structural bolts, nuts, washers and load indicators shall be delivered to the site,
where they will be installed, in unopened containers. Protect all structural
fasteners from weathering and corrosion prior to installation and tightening

2. PRODUCTS
2.1 STRUCTURAL STEEL
A. Structural Steel
1. All steel materials shall conform to BS EN 10025 or BS EN 10210.

Quality grades as noted on the drawings. Steel must be certified to either
BS EN 10025 or BS EN 10210.
2. In the areas shown on project drawings, the materials shall be tested for
through thickness properties to the specified quality class in accordance
with BS EN 10164.
3. Also consider the requirements of BS EN 1011 in avoiding lamellar

tearing when designing connections.
4. Dimensions and Tolerances shall comply with the appropriate standard

shown in Table 1, BS 5950-2. The following compnents shall comply
with the relevant standards are follows:
a. Plates: Shall conform to BS EN 10029.
b. Structural Steel I and H Sections: Shall conform to BS EN 10034.
c. Angles: Shall conform to BS EN 10056-1 and BS EN 10056-2.
d. Hollow Sections: Shall conform to BS EN 10210-2.
e. Hot Rolled Sections: All other Hot Rolled sections not referred to
above shall conform to BS 4: Part 1.
f. Cold Rolled Sections: Shall conform to BS EN 10162.
g. Steel plate, sheet and strip under 3mm thickness shall conform to
BS 1449-1.1, BS EN 10111, BS EN 10209 and BS EN 1993-1-3.
Quality grades as noted on the Drawings.
5. Steel for fabrication is not to be more heavily pitted or rusted than Grade
C of BS EN ISO 8501-1.
6. Rectify surface defects in hot rolled sections, plates and wide flats
revealed during surface preparation which are not in accordance with the
requirements of BS EN 10163.
7. Rectify surface defects in hot finished hollow sections revealed during

surface preparation which are not in accordance with the requirements of
BS EN 10219-1.
B. Cold Formed Sections: Steel shall conform to BS 5950-7. Quality grades as noted
on the Drawings.
C. Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Shall not be used on the project.
D. Pre-Galvanized Steel Sheet: Shall conform to BS EN 10143, BS EN 10326 and

BS EN 10327. Quality grades and coating types as noted on the Drawings.
E. Tension Rod Cables: All tension rod cables as noted on drawings are to be
Macalloy S520 system with Macalloy fork end connectors.

2.2 FASTENERS, CONNECTORS AND ANCHORS
A. Fasteners
1. Assemblies of bolts, nuts and washers shall correspond to one of the

matching combinations in BS 5950-2:2001, Table 2 and section
2. Ordinary Bolts and Nuts shall conform to BS 3692 Grade 8.8.

Dimensions may be in accordance with BS 4190.
3. Countersunk Bolts Shall conform to BS 4933.
4. High Strength Friction Grip Fasteners Shall conform to BS 4395: Part 1,

General Grade.
5. Washers, plain and tapered steel washers for use with ordinary bolts shall
conform to BS 4320. High strength washers for use with HSFG bolts
shall conform to BS 4395 Part 1
6. Spring Washers shall conform to BS 4464.
7. Load Indicating Devices: Where load indicating devices are required, use
‘Coronet’ load indicating washers manufactured by ‘Cooper and Turner’
conforming to BS 4395 or torshear type bolts conforming to JSS II-09 or
equivalent subject to the approval of the Engineer in friction grip joints.
B. Surface Finish
1. Galvanising Materials: Unless noted otherwise bolt assemblies are to be

galvanized in accordance with BS EN ISO 1461. The composition of the
zinc in galvanizing baths shall be in accordance with BS 7371-6.
2. Electrodeposited Coatings: Electrodeposited coatings shall be in

accordance with BS EN ISO 4042.
3. Sherardized: Sheradised coatings shall be in accordance with BS 7371-8.
4. Surface Coatings: Paint materials and other coatings supplied shall be in

accordance with the appropriate British Standards for the materials
specified in the corrosion protection specification.
5. Metallic Blast Cleaning Abrasives: Chilled iron grit shall be in

accordance with BS EN ISO 11124-2, and cast steel grit shall be in
accordance with BS EN ISO 11124-3.
C. Shear Connectors/ Studs
1. Proprietary headed studs with a characteristic yield strength of 350N/mm²

and a minimum ultimate tensile strength of 450N/mm². Diameter and
nominal length as noted on the drawings. Shear studs shall be in
accordance with BS EN 13918.
2.3 WELDING MATERIALS
A. Welding Consumables
1. All welding consumables used for the arc welding of carbon and carbon
manganese steels are to comply with BS EN 1011-1, BS EN 1011-2,
BS EN ISO 2560, BS EN 440, BS EN 756, BS EN 758 or BS EN 1668 as
appropriate. Unless otherwise stipulated welding consumables shall
provide mechanical properties equal to the steel specification being
welded.
2. Consumables in the Steelwork Contractor’s works and on the site, shall

be stored and handled in a manner described in BS EN 1011-1 and in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Any additional drying or
baking shall follow the guidance provided by the consumable
manufacturer.
2.4 ACCESSORIES
A. Grout
1. Unless otherwise stated in the Drawings, grout around foundation bolts

and under column base plates is to be of non-shrink cementitious grout
and have a minimum compressive strength at 28 days as noted on the
drawings and is to be of the following form:
2. A fluid Portland cement based grout comprising Portland cement and fine
natural aggregate mixed in the ratio 1:1 by volume including the use of
approved expanding additives to avoid shrinkage. Sufficient water is to
be added to provide a viscosity suitable for the voids to be filled without
bleeding or segregation of the fresh grout mix.
3. Provide written confirmation that proprietary grouts used in the Works do

not contain high alumina cement.
2.5 FABRICATION
A. General
1. Workmanship and fabrication shall meet the following requirements or

BS 5950-2 as appropriate.
B. Identification
1. Mark and document all materials to ensure that traceability is possible

and that they are used as specified and in the locations shown on the
drawings.
2. Where appropriate, steel is to have additional paint marking for

identification of steel grade conforming to BS EN 10025-1.
3. Piece markings are to be in positions which are not masked by other

material after erection.
4. No steel is to be hard-stamped. Tag-mark steel which is to be blast-

cleaned, acid-pickled, metal-sprayed or galvanized.

C. Storage
1. Lay out steelwork in separate holding areas and keep clean.
2. Steelwork is to be adequately supported clear of the ground and

undercover to provide shade. Individual piece markings are to be visible
when members are stacked.
D. Handling
1. Plan and carry out bundling, packing, handling and transport in a manner
designed to prevent damage to the steelwork and any protective coating.
E. Damaged Steelwork
1. Restore any steelwork damaged during off-loading, transportation,

storage or erection to conform to the standards of manufacture as given in
this specification.
F. Cutting
1. Cutting and shaping of steel may be carried out by sawing, shearing,

cropping, thermal cutting, nibbling, planning or machining.
2. Use hand flame cutting only where it is impractical to use machine flame
cutting and is not to be used without prior approval by the Engineer.
G. Dressing
1. Dress the edges of all plate cut by flame to remove slag, scale,
irregularities and excessive hardening. The hardness value after dressing
for flame cut surfaces of all grades of steel is not to exceed 350HV when
tested to BS EN ISO 6507-1 with 10kgf.
2. Remove burrs, sharp arrises and ragged edges by grinding.
H. Bearing
1. Joints that depend on contact bearing are to have the bearing surfaces
prepared to a common plane by milling, sawing or other suitable means.
The bearing surfaces are to be at right angles to the nominal axis of the
member or such other angle noted on the drawings. No work need be
carried out on a bearing surface which is to be grouted direct to a
foundation.
2. Cut and grind bearing stiffeners to ensure a tight bearing along edges in
contact with flanges.

