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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Time management are usually taught growing up, so developing an organized

approach to your studies is an opportunity to learn how to work more efficiently. It is

important to know how students manage their time and how they deal with it. The

researcher wants to know the effective way in coping some struggles that they encountered

every day.

The study will be conducted at Trinity University of Asia wherein the senior high

school students encountered the problems in their studies because of managing their time

and also their attitude on their studies. It is a private University in Quezon City. The

researcher wants to know the ways of managing time of students in their home and school.

According to Hogg, & Vaughan 2005, Time management is the process where you

manage your time to perform various tasks. An attitude is a relatively enduring

organization of beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies towards socially significant

objects, groups, events or symbol. Attitude is a behavior of each person that can affect

everything.

Attitudes structure can be described in terms of three components. Affective

component, this involves a person’s feelings / emotions about the attitude object.

Behavioral (or conative) component, the way the attitude we have influences how we act

or behave. Cognitive component, this involves a person’s belief / knowledge about an

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attitude object. One of the underlying assumptions about the link between attitudes and

behavior is that of consistency. This means that we often or usually expect the behavior of

a person to be consistent with the attitudes that they hold. (Hogg, & Vaughan 2005)

According to the article of Qualifax, “Time Management- The key of being a

successful student” It helps prioritize the important and urgent tasks first. Good planning is

the key to getting the most from all your activities. This discipline also helps create a good

study life, balance and will benefits you in many areas of your life for years to come.

Once you've developed a term calendar, weekly schedule, and daily schedule, there

are several other strategies that will help you accomplish more and make the most

effective use of your time. Prioritize your assignments. As you progress through your

education, you'll find the topics of study become more complex, the work load more

demanding and the material more challenging. By the time you arrive at college, there just

isn't enough time in the day to get everything done. Start the habit of beginning your

studying with the most difficult, or important, subject or task first. Tackling the hardest

subjects first, while you're still fresh and energized, will make the remainder of your

studies much easier. Find a dedicated study space. Some students will spend the first 20

minutes of their study time just looking for somewhere to study. A key to ongoing time

management is to find a dedicated study space free from distractions where you can

concentrate. If you want to change up your study space, that's fine, just make sure to find a

study space that works and stick with it. Create blocks of study time. Not only should you

have a dedicated study space, you should have dedicated study time–blocks of time where

you focus on your studies. Blocks around 40 to 50 minutes are ideal, but may be longer or

shorter based on the subject and your ability to focus. It's okay to take study breaks during
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your blocks for a snack, or just to get up and walk around, but make sure to return to your

studies. Schedule activities for after your school work. One of the most difficult, yet

important, elements of effective time management is to put your school work first. It's easy

to say you'll get your school work done later, or just before you go to bed. It's just as easy

to say you'll do it tomorrow when bedtime arrives and you no longer have the disposition

or energy to get it done. Complete your school work as soon as possible. Putting off less

important activities until after you complete your school work will allow you stay on track

and focus on your "fun" activities without the pressure looming school work. Use helpful

resources. The old adage, if at first you don't succeed, try, try, try again, while useful for

many of life's situations, isn't always the best philosophy when you're strapped for time

and can't figure out your chemistry homework. As you progress through middle school,

high school and then into college, it's wise to rely on the help, expertise and knowledge of

others to assist you with the learning process. Smart friends, tutors, study groups, and even

the Internet, are useful resources for tackling complex subjects and making the most

effective use of your time. Join a study group. A study group offers several advantageous

to students, least of which is the ability to cover more material faster. Working in a study

group makes it possible to research and learn about various topics quickly. Each member

is assigned a topic and then provides a summary to the group. Get exercise. Eat right. Get

plenty of sleep. Yeah, you've heard this before, but let us say it again. Get exercise, eat

right and get plenty of sleep. If you're not at your peak, you won't be able to focus or

concentrate, nor will you have the energy or stamina to get your studies completed

efficiently. Going to bed an hour early can make all the difference the next day in your

ability to make the best use of your time. Be flexible. You can't plan for everything.
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Unforeseen obstacles are bound to pop up, so plan accordingly and be flexible. Just make

sure to get back on track as soon as possible and maintain your monthly, weekly and daily

schedule. (EducationCorner.com)

Time management includes setting goals, meeting deadlines, using time

management aids such as list making, coping with change, making plans, and effectively

organizing one's time ( Roberts and et al, 2006). Studies demonstrate that time

management skills can be trained (Carolyn and et al, 2012).posits that time management

may be influenced by cognition (e.g. goal setting and intention) and context (e.g. role of

the study environment). This is in line with the call to include individual characteristics

and others influence in time management research (Claessens et al, 2007). This is also in

line with related empirical findings. For example, high achieving students were found to

exhibit more self-regulated learning skills (Zimmerman & Martinez-Pons, 1990), and with

time management in particular (Eilam & Aharon, 2003).

