PART-A

1) What are the Maslow’s basic needs? (DEC 2011)

2) What are physiological needs?
3) Define team and teamwork. (May 2010)
4) List the different types of teams.
5) List the different types of teams
6) Name different members in a team
PART-B
1. Explain Maslow’s theory of need hierarchy. (APRIL/MAY 2008)(R)
Abraham Maslow viewed the motivation of human being as arising from levels of hierarchy of
needs. He suggested a number of interesting things about human needs. Maslow also suggested
that most of human needs can be grouped into five categories.
Maslow’s identified basic human needs as
(i) physiological needs
(ii) safety needs/security needs
(iii) social needs
(iv) esteem needs
(v) self actualization need
The figure shows these needs in an ascending order of importance.
(i) Physiological needs: according to this hierarchy, our first need is for survival, this
includes the clothing, food, shelter, water, sleep and air etc. these are called as
physiological needs or biological needs, the need for those things which will keep us
alive functioning physiologically.
(ii) Safety needs: security and safety needs are second in priority. Everybody needs
economic security and physical protection. These needs include-protection against
threat, job security, property, insurance, provisions for old age.
(iii) Social needs: This need refers to the needs of conservations, social ability, exchange
of feelings and grievances, recognization and belongingness. It can be fulfilled through
effective communication supervision good coworkers, superiors etc.
(iv) Esteem needs are egoistic needs. Esteem needs are classified in to two types.
 Self esteem: self esteem includes self respect, confidence, competence and
feeling that he is doing something worthwhile.
 Public esteem: public esteem means esteem or image in the eyes of public such
a s power, praise, public appreciation, recognization, status and prestige.
(v) Self–actualization needs: these are individual needs for realization of his own
potentialities, opportunities for creativity. it is also called self realization needs, refers
to the desire to become everything that one is capable of becoming.
The first three needs, also known as lower level needs, can be satisfied by monetary and non-
monetary compensations. But the last two needs also known as higher level needs can be
satisfied through participation in decision making process, delegation of authority and
responsibility, more freedom, self development etc.
 Self Actualization

Esteem

Social

Security

Survival

2. Explain Herzberg’s two-factor theory.

Herzberg’s two factor theory is also called motivation-hygiene theory
(i) Motivators or motivating factors: factors that seemed to make individual feels satisfied
with their jobs were associated with the content of the job. These factors are termed as
motivators or motivating factors. The motivating factors include:
 Sense of achievement
 Sense of responsibility
 Sense of work itself
 Sense of reorganization
 Advancement opportunity
 Personal growth
(ii) Hygiene factors: factors that seemed to make individuals feel satisfied were associated
with the job context. These factors are termed as hygiene factors or maintenance
factors. The hygiene factor maintenance factor includes
 Pay/salary
 Working conditions
 Supervisors
 Company policies and administration
 Benefits
 Status
 Security
 Interrelationship with peers, supervisions
According to Herzberg, maintenance or hygiene factors are necessary to maintain a reasonable
level of satisfaction among employees. These factors do not provide satisfaction to the employees
but their absence will dissatisfy them. Therefore these factors are called dissatisfiers.
3. What is a team? Explain the functions and characteristics of a successful team.
Team: A team is defined as a group of people working together to achieve common objectives or
goals.
Teamwork: Teamwork is the cumulative actions of the team during which each member of the
team subordinates his individual interests and opinions to fulfill the objectives or goals of the
group.
2.7.2 Characteristics of Successful Teams
1. Sponsor:
 In order to have effective liaison with the quality council, there should be a sponsor.
 The sponsor is a person from the quality council;
 He is to provide support to the organization.
2. Team Charter:
 A team charter is a document that defines the team’s mission, boundaries, the background
of the problem, the team’s authority and duties, and resources.
 It also identifies the members and their assigned roles – leader, recorder, time keeper and
facilitator.
3. Team Composition:
 The size of the team should not exceed ten members except in the case of natural work
teams or self-directed teams.
 Teams should be diverse by having members with different skills, perspective and
potential.
 Wherever needed, the internal and external customers and suppliers should be included as
a team member.
4. Training:
 The team members should be trained in the problem-solving techniques, team dynamics
and communication skills.
5. Ground Rules:
 The team should have separate rules of operation and conduct.
 Ground rules should be discussed with the members, whenever needed it should be
reviewed and revised.
6. Clear Objectives:
 The objective of the team should be stated clearly.
 Without the clear objective, the team functions are not to be effective.
7. Accountability:
 The team performance is accountable.
  Periodic status report of the team should be given to the quality council.
 The team should review its performance to determine possible team process weaknesses
and make improvements.
8. Well-defined Decision Procedures:
 The decision should be made clearly at the right time by the team.
9. Resources:
 The adequate information should be given to the team wherever needed.
 The team cannot be expected to perform successfully without the necessary tools.
10. Trust:
 Management must trust the team to perform the task effectively.
 There must also be trust among the members and a belief in each other.
11. Effective Problem-Solving:
 Problem-solving methods are used to make the effective decision.
12. Open Communication:
 Open communication should be encouraged i.e.,
 Everyone feels free to speak in the team whatever they are thinking, without any
interruptions.
13. Appropriate Leadership:
 Leadership is important in all the team.
 Leader is a person who leads the team, motivates the team and guides the team in a proper
direction.
14. Balanced Participation:
 Everyone in a team should be involved in the team’s activities by voicing their opinions,
lending their knowledge and encouraging other members to take part.
15. Cohesiveness:
 Members should be comfortable working with each other and act as a single unit, not as
individuals or subgroups.
4. What are the different types of teams formed to achieve the quality?
There are four types of teams
1. Process improvement team: Involved in improvement of sub processes or processes.
Usually has 6-10 members. Disbanded when the objective is reached. May include the
local supplied and customer depending on the location
2. Cross functional teams: 6-10 members temporary team. Members are Top
management level from various functional areas of management. Discuss complex
 problems and break down into smaller parts to refer it to various departmental teams
for further solution.
3. Natural work teams: Not voluntary and the total work unit is part of the team.
Manager also a part of the team and the management selects the projects to be
improved. Managers must also ensure that the entire team is comfortable with each
other.
4. Self directed / self managed work team: Extension of natural work teams but here
the group of individuals is empowered not only to do work but manage it. No manger
will present but a coordinator (Which will be normally rotated among members) will
be appointed. Additional responsibilities of the team hiring/ dismissal, performance
evaluation, customer relations, supplier relations, recognition/rewards and training.