I. Straightening
1. No straightening is to be carried out which may result in material

properties that do not conform with the specified requirements for the as-
supplied material.
2. Provide straightening procedures for review by the Engineer before

commencement of the work.
J. Heating
1. No heating is to be carried out which may result in material properties

that do not conform with the specified requirements for the as-supplied
material. This applies to normalised steel, controlled rolled steel and
quench and tempered steels.
2. Provide heating procedures for review by the Engineer before

commencement of the work.
K. Accuracy of Fabrication
1. General
a. Fabricate steelwork to an accuracy that will enable erection
within the specified limits to take place without inducing
excessive stresses, deflection or distortion into the structure.
b. Fabrication tolerances on shape and dimension shall comply with
BS 5950-2 and this section of the specification as appropriate.
c. Where it is permissible to combine permitted deviations to
establish the acceptability of the position of a piece of steelwork
they shall be combined using the root sum square method.
d. The permitted deviations (∆) for various sections and components
are given in the clauses and diagrams below.
e. Unless specified otherwise permitted deviations refer to the
unstressed condition.
2. Tolerances on built-up members, including castellated beams, are to

comply with BS 5950-2.
3. Permitted Deviations in Accuracy after Fabrication:
a. Squareness of Ends Not

Prepared for Bearing

b. Squareness of Ends
Prepared for Bearing
Prepare ends with respect to

the longitudinal axis of the
member.
c. Straightness on Both Axes

or of individual webs or L±∆
flanges
d. Length
Length measured on the

centre line of the section or
on the corner of angles.
For cut length ∆ =

2+L/5000mm
For components with both

ends prepared for full contact
bearing including end plates
as applicable ∆ =1mm
e. Curved or Cambered
Deviation from intended

curve or camber at mid-length
of curved portion when
measured with web horizontal
Deviation = L/1000 or 6mm,

whichever is the greater
f. Squareness at bearings
Verticality of web at
supports, for components
without bearing stiffeners.
∆= D/300 or 3mm whichever is the
greater.
g. Compression Joints
Column splices and other connections that rely on contact for the
transmission of compressive stress shall be prepared such that the butting
faces comply with BS5950:Part 2 Clause 7.2.9 and:
a. Are at right angles to the axis of the member,

b. When measured against a straight edge laid against the full length
of the bearing surface in any direction:
1) over at least 50% of the length measured, the gap does
not exceed 0.25mm, and
2) over 100% of the length measured, the gap does not
exceed 0.75mm.
The maximum step between adjacent plates butting together on either side
of a contact in bearing type connection shall not exceed 2mm anywhere
along the plate.
The Contractor shall incorporate into his QA/QC system a standard pro-
forma sign off schedule for the off site and on site inspection of
compression splices in bearing.
4. Permitted Deviations for Elements of Fabricated Members:
a. Position of Fittings
For fittings and components

whose location is critical to
the force path in the structure,
the deviation from the
intended position shall not
exceed 3mm
b. Position of Holes
The deviation from the

intended position of an
isolated hole, also a group of
holes, relative to each other
shall not exceed 2mm
c. Punched Holes
The distortion caused by a

punched hole shall not exceed
∆
d. Sheared or Cropped Edges

of Plates or Angles
The deviation from a 90°

edge shall not exceed ∆.

e. Flatness
Where full contact bearing is

specified, the flatness shall be
such that when measured
against a straight edge which
is laid against the full bearing
surface in any direction, the
gap does not exceed ∆.
f. Notches
Depth and length of notch cut

in the end of a section
∆ = +2mm, -0mm
g. Column base plates and cap
plates
Centroid of column relative to

specified location on the cap
or baseplate
∆ =5mm in any direction
5. Permitted Deviations in Plate Girders:
a. Depth
Depth on centre line.
b. Flange Width
Width of BW or Bn
c. Squareness of Section
Out of Squareness of Flanges

d. Web Eccentricity
Intended position of web

from one edge of flange.
e. Flanges
Out of flatness
∆=B/100 or 3mm whichever

is greater
f. Top Flange of Crane Girder
Out of flatness where the rail

seats.
g. Web Distortion
Distortion on web depth or

gauge length
h. Cross Section at Bearings
Squareness of flanges to web.
6. Permitted Deviations in Fabricated Box Sections:
a. Plate Widths
Width of Bf or Bw

b. Squareness
Squareness at diaphragm
positions
c. Plate Distortion
Distortion on width or gauge

length
7. Permitted Deviations of Stiffeners:
a. Web Stiffeners
Straightness out of plane to

plate after welding.
b. Web Stiffeners
Straightness in plane with

plate after welding
8. Permitted Deviations of Lattice Girders:
a. Panel length
∆= 5mm

b. Cumulative length of panels
∆= 5mm
c. Joint eccentricity
Measured relative to any

specified eccentricity.
∆ = B/20 +5mm
d. Overall cross section
Overall depth D, the same

permitted deviations apply to
the width and diagonal
dimension
D,X or W≤ 300mm ∆ =3mm
300<D, X or W<1000mm ∆ =5mm
D, X or W≥ 1000mm ∆ =10mm
e. Tubular lattice girders;
Gap between adjacent brace
∆=5mm
9. Permitted Deviations of Cold Formed Sections:

a. Cross-sectional dimensions, other than thickness, shall be
measured at points not less than 200mm from the ends of the
member.
b. The thickness tolerances shall be as given in the product standard.
c. In open sections the permitted deviations on the external
dimensions of cross sections of internal elements bounded by two
corner radii shall be as given in the table below:
Wall thickness t Nominal width of internal element

B≤50 50<B≤100 100<B≤200 B>200
t<3 0.75 1.0 1.25 2.0
3≤t<6 1.0 1.25 1.5 2.5
6≤t<8 1.25 1.5 1.75 3

d. For an outstand element bounded by a corner radius and a free

edge the permitted deviations shall be as given in the table below.
Condition Thickness t Nominal plate Permitted

width deviation
Milled Edge t<3 ≤110 2.0
3≤t<8 ≤110 3.0
Sheared edge t<3 ≤110 1.0
3≤t<8 ≤110 1.75
e. The length of a member shall not deviate from its specified length
by more than 3mm.
f. The angle between adjacent elements of a section shall not
deviate from the specified angle by more than 1°.
g. The deviation ∆ of a member from straightness (or its intended
shape) shall not exceed 3mm or L/500, whichever is the greater.
In the case of complex cross sections, such as markedly
asymmetric sections, the permitted deviations shall be agreed
between the designer and the manufacturer.
h. The angle of twist shall not exceed 1°/m of length. In the case of
complex cross sections the permissible angle of twist shall be
agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
i. Permissible deviations in the dimensions of compound members
made up from two or more sections and built up structural
elements, such as lattice girders, shall be agreed between the
designer and the fabricator or manufacturer.
j. The distortion of the surface of an element in a concave or
convex direction shall not exceed B/50 where B is the width of
the element.
L. Welding
1. General
a. Welding shall be a metal arc process in accordance with BS EN
1011-1 and BS EN 1011-2 as appropriate, together with clauses
contained in this section.
b. Written welding procedure specifications shall be prepared in
accordance with BS EN ISO 15609-1, and tested in accordance
with BS EN ISO 15614-1 by the Steelwork Contractor. They
shall comply with the guidance of BS EN 1011-2 Annex C
Method A to avoid hydrogen cracking, and Annex D to provide
adequate toughness in the heat affected zone.
c. The Steelwork Contractors system for the management of
welding shall meet the standard quality requirements as described
in BS EN 3834-3. (Note: As a minimum, this requires that
welding coordination is undertaken by persons with technical
knowledge as that described in BS EN ISO 3834-5 Certified