Based on the perception of a student, you need to look for solutions to these

problem because nowadays, 60% of the students didn’t know how to manage their time

with, the help of our research, we can help students to prioritize and to know how their

time could be managed so that they can used it very well and productive. They always rely

on having a rush work that causes them to have a mistake in doing something. Some are

not responsible to have a plan for their specific action that they will need to do in order to

be organized in the process of making those activities.

According to Becton Loveless, the key to becoming an effective student is learning

how to study smarter, not harder. This becomes more and truer as you advance in your

education. An hour or two of studying a day is usually sufficient to make it through high
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school with satisfactory grades, but when college arrives, there aren't enough hours in the

day to get all your studying in if you don't know how to study smarter.

In the modern world, time is seen as an indefinitely divisible and usable commodity. It

helps to infuse the concept of time through the institution. All the material and human

resources possessed by organizations can be enhanced in the course of time or be

transformed as time goes on; yet the only asset that cannot be changed or purchased or

stored is time itself. The secret to achieving success in life is effectively managing this

resource that everyone possesses equally and paying sufficient emphasis to planning

(Macan, Shahani, Dipboye & Phillips, 2000). Though effective and efficient use of time

varies with respect to the tasks performed, the further increase in the level of knowledge

and skills expected from modern employees has further increased the necessity of time

planning. The road to success in social life passes through effective and efficient working

which is only possible via time management. The competitive environment we live in

today encourages people from as early as their elementary education to plan and manage

time effectively. The high performance required by competitive conditions forces

organizations and directors to use time effectively and stipulates the search to control time

(Alay & Koçak, 2003).

Time management plays a vital role in improving student’s academic performance

and achievements. Each and every student should have time management ability which

includes setting goals & priorities, using time management mechanism and being

organized in using time. Here time management is only possible through self-motivation;

performance, ability and motivation (Brigitte, Claessens, Eerde, & Rutte, 2005). These are

the few activities performed by today’s university students, which act as a barrier between
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them and their academic performance. Due to miss management of time they gap behind.

This study will help to analyze the positive or negative impact of time management on

academic performance of students. It will also help to make some decision about changes

we would like to make to use our time more effectively (Noftle, Robins & Richard, 2007).

There is no one right way to manage our time; however; it is important to get to know our

self, so we can make good decisions about how to use our time. Likewise, in the process of

providing educational services this issue has been a subject of interest discussed and

emphasized in several platforms and an attempt has been initiated to assess and analyze

time and the time management attitudes and behaviors of students in educational institutes

(Denlinger, 2009).

In developing countries where students have a lot of issues during academic journey

have a new story for the researcher to dig out much more interesting results. Time

management practices have an impact on the results of students as empirical studies done

by past researchers. In spite of knowing about the impact of time on academic

achievement, this relationship is not given importance by the students (Sevari & Kandy,

2011). At higher education level the study schedule must properly planned, implemented

and controlled for better results.Emphasizing time also helps to develop cost effective

educational policies by the authorities especially at higher education level (Kaushar,

2013). Ongoing problem of scarcity of knowledge in connection with time management

and academic outputs is due to lack of easiness and of costly ways of collecting data.

Driven by this fact, particular emphasis has been paid in the modern education system to

time management issues by evaluating students’ attitudes and behaviors related to time

and its management (Karim, Sevari, Mitra & Kandy, 2015).

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Based on the necessity of effective time management required from students during

their academic andprofessional life, field research has been conducted in the present paper

towards the aim of designating theirposition with respect to effective time management

and determining the effect of their time management skills on their academic

achievements.

According to Matt Mayberry, Time is one of life’s most valuable possessions, as it is

something you can never get back. Subsequently, one of the most essential life skills to

master is time management. After all, time management is really life management.

Learning how to make every day count for something is the objective. But it takes ridding

your life of procrastination and a great deal of self-discipline.

Mastering time management does more than just increase productivity. It can yield

important health benefits as well. When time is managed wisely, it minimizes stress and

improves the overall quality of your life.

If you often find yourself run down by your daily workload or overwhelmed by the

complexity of projects and tasks in your life, it is likely because you have not fully

mastered effective time management. As the day flies by, you realize you’re behind, or

you are on schedule only because you haven’t put forth your best effort in hopes of

completion.

Conceptual framework

From the concept of Mike Leamnson (2012) he developed a A Unique Concept of

Time Management. A focus on one task at a time and with a commitment to complete
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it and complete it well is the key to success in business and personal achievements.

You must have a plan to help you achieve the successes in your business life that you

want while still leaving time to also live your personal life to the fullest. The key to

being successful with these principles is an open mind. Behavioral scientists tell us

that the average person uses somewhere between 3% and 25% of their potential

resources – their abilities and talents.

The key to successful time management is obviously you. Calendars and planners

and charts alone will not keep you organized. Strategies and techniques are not

magical. A successful strategy requires engagement with you.

The Research Paradigm

Time Management of
Senior High School Data gathering and Time Management of
Students analysis of data through Senior High School
the survey Students are determined
▪ Home questionnaires and managed wisely..

