Steam Turbines
Safety Instruction General Safety Information
General
This section is intended for the operator/user as well as
the erection and operating personnel of steam turbines, and
contains the relevant information necessary for safe opera-
tion of a steam turbine.
The steam turbine is designed to state-of-the-art technol-
ogy and complies with the applicable safety standards
Please read this section carefully and make sure that you
comply with the instructions in order to safeguard against
personal injury and damage to the steam turbine.
Please note that the safety information in this section is
general and applies to different types of turbine. Further safe-
ty notices appear in the other sections of the technical docu-
mentation and apply in addition to the information presented
here.
In cases where items supplied by third parties are used,
the respective manufacturer's documentation shall be com-
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its content is not
permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages.
All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model
plied with (see Section 1.1.8). Items from other Siemens
Groups, such as the Siemens Electric Motors and Drives
Group, are also among the outside vendor parts.
As used in this section, ”technical documentation” refers
to both product and operating documentation. Refer to Sec-
Copyright © Siemens AG 2007 - All Rights Reserved
tion 1.1.1-01000 ”Manual Survey” for more information re-
garding the structure of the technical documentation.
As used in the technical documentation, the term ”steam
turbine” also refers to the auxiliary systems.
This section only includes dangers originating from the
or design, are reserved.
steam turbine. Not included here are other dangers which
may arise from the interaction with other systems and other
factors at the steam turbine installation site.
Safety Notice Structure
Various safety notices are used in the steam turbine tech-
nical documentation to indicate information of particular im-
portance. Safety notices always have the same structure.
- Each safety notice is identified by a symbol (pictogram)
to the left of the safety notice.
- A signal word (e.g. Caution!) indicates the level of danger
which can result if the notice is not observed. The safety
word is printed in bold type.
- The nature of the danger is then described (e.g. risk of
injury from suspended loads).
- Measures to avoid the danger are indicated whenever
possible.
Class: Restricted
The order in which the dangers are listed is in no way
indicative of the degree of danger.
Siemens AG MA &MQB030
Energy Sector
Signal Words
All safety notices are introduced by means of a signal
word. The signal words danger, warning, caution and notice
facilitate clear, prompt recognition of the meaning of the warn-
ing notices:
- Danger!
”Danger!” is used when death or severe personal injury
will occur if the safety notice in question is ignored or not
sufficiently complied with.
- Warning!
”Warning!” is used when severe personal injury or severe
damage to equipment could occur if the safety notice in
question is ignored or not sufficiently complied with.
- Caution!
”Caution!” is used when personal injury or damage to
equipment of minor to intermediate severity can result if
the safety notice in question is ignored or not sufficiently
complied with.
- Notice!
”Notice!” is used when there is only a danger of minor
damage to equipment if the safety notice in question is
ignored or not sufficiently complied with.
- Note!
”Note!” is used to identify any important information re-
garding particular procedures or the use of specific tools
or materials as well as any information relevant to ensure
maximum steam turbine efficiency.
Note:
Irrespective of any safety notices it is the respon-
sibility of the operator/user to take all the requisite
measures to avoid any personal injury or damage
to equipment.
Pictograms
To highlight the safety information contained in the text,
safety notices are combined with pictograms:
There are three categories of pictograms:
- Warning signs (outlined triangles with symbols in the
middle) e.g.
Risk of injury!
This pictogram precedes information, orders and
prohibitions intended to prevent personal injury.
Risk of equipment damage!
This pictogram precedes information, orders and
prohibitions intended to prevent damage to equip-
ment.
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 Steam Turbines
Safety Instruction
- Prohibitive signs (circles outlined in red with black sym-
bols on white background) e.g.
No smoking!
- Prescriptive signs (white circles with white symbols on
blue background) e.g.
Hearing protection required!
Additional pictograms can be found in the technical doc-
umentation. The meaning of these pictograms can be deter-
mined from the brief description of the type of danger which
is presented at the beginning of the safety notice. Many pic-
tograms indicate a specific danger (e.g. suspended loads or
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its content is not
permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages.
All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model
an explosion hazard) and are used in place of the general
pictograms listed above.
In many cases, there is a risk of both personal injury and
damage to equipment. In this case, only the pictogram indi-
cating the risk of personal injury is used to avoid excessive
use of pictograms. Additional pictograms are not used to in-
Copyright © Siemens AG 2007 - All Rights Reserved
dicate the dangers (e.g. risk of personal injury) resulting from
the failure to comply with prohibitions and prescriptions.
In the interest of clarity, warning notices presented in ta-
bles are not accompanied by pictograms.
Note!
or design, are reserved.
Other manuals (e.g. operating manual) and third
party documentation may in some cases use oth-
er pictographs or signal words.
Identification of Important Information
Tips on procedures, notes regarding necessary tools and
materials, etc. or special information regarding economical
operation of the steam turbine are identified as follows:
This pictogram precedes tips on economical and
effective work on the steam turbine.
If notices occur in tables, no pictogram is used; instead,
the signal word ”Note!” is printed in bold type.
Normal Turbine Operation
Class: Restricted
The function of a steam turbine is to convert thermal en-
ergy to mechanical energy for driving a machine (electric
generator).
Siemens AG MA &MQB030
Energy Sector
General Safety Information
To ensure normal and trouble-free operation of the tur-
bine it is necessary to comply with the operating instructions
as well as the inspection and maintenance intervals specified
for the steam turbine.
Siemens Power Generation does not accept any liability
for any damage which may occur as a result of use of the
steam turbine for any other purpose, steam turbine operation
with fluids other than those specified in the contract or non-
compliance with the aforementioned operating instructions or
inspection and maintenance intervals.
Warning!
Risk of injury and equipment damage: Improper
use of the steam turbine can adversely affect the
(operational) safety of the steam turbine and re-
