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‫ ابدي‬abadīya infinite duration, endless

‫ا‬ time, eternity


‫ ا‬a particle introducing direct and indirect ‫ آبد‬ābid wild, untamed
questions; ‫ أم ― ا‬a - am in alternative
‫ آبدة‬ābida pl. ‫ اوابد‬awābid2 unusual
questions; ‫ أم ―سواء ا‬sawā’un a ― am no
thing, prodigious event │ ‫ اوابد الدنيا‬a. ad-
matter whether - or; ‫ أ و‬a-wa particle
dunyā the Wonders of the World
indicating or implying doubt: or? perhaps?
(atau/apakah) ‫( ااوتشك في ذلك‬tašukku) you ‫ مَؤبد‬mu'abbad eternal, endless,
wouldn't doubt it, would you? do you everlasting │‫( سجن مَؤبد‬sijn) life
perhaps doubt it? or do you doubt it? َ‫اال‬ imprisonment
alā and ‫ اامَا‬a-mā intensifying interjections 1
‫ ابر‬abara i u (abr) to prick, sting II to
introducing sentences: verily, truly, pollinate (‫ هـ‬a palm tree)
indeed, oh yes, etc., ‫( االَ فانظروا‬fa-nẓurū)
oh, do look! why, look! ‫( اامَا انه‬innahū) ‫ ابرة‬ibra pl. ‫ ابر‬ibar needle, pln;
why, he is ... ! indicator (of an instrument); shot,
1
injection (med.);sting, prick │ ‫حقنه ابرة‬
‫ آب‬āb2 August = Agustus (month; Syr., Leb., ḥaqanahu ibratan to give s.o. an injection;
Jord., Ir.) ‫ ابرة الراعى‬i. ar-rā‘ī geranium (bot.); ‫ابرة‬
2
‫ اب‬see ‫ابو‬ ‫( مَغناطيسية‬magnāṯīsīya) magnetic needle;
3 ‫ شغل الَبرة‬šug1 al-i. needlework
‫ اب‬abba u to long, yearn, (‫ إلى وطنه‬ilā
waṯanihi for one's homeland) ‫ مَئبر‬mi'bar needlecase; pack needle
2
4
‫ ابيب‬look up alphabetically ‫ آبار‬ābār see ‫بئر‬
‫( اباتي‬It. abate) abātī abbot (Chr.) ‫ ابريشية‬abrašīya and ‫ ابروشية‬abrūšīya pl. -āt
diocese, bishoprie (Chr.); parish (Chr.)
‫ ابالة‬ibāla, ibbāla bundle, bale
‫ ابرمَيس‬abramīs, ‫ ابرامَيس‬bream (zool.)
‫ يا ابت‬see ‫ابو‬
‫ ابريز‬pure gold 1
‫ ابجد‬abjad alphabet
‫ ابريسم‬ibrīsam, ibrīsim silk
‫ ابجدي‬abjadī alphabetic(al); ‫ ابجديات‬elementary
facts, simple truths │ ‫الحروف الَبجدية‬the ‫ ابريق‬ibrīq pl. ‫ اباريق‬abārīq2 pitcher, jug
letters of the alphabet ‫ ابريل‬abril April
‫ ابد‬abada (‫ ابود‬ubūd) to stay, linger (‫ ب‬at a ‫ ابزن‬abzan pl. ‫ ابازن‬abāzin2 washbowl
place); ― i u to roam in a state of
wildness, run wild, be shy, shy away, run ‫ ابزيم‬ibzīm pl. ‫ ابازم‬abāzim2 buckle, clasp
away (animal, game) II to make lasting or ‫ ابض‬ubḍ pl. ‫ آباض‬ābāḍ and ‫ مَأبض‬ma’biḍ pl.
permanent, perpetuate, eternize (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V ‫ مَآبض‬ma’ābiḍ2 hollow of the knee,
to be perpetuated, become lasting or popliteal space
permanentl; to return to a state of wildness
‫ ابط‬V to take or carry under one's arm (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
‫ ابد‬abad pl. ‫ آباد‬ābād endless, eternal to put one's arm (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬around s.o., around
duration, eternity; ‫ ابدا‬abadan always, s.th.), hold in one's arm (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.)
forever; ever, (with neg.) never (in the
future), not at all, on no account; (alone, ‫ ابط‬ibṯ pl. ‫ آباط‬ābāṯ m. and f. armpit
without negation) never! not at all! By no ‫ ابق‬abaqa i (‫ اباق‬ibāq) to escape, run away (a
means! │ ‫ إلى البد‬،‫ على البد‬and ‫أبد الدهر‬ slave from his master)
abada d-dahri forever; ‫ ابد البدين‬abada l-
‫ ابق‬abaq a kind of hemp
abadīn and ‫ إلى ابد البدين‬ilā abadi l-a.
forever and ever ‫ آبق‬ābiq pl. ‫ اباق‬ubbāq runaway,
escaped; a fugitive
‫ ابدي‬abadi everlasting, eternal, endless
1
‫ ابل‬ibil (coll.) camel
‫ الَبدي‬al-abadī eternity
2
‫ ابالة‬ibāla, ibbāla bundle, bale
‫ ابليز‬iblīz alluvial deposits (of the Nile) │ ‫( ابى الَ أن يفعله‬illā an yaf’alahū) he
insisted on doing it; ‫ ابى ا إلَ أن‬God willed
‫ ابليس‬iblīs pl. ‫ ابالسة‬abālisa devil, Satan
that ... V to refuse, decline
1
‫ ابن‬II to celebrate, praise, eulogize (‫ ه‬a
‫ اباء‬ibā’, ‫ اباءة‬ibā’a rejection; dislike,
deceased person), deliver a funeral oration
distaste, aversion, disdain; pride
(‫ ه‬in praise of s.o.)
‫ ابي‬abīy disdainful, scornful: proud,
‫ ابنة‬ubna passive pederasty
lofty, lofty-minded
‫ ابان‬ibbān time: ‫ ابان‬ibbāna during, ‫في‬
‫ آب‬ābin pl. ‫ اباة‬ubāh reserved,
‫ ابان‬at the time of, during
standoffish; unwilling, reluctant, grudging
‫ تأبين‬ta’bīn commemoration (of a
‫ ابيب‬abīb the eleventh month of the Coptic
deceased person) │‫ حفلة تأبين‬ḥaflat at-t.
calendar 2
commemorative celebration (in honor of a
deceased person) ‫ ابيقوري‬abīqūrī Epicurean
‫ مَأبون‬ma’būn catamite; weakling, ‫ ابيقوري‬abīqūriya Epicureanism
mollycoddle, sissy; scoundrel ‫ اترج‬utrujj and ‫ اترنج‬utrunj citron (Citrus
2
‫ ابن‬see 1‫بن‬ medica; bot.)
‫ ابنوس‬abnūs ebony ‫( آتشجي‬Turk. ateşçi) ātešgī fireman, stoker
‫ ابه‬abaha and abiha a (abh) to pay attention (‫ل‬, ‫ مَأتم‬ma’tam pl. ‫ مَآتم‬ma’ātim2 obsequies, funeral
also ‫ ب‬to), heed (‫ل‬, also ‫ ب‬s.th.), take ceremony
notice (‫ل‬, also ‫ ب‬of) │‫امَر لَ يؤبه له‬ 1
‫ اتان‬atān pl. ‫ آتن‬ātun, ‫ اتن‬utun, utn female
(yu'bahu) an insignificant, unimportant donkey, she-ass
matter V to display proud, haughty
2
manners; to turn away, keep one's ‫ اتون‬atūn, attūn pl. ‫ اتن‬utun, ‫ اتاتن‬atātīn2 kiln,
distance, remain aloof (‫ عن‬from), look furnace, oven
down (‫ عن‬upon), think o.s. far above (‫عن‬ ‫ اتاوة‬itāwa pl. ‫ اتاوى‬atāwā duty, tax, tribute
s.o. or s.th.)
‫( اتوبيس‬Fr.) otobīs autobus, bus
‫ ابهة‬ubbaha splendor, pomp,
ostentation, pageantry; pride ‫( اتومَاتيكي‬Fr.) otomātīkī automatic
‫ اب‬ab pl. ‫ آباء‬aba' father (also eccl.): ancestor, ‫ اتومَبيل‬boyl lI‫الى‬d ‫( اتومَوبيل‬Fr.) otomobīl
forefather: ‫ يــا ابــت‬yā abati O my father! automobile
‫ الَبــوان‬al-abawān the parents, father and ‫ اتى‬atā i (‫ اتيان‬ityān, ‫ اتى‬aty, ‫ مَأتاة‬to come (‫ ه‬or
mother; ‫ ابونا‬abūnā reverend father, form of ‫ الى‬to; ‫ على‬over s.o.), arrive (‫ هـ‬or ‫ الى‬at); ‫ب‬
address and title of a priest (Chr). │‫ابا عن جد‬ ‫ اتى‬to bring, bring forward, produce,
aban ‘an jaddin handed down from father advance, accomplish or achieve s.th.; ‫اتى ه‬
to son, as s.th. inherited from forefathers; ‫ ب‬to bring, give or offer s.o. s.th.; to do,
‫ ابو ســعن‬abū su’n marabou; ‫ ابــو النــوم‬abū n- perform (‫ هـ‬a deed), carry out, execute (‫هـ‬
naum poppy; ‫ ابـــو الهـــول‬abū l-haul the e.g., movements); to commit, perpetrate (
Sphinx; ‫ ابو اليقظان‬abū l-yaqẓān rooster, cock ‫ هـ‬a sin, a. crime); to mention (‫ على‬s.th.); to
‫ ابوة‬ubūwa fatherhood, paternity finish off (‫ على‬s.th., also s.o.); to finish,
complete, carry through, dispose, settle,
‫ ابوي‬abawī paternal, fatherly wind up, conclude, terminate, bring to a
‫ ابونيت‬ebonite close (‫ على‬s.th.); to destroy, annihilate,
eradicate, wipe out (‫ على‬s.th.); to
‫( ابونيه‬Fr. abonné) abūneh pl. -āt subscription; eliminate, carry away, sweep away (‫على‬
subscription card (e.g., for public s.th.), do away (‫ على‬with); to use up,
conveyances, a concert season, etc.) exhaust (also a subject), present
‫ ابى‬abā a (‫ اباء‬ibā’, ‫ اباءة‬ibā’a) to refuse, exhaustively, in great detail (‫ على‬s.th.),
decline; to turn down, reject, scorn, elaborate (‫ على‬on s.th.) │ ‫ كما يأتي‬as
disdain (‫ هـ‬s.th.): to deny (‫ على هـ‬s.o. s.th.) follows; ‫( اتى على آخره‬ākhirihī) to
complete, finish s.th.; to spend or use up ‫ على‬upon), produce an effect, make an
the last of s.th.; ‫ اتى على الخضر واليابس‬to impression, have influence (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬on);
destroy everything, wreak havoc; ‫اتى‬ to induce (phys.) IV to prefer (‫ هـ على‬s.th.
‫ البيوت مَن ابوابها‬s.th. in the right way, knock to), like (‫ هـ‬s.th.) more (‫ على‬than); to have a
on the right door;‫ يؤتى مَن قبل‬yu’ta min predilection, a liking (‫ هـ‬for), like (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
qibali is undermined, weakened, ruined by be fond (‫ هـ‬of); to choose, deem wise or
III to offer furnish, give, afford (‫ ب‬to s.o. advisable (‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to adore (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
s.th.), provide, supply (‫ ب‬s.o. with); to be s.o., s.th.) │‫( آثر نفسه بالخير‬nafsahū bi-l-
propitious, be favorable (‫ ه‬for s.o.), favor ( kair) to wish o.s. well, hope for the best
‫ ه‬s.o.); to turn out well (. for s.o.), be in for o.s. V to be impressed, be influenced;
favor (‫ ه‬of); to suit, befit, become (‫ ه‬s.o.), to let o.s. be impressed, be impressible; to
be appropriate (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to agree (‫ ه‬with be moved, be touched (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬by, also ‫;)مَن‬
s.o.; food) │‫( اتاه كل شيء‬kullu šai’in) to be excited, be stimulated; to be affected
everything was in his favor, turned out (‫ ب‬by, said of materials, e.g., iron by acid);
well for him, came his way IV to bring (‫هـ‬ to be induced (phys.); to follow in s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
s.o. s.th.); to give (‫ هـ‬s.o. s.th.); to grant (‫هـ‬ tracks, follow s.o.’s example, emulate (‫ه‬
‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), bestow (‫ هـ‬upon s.o. s.th.) │ s.o.); to pursue, follow up (‫ هـ‬a question, a
‫( آتى الزكاة‬zakāta) to give alms V to problem); to perceive, feel (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to
originate, stem, derive, spring, arise, result claim a monopoly; to possess alone, with
(‫ عن‬from); to end (‫ عن‬with), result (‫عن‬ the exclusion of others, monopolize (‫ب‬
in); to get (‫ الى‬to), arrive (‫ الى‬at); to be easy s.th.); to appropriate (‫ ب‬s.th.), take
to do, be feasible without difficulty, be exclusive possession (‫ ب‬of); to preoccupy
attainable, go well, progress; to go about (‫ هـ‬s.th.), engross (‫ هـ‬the attention) │ ‫استأثر‬
s.th. (‫ )فى‬gently, cautiously X to ask to ‫ ا به‬the Lord has taken him unto Himself
come, induce to come (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ اثر‬aṯar pl. ‫ آثار‬āṯār track, trace, vestige;
‫ مَأتى‬ma’tan pl. ‫ مَآت‬ma’ātin place where sign, mark; touch; impression, effect,
s.th. comes from; place at which one action, influence (‫ في‬on); tradition
arrives; access; pl. ‫ مَآت‬place of origin; (relating the deeds and utterances of
origin, source, provenance; place where Mohammed and his Companions); work
one has been or to which one has come; (of art, esp. of literature); ancient
place where s.th. starts, where s.th. ends monument; ‫ آثار‬antiquities; remnants,
vestiges; (religious) relics │‫‘ علم الثار‬ilm
‫ آت‬ātin coming, next; following │
al-a. archeology; ‫ دار الثار‬museum of
‫( السبوع التي‬usbū‘) the coming week, next
antiquities; ‫( لَ اثر له‬aṯara) ineffective,
week; ‫ كالتي‬as follows
ineffectnal; ‫( بأثر رجعي‬raj‘ī) with
‫ مَوات‬mu’ātin, muwātin favorable, retroactive force (jur.); ‫اصبح اثرا بعد عين‬
propitious, opportune, convenient, suitable aṣbaḥa aṯaran ba‘da ‘ainin to be
‫ اث‬aṯṯa u I a (‫ اثاثة‬aṯāṯa) to be luxuriant, grow destroyed, be wiped out, leave nothing but
profusely (hair, plants) II to fix up, memory behind; ‫( اعاده اثرا بعد عين‬a‘adahū)
prepare (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to furnish (‫ هـ‬an to destroy s.th. completely ; ‫ في اثره‬,‫على اثره‬
apartment) V to be or become rich, (also fī iṯrihī) on his (its) track, at his
wealthy, to prosper; to be furnished heels, after him; immediately afterwards,
presently, thereupon; ;'11 j. immediately
‫ اثاث‬aṯāṯ furniture, furnishings (of an afterwards, presently
apartment, of a room)
‫ اثر‬iṯra (prep.) immediately after, right
‫ تأثيث‬ta’ṯīṯ furnishing after
‫ اث‬aṯṯ, ‫ اثاث‬aṯīṯ abundant, luxuriant, ‫ اثري‬aṯarī archeologic(a1); archeologist
profusely growing (hair, plants) (also ‫ آثاري‬āṯārī); old, ancient, antique │
‫ اثر‬aṯara u i (aṯr, ‫ اثارة‬aṯāra) to transmit, pass ‫ عالم اثري‬archeologist; ‫( لغة اثرية‬luga) dead
along, report, relate (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ عن‬from, or language
based on the authority of, s.o.) II to affect, ‫ اثر‬aṯir egoistic, selfish
influence (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬s.o., s.th.), act (‫ في‬or
‫ اثرة‬aṯara selfishness, egoism ‫ اثيل‬atīl and ‫ مَؤثل‬mu’attal deep-rooted;
of noble origin, highborn
‫ اثير‬aṯīr favored, preferred (‫ عند‬by s.o.),
in favor (‫ عند‬with s.o.); select, exquisite, ‫ اثم‬atima a (itm, atam, ‫ مَأثم‬ma’tam) to sin, err,
noble; see also alphabetically slip V to eschew sin, shun evil; to restrain
o.s. hold back
‫ اثارة‬aṯāra remainder, remnant; faint
trace, vestige ‫ اثم‬itm pl. ‫ آثام‬ātām sin, offense,
misdeed, crime
‫ مَأثرة‬ma’ṯara, ma’ṯura pl. ‫ مَآثر‬ma’āṯir2
exploit, feat, glorious deed ‫ مَأثم‬ma’tam pl. ‫ مَآثم‬sin, offense,
misdeed, crime
‫ تأثير‬ta’ṯīr action, effect, influence,
impression (‫ على‬,‫ في‬on); effectiveness, ‫ تأثيم‬sin, offense, misdeed, crime
efficacy; induction (phys.) ‫ آثم‬ātim pl. ‫ اثمة‬atama and ‫ اثيم‬atīm pl.
‫ تأثيري‬ta’ṯīrī produced by induction, ‫ اثماء‬atmā’ sinful, criminal, wicked, evil;
inductive, inductional, induced (phys.) sinner
‫ إيثار‬īṯār preference; altruism; ‫ اثمد‬itmid antimony
predilection; love, affection ‫ اثير‬atīr ether
‫ تأثر‬ta’aṯṯur being influenced; agitation, ‫ اثينا‬atīnā Athens
emotion, feeling; excitability, sensitivity;
(pl. -āt) feeling, sensation, perception │ ‫ اثيوبيا‬atyūbiyā Ethiopia
‫ سريع التأثر‬easily impressed, impressible, ‫ اثيوبي‬atyūbī Ethiopian; (pl.-ūn) an
sensitive Ethiopian │ ‫البلد الاثيوبية‬Ethiopia
‫ تأثري‬ta’aṯṯurī: ‫المذهب التأثري‬ ‫ اج‬ajja u i (‫ اجيج‬ajīj) to burn, blaze, flame (fire)
(madhab)the impressionistic movement II to light, kindle, start (‫ هـ‬a fire) V = I
‫ تأثرية‬ta’atturīya impressionism ‫ مَاء اجاج‬mā’ ujāj bitter, salty water
‫ استئثار‬isti’tār arrogation of a monopoly; ‫ اجاج‬ajjāj burning, blazing, hot
monopolization; presumption,
presumptuousness; exclusive power ‫ مَتأجج‬muta’ajjij burning, blazing,
flaming
‫ مَأثور‬ma’tūr transmitted, handed down
│ ‫(قول مَأثور‬qaul) and ‫( كلمة مَأثورة‬kalima) ‫ اجبية‬ajabīya horologium (Copt.-Chr.)
proverb 2
‫ أجر‬ajara u (ajr) to reward, recompense,
‫ مَؤثر‬mu’attir affecting, acting upon; remunerate (‫ هـ‬s.o.) II to let for rent, let
effective; impressive; moving, touching, out, hire out, rent, lease (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (with
pathetic; (pl. -āt) influencing factor, nafsahū) to hire s.o. out IV to let for rent,
influence let out, hire out, rent, lease (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
2
rent, hire, lease, hold under a lease (‫هـ‬
‫ أثير‬look up alphabetically s.th.), take a lease, (‫ هـ‬on); to hire, engage,
‫ أثفية‬utfīya pl. ‫ أثاف‬atāfin trivet, tripod (in take on (‫ ه‬s.o.), engage the services (‫ ه‬of
&ncient times: &ny one of the three s.o.) X to rent, hire, lease, hold under a
stones supporting a cooking pot near the lease (‫هـ‬.th.), take a lease (‫ هـ‬on); to charter
fire) │ ‫ ثالثة الثافي‬that which rounds out a (‫ هـ‬a vessel); to hire, engage, take on (‫ه‬
number, caps s.th., puts the lid on s.th., the s.o.), engage the service (‫ ه‬of s.o.)
crowning touch ‫ اجر‬ajr pl. ‫ اجور‬ujūr wages, pay,
‫ اثل‬atala i to consolidate, strengthen II to honorarium, recompense, emolument,
become rich V to be consolidated, be remuneration; price, rate, fee │ ‫اجور السفر‬
strengthened; to become rich u. as-safar fares
‫ اثل‬atl pl. ‫ اثول‬utūl (coll.; n. un. pl. ‫ اجرة‬ujra hire, rent, rental; price, rate,
atalat) tamarisk (bot.) fee; fixed rate, (official) charge; postage │
‫ اجرة البريد‬postage; ‫ اجرة النقل‬u. an-naql
transport charges, freight(age), carriage, ‫ آجل‬ājil delayed, protracted; deferred;
cartage later, future (as opposed to ‫عاجلا او │)عاجل‬
‫’آجل‬ājilan au ājilan, ‫ في عاجله او آجله‬sooner
‫ اجير‬ajīr pl. ‫ اجراء‬ujarā’ hireling;
or later, now or later on; ‫في العاجل والجل‬
workman, laborer, day laborer; employee
now and in the future
‫ اجيرة‬ajīra working woman, factory ‫ الجلة‬al-ājila the life to come, the
girl, female laborer; woman employee hereafter
‫ تأجير‬ta’jīr letting, leasing, hiring out, ‫ مَؤجل‬mu’ajjal delayed, late, postponed,
letting on lease; lease│ ‫مَشروع التأجير‬ deferred; fixed in time, deadlined
‫( والعارة‬i‘āra) Lend-Lease Act ‫ اجمة‬ajama, coll. ‫ اجم‬ajam pl. -āt, ‫ اجم‬ujum, ‫آجام‬
‫ ايجار‬ījār pl. -āt rent; letting, leasing, ājām thicket, jungle, forest: reeds,
hiring out, letting on lease│ ‫ لليجار‬for canebrake
rent, to let ‫ اجمية‬ajamiya malaria│ ‫ بعوضة الجمية‬ba‘ūḍat
‫ اجارة‬ijāra pl. -āt rent; letting, leasing, al-a. anopheles
hiring out, letting on lease ‫ آجن‬ājin brackish (water)
‫ استئجار‬isti’jār rent, lease, tenure ‫ اجندة‬ajanda notebook
‫ مَأجور‬ma’jūr paid, salaried, on the ‫ اح‬aḥḥa u (aḥḥ) to cough
payroll, gainfully employed; employee;
‫ احد‬II to make into one, unite, unify (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
mercenary, venal, hired, bribed
VIII ‫ اتحد‬see ‫وحد‬
‫ مَؤجر‬mu’ajjir pl. -ūn landlord, lessor
‫ احد‬aḥad, f. ‫ احدى‬one: somebody, someone,
‫ مَستأجر‬musta’jir leaseholder, lessee, anybody, anyone (esp. in negative
tenant; employer 5 sentences and questions); ‫ الحد‬the One
2
‫ آجر‬ājurr (n. un. ‫ )ة‬baked brick (God); Sunday│‫ احدهم‬aḥaduhum every one
of them; ‫ يوم الحد‬yaum al-a. Sunday; ‫أحد‬
‫ اجزاجي‬see ‫جزء‬ ‫ السعف‬a. as-sa‘af Palm Sunday; ‫أحد العنصرة‬
‫ اجزاخانة‬see ‫جزء‬ a. al-‘anṣara Whitsunday; ‫ آحد اللوف‬āḥād
al-ulūf a few thousand (2-9000; as
‫ اجاص‬ijjāṣ pear distinguished from ‫ عشرات اللوف‬and ‫مَئات‬
‫ اجل‬ajala a (ajal) to hesitate, tarry, linger II to ‫)اللوف‬
delay, postpone, put off, defer, adjourn ( ‫هـ‬ ‫ احدي‬aḥadī dominical, Sunday (adj.)
‫ الى‬s.th. till) V to be postponed, be
deferred, be adjourned (‫ مَؤجر‬till, to) X to ‫ احدية‬aḥadīya unity, oneness
request postponement (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to seek ‫ الآحد‬al-āḥād the units (math.)
to delay (‫ هـ‬s.th.) 1
‫ احن‬aḥina a (aḥan) to bate (‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ اجل‬ajal yes, indeed! certainly! by all means!
‫ احنة‬iḥna pl. ‫ احن‬iḥan old feud, deep-rooted
‫ لجل‬li-ajli or ‫ مَن اجل‬min ajli because of, hatred
on account of, for the sake of; for │ ‫لجل‬ 2
‫أن‬in order that, that, so that; ‫مَــن أجــل هــذا‬ ‫ احين‬see ‫اوح‬
therefore, for that reason, on this account ‫ اخ‬see ‫اخو‬
‫ اجل‬ajal pl. ‫ آجال‬ājāl appointed time,
‫ اخت‬see ‫اخو‬
date, deadline; instant of death; respite,
delay│‫ بالجل‬on credit (com.); ‫قصير الجل‬ ‫ اخذ‬aḳaḍa u (aḳḍ) to take (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from or
short-term, short-time; short-lived: ‫إلى أجل‬ out of): to take (‫ هـ‬s.th.) along: to get,
‫( غير مَسمى‬gairi musammā) for an receive, obtain (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from); to take
indefinite period, sine die, until further up, seize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to grab (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.),
notice take hold of (‫)ب‬: to perceive, notice (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ تأجيل‬ta’jīl delay, postponement, said of the eye); to gather, understand,
adjournment, deferment, respite; infer, deduce (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from), read (‫هـ‬
appointment of a time or date s.th.) between the lines (‫ مَن‬of); to grip,
captivate, thrill, spellbind (‫ ب‬s.o.); to take s.o., take care of s.o., look after s.o.; ‫أخذ‬
up, acquire, make one's own (‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., ‫( نفسه‬nafasahū) to draw breath; ‫أخذ عليه‬
a method); to keep, adhere (‫ ب‬to), ‫ أنفاسه‬to take s.o.’s breath away; ‫أخذ النوم‬
observe, take over, adopt, embrace, (naum) sleep overwhelmed him; ‫أخذ بيده‬
follow, copy, imitate (‫ ب‬s.th.); to accept ( (bi-yadihī) to help s.o., stand by s.o. II to
‫ ب‬s.th.); to take, lead (‫ الى ب‬s.o. to); to lay under a spell, enchant, bewitch (‫ ه‬s.o.)
admonish, urge, drive (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); III to censure, blame (‫ على ه‬,‫ ب‬s.o. for
to enjoin, impose (‫ ب ه‬on s.o. s.th.); to take s.th.); to punish (‫ على ه‬,‫ ب‬s.o. for); to hold
away (‫ ه على‬from s.o. s.th.), strip, deprive ( s.th. (‫ )على‬against s.o. (‫)ه‬, resent (‫ على‬s.th.
‫ ه على‬s.o. of), cut off, bar (‫ ه على‬s.o. from); ‫ه‬, in s.o.)│ ‫ لَ تؤاخذني‬lā tu’āḳidnī pardon
to reproach, hlame (‫ ه على‬s.o. for); to hold me! forgive me! no offense, I hope! VIII ‫ات‬
against s.o. (‫ )على‬that ... (‫)ان‬, fix the blame ‫ خذ‬ittaḳada to take (‫ ه‬s.th.); to take on,
(‫ على‬on s.o., ‫ ان‬for the fact that); to assume (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to take up, occupy (‫هـ‬
obligate (‫ ب على‬s.o. to); to learn (‫ على‬or ‫عن‬ s.th.); to pass, adopt (‫ هـ‬e.g., a resolution);
from s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.), acquire knowledge (‫على‬ to take, single out, have in mind (‫ ه ه‬,‫هـ هـ‬
or ‫ عن‬from s.o.), ‫'( أخذ العلم عنه‬ilm) to study s.o. or s.th. as); to make use (‫ هـ‬of s.th.),
under s.o.; to begin, start (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬with use (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to imitate, affect (‫ هـ‬e.g.,
s.th. or s.th., with foll. imperf.: to do s.th.), s.o.’s manner of speaking); to make (‫مَن هـ‬
prepare, set out, be about (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬to do s.th. out of s.o. or s.th.)│ ‫( اتخذ شكل‬šaklan)
s.th.) │ ‫( أخذ أبهته‬uhbatahū) to make to take on a form or shape; ‫اتخذ مَوقفا‬
preparations, prepare o.s., get ready; ‫أخذ‬ (mauqifan) to take an attitude, assume a
‫( مَأخذ فلن‬ma’ḳad) to adopt the same position; ‫ اتخذ التدابير الَزمَة‬to take the
course as s.o. else, follow s.o.’s example; necessary measures; ‫( اتخذ قرارا‬qarāran) to
‫ أخذ مَنه مَأخذا‬to seize s.o., take possession of pass or adopt a resolution; ‫اتخذ المواقع الجديدة‬
s.o. (a sensation, or the like); ‫أخذ مَجراه‬ to take up new positions (troops)
(majrāhu) to take its course; ‫أخذ مَجلسه‬ ‫ أخذ‬aḳd acceptance, reception; seizure;
(majlisahū) to take one's seat, sit down; ‫أخ‬ taking out, taking away, removal, etc.│ ‫أخذ‬
‫( ذ خذره‬ḥidrahū) to be on one's guard; ‫أخذه‬ ‫ الرأي‬a. ar-ra'y voting, vote; ‫( أخذ ورد‬wa-
‫( بالحسنى‬ḥusnā) to be friendly, be nice to radd) discussion, debate, dispute,
s.o.; ‫( أخذ بخاطره‬bi-ḳāṯirihī) to show o.s. argument; ‫( شيء لَ يقبل أخذا ولَ ردا‬yaqbalu)
complaisant toward s.o., try to please s.o.; an indisputable matter; ‫أخذ وعطاء‬
‫( أخذ بذنبه‬bi-danbihi) to punish s.o. for his (wa-‘aṯā’) give-and-take; traffic, trade;
offense; ‫( أخذ رأيه‬ra'yahū) to ask s.o.’s dealings, relations (esp. business,
opinion, consult s.o.; ‫( أخذ الرأي عليه‬uḳida commercial); discussion, debate; fight,
r-ra'yu) the matter was put to a vote; ‫أخذ‬ battle
‫( بأسباب‬bi-asbābi) to embrace, adopt s.th.,
e.g., ‫( أخذ بأسباب الحضارة الروبية‬ḥaḍāra) to ‫ أخذة‬uḳda spell, charm
adopt European culture; ‫( أخذ بالشدة‬šidda) ‫ أخيذ‬aḳīd prisoner of war
to deal with s.o. severely, give s.o. a rough
time; ‫ أخذ عليه طريقه‬to obstruct s.o.’s way, ‫ أخيذة‬aḳīda booty, spoils
hinder s.o. from moving on; ‫ أخذ على عاتقه‬to ‫ أخاذ‬aḳḳād captivating, fascinating,
shoulder s.th., take s.th. upon o.s.; ‫أخذ العدة‬ thrilling
‫‘( ل‬udda) to prepare, set out, get ready to
do s.th.; ‫‘( أخذ عليه عهدا‬ahdan) to put s.o. ‫ مَأخذ‬ma’ḳad pl. ‫ مَآخذ‬ma’āḳid2 place
under an obligation, impose a from which one takes s.th., source; O wall
commitment on s.o.; ‫أخذ على )حين( غرة‬ socket, outlet (el.); adoption, borrowing,
uḳida ‘alā (ḥīni) girratin to be taken by loan; manner of acting, mode of
surprise, be caught unawares; ‫أخذ بالمقابلة‬ procedure, approach; pl. ‫ مَآخذ‬source
(muqābala) to repay like for like; ‫شيء يأخذ‬ references, bibliography (in booke);
‫ القلوب‬s.th. which captivates the heart, a reprehensible points, faults, flaws, defects,
fascinating, thrilling thing; ‫أخذنا المطر‬ shortcomings│ ‫ المأخذ القرب‬the simplest,
(maṯarū) we got caught in the rain; ‫أخذ‬ easiest approach; ‫ قريب المأخذ‬easy to handle
‫( بناصره‬bi-nāṣirihi) to help s.o., stand by or to use; see wao aḳada (middle of
paragraph)
‫ مَؤاخذة‬mu’āḳada objection, exception; turn, she in turn, ‫ انا الخر‬I also; ‫ان كانت‬
censure, blame│ ‫( !لَ مَؤاخذة‬mu’āḳadata) ‫( الخرى‬in kānat) otherwise; ‫مَن آن الى آخر‬
pardon me! no offense, I hope! from time to time; ‫( مَن سنة الى اخرى‬sana)
from year to year; ‫( بين فترة واخرى‬fatra)
‫ أخذ‬ma’ḳūd taken, seized; taken by
once in a while, from time to time; ―‫اخرى‬
surprise, caught, trapped; surprised; taken
‫( آونة‬awinatan) sometimes -- sometimes, at
(‫ ب‬with), fascinated (‫ ب‬by); ‫ مَأخوذ به‬in
times -- at times
force, valid
‫ الخرى‬al-uḳrā the hereafter
‫ مَأخوذات‬ma’ḳūdāt receipts, takings,
returns (com.) ‫ اخروي‬uḳrawī of or relating to the life to
come or the hereafter
‫ اخر‬II to delay, put off, defer, postpone,
adjourn (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to hinder, impede, ‫ اخير‬aḳīr last; latest; rearmost; the
obstruct, hold up (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.), slow second of two; ‫ اخيرا‬eventually, finally, in
down, retard (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to draw out, delay ( the end, after all, at last; recently, the other
‫ عن‬s.th. beyond its appointed time); to put day; ‫ الول―الَخير‬the former—the latter│
back (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), shelve (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫اخيرا وليس آخرا‬last but not least
set back (‫ هـ‬a watch, a clock); to suspend, ‫ مَئخار‬mi’ḳār palm which retains its fruit
discharge, dismiss, remove (‫ ه‬s.o. from an into the winter
office) V to be late; to be delayed, fall or
lag behind (‫)عن‬, tarry, linger, hesitate; to ‫ تأخير‬ta’ḳīr delay, deferment,
default (‫ عن‬on), be behindhand, be in postponement; obstruction, retardation;
arrears (‫ عن‬with), be behind (‫ عن‬in); to putting back, temporary shelving
hesitate (‫ عن‬with); to be suspended (from ‫تأخر‬.f ta’aḳḳar delay, lag, retardation;
service), be discharged, be dismissed│ ‫لم‬ hesitation, tarrying, lingering; slowness,
‫ يتأخر بعد ذلك مَن ان‬after that, he did not tardiness; backwardness,
hesitate long before he …, presently, he ... underdevelopment (of a country)
‫ آخر‬āḳir pl. -ūn, -āt, ‫ اواخر‬awaḳir2 last, ‫ مَؤخر‬mu’aḳḳar rear part, tail, end; atern
ultimate, utmost, extreme; end, close, (of a ship); remainder, balance (of a sum,
conclusion; foot, bottom (of a paper); ‫الخ‬ to be paid later); ‫ مَؤخرا‬mu’aḳḳaran
‫ ر‬and ‫ الخرة‬the hereafter│ ‫ الدار الخرة‬the recently, lately, the other day; at last,
abode in the hereafter, the everlasting finally, eventually
abode; ‫الى آخره‬ilā ākīirihī and so forth, et
cetera; ‫ آخر المَر‬āḳir l-amri eventually, ‫ مَؤخرة‬mu’aḳḳara rear, rear guard (of an
finally, in the end, after all; ‫ آخر الدهر‬āḳir army); rear positions or lines (mil.); stern
d-dahri forever; ‫ آخر الزمَان‬a. az-zamān (of a ship)
time at which the Day of Judgment is to ‫ مَتأخر‬muta’aḳḳir delayed, belated, late;
be expected, the end of the world; ‫عن آخره‬ occurring later (‫ عن‬than); behind,
to the last, down to the grass roots, behindhand in arrears; backward,
entirely, completely, e.g., ‫دمَر عن آخره‬ underdeveloped; lagging, staying behind;
(dummira) to be completely destroyed, be defaulter; ‫ المتأخرون‬the later, or modern,
wiped off the map; ‫ مَن آخره‬from behind, authors, writers, or the like (as opposed to
from the rear; ‫ مَا له آخر‬endless, infinite; ‫في‬ ‫ المتأخرات ;)المتقدمَون‬arrears, balance of a
‫ آخر الخر‬after all, last of all; ‫ اواخر الشهر‬a. ‫س‬um remaining due after previous
aš-šahr the end of the month, the last ten payment│ ‫( البلدان المتأخرة‬buldān) the
days of the month; ‫ اخيرا وليس آخرا‬last but underdeveloped countries
not least
‫ اخطبوط‬uḳṯubūṯ octopus
‫ الخرة‬al-āḳira the hereafter
‫ اخو‬III to fraternize, associate as brothers (‫ه‬
‫ آخر‬āḳar 2, f. ‫ اخرى‬uḳrā, pl. comm. ‫اخر‬ with s.o.) V to act or show o.s. as a
uḳar 2 (and ‫ آخرون‬āḳarūn or ‫اخريات‬ brother or friend VI to fraternize, associate
respectively) another, one more, ‫ الخر‬the as brothers
other│ ‫( مَرة اخرى‬marratan) once more; ‫هي‬
‫ هو الخر‬,‫ الخرى‬he also, she also, he in
‫ اخ‬aḳ pl. ‫ اخو‬iḳwa, ‫ اخوان‬iḳwān brother; impolite, uncivil; ‫‘( الدب العامَي‬āmmī)
fellow man, neighbor; friend; pl. ‫اخوان‬ popular literature; ‫ رجال الدب‬literati, men
specif., brethren or members of an order; ‫ا‬ of letters; ‫ كلية الداب‬kullīyat al-ā. (= faculté
‫ لخوان‬religious brotherhood of the Wahabi des lettres) college of arts; ‫ آداب‬rules, rules
sect, militant in character, established by of conduct, e.g., ‫ آداب السلوك‬rules of
Ibn Sa‘ūd in 1910│ ‫ يا أخي‬my dear friend! decorum, etiquette; ‫ الآداب‬decency, morals
‫ اخو ثقة‬aḳū tiqa trustworthy, reliable; ‫اخ‬ ‫ادبي‬adabī moral, ethic(al); literary│ ‫واج‬
‫ شقيق‬brother through both father and ‫ ب ادبي‬moral obligation; ‫ادبيا ومَاديا‬
mother, brother-german adabiyan wa-māddīyan morally and
‫ اخت‬uḳt pl. ‫ اخوات‬aḳawāt sister; (gram.) physically; ‫( الفلسفة الدبية‬falsafa) ethics,
cognate; counterpart│ ‫ اختها‬the other (of moral science
two), its mate, its counterpart (after a fem. ‫ ادبيات‬adabīyāt lliterature, belles-lettres
noun)
‫ ادبخانة‬adabḳāna pl. -āt toilet, water
‫ خوي‬ḳuwaiy little brother closet
‫ اخوي‬aḳawi brotherly, fraternal ‫ اديب‬adīb pl. ‫ ادباء‬udabā’ cultured,
‫ اخوية‬aḳawīya brotherhood (as a refined, educated; well.bred, well-
religious association) mannered, civil, urbane; a. man of culture
and refined tastes; man of letters, writer,
‫ اخاء‬iḳā’, ‫ اخوة‬uḳūwa brotherhood,
author
brotherliness, fraternity
‫ اديبة‬adība authoress, writer
‫ اخاوة‬iḳāwa fraternization, fraternity,
brotherliness ‫ مَأدبة‬ma’duba pl. ‫ مَآدب‬ma’ādib banquet,
formal dinner
‫ تآخ‬ta’āḳin fraternization
‫ تأديب‬ta’dīb education; discipline;
‫ اخور‬aḳūr barn, stable
punishment, chastisement; disciplinary
‫ اد‬adda u i to befall, afflict (‫ ه‬a.o.) punishment│‫ مَجلس التأديب‬majlis at-t.
‫ امَر اد‬amr idd a terrible, evil, horrible disciplinary board
thing ‫ تأديبي‬ta'dībī disciplinary; punitive,
‫ ادب‬aduba u (adab) to be well-bred, well- retaliatory│ ‫(قضية تأديبية‬qaḍīya)
mannered, cultured, urbane, have refined disciplinary action
tastes; ― adaba i (adb) to invite (to a ‫ تأدب‬ta’addub good breeding, good
party or banquet, ‫ ه‬s.o.), entertain (‫ ه‬s.o.)│ manners, civility, politeness,
‫( ادب مَأدبة‬ma'duba) to arrange a banquet, courteousness, tact
give a formal dinner II to refine, educate (‫ه‬
‫ آدب‬ādib host
s.o.); to discipline, punish, ehastise (‫ ه‬s.o.)
IV to invite as a guest (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to receive ‫ مَؤدب‬mu’addib pl. -ūn educator; teacher
a fine education; to be well-bred, well- in a Koranic school (Tun.); ― mu'addab
educated, cultured, have refined tastes; to well-bred, well-mannered, civil, urbane
show o.s. polite, courteous, civil, urbane; ‫ ادرة‬udra scrotal hernia
to educate o.s., refine one’s tastes (‫ ب‬by,
through); to let o.s. be guided (‫ ب‬by)│ ‫تأد‬ ‫ ادرنة‬adirna2 Edirne, Adrianople (city in NW
‫( ب بأدبه‬bi-adabihi) to follow s.o.’s moral Turkey)
example ‫( الَدياتيك‬Fr. adriatique) al-adriyātīk and ‫بحر‬
‫ ادب‬adab pl. ‫ آداب‬ādab culture, ‫ الَدياتيك‬baḥr al-a. the Adriatic Sea
refinement; good breeding, good manners, 1
‫ ادم‬adama i (adm) to take some additional
social graces, decorum, decency, food (‫ هـ‬with the bread), enrich (‫ هـ‬the
propriety, seemliness; humanity, bread) with some extra food or condiment
humaneness; the humanities; belles-
lettres│‫ بيت الدب‬toilet, water closet; ‫قليل‬ ‫ ادام‬idām anything eaten with bread;
‫ الدب‬and ‫ عديم الدب‬ill-mannered, ill-bred, shortening, fatty ingredient
2
‫ ادم‬adam, adama skin reading (e.g., of a musical composition);
fulfillment; payment│ ‫ حسن الداء‬ḥusn al-a.
‫ اديم‬adīm skin; surface; tanned skin,
good rendition (of a work of art, of a
leather│‫ اديم الرض‬a. al-arḍ the surface of
musical composition)
the earth
‫ تأدية‬ta’diya rendering (of a service);
‫ ادام‬addām tanner
pursuit, performance, execution, discharge
3
‫ آدم‬ādam2 Adam│‫ ابن آدم‬human being (of a duty), realization effectuation;
‫ آدمَي‬ādamī human; humane; poor, accomplishment (of a task); fulfillment;
inferior, meager; (pl. -ūn, (‫ اوادم‬awadim2) payment
human being ‫ مَؤدى‬mu’addan assignment, task,
‫ آدمَية‬ādamīya humaneness, humanity; function; sense, meaning, signification,
humanism import, underlying idea

‫ اداة‬adāh pl. ‫ ادوات‬adawāt tool; instrument; ‫ اذ‬id 1. (introducing a verbal clause) (and)
utensil, implement, device, appliance; then; ‫ إذ ذاك‬id dāka (also written ‫ )إذاك‬then,
apparatus; (gram.) particle│ ‫ اداة الحكم‬a. al- at that time, at the same time, in doing so;
ḥukm machinery of government; ‫اداة‬ 2. (conj.; temp. and caus.) as, when; since,
‫ التعريف‬definite article (gram.); ‫اداة التنفيذية‬ as, the more so as, because; ‫ اذ ان‬id anna
(tanfīdīya) executive agency; pl. materials, since, as, in view of the fact that; for,
equipment, gear, ‫( ادوات حربية‬ḥarbīya) war because
material; ‫( ادواوت احطياطية‬iḥtiyāṯīya) stand- 1
1 ‫اذا‬. (introducing a nominal clause the
by equipment (techn.); ‫ادوات مَنزلية‬ subject of which may he expressed by ‫ب‬
(manzilīya) household utensils, household with foll. genit.) and then, and all of a
effects sudden; (with noun in nominative case or
‫ الدون‬al-adōn (Hebr.) the Lord; Mr. ... (Isr.) with ‫ )ب‬there was … and all of a sudden
there was …; 2. (conj.) when; if,
‫ ادى‬II to convey, take, bring, lead, steer, whenever; whether, if (introducing
channel (‫ ه ب‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ الى‬to), see that indirect questions); ‫ اذا مَا‬when, whenever; ‫ا‬
s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ )ب‬gets to (‫ ;)الى‬to ‫( لَ اذا‬illā) unless if not; except when
bring about, cause, effect, produce (‫الى‬ 2
s.th.); to lead, contribute, be conducive ( (‫ اذا )اذن‬idan then, therefore, in that case,
‫ الى‬to a result); to amount, come hence, consequently
practically (‫ الى‬to); to tend (‫ الى‬to), aim (‫الى‬ ‫ آذار‬ādār2 March (month; Syr., Leb., Jord., Ir.)
at); to carry out, execute, discharge (‫هـ‬ 1
‫ اذن‬adina a to listen (‫ إلى‬to s.o..); to allow,
s.th.); to perform (‫ هـ‬a ritual, etc.); to do (
permit (‫ في ل‬s.o. s.th.); to hear, learn (‫ ب‬of
‫ واجبه‬wājibahū one’s duty); to fulfill (‫وظيفة‬
s.th.), be informed (‫ ب‬about) II to call (‫ب‬
a function, ‫ رسالة‬a mission); to accomplish
to), esp. to call to prayer (‫ ;)بالصلة‬to crow
(‫ مَأمَورية‬a task); to take (‫ يمينا‬an oath; ‫امَتحانا‬
(rooster) IV to announce, make known (‫ب‬
an examination); to render (‫ خدمَة‬ḳidmatan
s.th., ‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.), inform, notify (‫ه‬
a service, ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o.; ‫ هـ‬e.g., a
s.o.); to call to prayer; to call upon s.o. (‫)ه‬,
meaning, a musical composition, etc.)│‫ادى‬
urge, admonish, exhort (‫ ه‬s.o..) to do s.th. (
(salām) to greet, salute V to lead, be
‫ ;)ب‬to herald (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to foreshadow
conducive, contribute (‫ الى‬to results); to be
(‫ ب‬s.th.); to be on the verge (‫ ان‬of doing
carried out, be performed, be
s.th..)│ (‫( آذن بالسقوط )بالزوال‬zawāl) to show
accomplished; to 10 arrive (‫ إلى‬at), be lead
signs of the imminent downfall (end); ‫آذن‬
(‫ إلى‬to) X to demand, claim (‫ هـ ه‬from s.o.
‫( الليل بانتصاف‬lailu bi-ntiṣāf) it was close to
s.th.)
midnight V to herald, announce (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ اداء‬adā’ pl. -āt (as verbal noun of II) X to ask permission (‫ في‬to do s.th., rarely
rendering (of a service); pursuit, ‫ ;)ب‬to ask permission to enter (‫ على‬s.o.'s
performance, execution, discharge (of a house), have o.s. announced (‫ على‬to s.o.);
duty), realization, effectuation, to take leave (‫ مَن‬of s.o.), say good-by (‫مَن‬
accomplishment (of a task); rendition, to)
‫ اذن‬idn permission, authorization; ‫باذن ا‬ ‫ ارب‬ariba a (arab) to be skillful, proficient (‫ب‬
if God choose, God willing; (pl. ‫اذون‬ in s.th.); -- araba i to tighten (‫ هـ‬a knot) III
udūn, ‫ اذونات‬udūnāt) (postal) order│ ‫اذن‬ to try to outwit (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ البريد‬pl. ‫ اذونات البريد‬postal money order; ‫اذن‬ ‫ ارب‬arab pl. ‫ آراب‬ārāb wish (‫ في‬for),
‫ البوسته‬do. desire, need (‫ في‬of s.th.); purpose. aim,
‫ اذن‬udun, udn pl. ‫ آذان‬ādan ear; handle goal, end
(of a cup)│ ‫( التهاب الَذن الوسطى‬wusṯā) ‫ ارب‬irb pl. ‫ آراب‬ārāb limb│‫مَزقه اربا اربا‬
middle-ear infection, otitis media (med.) (mazzaqahū) to tear s.th. to pieces or to
‫ اذان‬adān call to prayer shreds
‫ اذنية‬udaina little ear; ear lobe ‫ اربة‬irba skill, resourcefulness,
cleverness, smartness
‫ مَأذنة‬ma’dana, ‫ مَئذنة‬midana pl. ‫مَآذن‬
ma’ādin2 minaret ‫ اربة‬urba pl. ‫ ارب‬urab knot, bow
‫ ايذان‬idān declaration, proclamation, ‫ اريب‬arīb skillful, resourceful, clever,
announcement (‫ ب‬of s.th..)│ ‫ايذنا بانتهاء‬ intelligent
‫ الحديث‬indicating that the conversation is ‫ مَأرب‬ma’rab pl. ‫ مَآرب‬ma’ārib2 wish,
(was) ended desire; object of desire, purpose, aim,
‫ مَأذون‬ma’dūun authorized; slave with goal, end
limited legal rights (Isl. Law); = ‫مَأذون‬ ‫ اربيل‬arbīl Erbil (the ancient Arbela, city in N
‫( شرعي‬šar‘ī) official authorized by the Iraq)
cadi to perform civil marriages (Isl. Law)
‫ ارتوازي‬artuwaāzī artesian (well)
‫ مَأذونية‬ma’dūnīya leave, furlough (mil.
1
Syr.); license, franchise (Syr.) ‫ ارث‬II to sow dissension (‫ بين‬between, among)
2
‫ مَؤذن‬mu’addin muezzin, announcer of ‫ ارث‬irt inheritance, heritage; estate (of
the hour of prayer inheritance)
‫ اذن‬idan see 2‫اذا‬ ‫ ارثوذكسي‬urtūduksī orthodox; ‫ الَرثوذكسية‬the
Orthodox Church
‫ اذى‬adiya a to suffer damage, be harmed IV to
hs.rm, hurt, wrong (‫ ه‬s.o.); to molest, ‫ الروم الَرثوذكسي‬ar=rūm al-urtūduksī the
annoy, irritate, trouble (‫ ه‬s.o.)│‫ لَ يؤذي‬lā Greek Orthodox Church
yu’dī innocuous, harmless, inoffensive V ‫ ارج‬arija a (araj, ‫ اريج‬arīj) to be fragrant V do.
to suffer damage, be wronged; to feel
offended, be hurt ‫ ارج‬araj fragrance, sweet smell
‫ اذى‬adan, ‫ اذاة‬adāh, ‫ اذية‬adīya damage, ‫ ارج‬arij fragrant, sweet-smelling
harm; injury; trouble, annoyance, ‫ اريج‬arīj fragrance, sweet smell
grievance, wrong, offense, insult
‫ ارجح‬II ta’arjaḥa to rock, swing
‫ اذاية‬idāya damage, harm, harmfulness,
noxiousness ‫ مَتأرجح‬muta'arjiḥ fluctuating

‫ ايذاء‬īdā’ harm, damage, prejudice; ‫ الَرجنتين‬al-arjantīn Argentina


offense,. hurt; grievance, nuisance ‫ ارجوان‬urjuwān purple
‫ مَؤذ‬mu’din hurtful, harmful, injurious, ‫ ارجوان‬urjuwānī purple(-colored)
detrimental, prejudicial; annoying,
‫ ارجوز‬popular spelling (eg.) of ‫’ قره جوز‬aragōz
irksome, troublesome; painful, hurting,
(q.v.); Punch (in a Punch and Judy show)
offensive, insulting
‫ ارخ‬II to date (‫ هـ‬a letter, and the like, ‫ ب‬with a
‫ اراتيقي‬arātīqī and ‫ اراتيكي‬pl. ‫ اراتقة‬arātiqa a
date); to write the history of s.th. (‫)هـ‬
heretic (Chr.)
‫ تاريخ‬ta'rīḳ dating (of a letter, etc.); ta'rīḳ
‫ آرامَى‬ārāmī Aramaean; Aramaic
pl. ‫ تواريخ‬tawārīḳ2 date; time; history;
chronicle, annals│ ‫ تاريخ الحياة‬t. al-ḥayāh
biography; curriculum vitae; ‫تاريخ عام‬ ‫ ارض‬araḍ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬termite;
(‘āmm) world history; ‫ علماء التاريخ‬the woodworm
historians ‫ ارضية‬arḍīya pl. -āt floor; ground (also, e.g., of
‫ تاريخي‬tārīḳī historic(al) a printed fabric, of a painting); ground
floor, first floor (tun.); storage, warehouse
‫ مَؤرخ‬mu'arriḳ pl. -ūn historiographer,
charges
historian, chronicler, annalist; -- mu’arraḳ
dated ‫ ارضروم‬arḍurum2 Erzurum (city in NE Turkey)
‫ ارخبيل‬arḳabīl archipelago ‫( ارطة‬also ‫ )اورطة‬urṯa pl. ‫ ارط‬uraṯ (‫)اورط‬
battalion (formerly, Eg.; mil.)
‫( ارخن‬άρχων) pl. ‫ اراخنة‬arāḳina archon, pl.
notables (Chr.-Copt.) ‫ ارطقة‬arṯaqa pl. -āt heresy (Chr.)
‫ اردب‬irdabb (now usually pronounced ‫ تاريع‬see ‫ريع‬
ardabb)pl. ‫ ارادب‬arādib2 ardeb, a dry ‫ ارغن‬urgun pl. ‫ اراغن‬aragin2 organ (mus. instr.)
measure (Eg.; = 1981)
‫ ارول‬urgūl, argūl a wind instrument (related to
‫ اردبة‬irdabba cesspool the clarinet, consisting of two pipes of
‫ الَردن‬al-urdunn Jordan (river and country) unequal length)
‫ اردني‬urdunni Jordanian│ ‫المملكة الَردنية‬ ‫ ارق‬ariqa a to find no sleep II to make
‫ الهاشمية‬al-mamlaka al-u. al-hāšimīya the sleepless (‫ ه‬s.o.), prevent s.o. (‫ )ه‬from
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (official sleeping
designation) ‫ ارق‬araq sleeplessness, insomnia
‫( اردواز‬Fr. ardoise) arduwāz slate ‫ اريكة‬arika pl. ‫ ارائك‬arā’ik2 couch, sofa; throne
1
‫ ارز‬arz (n. un. ‫ )ة‬cedar ‫ اركيلة‬argīla pl. ‫ اراكيل‬arāgīl2 (syr.) water pipe,
2
‫ ارز‬aruzz rice narghile
‫ ارس‬arasa i (ars) to till the land ‫ ارلندي‬irlandī Irish
1
‫ اريس‬irrīs and arīs peasant, farmer ‫ ارم‬arama i to bite
‫ ارستقراطي‬aristuqrāṯī aristocratic; ristocrat ‫ ارم‬urram molar teeth│ ‫حرق الَرم‬
(ḥarraqa) to gnash one's teeth (in anger)
‫ ارستقراطية‬aristuqrāṯīya aristocracy
‫ ارومَة‬arūma, urūma root, origin; stump
‫ ارسطو‬arisṯū Aristotle
of a tree
‫ ارش‬arš indemnity, amercement, fine, penalty;
‫ مَئرم‬mi'ram root (of a tooth)
blood money (for the shedding of blood;
2
Isl. Law) ‫آرام‬ārām (= ‫ )ارام‬pl. of ‫ رئم‬ri'm) white
antelopes
‫( ارشي ابسقوبس‬Gr. ὰρχιεπίσϰοπος) archbishop
‫ الَرمَن‬al-arman the Armenians
‫( ارشيدوق‬Fr. archiduc) archduke, ‫ارشيدوقة‬
archduchess ‫ ارمَني‬armanī Armenian (adj. and n.)
‫ ارض‬arḍ f., pl. ‫ اراض‬arāḍīn, ‫ اراضون‬arāḍūn ‫ ارمَينيا‬armēniyā Armenia
earth; land, country, region, area; terrain, ‫ الَرناوط‬al-arnāwuṯ the Albanians
ground, soil│ ‫( الَرض السفلى‬suflā) the
nether world; ‫( الَرض المقدسة‬muqaddasa) ‫ ارناوطي‬arnāwuṯī Albanian
the Holy Land, Palestine ‫ ارنب‬arnab f., pl. ‫ ارانب‬arānib2 hare; rabbit│‫ارن‬
‫ ارضي‬arḍī terrestrial, of the earth; soil-, ‫( ب هندي‬hindī) guinea pig
land- (in compounds); situated on or near ‫ ارنبة‬arnaba female hare, doe│ ‫ارنبة الَنف‬
the ground, ground (adj.); earthly; a. al-anf tip of the nose; nose, muzzle (of
underground, subterranean an animal)
‫ ارضي شوكي‬arḍī šaukī artichoke
‫( ارنيك‬Turk. örnek) urnīk pl. ‫ ارانيك‬arānīk2 neck; predicament, fix, dilemma, critical
pattern, model; form, blank situation, also ‫( مَأزق حرج‬ḥarij)
‫ اروبا‬urubbā Europe ‫ ازل‬azl pl. ‫ آزال‬āzāl eternity (without
beginning), sempiternity
‫ اروبي‬urubbī European (adj. and n.)
1 ‫ ازلي‬azali eternal, sempiternal
‫ ارى‬ary honey
2 ‫ ازلية‬azalīya sempiternity, eternity
‫ آرى‬ārī Aryan
‫ ازم‬V to be or become critical, come to a head
‫ آرية‬ārīya Aryanism
(situation, relations)
‫ اريحا‬arīḥā Jericho
‫ ازمَة‬azma pl. azamāt emergency; crisis│
‫ از‬azza u i (‫ ازيز‬aziz) to simmer; to hum, buzz; ‫( ازمَة وزارية‬wizāriya) cabinet crisis
to whiz, hiss; to fizzle; to wheeze
‫ تأزم‬ta'azzum: ‫ تأزم الحالة‬t. al-hāla critical
‫ ازيز‬azīz hum(ming), buzz(ing); development, aggravation of the situation
whizzing, whizz, whistle (e.g., of bullets)
‫ مَأزوم‬ma'zūm victim of a crisis
1
‫ ازب‬azaba i (azb) to flow, run (water)
‫ ازمَير‬izmīr2 Izmir (formerly Smyrna, sea-port
2
‫ مَئزاب‬mi'zāb pl. ‫ مَآزيب‬ma'āzīb and ‫مَيزاب‬ in W Turkey)
mīzāb pl. ‫ مَيازيب‬mayāzīb2 drain; gutter,
‫ ازمَيل‬izmīl pl. ‫ ازامَيل‬azāmīl 2 chisel
eaves trough
2 ‫( ازوت‬Engl.) azōt azote, nitrogen
‫ ازب‬izb dumpy, pudgy, stocky; small man
‫ ازوتي‬azōtī nitrogenous
‫ الَزبك‬al-uzbak the Uzbeks
‫ ازى‬III to be opposite s.th. (‫)ه‬, face (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫هـ‬
‫ ازر‬azara i (azr) to surround (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to
s.th.)
clothe (‫ ه‬s.o. with an ‫ ازار‬izār q.v.); to
cover, wrap up (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ ازاء‬izā’a (prep.) opposite, face to face
strengthen, brace (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to help with, facing; in front of; in the face of
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to support, back up, strengthen (‫ه‬ (e.g., of a situation); as compared with; ‫بازا‬
s.o.) V and VIII to put on an izār (see ‫ ء‬bi-izā’i opposite, face to face with,
below), wrap s.o. in an izār VI to help facing; in front of; ‫‘ على ازاء‬alā izā’i in the
each other; to rally, unite, join forces face of (e.g., of a situation)
1
‫ ازر‬azr strength│ ‫ شد ازره‬šadda azrahū or ‫شد مَن‬ ‫ آس‬ās myrtle
‫( ازره‬min azrihi) to help, support, 2
‫ آس‬pl. -āt ace (playing card)
encourage s.o., back s.o. up; šadda azruhū
3
to be energetic, vigorous, lusty, ‫ آس‬II to found, establish, set up (‫ هـ‬s.th.), lay
courageous the foundation (‫ هـ‬for) V to be founded, be
established, he set up
‫ ازار‬izār m. and f., pl. ‫ ازر‬uzur
loincloth; wrap, shawl; wrapper, covering, ‫ اس‬foundation, basis; exponent of a
cover power (math.)
‫ مَئزر‬mi’zar pl. ‫ مَآزر‬ma’āzīr2 apron; ‫ اس‬asās pl. ‫ اسس‬usus foundation (also,
wrapper, covering, cover of a building), fundament, groundwork,
ground, basis; keynote. Tonic (mus.)│ ‫على‬
‫ مَؤازرة‬mu’āzara support, aid, ‫( اساس‬with foll. genit.) on the basis of, on
assistance, backing the strength of, on account of, according
‫ تآزر‬ta’āzur mutual assistance to; ‫( لَ اساس له مَن الصحة‬asāsa, ṣiḥḥa)
completely unfounded (news, rumor)
‫ ازف‬azila a (awaf, ‫ ازوف‬uzūf) to come,
approach, draw near (a time) ‫ اساسي‬asāsī fundamental, basic;
elementary; essential; principal, chief,
‫ ازق‬azaqa i (azq) to be narrow V do.
main│‫( حجر اسود‬ḥajar) cornerstone,
‫ مَأزق‬ma'ziq pl. ‫ مَآزق‬ma’āziq2 narrow foundation stone
passageway, narrow pass, strait, bottle-
‫ اساسيات‬asāsīyāt fundamentals, ‫ الستانة‬al-āsitāna, ‫ الَستانة‬al-astāna, al-istāna
principles Constantinople, Istanbul
‫ تأسيس‬ta'sīs founding, foundation, ‫ استبرق‬istabraq brocade
establishment, setting up, institution; ‫ استراتيجي‬istrātījī strategic
grounding, laying of the substructure
(arch.); pl. -āt facilities, utilities; ‫ استرالي‬usturālī Australian
institutions ‫ استراليا‬usturālīyā Australia
‫ تأسيس‬ta'sīsī founding; foundational, ‫ استرليني‬istarlīnī sterling│ ‫ جنيه استرليني‬pound
fundamental│ ‫( مَجلس تأسيسي‬majlis) sterling; ‫ مَنطقة الَسترليني‬minṯaqat al-i.
constituent assembly sterling area
‫ مَؤسس‬mu'assis founder ‫ استمارة‬see ‫امَر‬
‫ مَؤسسة‬mu’assasa pl. -āt foundation, ‫( استوبة‬It. stoppa) tow, oakum; cotton waste
establishment; firm (com.); institution;
organization ‫( استوديو‬It.-Engl. studio) istūdiyō pl. ‫استوديوهات‬
istūdiyōhāt studio; atelier
‫ الَسبان‬al-asbān, al-isbān the Spaniards
‫ استوكهولم‬istokholm Stockholm
‫ اسباني‬isbānī Spanish; (pl. -ūn) Spaniard
‫( استونيا‬Engl.) istōniyā Estonia
‫ اسبانخ‬isbānaḳ spinach
‫ استياتيت‬I istiyātīt steatite, soapstone (min.)
‫ اسبانيا‬isbāniyā Spain
‫ اسوج‬look up alphabetically
‫ اسبداج‬isbidāj and ‫ اسبيداج‬isbīdāj white lead,
ceruse ‫ اسد‬X to display the courage of a lion (‫على‬
against)
‫( اسبرتو‬It. spirito) isbirto alcohol
‫ اسد‬asad pl. ‫ اسد‬usud, usd, ‫ اسود‬usūd, ‫ آساد‬āsād
‫ اسبليطة‬isbalīṯa epaulet lion; Leo (astron.)│ ‫ داء الَسد‬leontiasis
‫ است‬see 1‫ست‬ (med.)
1
‫ استاتيكي‬istātīkī static (el.) ‫ اسر‬asara i (asr) to bind, fetter, shackle,
chain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to capture, take prisoner (‫ه‬
‫( استاد‬Fr. stade) istād stadium s.o.); to captivate, fascinate, hold
‫ استاذ‬ustād pl. ‫ اساتذة‬asātida master; teacher; spellbound (‫ ه‬s.o.), absorb, arrest (‫ هـ‬the
professor (academic title); form of address attention) X to surrender, give s.o. up as
to intellectuals (lawyers, journalists, prisoner
officials, writers and poets); ledger ‫ اسر‬asr (leather) strap, thong; capture;
(com.)│ ‫( الَستاذ العظم‬a‘ẓam) Grand captivity│‫ شدة الَسر‬šiddat al-a. vigor,
Master (of a lodge); ‫ الَستاذ الكبر‬title of the energy
Rector of Al Azhar University; ‫استاذ كرسي‬
(kursī; Eg.) and ‫( استاذ بكرسي‬Syr.) full ‫ اسرة‬usra pl. ‫ اسر‬usar, -āt family;
professor; ‫( استاذ بل كرسي‬Syr.) associate dynasty; clan, kinsfolk, relatives; -- asirra
professor; ‫( استاذ مَتفرغ‬mutafarrig;Eg.) part- see ‫سرير‬
time professor (holding an office outside ‫ باسره‬bi-asrihī entirely, completely,
the university); ‫( استاذ مَساعد‬musā‘id) altogether, ‫ جاءوا باسرهم‬all of them came,
assistant professor (Eg.; Syr.); ‫استاذ زائر‬ they came one and all
(Eg.; Syr.) visiting professor; ‫اساتذة في الجدل‬
(jadal) they are masters of disputation ‫ اسار‬isār (leather) strap, thong; captivity;
captivation, enthrallment│ ‫ وقع في اساره‬to
‫ استاذية‬ustādīya mastership; be subjected to s.th., fall into the clutches
professorship, professorate of s.th.
‫ استانبول‬istanbūl2 Istanbul, Constantinople ‫ اسير‬asīr pl. ‫ اسراء‬usarā2, ‫ اسرى‬asrā, ‫اسار‬
‫ استانبولي‬istanbūlī of Istanbul ‫ ى‬asārā prisoner, captive, prisoner of war
‫ اسيرة‬asīra pl. -āt female prisoner, slave ‫ اسف‬asifa and ‫ اسيف‬asīf regretful, sorry,
girl sad, grieved, distressed
‫ آسر‬āsir winning, captivating, ‫ تأسف‬ta'assuf regret
fascinating; captor ‫ آسف‬āsif regretful, sorry, sad│ ‫تركته غير‬
‫ مَأسور‬ma’sūr captivated, fascinated, ‫( آسف‬gaira āsifin) I left him without regret,
enthralled (‫ ب‬by) I was only too glad to leave him
2
‫ اسرة‬asirra see ‫سرير‬ ‫ مَأسوف عليه‬ma’sūf ‘alaihi mourned (esp.
3 of a dead person, = the late lamented)
‫ مَأسورة‬look up alphabetically
‫ مَؤسف‬mu’sif distressing, sad, regrettable
‫ اسرائيل‬isrā’īl2 Israel│ ‫ بنو اسرائيل‬banū i. the
Israelites; ‫ دولة اسرائيلية‬daulat i. the State of ‫ مَتأسف‬muta’assif sad, sorry, regretful; ‫مَتأ‬
Israel ‫ !سف‬sorry!
‫ اسرائيلي‬isrā’īlī Israelitish; Israelite; ‫ اسفاناخ‬isfānāk and ‫ اسفانخ‬isfānaḳ spinach│
Israeli (adj, and n.); ‫ اسرائيليات‬Judaica ‫( اسفاناخ رومَي‬rūmī) garden orach (Atriplex
hortensis, bot.)
‫ اسرافيل‬isrāfīl 2 Israfil, the angel who will sound
the trumpet on the day of Resurrection ‫ اسفلت‬asfalt asphalt
‫ اسرب‬usrub lead (metal) ‫ اسفنج‬isfanj,isfunj sponge
‫ اسطانبول‬isṯanbūl2 Istanbul, Constantinople ‫ اسفنجي‬isfanjī spongy; porous
‫ اسطبل‬isṯabl pl. -āt stable, barn ‫ اسفندان‬isfindān maple (bot.)
‫( اسطبة‬It. stoppa) usṯubba tow, oakum ‫ اسفيداج‬isfīdāj; white lead, ceruse
‫ اسطرلَب‬asṯurlāb astrolabe ‫ اسفين‬isfīn pl. ‫ اسافين‬asāfīn2 wedge
‫ اسطقس‬isṯaqīs pl. -āt element ‫ اسقربوطي‬isqarbūṯī: ‫( مَرض اسقربوطي‬maraḍ)
scurvy (med.)
‫ اسطوانات‬usṯuwāna pl. -āt column (arch.);
cylinder (math.; of an engine); ‫ اسقف‬usquf pl. ‫ اساقفة‬asāqifa, ‫ اساقف‬asāqif2
phonograph record; -- pl. ‫ اساطين‬asāṯīn2 bishop│ ‫ رئيس الَساقفة‬archbishop
high-ranking, prominent personalities; ‫ اسقفي‬usqufī Episcopal
stars, celebrities, authorities, masters (e.g.,
of art: ‫ اساطين الفن‬a. al-fann) ‫ اسقفية‬usqufīya episcopate, bishopric
‫ اسطوانى‬usṯuwānī cylindric(al) ‫ اسقمري‬usqumrī, isqumrī mackerel (zool.)
‫ اسطورة‬usṯūra pl. ‫ اساطير‬asāṯīr legend, fable, ‫ اسقيل‬isqīl an Oriental variety of sea onion
tale, myth, saga (Scilla)
‫ اسطوري‬usṯūrī fabulous, mythical, legendary ‫( اسكتش‬Engl.) isketš sketch
‫ اسطول‬usṯūl pl. ‫ اساطيل‬asāṯīl2 fleet; squadron ‫ اسكتلندا‬iskotlandā Scotland
□ ‫ اسطى‬usṯā (colloq. for ‫ )استاذ‬pl. ‫اسطوات‬ ‫ اسكتلندي‬iskotlandī Scottish, Scotch
usṯawāt master; foreman, overseer; also ‫ اسكلة‬iskila pl. ‫ اساكل‬asākil2 seaport,
form of address to those in lower callings, commercial center (in the East)
e.g., to a cab driver, coachman, etc.
‫ اسكملة‬iskamla stool, footstool
‫ اسف‬asifa a (asaf) to regret (‫ على‬or ‫ ل‬s.th.), feel
sorry (‫ على‬for), be sad (‫ على‬about) V do ‫ اسكندرونة‬iskandarūna2 Iskenderon (formerly
Alexandretta, seaport in S Turkey)
‫ اسف‬asaf grief, sorrow, chagrin, regret│ ‫وا‬
‫ !اسفاه‬wā asafāh! Oh, what a pity! it's too ‫ الَسكندرية‬al-iskandarīya Alexandria (city in N
bad! ‫ ويا للاسف‬wa-yā lal-asafi (or only ‫للاس‬ Egypt)
‫ )ف‬unfortunately; ‫ مَع الَسف‬and ‫ بكل اسف‬bi- ‫ اسكندينافيا‬iskandināfīya Scandinavia
kulli asafin do.
‫ اسل‬II to sharpen, point, taper (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ اسل‬asal (coll.) rush (bot.) ‫ أسوار‬iswār, uswār pl. ‫ أساور‬asāwir2, ‫أساورة‬
asāwira bracelet, bangle
‫ اسلة‬asaIa pl. -āt thorn, spike, prong;
point (also, e.g., of a pen = nib); tip of the ‫ أسوان‬aswān Aswan (city in S Egypt)
tongue ‫ اسوج‬asūj Sweden
‫ الحروف الَسلية‬al-ḥurūf al-asalīya the ‫ اسوجي‬asūjī Swedish
letters ‫ س‬,‫ ز‬and ‫ص‬
‫ اسى‬see ‫اسو‬
‫ اسيل‬asīl smooth│ ‫( خد اسيل‬ḳadd) smooth
cheek ‫ آسيا‬āsiyā Asia│ ‫( آسيا الصغرى‬ṣugrā) Asia
Minor
‫ اسالة‬asāla eliptic, oval form
‫ آسيوي‬āsiyawī Asiatic, Asian (adj. and n.)
‫ مَؤسل‬mu’assal pointed, tapered
‫ اسيوط‬asyūt2 Asyūt (city in central Egypt)
‫( اسلمَبولي‬variant of ‫ )استانبولي‬islāmbūlī of
Istanbul ‫ اشب‬V to be mixed, heterogeneous, motley (a
crowd)
‫ اسلنده‬islandā Iceland
‫ اشابة‬ušāba pl. ‫ اشائب‬ašā’ib2 mixed,
‫ اسم‬see 1‫سم‬ motley crowd
‫ اسمانجوني‬asmanjūnī sky-blue, azure, cerulean ‫ اشببيلية‬išbīliya2 Seville (city in SW Spain)
‫ اسمره‬asmara Asmara (capital of Eritrea) ‫ اشبين‬išbīn pl. ‫ اشابين‬see ‫شبن‬
‫ اسمنت‬asmant, ismant cement ‫ اشر‬ašara u (ašr) to sow (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- i to file,
‫ اسمنتي‬asmantī cement (adj.) sharpen with a file (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to mark,
indicate, state, enter, record (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ اسن‬asana i u and asina a to become brackish
grant a visa; to provide with a visa (‫على‬
(water)
s.th.)
‫ آسن‬āsin brackish
‫ اشر‬ašar liveliness, high spirits,
(‫ اسو‬and ‫ اسا )اسى‬asā u (asw, ‫ اسا‬asan) to nurse, exuberance; wildness; insolence,
treat (‫ هـ‬a wound); to make peace (‫بين‬ impertinence
between, among); -- ‫ اسى‬asiya (‫ اسا‬,‫اسى‬
‫ اشر‬ašir lively, sprightly, in high spirits,
asan) to be sad, grieved, distressed II to
exuberant; wild; insolent, impertinent,
console, comfort (‫ ه‬s.o.); to nurse (‫ ه‬a
arrogant
patient) III to share (one’s worldly
possessions, ‫ ه‬with s.o.), be charitable (‫ ه‬to ‫ مَئشار‬minšār pl. ‫ مَواشير‬mawāšīr2 saw
s.o.); to assist, support (‫ ه‬s.o.); to console, ‫ تأشير‬ta’šīr issuance of an official
comfort (‫ ه‬s.o.); to treat, cure (‫ هـ‬s.th., endorsement; official endorsement; visa
medically) V to be consoled, find solace
VI to share the worldly possessions; to ‫ تأشيرة‬ta’šīra pl. -āt visa│ ‫ تأشيرة مَرور‬t.
assist one another, give mutual assistance murūr or ‫ تأشيرة اجتياز‬transit visa
‫ اسى‬asan grief, sorrow, distress ‫ مَؤشر‬mu’aššir indicator, needle (of a
measuring instrument)
‫ اسوة‬uswa, iswa example, model,
pattern│‫ اسوة ب‬uswatan bi following the ‫ مَؤشر‬mu’aššar jagged, serrated; marked,
model or pattern of; along the lines of; in designated (‫ ب‬by, with)
the same manner as, just as, like ‫ اشفى‬išfā pl. ‫ اشاف‬ašāfin awl, punch
‫ مَأساة‬ma’sāh pl. ‫ مَآس‬ma’āsin trogedy, ‫ اشنان‬ušnān potash; saltwort (Salsola kali; bot.)
drama
‫ اشنة‬ušna moss
‫ تأسية‬ta’siya consolation, comfort
‫ اشور‬ašūr Assyria
‫ مَواساة‬muwāsāh (for mu’āsāh)
consolation; charity; beneficence ‫ اشوري‬ašūrī Assyrian (adj. and n.)
‫ اصيص‬aṣīṣ pl. ‫ اصص‬uṣūṣ flowerpot
‫ اصد‬II to close, shut (a door, etc.) ‫ اصيل‬pl. ‫ اصلء‬uṣalā’2 of pure, noble
origin; original, authentic, genuine; pure;
‫ اصر‬iṣr pl. ‫ آصار‬āṣār covenant, compact,
proper, actual; firm, solid; sound,
contract; load, encumbrance, burden; sin;
reasonable, sensible; of strong,
pl. ‫ آصار‬bonds, ties
unswerving character; steadfast; deep-
‫ آصرة‬āṣira pl. ‫ اواصر‬awāṣir2 bond, tie (fig. e.g., rooted; native, indigenous│ ‫الصل الصيل‬
‫ اواصر الولَء‬a. al-walā’i bonds of the actual reason; ‫ اصيل الرأي‬of sound,
friendship); obligation, commitment unerring judgment
‫ اصطبل‬iṣṯabl pl. -āt stable, barn ‫ اصيل‬pl. ‫ آصال‬āṣāl, ‫ اصائل‬aṣā’il2 time before
‫ اصفهان‬iṣfahān2 Isfahan (city in W central Iran) sunset, late afternoon