▪ School
Figure I

Figure 1

Research Paradigm

As illustrated in Figure 1, the researchers paradigm has three boxes which includes the

input, process and out put. The first box where the statement of the problem is located, the
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second box, where the researcher gather and analyzed data through the survey

questionnaires and the third box where time management of students are determined ans

managed wisely.

Statement of the problem

The main problem of this study is to look into the struggles of Senior High School

Student in Trinity University of Asia every day and how they deal with those problems.

The researcher wants to know the following questions:

1. What are the students time management in:

1.1 Home

1.2 School

2. Based from the results of the study, what program can be proposed to manage their time

wisely?

Significance of the study

The result of the study will be beneficial to the following:

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Students are the one who benefits in our research because they will conduct a

possible solution to avoid failing grade of every student who encountered these problems.

They will benefit by knowing how to manage the important things they need to do with

their appropriate time.

Parents. They will learn that their child are mostly benefited by their cooperation

and support of having time management of their children. They will help them realize the

importance of having time management in human life. This will lead them to teach their

children how to manage their time well, planning and organizing as early as possible.

Teachers. They will guide their students to have an effective time management

towards their studies. The result serves as a guide in organizing their time in their daily

life.

Future researcher. They will explore more answers based on the research that they

want to know.

Scope and Delimitation

The study was focused on the senior high school student in Trinity University of Asia.

This study will be conducted to know how time management can be a basis for

spending time wisely, this study limits the senior high school at Trinity University of Asia.

The main purpose is to help balancing their time properly and to be able to do other things.
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In this research our target population is the Grade 12 Senior High School students in

Trinity University of Asia and they consist of different strands of STEM, HUMSS and

ABM. We selected 24 students in each strand as participant for our study.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are hereby defined in order to establish a common frame of

references in the courses of discussion of the study.

Affective component- this involves a person’s feelings / emotions about the attitude

object.

Behavioral component- the way the attitude we have influences how we act or behave.

Businessmen- who are worth their salt anticipate and make provisions for foreseeable

delays in getting to their appointments, rather than curse or use them as an

excuse.

Challenges-something needing great mental or physical effort in order to be done

successfully, or the situation of facing this kind of effort.

Cognitive component- this involves a person’s belief / knowledge about an attitude

object. One of the underlying assumptions about the link between attitudes

and behavior is that of consistency.

Effective student- who learn how to study smarter, not harder.

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Long Range Planning- means to have long-range objectives and having disciplined

routines.

Performance- the action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or

function.

Short Range Planning- time management activities surrounded by daily or

weekly time structure and cover the activities such as setting objectives at

the commencement of the day, planning and prioritizing daily

behaviors and creation work contents.

Time Attitude- a key shift in emphasis: concentrate on results, not on being busy.

Time management- the ability to use one's time effectively or productively, especially at

work.

Time saving techniques and behaviors- numerous groups and be liable to contribute to

a number of fundamental qualities in general.

CHAPTER 2
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literature studies as they are related

to the study.

The main purpose of the review related literature and studies is to provide to

researcher with theoretical background and gave more meanings and depth to the

discussion and analysis of the data gathered.

Foreign Literature

There is a titanic difference between secondary and higher education when it

comes to managing time and academic responsibilities. In secondary education, there

was the kind of learning that includes an explanation of everything. On the other hand,

when students enter university, they find out that what they learn is a lecture, that only

includes superficial information and the rest is their job to know about and explore

further (Britton & Tesser, 2001). Time management is a skill that every student

should not only know, but also apply. A lot of university students complain about

running out of time when asked to do a certain task, they get frustrated because

they are not able to make it before the deadline. Time management is extremely important,

especially when it comes to university students because it will boost their grades and

enhance their productivity (Laurie & Hellsten, 2002). However, most of the time students

face problems like task aversion and uncertainty, so they start to procrastinate because

they lack organizational skills. As a result, students will not be able to organize duties

according to their priorities, so they get distracted easily, ending up procrastinating. As we

can see, time management is quite essential to any university student, and it
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is one of the keys to higher academic achievements (Kelly, 2004). In the

relevant literature there are great number of academic studies focusing on the relation

between time management and academic achievements. The related literature showed that

the time management attitude and skill levels of university students and the effects of these

skills on their academic achievement. The research revealed that a majority student

possesses moderate level time management skills and only a significantly small portion

has high level time management skills (Yilmaz, Yoncalik & Bektaş, 2006). The literature

revealed that the students’ time management skills affect their academic achievement at a

significant level and the skills are one of the predictors of academic performance. The

relevant literature suggested that students should start to acquire time management

senses on their own in their primary school years by reading materials on the issue or via

the framework of psychological counseling and guidance studies applied in schools and

adopt effective time management attitudes and techniques to determine how and where

they spend their time (Lisa & Robert, 2008). The various group of students who exploited

time-saving proficiencies notably had rich academic achievement. They accomplished

those students who do not use time saving techniques in their educational

surrounding having significantly lower academic as compared to results students who

employ time- management tactics have considerably higher achievement (Mercanlioglu,

2010). To calculate the cumulative time spent working during a week, these objects were

also added. Time management practices have been proven to be some of the top

indicators toward achieving a high level of academic success and performance. They

not only influences on the achievement but using time management techniques also serve

only one reason meaning that there are multipurpose fulfilled by time management (Fazal,
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2012). Taking part in proceedings and being engaged in other outside class activities, not

inevitably a job, but being energetic in institution also has a strong correlation to

reaching high academic achievements. Various studies showed that time management

practices serve for many purposes not only for challenging performance of the students.