International Welding Technologist, IWT.)
d. All welding documentation (welder qualifications, welding
procedure qualification records, welding procedure specifications
and associated work instructions) shall be reviewed for
applicability by the person responsible for welding coordination.
e. Joints shall be prepared in accordance with BS EN ISO 9692,
Parts 1 and 2. Precautions shall be taken to ensure cleanliness of
the connection prior to welding.
2. Assembly
a. Joints shall be fitted up to the dimensional accuracy required by
the welding procedure, depending on the process used, to ensure
that the quality in BS EN ISO 5817, level C is satisfied.
b. Fabrications assembled in jigs may be completely welded in the
jig, or may be removed from the jig after tack welding.
c. Tack welds may be used provided they are laid in the area to be
welded and are thoroughly removed by grinding or gouging such
that the subsequent welding is unaffected, or they are undertaken
by an approved welder as short length normal welds at least four
times the thickness of the thicker part being joined, or 50mm
whichever is the greater. The procedure shall comply with the
approved WP, or they are undertaken by an approved welder to
an approved WP, and the tack is fully re-melted during
subsequent welding (this will need to be substantiated by a
welding procedure).
d. The sequence of welding a joint or a sequence of joints shall be
such that distortion is controlled and minimised and specified
limits not exceeded (see BS 5950-2).
e. Welding of temporary attachments required for fabrication or
erection shall be made in accordance with the requirements for a
permanent weld and inspected. When removal is necessary, they
shall be flame cut or gouged at a point not closer than 2mm from
the surface of the parent material. The residual material may be
ground flush and the affected area visually inspected. When the
base material exceeds 20mm (or carbon equivalent > than 0.43%)
it shall also be checked by magnetic particle inspection.
Attachments shall not be removed by hammering.
f. Where the profile of the weld is maintained to the free end of a
run by the use of extension pieces they shall be of material of
similar composition, but not necessarily the same grade. They
shall be arranged to provide continuity of preparation and shall be
removed after completion of the weld and the end surface ground
smooth.
g. Where production test plates are specified for test purposes they
shall be clamped in-line with the joint. The grade of material,
carbon equivalent and rolling direction shall match the parent
plate, but need not be cut from the same plate or cast. The
production test plates shall meet the requirements of BS EN ISO
15614 for tensile, impacts and hardness unless otherwise agreed
with the Engineer.
3. Non Destructive Testing

a. Scope and frequency of weld examination shall be as per

Category A in Table L3-1
1) Butt Welds
Subject to the following non-destructive examinations:
a) Visual inspection to BS EN 970.
b) Penetrant test to BS EN 571-1 or magnetic
particle test to BS EN 1290.
c) Ultrasonic examination to BS EN 1714.
2) Fillet Welds
Subject to the following non-destructive examinations:
a) Visual inspection to BS EN 970.
b) Penetrant test to BS EN 571-1 or magnetic
particle test to BS EN 1290.
c) Ultrasonic examination to BS EN 1714 for welds
with leg length > 12mm.
b. Inspection levels may be reduced from the stated requirement in
the Table below at the Engineers discretion. This will only be
considered where fabricators have adequate quality control and
assurance systems in place and can demonstrate a prolonged
period of continuity of quality.
c. Automatic welding systems may not require inspection at the
levels shown below. Under such circumstances the steelwork
contractor may submit alternative inspection levels for review
and approval by the Engineer.
d. Site welds are to have 100% visual, MPI and Ultrasonic
inspection as appropriate for material thickness or weld size, as
shown in the Table below. Any reduction in site weld inspection
will require prior approval of the Engineer.

Table L3.1 – Scope of Inspection

Category A Inspection Category B Inspection
Weld Visu MPI Ultrasonic Visu MPI Ultrasonic
Type al al
FPBW 100 100% Material 100 100% Material
% thickness> 8mm % thickness> 8mm
100% 100%
FSBW 100 100% first 5 of Material 100 100% first 5 Material

% weld type, then thickness> 8mm % weld type, then thickness> 8mm
50% thereafter. 100% first 5 of 20%. 100% first 5 of
weld type then weld type then
50% 20%
PPBW 100 100% first 5 of Material 100 100% first 5 Material

% weld type, then thickness> 8mm % weld type, then thickness> 8mm
20% thereafter. 100% first 5 of 20%. 100% first 5 of
weld type then weld type then
50% 10%
FW 100 100% first 5 of Material 100 100% first 5 of Not required

% weld type, then thickness> 8mm, % weld type, then
20%, reducing to leg length > 12mm 10%, reducing
10% of weld 100% first 5 of to 5% of weld
length to include weld type then length to
start/stop zones. 10% of weld include
length start/stop zones.
o Full penetration butt weld (FPBW), a weld that is fully fused for the full
thickness of the material
o Full strength butt weld (FSBW), a weld that is not full penetration but is designed
to develop full strength of the connection but may have an un-fused land in the
centre.
o Partial penetration butt weld (PPBW), a weld that is similar to a FSBW but is not
designed to develop the full strength of the connection and will have an un-fused
land
o Fillet weld (FW), a weld that is normally between two plates at right angles. It
can also apply to plates lapped (lap weld).
o For the purpose of inspection, the weld shall be defined as the weld and the
adjacent material.

e. The inspector, Inspection Company or Examiner/Examining

Body shall be provided with all information to enable inspection
to be conducted and reported. This will include access to the
contract specification, WPSs, material certificates (to verify
grade), fabrication records (project identification).
f. Inspection records that fail to be identified to the project or have
the correct acceptance criteria stated will be rejected and all work
re-inspected. It is the fabricators responsibility to ensure the
inspector has the information required to perform his duties
g. The results of visual inspection, surface flaw detection and
ultrasonic inspection shall be recorded and be available when
requested. All defects shall be recorded in a repair register along
with remedial actions and final close-out report to verify repair.
Separate records for acceptable work and defective work are not
acceptable.
h. Visual Examination
1) Visual examination shall be made in accordance with BS
EN 970, sections 8,9 and 10 over the full length of the
weld. Such inspections shall be performed before any
required non-destructive inspection (to reduce time
wastage) and results recorded.
2) A full inspection report shall be made for all inspections
and shall record any defects on the same sheet as
acceptable work. Fabrications and welds shall be clearly
identified to enable traceability of any connections
inspected. Identification of connections or welds should
conform to the system adopted in the fabrication shop
and should not be a separate system devised by the
inspection company.
3) A suitably qualified person for visual inspection of welds
may be a welding inspector or a welder who can provide
evidence of having been trained and assessed for
competence in visual inspection of the relevant types of
welds during and after welding by a nationally
recognised authority (TWI, PCN, CSWIP, EN 473).
Internal company training schemes are not acceptable.
i. Surface Flaw Examination
1) Magnetic particle inspection (MPI) shall be in
accordance with Table L3-1 and conform to the
recommendations in BS EN 1290. If MPI is impractical,
dye penetrant inspection (DPI) may be used in
accordance with the recommendation given in BS EN
571-1, with the permission of the Engineer.
2) Final surface flaw detection of a welded joint shall be
carried out after completion of the weld in accordance
with the hold times given in Table L3-2.
and shall record any defects on the same report as


inspection company.
4) A suitably qualified person for surface flaw detection of
welds should be a welding inspector who holds a current
certificate of competence from a nationally recognised
authority that meets the requirements of EN 473 (PCN,
CSWIP, EN 473).
j. Ultrasonic Examination
1) Where ultrasonic examination is required in accordance
with Table K3-1 it shall be made in accordance with the
requirements of BS EN 1714 using reference method 1,
evaluation reference - 14dB (20% DAC) and examination
level B and recorded on the inspection report. Evaluation
reference -10 dB (33% DAC), as stated in EN 1714 will
not be accepted. Guidance for the required scans should
be taken from BS 3923 or, alternatively BS 3923, level
2B shall be used.
2) Ultrasonic inspection to AWS D1.1 is not acceptable to
the specification.
3) Ultrasonic examination of the welded joint shall be
carried out after completion of the weld in accordance
with the hold times given in Table L3-2.
4) In addition to weld examination through thickness
ultrasonic examination of the parent material may also be
necessary for weld geometries susceptible to lamellar
tearing.
and shall record any defects on the same report as
inspection company.
6) Inspectors carrying out ultrasonic examination shall hold
a current certificate of competence from a nationally
recognised authority that meets the requirements of EN
473 (PCN,CSWIP, EN 473).