‫ اصل‬aṣula u (‫ اصالة‬aṣala) to be or become ‫ اصالة‬aṣāla firmness, steadfastness,


firmly rooted; to be firmly established; to strength of character; nobility of descent,
be of noble origin II to found (‫ هـ‬s.th.), purity of origin; aṣālatan immediately,
give s.th. (‫ )هـ‬a firm foundation, establish directly, personally│ ‫ اصالة الرأي‬a. ar-ra’y
the foundation or origin of (‫ )هـ‬V to be or clarity and firmness of judgment;
become firmly rooted, deep-rooted, judiciousness; ‫بالَصالة عن نفسه‬
ingrained; to take root, be or become spontaneously, of one's own accord, in
firmly established; to derive one's origin ( one's own name, personally, privately (as
‫ مَن‬from) X to uproot, root out, extirpate, opposed to ‫اصال ونيابة ;)بالنيابة عن غيره‬
exterminate, annihilate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to aṣālatan wa-niyābatan directly and
remove (‫ هـ‬an organ by a surgical indirectly
operation)│ ‫(استأصل شأفته‬ša’fatahū) to ‫ تأصيلة‬ta’ṣīla pedigree, genealeogy
eradicate s.th., eliminate s.th. radically
‫ تأصل‬ta’aṣṣu1 deep-rootedness
‫ اصل‬pl. ‫ اصول‬root; trunk (of a tree); origin,
‫ استئصال‬isti’ṣāl extirpation,
source; cause, reason; descent, lineage,
extermination, (radical) elimination;
stock (esp., one of a noble character);
removal by surgery
foundation, fundament, basis; the origins!
(e.g., of s book); pl. ‫ اصول‬principles, ‫ مَتأصل‬muta’aṣṣil deep-rooted, deep-
fundamentals, rudiments, elements (e.g., seated; chronic (illness)
of a science); rules; basic rules, principles, ‫ اطيط‬aṯīṯ the mooning bray of a camel
axioms; real estate, landed property; assets
1
(fin.); -- ‫ اصل‬aṣlan originally, primarily; ‫ اطر‬aṯara i u (aṯr) and II to bend, curve (‫هـ‬
(with neg.) by no means, not at all, not in s.th.)
the least│‫ في الصل‬originally, at first; ‫اصول‬ ‫ اطار‬iṯār pl. -āt, ‫اطر‬uṯur frame (also, of
‫ الفقه‬u. al-fiqh the 4 foundations of Islamic eyeglasses); tire (of a wheel); hoop (of a
jurisprudence, i.e., Koran, Sunna, qiyās barrel, etc.)
(analogy) and ijmā‘ (consensus); ‫اصول‬
‫ وخصوم‬assets and liabilities; ‫اصول مَضاعفة‬ ‫ اطارة‬iṯāra rim, felly (of a wheel)
(muḍā‘afa) double-entry bookkeeping; ‫ اطاري‬iṯārī framelike, hoop-shaped
‫( حسب الصول‬ḥasaba) properly, in 2
conformity with regulations ‫ اطرية‬see ‫طرى‬

‫ اصلي‬original, primary, primal, initial; ‫ اطرغلة‬uṯrugulla a variety of pigeon


genuine, authentic, pure; basic, ‫ اطرون‬aṯrūn = ‫نطرون‬
fundamental, principel, chief, main│ ‫الثمن‬
‫ الَطلنطيك‬,‫ الَطلنتيك‬al-aṯlantīk, al-aṯlanṯīq the
‫( الصلي‬taman) cost price; ‫الجهات الصلية‬
Atlantic
(jihāt) the cardinal points (of the
compass); ‫‘( عدد اصلي‬adad) cardinal ‫ اطلنطيكي‬aṯlanṯīqī and ‫ اطلنطي‬aṯlanṯī Atlantic
number; ‫‘( عضو اصلي‬uḍw) regular member ‫ اطلس‬aṯlas2 satin; (pl. ‫ اطالس‬aṯālis2 atlas,
‫ اصولي‬uṣūlī in accordance with the volume of geographical maps
rules, conforming to prevailing principles; ‫ اطلسي‬aṯlasī Atlantic
traditional, usual; legist
‫ اطلنطي‬aṯlanṯī Atlantic│ ‫الحلف الَطلنطي‬the ‫ آفاق البلد‬a. al-bilād the outlying portions of
Atlantic Pact the country; ‫ شذاذ الآفاق‬šuddad al-a.
foreigners, travelers
‫ اطوم‬aṯūm sea turtle
‫ افقي‬ufqī horizontal
‫ اغا‬agā, ‫ آغا‬āgā pl. ‫ اغوات‬agawāt aga, lord,
master, sir; eunuch, harem chamberlain ‫ آفاقي‬āfāqī coming from a distant country
or region
‫ الَغريق‬al-igrīq, ‫ الَغارقة‬al-agāriqa the Greeks
‫ افاق‬affāq wandering, roving, roaming;
‫ اغريقي‬igrīqī Greek, Grecian (adj. and n.)
tramp, vagabond
‫ اغسطس‬agustus August (month)
‫ افك‬afaka i (afk) and afika a (ifk, afk, afak, ‫افوك‬
‫ ا ف‬V to grumble, mutter in complaint (‫مَن‬
‫ف‬ ufūk) to lie, tell a lie
about)
‫ افك‬ifk and ‫ افيكة‬afīka pl. ‫ افائك‬afā’ik2 lie,
‫ ا ف‬uff dirt (in the ears or under the
‫ف‬ untruth, falsehood
nails), earwax, cerumen
‫ افاك‬affak liar, lying
‫ف‬‫ ا ف‬uff interj. expressing anger or
‫ افل‬afala u i (‫ افول‬ufūl) to go down, set (stars)
displeasure
‫ افول‬ufūl setting (of stars)
‫ افف‬afaf displeasure; grumbling,
grumble ‫ آفل‬āfil transitory, passing
‫ الَفرنج‬al-ifranj the Franks, the Europeans│ ‫بلد‬ ‫ افلطون‬aflāṯūn2 Plato
‫ الَفرنج‬Europe ‫ افن‬afan stupidity
‫ افرنجي‬ifranjī European ‫ افين‬afīn and ‫ مَأفون‬ma’fūn stupid, foolish,
‫ افرنسي‬ifransī French; ‫ الَفرنسية‬the French fatuous; fool
language; ‫ الَفرنسيون‬the French ‫ افندي‬afandī pl. -īya gentleman (when referring
‫ افريز‬ifrīz pl. ‫ افاريز‬afārīz2 frieze; edge; curb; to non-Europeans wearing Western clothes
sidewalk│‫ افريز المحطة‬i. al-maḥaṯṯa and the tarboosh); (after the name) a title
platform (of a railroad station); ‫افريز الحائط‬ of respect (eg.); ‫ !افندم‬afandim! Sir! (eg.)
molding (arch.) afandim? (I beg your) pardon? What did
you say? 20
‫ افريقا‬afrīqā f. and ‫ افريقيا‬ifrīqiyā, now usually
pronounced afrīqiyā f. Africa│ ‫افريقيا‬ ‫( افوكاتو‬It. avvocato) avokātō advocate, lawyer,
‫( الشمالية‬šamālīya) North Africa attorney│‫ الافوكاتو العمومَي‬representative of
the attorney general (= Fr. avocat général)
‫ افريقي‬ifrīqī, now usually pronounced
afrīqī African; (pl. -ūn, ‫ افارقة‬afāriqa) an ‫ افيون‬afyūn opium│‫ روح الَفيون‬al-a. laudanum
African ‫ اقة‬uqqa pl. -āt oka, a weight, in Eg. = 1.24s
‫ آفرين‬āfirīn bravo! well done! kg, in Syr. = 1.2s2 kg
‫ افسنتين‬ifsantīn, ifsintīn wormwood, absinthe ‫ مَؤقت‬see ‫وقت‬
(Artemisia absinthium; bot.) ‫ اقحوان‬uqhūwān pl. ‫ اقاحى‬aqāḥī daisy
2
‫ افشين‬ifšīn pl. ‫ افاشين‬afāšīn litany (Chr.) ‫ اقرباذين‬aqrabādīn composite medicament│ ‫علم‬
‫ الَفغان‬al-afgān the Afghans; Afghanistan ‫‘ الَقرباذين‬ilm al-a. pharmaceutics,
pharmacology
‫ افغانستان‬afgānistān Afghanistan
‫ اقرباذيني‬aqrabādīnī pharmaceutic(al)
‫ افغاني‬afgānī Afghan (adj. and n.)
‫ اقيط‬aqīṯ cottage cheese
‫ افق‬ufq, ufuq pl. ‫ آفاق‬āfāq horizon; range of
vision, field of vision; pl. distant lands, ‫ اقليد‬iqlīd look up alphabetically
faraway countries, remote regions; ‫ اقلم‬aqlama to acclimate, acclimatize, adapt,
provinces, interior of the country (as adjust II ta'aqlama to acclimatize (o.s.)
distinguished from the capital)│ ‫آفاق الرض‬
a. al-arḍ the remotest parts of the earth;
‫ اقليم‬iqlīm pl. ‫ اقاليم‬aqiilim2 climate; area, ‫ اكل‬akala u (akl, ‫ مَأكل‬ma’kal) to eat (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
region; province, district; administrative eat up, consume, swallow, devour, destroy
district (Eg.; = ‫ الَقاليم ;)مَديرية‬country, (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to eat, gnaw (‫ هـ‬at), 21 eat away,
provinces (as distinguished from the city) corrode, erode (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to spend
unlawfully (‫ هـ‬s.th.). enrich o.s. feather
‫ اقليمي‬iqlīmī climatic; regional, local;
one's nest (‫ هـ‬with)│ ‫اكل عليه الدهر وشرب‬
territorial│‫( المياه الَقليمية‬miyāh) territorial
(dahru, šariba) to be old and worn out, be
waters
timeworn; ‫( اكل الربا‬ribā) to take usurious
‫ اقليد‬iqlīd pl. ‫ اقاليد‬aqālīd2 key interest; ‫ يعلم مَن اين تؤكل الكتف‬ya‘lamu min
‫ اقليدس‬iqlīdis Euclid aina tu’kalu l-katif he knows how to
tackle the matter properly; ‫( اكله جلده‬j
‫ اقنوم‬uqnūm pl. ‫ اقانيم‬aqānīm2 hypostasis, divine ‫ه‬lduhū) his skin itched; ‫اكل في الصحن‬
person within the Trinity (Chr.); (ṣaḥn) to eat off a plate; ‫( اكل حقه‬ḥaqqahū)
constitutive element to encroach upon s.o.’s right II and IV to
‫( اقونة‬Gr. είκών) iqūna icon (Chr.) give s.o. (‫ )ه‬s.th. (‫ )هـ‬to eat, feed (‫ هـ ه‬s.o.
s.th.) III to eat, dine (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to be
‫ اقيانوسية‬uqyanūsiya Oceania devoured, be consumed; to be eaten away,
‫ اكادى‬akkādī Akkadian corrode, undergo corrosion; to become
old, worn, timeworn, full of cracks; to be
‫ اكاديمية‬akādīmīya academy
destroyed by corrosion VI = V
‫ اكتوبر‬okctober October
‫ اكل‬akl food; meal, repast; fodder, feed│
‫ اكد‬II to assure (‫ هـ ل‬s.o. of, ‫ ان‬that); to give ‫غرفة الَكل‬gurfat al-a. dining room; (eg.) ‫اكل‬
assurance (‫ هـ ل‬s.o. of); to confirm (‫ هـ‬s.th. ‫ البحر‬a. al-baḥr land washed away by the
a view) V to be or become convinced, sea or the Nile (as opposed to ‫)طرح البحر‬
convince o.s. (‫ مَن‬s.th.); to reassure o.s.,
‫ اكل‬ukul, ukl food; fruit│ ‫ آتى اكله‬to bear
make sure (‫ مَن‬of s.th.); to be sure (‫ مَن‬of);
fruit
to be urgent, imperative, requisite
‫ اكلة‬akla pl. akalāt meal, repast; -- ukla
‫ تأكيد‬ta'kīd pl. -āt assurance;
bite, morsel
confirmation; emphasis; ‫ بالتأكيد‬most
certainly! of course! ○ ‫ اكال‬ukāl prurigo, itch eruption
‫ تأكد‬ta’akkud assurance, reassurance (med.)
‫ أكيد‬akīd certain, sure; firm (resolve); ‫ اكال‬akkāl, ‫ اكيل‬akīl, ‫ اكول‬akūl voracious,
definite (desire); urgent, imperative gluttonous; hearty eater, gourmand,
(need); ‫ أكيدا‬akīdan certainly! surely! glutton
‫ مَؤكد‬mu’akkad certain, definite, sure; ‫ مَأكل‬ma’kal pl. ‫ مَآكل‬ma’ākil2 food, eats
confirmed
‫ تأكل‬ta’akkul wear; corrosion; erosion
‫ مَتأكد‬muta'akkid convinced (‫ مَن‬of) (geol.)
1
‫ اكر‬akara i (akr) to plow, till, cultivate (‫ هـ‬the ‫ تآكل‬ta’ākul wear; corrosion; erosion
land) (geol.)
‫ اكار‬akkār pl. -ūn, ‫ اكرة‬akara plowman ‫ ائتكل‬i’tikāl erosion (geol.)
2
‫ اكرة‬ukra pl. ‫ اكر‬ukar ball (for playing) ‫ آكل‬ākil eater
‫ اكزيما‬ekzēmā eczema (med.) ‫ آكلة‬ākila gangrenous sore
‫ اشعة اكس‬aši‘‘at iks X-rays ‫ مَأكول‬ma’kūl eatable, edible; pl. ‫ مَأكولَت‬food,
‫ اكسترا‬extra foodstuffs, eatables, edibles

‫ اكسجين‬oksižēn oxygen ‫ مَؤاكل‬mu’ākil table companion

‫ اكسير‬iksīr elixir ‫ مَتأكل‬muta’akkil and ‫ مَتآكل‬muta’ākil


corroded; eroded; worn, timeworn; full of
‫ اكف‬akuff see ‫كف‬ cracks; rusty, rust-eaten
‫ اكليروس‬iklīrūs clergy (Chr.) ‫( الزاس‬Fr. Alsace) alzās2 Alsace (region of NE
France)
‫ اكليروسية‬iklīrūsīya clericalism
‫ الس‬II to belittle, disparage (‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ اكليركي‬iklīrikī cleric(al)
2
‫ الف‬alf pl. ‫ الوف‬ulūf, ‫ آلاف‬ālāf thousand;
‫ اكلينيكي‬iklīnīkī clinical
millennium│‫( الوف مَؤلف‬mu’allafa) or ‫آلَف‬
‫ اكمة‬akama pl. -āt, ‫ اكام‬ikām, ‫ اكم‬ukum, ‫آكام‬ ‫ مَؤلفة‬thousands and thousands; ‫عشرات‬
ākām (coll. ‫ اكم‬akam) hill; reef; heap, pile│ ‫ الالوف‬ašarāt al-u. tens of thousands; ‫مَآت‬
‫( وراء الَكمة مَا وراءها‬warā’a) something's ‫ الَلوف‬mi’āt al-u. hundreds of thousands
fishy! there is more to it than meets the
‫ الفى‬alfī: ‫‘( عيد الفى‬īd) millennial
eye
celebration, millenary
‫ ال‬ill pact, covenant; blood relationship, 2
‫ الف‬alif name of the letter│‫ مَن الفه الى يائه‬from
consanguinity
beginning to end, from A to Z; ‫يعرف الفه‬
1
‫ الا‬a-lā and ‫ امَا‬a-mā see│a ‫( وياءه‬wa-yā’ahū) he knows it from A to Z;
2
َ‫ال‬alā see 1‫الو‬ ‫ الف باء‬ABC
3
3
َ‫ ال‬allā (= َ‫ ان ل‬an lā) lest, that ... not, in order ‫ الف‬alifa a (alf) to be acquainted, familiar,
that ... not, so as not to conversant (‫ هـ‬with s.th.); to be on
4
intimate terms (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to be or get
َ‫ ال‬illā (=‫ ان ل‬in lā) unless if not; except, save; accustomed, used, habituated (‫ هـ‬to); to
(after negation:) only, but, not until│‫الَ ان‬ like (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be fond of (‫ ;)هـ‬to become
illā anna except that ..., yet, however, tame II to accustom, habituate (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. to
nevertheless (also introducing main s.th.); to tame, domesticate (‫ هـ‬an animal);
clauses); ‫ الَ اذا‬illā idā unless, if not; except to form (‫ هـ‬e,g., a committee, a
when; َ‫ وال‬wa-illā (and if not =) otherwise, government); to unite, join, combine, put
orelae; ‫ الَ وهو‬illā wa-huwa (with a together (‫ بين‬different things); to compile,
preceding negation) unless he ..., except compose, write (‫ هـ‬a book) V to be
that he ... ; ‫ ومَا هي الَ ان‬wa-mā hiya illā an composed, be made up, consist (‫ مَن‬of); to
(with following verb in perf.) it was not be united, be combined VI to be attuned to
long until ... ; presently, forthwith; ‫ومَا هي‬ each other, be in tune, be in harmony; to
‫ حتى‬... ‫ الَ ان‬wa-ma hiya illā an ... ḥattā no harmonize (‫ مَع‬with) VIII to be united, be
sooner had he ... than .... e.g..... ‫فما هي الَ أن‬ linked, be connected; to be on familiar,
‫( هم حتى فعل‬hamma) he had no sooner made intimate terms (‫ ب‬with); to form a.
his plan than he carried it out coalition (pol.); to fit, ‫س‬uit (‫ مَع‬s.th.), go
‫ الَسكا‬alaska Alaska well, agree, harmonize (‫ مَع‬with); to be
well-ordered, neat, tidy X to seek the
‫ الَى‬alay and ‫ آلَى‬ālay pl. -āt regiment 22 intimacy, court the friendship (‫ ه‬of s.o.)
1
‫ الب‬alaba u i (alb) to gather, join forces, rally ‫ الف‬ilf pl. ‫ الاف‬ullāf intimate; close
II to incite (‫ على ه‬s.o. against) V to rally, friend, intimate, confidant; lover
band together, plot, conspire (‫ على‬against)
2
‫ الف‬ulfa familiarity, intimacy;
‫ جبال الَلب‬jibal al-alb the Alps friendship, love, affection; union, concord,
‫ الالبان‬al-albān the Albanians harmony, congeniality
‫ البانيا‬albāniyā Albania ‫ اليف‬alīf familiar, intimate; tame,
domesticated (animal); friendly, amicable,
‫ الخ‬abbreviation of ‫ الى آخره‬ilā āḳirihī and so
genial; (pl. ‫ الائف‬alā’if2) intimate, close
on, etc.
friend, associate, companion
‫ الذى‬alladī f. ‫ التى‬allatī, pl. m. ‫ الذين‬alladīna f. ‫ال‬
‫ الوف‬alūf familiar, intimate; tame,
‫ لتى‬allātī, ‫ اللواتى‬allawātī, ‫ اللئى‬allā’ī
domesticated (animal); attached, devoted,
(relative pronoun) he who, that which;
faithful
who, which, that│‫ بعد اللتيا والتى‬ba‘da l-
lutayyā wa-llatī after lengthy discussions, ‫ مَألف‬ma'laf object of familiarity
after much ado
‫ تأليف‬ta’līf formation (e.g., of a ‫ مَتألم‬muta’allim aching, painful; in pain,
government); union, junction, suffering, deeply afflicted; tormented
combination (‫ بين‬of separate things); 2
‫ الام‬ilā-mā see ‫الى‬
literary work; composition, compilation,
writing (of a book, of an article); (pl. ‫تآليف‬ ‫ الماس‬almās (al sometimes interpreted as
ta’ālīf2, ‫ )تواليف‬work, book, publication definite article) diamond
‫ تآلف‬ta’āluf harmony; familiarity, ‫ الَلمان‬al-almān the Germans
intimacy, mutual affection; comradeship, ‫ الماني‬almānī German; (pl. -ūn, ‫المان‬
camaraderie almān) a German
‫ ائتلاف‬I’tilāf concord, harmony; ‫ المانيا‬almāniyā Germany
agreement (‫ مَع‬with); union; coalition,
entente (pol.) ‫ المانية‬almānīya German character or
characteristics, Germanity
‫ ائتلافي‬I’tilāfī coalition- (in compounds)│
‫ وزارة ائتلافية‬coalition cabinet ‫ اله‬II to deify (‫ ه‬s.o.), make a god of s.o. (‫ )ه‬V
to become a deity, a godhead; to deify o.s.
‫ الف‬ma’lūf familiar, accustomed; usual,
customary; custom, usage 23 ‫ الاه‬,‫ اله‬ilāh pl. ‫ آلهة‬āliha god, deity,
godhead
‫ مَؤلف‬mu’allif pl. -ūn author, writer; --
mu’allaf composed, consisting, made up ( ‫ الاهة‬ilaha pl. -āt goddess
‫ مَن‬of); written, compiled; (pl. -āt) book, ‫ الَهي‬,‫ الهي‬ilāhī divine, of God;
publication; see also 1‫ الف‬alf theological; ‫ الَلَهيات‬al-ilāhīyāt
‫ مَتآلف‬muta’ālif harmonious theological, spiritual concerns ‫علم الَلَهيات‬
‘i1m al-i. theology
‫ الق‬alaqa i, (alq) to shine, radiate, flash, glitter,
glisten V and VIII do. ‫ الله‬allāh Allah, God (as the One and Only)│ ‫ل‬
‫ درك‬li-llāh darruka exclamation of
‫ الق‬alaq brightness, brilliance admiration and praise, see ‫در‬
‫ الاق‬allāq bright, shining, brilliant, ‫ اللهم‬allāhumma O God!│ َ‫( اللهم ال‬illā)
radiant; glittering, flashing, sparkling unless, were it not that, except that, or at
‫ تألق‬ta’alluq glow, radiance, effulgence best (after a negative statement); ‫اللهم اذا‬
(idā) at least if or when; if only; ‫اللهم نعم‬
‫ مَتألق‬mula’alliq bright, shining, brilliant, (na‘am) by God, yes! Most certainly!
radiant
‫ الوهية‬ulūhīya divine power, divinity
‫ الكتروني‬elektrōnī electronic│‫‘( عقل الكتروني‬aql)
electronic computer ‫ تأليه‬ta’līh deification, apotheosis
2
‫ الم‬alima a (alam) to be in pain, feel pain; to ‫ آله‬ālih (pagan) god
suffer (y from s.th.) II and IV to cause ‫ آلهة‬āliha pl. -āt goddess
pain or suffering (‫ ه‬to s.o.), pain, ache,
hurt (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I; to complain ‫ آلهي‬ālihī divine
‫ الم‬alam pl. ‫ آلام‬ālām pain, ache, ‫ مَتأله‬muta’allih divine, heavenly
suffering, agony│‫( آلَم نفسانية‬nafsānīya) ‫ اللاهوت‬etc., see ‫لَهوت‬
mental agony; ‫ اسبوع الآلَم‬usbū‘ al-a. 1
Passion Week (Chr.) (‫ الا )آلو‬alā u to neglect or fail to do, not to do (
‫ في‬s.th.), desist, refrain (‫ في‬from s.th.)│ ‫لا‬
‫ اليم‬alīm aching, sore; sad, grievous, ‫(يألو جهدا في‬jahdan) he will go to any
painful, excruciating; hurting length, he spares no effort, goes out of his
‫ تألم‬ta’allum sensation of pain, pain, ache way for IV to swear│‫ آلى على نفسه ان‬he
promised himself that he ...
‫ مَؤلم‬mu’allim aching, painful; sad,
grievous, distressing ‫ ايلاء‬īlā’ oath
1
‫( آلو‬Fr. hallo) hello!
‫ الومَنيا‬alūminyā and ‫ الومَنيوم‬aluminyom meninges; ‫ ام اربع واربعين‬u. arba‘ wa-
aluminum 24 arba‘īn centipede; ‫ ام شملة‬u. šamla(ta) this
l world, the worldly pleasures; ‫ بام العين‬bi-u.
‫ الى‬ilā (prep.) to, toward; up to, as far as; till,
l-‘ain or ‫ بام عينه‬with one’s own eyes; ‫ام‬
until; ‫( الى ان‬conj.) until│‫( الى آخره‬āḳirihī)
‫ القرآن‬and ‫ ام القرآن‬the first sura of the
and so forth, et cetera; ‫ الى ذلك‬besides,
Koran; ‫ ام القرى‬u. al-qura Mecca; ‫ام الكتاب‬
moreover, furthermore, in addition to that;
also: the original text of the Book from
‫ الى غد‬till tomorrow! ‫( اللقاء الى‬liqā’) good-
which Koranic revelation derives; the
by! ‫ الَم‬ilāma (= ‫ )الى مَا‬up to where! how
uncontested portions of the Koran; ‫ام الوطن‬
far! ‫ الى مَتى‬till when! how long! ‫اليك عني‬
u. al-waṯan capital, metropolis; ‫امَهات‬
(‘annī) get away from me! away with you!
‫ الحوادث‬the most important events; ‫امَهات‬
‫( الى جانب ذلك‬jānibi d.) besides, moreover,
‫ الحروف‬matrix (typ.); ‫ امَهات المسائل‬the main
in addition to that; ‫ هذا الى ان‬moreover,
problems; ‫ امَهات المسائل‬the principal virtues
furthermore; ‫( الى غير ذلك‬gair d.) and the
like; ‫ ومَا اليه‬and the like, et cetera; ‫ومَن اليه‬ ‫ امَة‬umma pl. ‫ امَم‬umam nation, people;
(‫( )اليهم‬wa-man) and other people like that; generation│‫ امَة مَحمد‬Mohammed's
‫( اليك‬addressing the reader) now here you community, the Mohammedans; ‫الَمَم المتحدة‬
have ... ; here is (are) ... ; following is (muttaḥida) the United Nations
(are) ..., e.g., ‫ والى القارئ مَا‬in the following, ‫ امَي‬ummī maternal, motherly; illiterate
the reader will find what ... ; ‫اسلوب عبراني‬ uneducated; (pl. -ūn) an illiterate
‫( الى العربية‬uslūb ‘ibrānī) a style of Hebrew
approximating Arabic; ‫لَ الى هذا ولَ الى ذاك‬ ‫ امَية‬ummīya ignorance; illiteracy; see
neither this way nor that way, belonging to also under 2‫امَوى‬
neither group; ‫ الامَر اليك‬it’s up to you, the ‫ امَمي‬umamī international
decision is yours
2
‫ امَومَة‬umūma motherhood; motherliness,
‫( آلاء‬pl. of ‫ الى‬ilan) benefits, blessings maternity
3
‫ الية‬alya, ilya pl. alayāt fat tail (of a sheep); ‫ امَام‬amāma (prep.) in front of; in the
buttock presence of│‫( الى الَمَام‬amāmi) to the front,
‫ الياذة‬iliyāda Iliad forward, onward, ahead; ‫( لم يكن الا ان‬illā
1 an) he had no other alternative but to ... ;
‫ ام‬am or? (introducing the second member of ‫( وقف امَامَه‬waqafa) to oppose, resist, stop,
an alternative question) check s.th.
2
‫ امَة‬ama pl. ‫ امَاء‬imā’, ‫ امَوات‬amawāt bondmaid, ‫ امَامَى‬amāmī front, fore-, anterior,
slave girl forward, foremost│‫( نقطة امَامَية‬nuqṯa)
3
‫ ام‬amma u (amm) to go, betake o.s., repair (‫هـ‬ outpost 25
to a place), go to see (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- (‫امَامَة‬ ‫ امَام‬imām pl. ‫ ائمة‬a’imma imam, prayer
imāma) to lead the way, lead by one’s leader; leader; master; plumb line
example (‫ ه‬s.i.); to lead (‫ ه‬s.o.) in prayer; --
(‫ امَومَة‬umūma) to be or become a mother II ‫ امَامَة‬imāma imamah, function or office
to nationalize (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to go, betake o.s. of the prayer leader; imamate; leading
repair (‫ هـ‬to a place), go to see (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII position; precedence
to follow the example (‫ ب‬of s.o.) ‫ تأمَيم‬ta’mīm pl. -āt nationalization
‫ ام‬umm pl. ‫ امَهات‬ummahāt mother; source, 1
‫ امَا‬a-mā see│a
origin; basis, foundation; original, original 2
version (of a book); the gist, essence of ‫ امَا‬ammā (with foll . ‫ ف‬fa) as to, as for, as far
s.th.; pl. ‫ امَهات‬matrix (typ.)│ ‫ ام الحبر‬u. al- as... is concerned; but; yet, however, on
ḥibr cuttlefish squid; ‫ ام الحسن‬u. al-ḥasan the other hand│‫( امَا بعد‬ba‘du) (a formular
(magr.) nightingale; ‫ ام الخلول‬u. al-ḳulūl phrase linking introduction and actual
river mussel (zool.); ‫ ام درمَان‬u. durmān subject of a book or letter, approx.:) now
Omdurman (city in central Sudan, then …, now to our topic: ...
opposite Khartoum); ‫ ام الراس‬u. ar-ra's 3
‫ امَا‬immā if; ‫ وامَا‬-- ‫ امَا‬be it -- or, either – or
skull, brain; cerebral membrane, (also ‫ او‬-- ‫)امَا‬
‫ امَبراطور‬imbrāṯūr emperor however things may be; ‫ هو بين امَرين‬he has
two possibilities (or alternatives); ‫الامَر الذى‬
‫ امَبراطوري‬imbrāṯūrī imperialist(ic)
which (introducing a relative clause the
‫ امَبراطورية‬imbrātūrīya empire, antecedent of which is another clause);
imperium; imperialism ‫ قضى امَره‬qudiya amruhu it's all over with
‫ امَبير‬ambīr pl. ‫ امَابير‬amābīr2 ampere (el.) him; in the latter and similar phrases, ‫امَره‬
is a frequent paraphrase of "he"
‫ امَبيق‬imbiq = ‫انبيق‬
‫ امَر‬immar simple-minded, stupid
‫ امَت‬amt crookedness, curvedness, curvation,
curvature; weakness ‫ امَرة‬imra power, influence, authority,
command│‫ امَرته‬under his command
‫ امَد‬amad pl. ‫ آمَاد‬āmād end, terminus,
extremity; period, stretch or span of time, ‫ امَارة‬amāra pl. -āt, ‫ امَائر‬amā’ir2 sign,
time; distance│‫ مَنذ امَد بعيد‬for a long time token, indication, symptom, mark,
(past); ‫ قصير الَمَد‬short-dated; of short characteristic 26
duration, short-lived; short-term ‫ امَارة‬imāra position or rank of an emir;
‫ امَر‬amara u (amr) to order, command, bid, princely bearing or manners; principality,
instruct (‫ ه‬s.i. ‫ ب‬to do s.th.), commission, emirate; authority, power│‫ امَارة البحر‬i. al-
charge, entrust (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ ب‬with s.th. or to do baḥr office or jurisdiction of an admiral,
s.th.); -- amara, amura u (‫ امَارة‬imāra) to admiralty; ‫( امَارات ساحل عمان‬i. s. ‘ummān)
become an emir II to invest with authority, Trucial Oman
make an emir (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ على‬over) III to ask ‫ امَير‬amīr pl. ‫ امَراء‬umarā’ commander;
s.o. 's (‫ )ه‬advice, consult (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to come prince, emir; title of princes of a ruling
to power; to set o.s. up as lord and master; house; tribal chief│ ‫(امَير الَى‬alay)
to behave like an emir; to assume an commander of a regiment (formerly, Eg.;
imperious attitude; to be imperious, approx.: colonel; as a naval rank, approx.:
domineering VI to take counsel, deliberate captain); ‫ امَير الَمَراء‬approx.: major general
together, confer, consult with each other; (Tun.); ‫( امَير البحار‬Eg. 1939) approx.:
to plot, conspire (‫ على‬against) VIII to admiral, ‫( كبير امَراء البحار‬Eg. 1939)
deliberate, take counsel) (‫ ب‬about); to approx.: fleet admiral; ‫ امَير البحر‬a. al-baḥr
conspire, plot, hatch a plot (‫ ب‬against admiral (when referring to a non-Arab
s.o.)│ ‫ ائتمر بامَره‬to carry out s.o.’s orders officer of this rank; Eg. 1939 approx.:
‫ امَر‬amr 1. pl. ‫ اوامَر‬awāmir2 order, vice-admiral); ‫ امَير البحر الَكبر‬or ‫امَير البحار‬
command, instruction (‫ ب‬to do s.th.); ‫ الَعظم‬fleet admiral (when referring to a
ordinance, decree; power, authority; non-Arab officer of this rank); ‫ امَير اللواء‬a.
(gram.) imperative│ ‫‘( امَر عال‬ālin) royal al-liwā’ (Ir., since 1933) brigadier; ‫امَير لواء‬
decree (formerly, Eg.); ‫‘( امَر علي‬alīy) ‫ العسة‬a. l. al-‘assa commandant of the
decree, edict of the Bey (formerly, Tun.); Bey's palace guard (formerly, Tun.); ‫امَير‬
‫ امَر قانوني‬ordinance having the force of law ‫ المؤمَنين‬a. al-mu’minīn Commander of the
(Tun.); ‫( الَمَر والنهي‬wa-nnahy) pl. ‫الَوامَر‬ Faithful, Caliph
‫( والنواهي‬lit.: command and interdiction, ‫ امَيرة‬amīr pl. -āt princess
i.e.) sovereign power; full power(s),
‫ امَيري‬amīrī (and □ ‫ مَيري‬mīrī)
supreme authority; ‫( امَر توريد‬delivery)
goverment(a1), state-owned, state,
order (com.); ‫ تحت امَرك‬at your disposal, at
public│ ‫( ارض امَيري‬arḍ) government land
your service. -- 2. pl. ‫ امَور‬umūr matter,
(Syr.); ‫ المطبعة الَمَيرية‬government press
affair, concern, business│‫امَر واقع‬
(accomplished) fact; ‫ امَر مَعروف‬common ‫ امَار‬ammār constantly urging, always
knowledge; ‫ في اول الَمَر‬at first, in the demanding (‫ ب‬to do s.th.); inciting,
beginning; ‫( لامَر مَا‬amrin) for some reason instigating│ ‫( النفس الَمَارة بالسوء‬nafs, sū’)
or other; ‫ اليس الَمَر كذلك‬isn't it so? ‫امَا والَمَر‬ the baser self (of man) that incites to evil
‫( كذلك‬ammā wa-l-amru) things being as
they are, there will, no doubt, ...; ‫مَهما يكن‬
‫( مَن امَر‬min amrin) whatever may happen;
‫ تأمَور‬ta’mūr soul, mind, spirit; ‫ امَرلس‬amarillis amaryllis (bot.)
pericardium (anat.)│‫التهاب التأمَور‬ ‫ امَريكا‬amrīkā (formerly, also ‫ )امَريقا‬America│
pericarditis (med.) ‫( امَريكا الجنوبية‬janūbīya) South America 27
‫ مَؤامَرة‬mu’āmara pl. -āt deliberation, ‫ امَريكي‬amrīkī American; (pl. -ūn) an
counsel, conference; plot, conspiracy American
‫ تأمَر‬ta’ammur imperiousness, ‫ الَمَريكان‬al-amrīkān the Americans
domineeringness; imperious deportment,
overbearing manners ‫ امَريكاني‬amrīkānī American; (pl. -ūn) an
American
‫ تآمَر‬ta’āmur joint consultation, counsel,
deliberation, conference; plot, conspiracy ‫ امَس‬amsu (but acc. ‫ امَسا‬amsan) the day past,
yesterday; the immediate past, recent
‫ ائتمار‬i’timār deliberation, counsel, time; -- amsi (adv.) yesterday; recently,
conference; plot, conspiracy lately, not long ago│ ‫ بالَمَس‬bi-l-amsi
‫ استئمارة‬isti’māra (frequently written ‫استما‬ yesterday; not long ago; ‫ امَس الَول‬a. l-
‫ )رة‬form, blank awwal two days ago, the day before
yesterday
‫ آمَر‬āmir commander; lord, master;
orderer, purchaser, customer, client│ ‫المَر‬ ‫ امَسية‬umsīya pl. -āt, ‫ امَاسى‬amāsīy
‫ الناهى‬absolute master, vested with evening
unlimited authority ‫ امَستردام‬amstirdām Amsterdam
‫ مَأمَور‬ma’mūr commissioned, charged; ‫ امَشير‬amšīr the sixth month of the Coptic
commissioner; civil officer, official, esp., calendar
one in executive capacity; the head of a
markaz and qism (Eg.)│ ‫مَأمَور البوليس‬ ‫ امَع‬imma‘ and ‫ امَعة‬imma‘a characterless
commissioner of police; ‫مَأمَور التفلسة‬ person; opportunist, timeserver
(taflīsa) receiver (in bankruptcy; jur.); ‫ امَل‬amala u (amal) to hope (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬for),
‫ مَأمَور‬m. al-ḥaraka traffic manager entertain hopes (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬of) II to hope; to
(railroad); ‫ مَأمَور التصفية‬m. al-taṣfīya expect (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. of s.o.); to raise hope. (‫ه‬
receiver (in equity, in bankruptcy; jur.) in s.o.), hold out hope. (‫ ه‬for s.o.), give (‫ه‬
‫ مَأمَورية‬ma’mūrīya pl. -āt order, s.o.) reason to hope or expect│ ‫امَله خيرا‬
instruction; errand; task, assignment, (ḳairan) to let s.o. hope for the best V to
mission; commission; commissioner's look attentively (‫ في‬,‫ هـ‬at), regard,
office, administrative branch of a contemplate (‫ في‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.); to meditate; to
government agency, e.g., ‫مَأمَورية قضائية‬ consider, think over, ponder (‫ في‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.),
(qaḍā’īya) judicial commission charged reflect (‫ في‬,‫ هـ‬on)
with jurisdiction in outlying communities ‫ امَل‬amal pl. ‫ آمَال‬āmāl hope, expectation
(Eg.) (‫ في‬of s.th., also ‫ امَل كاذب │)ب‬fallacious
‫ مَتآمَرون‬muta’āmirūn, conspirators, hope
plotters ‫ مَأمَل‬ma’mal pl. ‫ مَآمَل‬ma’amil2 hope
‫ مَؤتمون‬mu’tamirūn conspirators, plotters; ‫ تأمَل‬ta’ammul pl. -āt consideration;
members of a congress, convention, or contemplation; pl. ‫ تأمَلات‬meditations
conference, conferees
‫ آمَل‬āmil hopeful
‫ مَؤتمر‬mu’tamar pl. -āt conference;
convention, congress│‫ مَؤتمر الصلح‬m. aṣ- ‫ مَؤمَل‬mu’ammil hopeful
ṣulḥ peace conference ‫ مَأمَول‬ma’mūl hoped for, expected
‫ امَرك‬II ta’amraka to become Americanized, ‫ مَتأمَل‬muta’ammil contemplative,
adopt the American way of life, imitate meditative, reflective; pensive, wistful,
the Americans musing
‫ تأمَرك‬ta’amruk Americanization
‫ امَن‬amuna u (‫ امَانة‬amāna) to be faithful, (‘āmma) secretariat general; ‫مَحزن الَمَانات‬
reliable, trustworthy; -- amina a (amn, ‫امَان‬ maḳzan al-a. baggage checkroom
amān) to be safe, feel safe (‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬from) ‫ مَأمَن‬ma’man place of safety, safe place
II to reassure (‫ ه‬s.o.), set s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind at
rest; to assure, ensure, safeguard, ‫ تأمَين‬ta’mīn securing, protection;
guarantee, warrant, bear out, confirm, assurance; safeguarding; reassurance;
corroborate (‫ هـ‬,‫ على‬s.th.); to insure ( ‫ضد‬ ensuring; guaranty, warranty; security,
‫ الحريق‬against fire); to entrust (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫على‬ surety; insurance│ ‫( تأمَين اجتماعي‬ijtimā’ī)
s.th.); to say "amen" (‫ على‬to s.th.) IV to social security; ‫( تأمَين ضد الحريق‬ḍidda) fire
believe (‫ ب‬in) VIII to trust (‫ ه‬s.o.), have insurance; ‫( تأمَين على الحياة‬ḥayāh) life
confidence, have faith (‫ ه‬in); to entrust ( insurance
‫ على ه‬s.o. with, to s.o s.th.) X = VIII; to ask ‫ ايمان‬iman faith, belief (‫ ب‬in)
for protection, for a promise of security,
for indemnity (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ ائتمان‬I’timān trust, confidence; credit
‫ امَن‬amn safety; peace, security, ‫ استئمان‬isti’mān trust, confidence
protection│‫‘( الَمَن العام‬āmm) public safety; ‫ آمَن‬āmin peaceful
‫ رجال الَمَن‬the police
‫ مَأمَون‬ma’mūn reliable, trustworthy
‫ امَان‬amān security, safety; peace;
shelter, protection; clemency, quarter ‫ مَؤمَن عليه‬mu’amman ‘alaihi insured
(mil.); safeguarding, assurance of ‫ مَؤمَن‬mu’min believing, faithful; believer
protection; indemnity, immunity from
‫ مَؤتمن‬mu’taman entrusted (‫ على‬with);
punishment│‫( في امَان ا‬a valedictory
confidant; sequestrator (jur.)
phrase) in God's protection!
‫ امَنيبوس‬omnibus omnibus, bus
‫ امَين‬amīn pl. ‫ امَناء‬umanā’2 reliable,
1
trustworthy, loyal, faithful, upright, ‫ امَوى‬amawī of or like a bondmaid or
honest; safe, secure; authorized handmaid
representative or agent; trustee; guarantor 2
‫ امَوي‬umawī Ommiad (adj.)
(‫ على‬of); chief, head; superintendent,
curator, custodian, guardian, keeper; ‫ بنو امَية‬banū umayya the Ommiads
chamberlain; master of a guild (Tun.); ‫ امَيبا‬amībā amoebae
(mil.) approx.: quartermaster-sergeant
(Eg. 1939)│ ‫( الَمَين الَول‬awwal) Lord ‫ امَيرال‬amīrāl admiral
Chamberlain (formerly, at the Eg. Court); ‫ امَيركه‬,‫ امَيركا‬amērikā, amērika America
‫ كبير الَمَناء‬approx.: Chief Master of
‫ امَيرالية‬amīrālīya admiralty
Ceremonies (ibid.); ‫ امَين المخزن‬a. al-
1
maḳzan warehouse superintendent; stock ‫ ان‬an (conj.) that; -- in 1. (conj.) if; ‫ وان‬wa-in
clerk; ‫ امَين سر الدولة‬a. sirr ad-daula and although, even though, even if; ‫ وان – ان‬be
‫ امَين السر‬a. as-sirr permanent secretary of it -- or (be it); َ‫ ال‬illā (= َ‫ )ان ل‬look up
state (Sy,.); ‫ امَين الصندوق‬a. aṣ-ṣundūq and alphabetically 2. (particle) not, esp. in the
‫ امَين المال‬treasurer; cashier; ‫امَين العاصمة‬ phrase َ‫ ان هو ال‬in huwa illā (f. َ‫ )ان هي ال‬it
mayor (esp. Ir.); ‫‘( امَين عام‬āmm) secretary is nothing but, it is no more than
general; ‫ امَين المكتب‬a. al-maktab (formerly) 2
‫ ان‬anna (conj.) that; ‫ بما انه‬bi-mā annahū since
a subaltern rank in the Eg. navy (1939) 28 he (it), because he (it); ‫‘ على انه‬alā annahū
‫ آمَين‬āmīn amen! while he (it), whereas he (it); introducing
a main clause: however, yet; ‫ وذلك انه‬that is
‫ امَانة‬amāna reliability, trustworthiness;
to say, namely, to wit; -- innā (intensifying
loyalty, faithfulness, fidelity, fealty;
particle introducing a nominal clause)
integrity, honesty; confidence, trust, good
verily, truly (in most cases not translated
faith; deposition in trust; trusteeship; (pl.
in English)
-āt) s.th. deposited in trust, a deposit, trust,
charge; secretariat│‫ امَانة الصندوق‬a. aṣ- ‫ انما‬innamā but, but then; yet, however; rather,
ṣundūq treasury department; ‫امَانة عامَة‬ on the contrary
3
‫ ان‬anna i (‫ انين‬anīn, ‫ تأنان‬ta’nān) to groan, ‫ انثوى‬untawī womanly, female, women's
moan (‫ مَن‬at) (in compounds); effeminate, womanish
‫ انة‬anna pl. -āt moan, groan│ ‫انات وآهات‬ ‫ انوثة‬unūta femininity, womanliness
wails and laments ‫ تأنيث‬ta’nīt the feminine, feminine form
‫ انين‬anīn plaintive sound, wail; groan, (gram.)
moan(ing) ‫ مَؤنث‬mu’annat (gram.) feminine (adj.)
‫ انا‬ana I ‫ انثروبولوجيا‬antrōbōlōjiyā anthropology
‫ اناني‬anānī egotistic; egoistic(al), selfish ‫ انجاص‬injās (syr.) pear
‫ انانية‬anānīya egoism, selfishness ‫( انجلترا‬It. Inghilterra) ingilterā England
‫ الَناضل‬al-anāḍul Anatolia ‫ الَنجليز‬al-ingəlīz the English
‫ اناناس‬anānas pineapple ‫ انجليزى‬ingəlīzī English; Englishman
‫ انب‬II to blame, censure, reprehend, upbraid (‫ه‬ ‫ انجيل‬injil pl. ‫ اناجيل‬anajīl2 gospel
s.o.)
‫ انجيلى‬injīlī evangelical; evangelist
‫ تأنيب‬ta’nīb blame, censure, rebuke
‫ انجيلية‬injīlīya evangelical creed
‫( انبا‬pronounced ambā) Abba, a high
ecclesiastic title of the Coptic Church, ‫ الَندلس‬al-andalus Spain
preceding the names of metropolitans, ‫ اندونيسيا‬indūnīsiyā Indonesia
bishops, patriarchs, and saints (< Άββα)
‫ انس‬anisa a and anusa u (uns) to be
‫ انبار‬anbār pl. ‫ انابر‬anābir2, ‫ انابير‬anābīr2 companionable, sociable, nice, friendly,
warehouse, storehouse, storeroom 29 genial; ‫ انس به‬to like s.o.’s company, like to
‫( انباشي‬Turk. onbaşı) onbašī a mil. rank: be together with s.o.; to be or get on
corporal (formerly, Eg.); ‫وكيل انباشي‬ intimate terms (‫ ب‬or ‫ الى‬with s.o.); to be
approx.: private first class (Eg.) used, accustomed, habituated (‫ الى‬to); to
perceive, notice, find (‫ هـ‬a quality, ‫ مَن‬,‫في‬
‫ انبوبة‬,‫ انبوب‬see ‫نب‬ in s.o.); to sense, feel, make out, recognize
‫ انبيق‬inbīq alembic (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ في‬in, at)│ ‫(انس لحديثه‬li-ḥadītihī) to
like to listen to s.o. II to put at ease; to
‫ انت‬an-ta, f. anti thou, you (2nd pers. sing.); pl.
tame III to be friendly, nice (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
m. ‫ انتم‬antum, f. ‫ انتن‬antunna you (2nd
entertain, amuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to keep s.o. (‫)ه‬
pers. pl. and polite form of address); dual
company; to entertain, delight, amuse (‫ه‬
‫ انتما‬antumā both of you
s.o.); to perceive, discern, make out (with
‫ انتذا‬anta-dā it’s you! the eyes; ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to sense (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ انتيكخانة‬antīkḳāna museum find, see, notice, observe, e.g., ‫آنس فيه الكفاية‬
he saw that be was duly qualified, that he
‫ انتيكة‬antīka pl. -āt (eg.) old, old-fashioned, was a capable man V to become incarnate
outmoded (Son of God) X to be sociable,
‫ انتمون‬antimūn antimony companionable; to get on familiar terms,
become intimate; to become tame; to be
‫ انث‬anuta u (‫ انوثة‬unūta) to be or become friendly, nice, kind (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
feminine, womanly, womanish, effeminate accommodate o.s., accustom o.s., settle
II to make feminine; to effeminate, make down; to be familiar, familiarize o.s.,
effeminate; to put into the feminine form acquaint o.s. (‫ ب‬or ‫ الى‬with); to inform
(gram.) V to become feminine (also o.s., gather information (‫ ب‬ahout); to take
gram.) into consideration, take into account,
‫ انثى‬untā pl. ‫ اناث‬ināt, ‫ اناثى‬anātā bring into play (‫ ب‬s.th.), draw upon s.th. (
feminine; female; a female (of animals); ‫ا‬ ‫ ;)ب‬to listen (‫ ل‬to s.th.), heed (‫ ب‬an
‫ لَنثيان‬al-untayān the testicles opinion)
‫ انس‬uns sociability; intimacy, familiarity, ‫ انف‬anf pl. ‫ آناف‬ānāf, ‫ انوف‬unūf nose; spur (of a
friendly atmosphere mountain); pride│ ‫ رغم انفه‬ragma anfihi in
defiance of him, to spite him; ‫كسر انفه‬
‫ انسى‬unsī: ‫( كعب انسى‬ka‘b) talus, inner
(anfahū) to humiliate s.o., to put s.o.'s
anklebone (anat.)
nose out of joint; ‫ شامَح الَنف‬stuck-up,
‫ انس‬ins (coll.) man, mankind, human haughty, proud
race
‫ انفى‬anfī nasal
‫ انسي‬insī human; human being
‫ انفة‬anafa pride; rejection; disdain (‫ مَن‬of
‫ ناس‬nās (coll.) and ‫ اناس‬unās people s.th.)
‫ ناسوت‬nāsūt mankind, humanity 30 ‫ انوف‬anūf proud, haughty, stuck-up,
‫ اناسى‬anāsīy (pl.) people, human beings, supercilious, disdainful
humans ‫ استئناف‬isti’nāf fresh start,
‫ انيس‬anīs close, intimate; close friend; recommencement, renewal, resumption,
friendly, kind, affable, civil, polite, reopening (also, of a legal case); appeal
courteous (jur.)│ ‫( قدم استئنافا‬qaddama) to appeal,
make an appeal (jur.)
‫ انسان‬insan man, human being│ ‫انسان‬
‫ العين‬i. al-‘ain pupil (of the eye) ‫ استئنافى‬isti’nāfī of appeal, appellate;
‫ استئنافيا‬isti’nāfīyan by appeal
‫ انسانة‬insāna woman
‫ آنف‬ānif preceding, above│ ‫آنف الذكر‬
‫ انسانى‬insānī human; humane; (dikr) preceding, above, above-mentioned;
humanitarian, philanthropist ‫ آنفا‬ānifan previously, above, in the
‫ انسانية‬insānīya humanity, humaneness; foregoing
politeness, civility; mankind, the human ‫ مَؤتنف‬mu’tanaf primordial, virginal state;
race beginning
‫ مَؤانسة‬mu’ānasa intimacy, familiarity, ‫( انفرس‬Fr. Anvers) anvers Antwerp (city in N
friendliness, geniality, cordiality; Belgium)
sociability; conviviality
‫ انفلونزا‬influwanzā influenza, grippe
‫ ايناس‬īnās exhilaration; friendliness,
geniality; familiarity, intimacy, cordiality; ‫ انق‬aniqa a to be neat, trim, smart, spruce,
sociability comely, pretty; to be happy (‫ ب‬about), be
delighted (‫ ب‬by) IV to please (‫ ه‬s.o.)│ ‫يؤنقه‬
‫ تأنس‬ta’annus incarnation (Chr.) ‫( الشيء‬šai’u) he likes the thing V to apply
‫ ائتناس‬I’tinās social life, sociability o.s. eagerly and meticulously (‫ فى‬to); to be
meticulous, fastidious, finical; to be chic,
‫ آنسة‬ānisa pl. -āt, ‫ اوانس‬awānis2 young elegant
lady, miss
‫ اناقة‬anāqa elegance
‫ مَأنوس‬ma’nūs familiar, accustomed
‫ انيق‬anīq neat, trim, spruce, comely,
‫ مَستأنس‬musta’nis tame pretty; elegant, chic
‫( انش‬Engl.) inš inch ‫ انوق‬anūq Egyptian vulture (Neophron
‫( انشوجة‬It. acciuga) anšūga (eg.) anchovy perenopterus)│ ‫ اعز مَن بيض الَنوق‬a‘azz2
min baiḍi l-a. (lit.: rarer than the eggs of a
‫ انطاكية‬anṯākiya2 Antioch (ancient city in Syria;
vulture, i.e.) approx.: scarcer than hens’
now Antakya, in S Turkey)
teeth (proverbially for s.th. rare)
‫ انطولوجى‬onṯōlōjī ontologic(al) (philos.)
‫ تأنق‬ta’annuq elegance 31
‫ انف‬anifa a (anaf) to disdain, scorn (‫ مَن‬s.th., ‫ان‬
‫ مَؤنق‬mu’anniq, ‫ مَونق‬mūniq pretty,
to do s.th.); to reject haughtily (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X
comely, winsome, nice, pleasing
to resume, renew, recommence (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
(jur.) to appeal (‫ هـ‬a sentence) ‫ مَتأنق‬muta’anniq chic, elegant
‫ انقره‬anqara Ankara ‫ انيميا‬anīmiyā anemia│○ ‫ انيميا خبيثة‬pernicious
‫ انقليس‬anqalīs eel anemia (med.)
‫ آنك‬ānuk lead (metal) ‫ آه‬āhi! ‫ آها‬āhan! (interj.) oh!
‫ انكشارى‬inkišārī pl. -īya Janizary ‫ اهب‬II to prepare, make ready, equip (‫ ه‬,‫ل هـ‬
‫ انكلترة‬,‫( انكلترا‬It. Inghilterra) ingilterā, ingiltera s.o., s.th. for) V to be ready, be prepared;
England to prepare o.s., get ready; to equip s.o., be
equipped (‫ ل‬for)
‫ انكلوسكسون‬al-anglosaksūn the Anglo-Saxons
‫ اهبة‬uhba pl. ‫ اهب‬uhab preparation,
‫ انكلوسكسونية‬al-anglosaksūnīya Anglo- preparedness, readiness, alertness;
Saxondom equipment, outfit, gear│ ‫ اهبة الحرب‬u. al-
‫ الَنكليز‬al-inglīz the Engliah ḥarb military equipment; ‫على اهبة الرحيل‬
ready to set out; ‫ على اهبة الَستعداد‬fully
‫ انكليزى‬inglīzī English; Englishman prepared; on the alert (mil.); ‫ أخذ اهبته‬to
‫ انكليس‬ankalīs eel make one's preparations, get ready
‫ الَنام‬al-anām and ‫( النام‬coll.) mankind, the ‫ اهاب‬ihāb skin, hide
human race ‫ تأهب‬ta’ahhub preparedness, readiness;
‫ انموذج‬unmūdaj model, pattern; type, example; (pl. -āt) preparation
sample, specimen ‫ مَتأهب‬muta’ahhib ready, prepared
‫ انمون‬anamūn anemone (bot.) ‫ اهل‬ahala u (‫ اهول‬uhūl) to take a wife, get
1
‫ انى‬anā i to mature, become ripe; to draw married; -- ahila a to be on familiar terms
near, approach, come (esp. time)│ ‫انى له ان‬ (‫ ب‬with); -- pas. uhila to be inhabited, be
it is (high) time that he; esp. in negative populated (region, place) II to make fit or
statements: ‫ الم يأن‬a-lam ya'ni? isn't it suited, to fit, qualify (‫ ه‬,‫ ل هـ‬s.o., s.th. for);
about time ...? V to act slowly, proceed to make possible (‫ هـ ل‬for s.o. s.th.),
unhurriedly, bide one's time, be patient X enable (‫ هـ ل‬s.o. to do s.th.), make
to take one's time, hesitate (‫ فى‬in, with); to accessible (‫ هـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to welcome (
wait ‫ ب‬s.o.) V to be or become fit, suited,
qualified (‫ ل‬for s.th.); to 32 take a wife; to
‫ انى‬anan pl. ‫ آناء‬ānā’ (span of) time,
marry, get married X to deserve merit (‫هـ‬
period│ ‫(فى آناء الليل‬laili) all night long; ‫آناء‬
s.th.), be worthy (‫ هـ‬of)
‫ الليل واطراف النهار‬ānā’a l-laili wa-aṯrāfa n-
nahār by day and by night ‫ اهل‬ahl pl. –ūn, ‫ اهال‬ahālin relatives,
folks, family; kin, kinfolk; wife; (with
‫ اناة‬anāh deliberateness; perseverance,
foll. genit.) people, members, followers,
patience│ ‫ طول الَناة‬ṯūl al-a. long-
adherents, possessors, etc.; inhabitants;
suffering, great patience; ‫ طويل الَناة‬long-
deserving, worthy (‫ ل‬of s.th.); fit, suited,
suffering (adj.)
qualified (‫ ل‬for); pl. ‫ الهالى‬,‫ الهلون‬the
‫ اناء‬inā’ pl. ‫ آنية‬āniya, ‫اوان‬awānin2 vessel, natives, the native population│ ‫ اهل البيت‬a.
container, receptacle│ ‫ آنية الطعام‬a.. aṯ- al-bait members (of the house, i.e.) of the
ṯa‘ām table utensils, dishes; mess kit family; the Prophet's family; ‫ اهل الدار‬the
‫ تأن‬ta’annin slowness, deliberateness people living in the house; ‫ اهل الحرفة‬a. al-
ḥirfa people of the trade; ‫ اهل الحلف‬a. al-
‫ مَتأن‬muta’annin slow, unhurried, ḥilf people pledged by oath, members of a
deliberate sworn confederacy; ‫ اهل الخبرة‬a. al-ḳibra
2
‫ انى‬annā (interrog. part.) where ... from? why people of experience, experts; ‫اهل السفسطة‬
is it that ... ? why? Where? (place and a. al-safsata Sophists; ‫ اهل السنة‬a. as-sunna
direction); how? wherever; however│ ‫وانى‬ the adherents of the Sunna, the Sunnis; ‫اهل‬
َ‫ له ال‬... (allā) and why shouldn't he ... ? ‫ المدر والوبر‬a. al-madar wa-l-wabar the
resident population and the nomads; ‫اهل‬
‫ انيسون‬anīsūn, ‫ آنيسون‬aniseed ‫ الوجاهة‬a. al-wajāha people of rank and
high social standing; ‫ اهلا وسهل‬ahlan wa- ‫( اوت‬Fr. août) August (month; mağr.)
sahlan welcome! ‫ اهلا بك‬ahlan bika ‫( اوتوبيس‬Fr. autobus) otobīs autobus, bus
welcome to youl ‫ له في دارنا اهل‬he is a
welcome guest in our house ‫( اوتجراف‬Fr.) otogrāf pl. -āt autograph
‫ اهلي‬ahlī domestic, family (adj.); ‫ اوتوقراطي‬oṯūqrāṯī autocratic
native, resident; indigenous; home, ‫( اوتومَاتيكي‬Fr.) otomātīkī automatic
national│ ‫ بنك اهلي‬national bank (Eg.);
‫( حرب اهلية‬ḥarb) civil war; ‫مَحكمة اهلية‬ ‫( اوتومَوبيل‬Fr.) otombīl automobile
(maḥkama) indigenous court (Eg.); ‫القضاء‬ ‫( اوتيل‬Fr.) ōtēl pl. -āt hotel
‫( الهلي‬qaḍā’) jurisdiction of indigenous
courts; ‫( النتاج الهلي‬intāj) domestic ‫ اوج‬auj highest point, acme, pinnacle;
production; ‫( وقف اهلي‬waqf) family wakf culmination, climax; apogee (astron.);
peak (fig.; of power. of fame) 33
‫ اهلية‬ahlīya aptitude, fitness,
suitableness, competence; qualification │ ‫ا‬ ‫ آح‬āḥ albumen, eggwhite
‫ لهلية القانونية‬the civil rights; ‫كامَل الهلية‬ O ‫ آحين‬āḥīn albumin
legally competent; ‫ عديم الهلية‬legally
(‫ آد )اود‬āda u (aud) to bend, flex, curve, crook (
incompetent, under tutelage
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to burden, oppress, weigh down (
‫ آهل‬ahil and ‫ مَأهول‬ma’hūl inhabited, ‫ هـ‬s.o.); -- ‫ اود‬awida a (awad) to bend; to
populated (region, place) be bent V to bend; to bow
‫ مَؤهلت‬mu’ahhilāt qualifications, ‫ اودة‬auda burden, load
abilities, aptitudes
‫ اود‬awad: ‫ قام باوده‬to provide for s.o.’s needs,
‫ مَتأهل‬muta’ahhil married stand by s.o. in time of need; ‫أقام اوده‬
‫ مَستأهل‬musta’hil worthy, deserving, (awadahū) do.; to support s.o., furnish s.o.
meriting; entitled with the means of subsistence

‫ اهليلج‬ihlīlaj myrobalan, emblic (fruit of ‫ اوار‬uwār heat, blaze; thirst


Phyllanthus emblica L.; bot.); ellipse ‫ اوربا‬urubbā Europe
(geom.)
‫ اوربي‬urubbī Europesn
‫ اهليلجي‬ihlīlajī elliptic(al)
‫ اورشليم‬ūrušalīm2 Jerusalem
‫ او‬au or; (with foll. subj.) unless except that
(‫ اورطة )= ارطة‬urṯa pl. ‫ ارط‬uraṯ battalion
1
(‫ آب )اوب‬āba u (aub, ‫ اوبة‬auba, ‫ اياب‬iyab) to (formerly, Eg.; mil.)
return; ‫ ب آب‬to catch, contract, suffer,
‫ اورغوي‬uruguwāy Uruguay
incur s.th., be in for s.th., be left with, get
one’s share of ‫( اوركسترا‬It.) arkestrā orchestra
‫ مَن كل اوب‬min kulli aubin from all sides ‫( اورنيك‬Turk. örnek) urnīk pl. ‫ ارانيك‬arānīk2
or directions; ‫( مَن كل اوب وصوب‬ṣaubin) do. sample, specimen; model, pattern; form,
blank
‫ اوبة‬auba return
‫ اوروبا‬urubbā, ‫ اوروﭙا‬Europe
‫ اياب‬iyāb return │ ‫ ذهابا وايابا‬dahāban
wa-iyaban there and back; back and forth, ‫ اوروبي‬urubbī Europesn
up and down ‫ اوروجواي‬uruguwāy Uruguay
‫ مَآب‬ma’āb place to which one returns; ‫ اوز‬II (eg.) to ridicule (‫ على‬s.o.), make fun of
(used as verbal noun:) return │ ‫ذهوب ومَآب‬ s.o. (‫)على‬
coming and going
2
‫ اوز‬iwazz (col1.; n. un.) goose, geese
‫ آب‬look up alphabetically
‫ آس‬ās myrtle; see also alphabetically
‫ اوبرا‬and ‫( اوبرا‬It. opera) ōpərā opera; opera
house ‫ اوستراليا‬usturāliyā Australia
‫( اوبريت‬Fr.) ōpərēt operetta ‫( اوستريا‬It.) austriyā Austria
‫ اوسلو‬Oslo radio; ‫ آلة رافعة‬hoisting machine, crane,
derrick; pump; ‫ آلة التسخين‬and ‫آلة مَسخنة‬
‫ اوسطى‬ūsṯā see ‫اسطى‬
(musaḳḳina) heater; ‫آلة التصوير‬
‫ اوشية‬ūšīya pl. ‫ اواش‬awāšin prayer, oration (photographic) camera; ‫ آلة الطباعة‬printing
(Copt.-Chr.) press; ‫ آلة الغسل‬a. al-gasl washing machine;
‫ آفة‬āfa pl. -āt harm, hurt, damage, ruin, bane, ‫ آلة التفريخ‬incubator; ‫ آلة الَستقبال‬receiver,
evil; epidemic, plague; plant epidemic receiving set (radio); ‫( آلة مَقطرة‬muqaṯṯira)
distilling apparatus, still; ‫ آلة الكتابة‬and ‫آلة‬
‫ مَؤوف‬ma’ūf stricken by an epidemic ‫ كاتبة‬typewriter; ‫ آلة لعب القمار‬a. la‘b al-
‫( اوفرول‬Engl.) ovirōl overalls qimār slot machine; ‫( آلة مَوسيقية‬mūsīqīya)
l
musical instrument; ‫ آلة التنبيه‬alarm; siren
(‫ آق )اوق‬āqa u to bring s.o. (‫ )على‬bad luck, horn (of an automobile); ‫آلة صماء‬
cause discomfort or hardship (‫ على‬to) II to (ṣammā’) (fig.) tool, creature, puppet
burden (‫ ه‬s.o.) with s.th. unpleasant,
troublesome or difficult ‫ آلى‬ālī mechanic(al); mechanized;
2
motorized; instrumental; organic│ ‫مَحراث‬
‫ اوقة‬see ‫اقة‬ ‫( آلي‬miḥrat) motor plow; ‫القوات اللية‬
3
‫ اويقات‬uwaiqāt (dimin. of ‫ )اوقات‬short times; (quwāt) motorized troops; ‫حركة آلية‬
good times (ḥaraka) a mechanical movement
‫ اويقيانوس‬,‫اويقيانس‬ oqiyānus, oqiyānūs ocean ‫ آلية‬ālīya mechanics
‫ اوقية‬ūqīya pl. -āt ounce, a weight of varying ‫ آلاتى‬ālātī pl. ‫ آلاتية‬ālātīya (eg.) musician;
magnitude (Eg.: 37.44 g; Aleppo 320 g; singer
Jerusalem 240 g; Beirut 213.3 g) ‫ اول‬awwal2, f. ‫ اولى‬ūlā, pl. m. -ūn, ‫اوائل‬
‫( اوكازيون‬Fr. occasion) okazyōn clearing sale, awā’il2 first; foremost, most important,
special sale principal, chief, main; first part,
beginning; (with def. article also) earlier,
‫ اوكرانيا‬ukrānīya Ukraine
previous, former; see a1so under │‫ولى‬
‫( اوكسجين‬Fr. oxygène) oksižēn oxygen ‫( الَنسان الَول‬insān) primitive man; ‫طبيب اول‬
(‫ آل )اول‬āla u (aul, ‫ مَآل‬ma’āl) to return, revert ( physician-in-chief; ‫ الَولون‬,‫ الَوائل‬the
‫ الى‬to); to go back, be attributed, be forebears, forefathers, ancestors; ‫اوائل الشهر‬
attributable (‫ الى‬to), spring, derive (‫الى‬ a. aš-šahr the first ten days of a month,
from); to lead, conduce, tend (‫ الى‬to), beginning of a month; ‫ لاول مَرة‬li-awwali
result eventually (‫ الى‬in); to come or go marratin or ‫ للمرة الَولى‬for the first time; ‫مَن‬
eventually (‫ الى‬to s.o.), pass into the hands ‫ مَن اوائله‬,‫ اوله‬since its beginnings, from the
of (‫ آل المَر الى │ )الى‬the long and the short very beginning; ‫( مَن اوله الى آخره‬āḳirihī)
of it was that ... ; ‫( آل به المطاف الى‬maṯāfu) from beginning to end, from A to Z; ‫اول‬
he eventually got to the point where ... II ‫ الَمَر‬awwala l-amr at first, in the
to interpret, explain (‫ هـ‬s.th.) beginning; ‫ الَول فالَول‬each time the first
available; ‫( اول مَا‬awwala) the moment
‫ آل‬āl family, relatives, kinsfolk, clan; when, just when; at the very outset of; ‫اكثر‬
companions, partisans, people; mirage, ‫( مَن الَول‬aḳtara) more than before
fatamorgana
َ‫ اول‬awwalan first, firstly, in the first
‫ آلة‬āla pl. -āt instrument, utensil; tool; place; at first, in the beginning│ ‫اولَ باول‬
apparatus; device, implement, appliance; and َ‫ اولَ فأول‬by and by, gradually, one after
machine│ ‫ آلَت الحس‬ā. al-ḥiss sensory the other, one by one; ‫ اولَ واخيرا‬and َ‫اول‬
organs; ‫( آلة بخارية‬buḳārīya) steam engine; ‫( وآخرا‬āḳiran) first and I~st, altogether;
‫ آلة الجر‬ā. al-jarr tractor; ‫آلة جهنمية‬ simply and solely, merely
(jahannamīya) infernal machine; ‫آلة حربية‬
(ḥarbīya) instrument of war; 34 ‫آلة التحريك‬ ‫ اولى‬awwalī prime, primary, primordial,
motor, engine; ‫ آلة حاسبة‬calculating original, initial, first; elemental,
machine; ‫ آلة الحياكة‬a. al-ḥiyāka power fundamental, basic, principal, chief, main;
loom; ‫ آلة الخياطة‬sewing machine; ‫آلة راديو‬ elementary; primitive, pristine, primeval│
‫( مَدرسة اولية‬madrasa) elementary school,
grade school; ‫( مَواد اولية‬mawādd) raw ‫ اوان‬awān pl. ‫ آونة‬āwina time│ ‫قبل اوانه‬
materials; ‫‘( عدد اولى‬adad) prime number; prematurely; ‫ في اوانه‬at the right time,
‫( فاتورة اولية‬fātūra) pro forma invoice timely, seasonably, ‫ في غير اوانه‬at the
wrong time, untimely, unseasonably; ‫بين‬
‫ اولية‬awwalīya pl. -āt fundamental truth,
‫ الونة‬from time to time; ‫بين الونة والَخرى‬
axiom; primary constituent, essential
(uḳrā) and ‫( آونة وأخرى‬āwinatan, uḳrā) at
component, element; precedence; priority
times, sometimes; ‫ آونة – وأخرى‬sometimes
‫ ايل‬ayyil, iyyal, uyyal pl. ‫ ايائل‬ayā’il2 stag – sometimes, at times – at times; ‫فات الَوان‬
‫ ايالة‬iyāla pl. -āt province; regency (fāta) it is too late; ‫( آن الَوان‬āna) the time
has come, it is time (‫ ل‬for, to do s.th.)
‫ ايلولة‬ailūla title deed (jur.) 2
‫ايوان‬look up alphabetically
‫ مَآل‬ma’āl end; outcome, final issue,
upshot; result, consequence│ ‫في الحال وفي‬ ‫ اونباشى‬onbašī corporal, see ‫انباشى‬
‫ المآل‬at present and in the future (‫ آه )اوه‬āha u and II to moan, sigh V to moan,
‫ تأويل‬ta’wīl pl. -āt interpretation, sigh; to sigh with admiration (‫ ل‬over),
explanation exclaim “ah!”