Time management practices show the way not only to a high level of academic

performance, but to good physical condition and lower levels of stress. The foremost

purpose of the present study was educational competency, using time managing

techniques, test pressure, and test proficiency (Faisal, Miqdadi, Abdulla & Mohammad,

2014). Academic competence scores were established to some extent improved

in the current sample indicating that students found course material/content encouraging

and enjoying their classes. 2.2 Dimensions of Time Management: The effectual utilizing

of time and managing time requires procedures and good quality planning behaviors. One

can make use of time effectively and competently by keeping time logs, setting

immediate and long- standing goals, prioritizing responsibilities, constructing to-do lists

and arrangement, and organize one’s workspace, as studies of earlier period and

plentiful how-to books proposed (Sabelis, 2001). Time saving techniques and

behaviors can be categorized into numerous groups and be liable to contribute to

a number of fundamental qualities in general. There are three surfaces of time

management behaviors: short-range planning, long- range planning and time attitudes

(Laurie & Hellsten, 2002). Short-range planning is the capability to set out and

systematize responsibilities in the short period of time. Long-range planning competence

is to handle everyday jobs over a longer time perspective by keeping follow of

significant dates and setting objectives by putting adjournment (Alay & Koçak,
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2003). A. Long Range Planning Long-range planning means to have long-range

objectives and having disciplined routines. Various researchers named it as having

perception of a preference for organization and it is comparable to long range planning. To

acquire a summary on the everyday jobs that necessitate to be executed,

time limits and priorities which increases the perception of having control over time

so, in the long run, planning enables one to deal with all activities (Kelly, 2004). It directs

to have less perception of control over time because it may be tackling to be familiar with

how much effort requires to be completed within hours, days or weeks; it

may even be the immediately measurable effect of planning. This gives the impression

to indicate that time management practices accomplish to have an influence on educational

achievement, but that’s not all they affect (Brigitte et al., 2005). It was also found that

the students had advanced overall academic achievements who accounted using

goal-oriented time management practices. B. Short Range Planning Short-range

planning was defined as time management activities surrounded by daily or weekly time

structure and cover the activities such as setting objectives at the commencement of

the day, planning and prioritizing daily behaviors and creation work contents (Yilmaz et

al., 2006). Numerous studies invented that short-range planning behavior, forecasting

of time in the short run, surrounded by the time enclose of a week or less,

established a constructive relationship to grade point average. Short range

planning in interface with accomplishment determined was optimistically associated

to dealing performance as well (Noftle et al., 2007). Likewise, most of the studies that

control for the student time do so by determining total time committed to the course, a

variable normally found to be unimportant. Academic achievement means the

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educational objective that is accomplished by a student, teacher or institution realize

over a definite short period (Lisa & Robert, 2008). In a different research finding it

has been demonstrated that there exists a positive significant relation between students’

grade point averages and the time attitudes and the short-range planning. C. Time

Attitude Time management demands a key shift in emphasis: concentrate on results, not

on being busy. There are a lot of cases with people who waste their lives in discolored

doings and attain very small since they are placing their labors into the incorrect

responsibilities or weakening to focus their activity successfully, established that two

time management workings directly affect the collective academic achievements

(Mercanlioglu, 2010). The perception of how their time requires to be used up or

planning including utilizing short and long period goals and time attitudes or students

accomplished that both planning and encouraging time attitudes initiated that they had

much more time to finish their everyday jobs because they experiences more in control of

how their time was exhausted therefore knowing when they had to state no to activities

(Kaushar, 2013). The literature revealed that time management practices that

connected to the individual's awareness and attitudes about time management

and is comparable the perception of having control over time. Therefore, time attitudes

comprise the perception that the individual is in control of time the perception that the

person is efficiently managing his time and the perception that the individual is making

constructive utilization of time (Karim et al., 2015).

According to Karim Babayi Nadinloyi, Proper time management is key to success in

college. You need to manage time effectively if you‟re going to be successful. The

purpose of this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of time management training on
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academic time management of students.In this experimental research, 70 students from

university of Mohaghegh Ardabili in Iran were randomly selected and then assigned in

experimental and control groups .Then, two group completed academic time management

scale in pre-test phase. The experimental group received time management training in 10

sessions (90 minute each session) whereas the control group never had any training. In

post-test, experimental and control group completed academic time management scale

again.Data were analyzed with SPSS (version 17) and the UNCOVA analysis showed

significant differences in two groups and time management was increased in the

experimental group. (p≤0. 05). The results showed that time management skill in the

experimental group was better than the control group.