sult in personal injury and equipment damage.
General Organization
The following instructions must be followed to ensure safe
and reliable operation:
The following measures reduce or eliminate
the risk of injury:
- Ensure that the relevant personnel have understood and
comply with all safety instructions and warnings. This in-
cludes occupational safety regulations and plant-specific
requirements (e.g. a safety, health and environmental
protection program).
- The operating instructions must always be kept on hand
at the place of installation.
- The operator/user is solely responsible for ensuring com-
pliance with all applicable legal and other requirements
regarding occupational safety, accident prevention, fire
and environmental protection, etc..
- Compliance must be ensured not only with the technical
documentation, but also all locally-applicable legal and
other requirements regarding occupational health, acci-
dent prevention, fire and environmental protection, etc..
- The operator/user is obliged to prepare procedures,
specifications and plans for operation, work and mainte-
nance based on the technical documentation. Include
supplementary operating instructions to cover plant as-
pects such as work organization and work sequences.
- These operating procedures must cover actions to be
taken in the event of injuries, fire, accidents and equip-
ment damage. Also bear in mind that the source of danger
must be eliminated/secured as soon as possible.
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 Steam Turbines
Safety Instruction
- Identify on-scene incident commanders for such emer-
gency situations and provide requisite training (also in
First Aid). Ensure that an on-scene incident commander
is always on the premises even when a reduced number
of employees is on duty (e.g. weekends).
- Regularly perform emergency response drills involving all
power plant employees.
- The operator/user shall also ensure that all the equipment
required for first aid measures, particularly annunciation
systems, first aid rooms, first aid material and equipment
for transporting ill or injured personnel are available and
ready for use. This equipment shall comply with general-
ly-recognized technical and medical standards as well as
standards of hygiene. Used (dressing) material and med-
ical supplies shall be replaced as soon as possible.
- First aid equipment shall be provided with clear and per-
manent identification, and information shall be posted on
the location of first aid material, rescue equipment and
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its content is not
permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages.
All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model
equipment for transporting ill or injured employees.
- Following an accident, first aid measures shall be imple-
mented immediately and, arrangements for professional
medical care taken, if required.
- Where the customer is informed of safety-related
Copyright © Siemens AG 2007 - All Rights Reserved
changes in the form of Basic Solutions (BSol), Special
Solutions (SSol) and Field Revision Requests (FRR),
these must be implemented within the timeframe given
therein. This applies both to technical changes as well as
to changes in the documentation.
- If the documentation attached to the BSol, SSol or FRR
or design, are reserved.
contains safety-related changes, the operator must im-
plement measures to ensure that no injury or damage can
occur through the use of the outdated documentation.
This can, for example, take the form of red entries in all
existing copies of the manuals and the insertion of com-
ments in the electronic versions. Safety-related changes
are in this context taken to mean changes designed to
avoid personnel injury or material damage.
- It is the operator's/user's responsibility to ensure that all
hazardous materials on site are properly labeled and
safely stored and handled. It must also be ensured that
all persons who come into contact with these materials
are informed as to the associated dangers as well as the
appropriate protective/safety and first aid measures.
- Comply with all the applicable laws, regulations and stip-
ulations when storing, transporting and disposing of op-
erating media, cleaning agents, etc.
- Hazardous areas shall be clearly marked as such and
Class: Restricted
access restricted or prevented as appropriate. Additional
probitive signs shall be posted as appropriate (e.g. No
Smoking, No Open Flame, ...).
Siemens AG MA &MQB030
Energy Sector
General Safety Information
- All prescriptive, probitive and warning signs must be du-
rable and must be clearly posted at the corresponding
locations. Compliance with these signs must be ensured.
- All persons assigned to perform work on the steam tur-
bine shall familiarize themselves with all the pertinent op-
erating, work and maintenance procedures and particu-
larly with the dedicated safety sections in the documen-
tation prior to commencing work. This particularly applies
to personnel such as maintenance personnel who do not
work on the steam turbine on a regular basis.
- The operator / user shall be responsible for ensuring
compliance with all safety instructions and warnings at
the steam turbine and in the technical documentation.
- Any irregularities during operation must be reported di-
rectly to the supervisor and investigated, and the steam
turbine shut down immediately, if necessary.
- A supervisor must be designated prior to beginning work
on the steam turbine. The supervisor is responsible for
coordination and supervision of the work. The supervisor
must ensure full compliance with all safety aspects rele-
vant to personnel and equipment, including auxiliary sys-
tems. This includes ensuring that the appropriate protec-
tive apparel and equipment are worn.
- The supervisor must also ensure that prior to the start of
work on all systems containing or carrying hazardous
media, these systems are sufficiently washed/purged/in-
erted and that lockout/tagout procedures are followed,
when applicable. Also note that special safety measures
may in some cases be required for washing/purging/in-
erting.
- If work is being performed on several systems or at sev-
eral locations of one system at the same time, the work
must be coordinated so as to prevent work on one system
from creating a hazard to other systems or those working
on these systems.
- The ”buddy system” shall always be used when work in
hazardous areas so that rescue measures can be
promptly initiated if necessary. This also applies when
working in confined spaces.
- Ensure that emergency exits, escape routes, fire extin-
guishers and emergency switches are present in suffi-
cient number, are appropriately marked and are fully-
functional and accessible at all times.
- Ensure that all safety, protective and rescue equipment
is fully functional at all times. Perform regular inspections
to confirm this. Protective equipment also includes
grounding connections.
- Equipment designed for use as climbing aids (e.g. lad-
ders) and which is in proper working order shall be used
whenever work is performed at a great height. This may
require erecting scaffolds or work platforms.
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 Steam Turbines
Safety Instruction