‫ اولَء‬ulā’i, ‫ اولَئك‬,‫ اولئك‬ulā’ika these; ‫ اوه‬awwah (interj.) oh!


those, pl. of the demonstr. pron. ‫ ذا‬and ‫ذلك‬ ‫ آه‬āhi, ‫آهـ‬āhan, ‫ اواه‬awwāhi oh!
‫ اولمبى‬olimbī Olympic│ ‫الَلعاب الَولمبية‬the ‫ آهة‬āha pl. -āt sigh, moan; pl. ‫ آهات‬sighs
Olympic games of admiration; rapturous exclamations
‫ اولمبياد‬olimbiyād Olympiad ‫ تأوه‬ta’awwuh moaning. sighing;
‫ اولو‬ulū (pl. of ‫ )ذو‬owners, possessors, people admiring exclamation; plaintive sound,
(with foll.genit.: of)│ ‫اولو الَمَر‬u. l-amr wail
rulers, powerful leaders; ‫ اولو الحل والعقد‬u. l- ‫ اوى‬awā i to seek refuge, seek shelter (‫ الى‬at a
ḥall wa-l-'aqd (lit.: masters of solving and place); to go (‫ الى‬to bed); to betake o.s.,
binding) do.; ‫ اولو الشأن‬u. š-ša’n the repair (‫ الى‬to a place); to shelter, house,
responsible people put up, lodge, accommodate, receive as a
1
‫ اوام‬uwām thirst guest (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) II to shelter, lodge,
2
put up, accommodate, receive as a guest (‫ه‬
‫ اوم‬ohm (el.) 35 s.o.) IV to seek shelter (‫ الى‬at a place), to
‫ اومَنيبوس‬omnībūs omnibus, bus retire (‫ الى‬to a place); to betake o.s., repair
1
(‫ الى‬to a place); to shelter, house, put up,
‫ آن‬ān time; ‫ الآن‬al-āna now│ ‫ فى آن‬and ‫فى آن‬ lodge, accommodate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ واحد‬at the same time, simultaneously; ‫مَن‬
‫( آن الى آخر‬āḳara) from time to time; ‫مَا بين‬ ‫ ايواء‬īwā’ accommodation, lodging,
‫( آن وآخر‬wa-āḳara) and ‫ آنا بعد آن‬sometimes, housing, sheltering
at times, now and then: once in a while; ‫آنا‬ ‫ مَأوى‬ma’wan pl. ‫ مَآو‬ma’āwin place of
‫ فآنا‬gradually, by and by, little by little; -- ‫آنا‬ refuge, retreat, shelter; abode; resting
‫( وآونة‬āwinatan) sometimes -- sometimes, place; dwelling, habitation│ ‫مَأوى ليلى‬
at times -- at times; ‫ قبل الآن‬qabla l-āna (lailī) shelter for the night; doss house
before, previously, formerly; ‫ للآن‬li-l-āna
and ‫ حتى الآن‬ḥattā l-āna until now, hitherto, ‫ ابن آوى‬ibn āwā pl. ‫ بنات آوى‬banāt a.
so far; ‫ بعد الآن‬ba‘da l-āna from now on, jackal
henceforth, in the future; ‫ مَن الآن فصاعدا‬min 1
‫ آية‬āya, coll. ‫ آي‬āy, pl. -āt sign, token, mark;
al-āna fa-ṣā‘idan do. miracle; wonder, marvel, prodigy; model,
‫ آنئذ‬āna’idin that day, at that time, then exemplar, paragon, masterpiece (‫ فى‬of,
e.g., of organization, etc.); Koranic verse,
‫ آنذاك‬ānadāka that day, at that time, then ‫( آي الذكر الحكيم‬āy ad-dikr) the verses of the
‫ اون‬aun calmness, serenity, gentleness Koran; passage (in a book), utterance,
saying, word; ‫( آيات‬with foll. genit.) moat
solemn assurances (of love, of gratitude)
2
‫ اى‬ay that is (to say), i.e.; namely, to wit ‫ اياس‬iyās despair
3
‫ اى‬ī yes (with foll. ‫ وا‬yes indeed! Yes, by ‫( ايشرب‬Fr. écharp,) sash
God!) (‫ آض )ايض‬āḍa i to return, revert (‫ الى‬to s.th.); to
4
‫ اى‬ayy, f. ‫ اية‬ayya (with foll. genit. or suffix) become (‫ الى‬s.th.)
which? what? what kind of? Whoever, ‫ ايضا‬aiḍan also, too, as well, likewise,
whosoever; any, every, no matter what ... ; equally; again; in addition, besides,
(with neg.) no; ‫ ايما‬ayyumā whatever, moreover
whatsoever│‫ ايا كان‬,‫ اية كانت‬ayyan kāna,
ayyatan kānat whoever he (or she) is, no ‫ ايطاليا‬īṯālīyā Italy
matter who he (or she) is; ‫ اي مَن كان‬ayyu ‫ ايطالى‬īṯālī Italian; (pl. -ūn) an Italian
man kāna whoever it may be, whosoever;
‫( على اي حال‬ayyi ḥālin) in any case, at any ‫( ايقونة‬Gr. είκών) īqūna and ‫ ايقونية‬īqūnīya pl.
36 rate, at all events, by all means; ‫اى واحد‬ -āt icon (Chr.)
ayyu wāḥidin any one; ‫ ان له شأنا اى شأن‬inna ‫ ايك‬aik (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬thicket, jungle
lahū ša’nan ayya ša’nin it is of the 1
greatest importance (lit.: it is of ‫ ايل‬and ‫ ايالة‬see ‫اول‬
importance, and of what importance!); 2
‫ ايلول‬ailūl2 September (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)
‫ اعجب به ايما اعجاب‬u‘jiba bihi ayyama 3
‫ ايلولة‬ailūla title deed (jur.)
i‘jābin how much he admired him! he
admired him greatly; ‫اقبل عليه ايما اقبال‬ (‫ آم )ايم‬āma i: ‫( آم مَن زوجته‬zaujatihī) to lose
aqbala ‘alaihi ayyama iqbālin he showed one's wife, become or be a widower, ‫آمَت‬
the greatest interest in it ‫( مَن زوجها‬zaujiha) to lose one’s husband,
become or be a widow
‫ ايا‬iyyā with nominal suffix to express the
accusative│‫ اياك ان‬take care not to ..., be ‫ ايمة‬aima, ‫ ايوم‬uyūm and ‫ تأيم‬ta’ayyum
careful not to ...; ‫ اياك و‬,‫ اياك مَن‬beware of ... widowhood
! ‫( واياك‬dial. wayyāk), ‫( واياه‬wayyāh) with ‫ ايم‬ayyim pl. ‫ ايائم‬ayā’im2, ‫ ايامَى‬ayāmā
you, with him widower, widow
‫ ايار‬see 2‫اير‬ ‫ ايوم‬aiwam2 see ‫يوم‬
‫ ايد‬II to back, support (‫ه‬, s.o., ‫ هـ‬a claim, an ‫ ايما‬ayyumā see 4‫ اي‬ayy
aspiration, etc.); to confirm, corroborate,
1
endorse (‫ هـ‬news, a. judgment, etc.) V = (‫ آن )اين‬āna i to come, approach, draw near
pass. of II (time)│ ‫( آن الَوان‬awān) the time has
come: ‫ آن له ان‬it’s time for him to ...
‫ تأييد‬ta’yīd corroboration, confirmation,
endorsement, backing, support ‫ آن‬see ‫اون‬
‫( ايدروجين‬Fr. Hydrogène) idrožēn hydrogen ‫ اين‬aina where? (= at or to what place?)│ ‫مَن‬
‫ اين‬min aina where … from? ‫ الى اين‬where?
‫( قنبلة ايدروجينية‬qunbula) hydrogen bomb (= to what place?) ‫ اين نحن مَن‬how far we
1
‫ اير‬air pl. ‫ ايور‬uyūr penis still are from … worlds separate us
2 from ... (fig.); ‫ اين هذا مَن ذاك‬what is this
‫ ايار‬ayyār2 May (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)
compared with that! 37
‫ ايران‬īrān Iran, Persia
‫ الَين‬al-ainu the where; space (philos.)
‫ ايرانى‬īrānī Iranian, Persian; (pl. -ūn) a Persian,
‫ اينما‬ainamā wherever
an Iranian
‫ ايان‬ayyāna when? (conj.) when
‫ ايرلندا‬irlandā Ireland
2
‫اين‬II to ionize (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be ionized (el.)
‫ ايرلندى‬irlandī Irish; (pl. -ūn) Irishman
‫ ايون‬iyōn pl. -āt ion
‫( ايريال‬Engl.) ēriyāl aerial, antenna
‫ تأيين‬ta’yīn ionization
‫ ايزيس‬īzīs Isis
‫ مَتأين‬muta’ayyin ionized
‫ ايس‬ayisa a (‫ اياس‬iyās) to despair (‫ مَن‬of s.th.)
2
‫ ايه‬īhi, īha, īhin (interj.) well! now then! All ‫ بؤبؤ‬bu’bu’ root, source, origin; core, heart,
right! inmost part; pupil of the eye, also ‫بؤبؤ لعين‬
b. al-‘ain
‫ ايها‬ayyuhā, with fem. also ‫ ايتها‬ayyatuhā
(vocative particle) O ... ! ‫ بابل‬bābil2 Babel, Babylon
‫ ايوب‬ayyūb2 Job ‫ بابلى‬bābilī Babylonian
‫ الَيوبيون‬al-ayyūbīyūn the Ayubites ‫ بابه‬bābih the second month of the Coptic
calendar
‫ ايوم‬aiwam2 see ‫يوم‬
1 ‫ بابوج‬bābūj pl. ‫ بوابج‬bawābij2 slipper
‫ايون‬see 2‫اين‬
2 ‫ بابور‬bābūr pl. -āt, ‫ بوابير‬bawābīr2 (=‫)وابور‬
‫ ايوان‬īwān pl. -āt recess-like sitting room with
locomotive, engine; steamship, steamer
a raised floor, usually opening on the main
room or courtyard through an arcade; ‫ بابونج‬bābūnaj camomile (bot.)
estrade ‫ باتسته‬bati.ta batiste
‫ باثولوجى‬batōlōjī pathologic(al)
‫ب‬ ‫ باثولوجيا‬batōlōjiyā pathology
1
‫ ب‬abbreviation of ‫ باب‬chapter ‫ باذنجان‬bādijān and ‫ بيذنجان‬baidinjān (coll.; n.
1
‫ ب‬bi (prep.) in, at, on (place and time); with un. ‫ ة‬pl. -āt eggplant, aubergine 38
(indicating connection, association, 1
‫ بار‬bār pl. -āt bar; taproom
attendance); with, through, by means of 2
‫ بأر‬ba’ara a to dig a well
(designating instrumentality or agency,
also with pass. = by); for (= at the price ‫ بئر‬bi'r f., pl. ‫ آبار‬ābār, ‫ بئار‬bi’ār well,
of); by (= to the amount of); by spring
(introducing an oath)│‫ بالليل‬bi-l-lail at (by) ‫ بؤرة‬bu’ra pl. ‫ بؤر‬bu’ar center, seat
night, ‫ بالنهار‬bi-n-nahār during the (fig.); site; pit; abyss
daytime, by day; ‫ شمالَ بشرق‬šamālan bi-
šarqin northeast; ‫ فبها ونعمت‬fa-bihā wa- ‫( باراشوت‬Fr. parachute) bārāšūt parachute
ni’mat in that case it’s all right; ‫ ليس بي ان‬it ‫ باراغواى‬bārāguwāy Paraguay
is not my intention to ... ; ‫ هذا بذاك‬hādā bi-
dāka now we are even, we are quits; ‫قبل‬ ‫ باربوني‬see ‫بربونى‬
‫( مَجيئه بساعة‬majī’ihī) an hour before his ‫( باركيه‬Fr.) barkēh parquet, parquetry floor
arrival; ‫“ ب‬with” frequently gives
‫ بارنامَج‬see ‫برنامَج‬
causative meaning to a verb, e.g., ‫نهض‬
‫( بشيء‬lit.: to rise with s.t‫ا‬., i.e.) to boost, ‫ بارة‬bāra pl. -āt para (coin)
further, promote s.th.; ‫ بلغ به الى‬to cause s.o. ‫ بارود‬bārūd saltpeter; gunpowder
to arrive at, lead s.o. to; for its use as
copula after negations, etc., see grammar; ‫ بارودة‬bārūda pl. ‫ بواريد‬bawārīd2 rifle,
‫ بل‬bi-lā without; ‫ بما ان‬bi-mā anna in view carbine
of the fact that; since, as, inasmuch as, ‫ باريس‬bārīs2 Paris
because; ‫ بما فيه‬bi-mā fīhi including
‫ باريسى‬bārīsī Parisian
‫ باء‬bā’ name of the letter ‫ب‬
‫ باز‬bāz pl. ‫ بيزان‬bīzān and ‫ بأز‬ba’z pl. ‫بؤوز‬
‫ بابا‬bābā pl. ‫ بابوات‬bābawāt, ‫ باباوات‬pope; papa, bu’ūz, ‫ بئزان‬bi’zān falcon
father, daddy
‫ بازار‬bāzār pl. –āt bazaar
‫ بابوى‬bābawī, ‫ باباوى‬papal
‫ بازلت‬bāzalt basalt
‫ بابوية‬bābawīya papacy
1
‫ بازوبند‬bāzūband bracelet
‫بأبأ‬ba’ba’a to say “papa” (child)
‫ بؤس‬ba’usa u (‫ بأس‬ba’s) to be strong, brave,
intrepid; -- ‫ بئس‬ba’isa a (‫ بؤس‬bu’s) to be
2
miserable, wretched VI to feign misery or ‫ بالة‬bala pl. -āt bundle, bale
distress VIII to be sad, worried, grieved ‫ بالطو‬balṯō pl. ‫ بالطوات‬balṯowāt, ‫ بلاطي‬balātī
‫ بئس الرجل‬bi’sa r-rajulu what an evil overcoat; paletot
man! ‫( بالو‬It. ballo ball, dance
‫ بأس‬ba’s strength, fortitude, courage, ‫ بالون‬bālūn) balloon
intrepidity (as verbal noun of ‫بؤس‬
ba’usa); harm, hurt, injury, impairment, ‫ جزر الباليار‬juzur al-bāliyār the Balearic Islands
detriment, wrong│ ‫شديد البأس‬courageous, ‫( باليه‬Fr.) bālēh ballet
brave, intrepid; ‫( لَ بأس‬ba’sa) there is no
objection to it; unobjectionable; not bad, ‫ بامَيا‬and ‫ بامَية‬bāmiya gumbo, okra (Hibiscus
rather important, considerable, e.g., ‫كميات‬ esculentus L., bot., a popular vegetable in
‫( لَ بأس بها‬kammīyāt) considerable Egypt)
quantities; ‫( لَ بأس‬ba'sa) never mind! it ‫ بان‬see ‫بون‬
doesn't matter! it's all right! ‫ لَ بأس ان‬it
doesn't matter that ... ; ‫ اى بأس؟‬ayyu ‫ شاشة بانورامَية‬šāša bānōrāmīya (= Fr. écran
ba'sin? what does it matter! what of it! ‫ليس‬ panoramique) cinemascope screen
‫( عليه بأس مَن‬ba’sun) he will be none the ‫ بؤونة‬ba’ūna the tenth month of the Coptic
worse for ... ; ‫( لَ بأس عليك‬ba’sa) it won't do calendar
you any harm! don't worry! don't be afraid
‫ باى‬bāy, f. ‫ باية‬bāya pl. -āt formerly, in Tunisia,
‫ بنات بئس‬banātu bi's calamities, a title after the names of the members of
adversities, misfortunes the Bey's family
‫ بئس‬bu’s, ‫ بأساء‬ba’sā’, ‫ بؤس‬bu’ūs and ‫بؤسى‬
‫ دار الباى‬dār al-bāy (formerly) the
bu’sā pl. ‫ ابؤس‬ab’us misery, wretchedness,
Tunisian government
suffering, distress
‫ بئيس‬ba’īs pl. ‫ بؤساء‬bu’asā’2 miserable, ‫ ببر‬babr pl. ‫ ببور‬bubūr tiger
wretched ‫ ببغاء‬babgā2 (and babbayā’2) pl. ‫ببغاوات‬
‫ بائس‬bā’is miserable, wretched babgāwāt parrot
‫( باستيل‬Fr.) bastē1 pastel
‫ باسل‬bāsīl bacilli ‫ بت‬batta u i (batt) to cut off, sever (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ باش‬bāš senior, chief (in compounds) complete, finish, achieve, accomplish,
‫ باشجاويش‬bašcāwīš and ‫ باشجاويش‬approx.: carry out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fix, settle, determine
master sergeant (formerly, Eg.) (‫ هـ‬s.th.), decide (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ فى‬on s.th.) II to
‫ باشحكيم‬bāšḥakīm physician-in-chief adjudge, adjudicate, award (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VII to
‫ باشريش‬bāšrayyis a naval rank, approx.: be cut off; to be finished, be done; to be
petty officer 3rd class (Eg.) decided│‫ قد انبت الَمَر بينه وبينهم‬it's all over
‫ باشكاتب‬bāškātib chief clerk between him and them, they are through
‫ باشمفتى‬bāšmuftī chief mufti (Tun.) with each other
‫ باشمفتش‬bāamšmufattiš chief inspector ‫ بت‬batt settlement, decision; ‫ بتا‬battan
‫ باشمهندس‬bāšmuhandis chief engineer definitely, once and for all
‫ باشا‬bāšā pl. ‫ باشوات‬bāšawāt (‫ )باشاوات‬pasha
‫ باشق‬bāšaq, bāšiq pl. ‫ بواشق‬bawāšiq2 sparrow ‫ بتة‬batta pl. -āt adjudication, award;
hawk final decision; ‫ البتة‬al-battata and ‫بتة‬
‫ الباشقرد‬al-bāšqird the Bashkirs battatan definitely, positively, decidedly,
‫ باشكير‬see ‫بشكير‬ esp. with negations: absolutely not,
‫( باص‬Engl.) bāṣ pl. -āt bus, autobus definitely not
‫ باطون‬bātūn concrete, béton 39 ‫ بتى‬battī definite, definitive
‫ باغة‬bāgā celluloid; tortoise shell ‫ بتية‬battiya, bittīya pl. ‫ بتاتى‬batātīy barrel;
‫ الباكستان‬al-bākistān Pakistan tub

‫ باكستانى‬bākistānī Pakistani (adj. and n.) ‫ بتاتا‬batātan decidedly, definitely,


positively, categorically, unquestionably,
1
‫ بال‬bāl whale (zool.) absolutely
‫ تبتيت‬tabtīt adjudication, award peer around; ‫ بث اللغام‬to plant, or lay,
mines IV to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) in on a secret (‫)هـ‬
‫ بات‬bātt definite, definitive│‫مَنع بات‬
VII to be spread; to be scattered
(man‘) categorical interdiction
1 ‫ بث‬batta spreading, dissemina.tion,
‫ بتر‬batara u (batr) to cut off, sever (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
propagation; grief, sorrow
to amputate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to mutilate, render
fragmentarily (‫ هـ‬a text) VII to be cut off, ‫ بثر‬batara i (batira a) and V to break out with
be severed, be amputated pimples or pustules (skin)
‫ بتر‬batr cutting off, severance, ‫ بثر‬batr pl. ‫ بثور‬butūr (n. un. ‫ بثرة‬batra
separation; amputation pl. batarāt) pimples, pustules
‫ ابتر‬abtar2 curtailed, docked, clipped, ‫ بثر‬batir, ‫ بثير‬batīr pustulate, pimpled
trimmed; imperfect, defective, ‫ بثق‬bataqa i u (with ‫ النهر‬an-nahra) to open
incomplete; without offspring flood gates so that the river will overflow
‫ بتار‬battār cutting, sharp its banks VII to break forth, burst out, well
out, pour out, gush out; to emanate,
‫ باتر‬bātir cutting, sharp
proceed, spring (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬from)
‫ مَبتور‬mabtūr broken, abrupt,
‫ انبثاق‬outpouring, effusion, outpour, outburst;
unconnected; fragmentary, incomplete
emanation
2
‫ بتراء‬bitrā’2, batrā’2 Petra (ancient city of
‫ بجح‬bajiḥa a (bajaḥ) to rejoice (‫ ب‬at) V to
Edomites and Nabataeans; ruins now in
vaunt, flaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.), boast, brag (‫ ب‬of)
SW Jordan)
‫ تبجح‬tabajjuj bragging, braggery
‫ بترك‬batrak patriarch
‫ مَتبجح‬mutabajjij braggart
‫ بترول‬batrūl, bitrōl petroleum
‫ بجدة‬bajda, bujda root, source. heart, essence,
‫ ابتع‬abta‘2 an assonant intensifier of ‫ اجمع‬ajma‘2
basis│‫ بجدة المَر‬the heart of the matter, the
all, altogether, whole, entire
actual state of affairs, the true facts; ‫هو ابن‬
‫ باتع‬bāti‘ strong; full, whole, entire 40 ‫( بجدتها‬ibn bujdatihā) he knows the job
‫ بتك‬II to cut off (‫ هـ‬s.th.) from the ground up, he is the right man for
1
it
‫ بتل‬batala i u (batl) and II to cut off, sever (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to make final, close, settle, make ‫ ابجر‬abiar2 obese, corpulent
conclusive, clinch (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to retire ‫ بجس‬bajasa u i (bajs) and II to open a passage
from the world and devote one's life to (for the water), cause (the water) to flow
God (‫ ;)الى ا‬to be pious, chaste and self- V and VII to flow freely, pour forth
denying; to live in chastity VII to be cut copiously, gush out
off, be curtailed, be docked
‫ بجس‬bajs, ‫ بجيس‬bajīs flowing freely,
‫ بتول‬batūl virgin; ‫ البتول‬the Virgin Mary streaming
‫ بتولي‬batūlī virginal ‫ بجع‬baja‘ (n. un. ‫ )ة‬pelican
‫ بتولية‬batūlīya virginity ‫ بجل‬II to honor, revere, venerate, treat with
‫ مَتبتل‬mutabattil an ascetic, a. recluse; a deference (‫ ه‬s.o.), show respect (‫ هـ‬to s.o.);
pious, godly man to give precedence (‫ على هـ‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o. or
2
s.th. over) V to be honored, be revered, be
َ‫ بتول‬batūlā birch tree venerated
‫ بث‬batta (batt) to spread, unroll, unfold (‫هـ‬ ‫ بجل‬bajal syphilis (ir.)
s.th., e.g., a rug); to scatter, disperse (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to disseminate, propagate, spread (‫هـ‬ ‫ تبجيل‬tabjīl veneration, reverence;
s.th., e.g., a spirit, an ideology, a doctrine); deference, respect
to sprinkle (‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. on); to let s.o. (‫ه‬, also ‫ مَبجل‬mubajjal revered, respected;
‫ )ل‬in on s.th. (‫هـ‬, esp. on a secret); to venerable
broadcast, transmit by radio │‫ بث العيون‬to
‫ بجم‬bajama i (bajm, ‫ بجوم‬bujūm) to be ‫ مَباحثة‬mubāḥata pl. -āt negotiation,
speechless, dumfounded parley, conference, talk, discussion
‫ بجن‬II to clinch (‫ هـ‬a nail) ‫ باحث‬bāḥit pl. -ūn and ‫ بحاث‬buḥḥāt
scholar, research worker; examiner,
‫ بح‬baḥḥa a (baḥḥ, ‫ بحح‬baḥaḥ, ‫ بحوح‬buḥūḥ, ‫بحاح‬
investigator
baḥāḥ, ‫ بحوحة‬buḥūḥa, ‫ بحاحة‬baḥāḥa) to be
or become hoarse, be raucous, husky, ‫ بحثر‬baḥtara to disperse, scatter (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
harsh (voice) II and IV to make hoarse (‫ه‬ waste, squander, dissipate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II
s.o.) tabaḥtara pass. of I
‫ بحة‬buḥḥa hoarseness ‫ بحثر‬baḥtara waste, dissipation
2
‫ ابح‬abaḥḥ hoarse ‫ مَبحثر‬mubaḥtir squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift
1
‫ مَبحوح‬mabḥūḥ hoarse 41 ‫ بحر‬baḥira a to be startled, be bewildered
(with fright)
‫ بحبح‬II tabaḥbaḥa to be prosperous, live in
1
easy circumstances; to enjoy o.s. have a ‫ بحر‬II to travel by sea, make a voyage IV do.;
good time to embark, go on board; to put to sea, set
sail, sail, depart (ship); to go downstream,
‫ بحبوح‬baḥbūḥ gay, merry
be sea-bound (ship on the Nile) V to
‫ بحبوحة‬buḥbūḥa middle; life of ease and penetrate deeply, delve (‫ في‬into); to study
comfort, prosperity, affluence│ ‫في بحبوحة‬ thoroughly (‫ في‬a subject) X = V
amidst
‫ بحر‬baḥr pl. ‫ بحار‬biḥār, ‫بحور‬, buḥūr, ‫ابحار‬
‫ مَبحبح‬mubaḥbaḥ well-to-do, prosperous; abḥār, ‫ ابحر‬abḥur sea; large river; a noble.,
enjoying an easy, comfortable life or great, man (whose magnanimity or
‫ بحت‬baḥt pure, unmixed, sheer; exclusive, also knowledge is comparable to the vastness
‫ بحت المَر; بحتا‬baḥan merely, solely, purely, of the sea); meter (poet.) │ ‫ في بحر‬in the
exclusively, nothing but ... course of, during, ‫( في بحر سنتين‬sanatain) in
the course of two years, within two years;
‫ بحتر‬buḥtur stocky, pudgy, thickset ‫( البحر البيض المتوسط‬abyaḍ, mutawassiṯ) the
‫ بحتري‬buḥturī stocky, pudgy, thickset Mediterranean (sometimes shortened to ‫الب‬
‫ بحر البلطيق ;)حر البيض‬b. al-balṯīq the Baltic
‫ بحث‬baḥata a (baḥt) to look, search (‫ هـ‬or ‫عن‬ Sea; ‫ بحر الجنوب‬b. al-janūb the South Seas;
for s.th.), seek (‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.); to do ‫ البحر الحمر‬the Red Sea (also ‫ بحر القلزم‬b. al-
research; to investigate, examine, study, qulzum); ‫ بحر القزر‬b. al-ḳazar the Caspian
explore (‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.th., less frequently with Sea (also ‫ بحر الروم ;)البحر الكسبياتي‬b. ar-rūm
‫ في‬or ‫)على‬, look into (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ;)عن‬to discuss ( the Mediterranean; ‫( البحر السود‬aswad) the
‫ هـ‬a subject, a question) III to discuss (‫ه‬ Black Sea; ‫ بحر الظلمات‬b. aẓ-ẓulumāt the
with s.o., ‫ في‬a question) VI to have a ‫هـ‬tlantic; ‫ بحر لوط‬b. lūṯ and ‫البحر الميت‬
discussion, discuss together; to confer, (mayyit) the Dead Sea; ‫( بحر النيل‬eg.) the
have a talk (‫ مَع‬with s.o., ‫ في‬about) Nile
‫ بحث‬baḥt pl. ‫ بحوث‬buḥūt, ‫ ابحاث‬,‫ بحوثات‬abḥāt ‫ البحرين‬al-baḥrain the Bahrein Islands
search (‫ عن‬for), quest (‫ عن‬of);
examination, study; research; ‫ بحراني‬baḥrānī of the Bahrein Islands; ‫الب‬
investigation, exploration; discussion; ‫ حارنة‬al-baḥārina the inhabitants of the
treatise; (pl. ‫ )ابحاث‬study, scientific report ( Bahrein Islands
‫ في‬on) ‫ بحري‬baḥrī sea (adj.), marine; maritime;
‫ بحاث‬baḥḥāt scholar, research worker nautical; naval; navigational; (in Eg.)
northern, baḥrīya (with foll. genit.) north
‫ بحاثة‬baḥḥāta eminent scholar 42 of; (pl. -ūn, ‫ )ة‬sailor, seaman, mariner│
‫ مَبحث‬mabḥāt pl. ‫ مَباحث‬mabāḥit subject, ‫ بحري مَاهر‬approx.: seaman apprentice
theme, field of investigation or discussion, (Eg.); ‫( القوات البحرية‬qūwāt) the naval
object of research; research, study, forces; ‫( نباتات بحرية‬nabātāt) marine flora,
examination; investigation water plants
‫ بحرية‬baḥrīya navy ‫ تبخر‬tabaḳḳur evaporation, vaporization
‫ بحرة‬baḥra pond, pool ‫ باخرة‬balfira pl. ‫ بواخر‬bawāḳir2 steamer,
steamship
‫ بحار‬baḥḥār pl. -ūn, ‫ بحارة‬baḥḥāra
seaman, mariner, sailor; pl. ‫ بحارة‬crew (of a ‫ بويخرة‬buwaiḳira small steamboat
ship, of an airplane) ‫ بخس‬baḳasa a (baks) to decrease, diminish,
‫ بحيرة‬buḥaira pl. -āt, ‫ بحائر‬baḥā’ir2 lake; reduce (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to lessen (e.g., ‫قيمته‬
(tun.)'vegetable garden, truck garden qīmatahū the value of s.th.); to disregard,
neglect, fail to heed (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ بحران‬buḥrān crisis (of an illness);
climax, culmination (also, e.g., of ecstasy) ‫ بخس‬baḳs too little, too low; very low
(price)
‫ تبحر‬tabaḥḥur deep penetration, delving
(‫ في‬into a subject), thorough study (‫ في‬of) ‫ باخس‬baḳis small, little, trifling,
unimportant
‫ مَتبحر‬mutabaḥḥir thoroughly familiar (
‫ في‬with); profound, erudite, searching, ‫ بخشيش‬baḳšīš pl. ‫ بخاشيش‬baḳāšīš 2 tip, gratuity
penetrating ‫ بخع‬baḳa‘a a (baḳ‘) with ‫ نفسه‬: to kill o.s. (with
‫ بحلق‬baḥlaqa: ‫‘( بحلق عينيه‬ainaihi) to stare, gaze grief, anger, rage)
(‫ في‬at) ‫ ابخق‬abḳaq2 f. ‫ بخقاء‬baḳqā’2 one-eyed
1
‫ بخ بخ‬baḳ baḳ excellent! well done! Bravo! ‫ بخل‬baḳila a (baḳal), baḳula u (buḳl) to be
2
‫ بخ‬baḳḳa u (baḳḳ) to snore; to spout, spurt, niggardly, be stingy (‫ ب‬with s.th., ‫ عن‬or ‫عل‬
squirt (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to sprinkle, splatter (‫ب هـ‬ ‫ ى‬with regard to s.o.), scrimp (‫ على‬,‫ عن‬s.o.,
s.th. with) ‫ ب‬for), stint (‫ ب‬in, ‫ عن‬or ‫ على‬s.o.), withhold
(‫ على‬,‫ عن‬from s.o., ‫ ب‬s.th.) VI to give
‫ بخاخة‬baḳḳāḳa nozzle
reluctantly, grudgingly (‫ على‬,‫ عن‬to s.o., y
‫ بخيخة‬buḳḳēḳa squirt, syringe s.th.)
‫ مَبخة‬mibaḳḳa nozzle ‫ بخل‬buḳl avarice, cupidity, greed 43
‫ بخت‬baḳt luck; a kind of lottery│ ‫قليل البخت‬ ‫ بخيل‬baḳīl pl. ‫ بخلء‬avaricious, greedy;
unIucky; ‫ سوء البخت‬bad luck miser, skinflint
‫ بخيت‬baḳīt lucky, fortunate ‫ مَبخلة‬mabḳala cause of avarice, that
‫ مَبخوت‬mabḳūt lucky, fortunate which arouses avarice or greed

‫ بختر‬II tabaḳtara to strut, prance ‫ بخنق‬buḳnuq pl. ‫ بخانق‬baḳāniq2 kerchief, veil


(to cover the head)
‫ بخر‬II to vaporize, evaporate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
fumigate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to disinfect (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ بد‬badda u (budd) to distribute, spread,
perfume with incense, expose to aromatic disperse II to divide, distribute, spread,
smoke (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to evaporate (water); to scatter, disperse (‫• هـ‬.th.); to remove,
volatilize, tum into smoke or haze; to eliminate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to waste, squander,
perfume 0.8., or be perfumed, with incense fritter away, dissipate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V pass. of
II; X to be independent, proceed
‫ بخار‬buḳār pl. -āt, ‫ ابخرة‬abḳira vapor, independently (‫ ب‬in, e.g., in one's opinion,
fume; steam i.e., to be opinionated, obstinate, head-
‫ بخاري‬buḳārī steam (adj.), steam-driven strong); to possess alone monopolize (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to take possession (‫ هـ‬of s.o.), seize,
‫ بخور‬baḳūr incense; frankincense│ ‫بخور‬ grip, overwhelm, overcome (‫ هـ‬s.o.; said
‫ مَريم‬b. maryam cyclamen (bot.) of a feeling, of an impulse); to dispose
‫ ابخر‬abḳar2 suffering from halitosis arbitrarily, highhandedly (‫ ب‬of s.th.); to
rule despotically, tyrannically,
‫ مَبخرة‬mabḳara pl. ‫ مَباخر‬mabāḳir2 (also
autocratically (‫ ب‬over)
-āt) censer; thurible; fumigator
‫ بد‬budd way out, escape│ ‫اذا لم يكن بد مَن‬
‫ تبخير‬tabḳīr fumigation
‫( ان‬buddun) if it is inevitable that ... ; ‫لَ بد‬
(budda) definitely, certainly, inevitably, ‫ بداءة‬badā’a beginning, start; first step,
without fail; by all means; ‫ لَ بد مَن‬it is first instance│ ‫ بداءة بدء‬badā’ata bad’in
necessary, inescapable, unavoidable, right at the outset, at the very beginning
inevitable, ‫ لَ بد له مَنه‬he simply must do it, ‫ بدائي‬budā’ī primitive
he can't get around it; ‫ مَن كل بد‬min kulli
buddin in any case, at any rate ‫ مَبدأ‬mabda' pl. ‫ مَبادئ‬mabādi’2
beginning, start, starting point; basis,
‫ اباديد‬abādīd 2 (pl.) scattered foundation; principle; invention; pl.
‫ تبديد‬tabdīd scattering, dispersal, principles, convictions (of a person);
dispersion; removal, elimination; waste, ideology; rudiments. fundamental
dissipation concepts, elements│ ‫كتب المبادئ‬kutub al-m.
elementary books 44
‫ استبداد‬istibdād arbitrariness, high-
handedness; despotism; autocracy; ‫ مَبدئي‬mabda’ī original, initial;
absolutism fundamental, basic; ‫ مَبدئيا‬mabda’īyan
originally; in principle
‫ استبدادي‬istibdādī arbitrary, highhanded,
autocratic, despotic; ‫ استبداديات‬istibdādīyāt ‫ ابتدائي‬ibtidā’ī beginning, start; novitiate
arbitrary acts (Chr.)│ ‫ ابتداء مَن‬ibtidā’an min from,
beginning ... , as of (with foll. date)
‫ مَبدد‬mubaddid scatterer, disperser;
squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift ‫ ابتدائي‬ibtidā’ī initial; preparatory,
elementary, primary; of first instance
‫ مَستبد‬mustabidd arbitrary, highhanded,
(jur.); original, primitive│‫مَحكمة ابتدائية‬
autocratic, tyrannical, despotic; autocrat,
(maḥkama) court of first instance; ‫التعليم‬
tyrant, despot│‫( مَستبد برأيه‬bira’yihī)
‫ الَبتدائى‬elementary education; ‫مَدرسة ابتدائية‬
opinionated, obstinate, headstrong
(madrasa) lower grades of a high school,
‫ بدأ‬bada’a a (‫ بدأ‬bad’) to begin, start (‫ ب‬or ‫في‬ approx.: junior high school (as
with s.th., ‫ هـ‬s.th.; ‫ ه‬with s.o.; with foll. distinguished from ‫شهادة ابتدائية ;)ثانوية‬
imperf.: to do s.th. or doing s.th. (šahāda) approx.: junior high school
respectively); to set in, begin, start, arise, graduation certificate
spring up, crop up II to put (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫على‬
‫ بادئ‬bādi’ beginning, starting│ ‫بادئ المَر‬
before s.th. else), give precedence or
badi'a l-amr and ‫ في بادئ المَر‬in the
priority (‫ هـ‬to s.th., ‫ على‬over s.th. else) III
beginning, at first; ‫ في بادئ الرأي‬right away,
to begin, start (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ه‬with regard to
without thinking twice, unhesitatingly;
s.o.), make the first step, take the initiative
‫ بادئ ذي بدء‬badi’a dī bad’in above all, first
or lead (‫ ب‬in s.th., ‫ ه‬toward s.o.) e.g., ‫بادأه‬
of all, in the first place, primarily; ‫البادئ‬
‫( بالكلم‬kalām) to accost s.o., speak first to
‫ ذكره‬al-badi’u dikruhu (the person or
s.o. IV to do or produce first (‫ هـ‬s.th.).
thing) mentioned at the outset, the first-
bring out (‫ هـ‬s.th. new)│ ‫مَا يبدئ ومَا يعيد‬mā
mentioned
yubdi’u wa-mā yu‘īd he can't think of a
blessed thing to say; ‫ يبدئ ويعيد‬he says or ‫ مَبتدئ‬mubtadi’ beginning; beginner;
does everything conceivable VIII to begin, novice (Chr.)
start (‫ ب‬with s.th.) ‫ مَبتدأ‬mubtada' beginning, start; (gram.)
‫ بدء‬bad’ beginning, start│‫ مَنذ البدء‬from subject of 8 nominal clause
the (very) beginning; ‫‘( فعله عودا وبدءا‬audan 1
‫ بدر‬badara u to come unexpectedly, by
wa-bad’an) ‫‘( عوده على بدئه‬audahū ‘alā surprise; to escape (‫ مَن‬s.o.; e.g., words in
bad’ihī) or ‫( عودا الى بدء‬ilā bad’in) he did it excitement) III to come to s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind,
all over again, he began anew occur to s.o. (t) all of a sudden, strike s.o.
‫ بدأة‬bad’a, ‫ بديئة‬badī’a, ‫ بداية‬bidāya (idea, notion); to embark, enter (‫ الى‬upon
beginning, start│‫ في بداية المَر‬in the s.th.) or set out (‫ الى‬to do s.th.) without
beginning, at first delay; to rush, hurry (‫ الى‬to s.o., to a
place); to hurry up (", with s.th.), ‫بادر الى‬
with foll. verbal noun: to do s.th.
promptly, without delay, hasten to do s.th.; ‫ بدعة‬bid‘a pl. ‫ بدع‬bida‘ innovation.
to fall upon s.o (‫ )ه‬with (‫)ب‬, accost, assail, novelty; heretical doctrine, heresy; pl.
surprise (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with s.th.; e.g., ‫بادره بكلم‬ creations (of fashion, of art)│ ‫ اهل البدع‬ahl
‫ غليظ‬to snap rudely at s.o.); to react, al-b. heretics
respond (‫ الى‬to s.th.)│ ‫بادر الى انجاز الوعد‬ ‫ بديع‬badi', ‫ بدع‬bud‘ unprecedented,
(injāzi l-wa‘d) to set out to fulfill a marvelous, wonderful, amazing,
promise VI ‫( تبادر الى الذهن‬dihn) to suggest admirable, singular, unique; creator│ ‫علم‬
itself strongly, be obvious; to appear at ‫‘ البديع‬ilm al-b. the art or science of
first glance as if (‫تبادر الى ذهني أن ;)أن‬ metaphors and (in general) of good style
(dihnī) it occurred to me all of a sudden
that ... ; ‫( تبادر الى الفهم‬fahm) to be ‫ بديعة‬badī‘a pl. ‫ بدائع‬badā’i‘2 an
immediately understood VIII to hurry, astonishing, amazing thing, a marvel, a
rush, hasten (‫ هـ‬to); to get ahead of s.o. (‫)ه‬, wonder; original creation
anticipate, forestall (‫ ه‬s.o.)│‫ابتدرها قائل‬ ‫ بديعي‬badī‘ī rhetorical
before she could say a word he
exclaimed ... ‫ ابدع‬abda‘2 more amazing, more
exceptional; of even greater originality
‫ بدر‬badr, pl. ‫ بدور‬budūr full moon
‫ ابداع‬ibdā‘ creation, fashioning, shaping;
‫ بدرة‬badra pl. badarāt, ‫ بدار‬bidār huge a marvelous, unique achievement;
amount of money (formerly = 10,000 uniqueness, singularity, originality;
dirhams)│‫ بدرات المَوال‬enormous sums of creative ability
money
O ‫ ابداعي‬ibdā‘ī romantic (lit.)
‫ بدار‬badārī hurry! quick!
O ‫ ابداعية‬ibdā‘īya romanticism (lit.)
‫ مَبادرة‬mubādara undertaking, enterprise
‫ مَبدع‬mubdi‘ producing, creating;
‫ بادرة‬bādira pl. ‫ بوادر‬bawadir2 herald, creative; creator; exceptional, unique,
harbinger, precursor, forerunner, first outstanding (in an achievement, esp. of an
indication, sign; unforeseen act; stirring, artist)
impulse, fit (e.g., of rage); blunder,
mistake; ‫ بوادر‬stirrings, impulses│‫بادرة خير‬ ‫ مَبتدع‬mubtadi‘ innovator; creator; heretic
b. ḳairin a good, or generous, impulse ‫ بيدق‬look up alphabetically
2 2
‫ بيدر‬baidar pl. ‫ بيادر‬bayādir threshing floor ‫ بدل‬badala u to replace (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. by),
‫ بدروم‬and ‫( بدرون‬Turk. bodrum) badrūm, exchange (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. for) II to change, alter
badrūn pl. -āt basement (‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. to), convert (‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. into); to
substitute (‫ هـ‬for s.th., ‫ ب‬or ‫ مَن‬s.th.),
‫ بدع‬bada‘a a (bad‘) to introduce, originate, exchange, give in exchange (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬or
start, do for the first time (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be the ‫ مَن‬for); to change (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to exchange
first to do s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to devise, contrive, (‫ هـ ه‬with s.o. s.th.) IV to replace (‫ ب هـ‬s.th.
invent (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to accuse of heresy (‫ه‬ by), exchange (‫ ب هـ‬for s.th. s.th. else); to
s.o.) IV = I; to create (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to achieve compensate (‫ هـ ب ه‬s.o. for s.th. with s.th.
unique, excellent results (‫ في‬in); to be else), give s.o. (‫ )ه‬s. th. (‫ )هـ‬in exchange
amazing, outstanding (‫ في‬in s.th.) VIII to for (‫ )ب‬V to change; to be exchanged VI
invent, contrive, devise, think up (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to exchange (‫ هـ‬s.th., also words, views,
X to regard as novel, as unprecedented (‫هـ‬ greetings) X to exchange, receive in
s.th.) exchange, trade, barter (‫ ب هـ‬and ‫ هـ ب‬s.th.
‫ بدع‬bad‘ innovation, novelty; creation│ for); to replace (‫ هـ ب‬and ‫ هـ ب‬s.th. by),
‫ بدعا وعودا‬bad‘an wa-‘audan repeatedly 45 substitute (‫ ب هـ‬and ‫ هـ ب‬for s.th. s.th. else)
‫ بدع‬bid‘ pl. ‫ ابداع‬abdā‘ innovator; new, ‫ بدم‬badal pl. ‫ ابدال‬abdāl substitute,
original; unprecedented, novel│‫ لَ بدع‬lā alternate, replacement; equivalent.
bid‘a no wonder! ‫ لَ بدع ان‬lā bid‘a an no compensation, setoff; reimbursement,
wonder that ... ; ‫ بدع مَن‬s.th. else than; recompense, allowance; price. rate;
unlike, different from (gram.) appositional substantive standing
for another substantive│‫ بدل الجراية‬b. al- ‫ بدن‬badan pl. ‫ ابدان‬abdān, ‫ ابدن‬abdun
jirāya allowance for food; ‫ بدل السفرية‬b. as- body, trunk, torso
safarīya travel allowance; ‫بدل الَشتراك‬ ‫ بدني‬badani bodily, corporal, physical,
subscription rate; ‫ بدل التمثيل‬expense somatic
account, expense allowance
‫ بدانة‬badāna corpulence, obesity
‫ بدل‬badala (prep.) inetead of, in place
of, in lieu of ‫ بدين‬badīn pl. ‫ بدن‬budun stout, corpulent,
fat, obese
‫ بدلَ مَن‬badalan min in place of, instead
of, in lieu of ‫ بدونة‬budūna corpulence, obesity
‫ بدلة‬badla pl. badalāt, ‫ بدل‬bidal suit (of ‫ بادن‬bādin pl. ‫ بدن‬budn stout, corpulent,
clothes); costume│‫ بدلة الحمام‬b. al- fat, obese
ḥammām bathing suit; ‫( بدلة رسمية‬rasmīya) ‫ بده‬badaha a to come, descend suddenly
uniform; ‫( بدلة تشريفاتية‬tašrīfātīya) full- (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), befall unexpectedly (‫ ه‬s.o.);
dreas uniform to surprise (‫ ه‬s.o.) with s.th. (‫ )ب‬III to
‫ بدلية‬badalīya compensation, smart appear suddenly, unexpectedly (‫ ب ه‬before
money s.o. with s.th.) VIII to extemporize,
improvise, do offhand, on the spur of the
‫ بدال‬badāla (prep.) instead of, ‫بدال مَا‬ moment (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
(conj.) instead of (being, doing, etc.)
‫ بداهة‬badāha spontaneity, spontaneous
‫ بديل‬badīl pl. ‫ بدلَء‬budalā’ 2 substitute, occurrence, impulse; simple, natural way,
alternate (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬for); stand-in, double naturalness, matter-of-factness; ‫بداهة‬
(theat.); (f. ‫ )ة‬serving as a replacement or badāhatan and ‫ بالبداهة‬all by itself,
substitute│ ‫( مَفرزة بديلة‬mafraza) reserve spontaneously
detachment (mil.)
‫ بديهة‬badīha s.th. sudden or unexpected;
‫ بدال‬baddāl grocer; money-changer improvisation; impulse, inspiration,
‫ بدالة‬baddāla culvert; pipeline; telephone spontaneous intuition; intuitive
exchange, central understanding or insight, empathy,
instinctive grasp, perceptive faculty│ ‫على‬
□ ‫ مَبادل‬mabādil2 see ‫بدل‬
‫ البداهية‬all by itself, spontaneously; offhand;
‫ تبديل‬tabdīl change, alteration 46 ‫ حاضر البديهة‬quick-witted, quick at
‫ مَبادلة‬mubādala pl. -āt exchange│ ‫مَبادلَت‬ repartee; ‫ بديهة حاضرة‬presence of mind
‫( تجارية‬tijārīya) commercial exchange, ‫ بديهي‬badīhī and ‫ بدهي‬badahī intuitive,
trade relations self-evident, a priori (adj.)
‫ ابدال‬ibdāl exchange, interchange, ‫ بديهية‬badīhīya pl. -āt an axiom, a
replacement (‫ ب‬by), substitution (‫ ب‬of); fundamental or self-evident truth; truism,
change; phonetic change commonplace, platitude
‫ تبدل‬tabaddul change, shift, turn; ‫ بدائه‬badii'ih' fundamental or selfevident
transformation; transmutation, conversion truths
‫ تبادل‬tabādul (mutual) exchange│ ‫تبادل‬ (‫ بدا )بدو‬badā u to appear, show, become
‫ السلم‬t. as-salam exchange of greetings, ‫تباد‬ evident, clear, plain or manifest, come to
‫ ل الخواطر‬thought transference, telepathy light; to be obvious; to seem good,
‫ استبدال‬istibdāl exchange, replacement, acceptable, proper (‫ ل‬to s.o.) III to shaw,
substitution display, evince, manifest, reveal, declare
openly│‫‘( بادى بالعداوة‬adāwa) to show open
‫ مَبدل‬mubdil: ‫ مَبدل الَسطوانات‬m. al- hostility IV to disclose, reveal, manifest,
usṯuwānāt automatic record changer show, display, evince (‫ هـ‬s.th.), to
‫ مَتبادل‬mutabādil mutual, reciprocal demonstrate, bring out, bring to light,
make visible (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to express, utter,
‫ بدن‬baduna u and badana u to be fat, corpulent voice (‫ هـ‬s.th.)│ ‫( ابدى رأيه في‬ra'yahū) to
express one's opinion about; ‫ابدى رغبة‬ ‫ بذر‬badara u (badr) to sow, disseminate (‫هـ‬
(ragbatan) to expreas a wish or desire V = s.th., seed, also fig. = to spread) II to
I, to live in the desert VI to pose as a waste, squander, dissipate (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
Bedouin ‫ بذر‬badr pl. ‫ بذور‬budūr, ‫ بذار‬bidār seeds,
‫ بدو‬badw desert; nomads, Bedouins seed; seedling; pl. ‫ بذور‬pips, pits, stones
(of fruit)
‫ بدوي‬badawī Bedouin, nomadic; rural (as
distinguished from urban); a Bedouin ‫ بذرة‬badra (n. un.) a seed, a grain; pip,
pit, stone (of fruit); germ; (fig.) germ cell
‫ بدوية‬badawīya pl. -āt Bedouin woman,
(of a development, and the like)
Bedouin girl
‫ بذار‬bidār seedtime
‫ بداة‬badaJl pl. ‫ بدوات‬badawāt whim,
caprice; ill-humor ‫ تبذير‬tabdīr waste, squandering,
dissipation
‫ بداوة‬badāwa and bidāwa desert life,
Bedouin life; Bedouinism, nomadism 47 ‫ مَبذر‬mubaddir squanderer, wastrel,
spendthrift
‫ بيداء‬baidā’2 desert, steppe, wilderness,
wild ‫ بيذق‬look up alphabetically
‫ ابداء‬ibdā’ expression, manifestation, ‫ بذل‬badala i u (badl) to give or spend freely,
declaration generously (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to sacrifice (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to expend (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to offer, grant (‫هـ‬
‫ باد‬bādin apparent, evident, obvious,
s.th.)│ ‫( بذل جهده‬jahdahū) to take pains; ‫بذل‬
plain, visible; inhabiting the desert; pl. ‫بداة‬
‫ مَجهودا‬do.; ‫( بذل كل مَساعدة‬kulla
budāh Bedouins
musā‘adatin) to grant every assistance; ‫بذل‬
‫ بادية‬bādiya desert, semidesert, steppe; ‫ المساعى‬to make efforts; ‫ بذل الطاعة ل‬to obey
peasantry; (pl. ‫ بواد‬bawādin) nomads, s.o., defer to s.o.; ‫( بذل كل غال‬kulla gālin)
Bdouins and ‫ بذل الغالى والرخيص في سبيل‬to spare no
‫ بداية‬bidāya = ‫بداءة‬ effort, go to any length, give everything,
pay any price for or in order to; ‫بذل مَاء‬
‫ بذ‬badda u (badd) to get the better of (‫)ه‬, beat, ‫( وجهه‬mā’a wajhihī) to sacrifice one's
surpass (s.o.) honor; (‫ عن فلان‬or) ‫ بذل نفسه دون فلن‬to
‫ بذ‬badd and bādd slovenly, untidy, sacrifice o.s. for s.o.; ‫( بذل وسعه‬wus‘ahū) to
shabby, filthy, squalid do one’s utmost, do one’s best V to fritter
away one’s fortune, be over-generous; to
‫ بذاذة‬badāda slovenliness, untidiness, prostitute o.s. (woman); to display
shabbiness, dirtiness, filth common, vulgar manners VIII to wear out
‫ بذأ‬bada’a a to revile, abuse (‫ على‬s.o.), rail ( in common service, make trite, vulgar,
‫ على‬at s.o.); -- ‫ بذئ‬badi’a a, ‫ بذؤ‬badu’a u to commonplace, to hackney (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
be obscene, bawdy abuse (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to express o.s. in a vulgar
manner, use vulgar language; ‫ ابتذل نفسه‬to
‫ بذئ‬badī’ disgusting, loathsome,
degrade o.s. demean o.s., sacrifice one's
nauseous, foul, dirty, obscene, bawdy,
dignity
ribald
‫ بذل‬badl giving, spending; sacrifice,
‫ بذاء‬badā’ and ‫ بذاءة‬badā’a obscenity,
surrender, abandonment; expenditure;
ribaldry, foulness (of language); disgust,
offering, granting
loathing, aversion, contempt
‫ بذلة‬badla suit (of clothes)
‫ بذخ‬badaḳa a to be haughty, proud
‫ مَبذل‬mibdal pl. ‫ مَباذل‬mabādil2 slipper; pl.
‫ بذخ‬badaḳ luxury, pomp, splendor;
‫ مَباذل‬casual clothing worn around home│
haughtiness, pride
‫ فلن في مَباذله‬so-and-so in his private life
‫ باذخ‬bādiḳ pl. ‫ بواذخ‬bawādiḳ2 high, lofty;
‫ ابتذال‬ibtidāl triteners, commonness,
proud, haughty
commonplaceness; banality; debasement,
degradation
‫ باذل‬bādil spender 48 ‫ برانى‬barrānī outside, outer, exterior,
external; foreign, alien
‫ مَتبذل‬mutabaddil vulgar, common
‫ بر‬burr wheat
‫ مَبتذل‬mubtadal trite, hackneyed, banal,
1
common, vulgar; everyday, commonplace ‫ برأ‬bara’a a (‫ برء‬bar’) to create (‫ هـ‬s.th., said
(adj.) of God)
2
‫ بر‬barra (1st pers. perf. barirtu, barartu) a I ‫ برء‬bar’ creation
(birr) to be reverent, dutiful, devoted; to ‫ برية‬barīya pl. -āt, ‫ برايا‬barāyā creation
be kind (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬to s.o.); to be charitable, (= that which is created); creature; see
beneficent, do good (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to obey (‫ه‬ also 2 ‫بر‬.
s.o., esp. God); to treat with reverence, to
honor (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬the parents); to be honest, ‫~ البارى‬J~I aI-bari' the Creator (God)
truthful; to be true, valid (sworn 2
‫ برئ‬bari’a a (‫ براءة‬barā’a) to be or become
statement); to keep (‫ ب‬a promise, an oath) free, be cleared (‫ مَن‬from, esp. from guilt
II to warrant, justify, vindicate; to acquit, blame, etc., ‫ الى‬toward s.o.); to recover (‫مَن‬
absolve, exonerate, exculpate, clear (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ from an illness) II to free, clear, acquit,
s.o., s.th.)│ ‫( برر وجهه‬wajhahū) to justify absolve, exculpate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ مَن‬from
o.s. by IV to carry out, fulfill (‫ هـ‬s.th., a suspicion, blame, guilt)│ ‫برأ ساحة الرجل‬
promise, an oath) V to justify o.s.; to be (sāḥata r-rajul) he acquitted the man IV to
justified acquit, absolve, discharge, exculpate (‫ه‬
‫ بر‬birr reverence, piety; righteousness, s.o.); to cause to recover, cure, heal (‫ه‬
probity; godliness, devoutness; kindness; s.o.)│ ‫( ابرأ ذمَته‬dimmatahū) to clear s.o. or
charitable gift o.s. from guilt, exonerate s.o. or o.s. V to
clear o.s. (‫ مَن‬from suspicion, from a
‫ بر‬barr and ‫ بار‬bārr pl. ‫ ابرار‬abrār and ‫بر‬ charge), free o.s. (‫ مَن‬from responsibility,
‫ رة‬barara reverent, dutiful (‫ ب‬toward), etc.), rid o.s. (‫ مَن‬of); to declare o.s.
devoted (‫ ب‬to); pious, godly, upright, innocent, wash one’s hands (‫ مَن‬of); to be
righteous.; kind acquitted X to restore to health, cure, heal
‫ مَبرة‬mabarra pl. -āt and ‫ مَبار‬mabar2 (‫ ه‬s.o.); to free o.s. (‫ مَن‬from), rid o.s. (‫مَن‬
good deed, act of charity, benefaction; of)
philanthropic organization; charitable ‫ برء‬bur’ and burū’ convalescence,
institution, home or hospital set up with recovery
private funds
‫ برئ‬barī’ pl. ‫ ابرياء‬abriyā’2, ‫ براء‬burā’,
‫ تبرير‬tabrīr justification, vindication birā’ free, exempt (‫ مَن‬from), devoid (‫مَن‬
‫ بار‬bārr reverent, faithful and devoted; of); guiltless, innocent; guileless,
see also under ‫ بر‬barr above harmless; healthy, sound 49
‫ مَبرور‬mabrūr (accepted into the grace of ‫ براء‬barā’ free, exempt (‫ مَن‬from)│ ‫ذمَته‬
the Lord, i.e.) blessed (said of a deceased ‫( براء مَن‬dimmatuM) he is innocent of ...
person) ‫ براءة‬barā’a being free; disavowal,
‫ مَبرر‬mubarrir pl. -āt justification; withdrawal; innocence, guiltlessness;
excuse│‫( لَ مَبرر له‬mubarrira) unjustifiable naiveté, guilelessness, artlessness; (pl. -āt)
2 license, diploma, patent│ ‫براءة اختراع‬
‫ بر‬barr land (as opposed to sea), terra firma,
patent on an invention; ‫براءة التنفيذ‬
mainland; open country; ‫ برا‬barran out,
exequatur (a written authorization of a
outside│ ‫ برا وبحرا‬barran wa-baḥran by
consular officer, issued by the government
land and sea
to which he is accredited); ‫ براءة الثقة‬b. at-
‫ برى‬barrī terrestrial, land (adj.); wild (of tiqa (Tun.) credentials (dipl.); ‫على براءة‬
plants and animals)│ ‫سيارة برية مَائية‬ harmless; without guilt, innocent
(sayyāra, mā’īya) amphibious vehicle
‫ تبرئة‬tabri’a freeing, exemption;
ā‫ برية‬barrīya pl. ‫ برارى‬barāarīy open acquittal, absolution, discharge,
country, steppe, desert; see also 1 ‫برأ‬ exoneration
‫ مَبارأة‬mubāra’a mubarat, divorce by ‫ برتقال‬burtuqāl, ‫ برتقان‬burtuqān orange
mutual consent of husband and wife, ‫ برتقالى‬burtuqālī, ‫ برتقانى‬burtuqānī
either of them waiving all claims by way orange, orange-colored
of compensation (Isl. Law)
‫ برثن‬burtun, pl. ‫ براثن‬barātin claw, talon
‫ ابراء‬ibrā’ acquittal, absolution, release;
1
release of a debtor from his liabilities, ‫ برج‬V to display, show, play up her charms
remission of debt (Isl. Law) (woman); to adorn herself, make herself
pretty (woman)
‫ استبراء‬istibrā’: ‫ استبراء الحمل‬ist. al-ḥamal
2
the ceremony of selecting and purifying ‫ برج‬burj pl. ‫ بروج‬burūj, ‫ ابراج‬abrāj tower;
the Host before Mass (Copt.-Chr.) castle; sign of the zodiac│ ‫ برج الحمام‬b. al-
ḥamām pigeon house, dovecot; ‫ برج المياه‬b.
‫ براجواى‬baraguwāy Paraguay al-miyāh water tower
‫ البرازيل‬al-bərāzīl Brazil 2
‫ بارجة‬bārija pl. ‫ بوارج‬bawārij warship,
‫( براسيرى‬Fr. brasserie) brāseri beer parlor, battleship; barge
taproom 1
‫لعب البرجاس‬la‘b al-birjās a kind of equestrian
‫ براغ‬Prague contest, joust, tournament
2
‫( برافان‬Fr. paravent) baravān folding screen ‫ البرجيس‬al-birjīs Jupiter (astron.)
‫ براهما‬bərahmā Brahma ‫ برجل‬barjal pl. ‫ براجل‬barāhil2 compass, (pair
of) dividers 50
‫ بربة‬birba and ‫ بربا‬birbā pl. ‫ برابى‬barābī
ancient Egyptian temple, temple ruins ‫ برجمة‬burjuma pl. ‫ براجم‬barājim2 knuckle,
doting back to ancient Egypt (eg.); finger joint
labyrinth, maze ‫ برح‬bariḥa a (‫ براح‬barāḥ) to leave (‫ هـ‬or ‫ مَن‬a
2
‫ بربخ‬barbaḳ pl. ‫ برابخ‬barābiḳ water pipe, drain, place, ‫ الى‬for), depart (‫ هـ‬from, ‫ الى‬on one’s
culvert, sewer pipe way to); with neg.: to continue to be (= ‫زا‬
‫ مَا برح في│)ل‬he is still in ... ; ‫مَا برح غنيا‬
‫ بربر‬barbara to babble noisily (e.g., a large
(ganīyan) he is still rich; ‫( برح الخفاء‬ḳafā’)
crowd), jabber, mutter, prattle
the matter hall come out, has become
‫ البربر‬al-barbar the Berbers generally known; ‫ غدا وبرح‬to come and go
‫ بربرى‬barbarī Berber (adj.); barbaric, II to beset, harass, trouble, molest (‫ ب‬s.o.)
uncivilized; -- (pl. ‫ برابرة‬barābira) a III to leave (‫ هـ‬a place, ‫ الى‬for), depart (‫هـ‬
Berber; a barbarian from, ‫ الى‬on one's way to)

‫ بربرية‬barbarīya barbar(ian)ism, ‫ براح‬departure; cessation, stop; a wide,


barbarity, savagery, cruelty empty tract of land, vast expanse, vastness;
‫ براحا‬barāḥan openly and plainly, patently
‫ مَتبربر‬mutabarbir barbaric, uncivilized
‫ تباريح‬tabārīh2 agonies, torments (e.g., of
‫ بربيس‬look up alphabetically longing, of passion)
‫ بربيش‬barbīš (syr.) tube (of a narghile, of an ‫ مَبارحة‬mubāraḥa departure
enema, etc.)
‫ بارح‬bāriḥ (showing the left side. i.e.)
‫ بربط‬barbata to splash, paddle, dabble (in ill-boding, inauspicious, ominous (as
water) opposed to ‫ البارح ;)سانح‬al-bāriḥa yesterday
‫( بربونى‬It. barbone) barbūnī, also ‫ بربون‬red ‫ البارحة‬al-bāriḥata yesterday│ ‫الليلة‬
mullet (Mullus barbatus; zool.) ‫( البارحة‬lailata) last night; ‫اول البارحة‬
‫ بربى‬see ‫بربة‬ awwala l-b. the day before yesterday. two
days ago
‫ بربيس‬barbīs barbel (zool.)
‫ مَبرح‬mubarriḥ, violent, intense,
‫ برتغال‬burtugāl Portugal excruciating, agonizing (esp., of pains)
‫ برتغالى‬burtugālī Portuguese
3
‫ مَبرح به‬mubarraḥ bihi stricken. afflicted, ‫ برد‬burd pl. ‫ ابراد‬abrād garment
tormented ‫ بردة‬burda Mohammed's outer garment
1
‫ برد‬barada u to be or become cold; to ‫ برداية‬burdāya curtain, drape 51
cool, cool off (also fig.); to feel cold; to
4
cool, chill (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to soothe. alleviate (‫هـ‬ ‫ برد‬IV to send by mail, to mail (‫ هـ‬a letter)
pain); -- baruda to be or become cold II to ‫ بريد‬barīd post, mail│‫( البريد الجوى‬jawwī)
make cold (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to refrigerate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); air mail
to cool, chill (‫ هـ‬s.th., also fig.); to soothe,
alleviate (‫ هـ‬pain) V to refresh o.s., cool ‫ بريدى‬barīdī postal; messenger, courier;
o.s. off; to be soothed, be alleviated VIII to mailman
become cold, cool off 5
‫ بارود‬look up alphabetically
‫ برد‬bard coldness, chilliness, coolness; 6
‫ بردى‬bardī, burdī papyrus (bot.)
cooling; alleviation; cold, catarrh
‫ بردية‬bardīya pl. -āt papyrus│‫علم البرديات‬
‫ برد‬barad hail, ‫ بردة‬barada (n. un.) ‘ilm al-b. papyrology
hailstone
‫ برداق‬bardāq pl. ‫ براديق‬barādīq2 jug, pitcher
‫ برود‬barūd collyrium
‫ لعب البردج‬la‘b al-b. bridge (game)
‫ برود‬burūd coldness, coolness,
chilliness; emotional coldness, frigidity ‫ بردخ‬bardaḳa to polish, burnish (‫ هـ‬s.th.)

‫ برودة‬burūda coldness, coolness, □ ‫بردعة = برذعة‬


chilliness; emotional coldness, frigidity│ ‫بردقان = برتقان‬
‫ برودة الدم‬b. ad-dam cold-bloodedness
‫ بردقوش‬bardaqūš (=‫ )مَردقوش‬marjoram
‫ بردية‬bardīya ague, feverish chill; see
‫( بردورة‬Fr. bordure) badūra curbstone, curb
also below
‫ برذعة‬barda‘a pl. ‫ براذع‬barādi‘2 saddle, pack-
‫ برداء‬buradā’ 2 ague, feverish chill
saddle (for donkeys and camels)
‫ برادة‬barrāda cold-storage plant;
‫ براذعى‬barādi‘ī maker of donkey saddle,
refrigerator, icebox
saddler
‫ تبريد‬tabrīd cooling, chilling; cold
‫ برذون‬birdaun pl. ‫ براذين‬barādīn2 work horse
storage, refrigeration; alleviation,
jade, nag
mitigation│‫ جهاد التبريد‬jahāz at-t. cold-
1
storage plant, refrigerator; ‫غرفة التبريد‬ ‫ برز‬baraza u to come out, show, appear, come
gurfat at-t. cold-storage room into view, emerge; to jut out, protrude,
stand out, be prominent (also fig.); to
‫ بارد‬bārid cold; cool, chilly; easy; weak;
surpass, excel (‫ على‬s.o.) II to cause to
stupid, inane, silly, dull; dunce,
come out, bring out, expose, show, set off,
blockhead│‫( الحرب الباردة‬ḥarb) the cold
accentuate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to excel, surpass ( ‫فى‬
war; ‫ غنيمة باردة‬an easy prey; ‫‘( عيش بارد‬aiš)
‫ على‬s.o. in), stand out (‫ فى‬for), distinguish
an easy life; ‫( حجة باردة‬ḥujja) a weak
o.s. (‫ في‬by) III to meet in combat or duel (‫ه‬
argument; ‫( تبغ بارد‬tibg) light, mild tobacco
s.o.); to compete in a contest (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
‫ مَبرد‬mubarrid cooling, refreshing; pl. IV to cause to come out, bring out,
-āt refreshments (beverages, etc.) expose, make manifest (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ مَبرد‬mubarrad cooled, chilled publish, bring out (‫ هـ‬a book, etc.); to
present, show (‫ هـ‬e.g., an identity card) V
2
‫ برد‬barada u to file (‫ هـ‬a piece of metal, etc.) to evacuate the bowels VI to vie, contend
‫ براد‬barrād fitter (of machinery) ‫ بروز‬burūz prominence, projection,
‫ برادة‬birāda fitter's trade or work protrusion
‫ برادة‬burāda iron filings ‫ براز‬birāz excrement, feces; competition,
contest, match (in sports); duel
‫ مَبرد‬mibrad pl. ‫ مَبارد‬mabcirid2 file, rasp
‫ بريزة‬buraiza (birēza; eg.) ten-piaster ‫ برشمجية‬buršamjīya riveting
coin 1
‫ برص‬bariṣa a (baraṣ) to be a leper
2
‫ ابرز‬abraz more marked, more ‫ برص‬burṣ wall gecko (Tarentola
distinctive; more prominent mauritanica, zool.)
‫ مَبارزة‬mubāraza competition, contest, ‫ برص‬baraṣ leprosy
match, esp. in sports; duel; fencing
‫ ابراص‬abraṣ2 leprous; leper│‫سام ابرص‬
‫ ابراز‬ibrāz bringing out, displaying, sāmm a. wall gecko
setting off, accentuation; production;
2
presentation ‫ برصة‬burṣa stock exchange
‫ بارز‬bāriz protruding, projecting, salient; ‫ برض‬baraḍa u (‫ بروض‬burūḍ) to germinate,
raised, embossed, in relief; marked, sprout (plant)
distinct, conspicuous; prominent ‫ برطوز‬barṯūz: ‫ برطوز البحرية‬b. a1-baḥrīya
(personality) forecastle, crew quarters (on a merchant
‫ مَبرز‬mubarriz surpassing (‫ على‬s.o.), vessel)
superior (‫ على‬to s.o.); winner. victor (in ‫ برطع‬barṯa‘a (‫ برطعة‬barṯa‘a) to gallop
contest)
‫ برطل‬barṯala (‫ برطلة‬barṯala) to bribe (‫ ه‬s.o.) II
‫ مَبارز‬mubāriz competitor, contender; tabarṯala to take bribes, be venal
combatant, fighter; fencer
2
‫ برطيل‬birṯīl pl. ‫ براطيل‬barāṯīl2 bribe
‫( بريز‬Fr. prise) brīz pl. -āt (plug) socket, wall- 1
plug, outlet (syr.); ‫ بريزة‬barīza pl. ‫برائز‬ ‫ برطم‬barṯama to rave, talk irrationally
barā’iz2 do. (eg.) ‫ برطوم‬burṯūm, barṯūm trunk of an
2
‫ ابريز‬look up alphabetically elephant
2
2
‫ برزان‬barazān trumpet ‫ برطمان‬barṯamān pl. -āt (syr. eg.) tall earthen
or glass vessel (for preserves, oil. etc.)
‫ برزخ‬barzaḳ pl. ‫ برازخ‬barāziḳ interval, gap,
break, partition, bar, obstruction; isthmus ‫ برع‬bara‘a a to surpass excel (‫ ه‬s.o.); (also
baru‘a u) to distinguish o.s., be skilful,
‫ برزوق‬burzūq sidewalk proficient V to contribute. Give, donate (‫ب‬
1
‫ برسام‬birsām pleurisy s.th.); to undertake (voluntarily, ‫ ب‬s.th.).
2 volunteer (‫ ب‬or), be prepared, willing (‫ب‬
‫ ابريسم‬look up alphabetically to do s.th.); to be ready, be on hand (‫ب‬
3
‫ برسيم‬birsīm clover, specif., berseem, Egyptian with)
clover (Trifolium alexandrinum bot.) ‫ براعة‬barā‘a skill, proficiency;
1
‫ برش‬burš pl. ‫ ابراش‬abrāš mat efficiency, capability, capacity
‫ ابرش‬abraš2 spotted, speckled 52 ‫ بروعة‬burū‘a superior skill, outstanding
1 proficiency
‫ برش‬look up alphabetically
‫ تبرع‬tabarru‘ pl. -āt gift, donation;
‫ برشت‬birišt: ‫( بيض برشت‬baiḍ) soft-boiled eggs
contribution
‫ برشلونة‬baršīlōna Barcelona (seaport in NE
‫ بارع‬bāri‘ skilled, skillful, proficient,
Spain)
capable. efficient; brilliant, outstanding
‫ برشم‬baršama to stare, gaze (‫ الى‬at s.th.); to (work of art)
rivet (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ برعم‬bar‘ama to bud, burgeon, sprout
‫ برشمة‬baršama riveting
‫ برعم‬bur‘um pl. ‫ براعم‬barā‘im2 and ‫برعوم‬
‫ برشام‬buršām and ‫( برشان‬n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt bur‘ūm pl. ‫ براعيم‬bard'im' bud, burgeon;
wafer; Host (Chr.) blossom, flower
‫ برشامَة‬buršāma rivet
‫ برشامَجى‬buršāmjī riveter
‫ برغوث‬burgūt pl. ‫ براغيث‬barāgīt2 f1ea; pl. ‫براغي‬ embellish (‫ هـ‬s.th.; ‫ قوله‬one’s speech) II
‫( ث‬syr.) small silver coins│ ‫ برغوث البحر‬b. tabargaša reflex. and pass. of I
a1-baḥr shrimp (zool.) ‫ برقش‬birqiš finch
‫ برغش‬bargaš (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬gnat(s), midge(s) ‫ برقش‬barqaša colorful medley, variety,
‫ برغل‬burgul cooked, parched and crushed variegation
wheat, served together with other food ‫ مَبرقش‬mubarqaš colorful, variegated,
(eg., syr.) many-colored
‫( برغى‬Turk. ‫ بورغى‬burğų) burgī pl. ‫براغى‬ ‫ برقع‬barqa‘a to veil, drape (‫هـ‬, s.o., s.th.) II
barāgī screw tabarqa‘a to put on a veil, veil o.s.
‫ برفير‬birfīr pl. ‫ برافير‬barāfīr2 purple ‫ برقع‬burqu‘ pl. ‫ براقع‬barāqi‘2 veil (worn
‫ بروفة‬look up alphabetically by women; long, leaving the eyes
1 exposed)
‫ برق‬baraqa u to shine, glitter, sparkle, flash│
‫( برقت السماء‬samā’u) there was lightning IV ‫ برقوق‬barqūq (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬plum
= I; to emit bolts of lightning (cloud); to 1
‫ برك‬baraka u to kneel down II and IV to make
flash up, light up; to brighten (face); to (‫ هـ‬the camel) kneel down II to invoke a
cable, wire, telegraph (‫ الى‬to) blessing (‫ على‬or ‫ فى‬on s.th., ‫ ل‬on s.th.) III
‫ برق‬barq pl. ‫ بروق‬burūq lightning; flash to bless (‫ فى‬or ‫ ه‬s.th., also ‫ ل‬or ‫)على‬, invoke
of lightning; telegraph│ ‫( برق خلب‬ḳullab) a blessing on; to give one's blessing (‫ هـ‬to
lightning without a downpour, used fig. s.th.), sanction (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be blessed (‫ب‬
e.g.. of s.o. given to making promises by); to enjoy (‫ ب‬s.th.), find pleasure,
without ever living up to them 53 delight (‫ ب‬in); to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ب‬blessing VI
to be blessed, be praised; ... ‫ تبارك‬tabāraka
‫ برقى‬barqī telegraphic, telegraph- (in
... God bless …! X to be blessed
compounds)
‫ بركة‬birka pl. ‫ برك‬birak pond, small lake;
‫ برقية‬barqīya pl. -āt telegram, wire, cable
puddle, pool│ ‫ بركة السباحة‬b. as-sibāḥa
‫ بريق‬barīq pl. ‫ برائق‬barā’iq2 glitter, shine, swimming pool
gloss, luster│‫( ذو بريق مَعدني‬ma‘dinī)
‫ بركة‬baraka pl. -āt blessing,
lustered, coated with metallic luster
benediction│ ‫قلة البركة‬qillat al-b.
‫ براق‬burāq Alborak, name of the misfortune, bad luck
creature on which Mohammed made his
‫ ابرك‬abrak2 more blessed
ascension to the seven heavens (‫)مَعراج‬
‫ تبريك‬tabrīk pl. -āt good wish; blessing,
‫ براق‬barrāq shining, lustrous, sparkling,
benediction
flashing, glittering, twinkling
‫ مَبارك‬mubārak blessed, fortunate, lucky
‫ مَبرق‬mabraq glitter, flash│‫فى مَبرق الصبح‬
2
fī m. iṣ-ṣbḥ with the first rays of the ‫ براريك‬barārīk2 (mor.) barracks
morning sun ‫ بركار‬birkār compass, (pair of) divideers
‫ بارق‬bāriq: ‫ بارق‬b. al-amal glimpse of ‫ بركان‬burkān pl. ‫ براكين‬barākīn2 volcano
hope
‫ بركانى‬burkānī volcanic
‫ بارقة‬bāriqa pl. ‫ بوارق‬bawāriq2 gleam,
twinkle ‫ برلمان‬barlamān parliament
‫ مَبرق‬mubriq: ‫ مَبرق كاتب‬teletype ‫ برلمانى‬barlamānī parliamentary
2
‫ البرقة‬al-barqa Cyrenaica (region of E Libya) ‫ برلمانية‬barlamānīya parliamentarianism
3
‫ ابريق‬look up alphabetically ‫( برلنتى‬It. brillante) brillantī brilliant, diamond
4
‫ استبرق‬look up alphabetically ‫ برلين‬barlīn Berlin
1
‫ برقش‬barqaša (‫ برقش‬barqš) to variegate, paint ‫ برم‬barima a (baram) to be or become weary,
or daub with many colors (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tired (‫ ب‬of), be fed up, be bored (‫ ب‬with),
find annoying, wearisome (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to ‫( برمَاننت‬Engl.) barmanant permanent wave│
feel annoyed (‫ ب‬by), be displeased (‫ب‬ ‫برمَاننت على البارد‬cold wave (in hair)
with); to be fed up (‫ ب‬with), be sick and ‫ برمَق‬barmaq pl. ‫ برامَق‬barāmiq2 baluster; spike
tired (‫ب‬of, also ‫ ;)مَن‬to be impatient, (of a wheel)
discontented, dissatisfied; to grieve, be
pained 54 ‫ برمَهات‬baramhāt the seventh month of the
Coptic calendar
‫ برم‬barim weary, tired (‫ ب‬of), disgusted (
‫ ب‬at, with); dissatisfied, discontented ‫ برمَنكهام‬Birmingham
‫ تبرم‬tabarrum weariness, boredom, ‫ برمَودة‬barmūda the eighth month of the Coptic
disgust; discontent, dissatisfaction; calendar
uneasiness, discomfort, annoyance ‫ برمَيل‬barmīl pl. ‫ برامَيل‬barāmīl2 barrel; keg,
‫ مَتبرم‬mutabarrim cross, peevish, vexed, cask; tun
annoyed ‫ برنية‬barnīya pl. ‫ برانى‬barānīy clay vessel
2
‫ برم‬barama u (barm) to twist, twine (‫ هـ‬a ‫ برنامَج‬barnāmaj pl. ‫ برامَج‬barāmij2 program,
rope); to shape (‫ هـ‬s.th.) round and long; to plan, schedule; roster, list, index;
roll up (‫ هـ‬the sleeves); to settle, establish, curriculum
confirm (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to twist, twine (‫ هـ‬a
rope); to settle, establish, confirm (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫ برنجك‬burunjuk gauze, crepe
to conclude (‫ هـ‬a pact); to confirm (‫ هـ‬a 1
‫ برنس‬burnus pl. ‫ برانس‬barānis2 (also ‫برنوس‬
judicial judgment); to ratify (‫ هـ‬a treaty, a barnūs, burnūs pl. ‫ برانيس‬baranīs2)
bill) VII to be settled, be established, be burnoose, hooded cloak; casula, chasuble
confirmed; to be twisted, be twined (of Coptic priests)│ ‫ برنس الحمام‬b. al-
‫ برامَة‬barrāma pl. -āt drilling machine ḥammām bathrobe
‫ بريم‬barīm rope; string, cord, twine ‫ برانسى‬barānisī pl. -īya maker of
burnooses
‫ بريمة‬barrīma pl. –āt drill, borer, gimlet, 2
‫ جبال البرانس‬jibāl al-barānis the Pyrenees
auger, bit; ○ corkscrew ‫برم‬
‫ برنس‬brins prince
○ ‫ بريمية‬barrīmīya spirochete ‫ برنسيسة‬brinsēsa princess
‫ ابرام‬ibrām settlement, establishment; ‫ برنط‬II tabarnaṯa to wear a hat
confirmation; conclusion (of a pact, etc.);
ratification│‫ مَحكمة النقض والَبرام‬maḥkamat ‫ برنطية‬burnaiṯa pl. -āt, ‫ برانيط‬barānīt2
an-naqḍ wa-l-i. Court of Cassation (Eg.) (European) hat (men’s and women’s);
lamp shade
‫ مَبروم‬mabrūm:○‫( سلك مَبروم‬silk) wire ‫ برهة‬burha pl. burahāt, ‫ بره‬burah a while, a
rope, cable time; short time; instant, moment; ‫برهة‬
‫ مَبرم‬mubram firm, strong; irrevocable, burllatan a little while│ ‫( برهتين‬after two
definitely established; confirmed, ratified│ moments =) in a short time
‫( قضاء مَبرم‬qaḍā’) inescapable fate; ‫بصورة‬ □ ‫ برهم‬barham (syr.) = ‫ مَرهم‬marham
‫ مَبرمَة‬irrevocably
‫ برهمن‬barahman pl. ‫ براهمة‬barāhima Brahman
3
‫ برمَة‬burma pl. ‫ برم‬buram, ‫ برام‬birām 55
earthenware pot
‫ برهمية‬barahmīya Brahmanism
‫ برمَا‬burmā Burma
‫ برهن‬barhana to prove, demonstrate (‫ على‬or ‫عن‬
‫ برمَائى‬barmā’ī amphibious│‫دبابة برمَائية‬ s.th.)
(dabbāba) amphibious tank (mil.) ‫ برهن‬burhān pl. ‫ براهين‬barāhīn2 proof
‫ برهنة‬barhana proving, demonstration
○ ‫ برمَائية‬barmā’īya amphibian ‫ بروة‬bawa waste, scrap
‫ بروتستانتي‬brotostantī Protestant; (pl. -ūn) a
Protestant
‫ بروتستانتية‬brotostantīya Protestantism ‫ بريطانيا‬barīṯāniyā, biriṯāniyā Britain, ‫بريطانيا‬
‫( الكبرى‬uẓmā) Great Britain
‫( بروتستو‬It. protesto) brotostō protest (of a bill
of exchange) ‫ بريطاني‬barīṯānī, biriṯānī British;
Britannic
‫ بورتوكول‬brotokōl protocol
1
‫ بز‬bazza u (bazz) to take away, steal, wrest,
‫ بروتون‬proton
snatch (‫ هـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.). rob, strip (‫هـ ه‬
‫ بوجرام‬brogrām program s.o. of s.th.); to defeat, beat, outstrip, excel
‫ بروجى‬burūjī pl. -īya trumpeter, bugler (‫ ه‬s.o.), triumph, be victorious (‫ ه‬over)
VIII to take away, steal, pilfer (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ بروز‬barwaza to frame take away, snatch (‫ هـ‬money, ‫ مَن‬from s.o.);
‫ برواز‬barwāz, birwāz pl. ‫ براويز‬barāwīz2 frame to rob, fleece (‫ ه‬s.o.)│‫ ابتز امَوال الناس‬to lift
money out of people’s pockets, relieve
‫( بروسيا‬It. Prussia) burūsiyā Prussia people of their money
‫ بروسي‬burūsī Prussian ‫ ابتزاز‬ibtizāz theft, robbery; fleecing,
‫ بروفة‬and ‫( بروﭬـة‬It. prova) brōva, brōfa pl. robbing (of s.o.)
-āt test. experiment; proof sheet; 2
‫ بز‬bazza u to bud, burgeon
rehearsal
‫ بز‬buzz, bizz pl. ‫ بزاز‬bizāz, ‫ ابزاز‬abzāz
‫( برونز‬Fr.) bronz bronze nipple, mammilla (of the female breast);
‫ برونزى‬bronzi bronze, bronzy│ ‫العصر‬ teat, female breast 56
‫‘( البرونزى‬aṣr) the Bronze Age 3
‫ بز‬bazz pl. ‫ بزوز‬buzūz linen; cloth, dry goods
1
‫ برى‬barā i (bary) to trim, shape (‫ هـ‬s.th.), nib ( ‫ بزة‬bizza clothing, clothes, attire;
‫ هـ‬a pen), sharpen (‫ هـ‬a pencil); to scratch uniform│‫( بزة رسمية‬rasmīya) uniform
off, scrape off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to exhaust, tire
out, wear out, emaciate, enervate (‫ ه‬s.o.), ‫ بزاز‬bazzāz draper, cloth merchant
sap the strength of (‫ )ه‬III to vie, compete (‫ه‬ ‫ بزازة‬bizāza cloth trade
with s.o.). try to outstrip (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to vie,
compete, contend, be rivals; to meet in a ‫ بزبوز‬bazbūz pl. ‫ بزابيز‬bazābīz2 nozzle, spout
contest, try each other’s strength (esp. in ‫ بزر‬bazara i (bazr) to sow
games and sports) VII to be trimmed, be
‫ بزر‬bizr pl. ‫ بزور‬buzūr seed(s); pl. ‫ابزار‬
nibbed, be sharpened; to defy, oppose (‫ل‬
abzār and ‫ ابازير‬abāzīr2 spice
s.o.); to undertake, take in hand (‫ ل‬s.th.),
set out to do s.th. (‫)ل‬, enter, embark (‫ل‬ ‫ بزرة‬bizra (n. un.) seed; kernel, pip, pit,
upon); to break forth (‫ مَن‬from); to get stone (of fruit); germ
going; to break out, lot fly, explode (with ‫ بزار‬bazzār seedsman
words, esp. in anger or excitement)
‫ بزيرة‬buzaira pl. -āt spore (bot.)
‫ برى‬baran dust, earth
‫ بزغ‬bazaga u to break forth, come out; to
‫ براية‬barrāya, ‫ براية الَفلم‬b. al-aqlām dawn (day); to rise (sun)
pencil sharpener
‫ بزوغ‬buzūg appearance, emergence; rise
‫ مَبراة‬mibrāh pocketknife (of the sun)
‫ مَباراة‬mubārāh pl. ‫ مَباريات‬mubārayāt ‫ بزق‬bazaqa u (bazq) to spit
contest tournament, match (in games and
sports); competition, rivalry ‫ بزاق‬buzāq spit, spittle, saliva
‫ اعط القوس باريها‬:‫ بار‬a‘ṯi l-qausa bāriyahā ‫ بزاقة‬bazzāqa snail; cobra
give the bow to him who knows how to ‫ مَبزقة‬mibzaqa pl. ‫ مَبازق‬mabāziq2
shape it, i.e. always ask an expert spittoon, cuspidor
‫ مَتبار‬mutabārin participant in a contest, 1
‫بزل‬bazala u (bazl) to split (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pierce
contestant, contender; competitor, rival (‫ هـ‬s.th.), make a hole (‫ هـ‬in); to tap,broach
2
‫ برية‬see 1‫ برأ‬and 2‫بر‬
(‫ هـ‬s.th.; a cask); to puncture, tap (‫ ه‬s.o.; s.th.); to unfold, unroll (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to grant,
med.); to clear, filter (‫ هـ‬a liquid) offer, present (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to submit, state, set
forth, expound, explain (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬or ‫على‬
‫ بزل‬bazl puncture, tapping, paracentesis
to s.o.); to flog (‫ ه‬s.o.; Nejd); to please
(med.)
delight (‫ ه‬s.o.)│ ‫( بسط ذراعيه‬dirā‘aihi) to
‫ بزال‬buzāl bung (of a cask) spread one’s arms; 57 ‫بسط يد المساعدة ل‬
‫ مَبزل‬mibzal pl. ‫ مَبازل‬mabazil 2 spile, (yada l-musā‘ada) to extend helping hand
spigot, tap; cock, faucet to s.o.; ‫ بسط المائدة‬to lay the table; -- basuṯa
2
u (‫ بساطة‬basāta) to be simple,
‫( بزلة‬It. piselli) bizilla and ‫ بزلا‬green peas openhearted, frank, candid II to spread,
‫ ابزيم‬ibzīm pl. ‫ ابازم‬abāzim2 buckle, clasp spread out, extend, expand (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
level, flatten (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to simplify, make
‫ بزمَوت‬bizmūt bismuth simple (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to set forth, state,
‫ بزنطى‬bizanṯī Byzantine expound, explain; to be sincere (‫ ب ه‬with
s.th. about or in s.th.), confess frankly (‫ب ه‬
‫ باز‬bāzin pl. ‫ بزاة‬buzāh, ‫ بواز‬bawāzin, ‫بيزان‬
to s.o. s.th.) V to be spread, be unrolled,
bīzān falcon
be spread out, be extended; to speak at
‫ بس‬bass and ‫ بسة‬bassa pl. ‫ بساس‬bassās cat great length (‫ فى‬about), enlarge (‫ فى‬on),
‫ بسأ‬basa’a a (‫ بسء‬bas’) to treat amicably (‫ب‬ treat exhaustively, expound in detail (‫ فى‬a
s.o.); to be intimate, be on familiar terms ( theme); to be friendly, communicative,
‫ ب‬with) sociable, behave unceremoniously, be
completely at ease│ ‫ تبسط في الحديث‬to talk
‫ بسارابيا‬besārābiyā Bessarabia freely, without formality VII to spread,
‫ بسباس‬basbās, ‫ بسباسة‬basbāsa (eg.) mace (bot.); extend, expand (intr.); to be glad, be
(magr.) fennel delighted, be or become happy
‫ بسبوسة‬basbāsa (eg.) pastry made of ‫ بسط‬basṯ, extension, spreading,
flour, melted butter, sugar and oil unrolling, unfolding; presentation,
statement, explanation, exposition;
‫( بستيلية‬Fr.) bastīliya pastilles, lozenges cheering, delighting, delectation;
1
‫ بستان‬bustān pl. ‫ بساتين‬basātīn2 garden amusement; (Eg.) numerator (of a
fraction)│ ‫ بسط اليد‬b. al-yad avarice, greed,
‫ بستانى‬bustānī gardener; garden (adj.);
cupidity
horticultural
‫ بسطة‬basṯa extension, extent, expanse;
‫ بستنة‬bastana gardening, horticulture
size, magnitude; skill, capability, abilities;
2
‫( بستون‬Fr. piston) bistōn, ‫( بستن‬Engl.) bistan excess, abundance; (pl. -āt) statement,
pl. ‫ بساتن‬basātin2 piston exposition, presentation; -- (pl. ‫ بساط‬bisāṯ)
3
‫( بستون‬It. bastone) bastūnī spades (suit of landing (of staircase); estrade, dais,
playing cards) platform (eg.)

