The document summarizes different approaches to language teaching including their important aspects, views on how language is learned, and typical classroom practices. It outlines approaches such as presentation-practice-production, lexical approach, functional approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation, total physical response, guided discovery, content-based learning, content and language integrated learning, and an eclectic approach that mixes elements from different methods. Each approach emphasizes different elements like grammar, vocabulary, functions, or communication and incorporates activities designed to engage learners in practicing and using language in different ways.
The document summarizes different approaches to language teaching including their important aspects, views on how language is learned, and typical classroom practices. It outlines approaches such as presentation-practice-production, lexical approach, functional approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation, total physical response, guided discovery, content-based learning, content and language integrated learning, and an eclectic approach that mixes elements from different methods. Each approach emphasizes different elements like grammar, vocabulary, functions, or communication and incorporates activities designed to engage learners in practicing and using language in different ways.
The document summarizes different approaches to language teaching including their important aspects, views on how language is learned, and typical classroom practices. It outlines approaches such as presentation-practice-production, lexical approach, functional approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation, total physical response, guided discovery, content-based learning, content and language integrated learning, and an eclectic approach that mixes elements from different methods. Each approach emphasizes different elements like grammar, vocabulary, functions, or communication and incorporates activities designed to engage learners in practicing and using language in different ways.
Approach Important Aspect Learning View Classroom Practice
(Language is learned by…) Presentation, Grammatical structure Seeing language in a context 1. Stages: Presentation, Practice, & Production. Practice and Functions Practicing in controlled & 2. Mistakes are not allowed. Production (PPP) guided conditions 3. Teachers input language (example & information). 4. Learners do not make decisions about (what or how to learn). 5. Stages Activities: -Presentation: situational & mining. -Practice: Drilled (controlled practice). -Production: Information-gap activities. Lexical Approach Vocabulary Learning chunks 1. Working with written or spoken texts. (individual words – (learners need to notice chunks 2. Activities to encourage them to notice chunks. different kinds of chunks) to learn) 3. Carry out tasks to get them to use chunks. Functional Approach Functions Seeing language in a context 1. Functions: Practicing in controlled & -daily life guided conditions -communicative needs. 2. No typical practice. Communicative Communication Interaction 1. Pair or group work enable lots of interaction Approaches (through: function, 2. Fluency is more important than accuracy. grammar, vocabulary, 3. Using authentic materials in the classroom. discourse, & skills) (print, audio, video) 4. Teacher’s role: -setting up communicative activities. - providing correction Grammar- Grammatical rules Analysing & applying rules. 1. Studying the rules then applying them. translation 2. Deducting (working out) the meaning by applying. 3. Learning list of words. 4. Translating texts. 5. Grammatical Accuracy is very important. Approach Important Aspect Learning View Classroom Practice (Language is learned by…) Total Physical Grammar Exposure 1. Mainly with young learners and beginners. Response Vocabulary Silent period 2. Giving & following instructions (physically) (TPR) (should not be forced to speak) 3. At an advanced stage, learners give on another Doing things physically instructions. Relaxed learning Guided Discovery Meaning & use Working out patterns and rules 1. Teacher gives example: (Often used with: PPP, -examples of past tense. TBL and Functional -recording (several sentences sentence stress) Approach) 2. Teacher asks to work out the rule. 3. Teacher gives the rule/exercise after working it out. Content-based Grammar Presenting through interesting 1. Used mainly in primary and secondary schools. Learning Lexical topics. (to increase their 2. Topics are presented related to school subject Function knowledge) or the world. Content & Language Communication Acquisitions 1. Learning about subject matter & cognitive Integrated Learning (through: function, Learning something else skilled related school subjects (maths, history, (CLIL) grammar, vocabulary, art). discourse, & skills) 2. The school subject is taught in L2 (L3/L4). 3. Focus on the subject rather than on language. Eclectic Approach Mix lessons Mix 1. Mix (mix & match approach)
(International Perspectives on English Language Teaching) Anne Burns, Joseph Siegel (Eds.)-International Perspectives on Teaching the Four Skills in ELT_ Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing-Palgrave