Table L3-2 – Recommended Hold Times

Material Weld size Heat input (kJ/mm) Hold time (hours)
grade
All grades a or s ≤ 6 All Cooling period only
covered by 6 > a or s ≤ 12 ≤3 8
the ≥3 16
specification a or s > 12 ≤3 16
unless 40
≥3
notified
otherwise
by the
Engineer
(S275,
S355, S420)
(i) Size applies to the nominal throat thickness of a fillet weld (a), the nominal depth
of a partial penetration weld, or the material thickness of a full penetration weld
(s). For individual partial penetration butt welds the governing criterion is the
nominal weld depth (a), but for pairs of partial penetration butt welds welded
simultaneously it is the sum of the weld throats (a).
(ii) Heat input (Q) to be calculated in accordance with clause 19 of BS EN 1011-1
(iii) The time between weld completion and commencement of NDT shall be stated in
the NDT report. In the case of cooling period only this will last until the weld has
cooled to ambient temperature.
In certain situations hold times MAY need to be greater than shown. This is particularly
important when considering weld metal hydrogen cracking of higher strength steels and cases
where borderline conditions exist. This remains the responsibility of the Steelwork Contractor
to determine.
4. Acceptance Criteria and Corrective Action

a. Welds and adjacent material shall comply with BS EN ISO 5817,
level C.
b. For FSBW’s and PPBW’s the measured un-fused land shall not
be a cause for rejection as long as they meet the minimum
specified requirement for penetration as stated on fabrication
drawings.
c. All welds shall be repaired to meet the minimum requirements, a
record kept and the Engineer informed of serious defects (cracks,
lamellar tears, incorrect weld type).
d. If cracking or lamellar tearing is located inspection should
increase to 100% for the weld type and WPS. For less serious
defects inspection of previous welds should be conducted to
determine if the problem is more widespread (at least 2 welds). If
further defects are located increase inspection to 100% of weld
type using the same WPS and inform the Engineer.
Consideration should be made as to whether the defect is a
procedural problem or welder induced. Repair will require a
specific repair WPS which will need approval.
e. The Steelwork Contractor shall propose remedial measures for
the non-conforming welds for agreement with the Engineer prior
to carry out any repair works.
5. Shear Stud Welding

a. Shear studs shall be welded in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations for materials, procedures and
equipment. Adequate return earth connections shall be made local
to the area being stud welded.
b. When specified by the Engineer and before production welding
of studs commences, procedure trials shall be carried out. The
trials shall be made on samples of materials representative of
those to be used in the work (carbon equivalent, grade and
thickness).
c. After a satisfactory visual inspection, bend tests shall be made at
locations agreed with the Engineer. A minimum of 5% of the
studs, but not less than two studs per beam shall be tested.
d. A bend test shall be made by bending the head of the stud
towards the nearer end of the beam, by means of a steel tube
placed over a stud, until it is displaced laterally a distance of one
quarter of the height of the stud (at least 30°). The stud weld shall
not show any signs of cracking or lack of fusion.
e. Studs subjected to the bend test shall not be straightened.
f. Studs with defective welding shall be replaced in an adjacent
location and re-tested as above. Inspection shall increase to 5
adjacent studs, if further failure are found and determine the
cause before resuming welding.
M. Bolting
1. Holes
a. All holing shall conform to the requirements stated in BS 5950-2.
b. Drill and ream all holes unless agreed otherwise by the Engineer.
Punching should only be used on plates of small thickness.
c. Holes for ordinary bolts are to be of diameter not more than 2mm
greater than the diameter of the bolt for bolts up to 24mm
diameter, and not more than 3mm greater than the diameter of the
bolt for bolts over 24mm diameter, except in steel base plates and
where noted on the drawings.
d. HSFG Fastener Holes to comply with BS 4604.
e. Drifting to align holes is not to enlarge the holes or distort the
metal.
f. Where parts cannot be brought together by drifting without
distorting the steelwork, rectification may be made by reaming,
provided the design of the connection will allow the use of larger
diameter holes and bolts and is approved by the Engineer.
2. Holes in Hollow Sections: Seal bolt holes and vent holes in hollow
sections to prevent the ingress of moisture. If not specified on the
drawings, show the proposed method on the Shop Drawings.
3. For all bolt assemblies the strength grade combination of

bolt/nuts/washers is to be as prescribed or recommended in BS 5950-2.

4. Bolt assemblies are to be in such condition immediately before

installation that the nut turns freely on the bolt.
5. Re-tap nuts in galvanized bolt assemblies after galvanizing.
6. Washers
a. Each bolt assembly is to contain at least one washer placed under
the part being rotated.
b. Place Taper Washers under bolt heads and nuts bearing on
surfaces sloping 3 or more from a plane at right angles to the
bolt axis.
7. Tighten bolt assemblies containing spring washers until the spring washer
is completely flattened.
8. Secure nuts shall be used in connections subject to vibration or reversal of

stresses to prevent loosening. If not specified on the drawings, include the
proposed method in the erection details.
9. The length of bolt is to be such that at least three clear threads shows
above the nut after tightening, and at least one thread plus the thread run
out is clear between the nut and the unthreaded shank of the bolt.
10. Bolt and nut assemblies shall be tightened to BS 5950: Part 2. For non
preloaded bolts, bolts may be assembled using power tools or shall be
fully tightened by hand using appropriate spanners in accordance with BS
2583.
11. Movement Connections

a. Where slotted holes are provided for movement connections, the
joint is to be free to move.
b. Make bolted movement connections in the following manner:
1) The slotted hole is to be wider than the un-slotted hole.
2) A shouldered bolt is to be used, with a spring washer
under the head and the shoulder bearing on the faying
surface of the un-slotted member.
3) A flat washer is to be provided under the nut and the nut
tightened onto the un-slotted member.
12. High Strength Friction Grip Fasteners (HSFG)

a. The use of high strength friction grip bolts shall comply with
BS 4604.
b. Tighten high strength friction grip bolts using the 'torque-control'
method or
c. By way of Load Indicating Washers used in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.
d. If after tightening, a bolt or nut is slackened off for any reason,
the complete bolt assembly is to be discarded and not re-used in
the Works.
e. Following complete assembly and prior to any site painting, all
bolts shall be checked to ascertain that the minimum shank
tension has been obtained and that appropriate hardened washers
have been fitted in accordance with the requirements of BS 4604.
Records will be required to demonstrate that all HSFG bolts are
correctly installed and tensioned.
13. Faying Surfaces for HSFG Fasteners