‫ بسخة‬basḳa Easter; Passion Week (Chr.) ‫ بساط‬bisāṯ pl. -āt, ‫ ابسطة‬absiṯa, ‫ بسط‬busuṯ
carpet, rug│ ‫ بساط الرحمة‬b. ar-raḥma
‫ بسر‬basara u (‫ بسور‬busūr) to scowl, frown; -- winding sheet, shroud; ‫ وضع( مَسألة‬or) ‫طرح‬
basara u (basr) and VIII to begin too ‫( على بساط البحث‬mas‘alata, baḥtan) to raise
early (‫ هـ‬with), take premature action, be a question, bring a question on the carpet,
rash (‫ هـ‬in s.th.) also ‫( على بساط المناقشة‬b. il-munāqaša) for
‫ بسر‬busr (n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ بسار‬bisār unripe discussion; ‫ طوى البساط بما فيه‬to bring the
dates matter to an end, settle it once and for all
‫ باسور‬bāsūr pl. ‫ بواسير‬bawāsīr2 ‫ بسيط‬basīṯ pl. ‫ بسطاء‬busaṯā’2 simple;
hemorrhoids plain, uncomplicated; slight, little, modest,
inconsiderable, trivial, trifling; ‫ البسيط‬name
‫ بسط‬basaṯ u (basṯ) to spread, spread out (‫هـ‬ of a poetical meter; pl. ‫ بسطاء‬simple souls),
s.th.); to level, flatten (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to enlarge, ingenuous people│‫ بسيط اليدين‬b. al-yadain
expand (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stretch out, extend (‫هـ‬ (pl. ‫ بسط‬busuṯ) generous, openhanded
‫ البسيطة‬al-basīṯa the earth, the world ‫ بسم‬basam i (basm), V and VIII to smile
‫ بسائط‬basā’iṯ2 elements; simple remedies, ‫ بسم‬basma pl. basamāt smile
medicinal plants; basic facts ‫ بسام‬bassām smiling
‫ بساطة‬basāṯa simplicity, plainness ‫ مَبسم‬mabsim, pl. ‫ مَباسم‬mabāsim2 mouth;
O ‫ ابسوطة‬ubsūṯa pl. ‫ اباسيط‬abāsīṯ2 rim, mouthpiece, holder (for cigars, cigarettes,
felly (of a wheel) etc.)
‫ ابسط‬absaṯ2 simpler; wider, more ‫ ابتسام‬ibtisām and (n. vic.) ‫ ابتسامَة‬pl. -āt
extensive smile
‫ تبسيط‬tabsīṯ simplification ‫ بسمل‬basmala to utter the invocation ‫بسم ا‬
‫“ الرحمن الرحيم‬In the name of God, the
‫ انبساط‬inbisāṯ (n. vic. ‫ )ة‬extensity,
Benificent, the Merciful”
extensiveness, extension; expansion,
expanse; joy. delight, happiness, gaiety, ‫ بسمل‬basmala utterance of the above
cheerfulness invocation; the invocation itself
‫‘ عضلة باسطة‬aḍla bāsiṯa extensor (anat.) ‫ بسينة‬busaina kitty
‫ مَبسوط‬mabsūṯ extended, outstretched; ‫ بسيكولوجى‬psikolōjī psychological(aI)
spread out; extensive, large, sizeable; ‫ بش‬bašša a (bašš, ‫ بشاشة‬bašāša) to display a
detailed, elaborate (book); cheerful, happy, friendly, cheerful, happy mien; to smile;
gay; feeling well, in good health; (tun.) to be friendly (‫ ل‬to s.o.). give s.o. (‫ )ل‬a
well-to-do smile
‫ مَنبسط‬munbasiṯ extending, spreading; ‫ بشوش‬bašūš, baššāš smiling, friendly,
gay, happy, cheerful; level surface cheerful
‫( بسطرمَة‬Turk.) basṯurma a kind of jerked, ‫ بشاشة‬bašāša smile; happy mien
salted meat (eg.) ‫ باش‬bāšš smiling, happy; friendly, kind
‫ البوسفور‬al-busfūr the Bosporus ‫ بشت‬bušt (Nejd, Baḥr., Ir.) a kind of cloak, =
‫ بسق‬basaqa a (‫ بسوق‬busūq) to be high, tall, ‫‘ عباءة‬abā’a
lofty, towering; to excel, surpass (‫ ه‬or ‫على‬ ‫ بشتة‬bišta (eg.) woolen cloak worn by
s.o.) Egyptian peasants
‫ باسق‬bāiq high, tall, lofty, towering 1
‫ بشر‬bašar i, bašira a to rejoice, be delighted,
‫ مَنبسق‬munbasiq high, tall, lofty, be happy (‫ ب‬at s.th.) II to announce (as
towering good news; ‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to bring news
(‫ ب ه‬to s.o. of s.th.); to spread, propagate,
‫( بسكليت‬Fr. bicyclette) biskilēt, baskilēt bicycle
preach (‫ ب‬s.th.; a religion, a doctrine)│ ‫بش‬
‫( بسكوت‬It. biscotto) baskūt biscuit ‫(ر نفسه ب‬nafsahū) to indulge in the happy
‫ بسكويت‬baskawīt biscuit hope that … IV to rejoice (at good news)
2
X to rejoice, be delighted, be happy (‫ ب‬at
‫ بسل‬basula u (‫ بسالة‬basāla) to be brave, s.th., esp. at good news), welcome, (‫ب‬
fearless, intrepid V to scowl, glower X to s.th.); to take as good omen (‫ ب‬s.th.)│ ‫استب‬
be reckless, defy death 58 ‫( شر به خيرا‬ḳairan) to regard s.th. as
‫ بسالة‬basāla courage, intrepidity auspicious
‫ استبسال‬istibsāl death defiance ‫ بشر‬bišr joy
‫ بسالة‬bāsil pl. ‫ بسلاء‬busalā’2, ‫بواسل‬ ‫ بشر‬bušr glad tidings
bawāsil2 brave, fearless, intrepid ‫ بشرى‬bušrā glad tidings, good news
‫ مَسبسل‬mustabsil death-defying, heroic ‫ بشارة‬bišāra pl. -āt, ‫ بشائر‬bašā’ir2 good
2
‫بسلة‬bisilla peace news, glad tidings; annunciation,
prophecy; gospel; ‫ بشائر‬good omens,
propitious signs│ ‫‘ عيد البشارة‬īd al-b. the ‫ بشروش‬bašrūš flamingo
Annunciation, the Day of Our Lady (Chr.) ‫ بشع‬baši‘a a (‫ بشاعة‬bašā‘a) to be ugly,
2
‫ بشير‬bašīr pl. ‫ بشراء‬bušarā’ bring.r of loathsome II to make ugly, disfigure,
glad tidings, messenger, herald, harbinger, distort (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to disparage, run down (‫هـ‬
forerunner, precursor; evangelist (Chr.) s.th.) X to regard as ugly, find ugly or
repugnant (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ تبشير‬tabšīr announcement (of glad
tidings); preaching of the Gospel; ‫ بشع‬baši‘ ugly; offensive, disgusting,
evangelization, missionary activity distasteful, repugnant; unpleasant
‫ تبشيري‬tabšīrī missionary ‫ بشاعة‬bašā‘a ugly; offensive, disgusting,
2 distasteful, repugnant; unpleasant
‫ تباشير‬tabāšīr foretokens, prognostics,
omens, first signs or indications, heralds ‫ بشاعة‬bašā‘a ugliness
(fig.); beginnings, dawn│ ‫ تباشير الفجر‬t. al- ‫ ابشع‬abša2 uglier; more repulsive
fajr the first shimmer of aurora, the first
1
glimpse of dawn ‫ باشق‬look up alphabetically
2
‫ مَبشر‬mubaššir pl. -āt announcer, ‫( بشقه‬eg.; Turk. baška; invar.) different
messenger (of glad tidings); evangelist ‫ بشك‬VIII to lie, prevaricate
(Chr.); preacher; missionary (Chr.)
‫ بشاك‬baššāk liar
‫ مَستبشر‬mustabšir happy, cheerful
2
‫ ابتشاك‬ibtišāk lie, deceit, trickery
‫ بشر‬bašara u to peel (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to scrape off, 1
shave off, scratch off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to grate, ‫ بشكور‬baškūr pl. ‫ بشاكير‬bašākīr2 poker, fire
shred (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to touch (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be in iron
direct contact (‫ هـ‬with s.th.); to have 2
‫ بشكير‬balkir pl. ‫ بشاكير‬bašākīr2 towel
sexual intercourse (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to attend,
apply o.s. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ب‬to s.th.), take up, take ‫( بشلة‬It.) bišilla pl. -āt bacillus
in hand, pursue, practice, carry out (‫هـ‬ ‫ بشم‬bašima a (bašam) to feel nauseated, be
s.th., job, a task, etc.) 59 disgusted (‫ مَن‬by s.th.), be fed up (‫ مَن‬with)
‫ بشر‬bašar man, human being; men, IV to nauseate, sicken, disgust (‫ ه‬s.o.)
mankind ‫ بشم‬bašam surfeit, satiety, loathing, disgust
‫ بشرى‬bašarī human; human being; ‫ بشمار‬bašmār (tun.) lacework, trimmings
epidermal, skin (adj.)│ ‫طبيب بشرى‬
‫ بشامَرى‬bašāmirī (tun.) laceworker, lace-
dermatologist
maker
‫ بشرة‬bašara outer skin, epidermis,
‫ بشمق‬bašmaq slipper (worn by fuqahā’ and
cuticle; skin; complexion
women)
‫ بشرية‬bašarīya, mankind, human race
‫ بشنة‬bašna (magr.) sorghum, millet
2
‫ مَبشرة‬mibšara pl. ‫ مَباشر‬mabāšir scraper,
‫ بشنس‬bašan the ninth month of the Coptic
grater
calendar
‫ مَباشرة‬mubāšara pursuit, practice; direct,
‫ بشنوقة‬bašnūqa pl. ‫ بشانيق‬bašānīq2 kerchief tied
physical cause (Isl. Law); mubāšaratan
under the chin (pal.)
immediately, directly
‫ بشنين‬bašnīn lotus
‫ مَبشور‬mabšūr: ‫( جبنة مَبشورة‬jubna)
shredded cheese ‫ بص‬baṣṣa i (baṣṣ, ‫ بصيص‬basīṣ) to glow,
sparkle, glitter, shine; -- (eg.) u to look
‫ مَباشر‬mubāšir pl. -ūn direct, immediate;
practitioner, pursuer, operator; director; O ‫ بصة‬baṣṣ embers
manager (Eg.); court usher (Syr.); (mil.) ‫ بصيص‬baṣīṣ glow, shine; glimpse, ray
approx.: staff sergeant (Eg. 1939)│ ‫غير‬ (e.g., of hope); lustrous, shining
‫( مَباشر‬iṣābāt) directs
‫ بصائص‬baṣā’iṣ lustrous, shining; (eg.) ‫ كان على بصيرة مَن‬to have insight into s.th.,
spy, detective be informed about s.th.; ‫نافذ البصيرة‬
discerning, clear-sighted, perspicacious,
‫ بصبص‬baṣbaṣa (‫ بصبصة‬baṣbaṣa) to wag (‫بذنبه‬
sharp-witted; ‫ نفاذ البصيرة‬nafād al.-b. sharp
bi-danabihi its tail); (eg.) to ogle, make
discernment, perspicacity
sheep’s eyes, cast amorous glances
‫ ابصر‬abṣar2 more discerning
‫ بصخة‬baṣḳa see ‫بسخة‬
2 ‫ تبصرة‬tabṣira enlightenment; instruction,
‫ بصر‬baṣura a (baṣar) to look, see; to realize,
information
understand, comprehend, grasp (‫ ب‬s.th.) II
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) understand or realize (‫هـ‬ ‫ تبصر‬tabaṣṣur reflection, consideration;
or ‫ ب‬s.th.), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) aware (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬of penetration, clear-sightedness,
s.th.); to enlighten 60 (‫ هـ ه‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. on or perspicacity
as to s.th.); to tell, inform (‫ هـ ه‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. ‫ باصرة‬bāṣira pl. ‫ بواصر‬bawāṣir2 eye
about) IV to see (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to make
2
out, behold, perceive, discern, notice (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ ‫ البصرة‬al-baṣra Basra (port in S Iraq)
s.o., s.th.), set eyes on (‫)هـ ه‬, catch sight of ‫ بصق‬baṣaqa u to spit (‫ على‬on s.o.)
(‫ ه‬.‫ ;)هـ‬to recognize (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
reflect (‫ ب‬on). ponder (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to look ( ‫ بصقة‬baṣqa (n. vic.) expectoration;
‫ هـ‬at), regard (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to reflect (‫ فى‬on (expectorated) spit, spittle, saliva
s.th.), ponder (‫ فى‬s.th.) X to have the ‫ بصاق‬buṣaq spit, spittle, saliva
faculty of visual perception, be able to
see; to be endowed with reason, be ‫ مَبصقة‬mibṣaqa spittoon, cuspidor
rational, reasonable, intelligent; to reflect ( ‫ بصل‬baṣal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬onion(s); bulb(s)│
‫ فى‬on s.th.), ponder (‫ فى‬s.th.) ‫ بصل الفار‬b. al-fa’r sea onion (Scilla verna)
‫ بصر‬baṣar pl. ‫ ابصار‬abṣār vision, eye-sight; ‫ بصلى‬baṣālī bulbous
glance, look; insight; sight, discernment,
‫ بصيلة‬buṣaila pl. -āt, ‫ بصيلة الشعر‬b. aš-
perception│‫ قصير البصر‬shortsighted,
ša‘r bulb of the hair (anat.)
myopic; ‫ لمح البصر‬lamḥ al-b.glance of the
eye; ‫ دون لمح البصر‬,‫ في لمح البصر‬,‫كلمح البصر‬ ‫ بصم‬baṣama u (baṣm) to print, imprint (‫هـ‬
(dūna), ‫( في اقل لمح البصر‬aqalIa) in the s.th.); to stamp (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make, or leave,
twinkling of an eye, in a moment, in a an imprint (‫ هـ‬on)
flash. instantly; ‫( على مَدى البصر‬madā) ‫ بصمة‬baṣma pl. baṣamāt imprint,
within sight; ‫ له بصر ب فى‬is impression│ ‫بصمة الختم‬b. al-ḳatm stamp
knowledgeable, in, h. is familiar with imprint, stamp; ‫ بصمة الَصابع‬fingerprint
‫ بصرى‬baṣarī optic(al), visual, ocular ‫ بصوة‬baṣwa embers
‫ بصريات‬baṣarīyāt optics ‫ بض‬baḍḍ tender-skinned
‫ بصارة‬basāra perception, discernment; ‫ بضع‬baḍa‘a a (baḍ‘) to cut, slash or slit open (
perspicacity, acuteness of the mind, sharp- ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cut up, carve up, dissect,
wittedness anatomize ( s.th.); to amputate (surg.) II to
‫ بصير‬baṣīr pl. ‫ بصراء‬buṣarā’2 endowed cut up, carve up, dissect, anatomize III to
with eyesight; acutely aware (‫ ب‬of), sleep (‫ ها‬with a woman) IV to invest
having insight (‫ ب‬into); possessing capital (‫ )هـ‬profitably in a commercial
knowledge or understanding (‫ ب‬of), enterprise V pass. of n; to trade; to shop,
discerning, discriminating, versed, make purchase X to trade 61
knowledgeable, proficient (‫ ب‬in), ‫ بضع‬baḍ‘ amputation
acquainted (‫ ب‬with s.th.);
‫ بضع‬biḍ‘ (commonly, with genit. pl. of
‫ بصيرة‬baṣīra pl. ‫( بصائر‬keen) insight, f. nouns, ‫ بضعة‬with genit. pl. of m. nouns;
penetration, discernment, understanding, in classical Arabic ‫ بضع‬with both genders)
(power of) mental perception, mental some, a few, several
vision│‫ عن بصيرة‬deliberately, knowingly;
‫ بضعة‬biḍ‘a pl. ‫ بضائع‬baḍā’i‘ piece (of ‫ ابطاء‬ibṯā’ slowing down, retardation,
meat); meat; see also biḍ‘ above deceleration, reduction of speed; tarrying,
delay; slowness│ ‫ دون ابطاء‬without delay
‫ بضع‬buḍ‘ vulva
‫ تباطؤ‬tabātu’ slowness; slowing down,
‫ بضاعة‬biḍā‘a pl. ‫ بضائع‬baḍā’i2 goods,
retardation
merchandise, wares, commodities; that
which s.o. has to offer, which he has to ‫ بطارية‬baṯṯārīya pl. -āt battery (el. and mil.)
&how, with which he is endowed (also ‫ بطاطا‬baṯāṯā, ‫ بطاطا‬baṯāṯā sweet potato, yam
attributes, qualities)│ ‫ قطار البضاعة‬freight
train; ‫ اخرج مَا عنده مَن بضاعة‬he said what he ‫ بطاطس‬baṯāṯis potatoes
had intended to say ‫ بطاقة‬see ‫بطق‬
‫ مَبضع‬mibḍa‘ pl. ‫ مَباضع‬mabāḍi‘2 ‫ بطبط‬baṯbaṯa (‫ بطبطة‬baṯbaṯa) to quack (duck)
dissecting knife, scalpel
‫ بطح‬baṯaḥa a (baṯḥ) to prostrate, lay low, fell,
‫ ابضاع‬ibḍā‘ mandate for the throw to the ground, throw down (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
management of affairs (lsl. Law); s.o., s.th.) V and VII to he prostrated, be
partnership in a limited company, capital laid low; to lie prostrate, sprawl, stretch
investment out; to extend, stretch; to lie
‫ مَبضع‬mubḍi‘ pl. -ūn limited partner ‫ ابطح‬abṯaḥ2 flat, level; (pl. ‫ اباطح‬abāṯiḥ2)
(com.) basin-shaped valley, wide bed of a wadi
‫ مَستبضع‬mustabḍi‘ manager, managing ‫ بطحاء‬baṯḥā’ pl. ‫ بطاح‬biṯāḥ, ‫بطحاوات‬
agent (Isl. Law) baṯḥawāt basin-shaped valley; plain, level
‫ بط‬baṯṯ (n. un. ‫ )ة‬duck; ‫ بطة‬baṯṯa leather flask│ land, flatland, open country; (tun.) public
‫ بطة الساق‬calf (of the leg) square
‫ بطؤ‬baṯu’a u (‫ بطء‬buṯ’, ‫ بطاء‬biṯā’, ‫ بطاءة‬baṯa’a) ‫ بطيحة‬baṯīḥa pl. ‫ بطائح‬baṯā’iḥ wide bed of
to he slow; to he slowgoing, slow-footed, a stream or wadi; a stagnant, shallow and
slow-paced; to tarry, linger, wait, hesitate broad body of water
II to retard, slow down, delay, hold up ( ‫ب‬ ‫ مَنبطح‬munbaṯiḥ prostrate; flat, level;
‫ على‬s.o. in s.th.) IV to slow down, level land, plain 62
decelerate, retard, delay, hold up (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to he slow, go or drive slowly, slow down; ‫ بطيخ‬biṯṯīḳ, baṯṯīḳ (n. un. ‫ )ة‬melon, water-
to be late (‫ عن‬for s.th., in meeting s.o.), melon; baṯṯīḳ hub (of a wheel; syr.)
keep s.o. (‫ )عن‬waiting V to be slow, tardy ( ‫ مَبطخة‬mabṯaḳa melon patch
‫ فى‬in) VI to he slow, leisurely, unhurried; 1
to go, drive, act or proceed slowly, ‫ بطر‬baṯira a (baṯar) to be wild, wanton,
leisurely; to he slowgoing, slow-footed, reckless; to be proud, vain; to be
slow-paced; to slow down X to find slow ( discontented (‫ هـ‬with s.th.); to disregard (‫هـ‬
‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to have to wait a long time s.th.) IV to make reckless
(‫ ه‬for s.o.), be kept waiting (‫ ه‬by s.o.) ‫ بطر‬baṯar wantonness, cockiness,
‫ بطء‬buṯ’ slowness, tardiness│ ‫ببطء‬ arrogance, hubris, pride, vanity
slowly, leisurely, unhurriedly ‫ اباطرة‬abāṯira (pl.) bona vivants,
‫ بطئ‬baṯI’ pl. ‫ بطاء‬biṯā’ slow, unhurried; playboys, epicures
slowgoing, slow-footed, slow-paced; 2
‫ البطراء‬al-baṯrā’ Petra (ancient city of
tardy, late; sluggish, lazy; slow, gradual, Edomites and Nabataeans; ruins now in
imperceptible│O ‫ بطىء التردد‬b. at- SW Jordan)
taraddud of low frequency (el.)
‫ بطرخ‬baṯraḳ pl. ‫ بطارخ‬baṯāriḳ2 roe (of fish)
‫ ابطأ‬abṯa’2 slower│ ‫ابطأ مَن غراب نوح‬
‫ بطرس‬buṯrus Peter
(gurābi nūḥ) tardier than Noah’s raven,
i.e., slower than a ten years’ itch ‫ بطرشيل‬baṯrašīl and ‫ بطرشين‬baṯrašīn stole
(proverbially of s.o. who ia very tardy) (Chr.)
‫ بطريق‬biṯrīq pl. ‫ بطارقة‬baṯāriqa, ‫ بطاريق‬baṯārīq2 ‫ باطل‬bāṯil nugatory, vain, futile; false,
patrician; Romaean general; penguin untrue; absurd, groundless, baseless;
(zool.) worthless; invalid, null, void; deception,
lie, falsehood; ‫ بالباطل‬and ‫ باطلا‬bāṯila
‫ بطرك‬baṯrak, ‫ بطريك‬baṯrīk, ‫ بطريرك‬baṯriyark pl.
falsely; futilely, in vain; pl. ‫ اباطيل‬abāṯīl2
‫ بطاركة‬baṯārika Patriarch (as. an
vanities, trivialities, trifles, flimflam, idle
ecclesiastic title, Chr.)
talk, prattle
‫ بطركية‬baṯrakīya, ‫ بطريركية‬baṯriyarkīya
‫ مَبطل‬mubṯil prattler, windbag; liar
patriarchate (Chr.)
‫ مَبطل‬mubṯal nugatory, futile, vain
‫ بطش‬baṯaša i u (baṯš) to attack with violence;
to bear down on, fall upon s.o. (‫ ب‬or ‫;)فى‬ ‫ مَتبطل‬mutabaṯṯil unemployed
to knock out (‫ ه‬s.o.); to hit, strike (‫ ب‬s.th.). 2
‫ بطل‬baṯula u (‫ بطالة‬baṯāla, ‫ بطولة‬buṯūla) to be
land with a thud (‫ ب‬on) brave, be heroic, be a hero
‫ بطش‬baṯš strength, power, force, ‫ بطل‬baṯal pl. ‫ ابطال‬abṯāl brave, heroic; hero;
violence; courage, valor, bravery; champion, pioneer; hero, protagonist (of a
oppression, tyranny narrative, etc.), lead, star 63 (of a play);
‫ بطشة‬baṯša impact champion (athlet.)│ ‫ بطل العالم‬b. Al-‘alam
world champion
‫ بطاقة‬biṯāqa pl. –āt, ‫ بطائق‬baṯā’iq2 slip (of
paper), tag; card, calling card; ticket; ‫ بطلة‬baṯala heroine (of a narrative),
label│ ‫بطاقة الزيارة‬calling card; ‫بطاقة شخصية‬ female lead, star (of a play); woman
(šaḳṣīya) and ‫ بطاقة التعريف‬identity card; champion (athlet..)
‫ بطاقة المواد الغذائية‬b. al-mawādd al-gidā’īya, ‫ بطالة‬baṯāla bravery, valor, heroism
‫ بطاقة التموين‬food ration card; ‫ بطاقة المعايدة‬b.
al-mu‘āyada greeting card ‫ بطولة‬buṯūla bravery, valor, heroism;
1 leading role, starring role (theater, film);
‫ بطل‬baṯala u (buṯl, ‫ بطلان‬buṯlān) to be or championship (athlet.)│ ‫البطولة العالمية‬
become null, void, invalid, false, (‘ālamīya) and ‫ بطولة العالم‬b. al-‘ālam world
untenable, vain, futile, worthless; to be championship (athlet.); ‫ دور البطولة‬the part
abolished, fall into disuse, become or role of the hero, leading role
obsolete; to cease, stop, be discontinued;
to be inactive. be oat of work II to thwart, ‫ بطالسة‬baṯālisa Ptolemies
foil, frustrate, make ineffective counteract, ‫ بطم‬buṯm, buṯūm terebinth (bot.)
neutralize, nullify, invalidate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to 1
abolish, cancel, annul, suppress (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ بطن‬baṯana u (baṯn, ‫ بطون‬bulan) to he hidden,
IV = II; to talk idly, prattle; to paralyze, concealed, to hide; -- baṯuna u (‫بطانة‬
immobilize, hold down, pin down (‫ ه‬the baṯāna) to be paunchy II to line (‫ هـ‬a
opponent) garment, ‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with); to cover the
inside (‫ ب هـ‬of s.th. with), hang, face, fill (
‫ بطل‬buṯl nullity; uselessness, futility. ‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with) IV to hide, conceal, harbor
vanity; falsity, falseness, untruth (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be lined, have a lining
‫ بطالة‬biṯāla and baṯāla idleness, (garment); to penetrate, delve (‫ هـ‬into),
inactivity; free time, time off, holidays, become absorbed, engrossed (‫ هـ‬in) X to
vacations; unemployment penetrate, delve (‫ هـ‬into), become
absorbed, engrossed (‫ هـ‬in); to try to
‫ بطال‬baṯṯāl pl. –ūn idle, inactive; fathom (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fathom (‫ هـ‬s.th.), get to
unemployed, out of work the bottom of (‫ ;)هـ‬to have profound
‫ بطلان‬buṯlān nullity; uselessness, futility, knowledge (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), know thoroughly,
vanity; falsity, untruth; invalidity know inside out (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ ابطال‬ibṯāl thwarting, frustration, ‫ بطن‬baṯn pl. ‫ بطون‬buṯūn, ‫ ابطن‬abṯun belly,
invalidation; ruin, destruction; abolition, stomach, abdomen; womb; interior, inside,
cancellation inner portion; depth│ ‫ بطن القدم‬b. al-qadam
sole of the foot; ‫ بطن الكف‬b. al-kaff palm of
the hand; ‫ رقص البطن‬and ‫ رقص البطون‬raqṣ ‫ بظر‬baẓr pl. ‫ بظور‬buẓur clitoris (anat.) 64
al-b. belly dance; ‫( فى بطن‬baṯni) in, within, ‫ بعبع‬bu‘bu‘ pl. ‫ بعابع‬ba‘ābi‘2 bugaboo, bogey
in the midst of; ‫ فى بطون‬inside, within, in;
‫( ولدت بطنا واحدا‬waladat) she gave birth ‫ بعث‬ba‘ata a (ba‘t) to send, send out, dispatah
only once; ‫( بطنا لظهر‬li-ẓahrin) upside (‫ الى ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o. or s.th. to); to forward (
down ‫ الى ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th. to); to delegate (‫ ب‬or ‫ه الى‬
s.o. to); to emit (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s. th.); to evoke,
‫ بطنى‬baṯnī ventral, abdominal arouse, call forth, awaken (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stir
‫ بطن‬baṯin paunchy up, provoke, bring on (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to revive,
resuscitate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to resurrect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫مَن‬
‫ بطنة‬biṯna gluttony; overeating,
‫ الموت‬from death); to incite, induce (‫ على‬to
indigestion
s.th.), instigate, (‫ على‬s.th.); to cause (‫على‬
‫ بطان‬biṯān pl. ‫ ابطنة‬abṯina girth (of a s.th.; e.g., astonishment)│‫بعث اليه هزة الخوف‬
camel) (hazzat al-ḳauf) to scare the wits out of
‫ بطانة‬biṯāna pl. ‫ بطائن‬baṯā’in2 inside, s.o.; ‫( بعث روح الحياة في‬rūḥa l-ḥayāh) to
inner side; lining (of a garment); retinue, breathe life into s.th. or s.o., revive s.th.
suite, entourage│ ‫ فى بطانة‬among, amidst; VII to be Bent out, be emitted, be
within dispatched, be delegated; to be triggered,
be caused, be provoked; to be resurrected
‫ بطين‬baṯīn pl. ‫ بطان‬biṯān and ‫مَبطان‬ (‫ مَن الموت‬from death); to originate (‫ مَن‬in),
mibṯān, paunchy, fat, corpulent, stout; come (‫ مَن‬from), be caused (‫ مَن‬by); to
gluttonous emanate (fragrance); to arise, spring,
‫ بطين‬buṯain ventricle (of the heart; anat.) proceed, develop (‫ مَن‬from), grow out of (
‫ ;)مَن‬to set out to do s.th. (with foll.
‫ بطانية‬baṯṯānīya pl. -āt, ‫ بطاطين‬baṯāṯīn2 imperf.) VIII to send, dispatch (‫ ه‬s.o.)
cover; blanket; quilt
‫ بعث‬ba‘t sending out, emission,
‫ باطن‬bāṯin pl. ‫ بواطن‬bawāṯin2 inner, dispatching, delegation, etc.; resurrection;
interior, inward, inmost, intrinsic; hidden, pl. ‫ بعوث‬bu‘ūt delegations, deputations│
secret; ‫ الباطنة‬coastal plain of E Oman; ‫باطنا‬ ‫ حزب البعث‬ḥizb al-b. approx.: Renaissance
bāṯinan inwardly, secretly│ ‫ باطن الكف‬b. Party, a political party with strong socialist
al-kaff palm of the hand; ‫ باطن القدم‬b. al- tendencies; ‫ يوم البعث‬Day of Resurrection
qadam sole of the foot; ‫ فى باطن الَمَر‬at (from the dead)
bottom, after all, really; ‫ بواطن الَمَر‬the
factors, circumstances or reasons at the ‫ بعثة‬ba‘ta pl. ba‘atāt delegation,
bottom of s.th.; ‫ بواطن الَرض‬b. al-arḍ the deputation, mission; expedition; student
secret depths of the earth exchange; group of exchange students;
revival, rebirth, renaissance, rise│ ‫بعثة‬
‫ باطني‬bāṯinī internal│ ‫مَرض باطني‬ ‫‘( عسكرية‬askarīya) military mission; ‫بعثة‬
(maraḍ) internal disease; ‫( الطب الباطني‬ṯibb) ‫ دبلومَاسية‬diplomatic mission; ‫بعثة اثرية‬
internal medicine (atarīya) archaeological expedition; ‫رئيس‬
‫ الباطنية‬al-bāṯinīya name of a school of ‫ البعثة‬ra’īs al-b. chief of mission (dipl.)
thought in Islam, characterized by ‫ باعوث‬bā‘ūt Easter (Chr.)
divining a hidden, secret meaning in the
revealed texts ‫ مَبعث‬mab‘at sending, forwarding,
dispatch; emission; awakening, arousal; --
‫ مَبطون‬mabṯūn affected with a gastric or (pl. ‫ مَباعث‬mabā‘it2) cause; factor
intestinal ailment
‫ باعث‬bā‘it pl. ‫ بواعث‬bawā‘it2 incentive,
‫ مَبطن‬mubaṯṯan lined; filled (‫ ب‬with) inducement, motive, spur, reason, cause,
2
‫ بطن‬II (tun.) to full (‫ هـ‬s.th.) occasion
‫( باطان‬Span. batán) bāṯān fulling mill ‫ مَبعوث‬mab‘ūt dispatched, delegated;
envoy, delegate; representative, deputy (in
‫ باطية‬bāṯiya pl. ‫ بواط‬bawāṯin pitcher, jug
the Ottoman Empire)
‫ بظ‬baẓẓa u to spout, gush out, well out
‫ مَنبعث‬munba‘at source, point of origin
‫ بعثر‬ba‘tara (‫ بعثرة‬ba‘tara) to scatter, strew
around, fling about (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to disarrange,
throw into disorder (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to squander,
waste, dissipate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II tabatara pass.
‫ مَبعثر‬muba‘tar scattered, widespread
‫ بعج‬ba‘aja a (ba‘j) to slit open (‫ هـ‬the belly); to
groove, dent, notch (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VII to have
indentations or notches; to be bruised,
dented, bumpy; to get battered
‫ مَنبعج‬munba‘ij notched, indented
‫ بعد‬ba‘uda u (bu'd) to be distant, far away, far
off; to keep away, keep one’s distance (‫عن‬
from); to go far beyond (‫)عن‬, exceed by
far (‫ عن‬s.th.); to be remote, improbable,
unlikely│‫ بعد به عن‬he kept him away from;
‫ لَ يبعد ان‬it is not unlikely that ... II to
remove (‫ ه‬s.o.); to banish, exile, expatriate
(‫ ه‬s.o.) III to cause a separation (‫بين‬
between)│‫ باعد بين فلن وبين الشيء‬to prevent
s.o. from attaining s.th.; ‫باعد بين اجفانه‬
(ajfānihī) to stare wide-eyed IV to remove
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to take away (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
eliminate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), do away with (‫ ;)هـ‬to
send away, dismiss (‫ ه‬s.o.); to expatriate,
banish, exile (‫ ه‬s.o.); to exclude, make
unlikely, improbable, impossible (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to go or move far away; to go very far (‫فى‬
in or with s.th.) VI to be separated, lie
apart, lie at some distance from one
another; to separate, part company,
become estranged; to move away, go
away, withdraw, depart (‫ عن‬from); to keep intervals VIII to move or go away; to keep
away, keep one’s distance (‫ عن‬from); to away, withdraw (‫ عن‬from); to quit, leave,
quit, leave, avoid (‫ عن‬s.th.); to follow in avoid (‫ عن‬s.th.); to leave out of
regular 65 consideration, disregard (‫ عن‬s.th.) X to
single out, set aside (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to think
remote, farfetched (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to regard as
unlikely (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to disqualify (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ بعد‬bu‘d remoteness, farness; (pl. ‫ابعاد‬
ab‘ād) distance; dimension; interval
(mus.)│ ‫ على بعد‬and ‫ على البعد‬in the distance,
far off; ‫ على بعد مَئة مَتر‬at a distance of 100
meters; ‫ عن بعد‬and ‫ مَن بعد‬from a distance,
from afar; ‫ ذو ثلثة ابعاد‬three-dimensional;
‫ قياس الَبعاد‬qiyās al-a. linear measure; ‫بعد‬
‫ الهمة‬b. al-himma high aspirations,
loftiness of purpose; ‫ بعد الشقة‬b. aš-šiqqa
wide interval, wide gap; ‫ بعد الصيت‬b. aṣ-ṣīt
renown, fame, celebrity; ‫ بعد الصوت‬b. aṣ-
ṣaut do.; ‫ بعد النظر‬b. an-naẓar far ‫ تبعيد‬tab‘īd banishment
sightedness, foresight; ‫ بعدا‬bu‘dan li away ‫ بعاد‬bi‘ād distance
with ... !
‫ مَباعدة‬mubā‘ada sowing of dissension,
‫ بعد‬ba‘du then, thereupon; afterwards, estrangement, alienation
later, after that, in the following; still,
yet│ ‫ فيما بعد‬afterwards, later; ‫ امَا بعد‬see 1;‫امَا‬ ‫ ابعاد‬ib‘ād removal, separation, isolation;
‫ هو بعد صغير‬he is only a small boy, be is elimination; expatriation, banishment,
still young; ‫( لم يأت بعد‬ya’ti) he hasn’t come deportation
yet ‫ تباعد‬tabā‘ud interdistance; mutual
‫ بعد‬ba‘da (prep.) after; in addition to, estrangement
beside; aside from│ ‫ بعد كونه‬... (kaunihī) ‫ مَبعد‬mub‘ad deported; deportee
aside from the fact that he is ... ; ‫بعد ذلك‬
afterwards, after that, later (on); besides, ‫ مَتباعد‬mutabā‘id separate│ ‫في فترات‬
moreover; ‫ بعد ذاك‬besides, moreover; ‫بعد ان‬ ‫( مَتباعدة‬fatarāt) in wide intervals; ‫في فترات‬
ba‘da an (conj.) after; ‫( اذ‬id), ‫ بعد مَا‬and ‫مَن‬ ‫( مَتباعدة مَن الزمَن‬zaman) at infrequent
‫( بعد مَا‬ba‘di) do.; ‫( سفه مَا بعده سفه‬safahun) intervals, from time to time
the height of stupidity ‫ مَستبعد‬mustab‘ad improbable, unlikely
‫ بعدئذ‬ba‘da’idin then, thereafter, 66
thereupon, after that, afterwards 1
‫ بعر‬ba‘r, ba‘ar, droppings, dung (of animals)
‫ بعيد‬ba‘īd pl. ‫ بعداء‬bu‘adā’, ‫ بعد‬bu‘ud, ‫بعدا‬ 2
‫ بعير‬ba‘īr pl. ‫ ابعرة‬ab‘ira, ‫ بعران‬bu‘ran, ‫اباعر‬
‫ ن‬ba‘dān, ‫ بعاد‬bi‘ād distant, far away, fur abā‘ir2, ‫ بعارين‬ba‘ārīn2 camel
(or from); remote, outlying, out-of-the-
way; far-reaching, extensive; farfetched, ‫ بعزق‬ba‘zaqa (‫ بعزقة‬ba‘zaqa) to scatter,
improbable, unlikely; unusual, strange, dissipate, squander, waste (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
odd, queer; incompatible, inconsistent (‫عن‬ ‫ مَبعزق‬muba'ziq squanderer, spendthrift,
with)│ ‫ مَن بعيد‬from afar, from a distance; wastrel
‫‘( مَنذ عهد بعيد‬ahd) along time ago; ‫بعيد الَثر‬
‫ بعض‬II to divide into parts or portions (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
b. al-atar of far-reaching consequence; ‫بعيد‬
V to be divided, be divisible
‫ التاريخ‬remote in time, going way back in
history, ancient; ‫ بعيد الشأر‬b. aš-ša’w high- ‫ بعض‬ba‘ḍ part, portion; one; some, a
minded, bold; ‫ بعيد الشقة‬b. aš-šiqqa far few; a little of, some of│ ‫ بعض العلماء‬b.
apart; ‫ بعيد الغور‬b. al-gaur deep; al-‘ulamā’ one (or Borne) of the scholars;
unfathomable; ‫ بعيد المدى‬b. al-madā long- ‫( رفعنا بعضهم فوق بعض‬rafa‘na) we have
distance, long-range; extensive, far- exalted some of them above the others; ‫البع‬
reaching; ‫ بعيد النظر‬b. an-naẓar farsighted; ‫ ض—البعض الخر‬some—some, a few
farseeing; ‫ بعيد المنال‬b. al-manāl hardly others; ‫ بعضهم بعضا‬one another, each other,
attainable, hard to get at; ‫ ذهب بعيدا‬to go far mutually, reciprocally; ‫ بعضه فى بعض‬one in
away, go to distant land.; ‫ تطلع الى بعيد‬to the other, within one another; ‫بعض الشيء‬
look off into the distance ba‘ḍa š-šai’ to some extent, somewhat, a
little, rather; ‫( مَاثلة بعض المماثلة‬ba‘ḍa l-m.)
‫ بعيد‬bu'aida (prep.) shortly after, soon
he resembled him somewhat, to some
after
extent; ‫( مَنذ قرن وبعض قرن‬qarn) for the last
‫ ابعد‬ab‘ad2 pl. ‫ اباعد‬abā‘d2 farther, hundred years and more
remoter, more distant; more extensive;
‫ بعوض‬ba‘ūḍ (n. un. ‫ )ة‬gnats, mosquitoes
less likely, more improbable; pl. ‫اباعد‬
abā‘d2 very distant relative│ ‫الشرق الَبعد‬ ‫ تبعيض‬tab‘īḍ division, partition.
(šarq) the Far East; ‫ الَبعد‬the absent one portioning
(used as a polite periphrasis for s.o. who is ‫ بعكوكة‬bu‘kūka club, society
being criticized or blamed for s.th.; also
when referring to the 1st and 2nd persons) ‫ بعل‬ba‘l the god Baal; land or plants thriving
on natural water supply; -- (pl. ‫ بعول‬bu‘ū,
‫ ابعادية‬ab‘adīya pl. -āt country estate ‫ بعولة‬bu‘ūla) lord; husband
‫ بعلة‬ba'w wife ‫ بغل‬bagl pl. ‫ بغال‬bigāl, ‫ ابغال‬abgal mule; ‫بغلة‬
bagla pl. bagalāt female mule│ ‫بغال القنطرة‬
‫ بعلى‬ba‘l, unirrigated (land. plants)
b. al-qanṯara the piers of the bridge
‫ بعلبك‬ba‘lbakk2 Baalbek (ancient Heliopolis,
‫ بغال‬baggāl pl. -ūn mule driver, muleteer
village in E Lebanon)
67
‫ بغت‬bagata a (bagt, ‫ بغتة‬bagta) to come
‫ بغى‬bagā i (‫ بغاء‬bugā’) to seek, desire, covet,
unexpectedly, descend unawares (‫ ه‬upon
seek to attain (‫ هـ‬s.th.), wish for s.th. (‫;)هـ‬
s.o.) III do.; to surprise (. s.o.) VII to be
-- (bagy) to wrong, treat unjustly (‫ على‬s.o.)
taken by surprise; to be taken aback, be
, to oppress (‫ على‬s.o.), commit outrage (
aghast, he nonplused
‫ على‬upon); to whore, fornicate VII ‫ ينبغى‬it
‫ بغتة‬bagta surprising event, surprise; is desirable, necessary; it is proper,
bagtatan, ‫ على بغتة‬bagtatin all of a sudden, appropriate, seemly, it ought to be, should
suddenly, surprisingly be; with ‫له‬: it behooves him, with ‫عليه‬: he
‫ مَباغتة‬mubāgata sudden arrival, must, he should, he ought to VIII to seek,
surprising incident or event, surprise; desire (‫ هـ‬s.th.), aspire (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), strive (
sudden attack, raid ‫ هـ‬for)

‫ بغاث‬bugāt pl. ‫ بغثان‬bigtan small birds ‫ بغى‬bagy infringement, outrage,


injustice, wrong
‫ بغادة‬see ‫بوغادة‬
‫ بغى‬bagīy pl. ‫ بغايا‬bagāyā whore,
‫ بغدد‬II tabagdada to swagger, throw one's prostitute
weight around, be fresh (properly, to
behave like one from Baghdad) ‫ بغية‬bugya object of desire, wish, desire,
bugyata (prep.) with the aim of, for the
‫ بغداد‬bagdād2 Baghdad purpose of
‫ بغدادى‬bagdādī pl. -ūn, ‫ بغاددة‬bagādida a ‫ بغاء‬bigā’ prostitution
native of Baghdad
1
‫ بغاء‬bugā’ wish(ing), desire, endeavor,
‫ بغش‬bagaša a: ‫( بغشت السماء‬samā’u) there was effort
a light shower
‫ مَبغى‬mabgan pl. ‫ مَباغ‬mabāgin brothel
‫ بغشة‬bagša light rain shower
2
‫ مَباغ‬mabāgin coveted things, desiderata,
‫ بغشة‬bugša = ‫بقشة‬ wishes, desires
3
‫ بغاشة‬bagāša stuffed pastry made of flour, ‫ ابتغاء‬ibtigā’ desire, wish; ibtigā’a
eggs and butter (prep.) for the purpose of
‫ بغض‬bagiḍa a, baguḍa u (bugḍ, ‫ بغاضة‬bagāḍa) ‫ باغ‬bāgin pl. ‫ بغاة‬bugāh desiring,
to be hated, hateful, odious II to make (‫ه‬ coveting, striving; committing outrages,
s.o.) hateful (‫ الى‬to s.o.) III to loathe, oppressive, unjust; oppressor, tyrant
detest, hate (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to loathe, detest,
hate (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to hate each other ‫ مَبتغى‬mubtagan aspired goal, aspiration,
desire, endeavor, effort
‫ بغض‬bugḍ, ‫ بغضة‬bigḍa and ‫بغضاء‬
bagḍā’2 hatred, hate ‫ بفتة‬bafta calico, Indian cotton cloth

‫ بغيض‬bagīḍ, hateful, odious (‫ الى‬to s.o.), ‫ بفتيك‬biftēk beefsteak


loathsome, abominable 1
‫ بق‬baqq (n. un. ‫ )ة‬bedbug, chinch│‫شجرة البق‬
‫ تباغض‬tabāguḍ mutual hatred elm (bol.)
2
‫ مَبغوض‬mabgūḍ detested, hateful, odious ‫ بق‬baqqa u (baqq) to give off in abundance

‫ مَبغض‬mubgiḍ pl. -ūn hater; -- mubgaḍ ‫ بقاق‬baqqāq garrulous, loquacious,


detested, hateful, odious chatterbox, prattler
‫ بقبق‬baqbaqa (‫ بقبقة‬baqbaqa) to gurgle, bubble,
splutter, purl (water); to chatter, prattle
‫ بقباق‬baqbāq garrulous, loquacious, ‫ بقي‬baqiya a (‫ بقاء‬baqā’) to remain, stay,
chatterbox, prattler continue to be (‫ على‬in a state or condition);
to keep up, maintain (‫ على‬a state or
‫ بقبوقة‬baqbūqa blister (of the skin)
condition); to be left behind, be left over;
‫ بقجة‬buqja pl. ‫ بقج‬buqaj bundle, pack, package to last, continue, go on; (with foll. imperf.
‫ بقدونس‬baqdūnis, baqdūnas parsley or part.) to continue to do s.th., keep doing
s.th.; to become│‫( لم يبق طفل‬yabqa ṯiflan)
‫ بقر‬baqara u to split open, rip open, cut open ( he is no longer a child II to leave, leave
‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV do. over, leave behind (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to make (‫ه‬
‫ بقر‬baqar (coll.) bovines, cattle; n. un. ‫بق‬ s.o.) stay; to retain, leave unchanged,
‫ رة‬baqara pl. -āt cow leave as it is, preserve, maintain, keep up (
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to leave, leave over, leave behind
‫ بقرى‬baqarī bovine, cattle-, cow- (in (‫ هـ‬s.th. ‫ ه‬s.o.); to leave untouched, save,
compounds) spare (‫ على‬s.o., s.th., e.g., s.o.’s life) V to
‫ بقار‬baqqār pl. ‫ ة‬cowhand, cowboy remain, stay, continue to be (‫ على‬in a state
or condition); to be left, be left over X to
‫ بقس‬baqs box, boxwood (bot.)
make stay, ask to stay, hold back, detain (‫ه‬
‫ بقسمات‬buqsumāt rusk, zwieback; biscuit s.o.); to spare, save, protect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫هـ‬
‫ بقشة‬buqša Yemenite copper coin s.th.); to preserve (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to retain, keep
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to store, put away (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ بقشيش‬baqšīš pl. ‫ بقاشيش‬baqāšīš2 present of
money; tip, gratuity, baksheesh ‫ بقية‬baqīya pl. ‫ بقايا‬baqāyā remainder,
rest; remnant, residue│ ‫ بقية الدول‬b. ad-
‫ بقع‬II to spot, stain, smudge; (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to duwal the remaining countries, the rest of
become stained, get smudged; to be the countries; ‫( البقية الباقية‬bāqiya) the last
spotted, stained remnant
‫ بقعة‬buq‘a pl. ‫ بقع‬buqa‘, ‫ بقاع‬biqā‘ spot, ‫ بقاء‬baqā’ remaining, staying, lingering,
blot, smudge, stain; place, spot, site, plot. abiding; continuation, continuance,
patch, lot duration; survival, continuation of
‫ ابقع‬abqa‘2 spotted, speckled existence after life; immortality, eternal
life; existence; permanence│‫ دار البقاء‬the
‫ باقعة‬bāqi‘a pl. ‫ بواقع‬bawāqi‘ sly dog, hereafter
shrewd fellow
‫ ابقى‬abqā more lasting. more durable.
‫ بقل‬baqala u (baql) to sprout (plant) more permanent; better preserving;
‫ بقل‬baql (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ بقول‬buqūl, ‫ابقال‬ conducive to longer wear. better
abqāl herbs, potherbs, greens, herbaceous protecting
plants, specif., legumes│ ‫ الفصيلة البقلية‬the ‫ ابقاء‬ibqā’ continuation, retention;
Leguminosae; ‫ البقلة الباردة‬hyacinth bean maintenance, conservation, preservation│
(Dolichos lablab L.), ‫( البقلة الحمقاء‬ḥamqā’) ‫ ابقاء الحالة على مَا كانت عليه‬maintenance of the
purslane (bot.), ‫( البقلة الذهبية‬dahabīya) status quo
garden orach (bot.), ‫بقلة الخطاطيف‬
celandine (bot.), ‫ بقلة الملك‬b. al-malik ‫ استبقاء‬istibqā’ continuation, retention;
common fumitory (bot.) 68 maintenance, conservation, preservation
‫ بقال‬baqqāl pl. -ūn ‫ بقالة‬baqqāla ‫ باق‬bāqin staying; remaining; left;
greengrocer; grocer remainder (arith.); lasting, continuing,
permanent, unending; surviving; living
‫ بقالة‬biqāla the grocery business on; everlasting, eternal (God)│ ‫الباقيات‬
‫ بقلاوة‬baqlāwa, ‫ بقلاوا‬a kind of Turkish delight, ‫ الصالحات‬the good works
pastry made of puff paste with honey and ‫ مَتبق‬mutabaqqin residue, remnant,
almonds or pistachios remainder, rest
‫ بقام‬baqqām brazilwood
‫ بك‬bē (Eg. pronunciation) pl. ‫ بكوات‬bakawāt, ‫ بكرة‬bukra pl. ‫ بكر‬bukar early morning;
‫ بهوات‬bahawāt bey (title of courtesy; cf. ‫ بكرة‬bukratan early in the morning;
‫)بيك‬ tomorrow; on the following day, next day
‫ بكوية‬bekawīya rank of a bey ‫ بكير‬bakīr coming early; early,
premature; precocious
‫ بكيء‬bakī’ pl. ‫ بكاء‬bikā’ having or giving little,
sparing (e.g., of words) ‫ بكور‬bakūr and ‫ باكور‬bākūr coming early;
early, premature; precocious
‫ بكاسين‬bikāsīn bécassine, snipe (zool.)
‫ بكور‬bukūr earliness, prematureness,
‫( بكالوريا‬Fr. baccalauréat) bakālōriyā
premature arrival│ ‫‘( بكورى فى العود‬aud)
baccalaureate, bachelor’s degree
my early return
‫ بكالوريوس‬bakālōriyūs bachelor (academic
‫ بكارة‬bakāara virginity
degree)
‫ بكارة‬bakkāra pulley (mech.)│ ‫بكارة مَركبة‬
‫( بكباشى‬Turk. binbaşı) bimbāšī, bikbāšī major
(murakkaba) set of pulleys, block and
(mil; formerly, Eg.)
tackle
‫ بكت‬to censure, blame (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ بكورة‬bukūra and ‫ بكورية‬bukūrīya
‫ تبكيت‬tabkīt blame, reproach│ ‫تبكيت‬ primogeniture
‫ الضمير‬remorse
‫ باكورة‬bakūra pl. ‫ بواكير‬bawākīr2
‫ بكتيرى‬baktērī bacterial, caused by bacteria firstlings; first results, first fruits;
‫ بكتيريا‬baktēriyā bacteria beginning, rise, dawn; (with foll. genit.)
initial, early, first; pl. ‫ بواكير‬first signs or
‫ بكر‬bakara u to set out early in the morning, indications; initial symptoms; heralds,
get up early; to come early (‫ الى‬to), be harbingers (fig.)│ ‫ باكورة الفواكه‬early fruit;
early (‫ الى‬at) II do.; ‫ بكر فى‬and ‫ بكر ب‬with ‫ كان باكورة اعماله‬the first thing he did was...
foll. verbal noun: to do s.th. early,
prematurely, ahead of its time III to be ‫ ابكر‬abkar2 rising earlier
ahead of s.o. (‫)ه‬, anticipate, forestall (‫ه‬ ‫ مَبكر‬mibkār precocious
s.o.) IV = I; VIII to be the first to take (‫هـ‬
‫ ابتكار‬ibtikār pl. -āt novelty, innovation;
s.th.), be the first to embark (69 ‫ هـ‬on
creation; invention; origination, first
s.th.); to deflower (‫ ها‬a girl): to invent (‫هـ‬
production; initiative; creativity,
s.th.); to create, originate, start (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
originality; pl. ‫ ابتكارات‬specif., creations of
‫ بكر‬bakr pl. ‫ ابكر‬abkur, ‫ بكران‬bukrān fashion, fashion designs
young camel
‫ باكر‬bākir early; premature; ‫ باكرا‬bākiran
‫ بكر‬bikr pl. ‫ ابكار‬abkār first-born, eldest; in the morning; early (adv.)│‫فى الصباح الباكر‬
firstling: unprecedented, novel, new; (ṣabāḥ) early in the morning; ‫ الى الباكر‬till
virgin; virginal tomorrow
‫ بكرى‬bikrī first-born, first ‫ باكرة‬bākira pl. ‫ بواكر‬bawākir2 firstlings,
‫ بكرية‬bikrīya primogeniture first produce, early fruits, early
vegetables; pl. first indications or
‫ بكرة‬bakra and bakara pl. ‫ بكر‬bakar, -āt symptoms, heralds, harbingers
reel; pulley (mech.); spool, coil; winch,
windlass│ ‫ خيط بكرة‬ḳaiṯ b. thread ‫ مَبكر‬mubakkir doing early; early;│ ‫مَبكرا‬
mubakkiran early in the morning, early
‫ بكرة‬bakra: ‫‘ على بكرة ابيهم‬alā bakrati
abīhim, ‫ عن بكرة ابيهم‬and ‫ عن بكرتهم‬all ‫ مَبتكر‬mubtakir creator; creative;
without exception, all of them, all inventor; -- mubtakar newly created,
together; ‫ خرجت الجماهير عن بكرتها‬the crowd novel, new, original; (pl. -āt) creation,
went forth as one man specif., fashion creation, invention│ ‫ثوب‬
‫( مَبتكر‬taub) original design, model. dress
creation
‫ بكرج‬bakraj pl. ‫ بكارج‬bakārij2 kettle, coffee pot
‫ بكسماط‬,‫بكسماد‬, see ‫بقسمات‬ ‫ بل‬balal moisture, humidity; moistness,
dampness, wetness
‫ بكل‬II to buckle, buckle up, button up (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to fold, cross (‫ هـ‬the arms) ‫ بليل‬balīl a moist, cool wind
‫ بكلة‬bukla pl. ‫ بكل‬bukal, -āt buckle ‫ بليلة‬balīla (eg.) dish made of stewed
maize and sugar
‫( بكلاه‬It. baccalá) bakalāh codfish
‫ ابلل‬iblāl recovery, convalescence,
‫ بكلوريوس‬bakalōriyūs bachelor (academic
recuperation
degree)
‫ بل‬taballul moistness, dampness,
‫ بكم‬bakima a to be dumb: -- bakuma u to be
humidity
silent, hold one’s tongue IV to silence (‫ه‬
s.o.) V to become silent; to become dumb ‫ مَبلول‬mablūl, ‫ مَبلل‬muballal, ‫ مَبتل‬mubtall
moist, damp, wet
‫ بكم‬bakam dumbness
3
‫ بلى‬billī (from Fr. bille): ‫( كرسي بلى‬kursī) ball
‫ ابكم‬abkam2, f. ‫ بكماء‬bakmā’, pl. ‫ بكم‬bukm
bearing
dumb 70
‫ بلا‬see 2‫ب‬
‫ بكوات‬and ‫ بكوية‬see ‫بك‬
‫ ﭙلاتين‬,‫ بلاتين‬blātī., plātīn platinum
‫ بكى‬bakā i (‫ بكاء‬bukā’, ‫ بكى‬bukan) to cry, weep (
‫ على‬over); to bemoan, lament, bewail (‫ه‬ ‫( بلج‬Fr. plage) blāž beach
s.o.), mourn (‫ ه‬for) II and IV to make (‫ه‬ ‫ بلجرا‬balagrā pellagra
s.o.) cry X to move (‫ ه‬s.o.) to tears, make (
‫ ه‬s.o.) cry ‫ بلرج‬balāraj stork
‫ بكاء‬bakkā’ given to weeping frequently, ‫( بلستيك‬Fr. p1astique) blāstīk plastik
tearful, lachrymose ‫ بلط‬see ‫بلط‬
‫ حائط المبكى‬ḥā’iṯ al-mabkā the Wailing ‫( بلك‬Engl. plug) spark plug (ir.)
Wall (in Jerusalem)
‫ بلنة‬,‫ بلان‬see ‫بلن‬
‫ باكية‬bākiya pl. ‫ بواك‬bawākin wailing-
woman, hired mourner; (eg.) arch, arcade ‫ بلبط‬balbaṯa to gurgle
1
‫ باك‬bākin pl. ‫ بكاة‬bukāh weeping, crying; ‫ بلبل‬balbala to disquiet, make uneasy or
weeper, wailer, mourner restive, stir up, rouse, disturb, trouble,
confuse (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.) II tabalbala to feel
‫ مَبك‬mubkin, mubakkin, causing tears, uneasy, be anxious; to be or become
tearful; sad, lamentable, deplorable confused, get all mixed up
‫ بكين‬bikīn Peking ‫ بلبلة‬balbala pl. ‫ بلابل‬balābil2 anxiety,
1
‫ بل‬bal (also with foll. ‫ و‬wa-) nay, --rather... ; uneasiness, concern; confusion, muddle,
(and) even; but, however, yet jumble, chaos
2
‫ بل‬balla u (ball) to moisten, wet, make wet (‫هـ‬ ‫ بلبال‬balbāl anxiety, uneasiness, concern
s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.);--balla i to recover (‫مَن مَرض‬ ‫ بلابل‬balabil2 anxieties, apprehensions
from an illness) II to moisten, wet, make
wet (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to recover (‫مَن مَرض‬ ‫ تبلبل‬tabalbul muddle, confusion│ ‫بلبل‬
from an illness) V and VIII to be ‫ الَلسنة‬t. al-alsina confusion of tongues (at
moistened, be wetted; to become wet the tower of Babel)
2
‫ بل‬ball moistening, wetting; moisture ‫ بلبل‬bulbul pl. ‫ بلابل‬balabil2 nightingale
‫ بل‬bill recovery, convalescence, ‫ بلج‬balaja u (‫ بلوج‬bulūj) to shine; to dawn
recuperation (morning, aurora); -- balija a (balaj) to be
happy, be glad (‫ ب‬about), be delighted (‫ب‬
‫ بلة‬billa moisture, humidity│ ‫مَا زاد الطين‬ at) IV to shine (sun) V and VII = balaja
‫ بلة‬mā zālda ṯ-ṯīna billatan what made
things even worse ... ‫ ابلج‬ablaj2 gay, serene, bright, clear, fair,
nice, beautiful
‫ انبلاج الفجر‬inbilāj al-fajr daybreak ‫ بلشون‬balašūn heron (zool.)
1
‫ بلجيكا‬beljīka Belgium ‫ بلص‬balaṣa u (balš) and II to extort wring
forcibly (‫ مَن ه‬from s.o. s.th.); to blackmail
‫ بلجيكى‬beljīkī Belgian (adj. and n.)
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ بلح‬balaḥ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬dates (bot.)
‫ بلص‬balṣ extortion, blackmail; forcible
‫ بلد‬baluda u (‫ بلادة‬balada) to be stupid, idiotic, imposition of taxes
dull-witted II to acclimatize, habituate (‫هـ‬ 2
‫ بلاص‬ballāṣ pl. ‫ بلليص‬balālīṣ2 (eg.)
s.th., to a country or region) V pass. of II;
earthenware jar
to become .tupid, be.otted, lapse into a
1
state of idiocy; to show o.s. from the ‫ بلط‬II to pave (‫ هـ‬s.th., with flagstones or tiles)
stupid side VI to feign stupidity ‫ بلاط‬balāṯ pavement, tiled floor; floor
‫ بلد‬balad m. and f., pl. ‫ بلاد‬bilād country; tiles; palace; pl. ‫ ابلطة‬abliṯa floor tiles│‫البلا‬
town, city; place, community, village; ‫بلاد‬ ‫( ط الملكى‬malakī) the royal court; ‫حداد البلاط‬
country; ‫ بلدان‬buldān countries│ ‫بلاد الحبش‬ ḥidād al-b. court mourning
b. al-ḥabaš Ethiopia; ‫ بلد الصين‬b. aṣ-ṣīn ‫ بلطة‬balāṯa floor tile; flagstone,
China; ‫ بلد الهند‬b. al-hind India slabstone; paving stone
‫ بلدة‬balda town, city; place, community, ‫ تبليط‬tablīṯ paving, tile-laying
village; rural community; township
‫ مَبلط‬muballaṯ paved, tiled
‫ بلدى‬baladī native, indigenous, home (as
2
opposed to foreign, alien); (fellow) ‫ بلوط‬ballūṯ oak; acorn
citizen, compatriot, countryman; a native; 3
‫ بلطة‬balta pl. -āt, ‫ بلط‬bulaṯ ax
communal, municipal│ ‫( مَجلس بلدى‬majlis)
city council, local council ‫ بلطجى‬balṯajī pl. -īya engineer, sapper,
pioneer (mil.); gangster; procurer,
‫ بلدية‬baladīya pl. -āt township, panderer, pimp; sponger, hanger-on,
community, rural community; ward, parasite
district (of a city); municipality, municipal 4
council, local authority ‫ بلطة‬balaṯa balata gum
5
‫ بليد‬balīd and ‫ ابلد‬ablad2 stupid, doltish, ‫( بلطو‬Fr. paletot) balṯō pl. –āt, ‫ بلطى‬balāṯī
dull-witted, idiotic paletot, overcoat
6
‫ بلدة‬balāda stupidity, silliness ‫ بلطى‬bulṯī bolti (Tilapia nilotica), a food fish
of the Nile
‫ تبلد‬taballud idiocy, dullness, obtuseness,
apathy ‫ بلطيق‬al-.balṯīq the Baltic countries│ ‫بحر البلطيق‬
baḥr al-b. the Baltic Sea
‫ مَتبلد‬mutaballid besotted, dull, stupid
‫ بلوظة‬bālūẓa hand pres.; (eg.) a kind of cream
‫ ابليز‬look up alphabetically made of cornstarch, lemon juice and
‫ ابليس‬pl. ‫ ابالسة‬look up alphabetically honey, or the like
‫ بلسان‬ba1asān balsam, balm; balsam tree; black ‫ بلع‬bala‘a and bali‘a a (bal‘) to swallow,
older (bot.) swallow up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to gulp down (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to put up (‫ هـ‬with s.th.), swallow,
‫ بلسم‬balsam pl. ‫ بلاسم‬balāsim2 balsam, balm stomach, brook (‫ هـ‬s.th.)│ ‫( بلع ريقه‬rīqahū)
‫ بلسم‬balsamī balsamic, balmy lit.: to swallow one’s saliva, i.e., to catch
one’s breath, take a little rest, have a
‫ بلشف‬balšafa to Bolshevize II tabalšafa to be
break; to restrain o.s., hold back (said of
Bolshevized
one in a rage) II and IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ بلشفة‬balšafa Bolshevization swallow (‫ هـ‬s.th.)│ ‫( بلعه ريقه‬rīqahū) to
‫ بلشفى‬bulšifī pl. ‫ بلاشفة‬balāšifa grant s.o. a short rest VIII = I
Bolshevist(ic); Bolshevik, Bolshevist ‫ بلعة‬bal‘a large bite, big gulp
‫ بلشفية‬bulšifīya Bolshevism
‫ بلاعة‬ballā‘a, ‫ بلوعة‬ballū‘a pl. –āt, ‫بلاليع‬ announce, state, disclose (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
ba1ālī‘2 sink, drain inform (‫ عن‬against s.o.), report, denounce
(‫ عن‬s.o.)│‫ ابلغ البوليس ب‬to report s.th. to the
‫ بالوعة‬bālū‘a pl. –āt, ‫ بواليع‬bawālī‘2 sewer,
police V to content o.s., be content (‫ب‬
sink, drain
with); to eke out an existence; to still
‫ بلعم‬bul‘um pl. ‫ بلاعم‬balā‘im2 and ‫ بلعوم‬bul‘ūm one’s hunger (‫ ب‬with), eat (‫ ب‬s.th.): to b.
pl. ‫ بلعيم‬balā‘īm2 pharynx (anat.); ‫بلعوم‬ delivered, be transmitted
gullet, esophagus (anat.)
‫ سمعا لَ بلاغا‬sam‘an lā balāgan! may it be
1
‫ بلغ‬balaga u (‫ بلوغ‬bulūg) to reach (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫هـ‬ heard but not fulfilled, i.e. God forbid!
s.th.), get (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to), arrive (‫ هـ‬at); to come, (used at the mention of s.th. unpleasant)
amount (‫ هـ‬to), be worth (‫ هـ‬so and so
‫ بلغة‬bulga and ‫ بلاغ‬balāg sufficiency,
much); to come to s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬ears; to attain
competency, adequacy (see also 2 ‫بلغة‬
puberty (boy); to ripen, mature (fruit, or
below)
the like); to come of age; to exhaust, wear
out (‫ مَن‬s.o.); to act (‫ مَن‬upon s.o.), have its ‫ بلاغ‬balāg pl. -āt communication,
effect (‫ مَن‬on), affect (‫ مَن‬s.o.); to go far (‫فى‬ information, message, report;
‫ مَن‬, in s.th.), attain a high degree (‫ مَن‬,‫ فى‬of announcement, proclamation;
s.th.)│ ‫بلغ به الى‬to make s.o. or s.th. get to communiqué; statement; notification (of
or arrive at, lead or take s.o. or s.th. to, get the police)│‫ بلغ اخير‬ultimatum
s.o. or s.th. to the point where, ‫بلغ به الترنح‬ ‫ بليغ‬balīg pl. ‫ بلغاء‬bulagā’ eloquent;
‫( ان‬tarannuḥ) he began to reel so violently intense, lasting, deep, profound (e.g., an
that ... ; ‫( بلغ الَمَر مَبلغ الجد‬mablaga l-jidd) impression); serious, grave (e.g., an
the matter became serious; ‫ بلغ السيل الزبى‬b. injury)
s-sailu z-zubā the matter reached a climax,
things came to a head; ‫بلغ مَبلغ الرجال‬ ‫ بلوغ‬bulūg reaching, attainment, arrival
(mablaga r-rijāl) to be sexually mature, (at); maturity, legal majority
attain manhood, come of age; ‫بلغ اشده‬ ‫ بلاغة‬balāga eloquence; art, of good
(ašuddahū) to attain full maturity, come of style, art of composition; literature│ ‫علم‬
age; to reach its climax; ‫بلغ فى الشيء مَبلغا‬ ‫‘ البلاغة‬ilm al-b. rhetoric
(mablagan) to attain a high degree of s.th.;
‫( حين بلغت بذكرياتي هذا المبلغ‬ḥīna, dikrayātī, ‫ ابلغ‬ablag2 intenser, deeper, more lasting;
mablaga) when I had come to this point in more serious, graver
my reminiscences; ‫( بلغ مَنه كل مَبلغ‬kulla ‫ مَبلغ‬mablag pl. ‫ مَبالغ‬mabālig2 amount,
mablagin) to work havoc on s.o.; ‫بلغ مَنتهاه‬ sum of money; extent, scope, range; (see
(muntahāhū) to reach its climax, come to also examples under ‫ بلغ‬I)│ ‫( مَبلغ اسمى‬ismī)
a head II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) reach or attain (‫هـ‬ nominal par; ‫( المبالغ المودعة‬mūda‘a) the
s.th.); to take bring (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to s.o.) see deposits (at a bank); ‫ليتبين مَبلغ قولى مَن الجد‬
that s.th. (‫ )هـ‬gets (‫ الى‬to); to convey, (li-yatabayyana, qaulī, jidd) in order to
transmit, impart, communicate, report (‫هـ ه‬ find, out to what extent my words were
to s.o. s.th.); to inform, notify (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. of meant seriously
s.th.), tell, let know (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. about); to
‫ تبليغ‬tablīg pl. -āt conveyance,
report (‫ عن‬about), give an account of (‫;)عن‬
transmission, delivery (‫ الى‬to s.o.);
to inform (‫ عن‬against s.o.), report,
information (‫ عن‬about); report,
denounce (‫ عن‬s.o.)│ ‫ بلغ رسالة‬to fulfill a
notification (‫ عن‬of); communication,
mission, ‫ بلغه سلمَى‬ballighu salāmī give
announcement, notice│ ‫كتاب التبليغ‬
him my best regards! III to exaggerate (‫فى‬
credentials
in s.th.); to overdo. do too long (‫ فى‬s.th.);
to go to greatest lengths, do one’s utmost ( ‫ مَبالغة‬mubalaga pl. -āt exaggeration
‫ فى‬in) IV to make (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) reach or ‫ ابلاغ‬iblāg conveyance, transmission
attain (‫ الى‬s.th.); to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) amount (
‫ الى‬to), raise (‫ هـ‬an amount, a salary, ‫ الى‬to); ‫ بالغ‬bālig extensive, far-reaching;
to inform, notify (‫ ب‬or ‫ عن‬s.o. of s.th.), considerable; serious (wound), deep,
tell, let know (‫ ب‬or ‫ عن ه‬s.o. about); to profound, violent, vehement (feelings),
strong, intense; mature; of age, legally ‫ ابله‬ablah2 stupid, doltish, dull-witted;
major idiotic
‫ مَبلغ‬muballig bearer (of news), ‫ بلهارسيا‬bilkarsiyā bilharziasis, schistosomiasis
messenger; informer, denouncer; detective (med.)
2
‫ بلغة‬bulga, balga pl. -āt, bulag slipper of ‫ بلهنية‬bulahniya abundance, wealth, variety (of
yellow leather earthly possessions)
1
‫ بلغاريا‬bulgāriyā Bulgaria ‫ بلهوان‬see ‫بهلوان‬
‫ بلغارى‬bugārī Bulgarian (adj. and n.) 2
□ ‫ بلهون‬bulhōn pl. ‫ بلهين‬balāhīn2 (= ‫ابو الهول‬
‫ بلغم‬balgam phlegm; (pl. ‫ بلاغم‬balagim2) eg.) sphinx
expectoration, sputum (‫ بلو‬and ‫ بل )بلى‬balā u (balw, ‫ بلء‬balā’) to test,
‫ بلغمى‬balgamī phlegmatic; phlegmy, try, put to the test (‫ هـ‬s.o., • s.tb.); to know
mucous from long experience (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to afltict (
‫ هـ‬s.o.); -- ‫ بلى‬baliya a (‫ بلى‬bilan, ‫ بلء‬balā’)
‫ بلف‬balafa i (balf) to bluff II do.
to be or become old, worn, shabby
‫ بلف‬balf, ‫ بلفة‬balfa bluff (clothes); to dwindle away, vanish; to
‫ ابلق‬ablaq2 piebald deteriorate, decline, become decrepit; to
disintegrate (a corpse), decay, rot, spoil III
‫ بلقيس‬bilqīs2 Muslim name of the Queen of to care, be concerned (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬about), be
Sheba mindful (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of s.o., of s.th.); to pay
‫ البلقان‬al-balqān the Balkans attention (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬to), mind, heed, take into
consideration, take into account (‫ ب‬or ‫هـ‬
‫ بلقانى‬balqānī Balkan s.th.); to take notice (‫ ب‬of)│‫ مَا ابالى‬mā
‫ بلقع‬balqa‘ and ‫ بلقعة‬balqa‘a pl. ‫ بلاقع‬balāqi‘2 ubālī, ‫ لَ ابالى‬I don’t care! I don’t mind! it's
wasteland all right with me! ‫( لَ يبالى‬as a relat. clause)
unconcerned, heedless, careless, reckless
‫ بلك‬see ‫بلوك‬ IV to try, test, put to the test (‫ هـ‬s.o.); to
‫ بلكون‬balkōn balcony make experienced, harden, inure (‫ ه‬s.o.;
1 said of trials, experiences); to work havoc
‫ بلم‬balam anchovy
(‫ هـ‬on s.th.); to wear out (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ابلى بلء‬
2
‫ بلم‬balam pl. ‫ ابلام‬ablām sailing barge (ir.) ‫( حسنا‬balā’an ḥasanan) to stand the test; to
3
‫ بلم‬IV to be silent, hold one's tongue prove o.s. brave (in war) VIII to try,
tempt, put to the test (‫ هـ‬s.o.); to afflict ( ‫ب‬
‫ بلان‬ballān bathhouse attendant; name of a ‫ ه‬s.o. with), visit (‫ ب ه‬on s.o. s.th.); pass.
plant growing near stagnant waters ubtuliya to become or be afflicted (‫ ب‬with,
‫ بلانة‬ballāna female bathhouse attendant; by), suffer (‫ ب‬from)
lady's maid ‫ بلى‬bilan decline, deterioration; decay,
2
‫ بلنسية‬balansiya Valencia (region and city in E putrefaction, decomposition; worn
Spain) condition; wear; shabbiness
‫ بلين‬pl. ‫ بللين‬look up alphabetically ‫ بلي‬balīy worn, old, shabby, threadbare;
decrepit, dilapidated, decaying,
‫ بله‬baliha a to be stupid, simple-minded VI to decomposed, rotten
feign foolishness, pretend to be stupid X
to deem (‫ هـ‬s.o.) stupid or simple-minded ‫ بلية‬balīya pl. ‫ بليا‬balāyā trial,
tribulation, visitation, affliction, distress,
‫ بله‬balah and ‫ بلاهة‬balāha stupidity, misfortune, calamity
foolishness, simple-mindedness; idiocy,
imbecility│‫( بلاهة مَبكرة‬mubakkira) ‫ بلء‬balā’ trial. tribulation, visitation,
dementia praecox affliction, distress, misfortune; scourge,
plague; creditable performance, bravery,
‫ بله‬balha let alone, not to speak of, not to gallantry, heroic action│‫( بلء حسن‬ḥasan)
mention
favor, blessing, grace (of God); good ‫ بليسيه‬bilīsēh plissé, pleating
performance 1
‫ بلين‬ballīn pl. ‫ بللين‬balālīn2 pallium, liturgical
‫ بلوى‬balwā trial; tribulation, visitation, vestment of a bishop worn over the
affliction, distress, misfortune, calamity; chasuble (Chr.); monk's robe (Copt.·Chr.)
necessity, need│‫‘( عمت البلوى‬ammat) it has 2
‫ بليون‬balyūn pl. ‫ بلايين‬balayīn (U.S.) billion,
become a general necessity (G.B.) milliard; (U.S.) trillion, (G.B.)
‫ مَبالَة‬mubālāh consideration, regard, billion
heed, attention│ ‫لَ مَبالَة‬lā-mubālāh ‫ بم‬bamm lowest string of a musical instrument
indifference, unconcern, carelessness
‫ بمباغ‬bumbāg, ‫ بمباغة‬bumbāga bow tie
‫ ابتلء‬ibtilā’ trial, tribulation, affliction,
visitation ‫ بمباى‬bombāy Bombay
‫ بال‬bālin old, worn, worn out; shabby, ‫ بامَية‬look up alphabetically
threadbare, ragged, tattered; decrepit, 1
‫ بن‬V ‫ تبنى‬to adopt as son (‫ ه‬s.o.); to adopt.
dilapidated; decayed, rotten; obsolete, embrace (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
antiquated
‫ ابن‬ibn pl. ‫ ابناء‬abnā’, ‫ بنون‬banūn son;
‫ مَبال‬mubālin observant, heedful, mindful descendant. scion; offspring, son (of a
(‫ ب‬of)│ ‫غير مَبال ب‬heedless of nation or people)│ ‫ ابن آدم‬pl. ‫( بنو آدم‬son of
‫ مَبتلى‬mubtalan (less correctly ‫مَبتل‬ Adam) man, human being; ‫ ابن آوى‬ibn āwā
mubtalin) afflicted (‫ ب‬with, by), suffering jackal; ‫ ابن البلد‬ibn a1-balad local
(‫ ب‬from) inhabitant, native; ‫ ابناء البلد‬natives, native
population; ‫ ابن الحرب‬ibn al-ḥarb warrior;
‫ بلور‬II tabalwara to crystalize; to be soldier; warlike, bellicose; ‫ابن السبيل‬
crystalized; to be covered with crystals wayfarer, wanderer; 50 ‫ ابن خمسين سنة‬years
‫ بلور‬ballūr, billaur pl. -āt crystal; crystal old; ‫ ابن ساعته‬ibn sā‘atihī temporal,
glass, flint glass, glass│O ‫بلور صخرى‬ transient, passing; ‫ ابن صلبه‬ibn ṣulbihī his
(ṣaḳrī) rock crystal, transparent quartz own son; ‫ ابن عرس‬ibn ‘irs weasel; ‫بنو مَاء‬
‫ السماء‬banū mā’ as-samā’ the Arsbs; ‫بنو‬
‫ بلورة‬billaura (n. un.) pl. -āt crystal;
‫ سويف‬Beni Suef (city in Egypt, S of Cairo)
crystal glass, flint glass, glass; tube
(radio); crystal, quartz plate (of a ‫ ابنة‬ibna and ‫ بنت‬bint pl. ‫ بنات‬banāt
detector; radio); (syr., pronounced daughter; ‫ بنت‬girl│ ‫ ابنة العم‬i. al-‘amm
ballōra) negative (phot.) (female) cousin; periphrastically for wife:
‫ ابنة عمك‬your wife; ‫ بنت الفك‬b. a1-fikr pl. ‫بنا‬
‫ بلورى‬ballūrī, billaurī crystalline; crystal
‫ ت الَفكار‬thought, idea; ‫ بنات الَرض‬b. a1-
(adj.)
arḍ insects and worms; ‫ بنات بئس‬b. bi’s
‫ بلورية‬ballūrīya, billaurīya pl. -āt lense calamities, afflictions; ‫ بنات الدهر‬b. ad-dahr
(opt.) do.; ‫ بنت الشفه‬b. aš-šafa word; ‫ بنات الصدر‬b.
‫ مَبلور‬mubalwar: ‫ فواكه مَبلورة‬candied aṣ-ṣadr worries, fears, anxieties; ‫بنات وردان‬
fruits 75 b. wardāna earth worms, rainworms

