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Design of Steel Structure – Design Process Flowcharts

1 Check of I Shaped Members and Channels Subject to Combined Axial Compression and
Flexure
Known data: Section dimensions and properties, Material properties, geometric data of structural
member and the applied forces.
The design and check process will be in accordance with:
1- Classification of sections for local buckling according to ASIC 360-16 Chapter B- section B4
2- Design and check of members for compression according to ASIC 360-16 Chapter E
3- Design and check of members for flexure according to ASIC 360-16 Chapter F
4- Design and check of members for Shear according to ASIC 360-16 Chapter G
5- Check of stability requirements as per ASIC 360-16 Chapter C and performing an
approximate method of second-order analysis provided in Appendix 8.
6- Design and check of members for combined actions according to ASIC 360-16 Chapter H
1.1 Classification of Sections:
As per AISC360-16 B4-1, For members subject to axial compression, sections are classified as
nonslender element or slender-element sections. For a nonslender-element section, the width to-
thickness ratios of its compression elements shall not exceed λr from Table B4.1a. If the width-to-
thickness ratio of any compression element exceeds λr, the section is a slender-element section.

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Design of Steel Structure – Design Process Flowcharts

For members subject to flexure, sections are classified as compact, noncompact or slender-
element sections. For a section to qualify as compact, its flanges must be continuously connected to the
web or webs, and the width-to-thickness ratios of its compression elements shall not exceed the limiting
width-to-thickness ratios, λp, from Table B4.1b. If the width-to-thickness ratio of one or more
compression elements exceeds λp but does not exceed λr from Table B4.1b, the section is noncompact.
If the width-to-thickness ratio of any compression element exceeds λr, the section is a slender-element
section.

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Design of Steel Structure – Design Process Flowcharts

1.2 Design and Check of Members for Compression

The members subject to axial compression will be checked according to ASIC360-16 Chapter E as
following:

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Where
Ag = Gross area of member, in.2 (mm2)
Cw = warping constant, in.6 (mm6)
G = shear modulus of elasticity of steel = 11,200 ksi (77 200 MPa)
Ix, Iy = moment of inertia about the principal axes, in.4 (mm4)
J = torsional constant, in.4 (mm4)
Kx = effective length factor for flexural buckling about x-axis
Ky = effective length factor for flexural buckling about y-axis
Kz = effective length factor for torsional buckling about the longitudinal axis
Lcx = KxLx = effective length of member for buckling about x-axis, in. (mm)
Lcy = KyLy = effective length of member for buckling about y-axis, in. (mm)
Lcz = KzLz = effective length of member for buckling about longitudinal axis, in. (mm)
Lx, Ly, Lz= laterally unbraced length of the member for each axis, in. (mm)
𝑟̅ = polar radius of gyration about the shear center, in.(mm)
rx = radius of gyration about x-axis, in. (mm)
ry = radius of gyration about y-axis, in. (mm)
xo, yo = coordinates of the shear center with respect to the centroid, in. (mm).
Fcr = Critical stress, ksi (MPa).
Fe = Elastic buckling stress, ksi (MPa)
Fel = Elastic local buckling stress, ksi (MPa)

1.3 Design and Check of Members for Flexure

AISC 360-16 Chapter applies to members subject to simple bending about one principal axis. For
simple bending, the member is loaded in a plane parallel to a principal axis that passes through the shear
center or is restrained against twisting at load points and supports.

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Design of Steel Structure – Design Process Flowcharts

the member flexural capacity will be calculated in both major and minor direction according to the
classification results of webs and flanges that are obtained from the first chart above, as following:

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where
Mn = nominal flexural strength, kip-in. (N-mm)
Mmax = absolute value of maximum moment in the unbraced segment, kip-in.(N-mm)
MA = absolute value of moment at quarter point of the unbraced segment, kip-in. (N-mm)
MB = absolute value of moment at centerline of the unbraced segment, kip-in. (N-mm)
MC = absolute value of moment at three-quarter point of the unbraced segment, kip-in. (N-mm).
Fy = specified minimum yield stress of the type of steel being used, ksi (MPa)
Zx = plastic section modulus about the x-axis, in.3 (mm3).

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Zy = plastic section modulus about the y-axis, in.3 (mm3).

E = modulus of elasticity of steel = 29,000 ksi (200 000 MPa)
J = torsional constant, in.4 (mm4)
Sx = elastic section modulus taken about the x-axis, in.3 (mm3)
ho = distance between the flange centroids, in. (mm)
h =distance as defined in Section B4.1b, in. (mm)
bf = width of the flange, in. (mm)
tf = thickness of the flange, in. (mm)
bfc = width of compression flange, in. (mm)
tfc = thickness of compression flange, in. (mm)
tw = thickness of web, in. (mm)
λpf = λp is the limiting slenderness for a compact flange, defined in Table B4.1b
λrf = λr is the limiting slenderness for a noncompact flange, defined in Table B4.1b
hc = twice the distance from the centroid to the following: the inside face of the compression flange
less the fillet or corner radius, for rolled shapes; the nearest line of fasteners at the
compression flange or the inside faces of the compression flange when welds are used, for
builtup sections, in. (mm)
λpw = λp, the limiting slenderness for a compact web, given in Table B4.1b
λrw = λr, the limiting slenderness for a noncompact web, given in Table B4.1b
Lb = length between points that are either braced against lateral displacement of compression flange
or braced against twist of the cross section, in. (mm).
Lp = limiting laterally unbraced length for the limit state of yielding, in. (mm).
Lr = limiting laterally unbraced length for the limit state of inelastic lateral-torsional buckling,
in.(mm).
Sxc = elastic section modulus referred to compression flange, in.3 (mm3).
Iyc = moment of inertia of the compression flange about the y-axis, in.4 (mm4).
Sxt = elastic section modulus referred to tension flange, in.3 (mm3)
Iy moment of inertia about the y-axis, in.4 (mm4)
ry radius of gyration about y-axis, in. (mm)
Cw = warping constant, in.6 (mm6).

1.4 Design and Check for Shear

ASIC 360-16 Chapter G: addresses webs of singly or doubly symmetric members subject to shear
in the plane of the web, single angles and HSS subject to shear, and shear in the weak direction
of singly or doubly symmetric shapes. For I shaped members and Channels the following steps
will be followed:

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where
Fy = specified minimum yield stress of the type of steel being used, ksi (MPa)
Aw = area of web, the overall depth times the web thickness, dtw, in.2 (mm2)
E = modulus of elasticity of steel = 29,000 ksi (200 000 MPa)
h = clear distance between flanges less the fillet at each flange, in. (mm)
tw = thickness of web, in. (mm)

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Design of Steel Structure – Design Process Flowcharts

1.5 Check of stability requirements performing an approximate method of second-order analysis and
check of members for combined actions according to ASIC 360-16 Chapter H
The following steps to be followed:

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