Local Literature

According to Thuy Lam | Manitoba Start, Time Management: A Key to Success, Do

you ever feel like you’re running out of time? We all get the same 24 hours in a day. Why

does it seem like some people are able to achieve so much more with those 24 hours than

others? The answer is found in effective time management.

Time management is about how you organize and plan the time you spend on specific

activities. On the surface of things, it seems that time management should be easy and

straightforward—something that just happens. In practice, time management is a skill that

takes effort to develop.

The ability to manage your time effectively can benefit you in many ways:

•Increased productivity and efficiency

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•Decreased stress

•Greater opportunities to achieve important life and career goals

•More time where it matters

•A dependable and professional reputation

Conversely, being unable to manage your time effectively can have negative

consequences:

•Inefficient workflow

•Missed deadlines

•Higher stress levels

•Lower quality of work

•A poor professional reputation

Time management is about spending your time in the right places, on the right thing. In

order to manage your time effectively, it’s important to know your priorities, obligations,

and schedule. You have to find the strategy that works for you. The following tips can help

you to improve your time management skills:

1.Prioritize work. At the start of each day, make a list of tasks, beginning with the ones that

require your immediate attention. Some tasks may need to be completed that same day

while others can be carried forward to the next day. Prioritize your tasks to focus on the

ones that are more important.

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2.Avoid procrastination. Procrastination wastes essential time and energy and has a

negative effect on productivity.

3.Avoid multitasking. Many of us feel that multitasking is a more efficient way of getting

things done. In reality, we do better when we focus and concentrate on one task at a time.

It’s better to finish one task before moving to another.

4.Set up deadlines. Set a realistic deadline for your task and stick to it. It may help to set

the deadline a few days before the task is due so you can complete any other tasks that

might get in the way. Challenge yourself to meet the deadline, and reward yourself for

meeting a difficult challenge.

5 Schedule tasks. Carry a notebook or a planner with you to write down all the tasks that

come to mind—or enter them on your phone. Make a to-do list at the start of each day, and

prioritize your tasks. Make sure your to-do list for the day is attainable.

Practicing these time management skills will allow you to be in control of your time and

your life. It will allow you to maintain balance between your work, personal, and family

responsibilities. Time management is a key to success!

Foreign Studies

According to Top Universities, organize your days so you can strike the right balance

between home, work and university life. You should also try and eat some brain food - and

no, we don't mean crisps and energy drinks!

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By taking the time to arrange your priorities, you can give yourself the best chance of

staying on track and organized during the exam period, which in turn can help reduce

stress levels, something that can be the difference between success and failure at

university.

They also gave 7 tips for people on how they can manage time. The first one is making

a list of what you have to do for the day, and making a note of how much time you need to

prioritize for each one on the list. The second is creating a schedule for the day, week, or a

month, putting time on what you have to do. The next one is allowing a little extra time in

you have spent a lot of time on one work. Next is allowing time for planning to avoid

having re-read and repeat any research. And then avoid procrastination and distraction,

people most likely get distracted on what they are doing like on studying, students

sometimes get distracted while they study and some chooses other things than doing what

is required. Always exercise, to clear everything in your head and get back to focus on

what is needed to be done. And lastly always evaluate what you have done for the day,

what you have accomplished for the week, so for the next time you can improve more.

According to Planet of Success, applying proper study time management strategies

can help you to save time and stress; plus: it will enable you to spend more time on your

hobbies and spare-time activities. Furthermore, it will help you to empower your study

efforts as you will be able to spend more time on important subjects. Study time

management definition: Study time management is the process of applying skills and

techniques to save time, study efficient, set aims and reach study-goals effectively.

Students that apply study time management will be able to beat procrastination and focus
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their full attention on their studies, which will finally allow them to spend more time with

leisure activities.

From Robert A. Roe, time management behaviors relate positively to perceived control of

time, job satisfaction, and health, and negatively to stress. Time management training

seems to enhance time management skills, but this does not automatically transfer to better

performance.

Local Studies

According to Raul J. Palabrica - @inquirerdotnet Philippine Daily Inquirer, for the nth

time, there are moves to make “Filipino time,” or the habit of many Filipinos of coming

late for their appointments, a thing of the past.

Last week, the Department of Science and Technology, in cooperation with the

Philippine representative of the Discovery Channel, announced its plan to make Filipinos

time-conscious.

Dubbed as “Juan Time” project, the campaign will start with encouraging Filipinos to

synchronize their clocks and watches with the Philippine Standard Time.

With everybody aligned to the same time reference, it would no longer be an

acceptable excuse to come late on account of the wrong time indicated in the timepiece.

According to some Filipino sociologists, this tardiness habit is a carryover of the

practice during the colonial times of Spanish officials delaying their attendance in formal

functions to show their “ascendancy” over those who came earlier.

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It was the kastilaloys’ subtle way of saying that they have more important things to

attend to so they should not be expected to be as prompt as the punctual attendees.

Fifty years of American rule, which emphasized time discipline, were not enough to wean

Filipinos away from this deplorable vestige of Spanish colonialism.