‫( بلوز‬Fr. blouse) bəlūz, bəlūza pl. –āt blouse ‫ بني‬bunaiya my little son

‫( بلوك‬Turk. bölük) bulūk pl. -āt company (mil.; ‫ بنوة‬bunuwwa sonship, filiation
Eg.)│ ‫بلوك امَين‬b. amīn (mil.) approx.: ‫ بنوى‬banawi filial
quartermaster sergeant (formerly, Eg.)
‫ تبن‬tabannin adoption (also fig., e.g. of
‫ بلون‬ballūn balloon ideas, principles, etc.)
1
‫ بلى‬balā yes, yes indeed, certainly, surely 2
‫ بن‬bunn coffee beans, coffee
2
‫ بلى‬baliya etc., see ‫بلو‬ ‫ بنى‬bunnī coffee-colored, brown
‫( بلياتشو‬It. paglaccio) palyatšō clown, buffoon ‫ بنان‬banān finger tips│ ‫( يشار عليه ببنان‬yušāru
‫( بلياردو‬It. bigliardo) bilyardō billiards lit.: he is pointed at with fingers, i.e., he is
famous man; ‫ انا طوع بنانك‬anā tau‘a ‫ بنزهير‬banzahīr bezoar, bezoar stone
banānika I am at your disposal, I am at ‫ بنزين‬banzīn, benzīn gasoline, benzine
your service
‫( بنس‬Engl.) pence
‫ بنادورة‬banādōra (syr.; from It. pomodoro)
tomato(es) ‫ بنسلين‬benisilīn penicillin
‫ بنارس‬banāris2 Banaras or Benares (the Holy ‫( بنسيه‬Fr. pensée) banēh pansy (bot.)
City of the Hindus, in N India) ‫ بنسيون‬bansiyōn pl. -āt boardinghouse;
‫ بنباشى‬see ‫بكباشى‬ boarding school
‫ بنت‬see 1 ‫بن‬ ‫ بنصر‬binṣir f., pl. ‫ بناصر‬banāsir2 ring finger
‫ بنتو‬bintū napoleon, louis d'or (gold coin of 20 ‫ بنط‬bunṯ pl. ‫ بنوط‬bunūṯ point (stock market)
francs) ‫ بنطلون‬banṯalūn (from It. pantaloni) pl. –āt
‫ بنج‬II to dope, narcoticize (with banj; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to trousers, pants
anesthetize (. s.o.) ‫ بنغازى‬bangāzī Bengasi (city in NE Libya,
‫ بنج‬banj henbane (Hyoscyamus niger; capital of Cyrenaica)
bot); an anesthetic, a narcotic ‫ البنغال‬al-bangāl Bengal (region, NE Indian
‫ البنجاب‬al-banjāb the Punjab (region, NW subcontinent)
Indian subcontinent) ‫ بنفسج‬banafsaj (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬violet (bot.)
‫ بنجر‬banjar red beet (eg.) ‫ بنفسجى‬banafsajī violetlike, violetish;
‫ بند‬band pl. ‫ بنود‬bunūd article, clause, violet (adj.)│ ‫ فوق البنفسجى‬or ‫وراء البنفسجى‬
paragraph (of a. la.w, contract, etc.); ultraviolet
banner; large body of troops
‫ بنفش‬banfaš, banafš amethyst (min.)
‫ بندر‬bandar pl. ‫ بنادر‬banādir2 seaport;
commercial center; district capital (Eg.); ‫بن‬ ‫ بنقة‬binaqa and ‫ بنيقة‬banīqa gore, gusset (of a
‫ ادر‬see also under ‫ بنديرة‬below│ ‫بندر عباس‬ shirt or garment)
‘abbās Bandar Abbas (seaport in S Iran) 1
‫ بنك‬bunk root, core, heart, best part│ ‫بنك العمر‬
‫ بندورة‬look up alphabetically b. al-‘umr the prime of life, the best years
2
‫ بندق‬bunduq (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ بنادق‬banādiq2 ‫ بنك‬bank pl. ‫ بنوك‬bunūk bank, banking house│
hazelnut(s), filberts; hazel, hazel tree; ‫بندقة‬ ‫ بنك التسليف‬credit bank; ‫ بنك التوفير‬deposit
hazelnut, filbert; bullet bank; ‫ بنك الدم‬b. ad-dam blood bank; ‫البنك‬
‫( الدولى‬daulī) the World Bank
‫ بندقى‬bunduqī Venetian sequin 3
‫ مَبنك‬mubannak stranded
‫ بندقية‬bunduqīya pl. ‫ بنادق‬banādiq2 rifle, 4
gun│ ‫ بندقية رش‬b. rašš shotgun ‫ مَحنك مَبنك‬muḥannak mubannak shrewd, sly,
astute
‫ البندقية‬al.bunduqīya Venice
‫( بنكنوت‬Engl.) banknōt banknote
‫ بندقانى‬bunduqani pl. -ūn, ‫ بنادقة‬banādiqa
a Venitian ‫ بنوة‬and ‫ بنوى‬see 1‫بن‬
‫ بندوق‬bundūq pl. ‫ بناديق‬banādīq2 bastard ‫( بنوار‬Fr. baignoire) banwār baignoire, theater
box of the lowest tier
‫ بندورة‬banadōra (syr.; from It. pomodoro) 1
tomatoes ‫ بنى‬bana i (‫ بناء‬binā’, ‫ بنيان‬bunyān) and VIII to
build, erect, construct, set up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ احمر بندورى‬aḥmar2 banadōrī tomato-red build, establish, rest (‫ على هـ‬s.th. on); to
‫( بندول‬Fr. pendule) bandūl pendulum consummate the marriage (‫ بها‬and ‫عليها‬
with a woman); pass. buniya, ubtuniya to
‫( بنديرة‬Span. bandera) bandēra pl. ‫بنادر‬
be based, be built, rest (‫ على‬on)│ ‫بنى كلمة‬
banadir2 pennon, flag, banner
‫( على‬kalimalan) to give a word an
‫ بنور‬bannūr (= ‫ بلور‬ballūr) glass
indeclinable ending in (a certain vowel or descend unexpectedly (‫ ه‬upon s.o.); to
a vowelless consonant; gram.) V see 1 ‫بن‬ startle, stagger, flabbergast (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
surprise, astonish, amaze (‫ هـ‬s.o.) VII = I
‫ بناء‬binā’ building, construction,
erection, setting up; structure (also, e.g., ‫ بهت‬buht and ‫ بهتان‬buhtān slander, false
of an organism), setup, make-up; (pl. ‫ابنية‬ accusation; lie, untruth
abniya) building, structure, edifice│ ‫اعادة‬ ‫ بهتة‬bahta perplexity, amazement,
‫ البناء‬i‘ādat al-b. reconstruction; ‫البناء الحر‬ bewilderment, stupefaction
(ḥurr) Freemaaonry; ‫ بناء على‬binā’an ‘alā
according to, in accordance with, on the ‫ باهت‬bāhit pale, pallid, faded (color);
basis of, by virtue of, on the strength of; perplexed, aghast
‫ بناء على هذا‬accordingly, thus ‫ مَبهوت‬mabhūt perplexed, astonished,
‫ بنائى‬binā’ī constructional, building amazed, startled, flabbergasted, aghast
(used attributively); architectural; ‫ بهج‬bahija a to be glad, he bappy (‫ ب‬about),
structural he delighted (‫ ب‬at); -- bahuja u to be
‫ بنية‬binya, bunya pl. ‫ بنى‬binan, bunan beautiful, look wonderful IV to gladden,
structure, setup, make-up; binya build, delight, make happy (‫ ب‬s.o.) VIII to be
frame, physique, physical constitution│ glad, be happy (‫ ب‬about), be delighted (‫ب‬
‫ ضعيف البنية‬of delicate constitution; ‫صحيح‬ at)
‫ البنية‬and ‫ سليم البنية‬of sound constitution, ‫ بهجة‬bahja splendor, magnificence,
healthy; ‫ قوي البنية‬qawīy al-b. husky, sturdy beauty, resplendence; joy, delight│ ‫بهجة‬
‫ بناء‬bannā’ pl. -ūn builder; mason; ‫ الَنظار‬delight of the eyes, welcome sight
constructive│ ‫(بناء حر‬ḥurr) Freemason ‫ بهج‬bahij, ‫ بهيج‬bahīj magnificent,
‫ بناية‬bināya pl. -āt building, structure, splendid, beautiful; happy, joyous;
edifice delightful
‫ بنيان‬bunyān building, construction, ‫ مَبهجة‬mabhaja a moment of happiness
erection, setting up; building, structure, and joy
edifice; physique, stature ‫ مَباهج‬mabāhij joys, delights; pleasures,
‫ مَبنى‬mabnan pl. ‫ مَبان‬mabānin building, amusements, diversions; splendid things;
construction, erection, setting up; splendor, pomp, magnificence
building, structure. edifice; form; ‫ ابتهاج‬ibtihāj joy, rejoicing, delight (‫ ب‬at)
foundation, fundament, basis │ ‫الرأى‬
‫( والمبنى‬ra’y) content and form ‫ مَبهج‬mubhij pleasant, charming,
delightful
‫ تبن‬tabannin see 1 ‫بن‬
‫ مَبتهج‬mubtahij happy, glad, delighted
‫ بان‬bānin pl. ‫ بناة‬bunāh builder
‫ بهدل‬bahdala to insult (‫ ه‬s.o.); to treat
‫ مَبنى‬mabnīy built, set up. erected; contemptuously, meanly (‫ ه‬s.o.); to expose
founded, based, resting (‫ على‬on); fixed, (‫ ه‬s.o.) to ridicule, make a laughingstock (‫ه‬
established; indeclinable; ending of s.o.) II tabahdala pass. of I
indeclinably (‫ على‬in; gram.)
2
‫ بهدلة‬bahdala insult, affront, abuse,
‫( ﭙنى‬Engl.) penny outrage; meanness; triteness, insipidity
‫( بنيو‬It. bagno) banyō batb, bathtub ‫ مَبهدل‬mubahdal maltreated, oppressed,
‫ بهت‬bahita a, bahuta u and pass. buhita (baht) miserable
to be astonished, amazed, bewildered, ‫ بهر‬bahara a (bahr) and IV to glitter, shine; to
startled, perplexed, flabbergasted, dazzle, overwhelm (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.o.’s eyes)│
speechless; -- bahita to be or become pale, ‫شيء يبهر الَبصار‬a dazzling, overwhelming
fade (color); -- bahata a to astonish, thing; -- pass. buhira to be out of breath,
amaze, bewilder, startle, stagger, to pant VII to be dazzled, blinded; to be
flabbergast (‫ ه‬s.o.); (‫ بهتان‬buhtān) to smitten with blindness; to. be out of breath
slander, defame (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to come or
VIII to flaunt, parade, show off, present in ‫ بهل‬bahala a (bahl) to curse (‫ ه‬s.o.) V and VI
a dazzling light (‫ ب‬s.th.) to curse one another VIII to supplicate,
pray humbly (to God)
‫ بهر‬bahr deception, dazzlement (‫ ب‬by)
‫ ابهل‬abhal savin (Juniperus sabina; bot.)
‫ بهر‬buhr difficult respiration, labored
breathing ‫ ابتهال‬ibtihāl supplication, prayer
‫ بهر‬bahra (n. vic.) being dazzled, ‫ باهل‬bāhil pl. ‫ بهل‬buhl, buhhal free,
dazzlement independent
‫ بهرة‬buhra middle, center│ ‫ فى بهرة‬... ‫ بهلول‬buhlūl, bahlūl pl. ‫ بهاليل‬bahālīl2 buffoon,
amidst jester, clown, fool
‫ ابهر‬abhar2 more brilliant, more ‫ بهلوان‬bahlawān pl. -āt, -īya acrobat, tumbler,
magnificent equilibrist, ropedancer, tightrope walker
‫ ابهر‬abhar2 aorta (anat.) ‫ بهلوانى‬bahlawānī acrobatic│ ‫حركات‬
‫( بهلوانية‬ḥarakāt) acrobatics; antics, capers
‫ بهار‬bahār pl. -āt spice
of a tumbler; ‫( طيران بهلوانى‬ṯayarān) aerial
‫ ابتهار‬ibtihār dazzling display, show (‫ب‬ acrobatics, stunt flying
of s.th.)
‫ بهم‬IV to make obscure, dubious, unintelligible
‫ باهر‬bāhir dazzling, brilliant, splendid (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V and X to be obscure,
‫ مَبهور‬mabhūr breathless, out of breath, ambiguous, unintelligible (‫ على‬to s.o.)
panting ‫ بهمة‬bahma lamb, sheep
‫ بهرج‬bahraja (‫ بهرج‬bahraja) to adorn, deck ‫ بهيم‬bahīm pl. ‫ بهم‬buhum jet-black
out, dress up showily; to give a deceptive
‫ بهيمة‬bahīma pl. ‫ بهائم‬bahā’im beast,
brightness (‫ هـ‬to); to glamorize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
animal, quadruped; pl. livestock, cattle,
reject as false (‫ ه‬a witness); to fake,
(large) domestic animals
counterfeit (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II tabahraja to adorn
o.s., spruce o.s. up, dress up; to be fake ‫ بهيمى‬bahīmī animal, bestial, brutish
‫ بهرج‬bahraj false, spurious, fake, sham, ‫ بهيمية‬bahīmīya brutishness, bestiality,
worthless, bad; counterfeit money; tinsel, brutality
frippery, cheap finery; trash, cheap stuff ‫ ابهام‬ibhām obscurity; vagueness,
‫ بهرجة‬bahraja empty show, hollow ambiguity
pomp ‫ ابهام‬ibhām pl. ‫ اباهيم‬abāhīm2 thumb; big
‫ بهرجان‬bahrajan tinsel, frippery toe
‫ مَبهرج‬mubahraj showy, tawdry, gaudy, ‫ باهم‬bāhim big toe
ornate, ostentatious; trashy, rubbishy, ‫ مَبهم‬mubham obscure, dark, cryptic,
cheap, inartistic doubtful, vague, ambiguous│ ‫عدد مَبهم‬
‫ بهريز‬bahrīz (eg.) a soup (‘adad) abstract number (math.); O ‫العصب‬
‫‘( المبهم‬aṣab) the vagus (anat.); ‫الَسم المبهم‬
‫ بهظ‬bahaza a (bahz) to oppress weigh down (‫ه‬
(ism) the demonstrative pronoun (gram.)
s.o.; a load, work), weigh heavily (‫ هـ‬on
1
s.o.) IV do. (‫ بها )بهو‬bahā u, bahuwa u and ‫ بهى‬bahiya a (
‫ بهاء‬bahā’) to be beautiful III to vie,
‫ باهظ‬bāhiẓ heavy, oppressive, trying;
compete (‫ ب ه‬with s.o. in s.th.); to pride
excessive, exorbitant, enormous;
o.s. (‫ ب‬on)‫ و‬be proud (‫ ب‬of), boast (‫ ب‬of,
expensive, costly
‫ ب ه‬to s.o. of s.th.) VI to compete with one
‫ بهق‬bahaq a kind of lichen (bot.); herpetic another; to be proud (‫ ب‬of), pride o.s. (‫ب‬
eruption, tetter; vitiligo alba, a mild form on)
of leprosy (med.)
‫ بهو‬bahw pl. ‫ ابهاء‬abhā’ hall; parlor,
drawing room, reception hall
‫ بهى‬bahīy beautiful, magnificent, s.th., terminate, close s.th.; ‫( مَن باب الفضل‬b.
splendid; brilliant, radiant, shining il-faḍl) as a favor; ‫(مَن باب اولى‬aulā) with
all the more reason, the more so; ‫فى هذا‬
‫ بهاء‬bahā’ beauty, magnificence,
‫ الباب‬about this matter, about this; ‫مَن باب‬
splendor; brilliancy
‫( الضرورة ان‬b. iḍ-ḍarūra) it is necessary
‫ بهائى‬bahā’ī Bahai (adj.); (pl. -ūn) an that ... ; ‫( هذا ليس مَن باب الصدفة‬b. iṣ-ṣudfa)
adherent of the Bahai sect, a Bahai that’s no coincidence; ‫ كان مَن باب‬or ‫دخل في‬
‫ ابهى‬abhā more splendid, more brilliant ‫( باب‬with foll. genit.) to belong to, fall
under; ‫ فريد في بابه‬unique of its kind; ‫طلع‬
‫ مَباهاة‬mubāhāh and ‫ تباه‬tabāhin pride, ‫ على باب ا‬to pursue one's livelihood, earn
vainglory, boastfulness one’s bread 80
2
‫ بهوات‬see ‫بك‬ ‫ بابة‬bāba pl. -āt kind, sort, class,
(‫ باء )بوء‬bā’a u to come again, return; to category
come back (‫ ب‬with s.th.), bring back, ‫ بواب‬bawwāb pl. -ūn doorman,
yield, bring in (‫ ب‬s.th.)│‫ باء بالخيبة‬or ‫بالفشل‬ gatekeeper
(ḳaiba, fašal) to fail II to provide
accommodations (‫ ل‬and ‫ ه‬for s.o., ‫ هـ‬at a ‫ بوابة‬biwāba office of gatekeeper
place), put up (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬at)│‫بوأ مَكانا‬ ‫ بوابة‬bawwāba pl. -āt (large) gate,
(makānan) to take a place, settle down, portal│‫ بوابة القنطرة‬b. al-qanṯara lock gate
live or stay at a place IV to provide
‫ تبويب‬tabwīb division into chapters,
accommodations (‫ ه‬for s.o., ‫ هـ‬at a place);
sectioning, classification, systematic
to settle down, reside, live (‫ ب‬at a place) V
arrangement, grouping
to settle down (‫ هـ‬at a place), occupy (
‫ مَركزا‬markazan a place), hold (‫مَقامَا‬ ‫ مَبوب‬mubawwab arranged in groups,
maqāman a position)│‫( تبوأ مَكانا‬makānan) classed, classified
to gain ground, become generally ‫ بوبلين‬boblīn poplin
accepted; ‫‘( تبوأ العرش‬arš) to ascend the
throne; ‫( تبوأ الحكم‬ḥukm) to come to power, ‫( بوبينة‬Fr. bobine) bobīna spool, reel
take over power ‫ بويت‬see ‫بيت‬
‫ بيئة‬bī’a pl. -āt (usually pronounced ‫ بوتاس‬,‫( بوتاسا‬It. potasa) būtāsā, būtās potash
bai’a) pl. -āt residence, domicile, seat;
situation; surroundings, environment, ‫ بوتقة‬būtaqa (usually pronounced bautaqa)
milieu; home, habitat crucible, melting pot│‫في بوتقة الزمَان‬
(zamān) in the melting pot of time
‫ مَباءة‬mabā’a place to which s.th. comes;
abode, dwelling, habitation ‫( بوجية‬Fr. bougie) bužīh pl. -āt spark plug (eg.)
‫ تبوء‬tabawwu’: ‫ تبوء العرش‬t. al-‘arš (‫ باح )بوح‬bāḥa u (bauḥ) to become known, be
accession to the throne revealed, be divulged, leak out (secret); to
reveal, disclose, divulge (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th., a
‫ بوب‬II to divide into chapters or sections (‫هـ‬ secret; ‫ الى‬and ‫ ل‬to s.o.) IV to disclose,
s.th.); to arrange in groups, arrange reveal (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to release,
systematically, class, classify (‫ هـ‬s.th.) abandon, make public property, declare
‫ باب‬bāb pl. ‫ ابواب‬abwāb, ‫ بيبان‬bībān ownerless (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to permit, allow, leave
door;; gate; opening, gateway; entrance; (s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to justify, warrant (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
chapter, section, column, rubric; group, X to reveal (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to regard as public
class, category; field, domain (fig.)│ ‫الباب‬ property, as ownerless, as fair game; to
‫ العالى‬the Sublime Porte; ‫ باب المندب‬b. al- deem permissible, lawful (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to hurt
mandab Bab el Mandeb (strait between (‫ حرمَته‬ḥurmatahū s.o.’s honor); to take
SW Arabia and Africa; geogr.); ‫على الَبواب‬ possession (‫ هـ‬of), appropriate, take as
near, imminent; ‫ فتح بابا جديدا‬to open up a booty (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to seize, confiscate (‫هـ‬
new way, a new possibility; ‫ فتح باب‬futiḥa s.th.)│‫( استباح دمَه‬damahū) to proscribe,
bāb ... was (were) begun, ... got under outlaw s.o.
way; ‫( قفل باب الشيء‬qafala) to put an end to
‫ بوح‬bauḥ divulgence, disclosure (of a girl could not get a husband II to let lie
secret); confession fallow (‫ هـ‬land); to make unprofitable,
useless (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to destroy
‫ بوح‬būḥ wide, open space; courtyard;
hall ‫ بور‬būr uncultivated, fallow│ ‫ارض بور‬
(arḍ), pl. ‫( اراض بور‬arāḍin) fallow land,
‫ باحة‬bāḥa pl. -āt wide, open space; open
wasteland
place, square, plaza; courtyard; hall
‫ اباحة‬ibāḥa divulgence, disclosure (of a ‫ بوار‬bawār perdition, ruin│ ‫ دار البوار‬hell
secret); permission, authorization; ‫ بائر‬bā’ir uncultivated, fallow (land)
licentiousness
‫ بورانى‬baurānī (eg.) a vegetable stew
‫ اباحى‬ibāḥī licentious, unrestrained,
‫ بور سعيد‬būr sa‘īd Port Said (seaport in NE
uninhibited; anarchist; freethinker
Egypt)
‫ اباحية‬ibāḥīya freethinking, libertinism;
‫ بور سودان‬būr sūdān Port Sudan (seaport in NE
anarchism
Sudan)
‫ استباحة‬istibāḥa appropriation, capture,
‫ بورتوريكو‬burturīkū Puerto Rico
seizure; spoliation, confiscation
‫ بورتغال‬burtugāl Portugal
‫ مَباح‬mubāḥ permitted, allowed,
permissible; legal, lawful, licit, legitimate; ‫ بورصة‬būrṣa pl. -āt stock exhange
open to everyone, permitted for all, free; ‫ بور فؤاد‬Port Fuad (seaport in NE Egypt,
ownerless (1.1. Law); indifferent (said of opposite Port Said)
actions for which neither reward nor
punishment is to be expected, but which ‫ بورق‬bauraq borax
are permissible, pl. ‫ مَباحات‬indifferent, ‫ بورمَا‬burma Burma
permissible actions, Isl. Law) 1
‫( بورى‬Turk. boru) būrī trumpet, bugle
(‫ باخ )بوخ‬bāḳa u to abate, subside, let up,
decrease; to die, go out (fire); to fade, ‫ بوروجى‬biūjī pl. -īya trumpeter, bugler
bleach; to spoil, rot (e.g., meat) II to spoil 2
‫ بورى‬būrī (pl. ‫ بوارى‬bawārī) striped mullet
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) (Mugil cephalus; zool.)
‫ بواخ‬buwāḳ evaporation, exhalation, 3
‫( بوريه‬Fr.) būrēh purée
vapor, steam 1
‫ بوز‬II to pout, sulk, look glum, sullen
‫ تبويخ‬tabwīḳ: ‫ تبويخ النكتة‬an-nukta the
‫ بوز‬būz pl. ‫ ابواز‬abwāz muzzle, snout
spoiling of the point of a story
‫ تبويزة‬tabwīza sullen mien
□ ‫ بايخ‬bāyiḳ spoiled, bad; vapid, insipid,
stale (also, e.g., of a joke) ‫ مَبوز‬mubawwaz sullen, glum
2
‫ بوخارست‬būḳārest Bucharest ‫ بوز‬būz, ‫ بوزة‬bum ice cream
3
‫( بودرة‬Fr. poudre) būdra powder ‫بوزة‬būza a beerlike beverage
‫ بودقة‬būdaqa pl. ‫ بوادق‬bawādiq2 crucible, 4
‫باز‬bāz pl. ‫ ابواز‬abwāz, ‫ بيزان‬bīzān falcon
melting pot 1
‫ بوس‬būs bus
‫ بوذا‬būdā Buddha 2
‫ بوس(( باس‬bāsa u (baus) to kiss (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ بوذى‬būdī Buddhistic; Buddhist ‫ بوسة‬bausa, būsa kiss
‫ بوذية‬būdīya Buddhism ‫( بوستو‬It. busto) bustū corset
(‫ بار )بور‬bāra u (baur, ‫ بوار‬bawār) to perish; to ‫ بوستة‬,‫( بوسطة‬It. posta) busṯa, busta post, mail
lie fallow, be uncultivated (land); to be
futile, unsuccessful, unprofitable, lead to ‫ البوسفور‬al-busfūr the Bosporus
nothing (work); to be unsalable, be dead (‫ باش )بوش‬bāša u (bauš) to be boisterous,
stock (merchandise)│‫( بارت البنات‬bint) the shout, roar (crowd) II do.
‫ بوش‬bauš pl. ‫ اوباش‬aubāš (for ‫ )ابواش‬mob. ‫( بوكسكاف‬Engl.) bokəkāf box calf
rabble 1
(‫ بال )بول‬bāl u (baul) and V to make water,
1
‫ بوص‬būṣ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬reed urinate IV to be diuretic X to cause to
urinate
‫ بوصة‬būṣa pl. -āt inch
2 ‫ بول‬baul pl. ‫ ابوال‬abwāl urine│ ‫مَرض البول‬
‫ بوص‬būṣ pl. ‫ ابواص‬abwāṣ, linen or silk fabric
‫ السكرى‬maraḍ al-b. as-sukarī diabetes
‫( بوصلة‬It. bussola) bōṣla compass
‫ بولى‬baulī uric, urinary, urinous│ ‫المسالك‬
‫ بوطة‬būṯa crucible, melting pot ‫ البولية‬the urinary passages; ‫الَمَراض البولية‬
‫ بوظة‬būẓa a beerlike beverage diseases of the kidney and urinary
1
bladder; ‫( تسمم بولى‬tasammum) uremia
‫ بوع‬bū‘ metatarsal bone (anat.)│ ‫لَ يعرف الكوع‬ (med.)
‫ مَن البوع‬h‫ ث‬wouldn’t know his knee from
his elbow (proverbially, of a stupid ‫ بيلة‬bīla: O ‫( بيلة آحانية‬āḥīnīya)
person) albuminuria; O ‫( بيلة دمَوية‬damawīya)
2
hematuria (med.)
‫ باع‬bā‘ pl. ‫ ابواع‬abwā‘ the span of the
outspread arms, fathom; in Eg. today = 4 ‫ بوالة‬bawwāla public lavatory
ḍirā‘ mi‘mārīya = 3 m│ ‫ طويل الباع‬mighty, ‫ مَبولة‬mabwala pl. ‫ مَباول‬mabāwil2 urinal;
powerful; capable, able; knowledgeable; a diuretic; -- mibwala chamber pot; toilet,
generous, liberal; ‫ قصير الباع‬powerless, water closet
helpless, impotent, weak, incapable;
‫ استبوال‬istibwāl: O ‫ استبوال‬ist. ad-dam
niggardly, stingy; ‫ قصير الباع‬impotence,
uremia (med.)
weakness; incapability (‫ عن‬of); ‫بالباع والذراع‬
2
with might and main ‫ بال‬bāl state, condition; heart, mind; notice,
1 regard, attention│‫ ذو بال‬significant,
‫ بوغ‬II to surprise
notable, considerable, important, serious,
1
‫ باغة‬bāga celluloid; tortoise shell grave; ‫ فراغ البال‬farāg al-b. leisure; ‫مَشغول‬
‫ بوغادة‬būgāda and ‫ بوغاضة‬būgāḍa potash, lye ‫ البال‬anxious, uneasy, concerned, worried.;
‫ طويل البال‬long-suffering, patient; ‫ مَا باله‬...
‫ بوغاز‬būgāz pl. ‫ بواغيز‬bawāgīiz2 strait(s); (with verb) why is it that he (it) ... ?
harbor│ ‫بوغاز الدردنيل‬the Dardanelles why ... ? ‫ مَا بالك‬how about you? what do
‫( بوفيه‬Fr. buffet) būfēh buffet; bar; sideboard you think? ‫ خل باله‬ḳalā bāluhū his mind is
at rest, he has no worries; ‫ خطر بباله‬it
‫ بوق‬II to blow the trumpet occurred to him, it came to his mind; ‫اعطى‬
‫ بوق‬būq pl. -āt, ‫ ابواق‬abwāq trumpet, (‫ جعل( باله الى )ل‬،‫( )القى‬a‘ṯā, alqā, ja‘ala) to
bugle; fanfare; horn (of an automobile, of turn one’s mind to, give one’s attention to,
a gramophone); acoustic signaling device; pay attention to, take into account, be
megaphone; mouthpiece, spokesman; mindful of, bear in mind, heed s.th.; ‫لم يلق‬
duplicity, treachery, betrayal│ ‫بوق الصوت‬ َ‫ لقولى بال‬lam yulqi li-qaulī bālan he didn't
b. aṣ-ṣaut or ‫ بوق الراديو‬loudspeaker pay any attention to what I said; ‫لَ يقل عنه‬
(radio); O ‫( بوق رحمى‬raḥimi) oviduct, َ‫( بال‬yaqillu) no less significant than this
Fallopian tube (anat.) 3
‫ بول‬būl postage stamp
‫ بواق‬bawwāq trumpeter, bugler 4
‫ بال‬bāl whale (zool.)
‫ باقة‬bāqa bundle; bunch of flowers, 5
‫ بالة‬look up alphabetically
nosegay, bouquet
□ ‫ بولَد‬būlād (= ‫ )فولَذ‬steel
‫ بائقة‬bā’iqa pl. ‫ بوائق‬bawā’iq2 misfortune,
calamity ‫ بولصة‬see ‫بوليسة‬
‫ بوقال‬būqāl, ‫ بوقالة‬būqala pl. ‫ بواقيل‬bawāqīl2 ‫ بولَق‬būlāq2 a district of Cairo
vessel without handles, mug ‫ بولندة‬bōlanda Poland
‫ بوكسفورد‬boksəford patrol wagon, paddy ‫ بولندى‬bōlandī Polish; (pl. -ūn) Pole
wagon, Black Maria
1
‫ بولو‬bōlō polo ‫ بيب‬bīb pipe, tube; feed pipe, spout (of a
reservoir or tank)
‫( بولونيا‬It. Polonia) būlūniya Poland
2
‫ بيبة‬bība (Western) smoking pipe
‫ بولوني‬būlūnī Polish; Pole
1 (‫ بات )بيت‬bāta i (‫ مَبيت‬mabīt) to pass or spend
‫( بوليس‬Fr. police) būlīs police│‫ بوليس الداب‬vice
the night; to stay overnight; to become; to
squad; ‫( البوليس الجنائى‬jinā’ī) criminal
be (‫ فى‬in a situation); with foll. imperf.: to
police; ‫( البوليس الحربى‬ḥarbī) military
get into a situation. Get to the point
police; ‫( البوليس السرى‬sirrī) secret police;
where; to continue to do s.th., go on or
‫ بوليس المرور‬traffic police
keep doing s.th., stick to s.th. II to brood
‫ رواية بوليسية‬riwāya būlīsīya detective (by night; ‫ هـ‬about s.th.); to contrive, hatch
story (‫ هـ‬an evil plan, ‫ ل‬against s.o.), plot (‫ل‬
2
‫ بوليسة‬and ‫( بوليصة‬Fr. police) būlīsā, būlīṣa pl. against s.o.); to put up for the night (‫ه‬
‫ بوالص‬bawāliṣ2, ‫ بوالس‬bawālis2 certificate s.o.)│‫( بيت فى الصف‬ṣaff; eg.) to flunk, fail
of insurance, policy│‫ بوليسة الشحن‬b. aš- promotion (pupil) IV to put up for the
šaḥn bill of lading night (‫ ه‬s.o.)

‫ بوليفيا‬būlīfiyā Bolivia ‫ بيت‬bait pl. ‫ بيوت‬buyūt, ‫ بيوتات‬buyūtāt


house, building; tent (of nomads); room;
‫ بوليفى‬būlīfī Bolivian apartment, flat; (garden) bed; family; case,
O ‫ داء البولينا‬dā’ al-baulīnā uremia box, covering, sheath; pl. ‫ بيوتات‬large,
respectable houses; respectable families;
‫ بوم‬būm (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ابوام‬abwām owl (pl. ‫ ابيات‬abyāt) verse│ ‫ بيت الَبرة‬b. al-ibra
1
‫ بون‬baun, būn interval, distance; difference (navigator’s) compass; ‫ اهل البيت‬ahl al-b.
2 family, specif., the family of the Prophet;
‫ بان‬coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬ben tree (Moringa; bot.;
‫ اهل البيوتات‬people from good, respectable
horse-radish tree (Moringa oleifera; bot.);
families; ‫( بيوتات تجارية‬tijārīya) commercial
Egyptian willow (Salix aegyptiaca L.;
houses; ‫( البيت الحرام‬ḥaram) the Kaaba; ‫بيت‬
bot.)
‫ الخلء‬b. al-ḳalā’ and ‫ بيت الَدب‬b. al-adab
‫ بونسايرس‬Buenos Aires toilet, water closet; ‫ بيت الداء‬origin or seat
‫( بونى‬Engl.) bōnī pl. ‫ بوانى‬bawānī pony of the disease; ‫( بيت ريفى‬rīfī) country
house; ‫ بيت القصيدة‬and ‫( بيت القصيد‬the
‫ باه‬bāh coitus; sexual potency; sexuality essential, principal verse of the kasidah,
‫( بوهيميا‬Engl.) bōhīmiyā Bohemia i.e.) the quintessence; the gist, the
essential, the hit of s.th.; s.th. that stands
‫ بوهيمي‬bōhēmī Bohemian (adj. and n.) out from the rest, the right thing; ‫بيت لحم‬
‫ بوهيمية‬bōhēmīya Bohemianism, baitalaḥm2 Bethlehem; ‫ البيت الملك‬the ruling
Bohemian life house; ‫ بيت المال‬treasure house; fisc,
treasury, exchequer (Isl. Law); (Tun.)
‫ بؤونة‬ba’ūna the tenth month of the Coptic
administration of vacant Muslim states
year
‫ بيتى‬baitī domestic, private, home, of the
‫( بوية‬Turk. boya) bōya paint; shoe polish house, house- (in compounds);
‫ بوياجى‬,‫( بويجى‬eg.) boyagī house painter, domesticated (animals); home made
painter; shoeshine, bootblack ‫ بويت‬buwait pl. -āt small house; small
‫ بية‬bayya = ‫ باية‬look up alphabetically tent

‫ بيئة‬see ‫بوء‬ ‫ بيات‬bayyāt pl. -ūn and ‫ بياتة‬bayyāta


boarder (student); (pl. -ūn) pupil of a
‫ بيادة‬biyāda infantry (Eg.) boarding school (tun.)
‫ بيادى‬biyādī infantryman, foot soldier ‫ بيوت‬bayyūt stale, old
‫ بيانو‬,‫ بيانة‬,‫ بيان‬biyān, biyāna, biyānō pl. ‫بيانات‬ ‫ مَبيت‬mabīt overnight stop, overnight
biyānāt piano stay; shelter for the night
‫ بائت‬bā’it stale, old; (eg.) not promoted, ‫ بيزنطي‬bīzanṯī Byzantine
‫( فى الصف‬ṣaff) in school ‫ بيسون‬bīsōn bison
‫ مَبيت‬mubayyit plotter, schemer, intrigant (‫ باض )بيض‬bāḍa i to lay eggs (also ‫ ;)هـ‬to stay,
‫ بيجامَا‬bījāmā and ‫ بيجامَة‬bījāma pajama settle down, be or become resident (‫ ب‬at a
1 place)│ ‫( باض بالمكان وفرخ‬wa-farraḳa) to be
(‫ باد )بيد‬bāda i to perish, die, pass away,
born and grow up in a place; to establish
become extinct IV to destroy, exterminate,
itself and spread (plague) II to make
extirpate (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.)
white, paint white, whitewash, whiten (‫هـ‬
‫ بيد ان‬baida anna although, whereas; s.th.); to bleach, blanch (‫ هـ‬s.th., textiles,
(esp., introducing a sentence:) yet, laundry, rice, etc.); to tin, tinplate (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
however, but, ... though to make a fair copy (‫ هـ‬of s.th.)│ ‫بيض‬
‫ بيداء‬baidā’2 pl. ‫ بيد‬bīd, ‫ بيداوات‬baidawāt ‫(الوجه‬wajhahū) to make s.o. appear
desert, steppe, wilderness blameless, in a favorable light, to
whitewash, exculpate, vindicate, justify
‫ ابادة‬ibāda annihilation, extermination, s.o., play s.o. up, make much of s.o.; to
eradication, extirpation honor s.o., show honor to s.o.; ‫بيض الله‬
‫ بائد‬bā’id passing, transitory, temporal; ‫ وجهه‬may God make him happy! ‫لَ يبيض مَن‬
past, bygone ‫ صحيفته‬this doesn't show him in a
favorable light V pass. of II; IX to be or
‫ مَبيد‬mubīd destructive, annihilative; (pl. become white
-āt) means of extermination│ ‫مَبيدات حشرية‬
(ḥašarīya) insecticides ‫ بيض‬baiḍ pl. ‫ بيوض‬buyūḍ eggs
2
‫ بيادة‬look up alphabetically ‫ بيضة‬baiḍa (n. un.) pl. -āt egg; testicle; helmet;
main part, substance, essence│ ‫بيضة الديك‬
‫ بيدر‬baidar pl. ‫ بيادر‬bayādir2 threshing floor b. ad-dīik (the egg of a rooster i.e.) an
‫ بيدق‬baidaq (and ‫ )بيذق‬pl. ‫ بيادق‬bayādiq2 pawn impossible or extraordinary thing; ‫بيضة البلد‬
(in chess) b. al-balad a man held in high esteem in
his community; ‫( فى بيضة النهار‬b. in-nahār)
‫ بيذنجان‬see ‫ باذنجان‬alphabetically
in broad daylight; ‫ بيضة الصيف‬b. aṣ-ṣaif
1
□ ‫ بيارة‬bayyāra pl. -āt (pal.) irrigation wheel; the hottest part of the summer; ‫بيضة الَسلم‬
plantation the territory or pale of Islam; ‫الدفاع عن بيضة‬
2
‫ بيرة‬,‫( بيرا‬It. birra) bīrā, bīra beer│‫مَصنع البيرا‬ ‫ عن بيضة الوطن‬85 ,‫( الدين‬b. id-dīn, b. il-
maṣna‘ al-b. brewery waṯan) defense of the faith, of the country;
‫ بيضة الخدر‬b. al-ḳidr a woman seluded from
‫ بيرق‬bairaq pl. ‫ بايرق‬bayāriq2 flag, banner, the outside world, a chaste, respectable
standard woman
‫ بيرقدار‬bairaqdār color-bearer, standard- ‫ بيضى‬baiḍī, ‫ بيضوى‬baiḍawī and ‫بيضاوى‬
bearer baiḍāwī egg-shaped, oviform, oval, ovate
‫( جبال البيرنيه‬Fr. Pyrénées) jibāl al-bīrinēh the ‫ بييضة‬buyaiḍa and ‫ بويضة‬buwaiḍa pl. -āt
Pyrenees small egg, ovule; ovum
1
‫ بيرو‬bērū Peru ‫ بياض‬bayāḍ white, whiteness:
2
‫( بيرو‬Fr. bureau) bīrō pl. -āt office, bureau whitewash; -- (pl. -āt) barren, desolate,
uncultivated land, wasteland: gap, blank
‫ بيروت‬bairūt2 Beirut (capital of Lebanon) space (in a manuscript); blank; leucoma
‫ بيروتى‬bairūtī pl. ‫ بوارتة‬bawārita, ‫بيارتة‬ (med.); linen, pl. ‫ بياضات‬linen goods,
bayārita a native or inhabitant of Beirut linens; (syr.) milk, butter, and eggs│ ‫بياض‬
‫ البيت‬b. al-bait white of egg, albumen: ‫بياض‬
‫ بيروقراطى‬bīruqrāṯī bureaucratic
‫ العين‬b. al-‘ain the white of the eye: ‫بياض‬
‫ بيروقراطية‬bīrūqrāṯīya bureaucracy; red tape ‫ النهار‬b. an-nahār daylight, (acc.) by day,
‫ بيزنطيا‬bīzanṯiyā Byzantium during the daytime; ‫بياض يومَه وسواد ليله‬
bayāḍa yaumihi wa-sawāda lailihi by day
and by night: ‫ بياض الوجه‬b. al-wajh tine to offer for sale (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to agree on the
character, good reputation; ‫سمك بياض‬ terms of a sale, conclude a bargain VII to
samak b. a Nile fish (eg.); ‫ على بياض‬blank, be sold, be for sale VIII to buy, purchase (
free from writing, printing or marks, ‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from s.o. and ‫ هـ ه‬from s.o.
uninscribed; (‫ ارتدى‬or) ‫( لبس البياض‬labisa, s.th.)│ ‫( لَ ابتاع مَنه ولَ ابيعه‬abtā‘u, abī‘uhū)
irtada) to dress in white I don't trust him
‫ بيوض‬bayūḍ pl. ‫ بيض‬buyūḍ, bīḍ (egg-) ‫ بيع‬bai‘ pl. ‫ بيوع‬buyū‘,‫ بيوعات‬buyū‘āt
laying sale│‫ للبيع‬for sale; ‫ بيوعات( جبرية‬or) ‫بيوع‬
(jabrīya) forced sales, compulsory sale by
‫ ابيض‬abyaḍ2, f. ‫ بيضاء‬baiḍā’2, pl. ‫ بيض‬bīḍ
auction: ‫( بيع بالجملة‬jumla) wholesale sale;
white; bright; clean, shiny, polished;
‫( بيع بالخيار‬ḳiyār) optional sale (Isl. Law);
blameless, noble, sincere (character);
‫( بيع لخر راغب‬li-āḳir rāgibīn) sale to the
empty, blank (sheet of paper); pl. ‫البيضان‬
highest bidder; ‫ بيع العينة‬b. al-‘īna credit
al-bīḍān the white race; ‫ الَبيض‬white of
operation (Isl. Law)
egg, albumen│ ‫( ارض بيضاء‬arḍ) barren,
uncultivated land, wasteland; ‫ثورة بيضاء‬ ‫ بيعة‬bai‘a agreement, arrangement;
(ṯaura) peaceful, bloodless revolution; business deal, commercial transaction,
‫( الخيط الَبيض‬ḳaiṯ) first light of dawn; ‫الذهب‬ bargain; sale; purchase; homage│‫على البيعة‬
‫( الَبيض‬dahab) platinum; ‫ بالسلح الَبيض‬with into the bargain
cold steel; ‫( صحيفته بيضاء‬ṣaḥīfatuhū) his
‫ بياع‬bayyā‘ salesman, merchant, dealer,
reputation is good: he has noble de.ds to commission agent, middleman
his credit, he has a noble character; ‫صحف‬
‫( بيضاء‬ṣuḥuf) noble, glorious deeds: ‫اكذوبة‬ ‫ مَبيع‬mabī‘ sale, pl. -āt sales (esp. on the
‫( بيضاء‬ukdūba) white lie, fih: ‫ليلة بيضاء‬ stock market)
(laila) a sleepless night, a night spent ‫ مَبايعة‬mubāya‘a pl. -āt conclusion of
awake: ‫( الموت الَبيض‬maut) natural death; ‫يد‬ contract; homage; pledge of allegiance;
‫( بيضاء‬yad) beneficent hand, benefaction transaction
‫ مَبيض‬mabīḍ, mibyaḍ ovary (anat.) ‫ ابتياع‬ibtiyā‘ purchase
‫ تبييضة‬tabyīḍa fair copy ‫ بائع‬bā’i‘2 pl. ‫ باعة‬bā‘a seller, vendor;
O ‫ ابيضاض‬ibyiḍāḍ leukemia (med.) dealer, merchant; salesman
‫ بائض‬bā’iḍ pl. ‫ بوائض‬bawā’iḍ2 (egg-) ‫ بائعة‬bā’i‘a saleswoman
laying ‫ مَبيع‬mabī‘ and ‫ مَباع‬mubā‘ sold
‫ مَبيض‬mubayyiḍ pl. -ūn whitewasher; ‫ مَبتاع‬mubtā‘ buyer, purchaser
bleacher; tinner; copyist, transcriber (of 2
fair copy) ‫ بيعة‬bai‘a pl. -āt, ‫ بيع‬biya‘ (Chr.) church;
synagogue
‫ مَبيضة‬mubayyaḍa fair copy
‫ بيك‬bē (eg.), bēg, bēk pl. ‫ بيكوات‬bēgawāt (syr.)
‫ بيطر‬baiṯara to practice veterinary science; to bey (title of courtesy); cf. ‫بك‬
shoe (‫ هـ‬a horse)
‫ بيكوية‬bīkawīya rank of bey
‫ بيطار‬baiṯar pl. ‫ بياطرة‬bayātira
veterinarian; farrier ‫ بيكار‬bīkār compass, (pair of) dividers
‫ بيطرى‬baiṯarī veterinary│‫الطب البيطرى‬ ‫ بيكباشى‬see ‫بكباشى‬
(ṯibb) veterinary medicine; ‫طبيب بيطرى‬ ‫( بيكه‬Fr.) bīkeh plqué (fabric)
veterinarian 1
‫( بيل‬Fr. bille) bīl ball│‫ كرسى بيل‬kursī b. ball
‫ بيطرة‬baiṯara veterinary science; farriery bearing
1
(‫ باع )بيع‬bā‘a i (bai‘,‫ مَبيع‬mabī‘) to sell (‫ هـ‬s.th., 2
‫ بيلة‬bīla see ‫بول‬
‫ ه‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o., ‫ ب‬for a price) III to make a
contract (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to pay homage (‫ ه‬to ‫ بيلسان‬bailasān black elder (bot.)
s.o.); to acknowledge as sovereign or ‫ بيلهارسيا‬bilharsiyā bilharziasis, schistosomiasis
leader (‫ ه‬s.o.), pledge allegiance (‫ ه‬to) IV (med.)
‫( بيليه‬Fr. bille) bīlya pl. -āt little ball, marble from among them, from their midst; ‫بين بين‬
something between, a cross, a mixture, a
‫ بيمارستان‬bīmāristān hospltal; lunatic asylum
combination; neither good nor bad,
1
(‫ بان )بين‬bāna i (‫ بيان‬bayān) to be or become medium, tolerable; ‫ شيء بين بين‬something
plain, evident, come out, come to light; to between, a cross, a mixture, a
be clear (‫ ل‬to s.o.); (‫ بين‬bain, ‫بينونة‬ combination; ‫( بين وقت وآخر‬waqt, āḳar), ‫بين‬
bainūna) to part, be separated (‫ مَن‬from) II ‫( فترة وأخرى‬fatra, uḳrā) at times, from time
to make clear, plain, visible, evident (‫هـ‬ to time
s.th.); to announce (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to state (‫هـ‬
‫ مَا بين‬mā-baina look up alphabetically
s.th.); to show, demonstrate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
explain, expound, elucidate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), ‫ بينا‬bainā, ‫ بينما‬bainamā (conj.) while;
throw light (‫ هـ‬on) III to part, go away (‫ه‬ whereas
from), leave (‫ ه‬s.o.); to differ, be different ‫ بين‬bayyin clear, plain, evident, obvious,
(‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬from), be unlike s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to patent; (pl. ‫ ابنياء‬abyinā’2) eloquent
contradict (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be contrary (‫ هـ‬to); to
conflict, be at variance, be inconsistent (‫هـ‬ ‫ بيان‬bayān pl. -āt clearness, plainness,
with s.th.) IV to explain, expound, patency, obviousness; statement,
elucidate (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to separate, declaration, announcement; manifestation;
sift, distinguish (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from); to be explanation, elucidation, illustration;
clear, plain, evident V to be or become information, news; (official) report.
clear, intelligible (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to turn out, (official) statement; enumeration, index,
prove in the end, appear, become evident; list; eloquence; ‫ البيان‬the Koran; see also
to follow (‫ مَن‬from), be explained (‫ مَن‬by); alphabetically│‫ بيان الحقيقة‬correction
to be clearly distinguished (‫ مَن‬from); to (journ.); ‫( غني عن البيان‬ganīy) self-
seek to ascertain (‫ هـ‬s.th.), try to get at the explanatory, self-evident; ‫‘ علم البيان‬ilm al-
mct8 (‫ هـ‬of); to eye or examine critically, b. rhetoric; ‫‘ عطف البيان‬aṯf al-b. explicative
scrutinize (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to look, peer (‫هـ‬ apposition (gram.)
at); to see through s.th. (‫)هـ‬, see clearly, ‫ بيانى‬bayānī explanatory, illustrative;
perceive, notice, discover, find out (‫هـ‬ rhetorical
s.th.); to distinguish (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from) VI to
differ, be different, be opposed, be ‫ بينة‬bayyina pl. -āt clear proof,
contrary; to vary greatly, differ widely; to indisputable evidence; evidence (Isl.
vary, differ, fluctuate (‫ بين‬between two Law); a document serving &8 evidence│
amounts or limits) X to be or become ‫( بينة ظرفية‬ẓarfīya) circumstantial evidence;
clear, plain, evident; to Bee, know, ‫ على بينة‬as has been proved; ‫كان على بينة مَن‬
perceive, notice (‫ هـ‬s.th.); pass. ustubīna to to be fully aware of; to he well-informed,
follow clearly, be clearly seen (‫ مَن‬from) well-posted, up-to-date about
‫ بين‬bain separation, division; interval; ‫ ابين‬abyan2 clearer, more distinct, more
difference│‫ ذات البين‬enmity, disunion, obvious
discord; ‫ فى البين‬meantime, meanwhile ‫ تبيان‬tibyān exposition, demonstration,
‫ بين‬baina (prep.) or ‫ فيما بين‬fī-ma b. explanation, illustration
between; among, amidst│‫ – بين – و‬either -- ‫ تبيين‬tabyīn and ‫ ابانة‬ibāna exposition,
or, partly -- partly, e.g., ‫كان القوم بين صامَت‬ demonstration, explanation, illustration
‫( ومَتكلم‬ṣāmitin wa-mutakallimin) the crowd
was divided among those who were silent ‫ تباين‬tabayun difference, unlikeness,
and those who talked; ‫( بين يديه‬yadaihi) in dissimilarity, disparity
front of him, before him, in his presence; ‫ تباينى‬tabāyunī different, differing,
with him. on him, in his possession, e.g., َ‫ل‬ conflicting
‫( سلح بين يديه‬silāḥa) he hasn’t got a
‫ بائن‬bā’in clear, plain, evident, obvious,
weapon on him, he is unarmed; ‫فيما بين ذلك‬
patent; final, irrevocable (divorce; Isl.
meanwhile, in the meantime; ‫فيما بينى وبين‬
Law); of great length│‫ بائن الطول‬b. aṯ-ṯūl
‫ نفسى‬in my heart, at heart, inwardly; ‫بين‬
towering, of unusual height (person)
‫ ذراعيه‬in his arms; ‫ مَن بينهم‬min bainihim
‫ بائنة‬bā’ina bride’s dowry ‫ تب‬tabba i (tabb, ‫ تبب‬tabab, ‫ تباب‬tabāb) to
perish, be destroyed X to stabilize, be
‫ مَبيونة‬mabyūna distance
stabilized, be or become stable; to be
‫ مَبين‬mubīn clear, plain, evident, obvious, settled, established, well-ordered, regular,
patent│‫ الكتاب المبين‬the Koran normal; to progress well│‫استتب له الَمَر‬
‫ مَتباين‬mutabāyin dissimilar, unlike, everything went well with him
differential, differing, varying ‫ تبا له‬tabban lahū may evil befall him!
2
‫ بيانة‬,‫ بيان‬look up alphabetically may he perish!