a. Faying surfaces for HSFG Fasteners should be left unpainted
until full tightening is achieved.
b. Remove all mill-scale from the faying surfaces of friction grip
joints.
c. The faying surfaces of friction grip joints are to be free of
distortion, deformities or contaminants which may reduce the slip
factor below the design value.
d. Deformed surfaces shall be machined flat. Carry out tests to
BS 4604 to determine the slip factor after machining.
2.6 FINISH
A. General
1. The coatings and associated surface preparation required for structural

steelwork shall be as specified on the Design Drawings or in the Project
Specification.
2. The system will be selected from those shown in the Tables below.
3. The system shall comply with local regulations and best practice guidance
on VOC emissions from the systems used.
4. A single source of coating supply shall be used unless otherwise agreed

with the Employer.
5. Appoint a competent independent person or organisation to verify

compliance with the project specification.
6. Before any work commences for the application or reapplication of

protective coating(s), prepare and submit a method statement for the work
to the Engineer for approval. A copy of the approved method statement
shall be available where the work is carried out.
7. If the Project Specification permits or requires coatings, other than those

covered below, to be applied on site, then an inspection plan for the site
application work shall be included in the project quality plan. The
inspection plan shall include steps to monitor the quality of the materials
being used, the thickness of the applied coatings, and that the process of
application is in accordance with the product manufacturer’s
recommendations.
B. Workmanship
1. Coating materials shall be prepared, and coatings applied to surfaces, in

accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
2. The procedures for the transportation, handling and storage of coated

steelwork shall be such as to minimise the risk of damage to the coating.
3. Surface Preparation
a. At the time of coating the surface cleanliness shall be in
accordance with BS EN ISO 8501-1.

b. The surface profile of the steelwork to be coated shall be

compatible with the coating to be applied in accordance with BS
EN ISO 8503-2.
c. Measurement of the surface profile of steelwork to be coated
shall be made using the methods given in BS EN ISO 8503.
d. Steel for fabrication is not to be more heavily pitted or rusted than
Grade C of BS EN ISO 8501-1.
e. Surface defects revealed during surface preparation shall be dealt
with as below:
1) Rectify surface defects in hot rolled sections, plates and
wide flats revealed during surface preparation which are
not in accordance with the requirements of BS EN 10163.
2) Rectify surface defects in hot finished hollow sections
revealed during surface preparation which are not in
accordance with the requirements of BS EN 10219-1.
C. Sprayed Metal Coatings
1. Zinc or aluminium sprayed coatings shall be applied to the surface as

required by BS EN ISO 2063 to a thickness given in the Project
Specification or on the Design Drawings.
2. All reinstatement of damaged coatings shall be made good to the standard

of the original work.
3. If a sprayed metal coating is to be over-coated subsequently, it shall be

sealed before the application of the over-coating.
D. Hot Dip Galvanising
1. Galvanising shall be carried out in accordance with BS EN ISO 1461.
2. All galvanised components shall be subjected to 100% post-galvanising

inspection in accordance with procedure PGI-1 in Table 1 below unless
otherwise specified in the Project Specification. Any linear or crack-like
indications shall be recorded and reported to the Engineer as soon as
possible.
3. The Project Specification shall identify:
a. any components for which post-galvanising inspection is not

required (PGI-0)
b. any components that shall be subjected to procedure PGI-2A in
addition
c. any specific locations that shall be subjected to procedure PGI-2B
in addition.
4. The results of post-galvanising inspection shall be recorded. These

records shall be made available to the Engineer on request.
5. If evidence of cracking is identified, then the component and all similarly

shaped components fabricated with similar materials and weld details
shall be identified and quarantined as non-conforming products.
6. A photographic record of the cracking shall be made and procedure PGI-3

shall then be used to establish the scope and origin of the problem.
7. The results shall be submitted to the Engineer.
8. Quarantined components may only be repaired for use in the Works with
the agreement of the Engineer.
9. Inspection for cracking shall only be undertaken by suitably trained and

qualified personnel.
10. The Steelwork Contractor shall agree with the Engineer the position of
vent and drainage holes in hollow components as laid down in BS EN
ISO 14713, and any requirements for subsequent sealing.
Reference Visual Inspection (A) Magnetic Particle Testing (B)

PGI-0 Not required Not required
PGI-1 100% of all surfaces with Not required
special attention to areas
around welded connections and
joints.
PGI-2 Already required by PGI-1 On 10% of welded connections or
node points of welded joints.
PGI-3 Already required by PGI-1 Sufficient to establish the scope and
origin of the problem (1).
Personnel Already undertaken Non-destructive testing to be
undertaken by a person suitably
qualified on the technique to be used.
(1) Eddy current and alternating field measurements may be used to assist diagnosis.
Table1. Post –Galvanising Inspection Procedures
(Note to Table 1: Further guidance is available in the BCSA publication Galvanizing
Structural Steelwork - An approach to the management of Liquid Metal Assisted Cracking)
E. Paint Treatment
1. Paint coatings shall be to a system designated on the Design Drawings or

in the Project Specification.
2. Steelwork shall be prepared for painting in accordance with Section B

above of this specification.
3. Site weld areas and fasteners which are not suitably protected shall be
painted with an approved paint system to ensure similar properties,
performance and compatibility with the protective treatment system being
used on the surrounding surfaces.
4. Fasteners and bolt assemblies which are supplied with a protective

treatment which is equivalent to the protective treatment on the steelwork
need not be painted.
F. Coating of Surfaces to be encased in concrete
1. Structural steel surfaces to be encased in concrete may be left unpainted

and need not be blast cleaned unless required by the Project Specification.
G. Paint Coatings
1. For location and application of specified finishes refer to the Drawings.
2. The Steelwork Contractor shall wash down all steelwork with high
pressure potable water immediately prior to lifting steelwork into the
works.
3. Steelwork – no Fire Protection Required
Surface Preparation Blast clean to Sa2.5 of BS7079 part A1

Thickness
Coat Material 1.0,3.0 Application
/microns 2.0
Epoxy Zinc
Primer 75 Shop
Phosphate
Barrier Epoxy MIO 100 Shop
Finish Acrylic/Urethane 50 Site
Notes:
1.0 All materials shall be supplied from a single manufacturer and applied in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
2.0 The thicknesses quoted are MINIMUM DRY FILM THICKNESS (DFT).
3.0 All materials are to comply with the maximum Volatile Organic Content
(VOC) given in the current edition of the Secretary of State's Process Guidance
note
PG 6/23.
4. Steelwork - with Fire Protection
Surface Preparation Blast clean to Sa2.5 of BS7079part A1

Thickness
Coat Material 1.0,3.0 Application
/microns 2.0
Epoxy zinc
Primer 75 Shop
Phosphate
Barrier Epoxy MIO 100 Shop
Spray applied cementitious or
Fire Protection Site
intumescent fire protection 4.0, 5.0