- All work areas and transport routes higher than one meter
above ground level or which border on hazardous areas,
must be provided with permanent barriers to prevent per-
sonnel from falling or from accessing hazardous areas.
- All openings, pits, shafts, ducts and other recesses or
holes which represent a danger to personnel, all recep-
tacles with hot, caustic or poisonous substances as well
as any roofs, covers and rooflights/skylights which cannot
be walked on, in the work or transport area must be pro-
vided with permanent barriers to prevent personnel falling
in or falling through.
- Work areas or transport routes shall be protected against
falling objects if there is a risk of personal injury.
- Work on two levels, one immediately above the other,
shall only be permissible if the work areas and transport
routes below are properly protected against any objects
and masses which may fall down, fall over, slide or roll off
the area above.
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its content is not
permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages.
All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model
- Protective apparel and equipment must be used where
stipulated or required. Always wear the correct size.
- Ensure that all protective gear used is in proper condition
for its intended use. This also means that protective gear
must be kept clean at all times and that the prescribed
Copyright © Siemens AG 2007 - All Rights Reserved
usage durations (e.g. in the case of respirator filters) are
not exceeded.
- The operator is obliged to provide requisite protective
gear in the sizes and quantities needed. Protective gloves
must have sufficient gauntlet length to prevent hazardous
substances from flowing or trickling into the gloves.
or design, are reserved.
- Illumination of works areas/rooms shall be such that the
type of illumination does not represent any risk of acci-
dents or risk to the health of personnel. General lighting
shall have a strength of at least 15 lux.
- Flooring at the workplace must be free of any trip hazards.
It must be level, anti-slip and free of any contaminants
such as grease and oil. Any contaminants shall be
cleared up immediately.
- All transport routes shall be kept free of obstructions and
shall be identified as such when their area exceeds 1000
m 2.
- Loading ramps must be at least 0.8 meters wide. Loading
ramps more than 1.0 meters above ground should be
provided with protective barriers.
The following measures reduce or eliminate
the risk of equipment damage:
Class: Restricted
- Many components have to be assembled in rooms pro-
tected against the elements. Such rooms shall be heated/
cooled as necessary and shall have adequate lighting.
Siemens AG MA &MQB030
Energy Sector
General Safety Information
Cellular phones, two-way radios and CD play-
ers prohibited!
To prevent possible interference with the steam
turbine control system, the use of two-way radios,
cellular phones, and CD players is prohibited in
the vicinity of steam turbine control equipment.
Personnel
With regard to personnel working on the steam turbine,
compliance must be ensured with the following:
The following measures reduce or eliminate
the risk of injury:
- It is the responsibility of the operator / user to ensure that
only authorized personnel, who are reliable and have
been duly trained and instructed, work on the steam tur-
bine and that this work is performed under compliance
with all the applicable laws, regulations, specifications,
codes and standards, including occupational safety and
health requirements. Where applicable, corresponding
verification of qualification shall be performed (e.g. check
of welding certificates, crane and forklift operator permits,
etc.).
- It is prohibited for personnel to take any alcohol or con-
trolled substances (including medication) which have a
negative influence on their general capability to work or
on their perceptive capabilities. This prohibition also ap-
plies to leisure time if the effects have not worn off by the
time personnel report for duty.
- Make certain that only authorized personnel who have
been duly trained and instructed work on the steam tur-
bine.
- Hazardous work shall only be assigned to personnel fa-
miliar with the hazards.
- Activities and associated responsibilities are clearly de-
fined for the personnel.
- Personnel requiring or undergoing training must only be
allowed to perform work on the steam turbine under the
constant supervision of an appropriately qualified mem-
ber of staff.
- Work on the electrical, pneumatic and hydraulic systems
of the steam turbine may only be performed by qualified
engineers or by suitably trained personnel under the su-
pervision of a qualified engineer in compliance with the
relevant engineering standards.
- Conduct of the personnel working on the steam turbine
must be such that any risks are prevented/ reduced as far
as possible. This also includes checking one's own work
1.1.2-01000-00003 / 4-11
0707E
 Steam Turbines
Safety Instruction
on completion. In addition, checks of whether all requisite
safety measures have been taken must be made/called
for prior to performance of work.
- New hazards (e.g. leaks) detected by personnel must be
immediately reported to the responsible party.
- Any employee who discovers while performing work that
associated hazards are greater than previously assumed
(e.g. loss of forced ventilation) shall discontinue this work
and immediately consult the responsible party.
Modifications to Steam Turbine
Do not carry out any modifications to the steam turbine.
Any changes to the steam turbine must be approved by Sie-
mens AG. Such modifications can result in the warranty be-
coming invalid or can render other contractual stipulations in-
valid.
Warning!
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its content is not
permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages.
All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model
Risk of injury or equipment damage: Unauthor-
ized modifications can adversely affect the (op-
erational) safety of the steam turbine and result in
injury or equipment damage.
Copyright © Siemens AG 2007 - All Rights Reserved
Spare Parts
Spare parts must comply with the technical standards set
forth by Siemens Power Generation and other suppliers.
Compliance with the aforementioned standards is only en-
sured if original parts are used.
or design, are reserved.
The following measures reduce or eliminate
the risk of equipment damage:
- Spare parts must be stored so as to ensure their quality
and functionality and to ensure fulfillment of all other ap-
plicable requirements, including, but not limited to, war-
ranty conditions.
- Parts packed in plastic sheeting often include a desiccant
which must be periodically replaced or regenerated (fre-
quency of desiccant renewal is a function of local condi-
tions).
- Where crates are opened for checking the components,
the protective sheeting, etc. is often damaged and mois-
ture can ingress the crate. In this case either the entire
crate / crate contents shall be stored in a protected envi-
ronment or the original condition of the protection must
be re-established by competent personnel.
Class: Restricted
- Remove preservation agents from spare parts prior to