‫ بينباشى‬see ‫بكباشى‬ ‫ استتباب‬istitbāb normalcy, regularity,


orderliness, order; stability; favorable
‫ بينتو‬see ‫بنتو‬ course or development
‫ بيه‬bēh = ‫بك‬ ‫ التبت‬at-tibt Tibet
1
‫( بيوريه‬Engl.) biyūrē purée ‫ تبر‬tabara i (tabr) to destroy, annihilate (‫هـ‬
2
‫( بيوريه‬Fr. pyorrhée) biyōrēh pyorrhea (med.) s.th.)
‫ تبر‬tibr raw metal; gold dust, gold
nuggets; ore
‫ت‬ ‫ تبار‬tabār ruin, destruction
1
‫ ت‬abbreviation of ‫ تلفون‬telephone ‫ تبرية‬tibrīya dandruff
2
‫ ت‬ta (particle introducing oaths) by, ‫ تال‬ta- ‫ تبريز‬tabrīz2 Tabriz (city in NW Iran, capital of
llāhi by God! Azerbaijan province)
‫ تاء‬tā’ name of the letter‫ت‬ ‫ تبع‬tabi‘a a (taba‘,‫ تباعة‬tabā‘a) to follow,
2
‫ تابوت‬tābūt pl. ‫ توابيت‬tawābīt box, case, chest, succeed (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.), come after s.o. or
coffer; casket, coffin, sarcophagus│ ‫تابوت‬ s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)هـ‬to trail, track (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th) go
‫ العهد‬t. al-‘ahd ark of the covenant; ‫تابوت‬ after s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)هـ‬to walk behind s.o.
‫ رفع المياه‬t. raf‘ al-miyāh Archimedean (‫ ;)ه‬to pursue (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to keep, adhere,
screw; ‫ تابوت الساقية‬t. as-āqiya scoop wheel, stick (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), observe (‫ هـ‬s.th; to
Persian wheel follow, take (‫ هـ‬a road), enter upon (‫ هـ‬a
road or course); to comply (‫ هـ‬with s.th.);
‫ تابيوكا‬tābiyōkā tapioca
to belong, pertain (‫ هـ‬to); to be
‫ تأتأ‬ta’ta’a to stammer (with fright) subordinate, be attached (‫ ه‬to s.o.), be
‫ تاج‬see ‫توج‬ under s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬authority or command, be
under s.o. (‫( تبع الدروس│)ه‬durūsa) to attend
‫ تؤدة‬see ‫وأد‬ classes regularly III to follow (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.
1
‫ تأر‬IV ‫( اتأر البصر‬baṣara) to stare (‫ ه‬or ‫ الى‬at s.th.; also = to keep one's mind or eyes on,
s.o.) e.g., on a development); to agree, concur (
2
‫ ه‬with s.o., ‫ على‬in s.th.), be in agreement or
‫ تارة‬see ‫تور‬ conformity (‫ على‬,‫ هـ‬with); to pursue, chase,
‫ تازة‬tāza (= ‫ )طازة‬fresh, tender, new follow up (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to continue (‫هـ‬
s.th.; ‫ سيره‬sairahū on one’s way), go on (‫هـ‬
‫ تاك‬taka fem. of the demonstrative pronoun ‫ذاك‬ with or in) IV to cause to succeed or
dāka (dual nom. ‫ تانك‬tānika, genit., acc. follow (in time, rank, etc.); to place (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ تينك‬tainika) under s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬authority or command,
‫ توءم‬,‫ توأم‬tau’am, f. ‫ة‬, pl. ‫ توائم‬tawā’im2 twin subordinate (‫ ه ه‬to s.o. s.o., ‫ هـ هـ‬to s.th.
s.th.) V to follow (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. fig.: a
‫ التامَيز‬at-tāmīz the Thames
topic, a development, the news, etc., = to
‫ تاى‬tay (tun., alg.) tea│‫ تاى احمر‬black tea watch, study); to pursue, trail, track (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
‫ تايور‬tāyōr and ‫ تايير‬tāyēr (Fr. tailleur) pl. -āt s.o., s.th.); to trace (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be
ladies’ tailored suit, tailleur subordinate (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to), be attached (‫ ه‬to
s.o.) VI to follow in succession, be
successive or consecutive, come or ‫ اتباع‬itbā‘ (gram.) intensification by
happen successively; to form an repeating a word with its initial consonant
uninterrupted sequence VIII to follow, changed, such as katīr batīr
succeed (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.), come after (‫ ه‬,‫;)هـ‬ ‫ تتبع‬tatabu‘ following (esp. fig., of an
to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) be succeeded or followed argument, of a development, see V
(‫ ب‬by s.th. else); to prosecute (‫ ه‬s.o.), take above); pursuit; prosecution; succession,
legal action (‫ ه‬against); to follow, obey, course│‫ التتبع التاريخى‬the course of history; ‫ت‬
heed, observe, bear in mind (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫‘( تبعات عدلية‬adlīya) legal action,
pursue (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to examine, investigate, prosecution
study (‫ هـ‬s.th.); pass. uttubi‘a to have or
find followers, adherents (‫ على‬for s.th., ‫ تتابع‬tatābu‘ sucession; relay (athlet.); ‫بالت‬
e.g., for an idea)│‫( اتبع سياسة‬siyāsatan) to ‫ تابع‬consecutively, successively, in
pursue a policy; ‫( اتبع يمينه‬yamīnahū) to succession; serially, in serialized form
keep (to the) right X to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ اتباع‬ittibā‘ following; pursuit (e.g., of a
follow, ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to follow; to seduce (‫ه‬ policy); adherence (to), compliance
s.o.); to have as its consequence, (with), observance (of); ‫ اتباعا ل‬ittibā‘an li
engender, entail (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to subordinate to according to, in accordance or conformity
o.s., make subservient to o.s. (‫ هـ‬s.th.) with, pursuant to, in observance of
‫ تبع‬taba‘ succession; subordinateness, O ‫ اتباعى‬ittibā‘ī classical
dependency: following. Followers;
subordinate, subservient (‫ ل‬to s.th.): ‫بالتبع‬ O ‫ اتباعية‬ittibā‘īya classicism
successively, consecutively; ‫ تبعا ل‬taba‘an ‫ تابع‬tābi‘ pl. ‫ تبعة‬taba‘a, ‫ تباع‬tubbā‘
li according to, in accordance with, following, succeeding, subsequent;
pursuant to, in observance of; due to, in subsidiary, dependent; minor, secondary;
consequence of, as the result of; (pl. ‫اتباع‬ subordinate (‫ ل‬to s.o.), under s.o. (‫;)ل‬
atbā‘) follower, companion, adherent, belonging (‫ ل‬to); subject to s.o.’s (‫)ل‬
partisan; subject, national, citizen; authority or competence; adherent (‫ ل‬to)
appertaining, appurtenant, pertinent, following (‫ ل‬s.o. or s.th.); -- (pl. ‫اتباع‬
incident atbā‘) adherent, follower, partisan;
‫ تبعى‬taba‘ī: ‫‘( عقوبة تبعية‬uqūba) incidental subject, citizen, national; subordinate,
punishment (jur.) servant; factotum; (pl. ‫ )توابع‬appositive
(gram.); appendix, addendum,
‫ تبعة‬tabi‘a pl. -āt consequence; supplement; O function (math.)│ ‫الدول‬
responsibility, irresponsibleness│ ‫القى التبعة‬ ‫( التابعة‬duwal) the satellite countries
‫( على‬alqā) to make s.o. or s.th. responsible
‫ تابعة‬tābi‘a pl. ‫ توابع‬tawābi‘2 female
‫ تبيع‬tabī‘ pl. ‫ تباع‬tibā‘ following attached, attendant, woman servant; a female
attending, adjunct; -- (pl. ‫ تبائع‬tabā’i‘2) demon who accompanies women;
follower, adherent, partisan; aide, help, appurtenance, dependency; consequence,
assistant, attendant, servant effect, result; responsibility; pl. ‫توابع‬
‫ تبعية‬taba‘īya pl. -āt subordination, dependencies, dependent territories; O
subjection; subordinateness, dependency; satellites (pol.), = ‫( الدول التوابع‬duwal) the
citizenship, nationality; ‫بالتبعية‬ satellite countries
subsequently, afterwards; consequently, ‫ تابعية‬tābi‘īya nationality, citizenship
hence, therefore, accordingly
‫ مَتبوع‬matbū‘ followed, succeeded (‫ب‬
‫ تباعا‬tibā‘an in succession, successively, by); one to whom service or obedience is
consecutively, one after the other, one by rendered, a leader, a principal (as
one distinguished from ‫ تابع‬subordinate) 90
‫ مَتابعة‬mutāba‘a following, pursuing, ‫ مَتتابع‬mutatābi‘ successive, consecutive
pursuit, prosecution; continuation
‫ مَتبع‬muttaba‘ observed, adhered to,
complied with (e.g. regulation, custom);
followed, traveled (road, course)
‫ تبغ‬tibg pl. ‫ تبوغ‬tubūg tobaooo ‫ مَتجر‬matjar pl. ‫ مَتاجر‬matājir2 bussiness,
transaction, dealing; merchandise; store,
‫ تبل‬tabala i to consume, waste, make sick (‫ه‬
shop
s.o.; said of love) II, III and ‫ توبل‬taubala to
spice, season (‫ هـ‬s.th) ‫ مَتجرى‬matjar commercial, trade, trading,
business (used attributively)
‫ تابل‬tābal, tābil pl. ‫ توابل‬tawābil2
coriander (bot.); spice, condiment, ‫ اتجار‬ittijār trade, business (‫ ب‬in s.th)
seasoning ‫ تاجر‬tājir pl. ‫ تجار‬tujjār, tijār merchant,
‫ تبولة‬tabbūla (syr., leb.) a kind of salad trader, businessman, dealer, tradesman│ ‫تا‬
made of bulgur, parsley, mint, onion, ‫جر الجملة‬t. al-jumla wholesale dealer; ‫تاجر‬
lemon juice, spices, and oil ‫ التجزئة‬t. at-tajzi’a and ‫ تاجر القطاعى‬t. al-
qiṯā‘ī retailer
‫ مَتبول‬matbūl (Iove-)sick, weak, ravaged,
consumed ‫ بضاعة تاجرة‬biḍā‘a tājira salable,
marketable merchandise
‫ مَتبل‬mutabbal spiced, seasoned,
flavored; (syr., leb.) stuffed with a mixture ‫ تجاه‬tujāha (prep.) in front of, opposite, face to
of rice, chopped meat and various spices, face with, facing
e.g., ‫ بذنجان مَتبل‬stuffed eggplant ‫ تحت‬taḥta (prep.) under; below, beneath,
‫( تبلوه‬Fr. tableau) tablōh pl. -āt a painting underneath│ ‫( تحت‬tajriba) on probation;
in an experimental state; ‫ تحت التحضير‬in
‫ تبن‬tibn straw
preparation; ‫( تحت الحفظ‬ḥifẓ) in custody,
‫ تبنى‬tibnī straw-colored, flaxen under guard; ‫( تحت السداد‬sadād), ‫تحت التسديد‬
‫ تبان‬tabbān straw vendor due, outstanding, unsettled, unpaid (com.);
‫ تحت السلح‬under arms; ‫تحت سمعهم‬
‫ درب التابنة‬darb at-tabbāna the Milky (sam‘ihim) in their hearing, for them to
Way hear; ‫( تحت التسوية‬taswiya) outstanding,
‫ مَتبن‬matban pl. ‫ مَتابن‬matābin2 straw- unpaid, unsettled (com.); ‫تحت اشراف‬
stack (išrāfi) under the patronage or
superintendence of; ‫تحت الشعور‬
‫ تبيوكا‬tabiyōkā tapioca subconscious; ‫( تحت تصرفه‬taṣarrufihī) at
1
‫ التتر‬at-tatar and ‫ التتار‬at-tatar the Tatars his disposal; ‫( تحت الطبع‬ṯab‘) in press; ‫تحت‬
‫‘( عنوان‬unwāni) under the title of; ‫تحت اعيننا‬
‫ تترى‬tatarī Tatarian; Tatar
(a‘yuninā) before our eyes; ‫ تحت التمرين‬in
‫ تترى‬tatra (from ‫ )وتر‬one after the other, training; ‫( تحت اليد‬yad) in hand, at hand,
successively, in succession available, handy; ‫ تحت يده‬in his power; ‫مَن‬
‫ تتك‬titik trigger ‫ تحت‬min taḥt from under, from beneath;
under
‫ تتن‬tutun tobacco
‫ تحت‬taḥtu (adv.) below, beneath,
‫ تتنوس‬tetanūs tetanus (med.) underneath
‫ تجر‬tajara u and VIII to trade, do business; to ‫ تحتانى‬taḥtānī lower, under- (in
deal (‫ فى‬or ‫ ب‬in s.th.) III do. (‫ ه‬with s.o.) compounds)│ ‫مَلبس تحتانية‬underwear
‫ تجارة‬tijāra commerce; traffic, trade; ‫ تحف‬IV to present (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ هـ ه‬s.o. with s.th)
merchandise
‫ تحفة‬tuḥfa pl. ‫ تحف‬tuḥaf gift, present;
‫ تجارى‬tijārī commercial, mercantile, gem (fig.), curiosity, rarity, article of virtu,
trade, trading, business, (used objet d'art; work of art│‫( تحفة فنية‬fannīya)
attributively); commercialized│‫بيت تجارى‬ unique work of art
(bait) commercial house, business house;
‫( الحركة التجارية‬ḥaraka) trade, traffic; ‫شركة‬ ‫ مَتحف‬matḥaf pl. ‫ مَتاحف‬matāḥif2
‫( تجارية‬širka) trading company; ‫اتفاق تجارى‬ museum│ ‫ مَتحف الشمع‬m. aš-šam‘
(ittifāq) trade agreement waxworks
‫ تخ‬taḳḳa u to become sour, ferment (dough)
1
‫تخت‬pl. tuḳūt bed, couch; bench; seat; sofa; ‫ تربة‬turba pl. ‫ ترب‬turab dust; earth, dirt;
chest, case, box, coffer, cabinet; wardrobe; ground (also fig.); soil; grave, tomb;
platform, dais; band, orchestra│ ‫تخت‬ graveyard, cemetery, burial ground
‫الملك‬t. al-mulk throne; royal residence, ‫ تربى‬turabī pl. -īya (eg.) gravedigger
capital; ‫ تخت المملكة‬t. al-mamlaka capital
(of a country) ‫ تراب‬turāb pl. ‫ اتربة‬atriba, ‫ تربان‬tirbān
dust, earth, dirt; ground, soil
‫ تختروان‬,‫ تخت روان‬taḳtaruwān,
taḳtarawān mule-borne litter ‫ ترابى‬turābī dusty; dustlike, powdery;
2 earthlike, earthy; dust-colored, gray
‫ تختة‬taḳta board; desk; blackboard
‫ تختخ‬taḳtaḳa to rot, decay O ‫ ترابة‬turāba cement
1
‫ تخم‬taḳima a to suffer from indigestion, feel ‫ تريبة‬tarība pl. ‫ ترائب‬tarā’ib2 chest,
sick from overeating IV to surfeit, satiate ( thorax
‫ ه‬s.o.) to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) indigestion, make ‫ مَتربة‬matraba poverty, misery,
sick (‫ ه‬s.o.); to overstuff, cloy (‫ ه‬the destitution; (pl. ‫ مَتارب‬matārib2) dirt quarry
stomach) VIII = I
‫ مَترب‬mutrib dusty, dust-covered
‫ تخمة‬tuḳama, tuḳma pl. ‫تخم‬, -āt
‫ تربس‬tarbasa (= ‫ )دربس‬to bolt (‫ هـ‬a door)
indigestion, dyspeptic
‫ ترباس‬tirbās pl. ‫ ترابيس‬tarābis2, ‫ترابس‬
‫ مَتخوم‬matḳūm suffering from
tarābis2 bolt, l&tch (of a door or window)
indigestion, dyspeptic
2 ‫ تربنتين‬tarbantīn turpentine
‫تخم‬taḳama i to fix the limits of (‫)هـ‬, delimit,
limit, confine, bound (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to border ‫( تربيزة‬eg.) tarabēza table
(‫ هـ‬on), be adjacent (‫ هـ‬to s.th.) ‫ تربين‬trbīn pl. -āt turbine
‫ تخم‬taḳm pl. ‫ تخوم‬tuḳūm boundary, ‫ تراث‬see ‫وترث‬
border, borderline, limit
‫ ترتر‬tirtir gold and silver spangles (eg.)
‫ مَتاخم‬mutāḳm neighboring, adjacent
‫ ترجم‬tarjama to translate (‫ هـ‬s.th. ‫ عن‬from one
‫ تدمَر‬tadmur2, usually pronounced tudmur2 language ‫ الى‬to another); to interpret (‫هـ‬
Palmyra (ancient city of Syria, now a s.th.); to treat (‫ هـ‬of s.th.) by way of
small village) explanation, expound (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to write a
‫ تدمَرى‬tadmurī, usually pronounced tudmurī biography (‫ ل‬of s.o., also ‫)ه‬
anyone│ ‫لَ تدمَرى‬nobody, not a living soul ‫ ترجم‬tarjama pl. ‫ تراجم‬tarājim2
‫( ترابيزة‬eg.; tarābēza) pl. -āt table translation; interpretation; biography (also
‫ ;)ترجمة الحياة‬introduction, preface,
‫ تراخومَا‬trāḳōmā trachoma (med.)
foreword (of a book)│ ‫الترجمة السبعينية‬
‫( تراس‬Fr. terrasse) terās terrace (sab‘īnīya) the Septuagint
‫ ترامَواى‬,‫ ترام‬trām, tramwāy tramway ‫ ترجمان‬turjumān pl. ‫ تراجمة‬tarājima, ‫تراجي‬
‫ ترب‬tariba a to be or become dusty, covered ‫ م‬tarājim2 transla.tor, interpreter
with dust II and IV to cover with dust or ,-:;" mutarjim translator, interpreter;
earth (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to be s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mate biographer
or comrade, be of the same age (‫ ه‬as s.o.)
‫ مَترجم‬mutarjam translated│‫مَترجم على الفلم‬
V to be dusty, be covered with dust
(film) synchronized (film)
‫ ترب‬tirb pl. ‫ اتراب‬atrāb person of the
‫ ترح‬tariḥa a (taraḥ) and V to grieve, be sad II
same age, contemporary, mate,
and IV to grieve, distress (‫ ه‬s.o.)
companion, comrade
‫ ترح‬taraḥ pl. ‫ اتراح‬atrāḥ grief, distress,
‫ ترب‬tarib dusty, dust-covered
sadness
‫ ترزى‬tarzī pl. ‫ ترزية‬tarzīya (eg.) tailor
‫ ترزية‬tarziya tailoring s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.; as a legacy)│ 93 ‫ تركه يفعل‬to
1 let s.o. do s.th.; ‫ ترك مَكانا الى‬to leave one
‫ تراس‬look up alphabetically
place for (another); ‫( تركه في ذمَته‬fī
2
‫ ترس‬II to provide with a shield or armor dimmatihī) to leave s.th. in s.o.’s care,
‫ ترس‬turs pl. ‫ اترس‬atrās, ‫ تروس‬turūs leave s.th. to s.o.; ‫ تركه على حاله‬to leave
shield; disk of the sun; -- tirs pl. turūs s.th. or s.o. unchanged, leave s.th. or s.o.
cogwheel, gear│ ‫ صندوق التروس‬ṣundūq al- alone; ‫( تركه وشأنه‬wa-ša’nahū) to leave s.o.
t. gearbox, transmission; ‫ سمك الترس‬samak alone, leave s.o. to his own devices III to
at-turs turbot (zool.) leave (‫ ه‬s.o.); to leave alone (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
leave off hostilities (‫ ه‬against s.o.)
‫ مَترس‬matras, mitras pl. ‫ مَتارس‬matāris2 and ‫مَترا‬
‫ س‬mitrās, pl. ‫ مَتاريس‬matārīs2 bolt, door ‫ ترك‬tark omission, neglect;
latch; rampart, bulwark, barricade; esp. pl. relinquishment, abandonment; leaving,
‫ مَتاريس‬barricades leaving behind

‫ ترسانة‬tarsāna, ‫ ترسحانة‬tarsḳāna arsenal; ‫ تركة‬tarika pl. -āt (also tirka) heritage,


shipyard, dockyard legacy, bequest

‫( ترسكل‬Fr. tricycle) tricycle ‫ تريكة‬tarīka pl. ‫ ترائك‬tarā’ik2 old maid,


spinster
‫( ترسينة‬It. terrazzino) tarasīna balcony
‫ مَتارك‬mutāraka truce
‫ ترع‬tari‘a a to be or become full (vessel) IV to
fill (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. a vessel) ‫ مَتروك‬matrūk pl. -āt heritage, legacy
2
‫ ترعة‬tur‘a pl. ‫ ترع‬tura‘, -āt canal; ‫ ترك‬II to Turkify, Turkicize (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to
artificial waterway│ ‫ ترعة الَيراد‬t. al-īrād become a Turk, become Turkified, adopt
feeder, irrigation canal; ‫ترعة التصريف‬ Turkish manners and customs
drainage canal (Eg.); ‫ الترعة الشريفة‬the ‫ الترك‬at-turk and ‫ الاتراك‬al-atrāk the
Residence of the Sultan of Morocco Turks
‫ ترغلة‬,‫ ترغل‬turgul, turgulla turtledove ‫ تركى‬turkī Turkish; Turk; ‫ التركية‬at-
‫ ترف‬tarija a to live in opulence, in luxury IV turkīya theTurkish language
to effeminate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to provide with ‫ تركيا‬turkiya Turkey
opulent means, surround with luxury (‫ه‬
‫ تتريك‬tatrīk Turkification
s.o.) V = I
‫ تركستان‬turkistān2 Turkstan
‫ ترف‬taraf and ‫ ترفة‬turfa luxury,
opulence, affluence; effemination ‫ التركمان‬at-turkumān the Turkmen
‫ ترف‬tarif opulent, sumptuous, luxurious ‫ ترمَبيط‬turumbēt (syr.) pl. -āt (Western) drum; ‫تر‬
‫ مَبيطة‬turumbīṯa (eg.) pl. -āt do.; specif.,
‫ مَترف‬mutraf living in ease and luxury;
bass drum
sumptuous, luxurious; luxuriously
adorned, ornate, overdecorated (‫ ب‬with) ‫ ترمَبطجى‬turumbaṯgi (eg.) drummer; bandsman
(mil.)
‫ ترفاس‬tirfās (magr.) truffle (bot.)
‫ ترمَس‬turmus, ‫ ترمَوس‬turmūs lupine (bot.)
‫ ترفل‬tarfala to strut
‫ ترمَومَتر‬termūmitr thermometer
‫ ترقوة‬tarquwa pl. ‫ تراق‬tarāqin collarbone,
clavicle (anat.) ‫ ترنج‬turunj see ‫ اترنج‬,‫اترج‬
1
‫ ترك‬taraka u (tark) to let be, leave, relinquish, ‫ تره‬tariha a to concern o.s. with trifles
renounce, give up, forswear (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ ترهة‬turraha pl. -āt sham, mockery,
desist, refrain, abstain (‫ هـ‬from s.th.); to farce; lie, humbug, hoax
leave, quit (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬a place); to leave out,
omit, drop, neglect, pass over, skip (‫هـ‬ ‫( ترواده‬Fr. Troade) tirwāda Troy
s.th.); to leave (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to); to leave
behind, leave, bequeath, make over (‫هـ‬
‫( تروب‬Engl. troop) squad, platoon; squadron│ ‫ تعس‬ta‘asa a, ta‘isa a to fall, perish; to
‫( تروب سوارى‬sawārī) cavalry squadron become wretched, miserable; ta‘asa and
(Eg.) IV to make unhappy or miserable, ruin
(s.o.)
‫ ترمَبيتجى = ترمَبطجى‬see under ‫ ترمَبيط‬above
‫ تعس‬ta‘s and ‫ تعاسة‬ta‘āsa wretchedness,
‫ ترياق‬tiryāq theriaca; antidote
misery
‫( تريكو‬Fr.) tricot
‫ تعس‬ta‘is and ‫ تعيس‬ta‘īs pl. ‫ تعساء‬tu‘asā’
‫ تسعة‬tis‘a (f. ‫ تسع‬tis‘) nine wretched, miserable, unfortunate, unhappy
‫ تسعة عشر‬tis‘ata ‘ašara, f. ‫ تسع عشرة‬tis‘a ‫ مَتعوس‬mat‘ūs pl. ‫ مَتاعيس‬matā‘is
‘ašrata nineteen wretched, miserable, unfortunate, unhappy
‫ تسع‬tus‘ pl. ‫ اتساع‬atsā‘ one ninth, the ‫ تف‬taffa to spit II to say "phew"
ninth part
‫ تف‬tuff dirt under the fingernails; ‫تفا لك‬
‫ تسعون‬tis‘ūn ninety tuffan laka phew! fie on you!
‫ التاسع‬at-tāsi‘ the ninth O ‫ تفافة‬taffāfa spittoon, cuspidor
‫ تشرين الَول‬tišrīn2 al-wwal October, ‫تشرين الثانى‬ ‫ تفتا‬tafettā, ‫ تفتاه‬taffeta
t. at-tānī November (Syr., Ir., Leb., Jord.)
‫ تفاح‬tuffaḥ (call.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬apple(s)
‫ تشيكوسلوفاكيا‬tšekoslovākiyā Czechoslovakia
‫ تفكة‬tufka pl. ‫ تفك‬tufak (ir.) gun, rifle
‫ تشيلى‬tšīlī Chile
‫ تفل‬tafala u i (tafl) to spit
‫ تطوان‬tiṯwān 2 Tetuēn (city in N Morocco)
‫ تفل‬tufl and ‫ تفال‬tufāl spit, spittle, saliva
‫ تع‬abbreviation of ‫تعالى‬, see ‫علو‬
‫ تافل‬tāfil ill-smelling, malodorous
‫ تعب‬ta‘iba a (ta‘ab) to work hard, toil, slave,
‫ مَتفلة‬mitfala spittoon, cuspidor
drudge, wear o.s. out; to be or become
tired, weary (‫ مَن‬of s.th.) IV to trouble, ‫ تفه‬tafiha a (tafah, ‫ تفاهة‬tafāha, ‫ تفوه‬tufūh) to be
inconvenience (‫ ه‬s.o.); to irk, bother, little, paltry, insignificant; to be flat,
weary, tire, fatigue (‫ ه‬s.o.) tasteless, vapid, insipid
‫ تعب‬ta‘ab pl. ‫ اتعاب‬at‘āb trouble, ‫ تفه‬tafah and ‫ تفه‬tufūh paltriness,
exertion, labor, toil, drudgery; burden, triviality, insignificance
nuisance, inconvenience, discomfort, ‫ تفاهة‬tafāha paltrineBB, triviality,
difficulty, hardship; tiredness, weariness, insignificance flatness, vapidity, insipidity,
fatigue; pl. ‫ اتعاب‬fees, honorarium tastelessness; inanity, stupidity, silliness
‫ تعب‬ta‘ib and ‫ تعبان‬ta‘bān tired, weary, ‫ تفه‬tafih and ‫ تافه‬tāfih little, paltry,
exhausted 94 trivial, trifling, insignificant; worthless;
‫ مَتاعب‬matā‘ib2 troubles, pains, efforts; commonplace, common, mediocre; flat,
discomforts, inconveniences, difficulties, tasteless, vapid, insipid; trite, banal
troubles; complaints, ailments, ills ‫ تافهة‬tāfiha pl. ‫ توافه‬tawāfih2 worthless
(attending disease); hardships, strains thing; triviality, trifle
‫ مَتعب‬mut‘ib troublesome, inconvenient, ‫ تقاوى‬see ‫قوى‬
toilsome, laborious; burdensome, irksome,
annoying; wearisome, tiresome, tiring; ‫ تقلية‬see ‫قلى‬
tedious, dull, boring ‫ تقن‬IV to perfect, bring to perfection (‫ هـ‬s.th; to
‫ مَتعب‬mut‘ab tired, weary master, know well (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a
language), be proficient, skillful, well-
‫ تعتع‬ta‘ta‘a to stammer; to shake (‫ ه‬s.o.); ‫اتعتع‬ versed (‫ هـ‬in s.th.)
itta‘ta‘a to move, stir
‫ تقن‬tiqn skillful, adroit
‫ تعز‬ta‘izz2 Taizz (city in S Yemen, seat of
government) ‫ تقانة‬taqāna firmness, solidity; perfection
‫ اتقن‬atqan2 more perfect, more thorough ‫ تلع‬IV to stretch one's neck; to crane (‫ هـ‬the
neck)
‫ اتقان‬itqān perfection; thoroughness,
exactitude, precision; thorough skill, ‫ تلعة‬tal‘a pl. ‫ تلاع‬tilā‘ hill, hillside,
proficiency; mastery, command (e.g., of a mountainside; (torrential) stream
special field, of a language)│ ‫فى غاية الَتقان‬ ‫ تليع‬talī‘ long, outstretched, extended;
to greatest perfection; of excellent high, tall
workmanship
‫ تلغراف‬tiligrāf, taligrāf pl. -āt telegraph;
‫ مَتقن‬mutqan perfect; exact, precise telegram, wire, cable│‫ ارسل تلغرافا الى‬to
‫ تقى‬taqā i to fear (esp. God) VIII see ‫وقى‬ send a wire to
‫ تقى‬taqīy pl. ‫ اتقياء‬atqiyā’2 God-fearing, ‫ تلغرافى‬tiligrāfī, taligrāfī telegraphic
godly, devout, pious ‫ تلف‬talafa a (talaf) to be annihilated, be
‫ اتقى‬atqā more pious destroyed; to be or become damaged or
spoiled, be ruined, break, get broken, go
‫ تقى‬tuqan and ‫ تقوى‬taqwā godliness,
to pieces II to ruin (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to wear out,
devoutness, piety
“finish” (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to destroy, annihilate (
1
‫تك‬takka u to trample down, trample ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ruin, damage, spoil, break (‫هـ‬
underfoot, crush (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to intoxicate (‫ه‬ s.th.); to waste (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
s.o.; wine)
‫ تلف‬talaf ruin, destruction; ruination,
2
‫تك‬tikka pl. ‫ تكك‬tikak waistband (in the upper damage, injury, harm.; loss; waste
seam of the trousers) 95
‫ تلفان‬talfān spoiled; useless, worthless,
3
‫ تك‬takka to tick (clock) good-for-nothing
‫ تكة‬tikka pl. -āt ticking, ticktock (of a ‫ مَتلف‬matlaf, ‫ مَتلفة‬matlafa pl. ‫مَتالف‬
clock), ticking noise matālif2 desert
3
‫ تكية‬look up alphabetically ‫ مَتلاف‬mitlāl wastrel; ruinous, harmful,
‫ تكوت‬tukūt pl. of Engl. ticket injurious
1
‫ تكتك‬taktaka to trample down, trample ‫ اتلاف‬itlāf pl. -āt annihilation,
underfoot (‫ هـ‬s.th) destruction; damage, injury, harm
2
‫ تكتك‬taktaka to bubble, simmer (boiling mass) ‫ تالف‬tālif ruined, damaged, broken;
3
spoiled, bad
‫ تكتك‬taktaka to tick (clock)
‫ مَتلوف‬matlūf and ‫ مَتلف‬mutlaf ruined,
‫ تكتكة‬taktaka ticking, ticktock (of a damaged, broken; spoiled, bad
clock), ticking noise
4
‫ مَتلف‬mutlif annihilator, destroyer;
‫ تكتيك‬taktīk tactics injurer; damaging, ruinous, harmful,
‫تكية‬takīya pl. ‫ تكايا‬takāyā monastery (of a injurious, noxious
Muslim order); hospice; home, asylum ‫ تلفز‬talfaza to televise, transmit by television
(for the invalided or needy)
1
‫ تلفزة‬talfaza television
‫ تل‬tall pl. ‫ تلل‬tilāl, ‫ اتلل‬atlāl, ‫ تلول‬tulūl hill,
elevation│ ‫تل ابيب‬t. abīb Tel Aviv (city in ‫ اذاعة تلفازية‬iḍāfa talfāẓīya television
W Israel) broadcast, telecast
2
‫ تل‬tull tulle O ‫ تلفاز‬tilfāz television set

‫ تلاتل‬talātil2 hardships, troubles, adversities ‫( تلفزيون‬Fr. télévision) tilivisyōn television

‫ تليد‬talīd, ‫ تالد‬tālid, ‫ تلاد‬tilād inherited, time- ‫ تلفن‬talfana to telephone


honored, old (possession, property) ‫ تلفون‬tilifūn and ‫ تليفون‬talīfūn pl. –āt telephone
‫ تلسكوب‬tiliskūb telescope ‫ تلقاء‬see ‫لقى‬
‫ تلك‬tilka fem. of the demonstrative pronoun ‫ذلك‬
‫ تلم‬talam pl. ‫ اتلم‬atlām (plow) furrow ‫ تليفونى‬talifūnī telephonic, telephone- in
compounds)
‫ تلمذ‬talmada to take on as, or have for, a pupil
or apprentice (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be or become a ‫ تم‬tamma i to be or beoome complete,
pupil or apprentice (‫ ل‬of s.o., 96 also ‫)على‬, completed, finished, done; to be
receive one’s schooling or training (‫على‬ performed, be accomplished (‫ ل‬by s.o..);
from) II tatalmada to be or become a to come to an end, be or become
pupil or apprentice (‫ ل‬or ‫ على يده‬of s.o.), terminated; to come about, be brought
work as an apprentice (‫ ل‬or ‫ على يده‬under about, be effected, be achieved, come to
s.o.) pass, come off, happen, take place, be or
become a fact; to be on hand, be there,
‫ تلمذة‬talmada school days, college years;
present itself; to persist (‫ على‬in); to
apprenticeship; (time of) probation
continue (‫ على‬s.th. or to do s.th.) II and IV
‫ تلماذ‬tilmād learning, erudition to complete, finish, wind up, conclude,
‫ تلميذ‬tilmīd pl. ‫ تلامَيذ‬talāmīd2, ‫تلامَذة‬ terminate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make complete,
talamida pupil, student, apprentice; supplement, round out, fill up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
probationer; trainee; disciple│ ‫تلميذ بحرى‬ carry out, execute, perform, accomplish,
(baḥrī) approx.: chief warrant W-3 (naval achieve (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to be complete,
rank; Eg.); ‫( تلميذ سفرى‬safarī) approx.: completed, finished
chief warrant W-4 (naval rank; Eg.) ‫ تمام‬tamām completeness, wholeness,
‫ تلميذة‬tilmīda pl. –āt girl student entirety, perfection; full, whole, entire,
complete, perfect; separate, independent;
‫ تلمسان‬tilimsān2 Tlemcen (city in NW Algeria) ‫ تمامَا‬tamāman completely, entirely, wholly,
‫ تلمود‬talmūd Talmud perfectly, fully, quite; precisely, exactly│
‫(بدر تمام‬badr) and ‫( قمر تمام‬qamar) full
‫ تله‬taliha a (talah) to be astonished, amazed, moon; ‫ فى تمام الساعة السادسة‬at 6 o'clock
perplexed, at a loss sharp; ‫( بتمام مَعنى الكلمة‬ma‘nā l-kalima) in
‫ تاله‬tālih and ‫ مَتله‬mutallah at a loss, the full sense of the word; ‫ بالتمام‬entirely,
bewildered, perplexed│‫ تاله العقل‬t. al-‘aql completely
absent-minded, distracted ‫ تميمة‬tamīma pl. ‫ تمائم‬tamā’im2 amulet
((‫ تل )تلو‬talā u (‫ تلو‬tulūw) to follow, succeed; to ‫ اتم‬atamm2 more complete, more perfect
ensue; -- (‫ تلاوة‬tilāwa) to read, read out
loud (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬to s.o..); to recite (‫هـ‬ ‫ تتمة‬tatimma completion;
s.th.) VI to follow one another, be supplementation; supplement
successive ‫ تتميم‬tatmīm completion; perfection;
‫ تلو‬tilwa (prep.) after, upon│ ‫ارسل كتابا تلو‬ consummation, execution, fulfillment,
‫ كتاب‬to send letter after letter realization, effectuation, accomplishment
‫ تلوة‬tilāwa reading; public reading; ‫ اتمام‬itmām completion; perfection;
recital, recitation termination, conclusion; consummation,
execution, fulfillment, realization,
‫ تال‬tālin following, succeeding, effectuation, accomplishment 97
subsequent, next; ‫ بالتالى‬bi-t-tālī then, later,
subsequently; consequently, hence, ‫ استتمام‬istitmām termination, conclusion
therefore, accordingly ‫ تام‬tāmm complete, perfect, entire,
‫ مَتتال‬mutatālin successive, consecutive consummate; of full value, sterling,
genuine
‫ تلى‬tallī (tun.) tulle
‫ تمباك‬tumbāk Persian tobacco (esp. for the
‫ تليباثى‬tilībātī telepathy; telepathic narghile)
‫ تليس‬tallīs, tillis pl. ‫ تلليس‬talālīs2 sack ‫ تمتم‬tamtama to stammer, mumble, mutter; to
‫( تليفزيون‬Fr. télévision) tilīvisyōn television recite under one's breath (‫ ب‬s.th)
‫ تليفون‬pl. –āt talīfūn telephone
1
‫ تمر‬tamr (coll.; n. un. ‫ة‬, pl. tamarat, ‫تمور‬ ‫تهمة‬tuhma pl. ‫ تهم‬tuham accusation, charge;
tumūr) dates, esp. dried ones│ ‫تمر هندى‬ suspicion; insinuation
(hindī) tamarind (bot.) 2
‫ تهامَة‬tihāma2 Tihama, coastal plain along the
‫( تمرجى‬eg. tamargī), ‫ تومَرجى‬,‫ تمورجى‬pl. -ya southwestern and southern shores of the
male nurse, hospital attendant; ‫ تمرجية‬pl. Arabian Peninsula
-āt female nurse ‫ توا‬tawwan right away, at once, immediately;
‫ تموز‬look up alphabetically just (now), this very minute│ ‫للتو‬li-t-tawwi
at once, right away, also with pers. suffix.:
‫ تمساح‬timsāḥ pl. ‫ تماسيح‬tamāsīḥ2 crocodile
‫ لتوى‬li-tawwī, ‫ لتوها‬li-tawwihā (I have, she
‫ تمغة‬tamga stamp; stamp mark│‫ورق تمغة‬ has) just ... ; at once, presently,
waraq t. stamped paper immediately
‫ تمن‬tumman rice ‫( تواليت‬Fr. toilette) tuwālēt toilette
2
‫ تموز‬tammūz July (Syr., Ir., Leb., Jord.) ‫ توأم‬see ‫تأم‬
1
‫ تن‬tunn tuna (zool.) (‫ تاب )توب‬tāba u (‫ توب‬taub, ‫ توبة‬tauba, ‫مَتاب‬
2 2
‫ تينن‬tinnīn pl. ‫ تنانين‬tanānīn sea monster; matāb) to repent, be penitent, do penance,
Draco (astro.); waterspout (meteor.), see with ‫عن‬: to turn from (sin), be converted
also alphabetically from, renounce, forswear s.th.; (said of
God) to restore to His grace, forgive (‫على‬
‫ تانئ‬tāni’ pl. ‫ تناء‬tunnā’ resident s.o.)│‫ تاب الى ا‬to turn to God in
‫ تنباك‬tunbāk (pronounced tumbāk) and ‫تنبك‬ repentance II to induce to repentance or
tumbak Persian tobacco (esp. for the penitence, make repent (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to call on
narghile) s.o. (‫ )ه‬to repent
‫ تنبال‬tinbāl pl. ‫ تنابيل‬tanābīl2 short, of small ‫ توبة‬tauba repentance, penitence,
Stature contrition; penance 98
‫( تنبر‬Fr. timbre) tambar pl. ‫ تنابر‬tanābir2 stamp ‫ تواب‬tawwāb doing penance; repentant,
(magr.) penitent, contrite; forgiving, merciful
(God)
‫ مَتنبر‬mutambar stamped (magr.)
‫ تائب‬tā’ib repentant, penitent, contrite
‫( تنبل‬Turk. tembel) tambal pl. ‫ تنابلة‬tanābila
lazy ‫ توبل‬see ‫تبل‬
‫( تنجستين‬Fr. tungstène) tongəstēn tungsten ‫ توبوغرافيا‬tobogrāfiyā topography
1
‫( تندة‬It. tenda) tanda awning, roofing, sun roof ‫ توت‬tūt mulberry tree; mulberry│‫توت ارضى‬
(ardī) and ‫( توت افرنجى‬ifranjī) strawberry;
‫ تنور‬tannūr pl. ‫ تنانير‬tanānīr2 a kind of baking ‫( توت شوكى‬šaukī) and ‫ توت العليق‬t. al-‘ullaiq
oven, a pit, usually clay-lined, for baking raspberry
bread
2
‫ توت‬tūt the first month of the Coptic calendar
‫ تنورة‬tannūra (syr., leb.) (lady's) skirt
‫ توتيا‬tūtiyā, ‫ توتياء‬tūtiyā’, ‫ توتية‬zinc
‫ تنس‬tennis
1
‫ توج‬II to crown (‫ ه‬s.o.; also fig. ‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with)
‫ تنك‬tanak tin plate V to be crowned
‫ تنكجى‬tanakjī tinsmith, whitesmith ‫ تاج‬pl. ‫ تيجان‬tījān crown; miter (of a
‫ تنكة‬tanaka pl. -āt tin container, can, pot, bishop)│‫ تاج العمود‬t. al-‘amūd capital of a
jerry can column or pilaster); ‫ تاج الكرة‬t. al-kura
2 calotte
‫ تانك‬tānika see ‫ تاك‬alphabetically
‫ تويج‬tuwaij little crown, coronet
‫ تنيس‬tennis
‫ تتويج‬tatwīj crowning, coronation
‫ تنين‬tannīn tannin, tannic acid
‫ تهته‬tahtaha to stammer, stutter
‫ توجو‬tōgo and ‫ توجولند‬tōgōland (Eg. spelling) be destined, be foreordained, be granted,
Togo (region in W Africa) be given (‫ ل‬to s.o.)│‫( اتيح له التوفيق‬utīḥa) he
met with success, he was successful; ‫اتيح له‬
(‫ تاح )توح‬see ‫تيح‬
‫( الفرصة‬furṣa) he was given the
‫ تارة‬tāratan once; sometimes, at times│ – ‫تارة‬ opportunity, he had the chance .
‫ تارة – طورا‬,‫( تارة‬ṯauran), ‫( تارة – اخرى‬uḳrā)
‫ تيار‬tayyār pl. -āt flow, stream, course, current,
sometimes – sometimes, at times – at
flood; fall (of a stream); movement,
other times
tendency, trend; draft (of air); (el.)
‫ توراة‬taurāh Torah, Pentateuch; Old Testament current│O ‫( تيار مَباشر‬mubāšir) and ‫تيار‬
‫ توربيد‬,‫ تورﭙيد‬turpīd, turbīd torpedo (sub-marine ‫ مَستمر‬mustamirr) direct current; O ‫تيار‬
missile) ‫( مَتناوب‬mutanāwib) and O ‫تيار مَتغير‬
‫ توربين‬turbīn pl. -āt turbine (mutagayyir) alternating current; O ‫تيار‬
‫ مَتذبذب‬mutadabdib) oscillating current
‫ تورتة‬torta pl. -āt pie, tart
(el.); O ‫( يار نابض‬nābiḍ) pulaoting current;
(‫ تاق )توق‬tāqa u (tauq, ‫ توقان‬tawaqān) to long., 99 O ‫( يار سريع التردد‬sarī‘ at-taraddud)
yearn, wish (‫ الى‬for), hanker (‫ الى‬after),
high-frequency current; O ‫تياربطيء التردد‬
desire, crave, covet (‫ الى‬s.th.), strive (‫الى‬
(baṯī’ at-taraddud) low-frequency current;
for), aspire (‫ الى‬to)
O ‫‘( تيار عالى الجهد‬ālī l-jahd) heigh-tension
‫ توق‬tauq, ‫ توقان‬tawaqān longing, current; O ‫( تيار واطئ الجهد‬wāṯI’ al-jahd)
yearning, craving, desire
low-tension current; O ‫( تيار ذاتى‬dātī) self-
‫ تواق‬tawwāq longing, yearning, eager ( induced current
‫ الى‬for), craving (‫ الى‬s.th)
O ‫ مَتار‬matār (Byr.) dynamo, generator
‫ تائق‬tā’iq longing, yearning, eager (‫الى‬
for), craving (‫ الى‬s.th) ‫( تيزة‬Turk. teyze) tēza maternal aunt
‫( توكة امَامَية‬tōka amāmīya; eg.) belt buckle ‫ تيس‬tais pl. ‫ اتياس‬atyās, ‫ تيوس‬tuyūs billy goat
(mil.) ‫ اتيس‬atyās2 foolish, crazy
‫ تول‬tūl tulle ‫ الحمى التيفودية‬al-hummā t-tīfūdīya typhoid
‫ تومَرجى‬see ‫تمرجى‬ fever
‫ تون‬tūn and ‫ تونة‬tūna (zool.) ‫ تيفوس‬tīfūs typhus
‫( تونج‬Turk. tunç) tunj bronze ‫ تيك‬tīka fem. of the demonstrative pronoun ‫ذاك‬
dāka
‫تونس‬tūnus2 Tunis
1
‫ تيل‬II (from Turk. tel) to cable, wire, telegraph
‫ تونسى‬tūnisīy pl. ‫ توانسة‬tawānisa Tunisian (syr.)
(adj. and n.)
2
‫ تيل‬tīl hemp; linen
‫ تونية‬tūniya pl. ‫ توانى‬alb of priests and deacons
3
(Chr.) ‫ تيلة‬tīla fiber, staple
1
(‫ تاه )توه‬tāha u and II = (‫ تاه )تيه‬tāha i and II (‫ تام )تيم‬tāma I (taim) to become enslaved,
enthralled by love; to enslave, make
‫ توهة‬tūha daughter blindly subservient (‫ ه‬s.o.; through love) II
‫( تياترو‬It. teatro) tiyātrō theater to enslave, enthrall (love; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to make
blindly subservient, drive out of his mind,
□ ‫ تيتل‬taital pl. ‫ تياتل‬see ‫ثيتل‬
infatuate (‫ ه‬s.o.; love)
‫ تيتنوس‬tītānūs tetanus (med.)
‫ مَتيم‬mutayyam enslaved, enthralled (by
(‫ تاح )تيح‬tāḥa i to be destined, be foreordained love), infatuated
(by fate, by God; ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to be granted, 2
‫ تيماء‬taimā’ Taima (oasis in NW Arabia)
be given (‫ ل‬to s.o.) IV to destine,
foreordain (‫ هـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to grant, ‫ تيمارجى‬see ‫تمرجى‬
afford, offer (‫ هـ ل‬s.o. s.th.); pass. utīḥa to
‫ تين‬tīn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬fig │‫( تين شوكي‬šaukī) ‫ ثائر‬tā’ir avenger
fruit of the Indian fig (Opuntia ficusindica ‫ ثؤلول‬tu’lūl and ‫ ثؤلولة‬tu’lūla pl. ‫ ثآليل‬ta’ālīl2
Haw.) wart
‫ تينك‬tainika see ‫ تاك‬alphabetically ‫ ثأى‬ta’ā scars
(‫ تاه )تيه‬tāha i to get lost, wander about, 1ose ‫ ثبت‬tabata u (‫ ثبات‬tabāt, ‫ ثبوت‬tubūt) to stand
one's way, go astray; to stray, wander firm, be fixed, stationary, immovable,
(thoughts); to escape (‫ مَن‬s.o.), slip (‫مَن‬ unshakable, firm, strong, stable; to hold
s.o.’s memory); to perish, be destroyed, be out, hold one's ground (‫ ل‬against s.o. or
lost; to be perplexed, startled, astonished; s.th.), be firm, remain firm (‫ ل‬toward s.o.
to be haughty; to swagger, boast, brag (‫على‬ or s.th.), withstand, resist, defy (‫ ل‬s.o. or
to s.o.)│‫ تتيه على وجهه ابتسامَة‬asmile flits s.th.); to be established, be proven (fact);
over his face II to mislead, lead astray (‫ه‬ to remain, stay (‫ ب‬at a place); to maintain
s.o.); to distract, divert (‫ ه‬s.o.); to confuse, (‫ على‬s.th.), keep, stick, adhere (‫ على‬to
confound, bewilder (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II s.th.), abide or stand by s.th. (‫ ;على‬e.g., by
‫ تيه‬tīh desert, trackless wilderness; maze, an agreement); to insist (‫ على‬on)│ ‫ثبت فى‬
labyrinth; haughtiness, pride ‫( وجهه‬fī wajhihī) to hold one’s own against
s.o., assert o.s. against s.o. II to fasten,
‫ تياه‬tayyāh straying, stray, wandering;
make fast, fix (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to consolidate,
haughty
strengthen (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stabilize (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
‫ تيهان‬taihān2 straying, stray, wandering; to confirm, corroborate, substantiate (‫هـ‬
perplexed, at a loss, bewildered; proud, s.th.); to appoint permanently (. s.o.; to an
hughty office); to prove, establish (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
‫ تيهاء‬taihā’2 and matāha a trackless, demonstrate, show (‫ بان‬that); to prove
desolate region; ‫ مَتاهة‬maze, labyrinth guilty, convict (‫ على‬a defendant); to
confirm (Chr.)│ ‫(ثبت بصره به‬baṣarahu) to
‫ تائه‬tā’ih straying, stray, wandering, fix one’s eyes on, gaze at; ‫ثبت قدمَيه‬
roving, errant; lost in thought, distracted, (qadamaihi) to gain a foothold IV to
absent-minded; lost, forlorn; infinite; establish, determine (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to assert as
haughty valid or authentic, affirm (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫( تيوليب‬Engl.) tulip confirm, corroborate, substantiate (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to prove (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to s.o.; ‫ ل‬to
s.o., ‫ ان‬that); to demonstrate, show (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to furnish competent evidence (‫هـ‬
‫ث‬ for); to bear witness, attest (‫ هـ‬to); to
‫ ث‬abbreviation of ‫ ثانية‬second (time unit) acknowledge (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a qualification,
‫ ثاء‬tā’ name of the letter ‫ث‬ a quality, ‫ ل‬in s.o.), concede (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to
s.o.); to prove guilty, convict (‫ على‬a
‫ ثئب‬ta’iba a (‫ ثأب‬ta’b) and VI to yawn defendant); to enter, record, register, list (
‫ ثؤباء‬tu’abā’ yawning, yawn; fatigue, ‫ فى هـ‬s.th. in a book, in a rooter, etc.)│ ‫اثبته‬
weariness ‫( فى الورق‬waraq) to put s.th. down in
writing, get s.th. on paper; ‫اثبت الشخص‬
‫ ثأر‬ta’ara a (ta’r) to avenge the blood of (‫ ه‬or (šaḳṣa) to determine s.o.’s identity,
‫)ب‬, take blood revenge (‫ ه‬for 100 s.o. identify s.o.; ‫( اثبت شخصيته‬šaḳṣīyatahū) to
killed), take vengeance, avenge o.s. (‫ب ه‬ identify o.s., prove one’s identity V to
on s.o. for, also ‫ مَن‬or ‫ ل‬for) IV and VIII ascertain, verify (‫ فى‬s.th., ‫ هل‬if), make sure
‫ اثأر‬itta’ara to get one’s revenge, be (‫ فى‬of s.th., ‫ هل‬if); to consider carefully (‫فى‬
avenged s.th.), proceed with caution (‫ فى‬in) X to
‫ ثأر‬ta’r pl. -āt ‫ أثآر‬at’ār, ‫ آثار‬ātār revenge, show o.s. stead-fast, persevering; to seek
vengeance, blood revenge; retaliation, to verify (‫ هـ‬s.th.), try to make sure (‫ هـ‬of),
reprisal│‫ أخذ ثأره‬or ‫ أخذ بالثأر‬to take seek confirmation of or reassurance with
revenge, avenge o.s.; ‫ مَباراة الثأر‬mubārāt regard to (‫ ;)هـ‬to ascertain, verify (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
at-t. return match (sports) make sure (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to find right,
proven or true, see confirmed (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ مَثبوت‬matbūt established, confirmed;
regard as authentic (‫ هـ‬s.th.) certain, sure, positive, assured; proven
‫ ثبت‬tabt firm, fixed, established; ‫ ثبر‬tabara u to destroy, ruin (‫ ه‬s.o.); (‫ ثبور‬tubūr)
steadfast, unflinching; brave to perish III to apply o.s. with zeal and
perseverance (‫ على‬to s.th.), persevere,
‫ ثبت‬tabat reliable, trustworthy, credible
persist (‫ على‬in)
‫ ثبت‬tabat pl. ‫ اثبات‬atbāt list, index, roster
‫ ثبور‬tubūr ruin, destruction│ ‫نادى بالويل‬
‫ ثبات‬tabāt firmness; steadiness, ‫ دعا( والثبور‬or) nādā (da‘ā) bi-l-wail wa-t-t.
constancy, permanence, stability; to wail, burst into loud laments
certainty, sureness; perseverance,
‫ مَثابرة‬mutābara persistence,
persistence, endurance; continuance,
perseverance, endurance; diligence,
maintenance, retention (‫ على‬of s.th.),
assiduity
adherence (‫ على‬to)
‫ ثبط‬tabaṯa u and II to hold back, keep, prevent
‫ ثبوت‬tubūt constancy, immutability,
(‫ عن ه‬s.o. from doing s.th.); to hinder,
steadiness; permanence, durability;
handicap, impede, slow down, set back (‫هـ‬
certainty, sureness│ ‫ثبوت الشهر‬t. aš-šahr
‫ ه‬, s.o., s.th.); to bring about the failure (‫هـ‬
the official determination of the beginning
of s.th.), frustrate (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
of a lunar month
‫ ثبنة‬tubna pl. ‫ ثبن‬tuban lap, fold of a garment
‫ اثبت‬atbat more reliable, firmer, steadier,
(used as a receptacle)
etc.
‫ ثبان‬tibān = ‫ ثبنة‬tubna
‫ تثبيت‬tatbīt consolidation, strengthening;
stabilization; confirmation; corroboration, ‫ ثيتل‬look up alphabetically
substantiation│ ‫ سر التثبيت‬sirr at-t. the ‫ ثج‬tajja u to flow coplously
Sacrament of Confirmation (Chr.)
‫ ثجاج‬tajjāj coplously flowing, streaming
‫ اثبات‬itbāt establishment; assertion;
confirmation; affirmation, attestation; ‫ ثخن‬taḳuna u to be or become thick, thicken; to
demonstration; proof, evidence; 101 be firm, solid, compact IV to wear out,
registration, entering, listing, recording; exhaust, weaken (‫ ه‬s.o.)│‫اثخنه ضربا‬
documentation, authentication, (ḍarban) to wallop s.o., give s.o. a sound
verification│ ‫ شاهد اثبات‬witness for the thrashing; ‫‘( اثخن فى العدو‬aduw) to massacre
prosecution; ‫‘ عبء الَثبات‬ib’ al-i. burden of the enemy; ‫ اثخنه بالجراح‬to weaken s.o. by
proof (jur.) inflicting wounds
‫ اثباتى‬itbātī affirmative, confirmatory, ‫ ثخن‬tiḳan, ‫ ثخانة‬taḳāna, ‫ ثخونة‬tuḳūna
corroborative, positive thickness, density; consistency;
compactness
‫ تثبت‬tatabbut ascertainment; verification,
examination, check; careful, cautious ‫ ثخين‬taḳīn pl. ‫ ثخناء‬tuḳanā’2 thick; dense
procedure, circumspection; interment (of ‫ ثدى‬tady and tadyan m. and f., pl. ‫ اثداء‬atdā’
the remains of a saint; Chr.) female breast; udder
‫ ثابت‬tābit firm, fixed, established; ‫ ثر‬tarr abounding in water│ ‫( ثرة مَن الدمَع‬dam‘)
stationary, immovable; steady, invariable, tear-wet, tear-blurred (eye)
constant, stable; permanent, lasting,
durable, enduring; confirmed, proven; a ‫ ثرب‬taraba i (tarb) and II to blame, censure (‫ه‬
constant│ ‫ ثابت الجأش‬t. al-ja’š undismayed, and ‫ على‬s.o.)
fearless, staunch, steadfast; ‫ ثابت العزم‬t. ‫ تثريب‬tatrīb blame, censure, reproof
al-‘azm firmly resolved, determined; ‫امَلك‬
‫ ثابتة‬and ‫ أمَوال ثابتة‬immovable property, real ‫ ثرثر‬tartara (‫ ثرثرة‬tartara) to chatter, prattle
estate, realty; O ‫ ثابت الَتجاه‬t. al-ittijāh ‫ ثرثار‬tartār prattler, chatterbox; ‫ثرثارة‬
unidirectional, rectified (el.) tartāra do. (fem.)
‫ ثابتة‬tābita pl. ‫ ثوابت‬tawābit2 fixed star ‫ ثرثرة‬tartara chatter, prattle
‫ ثرد‬tarada u to crumble and sop (‫ هـ‬bread) ‫ ثغم‬tagam white, whiteness
‫ ثريد‬jarid a dish of sopped bread, meat ‫ ثاغم‬tāgim white (adj.)
and broth (‫ ثغا )ثغو‬tagā u (‫ ثغاء‬tugā’) to bleat (sheep)
‫ مَثرد‬mitrad bowl ‫ ثغاء‬tugā’ bleating, bleat
‫ ثرم‬tarama i (tarm) to knock s.o.’o (‫ )ه‬tooth ‫ ثاغ‬tāgin bleating│ ‫مَا له ثاغية ولَ راغية‬
out; -- tarima a (taram) to have a gap (tagiya) he has absolutely nothing, he is
between two teeth deprived of all resources, prop.: he has
(‫ ثرو‬and ‫ ثرى )ثرى‬tariya a to become wealthy neither a bleating (sheep) nor a braying
IV to become or be rich, wealthy (‫ ب‬or ‫مَن‬ (camel)
through s.th.); to make rich, enrich (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ ثفر‬tafar pl. ‫ اثفار‬atfār crupper (of the saddle)
102
‫ ثفل‬tufl dregs, lees, sediment; residues
‫ ثرى‬taran moist earth; ground, soil│ ‫اين‬
‫ الثرى مَن الثريا‬aina t-t. min t-turayyā ‫ ثفن‬III to associate (‫ ه‬with s.o.), frequent s.o.’s (
(proverbially of things of disproportionate ‫ )هـ‬company; to pursue, practice (‫ ه‬s.th.)
value) what has the ground to do with the ‫ ثفنة‬taftna pl. -āt, ‫ ثفن‬tifan callus,
Pleiades? ‫( طيب ا ثراه‬ṯayyaba) approx.: callosity
may God rest him in peace!
‫ اثفية‬look up alphabetically
‫ ثرى‬tarīy pl. ‫ اثرياء‬atriyā’2 wealthy, rich│
‫ ثرى الحرب‬t. al-ilarb war profiteer, ‫ ثقة‬see ‫وثق‬
nouveau riche ‫ ثقب‬taqaba u (taqb) to bore, or drill, a hole (‫هـ‬
‫ثري‬tarīyāt plantations in s.th.), pierce, puncture, perforate (‫هـ‬
s.th.) II do. II and IV to light, kindle (‫هـ‬
‫ ثروة‬tarwa and ‫ ثروة‬tarā’ fortune, wealth, s.th.) V and VII to be pierced, be
riches│‫ اهل الثروة‬ahl at-t. the rich, the punctured, be perforated
wealthy; ‫( ثروة قومَية‬qaumīya) national
wealth; ‫( ثروة مَائية‬mā’īya) abundance of ‫ ثقب‬taqb piercing, boring, puncture,
water, abundant supply of water (of a perforation; (also tuqb pl. ‫ ثقوب‬tuqūb, ‫اثقاب‬
region) atqāb) hole, puncture, borehole, drill hole
‫ ثريا‬turayyā Pleiades; (also ‫ )ثرية‬pl. ‫ثريات‬ ‫ ثقبة‬tuqba pl. ‫ ثقب‬tuqab hole
turayyāt chandelier ‫ ثقاب‬and ‫‘ عود الثقاب‬ūd al-tiqāb match-
‫ مَثر‬mutr wealthy, rich stick; matches
‫ ثعبان‬tu‘bān pl. ‫ ثعابين‬ta‘ābīn snake│ ‫ ثعبان الماء‬t. ‫ ثقوب‬tuqūb keenness, acuteness (of the
al-mā’ eel mind)
‫ ثعبانى‬tu‘bānī snaky, snakelike, ‫ مَثقب‬mitqab pl. ‫ مَثاقب‬matāqib2 borer,
serpentine; eely drill, gimlet, auger, brace and bit, wimble,
perforator; drilling machine
‫ مَثعب‬mat‘ab pl. ‫ مَثاعب‬matā‘ib2 drain
‫ اثقاب‬itqāb kindling, lighting
‫ ثعالة‬tu‘āla fox
‫ ثاقب‬dqib penetrating, plercing, sharp
‫ ثعلب‬ta‘lab pl. ‫ ثعالب‬ta‘ālib2 fox│ ‫داء الثعلب‬ (mind, eyes)│ ‫ ثاقب النظر‬t. an-naẓar
alopecia (med.), loss of hair perspicacity; sharp-eyed; ‫ ثاقب الفكر‬t. al-
‫ ثعلبى‬ta‘labī foxy, foxlike fikr sagacity, acumen, mental acuteness;
shrewd, sagacious, sharp-witted
‫ ثعلبة‬ta‘laba vixen; O tetter (med)
‫ ثغر‬tagir pl. ‫ ثغور‬tugūr front tooth; mouth; ‫ ثاقبات‬tāqibāt borers (zool.) 103
port, harbor, inlet, bay; seaport ‫ ثقف‬taqifa a (taqf) to find, meet (‫ ه‬s.o.); --
‫ ثغرة‬tagra pl. ‫ ثغر‬tugar breach, crevasse, taqifa a and taqufa u to be skillful, smart,
crack, rift, crevice; opening, gap; cavity, clever II to make straight, straighten (‫هـ‬
hollow; narrow mountain trail s.th.); to correct, set right, straighten out (
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to train, form, teach, educate (‫هـ‬ a. weight lifting (athlet.); ‫الثقل النوعى‬
s.o.); to arrest (‫ هـ‬s.o.); to seize, confiscate (nau‘ī) specific gravity
(‫ ه‬s.th.) III to fence (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to be ‫ ثقل‬tiqal heaviness; sluggishness,
trained, be educated dullness
‫ ثقافة‬taqāfa culture, refinement; ‫ ثقل‬taqal pl. ‫ اثقال‬atqāl load, baggage
education; (pl. -āt) culture, civilization
‫ الثقلان‬at-taqalān the humans and the jinn
‫ ثقافى‬taqāfī educational; intellectual;
cultural│ ‫( مَلحق ثقافى‬mulḥaq) cultural ‫ ثقل‬taqla trouble, inconvenience,
attaché discomfort
‫ ثقيف‬tatqīf cultivation of the mind; ‫ ثقل‬taqala heaviness; sluggishness,
training, education; instruction doltishness; dullness
‫ مَثاقفة‬mutāqafa fencing, art or sport of ‫ ثقيل‬taqīl pl. ‫ ثقلاء‬tuqalā’2, ‫ ثقال‬tiqāl
fencing, swordplay, swordsmanship heavy; weighty, momentous, grave,
serious, important; burdensome,
‫ تثقف‬tataqquf culturedness, culture, troublesome, cumbersome, oppressive;
refinement, education unpleasant, disagreeable, distasteful
‫ مَثقف‬mutaqqaf educated; trained; (person)│ ‫ ثقيل الدم‬t. ad-dam insufferable,
cultured unpleasant, disagreeable (person); ‫ثقيل‬
‫ الروح‬t. ar-rūḥ doltish, dull (person); a
‫ ثقل‬taqula u (tiql, ‫ ثقالة‬taqāla) to be heavy; with
bore; ‫ ثقيل الظل‬t. aẓ-ẓill disagreeable,
‫ ب‬to load or burden s.th., make s.th.
insufferable (person); ‫ ثقيل الفهم‬t. al-fahm
heavy; to be hard to bear (‫ على‬for s.o.),
slow of understanding, slow-witted; ‫ثقيل‬
weigh heavily (‫ على‬on), be burdensome,
‫ السمع‬t. as-sam‘ hard of hearing; ‫صناعة ثقيلة‬
cumbersome, oppressive (‫ على‬to s.o.); to
(ṣinā‘a) heavy industry; ‫ مَاء ثقيل‬heavy
be heavy-handed. sluggish, doltish, dull-
water (phys.)
witted; to be too dull, too sluggish (‫ عن‬for
s.th. to do s.th.), not to bother (or about) II ‫ اثقل‬atqal2 heavier; more oppressive
to make heavy, weight (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to burden, ‫ مَثقال‬mitqāl pl. ‫ مَثاقيل‬matāqīl2 weight
encumber (‫ على‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬with s.th.), (also s.th. placed as an equipoise on the
overburden (‫ على‬s.o.), overtax s.o.’s (‫)على‬ scales of a balance); miskal, a weight (in
strength, ask too much (‫ على‬of s.o.); to Egypt = 24 4.68 = ‫ قراط‬g)│ ‫ مَثقال ذرة‬m. 104
trouble, inconvenience, bother (‫ على‬s.o. ‫ب‬ darra the weight of a dust speck, i.e., a
with s.th.), pester, molest (‫ على‬s.o.)│ ‫ثقل‬ tiny amount; a little bit; ‫ مَثقال مَن‬a little of,
‫كاهله‬and ‫( اثقل كاهله‬kāhilahū) to burden s.o. a little bit of
or s.th; ‫ اثقل كاهل الميزان‬to burden the budget
IV to burden (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to oppress, ‫ تثقيل‬tatqīl weighting, burdening;
distress (‫ ه‬s.o.). weigh heavily (‫ ه‬on); to be molestation
hard to bear (‫ ه‬for s.o.)│ ‫اثقل كاهله‬ ‫ تثاقل‬tatāqul sluggishness, dullness
(kāhilahū) see II; VI to become or be
heavy; to be troublesome, burdensome ( ‫ مَثقل‬mutaqqal and mutqal burdened,
‫ على‬to s.o.), trouble. oppress (‫ على‬s.o.); to encumbered; overloaded; weighted (‫ب‬
be sluggish. doltish. slow; to be in a bad with s.th.); oppressed (‫ ب‬by); heavy
mood, be sullen, grumpy; to find ‫ مَتثاقل‬mutatāqil sluggish, dull; sullen,
burdensome and turn away (‫ عن‬from grumpy
s.th.); not to bother (‫ عن‬about); to be too
dull, too sluggish (‫ عن‬for s.th., to do s.th.) ‫ ثكل‬takila a (takal) to lose a child (‫)ه‬, also: to
X to find heavy, hard. burdensome, be bereaved of a loved one (‫ )ه‬by death IV
troublesome (‫ هـ‬s.th.), find annoying (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ ‫ اثكل الم ولدها‬atkala l-umma waladuhā to
s.o.. s.th.)│‫( استثقل ظله‬ẓillahū) to find s.o. bereave a mother of her son
unbearable, dislike s.o. ‫ ثكل‬takal state of one who has lost a
‫ ثقل‬tiql pl. ‫ اثقال‬atqāl weight; burden friend or relative; mourning over the loss
load; gravity; heaviness│ ‫ رفع الَثقال‬raf‘ al- of a loved one
‫ ثكلن‬taklān (2) bereaved of a child ‫ تثليث‬tatlīt doctrine of the Trinity; Trinity
(Chr.)
‫ ثكلى‬taklā bereaved of a child (mother)
‫ تثليثى‬tatlītī trigonometric(al)
‫ ثاكلة‬tākila pl. ‫ ثواكل‬tawākil2 bereaved of
a child (mother) ‫ مَثلث‬mutallat tripled, triple, threefold;
having three diacritical dots (letter);
‫ ثكنة‬tuknā pl. ‫ ثكن‬tukan, -āt barracks (mil.)
triangular; (pl. -āt) triangle (geom.)│ ‫الراية‬
‫ ثل‬talla u (‫ ثلل‬talal) to tear down, destroy, ‫( المثلثة اللوان‬rāya), ‫‘( العلم المثلث‬alam) and ‫الم‬
overthrow, subvert (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. ‫عرشا‬ ‫ ثلث‬the tricolor; ‫( المثلث الحاد‬ḥadd) acute-
‘aršan to topple a throne) VII to be angled triangle; ‫ مَثلث الزوايا‬m. az-zawāyā
subverted, overthrown (throne) triangular; ‫( المثلث المتساوى الساقين‬mutasāwā
‫ ثلة‬tulla pl. ‫ ثلل‬tulal troop, band, party, group s-sāqain) isosceles triangle; ‫المثلث المتساوى‬
(of people); military detachment ‫ الضلع‬equilateral triangle; ‫المثلث القائم‬
right-angled triangle
‫ ثلب‬talaba i (talb) to criticize, run down (‫ه‬
s.o.); to slander, defame (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ المثلثات‬al-mutallatāt and ‫حساب المثلثات‬
ḥisāb al-m. trigonometry
‫ ثلب‬talb slander, defamation
‫ ثلج‬talaja u: ‫( ثلجت السماء‬samā’u) it snowed,
‫ مَثلبة‬matlaba pl. ‫ مَثالب‬matālib2 was snowing; -- talija a to be delighted,
shortcoming, defect, blemish, stain, 105 be gladdened (soul, heart; ‫ ب‬by) II to
disgrace cool with ice (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to freeze, turn into
‫ ثالب‬tālib slanderous, defamatory; ice (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV ‫ اثلجت السماء‬it snowed, was
slanderer snowing; to cool, moisten (‫ هـ‬s.th.)│ ‫اثلج‬
‫( صدره‬ṣadrahū) to delight, please, gratify
‫ ثلث‬II to triple, make threefold (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to do s.o. V to become icy, turn into ice,
three times (‫ هـ‬s.th.) congeal; to freeze
‫ ثلث‬tult pl. ‫ اثلاث‬atlāt one third; tulut a ‫ ثلج‬talj pl. ‫ ثلوج‬tulūj snow; ice; artificial
sprawling, decorative calligraphic style ice│‫ ندفة الثلج‬nadfat at-t. snowflake
‫ ثلاثة‬talāta (f. ‫ ثلاث‬talāt) three; ‫ ثلثا‬talātan ‫ ثلجى‬taljī snowy, snow- (in compounds);
three times, thrice icy, glacial, ice- (in compounds)
‫ ثلاثى‬talātī tertiary; Tertiary (geol.)│‫مَا قبل‬ ‫ ثليج‬talīj icy
‫ الثلثى‬pre-Tertiary
‫ ثلج‬tallāj pl. -ūn ice vendor
‫ ثلاثة عشر‬talātata ‘ašara, f. ‫ثلاث عشرة‬
talāta ‘ašrata thirteen ‫ ثلجة‬tallāja pl. -āt iceberg, ice floe;
refrigerator, icebox
‫ الثالث‬at-tālit the third; ‫ ثالثا‬tālitan thirdly;
1/60 ‫ ثالثة‬of a second ‫ مَثلجة‬matlaja pl. ‫ مَثالج‬matālij2 icebox,
refrigerator; cold-storage plant
‫ ثلاثون‬talātūn thirty
‫ مَثلوج‬matlūj snow-covered; iced, icy;
‫ الثلثاء‬at-talatā’ and ‫ يوم الثلثاء‬yaum at-t. ‫ مَثلوجات‬frozen food; iced beverages
Tuesday
‫ مَثلج‬mutallaj iced; icy, ice-cold
‫ ثلاث‬tulāt2 and ‫ مَثلث‬mutallat three at a
time ‫ ثلم‬talama i (talm) to blunt, make jagged (‫هـ‬
s.th.), break the edge of (‫ ;)هـ‬to make a
‫ ثلاثى‬tulātī tripartite, consisting of three, breach, gap or opening (‫ هـ‬in a wall); to
(gram.) triliteral, consisting of three defile, sully (‫ هـ‬reputation, honor);
radicals; tri-; trio (mus. )│‫ ثلاثى الزوايا‬t. z- --talima a to be or become jagged, dull,
zawāyā triangular; ‫ ثلاثى الورقات‬t. l- blunt II to blunt (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to become
waraqāt trifoliate blunt VII to be defiled, be discredited
‫ ثالوث‬tālūt Trinity (CM.); trinity, triad; (reputation)
triplet│ ‫ زهرة الثالوث‬zahrat at-t. pansy
(bot.)
‫ ثلم‬talm nick, notch; breach, opening, ‫ ثمل‬tamal intoxication, drunkenness
gap; crock, fissure, rift│‫ ثلم الصيت‬t. aṣ-ṣīt ‫ ثملة‬tamala drunken fit, drunkenness
defamation
‫ ثمل‬tamil intoxicated, drunk(en)
‫ ثلمة‬tulma pl. ‫ ثلم‬tulam = talm│ ‫سد ثلمة‬
sadda talmatan to fill a gap; ‫ثلمة لَ تسد‬ ‫ ثمالة‬tumāla residue, remnant, dregs (of a
(tusaddu) a gap that cannot be closed, an liquid), heeltap (of wine); .cum, foam,
irreparable loss froth 106
1
‫ ثالم‬talim dull, blunt ‫ثمن‬II to appraise, asses, estimate (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
determine the price or value (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to
‫ مَثلوم‬matlūm defiled, sullied (reputation, price (‫ هـ‬s.th.)│ ‫ لَ ثمل‬lā yutammanu
honor) invaluable, inestimable, priceless
‫ مَثلم‬mutatallim blunted, blunt; cracking ‫ ثمن‬pl. ‫ اثمن‬atmān, ‫ اثمنة‬atmina price,
(voice) cost; value│‫( الثمن الصلى‬aṣlī) cost price; ‫الث‬
‫ مَنثلم الصيت‬muntalim aṣ-ṣīt of ill repute, ‫( من الساسى‬asāsī) par, nominal value
of dubious reputation ‫ ثمين‬tamīn costly, precious, valuable
‫ ثم‬tamma there ‫ ثم‬min tamma hence, therefore, ‫ اثمن‬atman2 costlier, more precious,
for that reason more valuable
‫ ثم‬tumma then, thereupon; furthermore, ‫ تثمين‬tatmīn estimated, appraisal,
moreover; and again, and once more assessment, valuation, rating
(emphatically in repetition)│‫كل ثم كل‬
(kallā) no and a hundred times no! ‫مَن ثم‬ ‫ مَثمون‬matmūn object of value
min tamma then, thereupon ‫ مَثمن‬mutammin estimator, appraiser│
‫ ثمة‬tammata (‫ )ثمت‬there; there is│‫ليس ثمة‬ ‫ خبير مَثمن‬assessor
there isn't ‫ مَثمن‬mutamman prized, valued,
‫ ثمام‬tumām a grass│‫( على طرف الثمام‬ṯarafi valuable, precious
t-t.) within easy reach, handy; ‫جعله على‬ ‫ مَثمن‬mutmin costly, precious, valuable
‫ طرف الثمام‬he made it readily
understandable, he presented it plsusibly ‫ مَثمن‬mutman object of value
for all 2
‫ ثمانية‬tamāniya (f. ‫ ثمان‬tamānin) eight
‫ اثمد‬look up alphabetically ‫ ثمانية عشر‬tamāniyata ‘ašara, f. ‫ثماني عشرة‬
‫ ثمر‬tamara u to bear fruit IV do. X to profit, tamāniya ‘ašrata eighteen
benefit (‫ هـ‬from); to exploit, utilize (‫هـ‬ ‫ ثمن‬pl. ‫ اثمان‬atmān one-eighth
s.th.); to invest profitably (‫ هـ‬money)
‫ ثمنة‬tumna pl. -āt a dry measure (Eg. =
‫ ثمر‬tamar pl. ‫ ثمار‬timār, ‫ اثمار‬atmār 1/3 258. = ‫ قدح‬l; Pal. = ca. 2.25 l)
fruits, fruit (coll.); result, effect, fruit,
fruitage; yield, profit, benefit, gain ‫ ثمانون‬tamānūn eighty

‫ ثمرة‬tamara (n. un. of tamar) pl. -āt ‫ الثامَن‬at-tāmin the eighth


fruit; result, effect; yield, profit, benefit, ‫ مَثمن‬mutamman eightfold; octagonal
gain
‫ ثنة‬tunna pl. ‫ ثنن‬tunan fetlock
‫ استثمار‬istitmār exploitation (also pol.-
‫ ثندوة‬tunduwa pl. ‫ ثناد‬tanādin breast (of the
econ.), utilization, profitable use
male)
‫ مَثمر‬mutmir fruitful, productive,
‫ ثنى‬tanā i (tany) to double, double up, fold,
profitable, lucrative
fold up, fold under (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bond, flex
‫ مَستثمر‬mustatmir pl. -ūn exploiter (pol.- (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to turn away, dissuade, keep,
econ.); beneficiary prevent, divert (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from)│ ‫ثنى عنان‬
‫ ثمل‬tamila a (tamal) to become drunk IV to ‫‘( فرسه‬ināna farasihī) he galloped off II to
make drunk, intoxicate (‫ ه‬s.o.) double, make double (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to do twice,
repeat (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pleat, plait (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to O ‫ ثنائية‬tunā’īya dualism; duet, duo
form the dual (‫ هـ‬of a word); to provide (mus.)
with two diacritical dots (‫ هـ‬a letter) IV to ‫ اثنان‬itnāni, f. ‫ اثنتان‬itnatāni two
commend, praise, laud, extol (‫ على‬s.th.,
s.o.), speak appreciatively (‫ على‬of)│ ‫اثنى‬ ‫ اثنا عشر‬itnā ‘ašara, f. ‫ اثنتا عشرة‬itnatā
‫‘( عليه عاطر الثناء‬āṯira tanā’) to speak in the ‘ašrata twelve
most laudatory terms of s.o. V to double, ‫ يوم الَثنين‬yaum al-itnaini and ‫الَثنين‬
become double; to be doubled; to be Monday
repeated; to bond, fold; to be bent, be
folded. be folded up or under; to walk ‫ الثانى‬at-tānī the second; the next; ‫ثانيا‬
with a swinging gait VII to bend, bend up, tāniyan and ‫ ثانية‬tāniyatan secondly; for
down or over, lean, incline, bow; to fold, the second time, once more, again│ ‫ثانى‬
be foldable, be folded back; to turn away ( ‫ اثنين‬t. itnain the second of a pair, pendant,
‫ عن‬from), give up, renounce (‫ عن‬s.th.); to companion piece, match
turn, face (‫ل‬I toward); to apply o.s., turn (‫ال‬ ‫ ثانية‬tāniya pl. ‫ ثوان‬tawānin second (time
‫ ى‬to s.th.); (with foll. imperf.) to set out, unit)
prepare (to do s.th.) X to except, exclude (
‫ مَن ه‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th. or s.o. from), make an ‫ ثانوى‬tānawī secondary; minor│‫امَور ثانوية‬
exception (‫ هـ‬of s.th.) matters of secondary importance, minor
matters; ‫ مَدرسة ثانوية‬secondary school;
‫ ثنى‬tany bonding; folding; turning away, ‫ تسويغ ثانوي‬subletting
dissuasion, keeping, prevention
‫ تثنية‬tatniya repetition; plaiting, pleating;
‫ ثنى‬tiny pl. ‫ اثناء‬atnā’ fold, pleat, plait, doubling, gemination; (gram.) dual;
crease (in cloth); bond, twist│ ‫ثنيا بعد ثنى‬ second sequel (e.g., of a collection of
tinyan ba‘da tinyin from time to time short stories); commendation, praise,
‫ اثناء‬atnā’ (prep.) during; in the course eulogy│ ‫ تثنية الَشتراع‬Deuteronomy
of│‫ فى اثناء‬fī atnā’i do.; ‫ فى تلك‬,‫فى اثناء ذلك‬ ‫ انثناء‬intinā’ bending, flection; flexibility,
‫ اثناء ذلك‬,‫ الَثناء‬in the meantime, during all foldability│ ‫ قابل للانثناء‬foldable, folding
this time, meanwhile
‫ انثناءة‬intinā’a pl. -āt (n. vic.) bend,
‫ ثنية‬tanya pl. tanyāt fold, pleat, plait, flexure, curve
crease (in cloth)
‫ استثناء‬istitnā’ exception, exclusion│ ‫باستث‬
‫ ثنية‬tanya pl. ‫ ثنايا‬tanāyā middle incisor; ‫ ناء‬with the exception of, except; ‫بدون‬
narrow pass; mountain trail│ ‫ فى ثنايا‬in, ‫ استثناء‬without exception
inside, among, between, frequently only a
fuller, rhetorically more elegant ‫ استثنائى‬istitnā’ī exoeptional; ‫استثنائيا‬
expression for "in". e.g., ‫ فى ثنايا نفسه‬in his istitnā’īyan as an exception│ ‫احوال استثنائية‬
heart, inwardly, ‫ فى ثنايا الكتاب‬in the book; emergencies; ‫( جلسة استثنائية‬jalsa)
‫ بين ثنايا‬in, inside, among, between; ‫طلع‬ emergency session
‫ الثنايا‬ṯallā‘ at-t. one with high-flung ‫ مَثنى‬matnīy folded; plaited, pleated;
aspirations 107 doubled
‫ ثناء‬tanā’ commendation, praise, eulogy; ‫ مَثنى‬mutannan ouble, twofold; in the
appreciation dual (gram.)
‫ ثناء‬tunā’2 and ‫ مَثنى‬matnā two at a time ‫ مَستثنى‬mustatnan excepted, excluded (‫مَن‬
‫ ثنوى‬tanawī dualist from)

