STRUCTURED

CABLING AND PEER-

TO-PEER
NETWORKING
 At the end of the session,
participants should be able to:
 Discuss what is computer networking and their purpose in a modern and
dynamic organization.
 Understand what is LAN and WAN
 Describe the different network topologies
 Identify and describe the function of Network Interface Cards
 Describe the function LAN and WAN devices (e.g. Hubs, Bridge, Switch,
Modems, Routers)
 Illustrate the network configurations by these network devices are used in
practical applications
 Understand the concept of Networking Protocols and their importance
 Define network and bandwidth and throughput and able to differentiate them
 Enumerate the different Network Technologies and Identify their most
common characteristics and application.
 General Objective
 DDESIGN AND BUILD AN ETHRNET
PEER-TO-PEER LOCAL AREA NETWORK.
 Specific Objectives (con’t)
 Learn the Fundamentals and Ethernet LAN, its physical topology
 Decide whether to use Ethernet Hubs or Switches in designing/building
LANs.
 Understand the importance of cabling Standards
 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the different Ethernet LAN
media
 Describe the TIA/EIA 586A Ethernet LAN cabling standards and illustrate
their primary specifications
 Assemble Ethernet LAN cables such Straight-Through, Cross Over, and Roll-
Over cables based on TIE/EIA 586-A standard.
 Build a practical Small Office peer-to-peer LAN on Win XP platform.
 Configure the peer-to-peer network and test its functionality.
 Setup a “residential Gateway” to implement a basic internet café network..
 WHY BUILD A COMPUTER
NETWORK?
1. Network Interface Card (NIC)
- A device that enables a PC or printer to be
connected to the network media (cable).
-A NIC has a unique physical address embe
dded into it by the manufacturer called MAC
Address.
-This address is to control data communication
for the host on the network.
Computer Network Classification
• Computer networks are generally classified as:
-Wide Area Network (WAN)
• A networks that covers a large geographical area ( e.g.
regional, national and global)
-Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
• A network that covers a metropolitan area
-Local Area Network (LAN)
• A network that covers a certain locality (e.g. school
campus, industrial plant compound)
 Local Area Network (LAN) Devices
(con’t)
• 2.PC Card
-LAN cards used in notebook computers
• Note:
- NIC’s and LAN Cards must be properly a
desktop PC or notebook PC to be able to
function properly.
 Computer Networking Devices
(con’t)
5.Switch
- Basically a multi-port Bridge having the same
basic function.
-Classified as “managed” and “ unmanaged”
and “unmanaged” switch.
• Managed switch are capable of network management and
virtual LAN (VLAN) implementation
• Unmanaged switch are passive devices and are not
capable of network management capabilities.
Examples of LAN Switch
Implementation
 Examples of LAN Switch
Implementation (con’t)
Virtual LAN (VLAN) implementation using
manageable switch.
Example of LAN Switch
Implementation (con’t)
Wide Area Network (WAN) Devices
1. Modem (modulator-demodulator)
- is a device that provides the computer with
connectivity to a telephone line. It converts data
from a digital signal to analog signal that is
compatible with a standard phone line. The
modem at the receiving end demodulates the
signal, which converts it back to digital.
-Modems maybe Installed internally or attached
externally to the computer using a phone line.
Wide Area Network (WAN) Devices
(con’t)
Network Devices Symbles
 Wide Area Network (WAN) Devices
(Con’t)
2. Router
- Special Purpose computer whose primary
function is to connect networks together
forming a WAN.
-Routers are the backbone of Internet
connectivity.
-Routers can be used as LAN devices for
“segmentation” purposes of large LANs to
enhance their efficiency.
 Network Protocols
How does computers and other network devices talk to each other?
• Computers use Protocols to communicate.
• Protocols control all aspects of data communication, which
include the following:
-How the physical network is built
-How computers connect to the network
-How data is formatted for transmission
-How that data is sent
-How to deal with errors
• The most widely used protocol suites is the
TCP/IP (Transmissions Control protocol/Internet protocol)
 Ethernet LANs
Typical small office/Home office LAN
• The most widely used LAN technology.
• Standard 100 Mbps bandwidth.
• Most common Ethernet variants:
-100Base-TX (UTO cabling)
-100Base-FX (Fiber cabling)
-1000Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet on UTP)
-1000Base-SX (Gigabit Ethernet on Fiber)
• 100m maximum cable length per node/PC (100Base TX).
• 550m maximum cable length per node/PC (1000BaseSX).
 What to use: Hubs or Switch???
Hubs characteristics:
• Hubs are passive devices switch allows
connected hosts to share the network media
forming a" collision domain”.
• The more hosts connected to the hub, the larger
the collision domain, resulting to less bandwidth
allotted for each host.
 Ethernet LANs

Typical Enterprise LAN

 What to used: Hubs or Switch???
(con’t)
Switch characteristics:
• Ethernet LAN switch provides dedicated full-
duplex connection between connected hosts.
• Hence, full network bandwidth is allotted to
each hosts regardless of their number.
• Manage switches are also capable of efficiently
managing the network by employing VLANs
 Ethernet LAN NIC
• Used to connect a PC/Printer etc. to network media.
Example of a current model high- end
Ethernet LAN card.
Features:
10/100 Auto- negotiating Ethernet interface,
with SNMP-based management
• Configure and monitor your network from one centralized
location
• Power-on any OC from anywhere on the network with Wake-
On-LAN support
• Optimize your Network traffic with 802.1Q VLAN support and
802.1 traffic priortization
 Cabling Standards: TIA/EIA
Telecommunications Industry Association Electronic Industries Alliance

TIA/EIA Standards
TIA/EIA-568A communication Building telecommunications cabling Standard

Communication Building Standard for telecommunications Pathways and

TIA/EIA-569A Spaces

Residential and Light Commercial Telecommunications Standard

TIA/EIA570A

Administration Standard for the Telecommunications

TIA/EIA-606 Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings

Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements

TIA/EIA-607
for Telecommunications
Ethernet Media (Cabling)
 TI/EIA-568-A
• The TIA/EIA standards address six elements of the
LAN cabling process:
• Horizontal cabling
• Telecommunications closets
• Backbone cabling
• Equipment rooms
• Work areas
• Entranced facilities
• The TIA/EIA standards specify the minimum
requirements for multi-product and multi-vendor
environments.
 TIA/EIA-568-A Cabling
Specifications
• Defines horizontal cabling as cabling that runs
from a telecommunications outlet to a
horizontal cross-connect
• Includes the networking medium that runs along
a horizontal pathway, the telecommunications
outlet for or connector, the mechanical
terminations in the wiring closet.
 Shielded Twister Pair (STP and
ScTP)
• Shielded twisted-pair cable (STP)
combines the techniques of shielding,
cancellation, and twisting of wires.
-Each pair of wires is wrapped in
metallic foil.
- The four pairs of wires are wrapped
in an overall metallic braid or foil.
• A new hybrid of UTP with traditional
STP is Screened UTP (ScTP), also
known as Foil Twisted Pair (FTP).
-ScTP is essentially UTP wrapped in a
metallic foil shield, or Screen.