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A research paper
presented to the faculty of
CALAMBA CITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for
Practical Research II
Researchers:
Enriquez, Kate
Galvez, Carl Jaspher
Ilao, Anselmo Lucas M.
Lopez, Carlo C.
Mullet, Nhieriza Claire S.
Rodriguez, Deinielle B.
August 2019
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
gardeners in America uses fertilizer on their garden. Fertilizers are either natural
plants. These fertilizers supplement the soil with macronutrients in large amount
(Miller 2018)
organic sources. Aside from the composition, organic fertilizers differ from
chemical fertilizer because the organic ones feed the plant while building a healthy
soil making it an environmentally friendly option. Morgan (2019) stated that a soil
with a plenty of organic material remain loose and light, retain more moisture and
nutrients, and foster growth of soil microorganisms that promote healthier plants
and root development. If many synthetic chemicals are added to a soil, it eventually
loses its organic matter percentage and micro-biotic activity, which leads to an
unhealthy soil. As organic material is used up, the soil structure deteriorates; it
as natural fertilizer. Gardeners have been using this as a staple soil amendment
since it is known for reducing transplant shock and encouraging the development
of strong, healthy root systems. Adding phosphorus and calcium back to the soil
known to stimulate root production and flowering but it does much more in the
plant. The most essential function of phosphorus within plants is in energy storage
and transfer; almost every metabolic reaction in plants uses phosphorus in one
form or another. Calcium is needed in lesser amounts for plant growth but still plays
a vital role. It is involved in cell elongation and division resulting in healthy cell
deficiency within the soil, or within the plant, causes plant growth to cease. (Max,
2019)
are required by plants in order to grow healthy. In addition, animal manure adds
organic matter to soil, improving microbial activity, water drainage and overall soil
structure. Common sources of manure come from livestock and farm animals
which are used commonly by gardeners. Nutrient content of manure may differ
depending on the livestock. The most common manure used in provinces are the
cattle or cow manure which was said to have a high amount of nitrogen creating a
balanced boost of soil nutrients. However, this organic fertilizer with high levels of
ammonia may have the tendency to burn plants when they are applied directly,
this is why composting cow manures is a must. Harmful ammonia gas and
pathogens are eliminated which helps increase the amount of organic matter in the
This study wants to know the effect of powdered chicken bones mixed with
macronutrients and pH level in loam soil. This study is conducted in Calamba City
Theoretical Framework
Function of Macronutrients
plant growth but utilized in trace quantities. Their major role is as activators in
numerous enzyme systems. Micronutrients are toxic when they are in very high
levels thus they become a threat to human and animals life and cause stunted
pH level
The soil pH reflects whether a soil is acidic, neutral, basic or alkaline. The
of the soil water system. The negative logarithm of the H ion activity is called pH
and thus pH of a soil is a measure of only the intensity of activity and not the
amount of the acid present. The pH range normally found in soils varies from 3 to
9 (Jackson, 2013).
Conceptual Framework
the pH level of the loam soil. On the other hand, the dependent variable is the
amount and type of soil which is loam and the amount of the fertilizers that will be
soil between the set-up with chemical fertilizer and the set-up with powdered
2. Is there a significant difference on the pH level of the loam soil between the
set-up with chemical fertilizer and the set-up with powdered chicken bones
Powdered chicken bones mixed with cow manure has a significant effect on
This study is all about the effectiveness of powdered chicken bones mixed
macronutrients and pH level of loam soil. The materials that will be used are cow
manure, loam soil and chicken bones. The cow manure and loam soil will be
collected from Barangay Laguerta and the chicken bones will be collected from
To the farmers
soil for high yields and good quality crops, they supply all the nutrients
required by the plant (NPK), they reduce the need for purchased inputs and
organically grown plants are more resistant to disease and insects. In the
willing to pay more for organic goods. Organically grown plants are more
minimized.
To the consumers
nutritionally superior food for man and animals than those grown with
commercial fertilizers.
Definition of Terms
pH level. It measures how acidic or basic a substance is; it is the condition of the
of the alternative chemical fertilizer that will be mixed with powdered chicken
bones.
also known as NPK; its amount in the soil will be measured to know whether the
Loam soil. It is a type of soil that is a mixture of clay, slit, and sand and is ideal for
plant-growing; it will form the set-up where the amount of NPK and ph level will be
tested.