Notes:
1.0 All materials shall be supplied from a single manufacturer and applied in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
2.0 The thicknesses quoted are MINIMUM DRY FILM THICKNESS (DFT).
3.0 All materials are to comply with the maximum Volatile Organic Content
(VOC) given in the current edition of the Secretary of State's Process
Guidance note
PG 6/23.
4.0 The Steelwork Contractor shall submit a written warranty from the paint
manufacturer that the primer used is compatible with an overcoated spray applied
cementitious or intumescent fire protection coating.
5.0 Intumescent Sealer is to be applied over the intumescent coat to provide the
required finish colour and seal the surface against moisture or water.
6.0 For fire ratings please refer to Architectural drawings and specifications
2.7 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL AND TESTS
A. Inspection System
1. Maintain and operate a management system to ensure that the procedures

for design, detailing, purchasing, fabrication, erection and protective
treatment of steel components and structures can provide completed
steelwork that conforms to the requirements of this specification. Section
01 40 00 - Quality Requirements: Testing, inspection and analysis
requirements.
2. Welding
a. Keep records to demonstrate that all welds (which includes
structural welds and stud welds) have been visually inspected and
repairs completed where required.
b. Keep records to demonstrate that welds have been inspected as
required in Table L3-1A, Magnetic Particle Inspection and have
complied with the requirements of Table B, BS EN ISO 5817 and
repairs completed.
c. Keep records to demonstrate that welds have been inspected as
required in Table L3-1A, Ultrasonic Inspection and have
complied with the requirements of Table B, BS EN ISO 5817 and
repairs completed.
d. Welding records are to be verified as compliant by an
Independent Inspection Authority.
3. Fabrication Tolerances
a. Records are to be kept of all the required dimensional inspections
to demonstrate that the tolerances shown in the specification and
Table 4, BS 5950-2 have been met.
b. Any deviations from the stated requirements will need a
concession from the Engineer which will need to be held with the
records or steelwork may be rejected. All concessions should

clearly identify the member or members affected and should be

traceable to individual items.
c. The fabrication tolerance records are to be verified as compliant
with specified requirements by the Independent Inspection
Authority.
4. Trial Assembly
a. Trial assemblies, where required, are identified on the structural
drawings. The trial assemblies shall comply with this
specification.

3. EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
A. Section 01 30 00 - Administrative Requirements: Verification of existing

conditions before starting work.
B. Before erection of steelwork, verify the levels of the supporting concrete structure
and position of cast-in anchor bolts, and whether the concrete has gained adequate
strength to withstand the erection stresses.
C. Check before erection of any steelwork that work abutting the steelwork to be
erected has been correctly placed in position and level.
D. Discrepancies
1. In the event of discrepancy, immediately notify the Engineer in writing.
2. Do not proceed with construction in the region of the discrepancy until all
such discrepancies have been resolved.
3.2 PREPARATION
A. Furnish templates for exact locations of items to be embedded in concrete and

masonry and any setting instructions required for installation.
3.3 ERECTION
A. Erection shall comply with this specification and the requirements given in BS
5950-2.
B. Foundation Bolts
1. Hold foundation bolts firmly in position during all setting-in operations.
2. Protect bolts, threads and nuts against damage, corrosion and

contamination at all stages of construction.
3. Keep pockets formed around foundation bolts clean and free from all
extraneous matter.
C. Erection Stresses: Do not exceed the stress limits given in BS 5950 during
handling and erection.
D. Temporary Works
1. Ensure that the steelwork is adequately braced or restrained to withstand

all loadings liable to be encountered during construction without inducing
excessive stresses, deflection or distortion in the structure.

2. Leave any temporary works in position until such time as construction is

sufficiently advanced to allow its safe removal.
3. Any connections for temporary works are not to weaken the permanent
structure or impair serviceability.
4. Effect on Permanent Works: The Steelwork Contractor shall be

responsible for justifying the impact of any temporary works on the
permanent structure.
5. Remove temporary attachments required for fabrication or erection after

use, unless written permission is granted by the Engineer permitting the
attachments to remain in the permanent works. The use and removal of
welded attachments is to comply with BS EN 1011-1 and BS EN 1011-2.
E. Alignment: Align each part of the structure as soon as practicable after it has
been erected. Do not make permanent connections between members until
sufficient of the structure has been aligned, levelled, plumbed and temporarily
connected to ensure that members will not be displaced during the subsequent
erection or alignment of the remainder of the structure
F. Temperature Adjustments: Take due account of the effects of temperature on the

structure and measuring equipment when measurements are made for setting-out
and erection, and for dimensional checks carried out subsequently.
G. Packing
1. Plumb and level columns using steel packs and wedges not larger than
necessary for the purpose and of adequate strength and stiffness.
2. Place packs so that they do not prevent subsequent grouting from

completely filling all spaces directly under the base plates.
3. Where packings are to be left in position and subsequently grouted, they

are to be placed such that they are totally enclosed by the grout.
H. Sliding Surfaces: Treat the sliding surfaces of uncoated expansion joints with
molybdenum disulphide grease before making the connection.
I. Thermal Cutting: Do not use thermal cutting equipment on site unless agreed
otherwise by the Engineer for specific applications.
J. Site Welding: Where site welding is required, provide suitable staging, platforms
and weather protection for welding operations. Site welding shall comply with all
the requirements given in Part 2 of the specification.
3.4 GROUT INSTALLATION
A. Six weeks prior to erection a grouting trial shall be carried out for baseplates in
excess of 0.25m² to ensure full grouting can be achieved. This shall be carried out
below a trial base plate which we be removed and grouting checked by the IIA.
B. Do not carry out grouting under column base plates until a sufficient portion of
the structure has been aligned, levelled, plumbed and adequately braced by other
structural components which have been levelled and are securely held by their
permanent connections.
C. Immediately before grouting, the space under column base plates is to be clean
and free of all extraneous matter.
D. Prepare, mix and place proprietary grout in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations.
3.5 ERECTION TOLERANCES
A. Accuracy of Construction
1. Erect steelwork within the limits stated below. Make all necessary
allowances and adjustments to achieve this accuracy, taking account of
the following:
a. All measurements be taken in calm weather, and due note is to be
taken of temperature effects on the structure.
b. The deviations shown for I sections apply also to box and tubular
sections.
c. Where deviations are shown relative to nominal centerlines of the
section, the permitted deviation on cross-section and straightness
may be added.
B. Datum References
1. At commencement of the Contract, the Steelwork Contractor shall agree

with the Engineer the bench marks as datum levels and for the purpose of
setting out the gridlines for the Works.
2. The Steelwork Contractor shall obtain the setting out dimensions from the
Engineer to set out the gridlines, and shall be responsible for the accuracy
of his work. Figured dimensions shown on the Drawings shall be taken
and the Steelwork Contractor shall verify all such dimensions and levels
before commencement of execution of the Works. The checking of any
setting-out or of any line or level by the Engineer or his representatives
shall not in any way relieve the Steelwork Contractor of his responsibility
for the accuracy.
3. At every structural level, the Steelwork Contractor shall establish both a

datum level and a horizontal reference grid which shall be related back to
the approved base bench mark and base reference grid in the forms agreed
by the Engineer
C. Permitted deviations for foundations, walls and foundation bolts

1. Foundation Level
Deviation from exact level
2. Vertical Wall
Deviation from exact position at

steelwork support point.
3. Pre-set Foundation Bolt or

Bolt Groups when Prepared
for Adjustment
Deviation from specified

position
4. Pre-set Foundation Bolt or

Bolt Groups when Not
Prepared for Adjustment

position
5. Pre-set Wall Bolt or Bolt

Groups when Not Prepared
for Adjustment

position
6. Embedded steel anchor plate
Deviation from the required

location and level
∆x, ∆y = 20mm
∆z = 10mm
D. Permitted deviations of erected components and structures

1. Position of Columns at Base
Deviation of section centreline

from the specified position
2. Overall Plan Dimensions
Deviation in length or width True overall dimension L≤30m

∆=20mm
True overall dimension L>30m
∆=20mm+0.25(L-30)mm
L is the maximum dimension in metres
3. Single Storey Columns Plumb
Deviation of top relative to base,

excluding portal frame columns,
on main axes.
NB for portal frames the frame

may need to be preset to achieve
this tolerance.
4. Multi-storey Columns Plumb
Deviation in each storey and

maximum deviation relative to
base.
∆H= max 50mm typically

∆H= max 25mm for columns adjacent to
lift shafts
5. Eccentricity at column splice
Non-intended eccentricity about

either axis ∆ =5mm

6. Alignment at column splice
Straightness of a spliced column

between adjacent storey levels. ∆ = s/500 where s is the distance to the
nearest floor
7. Gap Between Bearing Surfaces
8. Alignment of Adjacent
Perimeter Columns
Deviation relative to next

column on a line parallel to the
grid line when measured at base
or splice level.
9. Beam Level
Deviation from specified level at

supporting column.
10. Level at Each End of Same

Beam
Relative deviation in level at

ends.