‫ ثنوية‬tanawīya dualism ‫ ثوة‬see ‫ثوى‬


1
‫ ثنائى‬tanā’ī laudatory, eulogistic (‫ ثاب )ثوب‬tāba u to return, come back (also,
e.g., a state or condition, ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.);
‫ ثنائى‬tunā’ī twofold, double, dual, binary, with ‫ب‬: to return s.th. (‫ الى‬to s.o.)│ ‫ثاب الى‬
bi-; biradical (gram.); duet, duo (mus.)│ ‫ نفسه‬to regain consciousness, come to; ‫ثاب‬
‫( مَحرك ثنائى المشوار‬muḥarrik t. l-mišwār) ‫( اليه رشده‬rušduhū) to recover one’s senses
two-cycle engine
II to reward (‫ ه‬s.o.; said of God) IV to ‫ ثور‬taur pl. ‫ ثيران‬tīrān bull, steer; ox;
repay, requite (‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. with); to reward ( Taurus (astron.)│ ‫ شوربة ذيل الثور‬šōrabat
‫ على ه‬s.o. for) X to seek reward dail at-t. oxtail soup
‫ ثوب‬taub pl. ‫ ثياب‬tiyāb, ‫ اثواب‬atwāb ‫ ثورة‬taura excitement, agitation;
garment, dress; cloth, material; (fig.) garb, outbreak, outburst, fit (of fury, of despair,
outward appearance, guise, cloak, mask; etc.); eruption (of a volcano); (pl. -āt)
pl. ‫ ثياب‬clothes, clothing, apparel│ ‫ثياب‬ upheaval, uprising, insurrection, riot,
‫ السهرة‬t. as-suhra formal dress, evening rebellion, revolt, revolution│‫ثورة اهلية‬
clothes; ‫ فى ثوب بسيط‬in plain, homely form; (ahlīya) internal strife, civil war
‫ طاهر الثياب‬of flawless character, ‫ ثورى‬taurī revolutionary (adj. and n.)
irreproachable
‫ ثوروى‬taurawī revolutionary (adj. and
‫ ثواب‬tawāb requital, recompense, reward n.)
(for good deeds); (Isl. Law) merit, credit
(arising from a pious deed) ‫ ثوران‬tawarān agitation, excitation,
flare-up, emption, outbreak, outburst, dust
‫ مَثوبة‬matūba requital, recompense, whirl
reward (bestowed by God for good deeds)
‫ مَثار‬matār incentive, stimulus, motive,
‫ مَثاب‬matāb and ‫ مَثابة‬matāba place to spur, occasion, cause│ ‫ مَثار الجدل‬m. al-
which one returns; meeting place; jadal and ‫ مَثار النزاع‬object of controversy,
rendezvous; resort, refuge point of contention
‫ مَثابة‬matāba (with foll. genit.) place or ‫ اثارة‬itāra excitation, stirring up,
time at which s.th. appears or recurs; 108 kindling; agitation, incitement;
manner, mode, fashion; see also preceding provocation, (a)rousing, awakening;
entry│ ‫( بمثابة‬with foll. genit.) like, as; irritation, stimulation
tantamount to, equivalent to, having the
same function as ‫ ثائر‬tā’ir excited, agitated, raving,
2 furious, mad; rebellious; fury, rage (in the
‫ ثئب( تثاوب = تثاءب‬VI) to yawn idiomatic phrase ‫ ثار ثائرة‬see above); (pl. ‫ثوا‬
(‫ ثار )ثور‬tāra u to stir, be stirred up, be ‫ ر‬tuwwār) insurgent, rebel, revolutionary
aroused, be excited; to swirl up, rise ‫ ثائرة‬tā’ira pl. ‫ ثوائر‬tawā’ir2 tumult;
(dust); to arise (question, problem; a excitement, agitation; fury, rage
difficulty, ‫ فى وجهه‬fī wajhihī before s.o.); to
be triggered, be unleashed, break out; to ‫ مَثير‬mutīr exciting; provocative;
revolt, rebel, rise (‫ على‬against); to rage, stimulative, irritative; excitant, irritant,
storm│ ‫( ثار ثائره‬tā’irohū) to fly into a stimulant; instigator; germ, agent; pl.
rage, become furious, flare up IV to ‫ مَثيرات‬stimulants
agitate, excite (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stimulate ‫ ثوريوم‬tōriyūm thorium (chem.)
(‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to irritate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
arouse, stir up, kindle, excite (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., ‫ ثول‬VII to swarm, crowd, throng (‫ على‬around
feelings), cause, provoke, awaken (‫هـ‬ s.o.); to come over s.o. (‫)على‬
s.th.); to raise, pose, bring up (‫مَسألة‬ ‫ ثول‬law and ‫ ثول النحل‬t. an-nḥl swarm of
mas’alatan a question, a problem)│ ‫اثار‬ bees
‫( ثائرته‬tā’iratahū) to infuriate s.o., excite
s.o. X to excite, stir up, kindle (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ثوم‬tūm (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬garlic
esp. passions); to rouse (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ ثوى‬tawā i (‫ ثواء‬tawā’, ‫ ثوى‬tuwīy, ‫ مَثوى‬matwan)
arouse, awaken (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. feelings); to to stay, live (‫ ب‬at a place); to settle down (
elicit, evoke (‫ هـ‬wails, outcries, ‫ مَن‬from ‫ ب‬at a place); pass. tuwiya to be buried IV
s.o.); to incite, set (‫ على ه‬s.o. against)│ ‫استثا‬ to stay, live; to lodge, put up as a guest (‫ه‬
‫( ر غضبه‬gaḍabahū) to infuriate s.o., make s.o.)
s.o. angry
‫ ثوى‬tawīy guestroom
‫ ثوة‬tūwa pl. ‫ ثوى‬tuwan signpost, road- ‫ جاه‬jāh rank, standing, dignity, honor, glory,
sign fame
‫ مَثوى‬matwan pl. ‫ مَثاو‬matāwin abode, ‫ جاوه‬jāwa Java
habitation, dwelling; place of rest ‫ جاوى‬jāwī Javanese; benzoin; (pl. -ūn) a
‫ ثيب‬tayyib pl. -āt a deflowered but unmarried Javanese
woman, widow, divorcée ‫ جاودار‬jāwadār rye
2
‫ ثيتل‬taital pl. ‫ ثياتل‬tayātil a variety of wild goat ‫ جاويش‬čāwīš sergeant = ‫ شاويش‬,‫شاوش‬
(Capra jaela) 109
1
‫ جب‬jubb pl. ‫ اجباب‬ajbāb, ‫ جباب‬jibāb well,
cistern; pit
2
‫ جبة‬jubba pl. ‫ جبب‬jubab, ‫جباب‬, jibāb, ‫جبائب‬
‫ج‬ jabā’ib2 jubbah, a long outer garment,
open in front, with wide sleeves
‫ جبح‬jabḥ pl. ‫ اجبح‬ajbuḥ, ‫ جباح‬jibāḥ, ‫ اجباح‬ajbāḥ
‫ جاثليق‬jātalīq = ‫جثليق‬
beehive
‫ جؤجؤ‬ju’ju’ pl. ‫ جآجئ‬ja’āji2 breast; prow, bow
‫ جبخانة‬jabḳāna, jabaḳāna powder magazine;
(of a ship)
ammunition; artillery depot
‫ جأر‬ja’ara a (ja’r, ‫ جؤار‬ju’ār) to low, moo; to
‫ جبر‬jabara u (jabr, ‫ جبور‬jubūr) to set (‫ هـ‬broken
supplicate, pray fervently (‫ الى‬to God)
bones); to restore, bring back to normal (‫هـ‬
‫ جأر‬ja’r, and ‫ جؤار‬ju’ār, lowing, mooing s.th.); to help back on his feet, help up (‫ه‬
(of cattle) s.o.; e.g., on. fallen into poverty); to force,
1
‫ جاز‬giiz pl. -āt (Eg. spelling) gas compel (‫ على ه‬s.o. to do s.th.)│ ‫جبر خاطره‬
(ḳāoṯirahū) to console, comfort, gratify,
2
‫ جاز‬jāz jazz oblige s.o.; to treat (s.o.) in a conciliatory
‫( جازون‬Fr. gazon, Eg. spelling) gāzōn lawn or kindly manner II to set (‫ هـ‬broken
bones) III to treat with kindness with
‫ جأش‬ja’aša a (ja’š) to be agitated, be friendliness (‫ ه‬s.o.), be nice (‫ ه‬to s.o.) IV to
convulsed (with pain or fright) force, compel (‫ على ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); to
‫ جأش‬ja’š emotional agitation; heart, hold sway (‫ على‬over) V to show o.s.
soul│ ‫ ربط جأشه‬rabaṯa ja’šahū to remain proud, haughty; to act strong, throw one’s
calm, composed, self-possesed; ‫رابط الجأش‬ weight around; to show o.s. strong or
or ‫ ثابت الجأش‬calm, composed, cool, self- powerful, demonstrate one’s strength or
possessed, undismayed; ‫ بجأش رابط‬with power; to be set (broken bones)│ ‫تجبر ا‬
unswerving courage, unflinchingly ‫( بابنك‬bi-bnika) God has demonstrated His
power on your son, i.e., He has taken him
‫ جاكتة‬,‫ جاكته‬and ‫ جاكيته‬žakēta jacket, coat
unto Himself VII to be mended. repaired,
‫ جالون‬galōn gallon restored
‫( جاليرى‬Eg. spelling) galērī gallery (theat.) ‫ جبر‬jabr setting (of broken bones); force,
‫ جام‬jām pl. –āt cup; drinking vessel; bowl compulsion; coercion, duress; power, 110
might; (predestined, inescapable) decree
‫ جامَكية‬jāmakīya pl. -āt, ‫ جوامَك‬jawāmik2 pay of fate; ‫ جبرا‬jab,an forcibly, by force│ ‫علم‬
‫ جامَوس‬jāmūs pl. ‫ جوامَيس‬jawāmīs2 buffalo ‫‘ الجبر‬ilm al-j. algebra; ‫ يوم جبر البحر‬yaum j.
al-baḥr a local holiday of Cairo (the day
‫ جامَوسة‬jāmūsa buffalo cow on which, in former times, the water of the
‫( جانرك‬pronounced žānəreg, from Turk. Nile was channeled into the now-
caneriği; coll.; n. un. žānərgēye) a variety abandoned ḳalīg, or City Canal, thus mar
of small green plum with several stones ‫فى‬ng the beginning of the irrigation
(syr.) season)
‫ جبرى‬jabrī algebraic; compulsory,
forced; -- jabarī an adherent of the
doctrine of predestination and the Mountains (in E Algeria); ‫ جبل جليد‬iceberg;
inescapability of fate; fatalist ‫ جبل سينا‬j. sīnā Mount Sinai; ‫جبل طارق‬
Gibraltar; ‫ جبل نار‬volcano
‫ جبرية‬jabarīya an Islamic school of
thought teaching the inescapability of fate; ‫ جبلى‬jabalī mountainous, hilly; mountain
fatalism (adj.); montane; (pl. -ūn) highlander,
mountaineer
‫ جبار‬jabbār, pl. -ūn, ‫ جبابر‬jabābir2, ‫جبابرة‬
jabābira giant; colossus; tyrant, ‫ جبلاوى‬gabalāwī (eg.) highlander,
oppressor; almighty, omnipotent (God); mountaineer
gigantic, giant, colossal, huge; Orion ‫ جبلاية‬gabalāya pl. -āt (eg.) grotto, cave
(astron.)│ ‫ جبار الخطوة‬j. al-ḳuṯ.wa striding
powerfully, ta‫فى‬ng buge strides ‫ جبن‬jabuna u (jubn, ‫ جبانة‬jabāna) to be a
coward, be fearful; to be too much of a
‫ جبارة‬jibāra (art of) bonesetting coward (‫ عن‬to do s.th.), shrink (‫ عن‬from
‫ جبيرة‬jabīra and ‫ جبارة‬jībāra pl. ‫جبائر‬ s.th.) II to cause to curdle (‫ هـ‬milk); to
jabā’ir2 splint (surg.) make into cheese (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to curdle; to
accuse of cowardice, call a coward (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ جبروت‬jabarūt omnipotence; power,
V to curdle (milk), turn into cheese
might; tyranny
‫ جبن‬jubn and ‫ جبانة‬jabāna cowardice
‫ جبرياء‬jibriyā’2 pride, haughtiness
‫ جبن‬jubn and ‫ جبنة‬jubna cheese
O ‫ تجبير‬tajbīr, ‫ تجبير العظام‬orthopedics
‫ جبان‬jabān pl. ‫ جبناء‬jubanā’2 coward;
‫ اجبار‬ijbār compulsion, coercion
cowardly
‫ اجبارى‬ijbārī forced, forcible,
‫ جبان‬jabbān cheese merchant
compulsory, obligatory│‫التجنيد الَجبارى‬
compulsory recruitment; military ‫ جبين‬jabīn pl. ‫ جبن‬jubun, ‫ اجبنة‬ajbina, ‫اجبن‬
conscription ajbun forehead, brow; façade, front; face
‫ مَن جبينى‬min jabīnī I alone; ‫على جبين السماء‬
‫ جابر‬jābir and ‫ مَجبر‬mujabbir, bonesetter
in the sky 111
‫ مَجبور‬majbūr and ‫ مَجبر‬mujbar forced,
‫ جبينى‬jabīnī frontal
compelled
‫ اجبن‬ajban2 more cowardly
‫ جبرئيل‬jabra’īl2 ‫ جبريل‬jibrīl2 Gabriel
2 ‫ جبانة‬jabbāna pl. -āt cemetery
‫جبس‬II to plaster, coat, patch, or fix with
plaster (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to put in a cast, set in ‫ تجبين‬tajbīn cheese making, processing
plaster (‫ هـ‬s.th.) into cheese
1
‫ جبس‬jibs gypsum; plaster of Paris ‫ جبه‬jabaha a to moot, face, confront (‫ ه‬s.o.) III
to face, confront, oppose, defy (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫هـ‬
‫ جباسة‬jabbāsa gypsum quarry; plaster
s.th.), show a hold front (‫ ه‬to); to face (‫ هـ‬a
kiln
problem, a difficulty)
2
‫ جبس‬jabas (coll.; n. un. ‫ ;ة‬syr.) watermelon(s)
‫ جبهة‬jabha pl. ‫ جباه‬jibāh, ‫ جبهات‬jabahāt
1
‫ جبل‬jabala u i (jabl) to mold, form, shape, forehead, brow; front, face, façade;
fashion (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to knead (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to frontline, battle front
create (‫ على ه‬s.o. with a natural disposition
‫ مَجابهة‬mujābaha facing, confrontation,
or propensity for); pass. ‫( جبل على‬jubila) to
opposition
be born for, be naturally diaposed to, bave
2
a propensity for ‫ جبه خانة‬see ‫جبخانة‬
‫ جبلة‬jibla, jibilla pl. -āt natural ‫ جبى‬jabā i (‫ جباية‬jibāya) to collect, raise, levy (
disposition, nature, temper ‫ هـ‬taxes, duties) II to prostrate o.s. (in
2 prayer) VIII to pick, choose, elect (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
‫ جبل‬jabal pl. ‫ جبل‬jibāl, ‫ اجبال‬ajbāl mountain;
‫ ه‬s.o.)
mountains, mountain range│ ‫ جبال الَلب‬j.
al-alb the Alpes; ‫ جبال الَوراس‬the Aurès
‫ جباية‬jibāya raising, levying (of taxes); s.th.); to renounce, forswear, adjure (‫ هـ‬a
(pl. oat) tax, duty, impost belief); to deny (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. his right)│ ‫جحد‬
‫( جميله‬jamīlahū) to he ungrateful to s.o.
‫ جبائي‬jibā’ī tax- (in compounds); fiscal
‫ جحد‬jaḥd denial; repudiation, disavowal,
‫ مَجبى‬majban pl. ‫ مَجاب‬majābin tax,
rejection, disclaimer; unbelief (rel.)
impost
‫ جحود‬juḥūd denial; evasion, dodging,
‫ جاب‬jābin pl. ‫ جباة‬jubāh tax collector,
shirking (of a moral obligation);
revenue officer, collector; (bus, etc.)
ingratitude; repudiation, disavowal,
conductor (ir.)
rejection, disclaimer; unbelief (rel.)
‫ جابية‬jābiya pl. ‫ جواب‬jawābin pool, basin
‫ جاحد‬jāḥid denier; infidel, unbeliever
‫ جتا‬jatā (abbreviation of ‫ )جيب التمام‬cosine
‫ جحر‬VII to hide in ito hole or den (animal)
(math.)
‫ جحر‬juḥr pl. ‫ اجحار‬ajḥār, ‫ جحور‬juḥūr
‫ جث‬jatta (jatt) and VIII to tear out, uproot (‫ هـ‬a
hole, den, lair, burrow (of animals) 112
tree, also fig.)
‫ جحش‬jaḥš pl. ‫ جحاش‬jiḥāš, ‫ جحشان‬jiḥšān, ‫اجحاش‬
‫ جثة‬jutta pl. ‫ جثث‬jutat, ‫ اجثاث‬ajtāt body;
ajḥāš young donkey; (pl. ‫ جحوش‬juḥūš)
corpse, cadaver; carcass
trestle, horse
‫ مَجتث‬muitat uprooted (also fig.)
‫ جحشة‬jaša young female donkey
‫ جثل‬jatl thick, dense (esp. hair)
‫ جحظ‬jaḥaẓa a (‫ جحوظ‬juḥūẓ) to bulge, protrude
‫ جثليق‬jitlīq pl. ‫ جثالقة‬jatāliqa catholicos, primate (eyeball)
of the Armenian Church
‫ جحوظ العين‬juḥūz al-‘ain exophthalmic goiter,
‫ جثم‬jatama u i (jatm, ‫ جثوم‬jutūm) to alight, sit, abnormal protrusion of the eyeball
perch (bird); to crouch, cower; to fall or
‫ جحف‬jaḥafa a (jaḥf) to peel off, scrape off (‫هـ‬
lie prone, lie face down; to beset, oppress
s.th.); to sweep away (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to have a
(‫ على‬s.th.)
bias (‫ مَع‬for), side (‫ مَع‬with s.o.) IV to
‫ جثمة‬jatma (n. vic.) motionless sitting or harm, hurt, injure, prejudice (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.);
lying to ruin. destroy (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to wrong (‫ب‬
‫ جثام‬jutām and ‫ جاثوم‬jātūm nightmare, s.o.)
incubus ‫ اجحاف‬ijḥāf injustice, wrong; bias,
‫ جثمان‬jutmān pl. -āt hody, mortal frame prejudice

‫ جثمانى‬jutmānī hodily, physical, ‫ مَجحف‬mujḥif unjust, unfair; biased,


corporeal prejudiced

‫ جاثم‬jātim pl. ‫ جثم‬juttam squatting, ‫ جحفل‬jaḥfala pl. ‫ جحافل‬jaḥāfil2 multitude,


crouching; perching; prostrate, prone legion, host, large army; army corps
(Syr.); eminent man
(‫ جثا )جثو‬jatā u (jutuw) to kneel, root on the
knees; to bend the knee, genullect; to fall ‫ جحيم‬jaḥīm f. (also m.) fire, hellfire, hell
on one’s knees ‫ جحيمى‬jaḥīmī hellish, infernal
‫ جثو‬jutūw kneeling pooition ‫ جخ‬jaḳḳa (eg.) to lord it, give o.s. airs; to boast,
‫ جثوة‬jutwa rock pile, mound; sepulchral brag; (syr.) to dress up (slightly ironical)
mound, tumulus ‫ جخاخ‬jaḳḳāḳ boaster, braggart
‫ مَجثى‬majtan hassock 1
‫ جد‬jadd pl. ‫ جدود‬judūd, ‫ اجاد‬ajdād grand-father;
‫ جاث‬jātin kneeling; ‫ الجاثى‬Hercules ancestor, forefather│ ‫( الجد الَعلى‬a‘lā)
(astron.) ancestor

‫ جحد‬jaḥda a (jaiḥd, ‫ جحود‬juḥūd) to negate (‫هـ‬ ‫ جدة‬jadda pl. -āt grandmother


s.th.); to disclaim, disavow, disown, deny 2
‫ جد‬jadda i to be new; to be a recent
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to refuse, reject, repudiate (‫هـ‬ development, have happened lately, have
recently become a fact; to be added, crop unprecedented│‫ الجديدان‬al-jadīdān day and
up or enter as a new factor (circumstances, night; ‫ مَن جديد‬anew, again; (eg.) ‫جديد لنج‬
costs); to appear for the first time (also, gadīd lang brand-new.
e.g., on the stage); to be or become ‫ اجد‬ajadd2 more serious, more intent;
serious, grave; to be weighty, significant, newer, more recent
important; to take ‫ فى‬s.th.) seriously; to
strive earnestly ‫ فى‬for), go out of one’s ‫ تجديد‬tajdīd renewal (also. e.g., of a
way (‫ فى‬to do s.th.), make every effort (‫فى‬ permit); creation of s.th. new origination;
in); to be serious, be in earnest (‫ فى‬about), new presentation, new production (theat.);
mean business; to hurry (‫ فى‬one’s step) II innovation; reorganization, reform;
to renew (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make anew, remake ( modernization; renovation, restoration,
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to modernize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to restore, remodeling. refitting. reconditioning,
renovate, remodel, refit, recondition, refurbishing; rejuvenation, regeneration;
refurbish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be an innovator, a pl. -āt innovations; new achievements
reformer; to feature s.th. new or novel, ‫ تجدد‬tajaddud renewal, regeneration,
produce s.th. new; to rejuvenate, revival
regenerate, revive, freshen up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
renew, extend (‫ هـ‬a permit); to begin anew, ‫ جاد‬jādd in earnest, earnest; serious (as
repeat (‫ هـ‬s.th.), make a new start (‫ هـ‬in opposed to comic, funny)
s.th.); to try again (‫ حظه‬ḥaẓẓahū one’s ‫ جادة‬jādda pl. –āt, jawādd2 main street;
luck) IV to strive, endeavor, take pains; to street
apply o.s. earnestly and assiduously (‫فى‬
to), be bent, be intent (‫ فى‬on s.th.); to ‫ مَجدود‬majdūd fortunate. lucky
hurry (‫ فى‬one's step); to renew, make new ‫ مَجدد‬mujaddid renewer; innovator;
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to become new, be renewed; to reformer
revive X to be new, be added or enter as a
‫ مَجدد‬mujaddad renewed, extended;
new factor, come newly into existence; to
remodeled, reconditioned, renovated,
make new, renew (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
restored; rejuvenated, regenerated, new,
‫ جد‬iadd pl. ‫ جدود‬judūd good luck, good recent, young
fortune
‫ مَجد‬mujidd painstaking, diligent,
‫ جد‬jidd seriousness, earnestness; assiduous
diligence, assiduity, eagerness; ‫ جدا‬jiddan
‫ مَستجد‬mustajidd new, recent; incipient
very, much│ ‫ بجد‬and ‫ مَن جد‬earnestly,
seriously; ‫ جد باهظ‬jiddu bāhiẓin very high ‫ جدب‬jaduba u ‫ جدوبة‬judūba) to be or become
(price); ‫ جد عظيم‬j. ‘aẓīmin very great; dry, arid (soil) IV to suffer from drought,
‫( يختلفون جد الَختلف‬jidda l-iḳtilāf) they poverty or dearth; to be barren, sterile; to
differ widely; ‫( وقف على ساق الجد ل‬sāqi l-j.) come to nothing, go up in smoke, fall flat,
to apply o.s. with diligence to, take pains fizzle out; (syr.) to explode in the barrel
in, make every effort to (shell; mil.)
‫ جدى‬jiddī serious; earnest; ‫ جديا‬jiddīyan ‫ جدب‬jadb drought, barrenness, sterility;
in earnest, earnestly, seriously sterile, barren
‫ جدية‬jiddīya earnestness; seriousness, ‫ جديب‬jadīb and ‫ اجدب‬ajdab2, f. ‫جدباء‬
gravity (of a situation) jadbā’2 barren, sterile
‫ جدة‬jidda newness, recency, novelty; ‫ مَجدب‬mujdib barren, sterile; desolate,
modernness, modernity; O rebirth, arid; unproductive, unprofitable
renaissance ‫ جدث‬jadat pl. ‫ اجداث‬ajdāt grave, tomb
2
‫ جدة‬judda Jidda (eeaport in W Saudi ‫ جدجد‬judjud pl. ‫ جداجد‬jadājid2 cricket (zool.)
Arabia, on Red Sea) 113
1
‫ جدر‬jadura u (‫ جدارة‬jadāra) to be fit, suitable,
‫ جديد‬jadīd pl. ‫ جدد‬judud, judad new, proper. appropriate (‫ ب‬for s.o., for s.th.);
recent; renewed; modem; novel, to befit, behoove (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to be
worthy (‫ ب‬of), deserve (‫ ب‬s.th.)│ ‫يجدر ذكره‬ ‫ جدل‬jadal quarrel, argument; debate,
(dikruhū) and ‫ يجدر بالذكر‬it is worth dispute, discussion, controversy│ ‫فرض‬
mentioning ‫ جدلا‬faraḍa jadalan to assume for the sake
of argument, propose as a basis for
‫ جدر‬jadr wall
discussion
‫ جدير‬jadīr pl. -ūn ‫ جدراء‬judarā’2 worthy,
‫ جدلى‬jadalī controversial; disputatious;
deserving (‫ ب‬of s.th.); becoming, befitting
a disputant
(‫ ب‬s.th.); proper, suited, suitable fit (‫ب‬
for), appropriate (‫ ب‬to)│ ‫( جدير بالذكر‬dikr) ‫ جدال‬jaddāl and ‫ مَجدال‬mijdāl
worth mentioning disputatious, argumentative; mijdāl see
also below
‫ اجدر‬ajdar worthier; more appropriate;
better suited, more suitable ‫ جديلة‬jadīla pl. ‫ جدائل‬jadā’il2 braid, plait;
tress
‫ جدارة‬jadāra worthiness; fitness,
suitability, aptitude, qualification; ‫ مَجدال‬mijdāl pl. ‫ مَجادل‬majādil2 flagstone,
appropriateness ashlar; see also above under jaddāl
‫ جدار‬jidār pl. ‫ جدر‬judur, ‫ جدران‬judrān ‫ جدال‬jidāl and ‫ مَجادلة‬mujādala pl. –āt
wall quarrel, argument; dispute, discussion,
debate│ ‫( لَ يقبل الجدال‬yaqbalu)
‫ جدارى‬jidārī mural, wall (adj.)
incontestable, indisputable; ‫ لَ جدال‬lā
2
‫ جدر‬judira (pass.) and II to have smallpox jidāla and ‫ بل جدال‬bi-lā j. incontestably,
‫ جدرى‬judarī, jadarī smallpox indisputably

‫ مَجدور‬majdūr and ‫ مَجدر‬mujaddar ‫ مَجدول‬majdūl tightly twisted; braided,


infected with smallpox; pock-marked plaited; interwoven, intertwined (tress of
hair); slender and trim, shapely (e.g., leg)
‫ مَجدرة‬mujaddara dish made of rice or
(in Syr.) of bulgur with lentils, onions and ‫ مَجادل‬mujādil disputant, opponent in
oil (eg., syr.) dispute
2
‫ جدع‬jada‘a a (jad‘) to cut off, amputate (‫هـ‬ ‫ جدول‬jadwal pl. ‫ جداول‬jadāwil2 creek, brook,
s.th., esp. some part of the body) little stream; column; list, roster; index;
chart, table, schedule│‫( جدول دراسى‬dirāsī)
‫ بجدع الَنف‬bi-jad‘i l-anf (prop., at the curriculum; ‫ جدول البورصة‬stock list, ‫خارج‬
cost of having the nose cut off) at any ‫( جدول البورصة‬ḳārija) not quoted (stock
price, regardless of the sacrifice involved exchange); ‫ جدول الاعمال‬agenda; working
‫ اجدع‬ajda‘ mutilated (by having the plan
nose, or the like cut off) 114 (‫ جدا )جدو‬jadā u to give a present (‫ على‬to s.o.)
2
□ ‫ جدع‬gada‘ (= ‫ جذع‬jada‘) pl. ‫ جدعان‬gid‘ān IV to give as a present (‫ ب على‬s.o. s.th.),
(eg.) young man, young fellow; heman present (‫ ب على‬s.o. with); to be of use, be
1
useful, profitable│‫( اجدى نفعا‬naf‘an) to be
‫ جدف‬II to curse, blaspheme (‫ على‬s.o., esp. useful; ‫ هذا لَ يجديك‬that won’t help you, that
God) will be of no use (to you); ‫مَا يجدى عنك هذا‬
‫ تجديف‬tajdīf imprecation, blasphemy do.; ‫( لَ يجدى فتيل‬fatīlan) = ‫ لا يغنى فتيل‬see
2 ‫ فتيل‬X to beg for alms; to implore, beg (‫هـ ه‬
‫ جدف‬jadafa i and II to row (o a boat)
s.o. for s.th.), plead (‫ هـ‬for s.th.)
‫ مَجداف‬mijdāf pl. ‫ مَجادف‬majādif2 oar
‫ جداء‬jadā’ advantage, gain (.r for s.o.)
1
‫ جدل‬jadala u i (jadl) to twist tight, tighten,
‫ جدوى‬jadwā gift, present; advantage,
stretch (‫ هـ‬a rope); to braid, plait (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
benefit, gain│ ‫( بل جدوى‬bi-lā) and ‫على غير‬
the hair, etc.) II to braid, plait, (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III
‫( جدوى‬gairi) of no avail, useless, futile, in
to quarrel, wrangle, bicker (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
vain
argue, debate (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to dispute,
contest (‫ فى‬s.th.) VI to quarrel, have an ‫ اجدى‬ajdā more useful, more
argument; to carry on a dispute advantageous
‫ جدى‬jady pl. ‫ جداء‬jidā’, ‫ جديان‬jidyān kid, young magnetism (fig.); lure, enticement│O ‫جاذبي‬
billy goat; Capricorn (astron.); ‫ الجدى‬the ‫ ة الثقل‬j. ataql gravitational force; ‫جاذبية‬
North Star ‫( مَغنطيسية‬magnaṯisūya) magnetism; ‫جاذبية‬
‫ الجنس‬j. al-jins sex appeal
‫ جذ‬jadda u (jadd) to cut off, clip (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَجذوب‬majdūb attracted; possessed,
‫ جذاذة‬jadāda pl. -āt slip of paper; pl. ‫جذاذا‬
maniacal, insane; (pl. ‫ مَجاذب‬majādib2)
‫ ت‬small pieces, shreds, scraps, clippings
maniac, lunatic, madman, idiot│ ‫مَستشفى‬
‫ جذب‬jadaba i (jadb) to pull, draw (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ المجاذيب‬mustašfā l-m. mental hospital
attract (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pull out, draw out,
‫ مَتجاذب‬mutajādib mutually attractive;
whip out (‫ هـ‬s.th.), draw (‫ هـ‬a weapon, or
belonging together, inseparable
the like); to appeal, prove attractive (‫ ه‬to
s.o.), attract, captivate, charm, allure (‫ه‬ ‫ مَنجذب‬munjadib attracted; inclined,
s.o.), win (‫ ه‬s.o.) over (‫ اليه‬to one’s side) III tending (‫ الى‬to)
to contend (‫ ه‬with s.o.) at pulling, tugging, ‫ جذر‬jadara u (jadr) to uproot, tear out by the
etc. (‫ هـ‬s.th.)│115 ‫( جاذبه الحبل‬ḥabla) to vie roots (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II do.; to extract the root (‫هـ‬
with s.o.; (to be able) to compete with s.o., of a number; math.); to take root
measure up to s.o., be a match for s.o.;
‫ جاذبه الكلم‬or ‫ جاذبه حديثا‬or ‫جاذبه اطراف الحديث‬ ‫ جذر‬jidr, jadr pl. ‫ جذور‬judūr root (also
(aṯrāfa l-ḥ.) he engaged him in math.); stem, base, lower end; (pl. ‫اجذار‬
conversation, involved him in a ajdār) stub (of a receipt book, or the
discussion; ‫( جاذبه اطراف الحضارة‬aṯrāfa l- like)│ ‫( جذر تربيعى‬tarbī‘ī) square root
ḥaḍāra) to vie with s.o. in culture VI to (math.)
pull back and forth (‫ ه‬s.o.); to contend ( ,‫ه‬ ‫ جذرى‬jidrī, radical, roct (adj.)
‫ هـ‬for); to attract each other│ ‫تجاذبوا اطراف‬
‫( الحديث‬aṯrāfa l-ḥ.) they were deep in ‫ تجذير‬tajdīr evolution, root extraction
conversstion, they were talking together (math.)
VII to be attracted; to be drawn, gravitate ‫ جذع‬jada‘ pl. ‫ جذع‬jud‘ān young man, young
(JI toward, to) VIII to attract (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫هـ‬ fellow (cf. □ ‫ جدع‬gada‘); new, incipient│
s.th., ‫ اليه‬to o.s.; also magn.); to allure, ‫( عادت الحرب جذعة‬ḥarbu, jada‘atan) the
entice (‫ ه‬s.o.); to win (‫ ه‬s.o.) over (‫ اليه‬to war broke out again, started all over again;
one's side); to draw, inhale (‫ هـ‬puffs from a ‫( اعاد الَمَر جذعا‬l-amra) he reopened the
cigarette, etc.) whole affair, he reverted to the earlier
‫ جذب‬jadb attraction; gravitation; appeal, status
lure, enticement, captivation│ ‫ اخذ جذبا‬to ‫ جذع‬jid‘ pl. ‫ اجذاع‬ajdā‘, ‫ جذوع‬judū‘ stem,
wrest away, take away by force; ‫الجذب‬ trunk.; stump, tree stump; torso
‫( الجنسى‬jinsī) sex appeal
‫ جذعى‬jid‘ī truncal
‫ جذاب‬jaddāb attractive; magnetic (fig.);
suction, suctorial; winning, fetching, ‫ جذف‬II to row (‫ هـ‬a boat)
engaging; charming, enticing, captivating, ‫ مَجذاف‬mijdāf pl. ‫ مَجاذف‬majādif2 oar
gripping
‫ جذل‬jadala a (jadal) to be happy, gay,
‫ اجذب‬ajdab2 more attractive, more exuberant, rejoice IV to make happy,
captivating gladden, cheer (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ انجذاب‬injidāb attraction, inclination, ‫ جذل‬jidl pl. ‫ اجذال‬ajdāl, ‫ جذول‬judūl stump
pronenesa, tendency (of a tree)
‫ اجتذاب‬ijtidāb attraction; enticement, lure ‫ جذيل‬jadīl wooden post on which camels
‫ جاذب‬jādib attractive; magnetic (fig.); rub themselves
winning, fetubing, engaging; charming, ‫ جذل‬jada1 gaiety, hilarity, exuberance,
enticing, captivating, gripping happiness 116
‫ جاذبية‬jādibīya gravitation; attraction; ‫ جذل‬jadil pl. ‫ جذلان‬judlān gay, hilarious,
attractiveness; charm, fascination; cheerful, in high spirits, exuberant, happy
‫ جذلَن‬jadlān2 gay, hilarious, cheerful, in ‫ مَن جرى‬min jarrā because of│ ‫مَن جراك‬
high spirits, exuberaut, happy because of you, on your account, for your
sake
‫ جذم‬ijdama i (jadm) to out off, chop off (‫هـ‬
s.th., esp. a part of the body); to remove, ‫ مَن جراء‬min jarā’i because of, due to│‫مَن‬
ta.ke out, excise (‫ هـ‬e.g., the tonsils, the ‫ جراء أن‬because
appendix; surg.); pass. judima to be ‫ جرار‬jarrār huge, tremendous (army);
afllicted with leprosy potter; (pl. -āt) tractor; tugboat, steam tug,
‫ جذم‬jidm pl. ‫ جذوم‬judūm, ‫ اجذام‬ajdām root towing launch
‫ جذام‬judām leprosy ‫ جارور‬jārūr pl. ‫ جوارير‬jawārīr2 (syr.)
drawer (of a desk, etc.)
‫ جذامَة‬judāma stubble
‫ جارورة‬jārūra (leb.) rake (tool)
‫ اجذام‬ajdām2 pl. ‫ جذامَى‬jadmā mutilated
(from having an arm, a hand, etc., cut off); ‫ جريرة‬jarīr pl. ‫ جرائر‬jarā’ir2 guilt;
leprous; leper offense, outrage, crime│ ‫ مَن جريرة‬min
jarīrati because of, on account of
‫ مَجذوم‬majdūm leprous; leper
‫ جرارة‬jarrāra pl. -āt a variety of
‫ جذمَور‬judmur stump
scorpion; tractor
‫ جذوة‬jadwa, jidwa, judwa pl. ‫ جذى‬jidan, judan,
‫ مَجر‬mijarr trace, tug (of a harness)
‫ جذاء‬jidā’ firebrand; burning log
‫ مَجرة‬majarra galaxy
‫ جر‬jarra u (jarr) to draw, pull (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
drag, tug, haul (‫ هـ‬s.th.): to tow (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ انجرارية‬injirārīya (eg.) towage charges
trail (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to drag along (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); for watercraft
to draw (‫ على هـ‬s.th. on s.o.), bring (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ مَجرور‬majrūr drawn, dragged, towed,
down (‫ على‬upon s.o.); to lead (‫ الى‬to), etc.; word governed by a preposition,
bring on, cause (‫ الى‬s.th.); to entail (‫ هـ‬e.g., word in the genitive form; (pl. ‫مَجارير‬
some evil, ‫ على‬for s.o.); (gram.) to magārir2) drain, sewer (eg.); ‫مَجارير‬
pronounce the final consonant with i, put sewers, sewage system (eg.)
(a word) into tho genitive│‫جر جريرة‬
(jarīratan) to commit an outrage, a crime ( ‫ مَجتر‬mujtarr ruminant (adj. and n.)
‫ على‬against s.o.); ‫( جر قيودا‬quyūdan) to be ‫ جرؤ‬jaru’a u (‫ جرأة‬jur’a, ‫ جراءة‬jarā’a) to dare,
in shackles, go shackled; ‫جر النار الى قرصه‬ venture, risk, hazard (‫ على‬s.th.), take the
(qurṣihī) to secure advantages for o.s., risk (‫ على‬of, ‫ ان‬of doing s.th.), have the
feather one’s nest; ‫لَ يجر لسانه بكلمة‬ 117 courage (‫ على‬for s.th.) II to encourage
(lisānahū bi-kalima) he won’t let a word (‫ على ه‬s.o. to s.th.) V to dare, venture, risk.
escape his lips IV to ruminate VII passive hazard (‫ على‬s.th.) VIII to be venturesome,
of I; to be driven; to be swept along, drift, be daring; to become bold, make bold (‫على‬
float│ ‫( انجر الى الوراء‬warā’i) to withdraw, with s.o.); to venture (‫ على‬s.th. or upon
fall back, give way VIII to ruminate│ ‫اجتر‬ s.th.), have the audacity (‫ على‬to do s.th.)
‫( آلَمَه‬ālāmahū) to mull over one’s grief
‫ جرئ‬jarī’ pl. ‫ اجرياء‬ajriyā’2 bold,
‫ جر‬jarr pull(ing), drawing, draft.; courageous (‫ على‬,‫ ب‬in s.th.); forward,
traction, drag(ging), tugging, towage, immodest, insolent; daring, reckless, fool-
hauling; bringing on, causing; genitive│ bardy
‫ حرف الجر‬ḥarf al-j. (gram.) preposition;
‫ وهلم جرا‬wa-halumma jarran and so forth ‫ جرأة‬jur’a and ‫ جراءة‬jarā’a courage,
boldness, daring; forwardness, insolence
‫ جرة‬jarra pl. ‫ جرار‬jirār (earthenware) jar
‫ مَجترئ‬mujtari’ bold, forward
‫ جرة‬jarra, jurra trail, track; rut (left by a
wagon)│ ‫ بجرة قلم‬bi-j. qalam with one ‫( جراج‬Fr.) garāž pl. -āt garage (eg.)
stroke of the pen ‫ جرام‬grām gram (eg.)
‫ جرة‬jirra cud (of a ruminant) ‫ جرانيت‬granīt granite (eg.)
‫ جرانيتى‬granītī granitic (eg.) ‫ جربوع‬jarbū‘ (= ‫ )يربوع‬pl. ‫ جرابيع‬jarābī‘2 jerboa
(zool.)
2 ‫ جربندية‬jarabandīya (and ‫ )جرابندية‬knapsack,
‫ جرب‬jariba a (jarab) to be mangy; (eg.) to
rucksack
fade (color) II to test (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to try, try
out, essay (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to sample (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ جرثوم‬jurtūm, ‫ جرثومَة‬jurtūma pl. ‫ جراثيم‬jarātīm2
rehearse, practice (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to attempt (‫هـ‬ root; origin; germ; microbe, bacillus,
s.th.); to put to the test, try, tempt (‫هـ‬ bacterium│ ‫ تحت الجرثوم‬taḥt al-j.
s.o.)│ ‫ جرب نفسه فى‬to try one’s hand at; ‫جر‬ inframicrobe
‫( ب الَيام‬ayyāma) to gather experience ‫ جراج‬look up alphabetically
‫ جرب‬jarab mange; itch, scabies ‫ جرجر‬jarjara (‫ جرجرة‬jarjara) to gargle; to jerk
‫ جرب‬jarib mangy; scabby or pull back and forth; to trail, drag (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to tow away (‫ هـ‬s.th.)│ ‫جرجر خطاه‬
‫ اجرب‬ajrab2, f. ‫ جرباء‬jarbā’2, pl. ‫جرب‬
(ḳuṯāhū) to drag one’s feet, shuffle along
jurb and ‫ جربان‬jarbān2 mangy; scabby
II tajarjara pass. and refl. of I
‫ جراب‬jirāb pl. ‫ اجربة‬ajriba, ‫جرب‬jurub
‫ جرجرة‬jarara gargling; rombling noise;
sack, bag, traveling bag; knapsack;
rumble, clatter (of a wagon)
scrotum; covering, case; sheath, scabbard
(for the sword) ‫ جرجر‬jirjir (large, thick) beans
‫ جراب‬jurāb pl. -āt stocking, sock ‫ جرجير‬jirjīr watercress (eg., syr.) 118
‫ جريب‬jarīb a patch of arable land ‫ جرح‬jaraḥa a (jarḥ to wound (‫ ه‬s.o.); to injure,
2 hurt (‫ ه‬s.o.; also fig., the feelings) II to
‫ تجربة‬tajriba pl. ‫ تجارب‬tajārib trial, test;
invalidate (‫ هـ‬teatimony), challenge,
tryout; attempt; practice, rehearsal;
declare unreliahle (‫ ه‬a witness), take
scientific test, experiment; probation; trial,
formal exception (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬to) VIII to commit (
tribulation; temptation; experience,
‫ هـ‬an outrage, a crime)│ ‫اجترح السيآت‬
practice; proof sheet, galley proof, also
(sayyi’āt) to do evil things
‫( تجربة مَطبعية‬maṯba‘īya)
‫ جرح‬jurḥ pl. ‫ جراح‬jirāḥ, ‫ جروح‬jurūḥ, ‫جرو‬
‫ تجريب‬tajrīb trial, test(ing); trial,
‫ حات‬jurūḥāt, ‫ اجراح‬ajrāḥ wound, injury,
tribulation; temptation
lesion
‫ تجريبى‬tajrībī trial, test (adj.);
‫ جراح‬jarrāḥ pl. -ūn surgeon│‫جراح الَسنان‬
experimental; based on experience,
dental surgeon
empirical│‫‘( علم النفس التجريبى‬ilm an-nafs)
experimental psychology ‫ جراحة‬jirāḥa surgery
O ‫ تجريبية‬tajrībīya empiricism (philos.) ‫ جراحى‬jirāḥī surgical│ ‫عملية جراحية‬
(‘amalīya) surgical operation
‫ مَجرب‬mujarrib experimental; tester;
examiner; tempter ‫ جريح‬jarīḥ pl. ‫ جرحى‬jarḥā wounded,
injured, hurt
‫ مَجرب‬mujarrab tried, tested; proven or
establisbed by experience, time-tested, ‫ تجريح‬tajrīḥ surgery; defamation,
time-tried; experienced, practiced, disparagement
seasoned; man of experience ‫ جارح‬jarīḥ injuring; wounding, stinging,
2
‫ جورب‬look up alphabeticaUy painful, hurting; rapacious (beast),
predatory
‫ جربذة‬jarbada = ‫جربزة‬
‫ جارحة‬jāriḥa pl. ‫ جوارح‬jawāriḥ2
‫ جربز‬jurbuz pl. ‫ جرابزة‬jarābiza impostor,
predatory animal or bird│ ‫ جوارح الطير‬j.
confidence man, swindler
aṯ-ṯair predatory birds
‫ جربزة‬jarbaza (also ‫ )جربذة‬deception,
‫ جوارح‬jawāriḥ2 limbes, extremities (of
swindle
the hody)│ ‫ بكل جوارحه‬with might and
main, with all his strength
‫ مَجروح‬majrūḥ pl. ‫ مَجاريح‬majārīḥ2 ‫ مَجرد‬mijrad pl. ‫ مَجارد‬majārid2 scraper
wounded, injured, hurt ‫ تجريد‬tajrīd peeling. paring;
‫ جرد‬jarada u (jard) to peel, pare (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to disrobement, stripping; denudation;
remove the shell, peel, rind or husk (‫ هـ‬of deprivation; divestment; disarmament;
s.th.); to denude, diveet, strip, bare (‫هـ‬ dispatching (of troops); freeing; isolation;
s.th.); (com.) to take stock; to make an abstraction│‫ تجريد مَن السلح‬disarmament
inventory (‫ البضائع‬of goods on hand) II to 119
peel, pare (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to remove the shell, ‫ تجريدة‬tajrīda pl. -āt ‫ تجاريد‬tajārīd2
peel, rind or husk (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to denude, military detachment, expeditionary force
divest, strip, dispossess, deprive (‫ مَن هـ‬or ‫ه‬
s.o. or s.th. of); to withhold (‫ مَن ه‬from s.o. ‫ تجرد‬tajarrud freedom (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬from);
s.th.); to draw, unsheathe (‫ السيف‬the isolatedness, isolation; independence,
sword); to unleash (‫ على هـ‬s.th. against impartiality; absoluteness; abstractness,
s.o.); to send, dispatch (‫ هـ‬a military abstraction
detachment, troops, ‫ ضد‬or ‫ على‬against ‫ مَجرد‬mujarrad denuded, bare, naked;
s.o.); to free (‫ مَن هـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. from); freed, free (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬from); pure, mere,
to isolate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to abstract (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to nothing more than; sole; very, absolute;
divest (‫ مَن‬ss.o. of his citizenship, of a abstract; selfless, disinterested; 1st stem of
rank, of a vested right, etc.)│ ‫جرده مَن‬ tbe verb (gram.)│with foll. noun in
‫ السلح‬to disarm s.o.; ‫ جرد نفسه مَن‬to free o.s. genitive = mere, sheer, nothing but:) ‫مَجرد‬
from, rid o.s. of, give up s.th. V pass. of II; ‫ لهو‬mujarradu lahwin mere play, just fun;
to strip o.s., rid o.s., get rid (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬of), ‫ بالعين المجردة‬with the naked eye; ‫بمجرد مَا‬
free o.s. (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬from); to be free (‫ مَن‬or bi-mujarradi mā as soon as, at the very
‫ عن‬from, ‫ ل‬for a task); to devote o.s. moment when
exclusively (‫ ل‬to s.th.); to give up,
renounce (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.); to isolate o.s. ; ‫ جردل‬jardal pl. ‫ جرادل‬jaradil2 bucket, pail
to be absolute ‫ جرذ‬jurad pl. ‫ جرذان‬jirdān, jurdān large rat
‫ جرد‬jard bare, threadbare, shabby, worn; ‫ جرذون‬jirdaun pl. ‫ جراذين‬jarādīn2 large
(com.) inventory; stocktaking rat
‫ جريد‬jarīd without vegetation, barren, 1
‫ جرس‬jarasa i (jars) to ring, toll, knell,
bleak, stark (landscape) (re)sound II to make experienced, inure by
‫ اجراد‬ajrād2, f. ‫ جرداء‬jardā’2, pl. ‫ جرد‬jurd severe trials, sorely try (‫ ه‬s.o.; time,
desolate, bleak, without vegetation; events); to compromise, disgrace,
hairless, bald; threadbare shabby, worn discredit, expose, bring into dierepute (‫ب‬
(garment); open, unprotected (border) s.o.)
‫ جراد‬jarād (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬locust(s)│ ‫جراد‬ ‫ جرس‬jars, jirs sound, tone
‫( الرحال‬raḥḥāl) migratory locust(s); ‫جراد‬ ‫ جرس‬jaras pl. ‫ اجراس‬ajrās bell
‫ البحر‬j. al-baḥr langouste, sea cray-fish; ‫بج‬
‫ رادها‬bi-jarādihā in its entirety ‫ جرسة‬jursa defamation, public exposure;
scandal, disgrac
‫ جريد‬jarīd palm branches stripped of 2
their leaves; jeered, a blunt javelin used in ‫ جرساية‬jirsāya, ‫ جرسية‬jirsīya pl. -āt jersey,
equestrian games woolen sweater; ‫ جرسى‬jersey cloth

‫ جريدة‬jarīda pl. ‫ جرائد‬jarā’id2 (n. un. of ‫ جرش‬jaraša u (jarš) to crush (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to grate,
‫ )جريد‬palm-leaf stalk; list, register, roster, bruise, grind (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
index; newspaper│‫( جريدة يومَية‬yaumīya) ‫ جرش‬jarš a grating, scraping noise
daily newspaper; ‫ جرائد المساء‬j. al-masā’
‫ جريش‬jarīš crushed, bruised, coarsely
the evening papers; ‫ الجريدة الناطقة‬and ‫الجريدة‬
ground; crushed grain; grits
‫ السينمائية‬tho newsreel
‫ جاروشة‬jārūša pl. ‫ جوارش‬jawarīš2 quern,
‫ اجرودى‬ajrūdī (syr.) beardless, hairless
hand mill (for grinding grain)
‫ جرض‬jaraḍa a (jaraḍ): ‫( جرض بريقه‬bi-rīqihī) ‫ الى‬against s.o.), injure, harm, wrong (‫على‬
he choked on his saliva, could not or ‫ الى‬s.o.) II to incriminate, charge with a
swallow his saliva (because of excitement, crime (‫ ه‬s.o.; syr.) IV to commit a crime, to
alarm, or grief), he was very upset, in a sin (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬against s.o.), do wrong (‫على‬
atate of great agitation, deeply moved; -- or ‫ الى‬to s.o.), harm, wrong (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬s.o.)
jaraḍa u (jarḍ) to choke, sulfocate (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII = IV
IV ‫( اجرضه بريقه‬cf. I) to alarm s.o., fill s.o. ‫ جرم‬garm pl. ‫ جروم‬gurūm (eg.) long, flat-
with apprehension bottomed sarge, lighter (naut.)
‫ جريض‬jarīḍ: ‫ حال الجريض دون القريض‬ḥāla ‫ جرم‬jirm pl. ‫ اجرام‬ajrām, ‫ جرم‬jurum body;
l.j. dūna l-qarīḍ (proverb; lit.: choking mass, sulk, volume (of a body)│ ‫الَجرام‬
prevented poetry, i.e.) in the face of death ‫( الفلكية‬falakīya) the celestial bodies
one does not think of rhyming (among
other interpretations) ‫ جرم‬iunn pl. ‫ اجرام‬ajrām, ‫ جروم‬jurūm
offense, crime, sin
‫ جرع‬jara‘a a (jar‘) and jari‘a a (jara‘) to
swallow, gulp, devour (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pour ‫ لَ جرم‬lā jarama surely, certainly, of
down, toss down (‫ هـ‬a drink) II to make (‫ه‬ course
s.o.) swallow (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to gulp down V to ‫ جريم‬jarīm hulking, bulky, huge,
drink (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII to swallow, gulp down voluminous, of great size
(‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ جريمة‬jarīma pl. ‫ جرائم‬jarā’im2 crime;
‫ جرعة‬jur‘a, jar‘a pl. ‫ جرع‬jura‘, -āt gulp, offense; sin│( ‫عظمى‬or) ‫جريمة كبرى‬
mouthful, draught; potion, dose (med.) (kubrā, uẓma) capital offense; ‫قانون الجرائم‬
‫ جرف‬jarafa u (jarf) and VIII to sweep away (‫هـ‬ penal code
s.th.); to wash away (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to shovel ‫ اجرام‬ijrām crime; culpability,
away (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to remove (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tear delinquency
away, carry off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to carry along (‫هـ‬
or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th.) VII to be swept away, be ‫ اجرامَى‬ijrāmī criminal
carried away ‫ لحم مَجروم‬laḥm majrūm fillet (meat)
‫ جرف‬jurf, juruf pl. ‫ جروف‬jurūf, ‫اجراف‬ ‫ سنة مَجرمَة‬sana mujarrama an entire year
ajrāf undercut bank or shore; clilf, steep
slope, precipice; bluff (along a river or ‫ مَجرم‬mujrim criminal; (pl. -ūn) a
coast)│ ‫( جرف جليدي‬jalīdī) avalanche criminal; evildoer, culprit, delinquent│‫مَجر‬
‫ م عائد‬recidivous criminal
‫ جرافة‬jarrāfa pl. -āt, ‫ جراريف‬jarārīf 2
rake; harrow ‫ جرامَز‬jarāmiz2 and ‫ جرامَيز‬jarāmīz2
limbs, legs│ ‫( ضم جرامَيزه‬ḍamma) he beat
‫ مَجرف‬majraf pl. ‫ مَجارف‬majārif2 it, he made off
torrent, .trong current
‫ الجرمَان‬al-jarmān the Germanic tribes, the
‫ مَجرفة‬mijrafa shovel, scoop; (syr.) Teutons
mattock; trowel
‫ جرمَانى‬jarmānī Germanic, Teutonic
‫ مَجراف‬mijrāf pl. ‫ مَجارف‬majārīf2 shovel, 1
scoop ‫ جرن‬jurn pl. ‫ اجران‬ajrān (stone) basin; mortar;
(eg.) threshing floor, barn│ ‫ جرن المعمودية‬j.
‫ جارف‬jārif torrential (stream, mountain al-ma‘mūdīya baptismal font
creek); stormy, violent (emotions, 2
passions) 120 ‫ جران‬jirān the front part of a camel’s neck│
‫ ضرب بجرانه‬to become established, take
‫ الجركس‬al-jarkas the Circassians root; ‫( القى عليه جرانه‬alqā, jirānahū) to
‫ جركسى‬jarkasī pl. ‫ جراكسة‬jarākisa apply o.s. to s.th. and adjust to it,
circassian (adj. and n.) accustom o.s. to s.th.
‫ جرم‬jarama i (jarm) to sone (‫ الحم‬al-laḥma the ‫ جرنال‬jurnāl (eg. also gurnāl) pl. ‫ جرانيل‬žarānīl2
meat); -- to commit an offense, a crime, an (eg., garānīl2) journal, newspaper,
outrage (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬against s.o.), sin (‫ على‬or periodical
‫ جرانيت‬granīt granite motion (‫ هـ‬a project), launch (‫ هـ‬an
undertaking); to channel (‫ على‬or ‫ ل هـ‬s.th.
‫ جرانيتى‬grānītī granitic
to), bestow, settle (‫ على‬or ‫ ل هـ‬s.th. upon
‫ جرو‬jarw (jirw, jurw) pl. ‫ اجر‬ajrin, ‫ جراء‬jirā’, ‫اج‬ s.o.); to impose, inflict (‫ على هـ‬s.th., a
‫ راء‬ajrā’, ‫ اجرية‬ajriya puppy, whelp, cub penalty, on s.o.)│ ‫( اجرى تجربة‬tajribatan)
(of a dog or beast of prey) to carry out an experiment; ‫ اجرى تحقيقا‬to
‫ جروسة‬grōsa gross (= 12 dozen) conduct an investigation; ‫اجرى له اعانة‬
(i‘ānatan) to grant s.o. a subsidy; ‫اجراه‬
‫ جرى‬jarā i (jary) to flow, stream (water); to ‫( مَجرى‬majrā, with foll. genitive) to treat
run; to hurry, rush; to slow (wind); to take s.th. in the same manner as, put s.th. on
place, come to pass, happen, occur; to be equal footing with
under way, be in progress, be going on
(work); to befall (‫ ل‬s.o.), happen (‫ ل‬to); to ‫ جرى‬jary course│‫ جريا على‬jaryan ‘alā in
be in circulation, circulate, be current; to accordance with, according to
wend one’s way (‫ الى‬to), head (‫ على‬for); to ‫ جراك‬min jarāka and min jarā’ika
proceed (‫ على‬in accordance with); to because of you, on your account, for your
follow (‫ مَع‬s.th.), yield, give way (‫ مَع‬to, sake
e.g., to a desire); to entail (‫ ب‬s.th.); (with
‫ جراء‬jarrā’ runner, racer
‫ )وراء‬to run or be after s.th., seek to get
s.th.│ ‫جرى له حديث مَع‬he had a talk with; ‫ جراية‬jirāya pl. -āt daily (food) rations;
‫( جرى مَجراه‬majrāhū) to take the same pay, salary│‫‘ عيش جراية‬ēš girāya (eg.)
course as, be analogous to, follow the coarse bread
same way as, proceed or act in the same ‫ جريان‬jarayāan flow, flux; course;
manner as; ‫( جرى مَنه الشيء مَجرى الدم‬minhu stream
š-šai’u majrā d-dam) it had become
second nature to him; ‫جرى على الالسن‬ ‫ مَجرى‬majra.. pl. ‫ مَجار‬majārin
(alsun) to circulate, make the rounds watercourse, stream, rivulet, gully; torrent
(rumor); 121 ‫ جرى على كل لسان‬to be on or flood of water; pipeline; canal, channel;
everyone’s lip; ‫( جرى على قلمه‬qalamihī) to drain, sewer, pl. sewers, sewage system;
come to s.o.’s pen (e.g, a poem); ‫جرى على‬ power line (el.); current (el.); current (of a
‫( خطة‬ḳiṯṯa) to follow a plan; ‫مَا يجرى عليه‬ stream); guide rail (tech.); course (of
‫‘( العمل‬amalu) the way things are handled, events), progress, passage│‫ مَجرى البول‬m.
what is customary practice; ‫ جرى به العمل‬to l-baul urethra (anat.); ‫ مَجارى التنفس‬m. t-
be in force, be valid, be commonly tanaffus respiratory tract (anat.); ‫مَجرى‬
observed (law, custom); ‫ جرت العادة ب‬to be ‫ الهواء‬m. l-hawā’ air stream, current of air,
customary, be common practice, be a draft; ‫ اخذ مَجراه‬to take its course; See also
common phenomenon, have gained ‫ جرى‬I and IV
vogue; ‫ جرى بالعادة على‬to do s.th. ‫ مَاجريات‬mājarayāt, mājariyāt (pl. of ‫مَا‬
customarily, se in the habit of doing s.th.; ‫( )جرى‬course of) events, happenings
‫ جرت بذلك عادتهم‬that was their habit II to
cause to run│‫( جرى ريقه‬rīqahū) to make ‫ مَجاراة‬mujārāh keeping up (with foll.
s.o.’s mouth water III to concur, agree, be genitive: with); conformity (with foll.
in agreement (‫ ه‬with s.o., ‫ فى‬in s.th.); to genitive: with)│ ‫ مَجاراة ل‬mujārātan li in
keep pace, keep up (‫ ه‬with s.o.; also conformity with, in accordance with,
intellectually); to be able to follow (‫ ه‬s.o.); according to
to go (along) (‫ هـ‬with); to adapt o.s. adjust, ‫ اجراء‬ijrā’ pl. -āt performance (of an
conform (‫ هـ‬to), be guided (‫ هـ‬by) IV to action); execution; enforcement; pl.
cause to flow, make flow (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to measures, steps, proceedings│ ‫اتخذ اجراءات‬
cause to run, set running (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); (ittaḳada) to take measures; ‫اجراءات قانونية‬
to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) take place or happen, (qānūnīya) legal step, proceedings at law
bring about (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to carry out, execute,
enforce, put into effect, apply (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ جار‬jārin flowing, streaming, running;
e.g., rules, regulations); to carry out, circulating; current, present│ ‫الشهر الجارى‬
perform (‫ هـ‬an action); to Set going, set in (šahr) the current month
‫ جارية‬jāriya pl. –āt, ‫ جوار‬jawārin girl; ‫ جزر‬jazara u (jazr) to slaughter; to kill,
slave girl; maid, servant; ship, vessel butcher (‫ هـ‬an animal); -- i u (jazr) to sink,
fall, drop, ebb (water)
‫ جز‬jazza u (jazz) to cut off, clip (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
shear, shear off (‫ هـ‬s.th.; esp. the wool of ‫ جزر‬jazr slaughter; butchering; ebb (of
sheep) the sea)
‫ جزة‬jizza pl. ‫ جزز‬jizaz, ‫ جزائز‬jazā’iz2 ‫ جزرة‬jazra blood sacrifice
shorn wool, fleece, slip ‫ جزور‬jazūr pl. ‫ جزر‬juzur slaughter camel
‫ جزازة‬juzāza pl. -āt slip of paper; label, ‫ جزار‬jazzār pl. ‫ة‬, -ūn butcher
tag
‫ جزيرة‬jazīra pl. ‫ جزائر‬jazā’ir2, ‫ جزر‬juzur
‫ جزاز‬jazzāz pl. –ūn shearer, woolshearer island│ ‫ شبه جزيرة‬šibhu j. peninsula; ‫الجزيرة‬
‫ مَجز‬mijazz woolshears 122 Al Jazira, (Northwest) Mesopotemia; ‫الجزائ‬
‫ ر‬Algeria; Algiers; ‫ جزيرة العرب‬j. al-‘arab
‫ جزأ‬jaza’a a and VIII to be content, content
Arabia, the Arabian Peninsula; ‫الجزائر‬
o.s. (‫ ب‬with) II to divide, part, separate,
‫( الخالدات‬ḳālidāt) the Canary Islands; ‫الجزيرة‬
break up, cut up, partition (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to
‫( الخضراء‬ḳaḍrā’) Algeciras (seaport in SW
divide, break up, be or become divided; to
Spain)
be separated, be detached, be partitioned
off; to be divisible, separable (‫ عن‬from) ‫ جزرى‬jazarī insular; (pl. -ūn) islander
‫ جزء‬juz’ pl. ‫ اجزاء‬ajzā’ part, portion; ‫ جزائرى‬jazā’rī pl. -ūn Algerian (adj. and
constituent, component; fraction; division; n.); islander
section; the 30th part of the Koran (= 2 ‫ مَجزر‬majzar pl. ‫ مَجازر‬majāzir2
ḥizb) slaughterhouse, abattoir; butchery
‫ جزئى‬juz’ī partial; minor, trivial, ‫ مَجزرة‬majzara pl. ‫ مَجازر‬majāzir2
insignificant, unimportant; (jur.) minor, butchery; massacre, carnage
petty; ‫ جزئيا‬juz’īyan partly; ‫ جزئيات‬juz’īyāt
2
details, particulars; trivialities; subordinate ‫جزر‬jazar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬carrot(s)
partly; divisions, sections (e.g., of a court ‫ جزع‬jazi‘a a (jaza‘, ‫ جزع‬juzū‘) to be or become
of justice)│ ‫( مَواد جزئية‬mawādd) petty anxious, worried, concerned; to be sad,
cases (jur.); ‫( جنح جزئية‬junaḥ) summary unhappy (‫ مَن‬about); to feel regret (‫ على‬for
delicts (jur.); ‫ مَحاكم جزئية‬courts of s.o.), pity (‫ على‬s.o.); to mourn (j. for s.o.)
summary justice; ‫( نيابة جزئية‬niyāba) V to break apart, break, snap
parquet of a summary court; ‫حادثة جزئية‬
minor incident; ‫( تسوية جزئية‬taswiya) part ‫ جزع‬jaz‘ onyx
payment; ‫( الجزئيات والكليات‬kullīyāt) the ‫ جزع‬juz’ axle; shaft (techn.)
particular and general aspects, the minor
and the major issues ‫ جزع‬jaza‘ anxiety, uneasiness,
apprehension, concern; anguish, fear;
‫ جزيء‬juzai’ pl. -āt molecule sadness
‫ اجزائى‬ajzā’ī pl. -ūn pharmacist, druggist ‫ جزع‬jazi‘ restless, impatient; anxious,
‫ اجزاجى‬ajzājī pl. -īya pharmacist, worried, uneasy, apprehensive
druggist ‫ جزع‬jazū‘ and ‫ جازع‬jāzi‘ restless;
‫ اجزائية‬ajzā’īya and ‫ اجزاخانة‬ajzāḳāna pl. impatient; anxious, worried, uneasy,
-āt pharmacy, drugstore apprehensive
‫ تجزئة‬tajzi’a division; partition; ‫ مَجزع‬mujazza‘ marbled, veined;
separation; dissociation; breakdown (into variegated, dappled 123
classes, categories, etc.); fragmentation│ ‫ جزف‬III to act at random, blindly,
‫ قابل للتجزئة‬divisisle; ‫ قابلية التجزئة‬divisibility; Indiscriminately, take a chance; to
‫ تاجر التجزئة‬retailer, retail merchant speculate (fin.); to speak vaguely, in
‫ جزدان‬juzdān, jidān pl. -āt wallet; change purse general terms; to risk, stake (‫ ب‬s.th.)│ ‫جاز‬
‫ ف بنفسه‬to risk one’s life; ‫ جازف به فى‬to (pl. ‫ جوازم‬jawāzim2) governing the
plunge s.o. into (some adventure) apocopate form (gram.)
‫ جزاف‬juzāf purchase of a certain amount ‫ مَجزوم‬majzūm cut off. cut short, clipped;
of things (Isl. Law); ‫ جزافا‬juzāfan at decided. settled; (gram.) vowelless (final
random, haphazardly consonant); in the apocopate form
‫ مَجازفة‬mujāzafa rashness, recklessness, ‫ مَنجزم‬munjazim (gram.) in the apocopate
foolhardiness; risk, hazard; adventure, form
venture 2
‫ جزمَة‬jazma pl. –āt, ‫ جزم‬jizam (pair of) shoes
‫ مَجازف‬mujāzif rash, reckless, foolhardy; (pair of) boots│ ‫( جزمَة برباط‬bi-ribāṯ) laced
adventurous; venturesome soots; ‫( جزمَة لماعة‬lammā‘a) patent-leather
2 shoes
‫ جزل‬jazūla u to be considerable, abundant,
plentiful IV ‫‘( اجزل له العطاء‬aṯā’) to give ‫ جزمَجى‬gazmagī (eg.) and ‫جزمَاتى‬
generously, openhandedly, liberally to s.o. gizamātī (eg.), jazmātī (syr.) pl. -īya
VIII to write shorthand shoemaker
‫ جزل‬jazl and ‫ جزيل‬jazīl pl. ‫ جزال‬jizāl ‫ جزى‬jazā i (‫ جزاء‬iazii') to requite, recompense (
abundant, plentiful, ample, much; pure, ‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬for), repay (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ب‬or
lucid, eloquent (style)│ ‫ جزل الرأي‬of ‫ على‬s.th.); to reward (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬for);
sound, unerring judgment; ‫شكره شكرا جزيلا‬ to punish (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬for); to satisfy (‫ه‬
šakarahū šukran jazīlan he thanked him s.o.), give satisfaction (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
profusely; ‫ شكرا جزيل‬many thanks! compensate, make up (‫ ب هـ‬for s.th. with
or by); to compensate, offset (‫ عن‬s.th.)│
‫ جزل‬jizla piece, slice
‫( جزاك ا خيرا‬ḳairan) may God bless you
‫ جزالة‬jazāla profusion, abundance; for it!; ‫( جزاه جزاء سنمار‬jazā’a sinimmāra)
(rhet.) purity (of style) he returned to him good for evil III to
‫ مَجتزل‬mujtazil stenographer repay, requite (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with, ‫ ب ه‬s.o. for),
1
recompense (‫ ب ه‬s.o. for); to reward (‫على‬
‫ جوزل‬look up alphabetically or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. for); to punish (‫ على‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o.
2
‫جزلَن‬juzlān = ‫جزدان‬ for)│ ‫( جزاهم خيرا‬ḳairan) he invoked God’s
1
reward upon them IV to suffice (‫ ه‬s.o.), do
‫ جزم‬jawma i (jazm) to cut off, cut short, clip ( for s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to take the place, serve instead
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to judge; to decide. Settle (‫هـ‬ (‫ عن‬of), replace (‫ عن‬s.th.)
s.th.); to be positive (‫ ب‬about), be
absolutely certain (‫ ب‬of s.th.); to assert ‫ جزاء‬jazā’ requital, repayment;
authoritatively (‫ ب‬s.th.); to make up one's recompense, return; compensation, setoff;
mind, decide, resolve (‫ على‬to do s.th.); to 124 amends, reparation; punishment,
impose, make incumbent (‫ على هـ‬s.th. on penalty│ ‫( جزاء نقدي‬naqdī) fine
s.o.); (gram.) to pronounce the final ‫ جزائى‬jazā’ī penal
consonant (of a word) without a vowel; to
put (‫ هـ‬a verb) into the apocopate form or ‫ جزية‬jizya pl. ‫ جزى‬jizan, ‫ جزاء‬jizā’ tax;
the imperative tribute; head tax on free non-Muslims
under Muslim rule
‫ جزم‬jazm cutting off, clipping; decision;
resolution, resolve; apodictic judgment; ‫ تجزية‬tajziya reward
(gram.) apocopate form│ ‫علمَة الجزم‬ ‫ مَجازاة‬mujāzāh requital, repayment;
‘alāmat al-j. = jazma punishment
‫ جزمَة‬jazma diacritical mark (o) ‫ جس‬jassa u (jass, ‫ مَجسة‬majassa) to touch, feel,
indicating vowellessness of a final handle (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to palpate, examine by
consonant touch (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to test, sound, probe (‫هـ‬
‫ جازم‬jāzim decisive; peremptory, s.th.); to try to gain information (‫ هـ‬about),
definite, definitive, final; firmly try to find out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to spy out (‫هـ‬
convinced, absolutely certain (‫ ب‬of s.th.); s.th.)│ ‫( جس نبضه‬nabḍahū) to feel s.o.’s
pulse, (fig.) ‫ جس نبض الشيء‬to probe, sound
out, try to find out s.th. V to try to gain s.th.) VI to dare, venture, risk (‫ على‬s.th.),
information (‫ هـ‬about), try to find out (‫هـ‬ have the audacity (‫ على‬to do s.th.); to be
s.th.); to reconnoiter, scout, explore (‫هـ‬ sold, forward, insolent, impudent (‫على‬
s.th.); to be a spy, engage in espionage; to with s.o.) VIII to span, cross, traverse (‫هـ‬
spy, pry, snoop (‫ على‬on s.o.)│ ‫تجسس له‬ s.th.)
‫( اخبارا‬aḳbāran) to gather information for ‫ جسر‬jisr pl. ‫ اجسر‬ajsur, ‫ جسور‬jusūr
s.o., spy for s.o. VIII to touch, feel, handle bridge; dam, dike, embankment, levee; --
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to spy out (‫ هـ‬s.th.) (pl. ‫ جسورة‬jusūra) beam, girder; axle,
‫ جس‬jass: ‫ طرى الجس‬ṯarīy al-j. delicate to axletree│ ‫( جسر مَتحرك‬muḥarrik) movable
the touch, having a tender surface, fresh bridge; ‫( جسر مَعلق‬mu‘allaq) suspension
bridge; ‫ جسر عائم‬pontoon bridge, floating
‫ جاسوس‬jāsūs pl. ‫ جواسيس‬jawāsīs2 spy
bridge
‫ جاسوسة‬jāsūsa woman spy
‫ جسور‬jasār sold, daring; forward,
‫ جاسوسى‬jāsūsī of espionage, spy- (in insolent, impudent
compounds)
‫ جسارة‬jasāra boldness, recklessness,
‫ جاسوسية‬jāsūsīya spying, espionage intrepidity; forwardness, insolence
‫ جوسسة‬jausasa spying, espionage ‫ تجاسر‬tajāsur boldness, recklessness,
‫ مَجس‬majass spot which one touches or intrepidity; forwardness, insolence
feels; sense of touch│ ‫ خشن المجس‬ḳašin al- ‫ مَتجاسر‬mutajāsir bold, daring; forward,
m. coarse to the touch, having a rough insolent, impudent 125
surface
‫ جسطن‬see ‫جصطن‬
‫ مَجس‬mijass probe (med.)
‫ جسم‬jasuma u (‫ جسامَة‬jasāma) to be great. Big,
‫ تجسس‬tajassus spying, espionage large. bulky. huge. immense II to make
‫ جاسئ‬jāsi’ hard, rough, rugged corporeal. invest with a body (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
give (‫ هـ‬s.th.) shape or form; to materialize
‫ جسد‬II to make corporeal, invest with a body, (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cause to stand out. bring out (
embody, incarnate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), give concrete ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to enlarge, magnify (‫ هـ‬s.th.; e.g.,
form (‫ هـ‬to s.th.); to render or represent in microscope); to make big, bulky, huge (‫هـ‬
corporeal form (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to become s.th.); to play up, exaggerate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to
corporeal, assume concrete form, become corporeal, become embodied; to
materialize; to become incarnate (Chr.); to materialize; to assume a form, take shape,
become three-dimensional become tangible or concrete; to be
‫ جسد‬jasad pl. ‫ اجساد‬ajsād body│ ‫عيد الجسد‬ materialized; to become big, large, huge,
‘īd al-j. and ‫ خميس الجسد‬Corpus Christi Day increase in volume, grow in size
(Chr.) ‫ جسم‬pl. ‫ اجسام‬ajsām, ‫ جسوم‬jusūm body
‫ جسدى‬jasadī bodily, fleshly, carnal (also O of an automobile); substance,
matter; mass; form, shape
‫ جسدانى‬jusdānī bodily
‫ جسمى‬iiaa1 bodily, physical; substantial,
‫ تجسد‬taia.snul materialization; incar· material
nation (OM.) ‫ جسيم‬jasīm pl. ‫ جسام‬great, big, large;
‫ مَجسد‬mujassad embodied, corporified voluminous, bulky, huge; vast, immense;
stout, corpulent; weighty, most significant,
‫ مَتجسد‬mutajassid corporeal; incarnate
momentous, prodigious
(Chr)
‫ جسيم‬jusaim pl. -āt particle (phys.);
‫ جسر‬jasara u to span, cross, traverse (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
corpuscle (biol.)
(‫ جسارة‬jasāra, ‫ جسور‬jusūr) to venture, risk
(‫ على‬s.th.), have the courage (‫ على‬to do ‫ اجسم‬ajsam2 more voluminous, larger;
s.th.) II to build a dam or dike; to stouter, more corpulent
embolden, encourage (‫ هـ‬s.o., ‫ على‬to do
‫ جسم‬jasāma size, volume; stoutness, ‫ جصطن‬II tajaṣṯana to lounge, stretch lazily, loll
corpulence ‫ جعة‬ji‘a beer
‫ جسمان‬jusmān body, mass ‫ جعب‬II to corrugate (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ جسمانى‬jusmānī bodily, physical. ‫ جعبة‬ja‘ba pl. ‫ جعاب‬ji‘āb quiver; tube, pipe; gun
Corporal│‫ التأديب الجسمانى‬corporal barrel; o cartridge pouch (Syr.)│ ‫جعبة اخبار‬
punishment j. aḳbār town gossip (person) 126
‫ تجسيم‬tajsīm embodiment; relief; ‫ جعجع‬ja‘ja‘a (‫ جعجع‬ja‘ja‘a) to clamor, roar,
enlargement, magnification, magnifying shout; to clatter, clap; to bluster, explode
power in anger
‫ جسم‬mujassam bodily, corporeal; (math.) ‫ جعجعة‬ja‘ja‘a hubbub, rumpus, clamor,
body; three-dimensional; tangible, roar; creak, clapping noise (of a mill
material, concrete; raised, relieflike, wheel); bluster
standing out in relief (e.g., ‫خريطة مَجسمة‬
relief map); relief; enlarged. Magnified│ ‫ جعجاع‬ja‘jā‘ clamorous, boisterous,
‫( فلم مَجسم‬film) three-dimensional noisy; bawler, loud-mouthed person
(stereoscopic) film, 3-D motion picture ‫ جعد‬ja‘uda a (‫ جعودة‬ju‘ūda, ‫ جعادة‬ja‘āda) and V
2
‫ جسمانية‬jasmānīya Gethseman to become curly, frizzed, kinky, curl
(hair); to be wavy; to be creased; to be
(‫ جسا )جسو‬jasā u to become hard, solid wrinkled II to curl, frizz (‫ هـ‬s.th.; the hair);
‫ جش‬jašša u (jašš) to grind, crush, bruise, grate to wave (‫ هـ‬s.th.; the hair); to crease, pleat,
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) plait (‫ هـ‬cloth); to wrinkle (‫ هـ‬the skin)
‫ جش‬jušša hoarseness, huskiness, raucity ‫ جعد‬ja‘d (or ‫ جعد اليد‬j. al-yad, ‫ جعد الكف‬j.
(of the voice) al-kaff) stingy, niggardly, tightfisted
‫ جشيش‬jašīš ground, grated, crushed ‫ جعدة‬ja‘da curl, lock, ringlet
‫ اجش‬ajašš2, f. ‫ جشاء‬jaššā’2 hoarse, ‫ جعدى‬ja‘dī and ‫ اجعد‬aj‘ad2 curly
husky, raucous (voice) ‫ جعيدى‬gə‘īdī (eg.) bum, loafer, good-for-
‫ جشأ‬II and V to belch, burp nothing
‫ جشاء‬jušā’ and ‫ جشأة‬jaš’a belch(ing), ‫ تجاعيد‬tajā‘īd2 wrinkles, lines (of the
burp(ing) face)
‫ جشار‬jušār livestock ‫ تجعدات‬taja‘‘udāt wrinkles
‫ جشع‬jaši‘a a (jaša‘) and V to be covetous, ‫ مَجعد‬muja‘‘ad curled, frizzed; wavy;
greedy furrowed, creased; wrinkled
‫ جشع‬jaša‘ greed, avidity, inordinate ‫ مَتجعد‬mutaja‘‘id curled, frizzed; wavy;
desire furrowed, creased; wrinkled
‫ جشع‬jaši‘ greedy, covetous ‫ جعدنة‬ja‘dana idle talk, gossip (leb.)
‫ جشم‬jašāma a (jašm, ‫ جشامَة‬jašāma) to take ‫ جعر‬ja‘ara a (ja‘r) to drop its manure (animal)
upon o.s. (‫ هـ‬some hardship) II to make (‫ه‬ ‫ ابو جعران‬abū ji‘rān2 scarabaeus; dung
s.o.) suffer or undergo (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to impose beetle
(‫ هـ ه‬on s.o. s.th. difficult), burden (‫ هـ ه‬s.o.
with s.th.) V to take upon o.s., suffer, ‫ جعفر‬ja‘far little river, creek
undergo (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., hardships) ‫ جعل‬ja‘ala a (ja‘l) to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to put,
‫( جشنى‬eg., cf. ‫ ششنى‬šišnī) sample, specimen; place, lay (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to create (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
sampling effect, bring about (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make (‫هـ هـ‬
s.th. a rule, a principle, or the like, ‫ ه ه‬s.o.,
‫ جص‬II to plaster, whitewash (‫ هـ‬s.th.) e.g., leader, king, etc.), appoint (‫ ه ه‬s.o. to
‫ جص‬jiṣṣ gypsum; plaster of Paris an office, rank, or the like); to fix, set (‫هـ هـ‬
a sum, a price, at); to think, deem, believe
(‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ه ه‬s.o. to be …, ‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. to be ...), ‫ جفت‬jift, ‫ ﭽفت‬čift (pronounced šift; eg.) pincers,
take (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ه ه‬s.o. for, ‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. for); to tweezers; metal clamp│ ‫ جفت شريان‬j.
represent (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ فى صورة‬as, or in the šaryān arterial clamps
form of, s.th. else); to appoint, settle (‫ل هـ‬ ‫( ﭽفتشى‬pronounced šiftišī; eg.) filigree
s.th. for s.o., in s.o.’s favor); to give, grant,
concede (‫ ل هـ‬s.th., an advantage, to s.o.), ‫ جفتلك‬jiftlik farm, country estate; government
put s.o. (‫ )ل‬in the way of s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to land (Pal.)
attribute (‫ هـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.), maintain that ‫ جفر‬jafr, ‫‘ علم الجفر‬ilm al-j. divination,
s.th. (‫ )هـ‬belong. to s.o. (‫ ;)ل‬to entrust ( ‫الى‬ fortunetelling
‫ هـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to put, get (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.,
into a specific state or condition); (with ‫ جفرة‬jufra pl. ‫ جفر‬jufar pit, hole
foll. imperf.) to begin to, set out to│ ‫جعله‬ ‫ جفل‬jafala i u (jafl, ‫ جفول‬jufūl) and IV to start,
‫ يفعل‬to induce s.o. to do; to make s.o. do jump with fright; to shy (horse) II to start,
s.th. (in a narrative); ‫( جعله بمننزلة‬bi- rouse (‫ هـ‬s.th., .s.o.); to scare away (‫ ه‬s.o.)
manzilati) to place s.o. on equal footing
with; ‫( جعله فى مَتناول يده‬fī mutanāwali ‫ جفل‬jafl and ‫ جفول‬jufūl fright, alarm;
yadihī) to bring or put s.th. within s.o.’s shying
reach III to seek to bribe, try to win (‫ب ه‬ ‫( ﭽفلك‬pronounced šiflik; eg.) = ‫جفتلك‬
s.o. with s.th.)
‫ جفن‬pl. ‫ جفون‬jufūn, ‫ اجفان‬ajfān eyelid
‫ جعل‬ju‘l pl. ‫ اجعال‬aj‘āl pay, wages; piece
‫ جفنة‬jafna pl. ‫ جفان‬jifān, ‫ جفنات‬jafanāt
wages; reward, prize
bowl; grapsvine
‫ جعلى‬ju‘līi: ‫( اتفاق جعلى‬ittifāq) piece-work
(‫ جفا )جفو‬jafā u (jafw, ‫ جفاء‬jafā’) to be rough,
contract
coarse; to treat (‫ ه‬s.o.) roughly, harshly; to
‫ جعل‬ju‘al pl. ‫ جعلان‬ji‘lān dung beetle; turn away (. from), shun, avoid, flee (‫ه‬
scarabaeus s.o.) III to treat (‫ ه‬s.o.) roughly, rudely,
‫ جعالة‬ji‘āla, ja‘āla, ju‘āla pl. ‫ جعائل‬ja‘āil2 harshly; to be cruel (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to be cross (
pay, wages; allowance; reward, prize: ‫ ه‬with s.o.); to elude, flee (‫ ه‬s.o.; slumber);
bribe to offend (‫ هـ‬against good taste, one’s
sense of honor, or the like) VI to withdraw
‫ جغرافيا‬jugrāfiyā and ‫ جغرافية‬jugrāfīya (‫ عن‬from), shun, avoid (‫ ه‬s.o.); to loathe (
geography│‫( جغرافية طبيعية‬ṯabī‘īya) ‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.), have an aversion (‫ عن‬to); to
physical geography display rude manners, act the ruffian
‫ جغرافي‬jugrāfī geographical; geographer ‫ جفو‬jafw roughness, harshness
st
‫ جف‬jaffa (1 pers. perf. jafaftu) i (‫ جفاف‬jafāf, ‫جف‬ ‫ جفوة‬jafwa roughness; estrangement,
‫ وف‬jufūf) to dry, become dry; to dry out II alienation; disagreement, dissension,
to dry, make dry (‫ هـ‬s.th.) quarrel
‫ جفاف‬jafāf dryness; desiccation; drying ‫ جفاء‬jafā’ roughness; harshness;
up; dullness sternness; antipathy, aversion, distaste,
‫تجفاف‬tajfāf pl. ‫ تجافيف‬tajāfīf2 protective loathing; estrangement, alienation
armor ‫ اجفى‬ajfā refraining even more (‫ ل‬from),
‫ تجفيف‬tajfīf drying; desiccation; more averse (‫ ل‬to s.th.)
dehydration; drainage 127 ‫ جاف‬jāfin pl. ‫ جفاة‬jufāh harsh, rough,
‫ جاف‬jāff dry│ ‫( قلم حبر جاف‬qalam ḥibr) coarse; brutish, uncouth, rude
ball-point pen ‫ جاكتة‬look up alphabetically
‫ مَجفف‬mujaffaf dried, desiccated, ‫ جكر‬III (syr.) to tease (‫ ه‬s.o.)
dehydrated; ‫ مَجففات‬dehydrated foods 1
‫ جل‬jalla i (‫ جلل‬jalāl) to be great, lofty,
‫ جفاء‬jufā’ useless, vain, futile│ ‫ذهب جفاء‬ exalted, illustrious, sublime; to be too
dahaba jufā’an to be in vain, be of no great (‫ عن‬for), be beyond s.th. (‫)عن‬, be far
avail, pass uselessly
above s.th. (‫‘(جل عن الحصر │)عن‬an il-ḥaṣr) ‫ تجلة‬tajilla and ‫ اجلل‬ijlāl honor,
to be innumerable II to honor, dignify, distinction; esteem, deference, respect;
exalt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to cover (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. the reverence
ground, as snow, plants, etc.); to envelop, 2
‫ جل‬jull rose
wrap, drape, clothe; to border, edge (‫هـ‬
s.th., ‫ ب‬with) IV to honor, dignify, revere, ‫ جلاب‬julāb, jullāb rose water; julep
venerate, esteem highly, exalt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to ‫( جلتين‬Fr. gélatine) želātīn jelly
deem too high, too exalted (‫ عن‬for s.th.),
consider far beyond s.th. (‫ )عن‬VI to deem ‫( جلسية‬Fr. glacé) glasēh (eg.) kid leather
o.s. far above s.th. (‫ )عن‬X to be great, 1
‫ جلب‬jalaba i u (jalb) to attract (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
exalted, sublime fetch, get, bring (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to
‫ جل‬great, outstanding; bulky import (‫ هـ‬goods); to bring about (‫ هـ‬a
state, condition); to bring (‫ هـ‬harm, shame,
‫ جل‬jull major portion, bulk, majority, etc., ‫ على‬upon s.o.); to gain, win, obtain (‫هـ‬
main part│‫ جله‬julluhū most of it; ‫ جل الَمَة‬j. s.th.); to earn (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (‫ جلوب‬julūb) to scar
al-umma the majority of the people; ‫جل مَا‬ over, heal (wound) II to shout, clamor; to
‫ فيه‬its main contents; ‫( وجل مَا يقال انه‬jullu) be noisy, boisterous IV to earn, gain,
that much, at least, can be said that ... acquire (‫ هـ‬s.th.); = II; VII pass. of I VIII
‫ جلل‬jalal important, significant, to procure, bring, fetch, get (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
momentous, weighty draw (‫ هـ‬on s.th.); to import (‫ هـ‬goods) X
to import (‫ هـ‬goods); to fetch, summon,
‫ جلى‬jullā pl. ‫ جلل‬julal matter of great call in (‫ ه‬s.o.); to attract, draw (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
importance, momentous undertaking, s.th.); to seek to attract or win (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
great feat, exploit s.th.); to get, procure (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ جلة‬julla, jilla droppings, dung (of ‫ جلب‬jalb bringing, fetching;
animals); julla pl. ‫ جلل‬julal (cannon) ban; procurement; acquisition; importation,
bomb 128 import; causation, bringing on, bringing
‫ جلة‬julla attire, clothing│ ‫الجلة الجبروتية‬ about
(‫( )الكهنوتية‬ḥabrawīya, kahnūtīya) ‫ جلب‬jalab imported; foreign
Episcopal (sacerdotal) vestments (Chr.)
‫ جلب‬jalab and ‫ جلبة‬jalaba clamor; uproar,
‫ جليل‬jalīl pl. ‫ اجلاء‬ajillā’2, ‫ اجلة‬ajilla, ‫جلائل‬ tumult, turmoil
jalā’il2 great, important, significant,
weighty, momentous; lofty, exalted, ‫ جلبة‬julba scar
sublime; revered, honorable, venerable; ‫ جليب‬jalīb imported, foreign; (pl. ‫جلبى‬
glorious, splendid jalbā, ‫ جلباء‬julabā’2) foreign slave
‫ جلال‬jalāl loftiness, sublimity, ‫ جلاب‬jallāb attractive, captivating;
augustness; splendor, glory importer, trader; see also alphabetically│
‫ جلالة‬jalāla loftiness, sublimity, ‫ جلب العبيد‬slave trader
augustness; majeoty│ ‫صاحب )صاحبة( الجللة‬ ‫ جلابية‬gallābīya (eg.) pl. -at, ‫جلاليب‬
His (Her) Majesty, ‫ جللة الملك‬j. al-malik galālīb2 galabia, a loose, shirtlike garment,
His Majesty, the King the common dreao of the male population
‫ اجل‬ajall2 greater; more sublime; more in Egypt
splendid ‫ جلباب‬below under ‫جلبب‬
‫ مَجلة‬majalla pl. -āt periodical; review, ‫ جلب‬ajlab2 more attractive, more
magazine│ ‫( مَجلة اسبوعية‬usbū‘īya) weekly captivating
magazine; ‫( مَجلة شهرية‬šahrīya) monthly
publication; ‫( مَجلة خاصة ب‬ḳāṣṣa) ‫ مَجلبة‬majlaba pl. ‫ مَجالب‬majālib2
professional journal for a. ; ‫مَجلة الَحكام‬ causative factor, motive, reason, cause,
lawbook, code; ‫ مَجلة القوانين‬do. occasion
‫ استجلاب‬istijlāb procurement, acquisition; ‫ جلدة‬jilda skin, hide; piece of leather;
importation, import; supply; attraction│ race│ ‫ ابن جلدتنا‬ibn jildatinā our
‫ استجلاب السائحين‬promotion of tourist traffic countryman, our fellow tribesman, pl. ‫بنو‬
‫ جلدتنا‬banū j.
‫ جالب‬jālib causative factor, motive,
reason, cause, occasion ‫ جلدى‬jildī dermal, cutaneous, skin
2 (adj.)│ ‫ امَراض جلدية‬skin diseases
‫ جلاب‬julāb, jullāb rose water; julep
3 ‫ جليدة‬julaida pl. -āt membrane, pellicle;
‫ جلبا‬jalabā jalap (bot.)
O film (phot.)
‫ جلبب‬II tajalbaba to clothe o.s. (‫ ب‬with), be
‫ جلد‬jalad enduranos; suffering; patience;
clothed, be clad (‫ ب‬in a garment, also fig.)
firmament
‫ جلباب‬jilbāb pl. ‫ جلابيب‬jalābīb2 garment,
‫ جلدة‬jalda lash, stroke with a whip
dress, gown; woman's dress
‫ جليد‬jalīd pl. ‫ جلداء‬juladā’2 staunch,
‫ جلبان‬julubbān chickling vetch, grass pea
steadfast; strong, sturdy
(Lathyrus sativua)
1 ‫ جليد‬jalīd ice│ ‫ جبل جليد‬jabal j. iceberg;
‫ جلجل‬jaljala to reverberate; to resound, ring
‫( قطعة مَن الجليد‬qiṯ‘a) ice floe
out; to rattle; to shake (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ جليدى‬jalīdī icy, ice-covered, glacial, ice
‫ جلجل‬juljul pl. ‫ جلاجل‬jalājil2 (little) bell,
(adj.); snow-covered│ ‫‘( العصر الجليدى‬aṣr)
sleigh bell; cowbell; jingle
the Ice Age
‫ جلجلة‬jaljala sound of a bell; loud, shrill
‫ جلود‬jalūd long-suffering, patient
sound
‫ جلاد‬jallād pl. -ūn leather merchant;
‫ مَجلجل‬mujaljil shrill, piercing; ringing,
executioner, hangman
resounding, reverberant
2 ‫ جلادة‬jalāda and ‫ جلودة‬julūda endurance,
‫ جلجلة‬juljula, ‫ جبل الجلجلة‬jabal al-j. Golgotha
patience
3
‫جلجلان‬juljulān, jiljilān sesame
‫ مَجلدة‬mijlada whip, lash, scourge
‫ جلح‬jaliḥa a (jalaḥ) to be or become bald
‫ تجليد‬tajlīd freezing; bookbinding
‫ اجلح‬ajlaḥ2, f. ‫ جلحاء‬jalḥā’2, pl. ‫ جلح‬julḥ
‫ جلاد‬jilād fight, battle (against)
bald-headed, bald
‫ تجلد‬tajallud endurance, patience
‫ جلخ‬jalaḳa a and II to sharpen (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
whet, hone (‫ هـ‬a knife), strop (‫ هـ‬a razor); ‫ مَجلد‬mujallid: ‫ مَجلد الكتب‬m. al-kutub
to stretch, extend, roll out (‫ هـ‬metal) bookbinder
‫ جلخ‬jalḳ grindstone, whetetone, hone ‫ مَجلد‬mujallad frozen, icy, ice-covered;
bound (book); (pl. -āt) volume (book)
‫ جلد‬jalada i (jald) to whip, flog, lash (‫ ه‬s.o.); --
jalida a to be frozen, freeze; -- jaluda u to ‫ مَجالد‬mujālid pl. -ūn gladiator
be tough, hardy, undismayed, steadfast, ‫ مَتجلد‬mutajallid patient
patient II to bind (‫ هـ‬a book); (to cause) to
freeze (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to fight (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to ‫ جلمز‬jillauz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬hazelnut; hazel
freeze; to be frozen, be covered with ice V ‫ جلس‬jalasa i (‫ جلوس‬julūs) to sit down (‫ الى‬with
to take heart; to show o.s. tough, hardy, s.o., at a tabl., etc., ‫ على‬on a chair); to sit (
robust; to resign o.s. to patience; to bear, ‫ الى‬with s.o., at a table, ‫ على‬on a chair)│
suffer VI to engage in a sword fight ‫( جلس الى الرسام‬rassām) to sit for a painter
‫ جلد‬jald flogging; -- (pl. ‫ اجلاد‬ajlād) III to sit (‫ ه‬with s.o., next to s.o., in s.o.’s
staunch, steadfast; strong, sturdy company); to keep s.o. (‫ )ه‬company IV to
ask to sit down, make sit down, eeat (‫ه‬
‫ جلد‬jild pl. ‫ جلود‬julūd, ‫ اجلاد‬ajlād skin, s.o.)
hide; leather│ ‫( جلد سختيان‬suḳtiyān)
morocco; ‫( جلد لماع‬lammā‘) patent leather ‫ جلسة‬jalsa pl. -āt seat (in an auditorium);
session (of parliament, of a committee,
130 of a court, etc.); party, gathering, (iqtiṣādī) economic council: ‫مَجلس قومَى‬
meeting│‫‘ عقد جلسة‬aqada jasatan to (qaumī) national assembly; ‫مَجلس قيادة الثورة‬
convene a session; ‫‘( جلسة عامَة‬āmma) m. qiyādat at-taura Supreme
plenary session Revolutionary Tribunal (Eg.): ‫المجلس الكبير‬
and ‫( المجلس الَكبر‬akbar) the Grand Council
‫ جلسة‬jilsa manner of sitting
(= le Grand Conseil; Tun.); ‫مَجلس اللوردين‬
‫ جليس‬pl. ‫ جلساء‬julasā’2 participant in a the House of Lords: ‫ مَجلس النواب‬m. an-
social gathering; table companion: one nuwwāb lower house, chamber of
with whom one sits together; ‫ جليسه‬the deputies; ‫( مَجلس نيابى‬niyābī) parliament;
man who was at the party with him ‫ مَجلس الجهة‬m. al-jiha approx.: provincial
‫ جليسة‬jalīsa lady companion; fem. of council (= conseil de région; Tun.); ‫مَجلس‬
‫جليس‬ ‫ الوزراء‬m. al-wuzarā’ cabinet, council of
ministers
‫ جلوس‬julūs sitting: sitting down;
accession to the throne; pl. of ‫ جالس‬sitting ‫ مَجالسة‬mujālasa social intercourse