their installation using a suitable cleaning agent (e.g. a
room temperature degreaser or similar cleaning agent).
Which cleaning agent is suitable depends on the type of
preservation and on the component to be cleaned. Use
Siemens AG MA &MQB030
Energy Sector
General Safety Information
products generally recognized as safe and environmen-
tally compatible whenever possible. Refer to the manu-
facturer's documentation in the case of outside vendor
parts.
Safety Notices Regarding Certain Phases
in the Service Life of the Steam Turbine
Transporting and Lifting Loads
The following safety notices pertain to the safe transport
of loads (these notices apply to all transports over the service
life of the steam turbine, i.e. also to the handling of spare
parts, etc.):
Warning!
Risk of injury: Do not walk or stand under suspen-
ded loads. Falling loads can cause personal injury
or death.
The following measures reduce or eliminate
the risk of injury:
- Only use specified load attachment points. Only use suit-
able or specified lifting equipment.The lifting equipment
must be in good condition and have a sufficient load car-
rying capacity.
- Use only lifting gear and hoisting equipment having ade-
quate load capacity.
- Inspect lifting gear and load attachment rigging for dam-
age (cracks, deformation) prior to use. Use only lifting
gear and hoisting equipment which is in perfect condition.
- All lifting gear and hoisting equipment shall be used such
as to preclude the risk of damage during use.
- It is not permissible to use wire rope clamps for rope end
fittings, or to use man-made fabric ropes and straps made
of polyethylene or natural fiber ropes made of cotton.
- It is also impermissible to allow chains, ropes and straps/
slings to lie across sharp edges and to tie knots in them.
- Bending of clamped sleeves on ropes is not allowable.
- Observe the maximum angle of 60° for ropes, chains and
slings.
- Loads shall not be attached by placing the hoisting rope
or chain in a loop around the load.
- It is not permissible for provisional equipment to be used
for attaching loads, as this can lead to severe injury or
even death.
- All prescribed safety distances shall be complied with
when using hoisting equipment and barriers shall be erec-
ted where necessary.
1.1.2-01000-00003 / 5-11
0707E
 Steam Turbines
Safety Instruction
- Only use qualified and experienced staff for attaching
loads or instructing crane operators. The person issuing
instructions must remain within operator's sight or in voice
contact with him.
- Prior to transporting heavy components within buildings,
ensure that the building has a sufficient load-bearing ca-
pacity over the entire transport path and at the installation
or storage site.
- Always use lifting gear to lift/transport heavy items.
- Secure items being handled to reliably prevent rolling,
sliding and dropping.
- Always take appropriate safety precautions when trans-
porting hazardous materials.
- Cranes and forklifts shall only be used by personnel who
can provide the requisite qualifications (e.g. crane and
forklift operator permits).
- Load-handling equipment shall not be used to transport
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its content is not
permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages.
All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model
personnel.
- Hoisting and pulling equipment shall be provided with a
safety device to prevent reverse motion. This device shall
be self-acting. Free fall lowering shall not be possible.
- Winches, handwheels with spokes or levers on winches,
Copyright © Siemens AG 2007 - All Rights Reserved
hoisting and pulling equipment must be secured to pre-
vent disengagement, involuntary removal and recoil.
The following measures reduce or eliminate
the risk of equipment damage:
or design, are reserved.
- Apply supports and attach slings to turbine components
at the intended points only.
- Do not remove packaging materials and protective wrap-
ping during transport. If necessary, provide items to be
transported with suitable packaging and wrapping mate-
rials.
- If protective transit fixtures are removed for checking in-
dividual parts, they shall be re-attached and then not re-
moved until immediately prior to final installation of the
items.
- Prevent turbine rotor from rope-induced damage by using
suitable cushions at load attachment points.
Note!
Please refer to the shipping documents for infor-
mation about the dimensions and weights of tur-
bine components.
Class: Restricted
To ensure full compensation in the event of
transport damage:
Siemens AG MA &MQB030
Energy Sector
General Safety Information
Check all items (including spare parts) for signs of
transport damage upon receipt. Immediately re-
port such damage to the transport company in
writing.
Meticulously check individual parts for signs of
damage. Report any damage to the manufacturer
in writing.
Where crates are opened for checking the com-
ponents, the protective sheeting, etc. is often
damaged and moisture can ingress the crate. To
prevent damage to parts, either the entire crate /
crate contents shall be stored in a protected en-
vironment or the original condition of the protec-
tion must be re-established by competent person-
nel.
Erection and Commissioning
The safety instructions in the erection and commissioning
manuals apply during erection and commissioning:
Operation
The following safety instructions apply during steam tur-
bine operation:
Warning!
Risk of burns caused by hot surfaces: Uninsulated
piping, valves and casing sections may become
hot and cause burns. Do not touch.
Warning!
Risk to life. Personnel with pacemakers are not
permitted to enter the turbine building during op-
eration as an operating generator generates elec-
tromagnetic fields in its vicinity which can ad-
versely affect the proper functioning of the pace-
maker.
The following measures reduce or eliminate
the risk of injury:
- High temperatures within noise abatement shrouds and
other enclosures during plant operation and after shut-
down can cause heat-related illnesses and injuries.
- Under no circumstances shall personnel be allowed to
step on the rupture diaphragms covering the discharge
openings on the LP outer casing of the steam turbine or
condenser (Risk of suffocation due to vacuum and risk of
injury).
1.1.2-01000-00003 / 6-11
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 Steam Turbines
Safety Instruction
- It is forbidden for personnel to be on the outer casings
under any operating mode. The party responsible for the
power plant shall implement the necessary organizational
and/or technical measures to ensure that this is observed.
- If the presence of personnel is necessary in the vicinity of
the rupture diaphragms, the party responsible for the
power plant shall implement the requisite additional safe-
ty measures which must be in compliance with the work
permit procedure valid at the plant.
- The steam turbine is operated from the control room. Re-
maining in the immediate vicinity of the steam turbine
when it is running is only permitted in the case of inspec-
tion and maintenance work which requires steam turbine
operation.
- Check the steam turbine regularly for any visible damage
or defects. Any changes (including changes in operating