11. Level of Adjacent Beams

within a distance of 5 metres
Deviation from relative

horizontal levels (measured on
centreline of top flange).
12. Beam Alignment
Horizontal deviation relative to

an adjacent beam above or
below.
13. Position in plan of members
Deviation in the specified

position of members other than ∆= 5mm
columns relative to adjacent
columns
14. Crane Gantry Columns Plumb
Deviation of cap relative to base.
15. Crane Gantries Gauge of Rail

Tracks
Deviation from true gauge.

16. Joints in Gantry Crane Rails /

Rail surface
Deviation in level at rail joint.
17. Joints in Gantry Crane Rails /

Rail edge
Deviation in line at rail joint.
18. Profiled Steel Floor Decking
Deviation of dimension between

deck edge trim and perimeter
beam
Note : Deviation (as shown)

between actual beam centre line
and intended beam centre line
arises from other permitted
tolerances
19. The thickness of bedding shall be within one-third of the nominal thickness
or 10mm, whichever is less, of the specified nominal thickness
20. The position of components supported on a bearing shall be within 5mm of

the specified position relative to the bearing along both principal axes of the
bearing
3.6 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. Section [01 40 00 - Quality Requirements] [01 70 00 - Execution and Closeout

Requirements]: Field inspecting, testing, adjusting, and balancing.
B. Erection Tolerances
1. Records are to be kept of all the required dimensional inspections to

demonstrate that the tolerances shown in the specification and BS 5950-2
have been met.
2. Any deviations from the stated requirements will need a concession from
the Engineer which will need to be held with records or steelwork may
not be accepted. All concessions should be clearly identified and
traceable.
3. The erection tolerance records are to verified as complaint with specified

requirements by the Independent Inspection Authority.

4. SPECIAL ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS FOR ARCHITECTURALLY

EXPOSED STRUCTURAL STEEL
4.1 GENERAL
A. This Section includes requirements regarding the appearance and surface

preparation of Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel (AESS). The section
applies to all steelwork which is exposed to view in the completed building
4.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. A. Fabricator Qualifications: In addition to those qualifications listed in Sections

1 to 3 of this specification, engage a firm experienced in fabricating AESS similar
to that indicated for this Project with a record of successful in-service
performance, as well as sufficient production capacity to fabricate AESS without
delaying the Work.
B. Erector Qualifications: engage an experienced Erector who has completed AESS

work similar in material, design, and extent to that indicted for this Project and
with a record of successful in-service performance.
C. Mock-ups: At least four weeks prior to fabricating AESS, the contractor shall
construct mock-ups to demonstrate aesthetic effects as well as qualities of
materials and execution. A mock-up for each of the following elements shall be
constructed:
1. As shown in the ‘Pier Facades and Garden Façade Tender Specification”
D. Build mock-ups to comply with the following requirements, using materials

indicated for final unit of Work.
1. Locate mock-ups on-site or in the fabricator’s shop as directed by

Engineer. Mock-ups shall be full-size pieces unless the Engineer approves
smaller models.
2. Notify the Engineer one week in advance of the dates and times when
mock-ups will be available for review.
3. Demonstrate the proposed range of aesthetic effects regarding each

element listed under the fabrication heading below.
4. Mock-up will have finished surface (including surface preparation and

paint system).
5. Obtain Engineer’s approval of mock-ups before starting fabrication of

final units. Retain and maintain mock-ups during construction in an
undisturbed condition as a standard for judging the completed work.
6. Approved mock-ups in an undisturbed condition at the time of Substantial

completion may become part of the completed work.

4.3 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Deliver AESS to Project site in such quantities and at such times to ensure
continuity of installation.
B. Store materials to permit easy access for inspection and identification. Keep steel
members off ground by using pallets, platforms, or other supports. Protect steel
members and packaged materials from erosion and deterioration. Use special care
in handling to prevent twisting or warping of AESS members.
C. Erect pre-painted finish pieces using padded slings or other methods such that
they are not damaged. Provide padding as required to protect while rigging and
aligning member’s frames. Weld tabs for temporary bracing and safety cabling
only at points concealed from view in the completed structure or where approved
by the Engineer during the pre-installation meeting. Methods of removing
temporary erection devices and finishing the AESS members shall be approved by
the Engineer prior to erection.
4.4 PROJECT CONDITIONS
A. Field Measurements: Where AESS is indicated to fit against walls and other
construction, verify dimensions by field measurements before fabrication and
indicate measurements on shop drawings. Coordinate fabrication schedule with
construction progress to avoid delaying the work.
4.5 COORDINATION
A. Coordinate installation of anchors for AESS members that connect to the work of
other trades. Furnish setting drawings, templates, and directions for installing
anchors, including sleeves, concrete inserts, anchor bolts, and items with integral
anchors, that are to be embedded in concrete or masonry. Deliver such items to
the project site in time for installation.
4.6 FABRICATION
A. Fabricate and assemble AESS in the shop to the greatest extent possible. Locate
field joints in AESS assemblies at concealed locations or as approved by the
Engineer. Detail AESS assemblies to minimize field handling and expedite
erection.
B. Fabricate AESS with exposed surfaces smooth, square and of surface quality
consistent with the approved mock-up. Use special care in handling and shipping
of AESS both before and after shop painting.
C. In addition to special care used to handle and fabricate AESS, employ the
following fabrication techniques.
1. Welds ground smooth: Fabricator shall grind welds of AESS smooth. For
groove welds, the weld shall be made flush to the surfaces each side and
be within +1.5mm, −0mm of plate thickness.
2. Contouring and blending of welds: Where fillet welds are indicated to be

ground-contoured, or blended, oversize welds as required and grind to
provide a smooth transition and to match profile on approved mock-up.

3. Continuous Welds: Where welding is noted on the drawings, provide

continuous welds of a uniform size and profile.
4. Minimize Weld Show Through: At locations where welding on the far

side of an exposed connection occurs, grind distortion and marking of the
steel to a smooth profile with adjacent material.
5. Piece Marks Hidden: Fabricate such that piece marks are fully hidden in
the final structure or made with such media to permit full removal after
erection.
6. Mill Mark Removal: Fabricator shall deliver, wherever possible steel with
no mill marks (stenciled, stamped, raised etc) in exposed locations, to be
confirmed with Engineer. In the first instance if mill marks appear in
exposed locations they should be transferred to a suitable location as
agreed with the Engineer. If a suitable location can not be agreed then
Mill marks shall be omitted, with the approval of the Engineer only, by
cutting of mill material to appropriate lengths where possible. Where not
possible, the fabricator can fill and/or grind to a surface finish consistent
with the approved mock-up.
7. Grinding of sheared edges: Fabricator shall grind all edges of sheared,

punched or flame cut steel to match approved mock-up.
8. Rolled Members: Member specified to be rolled to a final curved shape

shall be fully shaped in the shop and tied during shipping to prevent stress
relieving. Distortion of the web or stem, and of outstanding flanges or
legs of angles shall be visibly acceptable to the Engineer from a distance
of 6m under any lighting condition determined by the Engineer.
9. Seal weld open ends of round and rectangular hollow structural section
with 10mm closure plates. Provide continuous, sealed welds at angle to
gusset-plate connections and similar locations where AESS is exposed to
weather.
4.7 ERECTION
A. The erector shall check all AESS members upon delivery for twist, kinks, gouges
or other imperfections which might result in rejection of the appearance of the
member. Coordinate remedial action with fabricator prior to erecting steel.
B. Provide connections for temporary shoring, bracing and supports only where
noted on the approved shop drawings. Temporary connections not shown shall be
made at locations not exposed to view in the final structure or as approved by the
Engineer. Handle, lift and align pieces using padded slings and/or other protection
required to maintain the appearance of the AESS through the process of erection.
C. Set AESS accurately in locations and to elevations indicated, and according to

specifications referenced in this Section. In addition to the special care used to
handle and erect AESS, employ the following erection techniques:
1. Welds ground smooth: Erector shall grind welds smooth in the

connections of AESS members. For groove welds, the weld shall be made
flush to the surfaces of each side and be within + 1.5mm, -0mm of plate
thickness.