Excuses

Road traffic is often blamed for failure to get to appointments on time. This is

acceptable if road congestion during business hours and the early evening is an unknown

factor in Metro Manila and other urban centers in the country.

But only the dumb and deaf can truthfully say that road congestion is a fortuitous

event. Until new roads are constructed to accommodate the new motor vehicles that

Filipinos buy every year, traffic in the metropolis will remain horrendous.

Unless you are the president of the Philippines or one of those obnoxious personalities

who think they enjoy superior rights in road usage, sufficient allowance just have to be

made for inefficient or disorderly traffic flow in our midst.

Businessmen who are worth their salt anticipate and make provisions for foreseeable

delays in getting to their appointments, rather than curse or use them as an excuse.

They know that if they are late for their appointments, the person they’re doing or plan

to do business with may entertain serious doubts about their capability to live up to their

contractual obligations in the future. First impressions last.

Discipline
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Odd but true, it has been said that if you want something done quickly and properly,

give it to someone who is busy or has a lot of things on his plate. He will find a way to do

the extra job without sacrificing his other responsibilities.

The lazy or unproductive person will always find a reason for not being able to do the

job, or failing to deliver the desired output.

Notice how the country’s top business executives are able to hold several

management positions at the same time without losing their focus or becoming nervous

wrecks.

Their secret? Time management. They know the difference between the essential and

nonessential, and they carefully allocate the 24 hours in a day that all of us have.

In business meetings, the efficient businessman sticks to the agenda and avoids, as

much as possible, discussions on extraneous matters unless they are relevant to the matters

at hand.

When the company’s top honchos are sticklers to time and treat tardiness as no

laughing matter, expect their employees to be equally conscious of the need to perform

their work within the allotted times.

Contrary to popular belief, management gurus are not impressed by business

executives who habitually work late at night, on weekends or holidays and, in the process,

neglect their personal lives, including their families.

 25

Unless they’re workaholics, or people who live to work and not the other way round,

something must be wrong somewhere with the way they use their waking hours or run

their business.

Respect

Regardless of a person’s status or station in life, the way he attends to his

appointments or pre-arranged activities is indicative of the worth he gives to the other

person or persons.

By coming on time, he is sending a clear message to his counterpart that he respects

him and values his time. That he considers it rude, if not a sign of poor character, to make

him wait and feel unsure on whether or not the appointment will push through as earlier

arranged.

Of course, apologies can be offered or excuses, both real and imagined, can be made

for being late. The punctual party can only grin and bear it. But deep within him, he knows

that his tardy counterpart did not consider him important enough to be worth leaving early

to get to the appointment on time.

Noticeably, when living in the Philippines, Filipinos are prone to observing “Filipino

time” in their daily activities. But when they’re abroad, that behavior seems to disappear.

So where does the fault lie? In our cultural upbringing or in the person? Hopefully, the

“Juan Time” project can find the answer to this riddle.

In the journey of a lifetime, the way that a person deals with challenges and limits will

largely determine his or her success (Robbins, 1986). Such limits include basic concerns
 26

such as time available during a day, information available for directing activities, and the

person’s capacity to manage activities within the context of specific desires and goals. The

person who responds to challenges with integrity, resourcefulness, and determination will

be more likely to succeed (Covey, 1989). Resource usage and management – whether the

resource is time, money, information, talent and ability, or character – is key. There is no

better time to learn the skills necessary to use resources than in college, when a person is

establishing the patterns that will govern his or her life (Carter, Bishop, Cravits, 2002).

This brief paper will outline some important time management and study skills, and will

provide commentary on how these skills can be applied to make one a better student and a

better person. Conducting Successful Library and Internet Searches

From a student’s perspective, there is perhaps no other skill that is more important

than learning how and where to access information. This skill is critical because applying

it successfully will help the student to become more efficient and effective – thereby

freeing up more time to fulfill other time obligations even while achieving better grades.

More importantly, as one enters the workforce, he or she will continue to access

information. It is important therefore to know what constitutes good information, and how

best to get it.

How and where to find academic resources online. Academic resources can be found

in a variety of places. A college library is often the most important resource for accessing

research journals, although many public libraries carry some such resources. In the case of

a distance learning college, students may not have access to a physical library, and may

have to approach a local.

 27

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the methods and procedures involved in the study including the

research design, population, sample and sampling techniques, research instruments, data

gathering procedure and statistical treatment used in data analysis.

 28

Research Design

This study used Descriptive survey method, which is suitable to the following

situations and different subjects. According to Aliaga and Gunderson, (2000), is

explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using

mathematically based method. The researchers used questionnaire to gather data about the

given topic of time management, and to be able to know the stand of groups of people who

answered the following questions stated.

Population, Sample, Sampling Technique

In this research our target population is the Grade 12 Senior High School students in

Trinity University of Asia and they consist of different strands of STEM, HUMSS and

ABM. We selected 24 students in each strand as participant for our study using the random

sampling technique.