behavior) must be immediately reported to the depart-
ment and/or person(s) responsible. The steam turbine
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its content is not
permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages.
All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model
must be shut down immediately, if necessary. Do not re-
start the steam turbine until the faults have been elimina-
ted. Contact Siemens Power Generation in case of doubt.
- Only use lubricants specified by the manufacturer.
- Carry out and record requisite checks during steam tur-
Copyright © Siemens AG 2007 - All Rights Reserved
bine operation.
- Ensure compliance with legal codes on noise abatement.
- Entering noise abatement shrouds and other enclosures
during operation of the steam turbine is forbidden, unless
necessary for inspection or maintenance work. Such
areas shall be locked to prevent unauthorized access.
or design, are reserved.
- Building and equipment areas protected by CO2 fire ex-
tinguishing systems shall only be entered if absolutely
necessary when such systems have been activated. After
a CO2 fire extinguishing system has been triggered there
is a danger that persons in such areas may lose con-
sciousness or otherwise sustain injury. Prior to starting
work in areas protected by chemical or CO2 fire extin-
guishing systems a second person shall be notified and
posted outside the hazard area to immediately initiate
rescue measures if they become necessary. Personnel
shall only remain in such areas for as short a time as
possible and shall leave the area immediately after the
completion of work.
Hearing protection required!
Operating noise of steam turbine may damage
hearing. Wear hearing protection when in the vi-
cinity of the steam turbine.
Class: Restricted
The following measures reduce or eliminate
the risk of equipment damage:
Siemens AG MA &MQB030
Energy Sector
General Safety Information
- In order to avoid damage to the steam turbine and its
auxiliary systems, interfacing systems shall be operated
such as to ensure compliance with the set conditions and
limit values (e.g. as specified in the system diagrams and
component diagrams) at the interfaces with the steam
turbine and its auxiliary systems.
- Observe all alarm annunciations and take immediate re-
medial action to rectify their cause (see Section on Com-
ments on Annunciations in the Operating Documenta-
tion), if necessary the turbine shall be tripped immediate-
ly.
Maintenance and Inspection
The following safety instructions apply during steam tur-
bine maintenance and inspection:
Danger!
Risk of burns caused by hot surfaces. Steam tur-
bine components may remain hot even after
coastdown and cause burns. Allow sufficient time
for components to cool down.
Isolate, lockout and tagout before commenc-
ing work!
Prior to commencing work on the steam turbine or
steam turbine auxiliary systems, the respective
segment must be isolated (deenergize, depressu-
rize, inert, etc.), locked out and tagged out. Isola-
tion, lockout and tagout procedures shall be fol-
lowed where applicable.
The following measures reduce or eliminate
the risk of electric shock:
- Only qualified electricians shall perform work on electrical
systems and equipment.
- Before work is performed near the capacitors, these items
must be discharged by qualified electricians.
The following measures reduce or eliminate
the risk of injury:
- Work may only be performed by qualified personnel.
- Operating personnel must be notified before starting and
maintenance, inspections or repair work. Appoint a suit-
ably qualified supervisor.
- No work shall be performed on the steam turbine until
after authorization has been given by the responsible
party.
1.1.2-01000-00003 / 7-11
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 Steam Turbines
Safety Instruction
- Before commencing any work, completely shut down the
steam turbine (disconnect the power supply as well) and
secure it against unauthorized or inadvertent restart. Ex-
ceptions are only permissible if the work requires the op-
eration of a (sub)system. In this case, particular care is
required to prevent accidents and equipment damage.
- Do not start up steam turbine if work is performed directly
on the steam turbine or in its immediate vicinity. It must
be ensured that no personnel are in areas where there
could be a risk of injury during startup.
- Ensure that steam turbine has come to complete stand-
still before starting any work on the turbine.
- Avoid removing protective devices under all circumstan-
ces. Their removal is only allowable if it is absolutely es-
sential to allow performance of work and if it does not
pose any risk to personnel. Any protective devices re-
moved shall be replaced immediately upon completion of
work and shall be checked for proper functioning.
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its content is not
permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages.
All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model
Hazardous fluids. Before carrying out work on pressur-
ized systems (pneumatic, hydraulic, etc.), shut down sys-
tems and depressurize relevant sections. Systems may
contain trapped pressure. Open systems carefully.
- High temperatures within noise abatement shrouds and
other enclosures during plant operation and after shut-
Copyright © Siemens AG 2007 - All Rights Reserved
down can cause heat-related illnesses and injuries.
- Under no circumstances shall personnel be allowed to
step on the rupture diaphragms covering the discharge
openings on the LP outer casing of the steam turbine or
condenser (Risk of suffocation due to vacuum and risk of
injury).
or design, are reserved.
- It is forbidden for personnel to be on the outer casings
under any operating mode. The party responsible for the
power plant shall implement the necessary organizational
and/or technical measures to ensure that this is observed.
- If the presence of personnel is necessary in the vicinity of
the rupture diaphragms, the party responsible for the
power plant shall implement the requisite additional safe-
ty measures which must be in compliance with the work
permit procedure valid at the plant.
- When removing safety equipment, ensure that this is re-
placed immediately after completing the work and
checked for proper functioning.
- Hydraulic hoses must be replaced every six years at the
latest, irrespective of their actual operating hours (i.e. the
six year period includes any storage periods).
- Fault rectification may only be performed by personnel
familiar with maintenance work as the documentation
Class: Restricted
(see section ‟Fault Rectification”) only includes brief
warnings of a few specific dangers.
Siemens AG MA &MQB030
Energy Sector
General Safety Information
- Tools and equipment for inspection and major inspection
may only be used by Siemens personnel or under the su-
pervision of a Siemens supervisor.
- Only use tools and devices for their intended purpose.
Observe load limits. Observe the dedicated instructions
for use, as well as the instructions for the task in hand.
- The use of damaged tools and equipment is not permitted
- these shall be repaired immediately or scrapped.
- No modifications of any kind shall be made to tools and