2. Contouring and blending of welds: Where fillet welds are indicated to be

ground contoured, or blended, oversize welds as required; grind to
provide a smooth transition and to match profile on approved mock-up .
3. Continuous welds: Where noted on the drawings, provide continuous

welds of a uniform size and profile.
4. Minimize weld show-through: At locations where welding on the far side

of an exposed connection occurs, grind distortion and marking of the steel
to a smooth profile with adjacent material.
5. Bolt head orientation: All bolt heads shall be oriented as indicated on the
contract documents. Where bolt-head alignment is specified, the
orientation shall be noted for each connection on the erection drawings.
Where not noted, the bolt heads in a given connection shall be oriented to
one side.
6. Removal of field connection aids: Run-out tabs, erection bolts and other
steel members added to connections to allow for alignment, fit-up, and
welding in the field shall be removed from the structure. Field groove
welds shall be selected to eliminate the need for backing bars or to permit
their removal after welding. Welds at run-out tabs shall be removed to
match adjacent surfaces and ground smooth. Holes for erection bolts shall
be plug welded and ground smooth.
7. Filling of weld access holes: Where holes must be cut in the web at the
intersection with flanges on to permit field welding of the flanges, they
shall be filled. Filling shall be executed with proper procedures to
minimize restraint and address thermal stresses.
D. Field welding: Weld profile, quality, and finish shall be consistent with mock-ups
approved prior to fabrication.
E. Splice members only where indicated.
F. Obtain permission for any torch cutting or field fabrication from the Engineer.
Finish sections thermally cut during erection to a surface appearance consistent
with the mock up.
G. Do not enlarge unfair holes in members by burning or by using drift pins. Ream
holes that must be enlarged to admit bolts. Replace connection plates that are
misaligned where holes cannot be aligned with acceptable final appearance.
4.8 FIELD CONNECTIONS
A. Assemble and weld built-up sections by methods that will maintain true alignment
of axes without warp. Verify that weld sizes, fabrication sequence, and equipment
used for AESS will limit distortions to allowable tolerances.
B. Obtain Engineer’s approval for appearance of welds in repaired or field modified

work.

4.9 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. A. Structural requirements: The Employer will engage an independent testing and

inspecting agency to perform field inspections and tests and to prepare test
reports.
B. AESS acceptance: The Engineer shall observe the AESS steel in place and
determine acceptability based on the mock-up.
4.10 ADJUSTING AND CLEANING
A. A. Touch-up Painting: Cleaning and Touch-up painting of field welds, bolted

connections, and abraded areas of shop paint shall completed to blend with the
adjacent surfaces of AESS. Such touch up work shall be done in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions
B. Galvanized Surfaces: Clean field welds, bolted connections, and abraded areas
and repair galvanizing to comply with this specification.
END OF SECTION


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Abu Dhabi Airports Company PJSC Specification, Section 051200

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and

D. The structural steelwork shown on the drawings and described in this

Contract: Midfield Terminal Building - General Contractor, AUH.06.10.0401 Page 1 of 53

This Specification shall be deemed to be supplementary to the Abu Dhabi

1. BS 4-1:2005 Structural Steel Sections – Specification for Hot

5. BS EN 473 Non destructive testing: Qualification and

Contract: Midfield Terminal Building - General Contractor, AUH.06.10.0401 Page 2 of 53

16. BS EN 2560:2005 Welding consumables. Covered electrodes for

27. BS 6472 Evaluation of human exposure to vibration in

1:2003 Recommendations for joint preparation, manual

1. National Structural Steelwork Specification for Building Construction

A. Independent Checking Engineer (ICE): Competent Chartered Structural Engineer,

B. Independent Inspection Authority (IIA): Competent independent body or

Contract: Midfield Terminal Building - General Contractor, AUH.06.10.0401 Page 4 of 53

C. Examiner/Examining Body: An independent person or organization whose

D. BCSA – The British Constructional Steelwork Association Limited

E. SCI – The Steel Construction Insitute

1. Section 01 33 00 – Submittal Procedures: Requirements for Submittals

2. All submissions shall be in accordance with the submission schedule

4. Approval by the Engineer of drawings prepared by the Contractor does

1. While the position of most steel members is directly defined on the

3. To ensure accuracy of these dimensions, the Contractor shall produce

1. Prepare a 3D computer model of the complete roof structure.

Contract: Midfield Terminal Building - General Contractor, AUH.06.10.0401 Page 5 of 53

2. Prepare complete and coordinated shop drawings showing anchor bolt

4. Reference shop drawings to specific location and detail number on the

5. Indicate locations, types and details of connections, including bolt hole

6. Show extent of painting.

7. Indicate location and type of special finish requirements, including

9. Copies of the Contract Documents will not be considered as meeting the

12. As requested by the Engineer, Contractor shall submit additional details,

14. Submit fabricators identification mark system prior to fabrication.

16. Submit cleaning and painting schedule.

Contract: Midfield Terminal Building - General Contractor, AUH.06.10.0401 Page 6 of 53

17. Review of Shop Drawings is of a general nature only. Responsibility for

1. Provide test certificates to demonstrate that steels used in the Works

2. Submit test reports by independent laboratories. Extent and frequency of

E. Submit Certificates of Compliance for:

1. Provide test certificates to demonstrate that steels used in the Works

2. Provide test certificates to demonstrate that bolts used in the Works

3. All welding consumables need to have certificates to demonstrate that

5. Tests are to be conducted either by the steel manufacturer, or test house

6. Provide test certificates to demonstrate that material used in the

7. Welder Qualification Certification

9. Compatibility between the primer and the spray-on fireproofing to be

Contract: Midfield Terminal Building - General Contractor, AUH.06.10.0401 Page 7 of 53

1. The Steelwork Contractor shall be responsible for the design, fabrication,

2. Where temporary restraints are used during erection which do not

3. Submit procedures, methods, sequences of erection, temporary shoring

H. Jacking and Tensioning Procedures

1. Submit procedures, methods, sequences of jacking and tensioning,

I. Welding Procedure Submittals

1. Welding procedure trials shall be witnessed and approved by an

2. Witnessing of procedures shall be undertaken by approved inspectors

3. Approvals may be previously qualified and/or approved to BS 4870 and

4. Documents required to support a welding procedure qualification record

Contract: Midfield Terminal Building - General Contractor, AUH.06.10.0401 Page 8 of 53

5. Formal Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs) shall be available in

6. WPS shall ensure that the range of qualification is within the

7. Generic work instructions are not acceptable.

8. All WPS shall be approved by the welding coordinator (IWT) before

9. Where WPSs are based on previously approved WPQRs they shall be