“THE CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION (MNC) ON

ITS INVOLVEMENT IN CORUPTION”

Jazau Elvi Hasani, Dr. HanifNurWidhiyanti S.H M.Hum , Prof. MasruchinRuba’I S.H M.S

Faculty of Law Universitas Barwijaya

e-mail: jazauelvi17@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Development process is usually accompanied with legal violation. The involvement

of corporations in development usually involves activities that are against the law such as
bribery, corruption, and gratification. One of the examples of the involvement of corporations
or Multinational Corporation (MNC) as subsidiaries in corruption in Indonesia is the case of
bribery by Marubeni corp, MAXpower Group Pte Ltd and Rolls Royce. In Indonesia, those
companies are not subjected with any legal sanctions. Instead, those companies are given
sanctions by foreign authorities such as US Department of Justice as United States’
Authority and also by the Authority of the United Kingdom. They are also charged with
foreign regulations such as FCPA (Foreign Corrupt Practices Act) and UK Bribery Act 2010.
Basically, Indonesian Regulation has regulated the issues on criminal liability for
corporations which commit bribery including corruption. Basicaly, Indonesian’s regulations
have regulated criminal liability done by corporation which commit bribery including
corruption. However, there is weakness in the law since it has not given legal subject
significance for Multinational Corporation (MNC) in the Corruption Act. According to
Corruption Act, legal subject for corruption is ‘every one’ and ‘corporations’ that commit
corruption in Indonesian territory. So far, the involvement of Multinational Authority (MNC)
in corruption in Indonesia with foreigners as the subjects is handled by foreign authorities
using foreign regulations. If there are foreign regulations enacted to the Multinational
Corporation (MNC) in Indonesia, they have to conform and respect the legal jurisdiction of
Indonesian government. This research was normative juridical by design using statute and
case approaches. The results of the study show that several kinds of Multinational
Corporations (MNC) that are charged with Corruption Act are: (1) Multinational
Corporations (MNC) eastablish and in are in operation in Indonesia, (2) Multinational
Corporations (MNC) which are not established in Indonesia but are located in Indonesia, and
(3) Multinational Corporations (MNC) which are not established and nor located in Indonesia
but do economic activities in Indonesia.

Keywords: Multinational Corporation (MNC), FCPA (Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, UK

Bribery Act.
“PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION (MNC)
ATAS KETERLIBATANNYA DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI”

Jazau Elvi Hasani, Dr. Hanif Nur Widhiyanti S.H M.Hum , Prof. Masruchin Ruba’I S.H M.S

Fakultas Hukum Universitas Barwijaya

e-mail: jazauelvi17@gmail.com

ABSTRAKSI

Kegiatan pembangunan, terkadang disertai pelanggaran hukum yang berlaku.

Keterlibatan korporasi dalam pembangunan terkadang diiringi oleh kegiatan yang
bertentangan dengan undang-undang seperti penyuapan, korupsi, gratifikasi. Adapun contoh
kasus keterlibatan korporasi atau Multinational Corporation (MNC) sebagai anak perusahaan
dalam kasus tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia yakni kasus penyuapan oleh Marubeni.corp,
MAXpower Group Pte Ltd dan Rolls Royce. Di Indonesia Perusahaan-perusahaan tersebut
tidak dikenakan hukuman pidana apapun. Perusahaan tersebut malah dihukum oleh Otoritas
asing seperti US Departement of Justice sebagai otoritas Amerika Serikat dan otoritas inggris
dan dikenakan regulasi asing seperti FCPA (Foreign Corrupt Practises Act) dan UK Briberly
Act 2010. Pada dasarnya, Regulasi indonesia telah diatur tentang pertanggungjawaban pidana
bagi korporasi yang melakukan tindak pidana penyuapan (bribery) yang termasuk korupsi.
Namun, terdapat kelemahan, karena masih belum memberikan signifikasi subjek hukum
korporasi Multinational Corporation (MNC) dalam UU Tipikor. Menurut UU Tipikor,
subjek hukum Tindak Pidana Korupsi adalah “setiap orang” yaitu “Setiap orang” dan
“Korporasi” yang melakukan tindak pidana korupsi di wilayah indonesia. Selama ini
keterlibatan Multinational Corporation (MNC) dalam tindak pidana korupsi di wilayah
Indonesia dengan pelaku warga negara asing malah ditangani oleh otoritas hukum asing
dengan regulasi asing. Apabila terdapat regulasi asing yang diterapkan bagi Multinational
Corporation (MNC) yang berkedudukan di wilayah Indonesia. Maka, perlu untuk
mengetahui terlebih dahulu dan menghormati yurisdiksi hukum pemerintah Indonesia. Jenis
penelitian yang penulis gunakan di dalam penelitian ini ialah penelitian yuridis normatif.
Beberapa pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pendekatan
Perundang – undangan (Statute Approach), dan Pendekatan Kasus (Case Approach). Hasil
yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini ialah Jenis-jenis Multinational Corporation (MNC) yang
dapat dikenakan UU Tipikor adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Multinational Corporation (MNC)
yang didirikan dan berkedudukan di Indonesia.(2) Multinational Corporation (MNC) yang
tidak didirikan di Indonesia tetapi berkedudukan di wilayah Indonesia. Serta (3)Multinational
Corporation (MNC) yang tidak didirikan dan juga tidak berkedudukan di Indonesia tetapi
melakukan kegiatan perekonomian di Indonesia.

Kata Kunci : Multinational Corporation (MNC), FCPA (Foreign Corrupt Practises

Act, UK Briberly Act.