Middle East College

APPLIED GEOLOGY (FALL 2018 - F18 CIVL 0005)

Mineral and Rock

Done by:
Aisha Khalfan Issa Al Tubi – 15f14949
Summited to:
Vineetha Anil .
Spring 2018

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1. Introduction

1.1 The hull of the Earth and fundamental generally inflexible mantle make up the
lithosphere. The hull is made out of an extraordinary assortment of minerals and rocks.
Over 85% of every single crude material that are utilized in different divisions of the
economy, society and the earth are of mineral birthplace, and interest for them is more
noteworthy consistently. So the Minerals and Rocks are very important in life and to
everyone. Therefore, factories, homes, schools, offices, streets, bridges, roads and jewelry
are made from rocks and minerals.

1.2 A mineral is a solid substance and inorganic it has distinctive physical properties, a
characteristic geometric or crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. A rock
is composed of one or more minerals and has a degree of chemical and mineralogical
constancy and is classified into three categories – igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic,
but their properties and compositions are variable.

1.3 The objective of this study is to know the quality of the rocks and their minerals,
which is of great importance in establishing the projects and studying their characteristics
and the date of their formation and the physical and chemical conditions that constitute
this composition and identify all types of rock in details in the following tables.

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 2. Types of Rocks:
2.1 Igneous rocks

No Figure Name Minerals Color/Streak Luster Cleavage/Fr Major Uses

Present acture
1 Granite Plagioclase Gray, pink to Luster Massive tiles, sculptures,
and red, White plutonic rock climbing,
Orthoclase and black intrusive, Building and
granular and decorative stones
crystalline and engineering
formed as
batholiths
2 Gabbro Olivine black, Dark Vitreous Coarse- paving, kitchen
and gray, rarely grained Countertops.
Plagioclase reddish and intrusive contains Cr, Ni,
greenish mafic Co, Cu, Au, Ag,
igneous Pt and Pd.
rock
3 Dacite Biotite and dark gray, Vitreous Composition Building material
Groundmas yellow, between , landscaping,
s Black, pink rhyolite and Suitable as
and pale andesite and aggregate and
brown texture road industries

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4 Peridotite Chromite greenish gray Shiny commonly ornamental stones
and and Dark twinned and and gem
Olivine green Perfect in
two
directions
5 Basalt Olivine and rapidly Vitreous Common construction
bubble Plagioclase weathered to extrusive materials,
brown, Dark igneous rock thermal insulator,
gray to black with architecture and
and aphanitic statues
green and texture due to
rust-red rapid cooling
on surface,
very fine-
grained and
firmly
detectable
under
microscope
Table 1.1 List of Igneous Rock

2.2 Sedimentary rocks

No Figure Name Mineral Color/Str Luster Cleavage/Fr Major Uses

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 s eak acture
Present
1 Limestone Silica The gray crystalline Crystallizing Chemical
and color forms in the Industry,
Calcite hexagonal building
system interiors/exteri
ors and the
Paper Industry
2 Shale Calcite gray with clay thinly reservoir for
and shades of minerals laminated, oil and gas,
Silica red, and Minutely Used as filler
yellow Argillaceo fine-grained, in paint,
ocher, us homogeneous landscaping
White, sediments and and
blue and Soft plastic
black
3 Breccia Silica Pink, Luster and The rounded window sills,
and orange, Metallic particles interior
Calcite red, would form a building
Blue and conglomerate veneers, and
Generally and the sharp other
white points and decorative
edges of applications
those angular
fragments are
rounded and
abraded

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 4 Conglomer Quartz Various Depends They break decoration of
ate and colors upon the inconsistently walls, the
Calcite dependin compositio and rarely construction
g on n of the form sharp and road and
preexistin conglomer edges and gold
g source ate, Class of
material preexisting
rocks and
minerals
within fine-
grained
matrix
5 Sandstone Biotite brown, Vitreous None - foundry sand,
Silicate and gray, typically gemstones,
Orthocl Yellow, breaks with a Glass making
ase pink, conchoidal and hydraulic
white, fracture fracturing
tan and proppant
black
Table1.2 List of Sedimentary Rock

2.3. Metamorphic Rocks

No Figure Name Minerals Color/Strea Luster Cleavage/Fracture Major Uses

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 Present k
1 Slate Biotite and Blue-black Vitreous to homogeneous, Roof shingles,
Chlorite shade and pearly foliated Fine- fireproof,
Brown grained, flakes and electrical
uneven insulator and
Building
materials
2 Quartzite Fluorite/Fluorspar off-white, tends to imperfect and Roads,
and Garnet light brown, have Perfect roofing/flooring,
Gray, glassy walls and
yellow, red luster and railway ballast,
a sugary
appearance
3 Marble Calcite and White, Vitreous to No foliated Construction,
Garnet green and resinous metamorphic decorative stone,
pink Equivalent of material,
limestone flooring and tiles
4 Chlorite Biotite and Green oily to Uneven and Perfect Used for electric
Schist Chlorite soapy feel, power
perfect generation in the
cleavage U.S
and a
foliated
appearance
5 Mica Books, White/green Pearly Parallel and Perfect windows,
morine Monoclinic brown, to base microwave,
sheets Colorless, optical
black, filters and well
drilling
fluids
Table 1.3 List of Metamorphic Rock

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4. References

 e- Library (2018) [Online] available from < URL >

https://elibrary.mec.edu.om/Mec
 Alphabetical Mineral Reference (2018) [Online] available from < URL
>https://nature.berkeley.edu/classes/eps2/wisc/glossary2.html
 Geology rocks &minerals (2005) [Online] available from < URL
>https://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/metamorphic.html
 Gemstones and other unique minerals and rocks of Wyoming: A field guide for
collectors (2017) [Online] available from < URL
>https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/gemstones-other-unique-minerals-rocks-
wyoming-field-guide-nedham?trk=portfolio_article-card_title
 Physical geography(2018) [Online] available from < URL >:
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10f.html
 Creetown Gem Rock Museum(2018) [Online] available from < URL >
http://www.gemrock.net/learn/rocks-minerals/

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