equipment, which are not in line with their stipulated use.
It is forbidden to tamper with all pressurized hoses, con-
nections and other accessories.
- Flame equipment (e.g. gas heating equipment for joint
stud bolts) shall only be operated by personnel who have
received special instruction in its operation.
- Protective goggles and protective thermal gloves must be
worn when using flame equipment.
- Wear appropriate protective gear when working with sol-
vents, products containing solvents or other hazardous
substances. Observe the manufacturer's safety data
sheets as well as all locally-applicable laws, codes and
regulations. Use products generally recognized as safe
whenever possible. In addition to occupational safety and
health, environmental protection must also be ensured.
- Grinding tools shall only be installed by reliable personnel
familiar with the procedure (including the test run). Grind-
ing tools shall be subjected to a ring test before mounting.
After mounting, the grinding tool shall be subjected to a
five minutes test run.
- The maximum circumferential speed of grinding tools
shall be selected so as to provide three-fold safety
against breakage.
- Only suitable and secured tools shall be used for correct-
ing out-of-roundness of grinding tools.
- Dust containing Ni, Cr or Co, either in compounds or in
elemental form, can cause cancer. An approved industrial
vacuum must be used to extract the dust when grinding
materials containing Ni, Cr or Co. Respirators (class ”P2”
or ”P3” particle-filtering half facepiece type) must be worn
if dust extraction is not possible. Eating, drinking and
smoking while grinding is prohibited. Avoid contact with
skin and avoid stirring up dust (e.g. by sweeping). Wash
hands thoroughly before eating, drinking or smoking.
- If work is being performed on several systems at the
same time, the work must be coordinated so as to prevent
work on one system from creating a hazard to other sys-
tems or those working on these systems.
- Only Siemens personnel may perform outage inspec-
tions.
1.1.2-01000-00003 / 8-11
0707E
 Steam Turbines
Safety Instruction
- Before commencing with steam turbine restart ensure
that personnel is not exposed to any hazards during the
startup procedure.
- If any work (temporarily) blocks traffic routes, appropriate
signs and barricades shall be put up to alert personnel.
- Entering noise abatement shrouds and other enclosures
during operation of the steam turbine is forbidden, unless
necessary for inspection or maintenance work. Such
areas shall be locked to prevent unauthorized access.
- Building and equipment areas protected by CO2 fire ex-
tinguishing systems shall only be entered if absolutely
necessary when such systems have been activated. After
a CO2 fire extinguishing system has been triggered there
is a danger that persons in such areas may lose con-
sciousness or otherwise sustain injury. Prior to starting
work in areas protected by chemical or CO2 fire extin-
guishing systems a second person shall be notified and
posted outside the hazard area to immediately initiate
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its content is not
permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages.
All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model
rescue measures if they become necessary. Personnel
shall only remain in such areas for as short a time as
possible and shall leave the area immediately after the
completion of work.
- Only use suitable climbing aids. It is forbidden to use pip-
Copyright © Siemens AG 2007 - All Rights Reserved
ing and valves as ladders or supports - apart from the risk
of injury this could also lead to visible or invisible damage
which may lead to (subsequent) failure of the component
or its connections.
- Ladders which only rest on a support must be secured
against slipping.
or design, are reserved.
- Observe the stipulated angles and loading limits for lad-
ders.
- Stepladders and stepstools set up in or around transport
routes must be secured against overturning.
- It is not allowed to use stepladders or free-standing lad-
ders leant on work platforms / elevated work areas to step
over onto such work platforms, work areas or equipment.
- The upper four steps on the ladder shall only be used if
the ladder is of the appropriate design.
- Work areas for performing welding work shall be config-
ured such that the air breathed by personnel working in
the area is kept free of any hazardous substances. This
can involve air extraction, forced ventilation, venting or
other suitable method. This also particularly when weld-
ing in confined spaces.
- Pressure reducing valves and hoses for welding equip-
ment must be clearly allocatable to the type of gas used
Class: Restricted
by the corresponding identification marking and appro-
priate connections.
Siemens AG MA &MQB030
Energy Sector
General Safety Information
- The liquid level of liquid flashback arresters for welding
work must be checked daily before starting work and after
any flashbacks and must be topped up as necessary.
- Never look into the arc or flame of welding equipment
without the appropriate protective equipment (face shield,
goggles).
- All equipment coming into contact with oxygen must be
kept free of oil and grease and shall be marked accord-
ingly.
- If the risk of fire cannot be completely ruled out, a fire-
fighting team with the appropriate fire-extinguishing
equipment shall be charged with monitoring the areas at
risk and their surroundings. The area at risk and its sur-
roundings must be checked repeatedly during and after
welding.
- It is not permissible to clean clothing using oxygen - this
poses a risk to life.
The following measures reduce or eliminate
the risk of equipment damage:
- It is recommended that Siemens AG engineering person-
nel participate in outage inspection and repair work.
Guarantees are provided for all work performed by Sie-
mens personnel. Any work performed during the guaran-
tee period by any other than Siemens personnel can re-
sult in the guarantee becoming invalid.
- The steam turbine must always be turned in the opera-
tional direction of rotation. Turning the turbine opposite to
the normal direction of rotation can damage the seals.
- Rotate turbine shaft only by applying torque at the clutch
with the lube oil system in operation. Do not apply force
to the blades.
- Do not attempt to start the steam turbine if the rotor can-
not be turned.
- Ensure that tools and other foreign materials are removed
from the turbine immediately after their use.
- Personnel shall empty their pockets before starting any
work on sensitive areas of the steam turbine and gener-
ator and a checklist shall be made of all tools and parts
taken into the work area. After completion of work a check
shall be made to ensure that all tools, unused and defec-
tive parts have been removed from the work area.
- Ensure that any tools or any other foreign materials have
been removed from the steam turbine before commenc-
ing with the steam turbine startup procedure.
- Ensure compliance with the maintenance and inspection
intervals and the scope of work set forth in the operating
instructions.
1.1.2-01000-00003 / 9-11
0707E
 Steam Turbines
Safety Instruction General Safety Information