The researcher used Slovin’s Formula to get the sample size.

n
1  Ne2

Research Instruments

The research instrument was researcher-made questionnaire. It was used to know the

different style and strategy of the respondents on how they manage their time well.

The researcher used 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and the respondents must

answer the following by the use of agree or disagree.

 29

Statistical Treatment of Data

The formula that the researcher used was Weighted Mean formula this is used when

you have limited information about the characteristics of the population and are using a

non-probability sampling procedure. The statistical tool that the researcher used is

percentage.

Weighted mean refers to the set of data taken from the average of the population

(Broto, 2006).

Formula; WM=
 fx
N

Where: WM= weighted mean

 fx = sum of the products of the frequency with weights

N= sample size

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter discusses the presentation, analyses and interpretation of data on the

selected respondents on how the students manage their time. Specifically, the researchers

sought to answer the following questions:

 30

Problem 1.1. What are the students time management in home?

Table 1.1 presents the assessment on what are the students time management in home.

Table 1.1
Summary of Values Showing The Average Weighted Mean And Verbal
Interpretation Of The Assessment On What Are The Students Time
Management In Home.
_______________________________________________________________________
Behavior AWM Interpretation
1. I have a personal time table which I follow. 3.03 Sometimes
2. I spend my vacant time doing chores. 3.2 Sometimes
3. I tried to determine if I have wasted my
time on unimportant things. 3.4 Sometimes
4. I spend most of my time doing
important things. 3.43 Sometimes
5. I sleep on time to start the day
. as planned. 2.84 Sometimes
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN: 3.18 Sometimes
LEGEND
4.51- 5.00 - Always/Very Good
3.51- 4.50 - Often/Good
2.51-3.50 - Sometimes/Either Good or Poor
1.51-2.50 - Rarely/Poor
1.00- 1.50 - Never/Very Poor

The table reveals that the statement "I spend most of the time doing important things"

is the indicator with the highest average weighted mean of 3.43 verbally interpreted as

"Sometimes". Indicator number 5 "I sleep on time to start the day

. as planned." has the lowest average weighted mean of 2.84 and is verbally

interpreted as "Sometimes". There is no common numerical value. The variable has an

average weighted mean of 3.18 and verbally interpreted "Sometimes".

According to Steve Muller (2017) which talks about the proper time management

strategies that can help the students to save time and stress; plus: it will enable you to

spend more time on their hobbies and spare-time activities.

 31

The researcher also relate the study of Stephen Covey who developed an excellent

method of setting priorities by examining each task in terms of urgency and importance.

Covey calls Quadrant 1 -- the urgent and important goals -- "the quadrant of necessity",

The most important quadrant is quadrant 2 -- "the quadrant of opportunity", Quadrant 3 is

"the quadrant of deception." and last is Quadrant 4 -- "the quadrant of waste"

Problem 1.2. What are the students time management in school?

Table 1.2 presents the assessment on what are the students time management in school.

Table 1.2
Summary of Values Showing The Average Weighted Mean And Verbal
Interpretation Of The Assessment On What Are The Students Time
Management In School.

Indicators AWM Interpretation

1. I make use of my travel time by reviewing
some of my notes in school. 3.13 Sometimes
2. I do my project and assignments first before
I do anything else. 3.37 Sometimes
3. I use calendar to write down deadlines
and things to do. 3.45 Sometimes
 32

4. I’m able to say no when I’m pressed

for time. 3.39 Sometimes
5. I finish one job or task before going
on to the next. 3.47 Sometimes
Average Weighted Mean 3.36 Sometimes__
LEGEND
4.51- 5.00 - Always/Very Good
3.51- 4.50 - Often/Good
2.51-3.50 - Sometimes/Either Good or Poor
1.51-2.50 - Rarely/Poor
1.00- 1.50 - Never/Very Poor

It is observed that the indicator "I finish one job or task before going on the next" is the

indicator with the highest average weighted mean of 3.47 verbally interpreted as

"Sometimes" while the indicator number 1 "I make use of my travel time by reviewing

some of my notes in school" has the lowest average weighted mean of 3.13 and is verbally

interpreted as "Sometimes".The overall weighted mean of 3.36 and verbally interpreted

"Sometimes".

This study can be related to the literature of Erdem (1999) defines it as the

implementation process of management functions such as planning, organizing and

controlling one's own activities in order to reach targets in an individual's private and

working life in the most efficient and effective way.

According to Sayan (2005) she defines time management as an opportunity to provide

more time for better planning of a career, preparing for the future, reading more and

learning more, following developments and improvements in technology, sparing more

time for family members and acquaintances, entertaining, thinking, creating new ideas and

starting new projects.

Problem No.2: Based from the results of the study, what program can be proposed to

manage their time wisely.

 33

There are several findings that the researcher acquired from the students interview

as to their views relating to what they considered in managing their time at home and

school. The students needs to start improving their time management skills by organizing

their days and weeks in advance. Learning how to prioritize also need to address by the

students to make efficiently execute of any project, they need to decide which stages or

components of the project are most important to their school and the impact of each

stage/component in the short, medium, and long terms.