CHAPTER 2
effect to the student’s academic performance gathered from different books and
RELATED LITERATURE
Fertilizers
soluble nutrients which will be absorbed by the plants. In order to determine if the
plants will grow healthy, soil tests are conducted which reveals the different
deficiencies of the soil. This allows the farmer to choose the right fertilizer for the
crops.
Manure use as fertilizer on the farm to provide nutrients for plant growth.
quality, particularly surface and ground water if not managed appropriately. The
manure that may exceed the needs of the plants and the farmland where it was
produced. Recognizing the potential for human and ecological health effects
associated with the other contaminants in manure – pathogens, antimicrobials, and
RELATED STUDIES
Nitrogen in Soil
concentration which contributes to global warming, has been increasing and one
suggested in the study to consider the re-concentration of the soil nitrogen by using
organic fertilizers like manure. The aim to reduce the amount of anthropogenic
nitrous oxide sources has been expected and thus the use of synthetic fertilizers
invertase and urease) under different fertilizers (no fertilization, organic manure, and
organic manure + N, organic manure + NP, organic manure + NK and organic manure +
NPK) were lower in the early growth stages of a plant but enhanced in the late stages.
Also the type of mineral fertilizers used influences soil enzyme activity depending on the
soil enzyme involved in which there is, nutrient cycling. Soil enzyme activities were
(potassium) fertilizers.
that at pH7 plants were shorter than those grown at pH5 and pH6. In addition,
plants grew faster at pH5 than at pH6 and pH7. Overall, growth trajectory of plants
grown at pH5 and pH6 were similar, while that of plants grown at pH7 differed. The
results confirm that IAP is able to germinate and grow in soils with different pH, but
SYNTHESIS
processed. It may also harm the plants if it will be applied directly. Mostly organic
chemicals are non-soluble by water, in this case it will take a longer period of time
for it to be absorbed which is why most farmers especially those who are in the
industry, require faster growth of healthy plants which they will produce
commercially, this is the main reason why such farmers use synthetic fertilizer.
However, the use of synthetic fertilizer has a huge effect on the environment since
it is placed in soil. Most of these fertilizers contain huge amount of nitrogen which
is harmful both for soil and for humans. It also contributes to the amount of nitrogen
in the atmosphere resulting to global warming. In this case, the mixture of both
organic fertilizer may increase the ability of the soil to absorbed the organic
fertilizer since most bone meal helps increase the moisture content of the soil.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
The chapter explains the various designs and methodologies to achieve the
objectives of the study. In this segment, a thorough overview of how the data will
part of this chapter will include the research design, the data sources, data
collection techniques, the sampling techniques and the pilot study. These will be
presented as follows:
Research Design
aim to determine the effective of powdered chicken bones mixed with cow manure
loam soil.
Experimental study is a study that aims to know if there is or isn’t the effect
a structured way of collecting and analyzing data obtained from different sources.
This involves the use of computational, statistical and mathematical tools to derive
results.
Sampling Method
controlled trial where there will be two set ups produced. The first set up will be the
controlled set up which will contain trial experiments and the second set up will be
To determine the effect of powdered chicken bones mixed with cow manure
loam soil, the researchers will conduct an experiment with 2 set up with 3 trial each.
The first set up will be the alternative fertilizer made out of the powdered chicken
bones mixed with cow manure while the other set up will contain synthetic or
commercial chemical fertilizer. The size of the pot that will be used per set up will
be an 8-inch pot.
Table 1. The amount of soil (in quarts) per pot in Set up A and Set up B
Alternative Chemical
Chemical Fertilizer
Trial Fertilizer
(Set up A)
(Set up B)
1 3 3
2 3 3
3 3 3
According to Geo Growers (2019), it is recommended for an 8-inch pot to contain
vegetables.
Table 2. The amount of fertilizer (in grams) per pot in Set up A and Set up B
Alternative Chemical
Chemical Fertilizer
Trial Fertilizer
(Set up A)
(Set up B)
1 2 2
2 2 2
3 2 2
To compare the effect of the fertilizer, both should be of same amounts
Data Analysis
After being treated with fertilizer for 3 days, the amount of NPK will be
measured through colorimetry and turbidimetry. This type of test produces certain
color which helps determine a certain amount from minimum to maximum (ACS,
2017). For the pH level, it will be determined through pH paper test, where the soil
will be washed with distilled water then the pH strips will be dipped in the mixture
of soil and distilled water then it will be compared to the color chart to know the pH
level.
Statistical Treatment
macronutrients (NPK) and pH level to the chemical fertilizer, t-test for independent