- Welding on the steam turbine may only be performed if
approved by Siemens Power Generation. Compliance
with the applicable welding procedures must be ensured.
- If system sections are opened to perform work, cover
these openings immediately. Covers used for this pur-
pose must be sufficiently close fitting and strong to relia-
bly prevent the ingress of foreign objects.
- Locking elements and seals are generally disposable (i.e.
the locking or sealing function cannot be guaranteed if
reused). This applies in particular to locking elements
which deform plastically (e.g. lock washers and locking
strips for compressor and turbine blades) and to soft iron
seals (e.g. manhole seals). Locking elements/seals must
be replaced after use with new ones. Used locking ele-
ments and seals must be accounted for and disposed of
immediately to prevent their reuse.
The following measures reduce or eliminate
the risk of injury:
- Before commencing any work, completely shut down the
steam turbine (disconnect the power supply as well) and
secure it against unauthorized or inadvertent restart in
line with the corresponding instructions and procedures.
Wait until the steam turbine has come to a complete
standstill. Do not remove safety devices before this time.
- Avoid removing protective devices under all circumstan-
ces. Their removal is only allowable if it is absolutely es-
sential to allow performance of work and if it does not
pose any risk to personnel. Any protective devices re-
moved shall be replaced immediately upon completion of
work and shall be checked for proper functioning.