What we recommend to the students to do for them to be able to manage their time

wisely first is that: Prioritize work-Students today should know what to prioritize or what

should they do first before doing anything else.Avoid procrastination, the students should

avoid rushing because they could end up messing up their work. Avoid multitasking,

students should avoid doing their task all together because this could lead to depression.

Set up deadlines, students should set the deadlines of their task. This way they could be

able to do the task earlier without rushing. Schedule task, the students should schedule

their task, this way they could lessen yourselves from rushing when the deadline is already

near.

This is one of the skills that students should practice in order to have a better plan not

only for the things that they are doing but also to have a knowledge that time is very

important to each and everybody. Time management requires discipline, planning, a

strong attitude, and the help of a few good tech tools. But if the students get it right, it will

definitely pay off in terms of higher productivity and lower stress levels.
 34

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapters presents the summary or the research work undertaken, the conclusions

drawn and the recommendation made as an outgrowth of this study.

Summary
 35

This chapter will provide an overview of the extent and what ways the objectives of

the study have been realized. The overall purpose of the study was to know how does the

senior high school students manage their time at home and school in Trinity University of

Asia. the following chapter includes this report. A summary of the research findings of

research is presented, and findings of the study are discussed and interpreted.

Recommendations for further research at the end of the chapter.

This study is a quantitative research,according to Aliaga and Gunderson (2000), is

“explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using

mathematically based methods. This research utilizes numbers and statistical analysis. The

researcher used Descriptive statistics that involves tabulating, depicting, and describing

the collected data. They used frequency distribution to record the number of individuals or

cases located in each category on the scale of measurement. The data are summarized to

reveal overall data patterns and make them manageable. It was used to know the different

style and strategy of the respondents on how they manage their time well. The researcher

used quantitative as their research to easily analyzed the data.

Summary of Findings

Based on the results of the statistical analysis of the data, the findings are summarized

as follows:

Problem 1. What are the students time management in home?

 36

The table reveals that the statement "I spend most of the time doing important things"

is the indicator with the highest average weighted mean of 3.43 verbally interpreted as

"Sometimes". Indicator number 5 "I sleep on time to start the day as planned." has the

lowest average weighted mean of 2.84 and is verbally interpreted as "Sometimes". There

is no common numerical value. The variable has an average weighted mean of 3.18 and

verbally interpreted "Sometimes".

1.2 What are the students time management in school?

Based from the data gathered, "I finish one job or task before going on the next" is the

indicator with the highest average weighted mean of 3.47 with an interpretation of

"Sometimes" while the indicator, "I make use of my travel time by reviewing some of my

notes in school" has the lowest average weighted mean of 3.13 and is verbally interpreted

as "Sometimes".The variable has an average weighted mean of 3.36 and verbally

interpreted "Sometimes".

2. Based from the results of the study the improvements can be proposed.

Prioritize work-Students today should know what to prioritize or what should they do

first before doing anything else.Avoid procrastination, the students should avoid rushing

because they could end up messing up their work. Avoid multitasking, students should

avoid doing their task all together because this could lead to depression. Set up deadlines,

students should set the deadlines of their task. This way they could be able to do the task

earlier without rushing. Schedule task, the students should schedule their task, this way

they could lessen yourselves from rushing when the deadline is already near.

Conclusion
 37

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn:

Time management is a very important skill to be learned and to be mastered in order to

have a better lifestyle.The researchers conclude that the Senior High school students

should have finish the important things first at home and school. They also conclude that

the Senior high school group of respondents have the same perception on managing their

time wisely. The researchers conclude that we must finish one task or job before doing to

the next to make the job or task more easier for us to finish.

Time should be kept not as an enemy, but as a companion towards your destined

paths. There's a time for love and romance, for jubilation, and for sorrow. There’s a time to

relax, and a time to catch up with the running moments. But what is important is to be in

control of time, no matter how pressured or tight any situation might be. We have different

perceptions regarding this temporal aspect we call time.

Likewise, we have to be equipped with the right information and updated with the

critical intelligence to get into where we must go, wasting no time at all. We should lead

our lives with ways to manage our resources, energy, and time efficiently.

Recommendation

Based on the conclusion, the following recommendations are proposed:

1.The questionnaires can also be distributed to workers or employees for them to be able to

manage their time well not only the students.

 38

2.The findings of the study can be used as a guide of the future researchers when they

doing a research related to Time Management.

3.This study can be used in different fields for them to be aware especially when they’re

also suffering from procrastination and etc.

4. A standardized interview or a researcher-administered survey can also be used as an

instrument in gathering data. It is a long process yet accurate.

5.It is better to have at least four Review of Related Literature for the respondents and

future researchers to have a lot of basis.

6. There is a need to hold seminars and lectures for students to help them on how to

distribute the right time for each subjects.

7. Teachers and parents should advice their students to strive hard to complete their

assignments as well as other academic activities on time so as to avoid not meeting

deadlines.