- Remove preservation agents from spare parts prior to - Observe turbine coastdown time. Failure to do so could
their installation using a suitable cleaning agent (e.g. a result in injury from rotating parts.
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its content is not
permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages.
All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model

room temperature degreaser or similar cleaning agent).

The following measures reduce or eliminate
Which cleaning agent is suitable depends on the type of
the risk of equipment damage:
preservation and on the component to be cleaned. Use
products generally recognized as safe and environmen-
tally compatible whenever possible. Refer to the manu-
facturer's documentation in the case of outside vendor - Avoid unallowable heat-up of bearings caused by the sta-
Copyright © Siemens AG 2007 - All Rights Reserved

parts. tionary, hot rotor. Ensure that auxiliary bearing oil pumps
continue operation for a number of hours.
- Only those lubricants, sealants and media shall be used
which are suitable for the task in hand. Consideration - Take appropriate measures to protect and preserve tur-
must be given to operating media used later and to sub- bine during shutdown.
sequent operating conditions. In case of doubt, consult
Mandatory Documentation!
Siemens.
or design, are reserved.

Perform and record the requisite checks during

- Before their installation spare parts must be carefully
and following turbine shutdown.
checked for any damage. Report any damage to the man-
ufacturer in writing. Prepare shutdown record.
- Following work on the boiler, ensure that appropriate
measures are implemented to protect the steam turbine Waste Disposal
against erosion induced by solid particles. Waste products of any kind (e.g. lubricants) must be dis-
- Only use lubricants specified by the manufacturer. posed of in compliance with the applicable waste disposal
regulations. The most environmentally-friendly alternative
Cellular phones, two-way radios and CD play- should be adopted for waste disposal (e.g. recycling).
ers prohibited!
The following measures reduce or eliminate
To prevent possible interference with the steam
the risk of injury:
turbine control system, the use of two-way radios,
cellular phones, and CD players is prohibited in
the vicinity of steam turbine control equipment.
Such devices may also disturb electronic meas- - Place waste which cannot be directly disposed of in ap-
urements. propriately marked containers and store temporarily in
such a way as to ensure that there is no danger of per-
Shutdown sonal injury or harm to the environment.
Class: Restricted

- Neutralize all acids and bases prior to storage.

The following safety instructions apply during steam tur-
bine shutdown:

Siemens AG MA &MQB030 1.1.2-01000-00003 / 10-11

Energy Sector 0707E
 Steam Turbines
Safety Instruction General Safety Information

Special Hazards Heat

See below for safety instructions with regard to electric
current, heat, noise and insulating materials.
Electric Current
Ensure compliance with the following instructions:
Danger!
Risk of burns caused by hot surfaces. This may
cause serious burns. Do not touch. Uninsulated
piping, valves and parts of casings can reach tem-
peratures of far above 100 °C (212 °F).

The following measures reduce or eliminate Warning!

the risk of electric shock:
Risk of injury due to high temperatures within en-
closures: High temperatures within noise abate-
ment shrouds and other enclosures during plant
- The steam turbine must be shut down immediately in the
operation and after shutdown can cause heat-re-
event of loss of control voltage.
lated illnesses and injuries.
- Work on the electrical systems of the steam turbine may
only be performed by electrical engineers or by suitably Noise
qualified personnel under the supervision of an electrical
engineer in compliance with the relevant electrical engi- Hearing protection required!
neering standards.
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its content is not
permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages.
All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model

Operating noise of steam turbine may damage

- Ground fault circuit interrupters in portable equipment
shall be tested each working day by depressing the test
button. Before checking the ground fault circuit interrupt-
ers it must be ensured that all connected loads have been
switched off.
Copyright © Siemens AG 2007 - All Rights Reserved
hearing. Wear hearing protection when in the vi-
cinity of the steam turbine.
Steam turbines produce noise levels of up to 90 dB(A). In
the long term such noise levels may result in damage to hear-

- Regularly check the electrical equipment of the steam ing.

turbine and immediately repair any defects.
Insulating Materials
Warning!
Caution!
Risk to life. Personnel with pacemakers are not
permitted to enter the turbine building during op- Health hazard: Insulation products used by Sie-
or design, are reserved.

eration as an operating generator generates elec-
tromagnetic fields in its vicinity which can ad-
versely affect the proper functioning of the pace-
maker.
Isolate, lockout and tagout before commenc-
ing work!
Isolate, lock out and tag out all equipment on
which maintenance or repair work is to be per-
formed Check to ensure that isolated components
are de-energized, then ground them and isolate
any adjacent components which are still live.
Where applicable, follow prescribed isolation,
lockout and tagout procedures.
Steam
Warning!
Class: Restricted
mens contains a class of man-made fibers called
synthetic vitreous fibers (SVF). This class of man-
made fibers is comprised of two distinct groups of
materials; glass, rock or slag fiber or wool and re-
fractory ceramic fibers. Hygiene standards for this
class of materials vary from country to country. It
is the operator's / user's responsibility to verify
regulatory requirements and to comply with the
control standards in your country. SVF containing
insulating materials can cause irritation to the
skin, eyes, mucous membranes and the respira-
tory system. Adequate personal protective equip-
ment should be used to reduce direct contact with
the material. Please refer to the insulation manu-
facturers' recommended safe work practice
guidelines specific for their products.

Hot steam may cause severe burns. Keep away

from areas where there is a risk of escaping
steam. Superheated steam is invisible (!) and
may cause severe burns.

Siemens AG MA &MQB030 1.1.2-01000-00003 / 11-11

Energy Sector 0707E