‫ مَجلس‬majlis pl. ‫ مَجالس‬majālis2 seat; ‫ جالس‬jālis pl. ‫ جلوس‬julūs, ‫ جلس‬jullās


session room, conference room; party, sitting; pl. ‫ جلس‬participants in a social
gathering, meeting; social gathering: gathering
session, sitting; council meeting; council; ‫ جلط‬jalaṯa i (jalṯ) to chafe, gall, abrade (‫ هـ‬the
concilium; collegium, college: board, skin); to shave (‫ الرأس‬ar-ra’sa the head
committee, commission; administrative
‫ جلطة‬julṯa lump, clot│ ‫جلطة دمَوية‬
board; court, tribunal│‫ فى مَجلسه‬in s.o.’s
(damawīya) blood clot, thrombus
presence, in s.o.’s company; ‫مَجلس التأديب‬
and ‫ مَجلس تأديبى‬disciplinary board; ‫مَجلس‬ ‫ جلف‬jilf pl. ‫ اجلاف‬ajlāf boorish, rude, uncivil
‫ تأسيسى‬constituent assembly; ‫مَجلس آفاقى‬ ‫ جلفط‬jalfaṯa (‫ جلفطة‬jalfaṯa) to calk (‫ هـ‬a ship)
regional court (tribunal régional; Tun.);
‫ مَجلس المَة‬m. al-umma parliament (Ir.); ‫ جلفن‬galfana (eg.) to galvanize
‫ مَجلس المَن‬m. al-amn the Security Council; ‫ جلفنة‬galfana galvanization
‫ مَجلس البلدية‬m. al-baladīya and ‫مَجلس بلدى‬
(baladī) local council, municipal council; ‫ مَجلفن‬mugalfan galvanized
‫ مَجلس الحرب‬m. al-ḥarb war council; ‫مَجلس‬ ‫ جلاقة‬jalāqa: ‫( جلقة قروية‬qarawīya) yokel,
‫( حسبى‬ḥasbī) probate court (for Muslim; bumpkin
Eg.); ‫( مَجلس مَختلط‬muḳtaliṯ) mixed court
(eg.); ‫ مَجلس الدفاع‬defense council; ‫مَجلس‬ ‫ جلم‬jalama i (jalm) to clip, shear off (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ الَدارة‬m. al-idāra administrative board, ‫ جلم‬jalam pl. ‫ اجلام‬ajlām shears
committee of management, directorate;
‫ ابو جلمبو‬abū galambū (eg.) a variety of crab
board of directors (of a corporation or
bank); ‫ مَجلس المديرية‬m. al-mudīrīya ‫ جلمد‬II tajalmada to be petrified
provincial council, provincial parliament ‫ جلمد‬jalmad pl. ‫ جلمَد‬jalāmid2 and ‫جلمود‬
(Eg.); ‫ مَجلس الدولة‬m. ad-daula Supreme julmūd pl. ‫ جلمَيد‬jalāmīd2 rook, bolder
Administrative Court (Eg.); ‫مَجلس روحى‬
(rūḥī) religious court, clerical court (of the ‫ جلنار‬jullanār pomegranate blossom
Coptic Church); ‫ مَجلس شورى الدولة‬m. šūrā (‫ جلو‬and ‫ جل )جلى‬jalā u to clean, polish (
d-daula council of state; ‫مَجلس الشيوخ‬ ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to clear (‫ هـ‬the view); to make
council of elders: Senate (Eg.); ‫مَجلس عدلى‬ clear, make plain, clarity, clear up (‫هـ‬
(‘adlī) court, tribunal (Syr.); (‫ عسكرى‬or) s.th.), throw light on (‫)هـ‬, to reveal, unveil,
‫‘( مَجلس عرفى‬urfī, ‘askarī) court-martial; disclose (‫ هـ‬s.th.), to dislodge, oust,
‫ مَجلس عصبة المَم‬m. ‘uṣbat al-umam Council remove (‫ عن هـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. from), to
of the League of Nations; ‫ مَجلس العموم‬the shine, be brilliant, distinguish o.s. (‫ فى‬in
House of Commons; ‫ مَجلس العيان‬m. al- s.th.); to be or become clear, evident,
a‘yān senate (Ir., Jord.); ‫ مَجلس الَقتراع‬draft manifest; to pull out, move out (‫ عن‬of a
board, recruiting commission (mil.); ‫مَجلس‬ place), go away, depart (‫ عن‬from a place),
‫( قروى‬qarawī) local council; ‫مَجلس اقتصادى‬ leave, quit, evacuate (‫ عن‬a place); -- ‫جلى‬
jalā i to polish, burnish (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to ‫ تجلية‬tajliya: ‫( تجلية الَهية‬ilāhīya) divine
reveal, disclose, bring to light (‫ عن‬or ‫هـ‬ revelation; theophany (Chr.)
s.th.); to show, represent (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.), ‫ تجل‬tajallin revelation, manifestation;
IV to remove, dislodge, oust, drive away ( Transfiguration (of Christ)│‫‘ عيد التجلى‬īd
‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to evacuate (‫ ه‬s.o. from); at-t. Transfiguration Day (Chr.)
to move away, go away (‫ عن‬from a place),
leave (‫ عن‬a place) V to become clear, ‫ اجتلء‬ijtilā’ contemplation
evident, manifest; to reveal itself, be ‫ استجلء‬istijlā’ clarification, elucidation
revealed, to appear, show, come to light,
come out, manifest itself, to be ‫ جالية‬jāliya pl. -āt, ‫ جوال‬jawālin colony
manifested, be expressed, find expression (of foreigners); colony of emigrants
VII to be clean or cleaned, be polished, be ‫ المجلى‬al-mujallī the winner (in a race)
burnished, to be removed, be dislodged,
be ousted; to move away (‫ عن‬from a ‫ مَتجل‬mutajallin obvious, evident,
place), vacate, evacuate (‫ عن‬a place), to be manifest, patent
dispelled, vanish, go away, pass (crisis, ‫ جلون‬galōn pl. -āt gallon (eg.)
difficulty, etc.), to disappear, to reveal
‫ مَجلون‬mugalwan galvanized (eg.)
itself, be revealed, be disclosed; to be
unveiled (bride), to become manifest, ‫ جلى‬jullā see 1 ‫جل‬
manifest itself; to become clear or plain; ‫ جليوتين‬gilyotīn guillotine (eg.)
to clear up and reveal (‫ عن‬s.th.), to lead,
1
come (‫ عن‬to), end (‫ عن‬in), to result (‫عن‬ ‫ ج م‬abbreviation of ‫ جنيه مَصرى‬Egyptian pound
in)│‫ مَا ينجلى عنه المَر‬the outcome of the 2
‫ جم‬jamma i u (jamm) to gather; to collect
matter, what will come of it VIII to reveal, one’s thoughts, concentrate; to rest II and
disclose (‫ هـ‬s.th.), to regard (‫ هـ‬s.th.), look V to grow luxuriantly (plants) X to gather;
at (‫ )هـ‬X to seek to clarify (‫ هـ‬s.th.), to to collect one’s thoughts, concentrate; to
clarify, clear up (‫ هـ‬s.th.), throw light (‫هـ‬ rest, relax, seek recreation (‫ مَن‬from); to
on); to uncover, unearth, bring to light, be covered with luxuriant vegetation
find out, discover, detect (‫ هـ‬s.th.) (ground)
‫ ابن جل‬ibn jalā a famous, well-known ‫ جم‬jamm abundant, plentiful; much, a
man, a celebrity great deal of; many, numerous; manifold,
‫ جلى‬jalīy clear, plain, evident, patent, multiple; crowd, group of people│‫جم الثر‬
manifest, obvious, conspicuous; ‫جليا‬ j. al-atar effective, efficacious; ‫احبه حبا جما‬
jalīyan obviously, evidently (aḥabbahū ḥubban) to be more than fond
of; ‫ فوائد جمة‬numerous advantages, ample
‫ جلية‬jalīya pl. ‫ جليا‬jalāyā sure thing, benefits; ‫ جم غفير‬large crowd, throng
plain fact│‫ جلية المَر‬jalīyat al-amr the true
state of the affair ‫ جمام‬jamām rest, relaxation, recreation,
gathering of new strength
‫ اجلى‬ajlā clearer, more obvious, more
distinct ‫ مَجم‬majamm place where s.th. gathers or
flows together│‫مَجم هذا الرأي ومَستجمعه‬
‫ جلوى‬jalwā unveiling (of the bride)│ ‫ليلة‬ (mustajma‘uhū) what this opinion
‫ الجلوة‬lailat al-j. wedding night amounts to
‫ جلء‬jalā’ clarification, elucidation; ‫ تجميم‬tagmīm (eg.) bobbed hairdo (of
clarity, clearness, plainness, distinctness; women)
departure, (e)migration (‫ عن‬from),
evacuation (‫ عن‬of an area; mil.); ‫بجلء‬ ‫ استجماتم‬istijmām collectedness;
clearly, plainly concentration; attentiveness, attentive
reverence; rest, relaxation, recreation
‫ جليان‬jalayān vision, revelation,
apocalypse (Chr.) ‫ جنبازى‬,‫ جمباز‬see ‫ جنبازى‬,‫جنباز‬
‫ مَجال‬majālin (pl. of ‫ مَجلى‬majlan) ‫( جمبرى‬from It. gambero) gambarī, ‫جمرى‬
manifestations gammarī (eg.) shrimp (zool.)
2
‫ جمجم‬jamjama (‫ جمجمة‬jamjama), ‫جمجم الكلم‬ induration; hardness, inflexibility;
(kalāma) and II tajamjama to articulate deadlock, standstill; inertia, inaction,
indistinctly, stammer; to express o.s. inactivity; lethargy, apathy, passivity,
poorly, speak incoherently; to mumble indifference
2
‫ جمجمة‬jumjuma pl. ‫ جماجم‬jamājim2 skull, ‫ جمودة‬jumūda solidity, hardness
cranium ‫ تجميد‬tajmīd solidification, hardening;
‫ جمجمى‬jumjumī cranial consolidation; reinforcement (of a
foundation)│‫ تجميد الَمَوال‬t. al-amwāl
‫ جمح‬jamaḥa a (jamḥ, ‫ جماح‬jimāḥ, ‫ جموح‬jumūḥ
freezing of assets
to holt (horse); to he refractory, unruly,
recalcitrant; to be defiant; to be ‫ تجمد‬tajammud freezing; frost;
capricious, whimsical; to run out on her congelation; solidification; coagulation
husband, run away from home (wife) ‫ انجماد‬injimād freezing up or over, icing
‫ جماح‬jimāḥ recalcitrance, defiance; up; ice formation
willfulness ‫ جامَد‬jāmid hard, solid; stiff; rigid;
‫ جموح‬jumūḥ recalcitrance, defiance; motionless; inanimate, inorganic; (gram.)
willfulness defective; dry. dull (book, and the like);
impervious to progress to innovation,
‫ جموح‬jamūḥ headstrong, defiant, unruly,
ossified, ultraconservative; pl. ‫جوامَد‬
ungovernable
jawāmid2 inanimate things, inorganic
‫ جامَح‬jāmiḥ headstrong, defiant, unruly; matter, minerals
indomitable, untamable
‫ مَتجمد‬mutajammid frozen, icy; stiff,
2
‫ جمد‬jamada u, jamuda u (jamd, ‫ جمود‬jumūd) congealed; coagulated
to freeze; to congeal, harden, stiffen, be or
‫ مَنجمد‬munjamid frozen, icy, ice (adj.);
become hard or solid, solidify; to
arctic│‫( المحيط المنجمد‬muḥīṯ) the Arctic
coagulate, clot (blood); to be rigid,
Ocean
inflexible (in one’s thinking); to stagnate;
2
to be apathetic, indolent, dull, indifferent│ ‫جمادى‬jumādā name of the fifth and sixth
‫ جمدت نفسه على‬to be indifferent toward, put months of the Muslim year (‫ جمادى الَولى‬j.
up with, acquiesce in; ‫( جمدت يده‬yaduhū) to al-ūlā Jumada I and ‫ جمادى الخرة‬j. al-āḳira
be niggardly, tightfisted II to freeze, frost, Jumada II)
congeal (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to solidify, coagulate, ‫ جمر‬II to roast (‫ هـ‬meat) VIII to bum incense
harden, stiffen (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to curdle (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to freeze (‫ هـ‬assets V to freeze, become ‫ جمر‬jamr embers, live coal│ ‫كان على احر‬
frozen, turn into ice, freeze up. become ‫( مَن جمر‬aḥarra) to be on tenter-hooks; to
icebound; to freeze to death; to congeal; to be in greatest suspense, be dying with
solidify; to harden, set (e.g., cement); to curiosity
coagulate, clot (blood) VII to freeze up, ‫ جمرة‬jamra (n. un. of ‫ )جمر‬live coal;
become icebound; to freeze, become firebrand, smoldering embers; rankling
frozen, turn to ice resentment; (pl. -āt) carbuncle (med.)│O
‫ جمد‬jamd freezing; congelation, ‫ الجمرة الخبيثة‬anthrax
solidification, coagulation│‫درجة الجمد‬ ‫ جمار‬jummār palm pith, palm core
darajat al-j. freezing point (edible tuber growing at the upper end of
‫ جمد‬jamad ice the palm trunk)
‫ جماد‬jamād pl. -āt a solid; inorganic ‫ مَجمرة‬mijmara pl. ‫ مَجامَر‬majāmir2
body; mineral; inanimate body, inanimate brazier; censer
being; O neuter (gram.) 2
‫ جمرى‬see ‫جمبرى‬
‫ جمود‬jumūd frozen state; solid, compact ‫( جمرك‬eg.) gumruk pl. ‫ جمرك‬gamārik2 customs;
state, compactness, solidity; rigor, rigidity, customhouse│‫ رسم الجمرك‬rasm al-g.
stiffness; inorganic state; hardening, customs duty, tariff
‫ جمركى‬gumrukī customs, tariff (used conference, hold talks (‫ مَع‬,‫ ب‬with s.o.),
attributively)│ ‫( اتحاد جمركى‬ittihād) meet (‫ مَع‬,‫ ب‬s.o.; to concur (‫ على‬in), agree,
customs union be agreed (‫ على‬on s.th.) X to gather,
collect (‫ هـ‬s.th.; also ‫ قواه‬quwāhu one’s
‫ مَجمرك‬mugamrak duty paid
strength, ‫ افكاره‬afkārahū one’s thoughts);
‫ جميز‬jummaiz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬sycamore (Ficus to summarize, sum up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
sycomorus; bot.) possess, combine (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ جامَوس‬look up alphabetically ‫ جمع‬jam’ gathering; collection;
‫ جمش‬jamaša i u (jamš) to unhair (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to combination; connection, coupling,
make love, caress, pet joining; accumulation; (arith.) addition;
union, merger, aggregation, integration (
‫ جمع‬jama‘a a (jam‘) to gather (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ بين‬of) holding together (‫ بين‬of divergent,
collect (‫ هـ‬e.g., money); to unite, combine, separate things); (pl. ‫ جموع‬jumū‘)
bring together (parts into a whole); to put gathering, crowd, throng; gang, troop;
together. join (‫ هـ‬things); to set, compose ( (gram.) plural│ ‫ جمع الشمل‬j. aš-šaml union,
‫ هـ‬type; typ.); to compile (‫ هـ‬a book); to integration; ‫ جمع التكسير‬the broken (=
summarize. sum up (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to rally, internal) plural, ‫ الجمع السالم‬the regular (=
round up (‫ هم‬people); to pile up, amass external) plural; ‫ اسم الجمع‬ism al-j.
accumulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to assemble (‫هم‬ collective noun (gram.); ‫ جمع اليد‬j. al-yad
several persons); to convoke, convene, fist
call (‫ هـ‬a meeting); to add (‫ هـ‬numbers),
add up (‫ هـ‬a column); (gram.) to make ‫ جمع‬jum‘, ‫ جمع الكف‬j. al-kaff, ‫ جمع اليد‬j. al-
plural, pluralize (‫ هـ‬a word); to unite, link, yad fist, clenched hand│ ‫ بجمع يديه‬with
bring together (‫ بين‬several things or clenched fists
persons); to combine (‫ بين – و‬e.g., both ‫ جمعة‬jum‘a pl. ‫ جمع‬juma‘, -āt week;
strength and courage); to contain, hold, Friday│ ‫ يوم الجمعة‬yaum al-j. Friday; ‫جمعة‬
comprise (‫ هـ‬s.th.)│‫جمع اطراف الشيء‬ ‫ اللَم‬Passion Week; ‫ الجمعة العظيمة‬and ‫يوم‬
(aṯrāfa) to summarize, sum up s.th.; to ‫ الجمعة الحزينة‬Good Friday (Chr.)
give a survey of s.th.; ‫جمع البراعة مَن اطرافها‬
‫ جمعية‬jam‘iya pl. -āt club, association,
(barā‘ata) to be very efficient, do an
society; corporation, organization; 135
excellent job, do superlatively good work;
assembly│‫ جمعية المَم‬j. al-umam League of
‫( جمع شمل القطيع‬šamla l-q.) to round up the
Nations; ‫( جمعية خيرية‬ḳairīya) charitable
herd; ‫( يجمع الكتاب بين صفحاتها‬ṣafaḥātihā) the
organization; ‫ جمعية الَسعاف‬j. al-is‘āf
book contains, lists …; ‫يجمع بيت على بيوت‬
approx.: civil ambulance service; ‫جمعية‬
(yujma‘u) the plural of bait is buyūt II to
(tašrī‘īya) legislative assembly; ‫جمعية‬
pile up, amass, accumulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫‘ عمومَية‬umūmīya) and ‫‘( جمعية عامَة‬āmma)
rally, round up (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ هم‬s.o.); to
general assembly; general meeting;
assemble (‫ هـ‬the parts of a 134 machine)
plenum, plenary session; ‫جمعية تعاونية‬
III to have sexual intercourse (‫ ها‬with a
(ta‘āwunīya) cooperative
woman) IV to agree (‫ على‬on s.th., to do
s.th.); to be agreed (‫ على‬on); to decide ‫ جميع‬jamī‘ (with foll. genitive) total;
unanimously (‫ على‬on), resolve (‫ على‬to do whole, entire; all; entirety; e.g., ‫جميع الناس‬
s.th.)│‫( اجمعوا امَرهم‬amrahum) they came to all men, all mankind; ‫ الجميع‬all people,
terms, they made a joint decision V to everybody; the public at large; ‫جميعا‬
gather; to assemble, congregate; to rally, jamī‘an in a body, altogether, one and all,
band together, flock together (people); to all of them; entirely, wholly, totally
pile up; to accumulate; to gather into a ‫ جمع‬ajma‘2 pl. -ūn, f. ‫ جمعاء‬jam‘ā’2, pl.
mass, agglomerate; to cluster; to coagulate ‫ جمع‬juma‘2 entire, whole, all`│‫العالم الَسلمَى‬
VIII to be close together; to come ‫( اجمع‬ajma‘a) the entire Islamic world; ‫الدار‬
together, meet, join; to unite, combine (‫ب‬ ‫( جمعاء‬jam‘ā’a) the whole house; ‫ باجمعه‬bi-
with); to assemble, meet, convene (an ajma‘ihī in its entirety, to its full extent,
organization, a committee, etc.); to be or completely, altogether; ‫ جاؤوا باجمعهم‬all of
get together, have a meeting, interview or them came
‫ جماع‬jummā‘ aggregate; total, total rivers); life in a social group, community
amount life, social life; ‫ الَجتماع‬human society│‫اجتم‬
‫ اع الطرق‬ijtimā‘ aṯ-ṯuruq crossroads,
O ‫ جماع كهربائى‬jammā‘ kahrabā‘ī;
intersection, junction; ‫‘ علم الَجتماع‬ilm al-
storage battery
ijt. sociology; ‫ علماء الاجتماع‬sociologists
‫ جماعة‬jamā‘a pl. -āt group (of people);
‫ اجتماعى‬ijtimā‘ī community, group (used
band, gang, party, troop; community;
attributively); social; socialist(ic);
squad (military unit; Eg. 1939)│ ‫جماعات‬
sociological│‫ وزارة الشؤون الاجتماعية‬ministry
‫ وافرادا‬jamā‘ātin wa-afrādan in groups and
for social affairs; ‫ الحالة الاجتماعية‬personal
individually
status; ‫( الخدمَة الَجتماعية‬ḳidma) social
‫ جماعى‬jamā‘ī collective (as opposed to service, social work; ‫المساواة الَجتماعية‬
‫ فردى‬fardī individual) (musāwāh) social equality; ‫الهيئة الَجتماعية‬
‫ مَجمع‬majma‘ pl. ‫ مَجامَع‬majāmi‘2 place (hai’a) human society
where two or more things meet, place or ‫ اجتماعية‬ijtimā‘īya socialism
point of union, junction; meeting,
‫ جامَع‬jāmi‘ comprehensive, extensive,
congregation, convention, assembly; (also
broad, general, universal; collector;
‫ مَجمع علمى‬m. ‘ilmī) academy (scientific);
compiler (of a book); compositor,
college (e.g., of ecclesiastical dignitaries);
typesetter; (pl. ‫ جوامَع‬jawāmi‘2) mosque│
synod│‫( مَجمع بلدى‬baladī) provincial synod
‫( مَسجد جامَع‬masjid) great, central mosque
(Chr.); ‫( مَجمع اكليركى‬iklīrīkī) clerical synod
where the public prayer is performed on
(of the Coptic Church); ‫ اخذ بمجامَع القلوب‬to
Fridays
win or captivate the hearts; 135 ‫بمجامَع عينيه‬
bi-m. ‘ainaihi (to look at s.o.) with ‫ جامَعة‬jāmi‘a pl. -āt league, union,
complete concentration, intently association; community; federation;
religious community, communion;
‫ مَجمعى‬majma‘ī academy member,
commonness, community of interests or
academician
purpose; university│O ‫ جامَعة الكهرباء‬j. al-
‫ تجمي‬tajmī‘ assembly, assemblage (of kahrabā’ storage battery, accumulator; َ‫جام‬
the parts of machinery) ‫ عة الَمَم‬j. al-umam League of Nations; َ‫الجام‬
‫ جماع‬jimā‘ sexual intercourse; s.th. ‫( عة الَسلمَية‬islāmīya) Pan-Islamism; ‫الجامَعة‬
comprising or involving another thing or a ‫‘( العربية‬arabīya) and ‫جامَعة الدول العربية‬
number of things│ ‫الخمر جماع الَثم‬al-ḳamr (duwal) the Arab League; ‫جامَعة شعبية‬
j. al-itm wine involves sin, wine (ša‘bīya) university extension, adult
education courses, evening courses
‫ اجماع‬ijmā‘ agreement, unanimity (also
‫ ;)اجماع الرأي‬unanimous resolution (‫ على‬to ‫ جامَعى‬jāmi‘ī academic, collegiate,
do s.th.); (Isl. Law) consensus (of the university (adj.); university graduate
authorities in a legal question; one of the ‫ مَجموع‬majmū‘ collected, gathered;
four uṣūl of Islamic Law)│ ‫بالَجماع‬ totality, whole; total, sum (arith.)│ ‫الحروف‬
unanimously ‫ المجموعة‬matter (typ.); ‫ مَجموع اراضى القطر‬m.
‫ اجماعى‬ijmā‘ī based on general arāḍī l-quṯr the total area of the country;
agreement, unanimous; collective, ‫ مَجموع طوله‬m. ṯūlihī its total length; ‫المجموع‬
universal ‫‘( العصبي‬aṣabī) the nervous system

‫ تجمع‬tajammu‘ pl. -āt coming together, ‫ مَجموعة‬majmū‘a pl. -āt, ‫ مَجامَيع‬majāmī‘2


meeting; gathering; troop concentration; collection (e.g., of works of art, of stamps,
crowd, throng, mob; agglomeration; O etc., also of stories); compilation, list;
agglutination (chem.-med.) group {also, e.g., of trees, of islands, etc.);
series (e.g., of articles in a newspaper; O
‫ اجتماع‬ijtimā‘ pl. -āt meeting (‫ ب‬with battery (el.); alliance, league, bloc (e.g., of
s.o.; of a corporate body; of parliament); states); collective, collectivistic
get-together, gathering, assembly; organization; aggregate; complex, block
reunion; rally; convention; conjunction, (of buildings); system; bulletin,
constellation (astron.); confluence (of
periodical│ ‫( المجموعة الشمسية‬šamāīya) the ‫(شرطي‬šarṯīya) conditional clause; ‫جملة‬
solar system; ‫( مَجموعة صناعية‬ṣinā‘īya) ‫( مَعترضة‬mu‘tariḍa) parenthetical clause
syndicate ‫ حساب الجمل‬ḥisāb al-jummal (or jumal)
‫ مَجمع‬mujammi‘ collector (techn.); O use of the letters of the alphabet according
storage battery, accumulator to their numerical value
‫ مَجمع عليه‬mujma‘ ‘alaihi (that which is) ‫ جمال‬jamāl beauty│O ‫‘ علم الجمال‬ilm al-j.
agreed upon, unanimous aesthetics
‫ مَجتمع‬mujtama‘ pl. -āt gathering place, ‫ جميل‬jamīl beautiful, graceful, lovely,
place of assembly; meeting place, comely, pretty, handsome; friendly act,
rendezvous; assembly, gathering, meeting; favor, service, good turn; courtesy│ ‫اعتراف‬
society; human society; community, ‫ مَعرفة الجميل‬,‫ بالجميل‬ma‘rifat al-j. and ‫عرفان‬
commune, collective ‫‘( بالجميل‬irfān) gratitude; ‫نكران‬
‫الجميل‬nukrān al-j. ingratitude; ‫ناكر الجميل‬
‫ جمكية = جامَكية‬look up alphabetically
ungrateful; ‫( حفظ له جميلا‬ḥafiẓa) to keep s.o.
1
‫ جمل‬jamala u (jaml) to sum up, summarize (‫هـ‬ in fond remembrance, remember s.o. with
s.th.); -- jamula u (‫ جمال‬jamāl) to be gratitude
beautiful; to be handsome, pretty, comely,
‫ اجمل‬ajmal2 more beautiful
graceful; to be proper, suitable,
appropriate (‫ ب‬for s.o.), befit (‫ ب‬s.o.) II to ‫ تجميل‬tajmīl beautification,
make beautiful, beautify, embellish, adorn embellishment; cosmetics
(‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) III to be polite, courteous, ‫ مَجامَلة‬mujāmala pl. -āt (act of) courtesy;
amiable (. to 8.0.) IV to sum, total, add (‫هـ‬ civility, amiability; flattery; ‫مَجامَلة‬
s.th.); to treat as a whole, mention mujāmalatan amicably, in a friendly way│
collectively (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to sum up, ‫ زيارة مَجامَلة‬ziyārat m. courtesy call; ‫قواعد‬
summarize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to act well, decently, ‫ المجامَلات‬etiquette
be nice V to make o.s. pretty, adorn o.s. VI
to be courteous, be friendly to one another ‫ اجمال‬ijmāl summation, summing up;
summarization; ‫ اجمالا‬ijmālan on the
‫ جملة‬jumla pl. ‫ جمل‬jumal totality, sum, whole, in general, generally speaking, as a
whole; group, troop, body; crowd; general principle│ ‫ اجمالا لذلك اقول‬to sum
wholesale; (gram.) sentence, clause; ‫جملة‬ up, I (would) say ... ; ‫ فى اجماله‬in its
jumlatan completely, wholly, on the entirety, as a whole; ‫ بالَجمال‬and ‫على الَجمال‬
whole, altogether, in general, at all│ ‫جملة‬ in general, on the whole, altogether; ‫بوجه‬
‫ واحدة‬jumlatan wāḥidatan all at once, at ‫ الَجمال‬bi-wajhi l-i. = ‫اجمالا‬
one swoop; ‫ جملة الكائنات‬everything in
existence; ‫ كان مَن جملة اصحابه‬he was one of ‫ اجمالى‬ijmālī comprehensive, summary,
his companions, he belonged to his general, over-all, total, collective│ ‫تقرير‬
companions; ‫( قال فى جملة مَا قاله‬jumlati) ‫ اجمالى‬over-all report; ‫( غرامَة اجمالية‬garāma)
among other things, he said ... ; ‫وجملة القول‬ collective penalty; ‫( نظرة اجمالية‬naẓra)
‫ ان‬wa-jumlatu l-qauli anna or ‫وجملة الَمَر ان‬ general view
in short ... , to sum up …, briefly ‫ مَجمل‬mujmil pl. -ūn wholesaler,
stated ... ; ‫ على الجملة‬in short, in a word; ‫بالج‬ wholesale dealer
‫ ملة‬wholly, on the whole, altogether, in
general, at all; by wholesale (com.); ‫جملة‬ ‫ مَجمل‬mujmal summary, resume,
‫ الَجرة المستحقة‬j. al-ujra al-mustaḥiqqa synopsis, compendium; general concept;
gross wage; ‫ تاجر الجملة‬wholesaler, sum, total│‫ بالمجمل‬by wholesale
wholesale dealer; 41.J:1 ~ sr,. al·j. whole- 2
‫ جمل‬jamal pl. ‫ جمال‬jimāl, ‫ اجمال‬ajmāl camel│
sale price; ‫( جملة اسمية‬ismīya) nominal ‫ جمل اليهود‬j. a1-yahūd chameleon
clause; ‫( جملة فعلية‬fi‘līya) verbal clause; ‫جملة‬
‫( اخبارية‬iḳbārīya) or ‫( جملة خبرية‬ḳabarīya) ‫ جمال‬jammāl pl. -ūn camel driver
declarative sentence (or clause); ‫جملة انشائية‬ ‫ جمان‬jumān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pearls
(inšā’īya) exclamatory sentence; ‫جملة حالية‬
(ḥālīya) circumstantial clause; ‫جملة‬
‫ جمهر‬jamhara to gather, collect (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., ‫ جنان‬jannān gardener
s.o.); to assemble (‫ ه‬s.o.) II tajamhara to ‫ جنين‬janīn pl. ‫ اجنة‬ajinna, ‫ اجنون‬ajnūn
gather, flock together (crowd) embryo, fetus; germ (in a seed, etc.)
‫ جمهرة‬jamhara multitude, crowd, throng; ‫ جنون‬junūn possession, obsession;
the great mass, the populace mania, madness, insanity, dementia;
‫ جمهور‬jumhūr pl. ‫ جماهير‬jamāhīr2 foolishness, folly; frenzy, rage, fury;
multitude; crowd, throng; general public, ecstasy, rapture│‫ الجنون فنون‬al-j. funūn
public; ‫ الجماهير‬the masses, the people madness has many varieties, manifests
itself in many ways
‫ جمهرى‬iumhllri republican (adj. and n.)
‫ جنوني‬junūnī crazy, insane, mad; frantic,
‫ جمهورية‬jumhūriya pl. -āt republic│‫الجمهو‬
frenzied
‫‘( رية العربية المتحدة‬arabīya, muttaḥida) the
United Arab Republic; ‫الجمهورية الَتحادية‬ ‫ مَجن‬mijann pl. ‫ مَجان‬majānn2 shield
‫( الَلمانية‬ittiḥādīya) the Federal Republic of ‫ مَجنة‬majanna madness, insanity
Germany; ‫الجمهورية الديموقراطية الَلمانية‬
(dīmūqrāṯīya) the German Democratic ‫ جان‬jānn jinn, demons
Republic ‫ مَجنون‬majnūn pl. ‫ مَجانين‬majānīn2
‫ تجمهر‬tajamhur gathering (of people; possessed, obsessed; insane, mad;
crowd madman, maniac, lunatic; crazy, cracked;
crackpot; foolish; fool
‫ جن‬janna u (jann, ‫ جنون‬junūn) to cover, hide,
conceal, veil (‫ على‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.); to descend, ‫ جنب‬janaba u to avert, ward off (‫ هـ ه‬from s.o.
fall, be or become dark (night); pass. s.th.) II to keep away, avert, ward off (‫هـ ه‬
junna: to be or become possessed, insane, from s.o. s.th.), keep s.o. (‫ )ه‬out of the way
mad, crazy│ ‫( جن جنونه‬junūnuhū) to get of (‫)هـ‬, spare (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. s.th.) III to be or
madly excited, become frantic II to craze, walk by s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬side; to run alongside of
make crazy, drive insane, madden, enrage, (‫)هـ‬, run parallel to (‫)هـ‬, skirt, flank (‫هـ‬
infuriate (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to cover, veil, hide, s.th.); to avoid (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to avoid (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
conceal (‫ هـ‬s.th.); = II; V to go mad, ‫ ه‬s.o.); to keep away (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬from), steer
become crazy X to be covered, veiled, clear, get out of the way (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of) VI and
concealed; to regard (‫ ه‬s.o.) as crazy, think VIII = V; VIII to be at the side of (‫)هـ‬, run
(‫ ه‬s.o.) mad side by side with (‫)هـ‬, run alongside of (
‫)هـ‬, skirt, flank (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫( جن‬coll.) jinn, demons (invisible beings,
either harmful or helpful, that interfere ‫ جنب‬janb pl. ‫ جنوب‬junūb, ‫ اجناب‬ajnāb
with the lives of mortals) side; janba (prep.) beside, next to, near,
at│‫( جنبا الى جنب‬also ‫ )جنبا لجنب‬side by side;
‫ جنى‬jinnī demonic; jinni, demon ‫( بين جنبيه‬janbaihi) inside (it), within; ‫مَا بين‬
‫ جنية‬jinnīya female demon ‫( جنبيه‬baina janbaihi) what it contains,
comprises, its contents; ‫ على جنب‬aside,
‫ جنة‬janna pl. -at, ‫ جنان‬jinān garden;
apart; ‫ ذات الجنب‬pleurisy
paradise│ ‫ جنات النعيم‬paradise; ‫ساكن الجنان‬
inhabitant of paradise, deceased person, ‫ جنبة‬janba pl. janabāt side; region,
one of blessed memory area│ ‫ فى جنباته‬in it, within, wide; ‫ضمه بين‬
‫( جنباته‬ḍammahū) to comprise, hold,
‫ جنينة‬junaina pl. -āt, ‫ جنائن‬janā’in2 little
contain s.th.; ‫ جنبات الغرفة‬j. al-gurfa the
garden; garden
whole room; ‫ بين جنبات الغرفة‬in (the middle
‫ جنائنى‬janā’inī gardener of) the room; ‫ زاخر الجنبات‬crammed, chock-
‫ جنة‬jinna possession, obsession; mania, full, brimful, filled to overflowing or
madness, insanity bursting

‫ جنة‬junna pl. ‫ جنن‬junan protection, ‫ جنبى‬janbī lateral, side (adj.)


shelter, shield ‫ جنب‬junub in a state of major ritual
‫ جنان‬janān pl. ‫ اجنان‬ajnān heart, soul impurity; not belonging to the tribe, not a
kinsman│ ‫الجار الجنب‬the neighbor not ‫ رحب الجوانب‬raḥb al-j. roomy; spacious,
belonging to the family unconfined; ‫ رقيق الجانب‬friendly, amiable,
gentle; ‫ مَرهوب الجانب‬feared, dreaded; ‫عزيز‬
‫ جناب‬jināb (title of respect) approx.:
‫ الجانب‬powerful, mighty, strong; ‫عزة الجانب‬
Right Honorable; ‫ جنابكم‬Your Honor; you
‘izzat al-j. power; ‫ مَهيب الجانب‬mahīb al-j.
(polite form)
dreaded, respected; ‫ فى جوانب الدار‬about the
‫ جنابة‬janāba major ritual impurity (Isl. house, all over the house; often = ‫فى جوانبه‬
Law) ‫فيه‬
‫ جناب‬junāb (= ‫ )ذات الجنب‬pleurisy ‫ جانبى‬jānibī lateral, side, by- (in
‫ جنوب‬janūb south; ‫ جنوبا‬janūban compounds)
southward, to the south ‫ اجنبي‬ajnabī foreign, alien; (pl. -ūn, ‫اجانب‬
‫ جنوب‬janūbī southern│ ‫ جنوبى افريقيا‬South ajānib2 foreigner, alien│‫ البلد الجنبية‬the
Africa foreign countries, the outside world; ‫فرقة‬
‫ الَجانب‬firqat al-ajānib the Foreign Legion
‫ جنب‬jānib pl. ‫ جوانب‬jawānib2 side; lateral
portion; sidepiece; flank; wing; face ‫ جنابية‬gannābīya pl. –āt (eg.) curb;
(geom.); part, portion, partial amount; embankment, levee; side channel, lateral
partial view, section (‫ مَن‬of a scene, picture (following a road or railroad tracks);
or panorama); quantity, amount; a certain bypass (of a lock or sluice)
number (‫ مَن‬of), a few, some│ ‫ مَن جانبه‬on ‫ تجنب‬tajannub avoidance
his part; ‫ مَن جانب – مَن جانب آخر‬on the one
‫ اجتناب‬ijtināb avoidance
hand -- on the other hand; ‫ الى جانبه‬to him,
to his address; at his (its) side, next to him ‫ مَجنبة‬mujanniba flank, wing (of an
(it); ‫ بجانبه‬beside him (it), next to him (it); army
‫ الى جانب‬and ‫ بجانب‬side by side with; in ‫ جنبري‬see ‫جمبري‬
addition to; apart from, aside from; ‫وضعه‬
‫ جانبا‬to put s.th. aside; ‫ ودعه جانبا‬to leave ‫ جنباز‬junbāz, ‫ جمباز‬calisthenics; gymnastics;
s.th. aside, omit s.th.; ‫ فى جانب‬in athletics
comparison with, as compared with, as ‫ جنبازي‬junbāzī (‫ )جمبازي‬calisthenic(al),
against; regarding, with regard to; ‫مَا بين‬ gymnastic│ ‫ الَلعاب الجمبازية‬gymnastic
‫ جوانبهم‬their hearts; ‫ جانبا الفم‬jānibā l-fam the exercises, physical exercises
comers of the mouth; ‫ جانب مَن‬a
considerable, or certain, degree of; a ‫ جنح‬janaḥa a (‫ جنوح‬junūḥ) to incline, be
considerable amount of, a good deal of; ‫جان‬ inclined, tend (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to); to lean (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬
‫ ب كبير مَن‬a great deal of, a large portion of; to or toward); to turn, go over (‫ الى‬to), join
‫ على جانب كبير مَن‬he is very …; ‫كان على جانب‬ (‫ الى‬s.th.), associate o.s. (‫ الى‬with); to
‫( عظيم مَن الكرم‬karam) to be very generous; strand (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬on a coast; ship); to
‫( على جانب عظيم مَن الَهمية‬ahammīya) of diverge, deviate, depart (‫ عن‬from); to turn
great importance; ‫على اعظم جانب مَن الخطورة‬ away (‫ عن‬from), break (‫ عن‬with) II to
‘alā a‘ẓami jānibin min al-kuṯūra of provide (‫ هـ‬s.th.) with wings, lend wings (
utmost importance, of greatest ‫ هـ‬to s.th.) IV to incline, be inclined, tend (
significance; ‫ فى كل جانب‬everywhere, on all ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to); to lean (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to or toward);
sides; ‫( خفض له جانبه‬ḳafaḍa, jānibahū) to to turn (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.th.); to strand (ship)
show o.s. condescending, affable or ‫ جنح‬jinḥ side
gracious to s.o.; to meet s.o. on fair terms;
‫ امَن جانبه‬amina jānibahū to be safe from ‫ جنح‬junḥ, jinḥ darkness gloom│ ‫فى جنح‬
s.o.; ‫( لم اعره جانب اهتمام‬u‘irhu) I paid not ‫( الليل‬j. il-lail) in the dark of night, under
the least attention to him; (‫ هاب‬،‫خاف )رهب‬ cover of night; ‫( بين جنحي الكرى‬junḥay il-
‫( جانبه‬jānibahū) to fear s.o., be afraid of karā) lit.: between the two halves of
s.o.; ‫ مَلك الجانب‬milk al-j. crown lands; ‫جانب‬ slumber, i.e., at night when everyone’s
‫ الميري‬j. al-mīrī (eg.) fisc, treasury; ‫لين‬ asleep
‫ الجانب‬layyin al-j. gentle; docile, tractable,
compliant; ‫ لين الجانب‬līn al-j. gentleness;
‫ جنحة‬junḥa pl. ‫ جنح‬junaḥ misdemeanor ‫ جندرة‬gandara mangling (of laundry);
(jur., less than a felony, ‫جناية‬, and more press; O rotary press (typ.)
than an infraction, ‫)مَخالفة‬ 2
‫ جندارى‬look up alphabetically
‫ جناح‬janāḥ pl. ‫ اجنحة‬ajniḥa, ‫ اجنح‬ajnuḥ ‫ جندرمَة‬žandarma gendarmery
wing (of a bird. of an airplane, of a
building, of an army); side; flank│ ‫انا فى‬ ‫ جندرمَى‬žandarmī gendarme
‫ جناحه‬I am under his protection; ‫على جناح‬ ‫ جندفلى‬ganduflī (eg.) oysters 140
‫ الَثير‬over the ether, by radio; ‫على جناح‬ 1
‫( السرعة‬j. is-sur‘a) with winged haste ‫ جندل‬jandala to throw to the ground, bring
down, fell (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ جناح‬junāḥ misdemeanor (jur.); sin│ َ‫ل‬
‫( جناح عليه‬junāḥa) it won’t be held against ‫ جندل‬jandal pl. ‫ جنادل‬janādil2 stone; pl. ‫جن‬
him if he ... ; it won't do any harm if he … ‫ ادل‬cataract, waterfall (eg.)
2
‫ اجنح‬ajnaḥ2 more inclined (‫ الى‬to ‫ جندول‬gundūl (eg.) pl. ‫ جناديل‬ganādīl2 gondola
‫ جنوح‬janūḥ inclined (‫ الى‬s.th.) ‫ جنرال‬jenərāl, ginrāl (eg.) general (military
rank)
‫ جنوح‬junūḥ inclination, leaning, bent,
tendency (‫ الى‬to) ‫ جنز‬II to say the burial prayers, conduct the
funeral service (‫ ه‬for the deceased; Chr.)
‫ جانح‬jāniḥ side, flank, wing
2
‫ جنازة‬jināza, janāza pl. -āt ‫ جنائز‬janā’iz2
‫ جانحة‬jāniḥa pl. ‫ جوانح‬jawāniḥ rib; pl. bier; funeral procession
also bosom, heart, soul│‫ بين جوانحي‬in my
bosom, at heart; ‫( طفرت جوانحها‬ṭafarat) she ‫ جناز‬junnāz pl. ‫ جنانيز‬janānīz2 requiem,
became happily excited, she trembled with funeral rites, obsequies; funeral
joy procession
‫ مَجنح‬mujannaḥ winged ‫ جنزبيل‬janzabīl (= ‫ )زنجبيل‬ginger
1
‫ جند‬II to draft, conscript, enlist, recruit (‫ ه‬s.o.; ‫ جنزير‬janzara (= ‫ )زنجر‬to be or become
mil.); to mobilize (‫ هـ‬an army, ‫ على‬against) covered with verdigris
V to be drafted, be conscripted, be enlisted ‫ جنزار‬jinzār (=‫ )زنجار‬verdigris
(for military service) 2
‫ جنزير‬jinzīr (= ‫ )زنجير‬pl. ‫ جنازير‬janāzīr2 chain;
‫ جند‬jund m. and f., pl. ‫ جنود‬junūd, ‫اجناد‬ track (of a caterpillar, of a tank, etc.); a
ajnād soldiers; army│‫ جند الخلص‬j. al- linear measure (= 5 qaṣaba = 17.75 m;
ḳalāṣ Salvation Army also = 20 m; Eg.)│‫ طارة جنزير‬ṭārat j. track
‫ جندى‬jundī pl. ‫ جنود‬junūd soldier, sprocket, sprocket wheel
private│ ‫( جندى اول‬awwal) private first ‫ مَجنزر‬mujanzar track-laying (vehicle)
class (Ir., Syr.); ‫( جندى مَستجد‬mustajidd)
recruits (Ir., Syr.); ‫ الجندي المجهول‬the ‫ جنس‬II to make alike, make similar (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
Unknown Soldier assimilate, naturalize (‫ ه‬s.o.); to class,
classify, sort, categorize (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to be
‫ جندية‬jundīya military affairs, the army, akin, be related, similar (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to), be of the
the military; military service same kind or nature (‫ ه‬as s.o., ‫ هـ‬as s.th.),
‫ تجنيد‬tajnīd draft, enlistment (mil.) be like s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ )هـ‬resemble (‫ ه‬s.o.,
recruitment; mobilization│‫التجنيد الَجباري‬ ‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to have o.s. naturalized, acquire
(ijbārī) military conscription the citizenship (‫ ;)ب‬to be naturalized VI to
be akin, related, of the same kind or
‫ تجند‬tajannud military service nature, homogeneous
‫ مَجند‬mujannad recruit ‫ جنس‬jins pl. ‫ اجناس‬ajnās kind, sort,
‫ جندارى‬gindārī standard-bearer, comet (Eg.) variety, species, class, genus; category;
sex (male, female); gender (gram.); race;
‫ جندب‬jundub pl. ‫ جنادب‬janādib2 grasshopper nation│ ‫اسم الجنس‬ism al-j. (gram.) generic
1
‫ جندر‬gandara (eg.) to mangle (‫ هـ‬laundry) noun, collective noun of nonpersonal
things (which form a n. un. in ‫الجنس ;)ة‬ s.o.); to harm (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.) V to
‫( البشري‬bašarī) the human race; ‫ابناء جنسنا‬ incriminate, accuse, charge with a crime (
abnā’ jinsinā our fellow tribesmen; ‫هو‬ ‫ على‬s.o.), lay the blame (‫ على‬on s.o.),
‫ مَصري الجنس‬he is Egyptian by nationality; ‫ا‬ blame (‫ على‬s.o.); to act meanly VIII to
‫ لجنس اللطيف‬the fair sex; ‫ الجنس الخشن‬the gather, harvest (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
strong sex ‫ جنى‬jany harvest; reaping (fig.); -- janan
‫ جنسي‬jinsī generic; sexual; racial (coll.) fruits
‫ لَجنسي‬lā-jinsī asexual, sexless ‫ جناية‬jināya pl. -āt perpetration of a
crime; felony (jur.; in the strictly legal
‫ جنسية‬jinsīya pl. -āt nationality,
sense, more than a misdemeanor, ‫جنحة‬, and
citizenship
an infraction, ‫)مَخالفة‬, capital offense │
‫ تجنيس‬tajnīs naturalization; paronomasia ‫ مَحكمة الجنايات‬maḥkamat al-j. criminal
(rhet.) court
‫ جناس‬jinās (rhet.) assonance, pun, ‫ جنائي‬jinā’ī criminal│ law ‫مَحكمة جنائية‬
paronomasia (maḥkama) criminal court; ‫القانون الجنائي‬
‫ مَجانسة‬mujānasa relatedness, kinship, criminal law, penal law
affinity; similarity, likeness, resemblance ‫ مَجنى‬majnan pl. ‫ مَجان‬majānin that which
‫ تجنس‬tajannus acquisition of citizenship, is picked or harvested, a crop; source of
naturalization profit or advantage

‫تجانس‬tajānūs homogeneity, ‫ تجن‬tajannin incrimination, accusation (


homogeneousness; likeness, similarity, ‫ على‬of s.o.); mean way of acting, low,
resemblance underhand dealings

‫ مَجانس‬mujānis similar, like, related; ‫ جان‬jānin pl. ‫ جناة‬junāh perpetrator (of a


homogeneous delict); delinquent, criminal

‫ مَتجنس‬mutajannis naturalized ‫ مَجنى عليه‬majnīy ‘alaih, harmed, injured;


aggrieved party; victim of a crime
‫ مَتجانس‬mutajānis akin, related, of the
same kind or nature, homogeneous ‫( جنيف‬Fr. Geneve) žənēf Geneva

‫( جنطيانا‬Lat. Gentiana) gentian (eg.) ‫( جنيه‬Engl. guinea) ginēh, also gunaih pl. –āt
1
pound (eg.)│(‫ جنيه انجليزي )استرليني‬pound
‫جنف‬VI to deviate (‫ عن‬from); to incline, be sterling, English pound; ‫جنيه مَصري‬
inclined (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.th.) Egyptian pound (abbreviation: ‫)ج م‬
2
‫ جنيف‬look up alphabetically ‫ جهة‬see ‫وجه‬
‫ جنفاص‬junfāṣ, ‫ جنفيص‬junfaiṣ sackcloth, sacking ‫ جهبذ‬jahbad pl. ‫ جهابذة‬jahābida man endowed
‫ جنك‬junk pl. ‫ جنوك‬junūk harp with a critical mind; great scholar; bright,
brilliant, intelligent
‫ جنوا‬janowā Genoa (seaport in NW Italy)
‫ جهد‬jahada a (jahd) to endeavor, strive, labor,
‫ جنى‬janā i (jany) to pick, gather, harvest, reap ( take pains, put o.s. out; to over-work,
‫ هـ‬s.th., also the fruits of one’s work); to overtax, fatigue, exhaust (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to
pocket, rake in, collect (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to derive endeavor, strive; to fight (‫ فى سبيل الشيء‬for
(‫ هـ‬profit, ‫ مَن‬from); to secure, realize (‫هـ‬ s.th.); t.o wage holy war against the
profits, an advantage); to incur (‫ هـ‬evil, infidels IV to strain, exert (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tire,
harm, punishment); to cause, 141 provoke, wear out, fatigue (‫ ه‬s.o.), give trouble (‫ه‬
bring about (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- (‫ جناية‬jināya) to to)│‫( اجهد نفسه فى‬nafsahū) to go to great
commit a crime, an outrage (‫ على‬on); to lengths, go out of one’s way (‫ في‬for or in
offend, sin (‫ على‬against); to commit, s.th.); ‫( اجهد فكره فى‬fikrahū) to concentrate
perpetrate (‫ ذنبا‬,‫ جناية‬danban a crime, an on, put one's mind to, apply o.s. t.o VIII to
offense; ‫على‬, less frequently ‫الى‬, on or put o.s. out (‫ فى‬for s.th.), work hard; (Isl.
against); to inflict (‫ هـ‬some evil, ‫ على‬on Law) to formulate an independent
judgment in a legal or theological question theological matters, based on the
(based on the application of the 4 uṣūl; as interpretation and application of the four
opposed to taqlid, q.v.) uṣūl, as oppoeed to muqallid, q.v.
‫ جهد‬jahd pl. ‫ جهود‬juḥūd strain; exertion; ‫ جهر‬jahara a (jahr, ‫ جهار‬jihār) to be brought to
endeavor, attempt, effort; trouble, pains ( light, come out, show, appear; -- to declare
‫ فى‬on behalf or for the sake of s.th.); O publicly, announce (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to avow
voltage, tension (el.)│‫ جهد جهده‬jahada in public, proclaim (‫ ب‬s.th.); to raise (‫هـ‬
jahdahū, also ‫ عمل )حاول( جهده‬to do (try) the voice); -- jahura u (‫ جهارة‬jahāra) to be
one’s utmost, do (try) all in one’s power, loud, be clearly audible (voice) III to
make every conceivable effort; ‫بجهد جهيد‬ declare or say openly, voice, utter, express
bi-jahdin jahīdin with great difficulty, by frankly (‫ ب‬s.th.)
dint of atrenuous efforts; ‫ بعد جهد جهيد‬after ‫ جهر‬jahr and ‫ جهار‬jihār publicness,
a lot of trouble O ‫‘( جهد عال‬ālin) high publicity, notoriety; ‫ جهرا‬jahran and ‫جهارا‬
tension (el.) jihāran publicly, in public
‫ جهد‬juhd strain, exertion; juhda (used ‫ جهرة‬jahratan openly, overtly, frankly,
prepositionally) to the limit of ... │ ‫جهد‬ publicly
‫ الطاقة‬juhda ṭ-ṭāqa as far as possible, as
much as possible; ‫ جهد طاقته‬j. ṭāqatihī as ‫ جهري‬jahrī notorious, well-known,
much as he can, to the limit of his public
abilities; ‫ جهد امَكانه‬juhda imkānihī do.; ‫جهد‬ ‫ جهير‬jahīr loud (voice, shout)
‫ مَا‬juhda mā as much as. to the limits of
what ... ; ‫ جهدي‬juhdī as far as I can ‫ اجهر‬ajhar2 day-blind
‫ جهيد‬jahīd see ‫ جهد‬jahd ‫ اجهر‬ajhar2 (elative) louder, more
audible
‫ جهاد‬jihād fight, battle; jihad, holy war
(against the infidels, as a religious duty) ‫ جمهري‬jahwarī loud (voice)
‫ جهادي‬jihādī fighting, military ‫ مَجهر‬mijhar loud-voiced
‫ مَجاهدة‬mujāhada fight, battle ‫ مَجهر‬mijhar pl. ‫ مَجاهر‬majāhir2
microsoope
‫ اجهاد‬ijhād exertion; overexertion,
overstrain(ing) 142 ‫ مَجهرى‬mijharī microscopic(al)
‫ اجتهاد‬ijtihād effort, exertion, endeavor, ‫ مَجهار‬mijhār loud-voiced; O
pains, trouble; application, industry, loudspeaker
diligence; (Isl. Law) independent ‫ مَجاهرة‬mujāhara franknees, candor (of
judgment in a legal or theological one’s words)
queetion, based on the interpretation and
application of the 4 uṣūl, as opposed to ‫ جهز‬jahaza a to finish off (‫ على‬a
taqlīd, q.v.; individual judgment wounded man), deliver the coup de grace
to (‫ )على‬II to make ready, prepare (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
‫ مَجهود‬majhūd pl. -āt endeavor, effort, to arrange (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to provide, supply (‫هـ‬
exertion, pains, trouble, work; O voltage, s.th.); to equip, fit out, furnish, supply,
tension (el.)│‫ بذل مَجهوداته‬to make every provide (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th. or s.o. with) IV to
effort, go to greatest lengths finish off (‫ على‬a wounded man), deliver
‫ مَجاهد‬mujāhid pl. -ūn fighter, freedom the coup de grace to (‫ ;)على‬to finish, ruin (
fighter; warrior; sergeant (Eg. 1939) ‫ على‬s.o.) V to he equipped, furnished,
supplied, provided; to equip o.s.; to
‫ مَجهد‬mujhid strenuous, exacting, trying, prepare o.s., get ready; to be ready, be
grueling; -- mujhad overworked, prepared
exhausted
‫ جهاز‬jahāz (alas pronounced jihāz) pl.
‫ مَجتهد‬mujtahid diligent, industrious; (pl. -āt, ‫ اجهزة‬ajhiza equipment, appliances,
-ūn) mujtahid, a legist formulating outfit, gear, rig; trousseau; contrivance,
independcnt decisions in legal or gadget; implement, appliance, utensil;
installation, apparatus (techn.); system, know nothing X to consider ignorant or
apparatus (anat.) │ ‫( جهاز لَسلكي‬lā-silkī) stupid (‫ ه‬s.o.)
wirelees set, radio; ‫ جهاز راديو‬radio ‫ جهل‬jahl and ‫ جهالة‬jahāla ignorance;
(receiving set); O ‫( جهاز مَستقبل‬mustaqbil), folly, foolishness, stupidity│ ‫ عن جهل‬out of
O ‫جهاز الَستقبال‬, O ‫ جهاز الَلتقاط‬receiver, ignorance
receiving set (radio); ‫( جهاز مَذيع‬muḍī‘), O
‫ جهاز الَرسال‬j. al-irsāl transmitter (radio); ‫ جهول‬jahūl ignorant; foolish, stupid
‫ جهاز تليفزيوني‬television set; ‫ جهاز الحفر‬j. ‫ مَجهل‬majhal pl. ‫ مَجاهل‬majāhil2
al-ḥafr drilling rig; oil derrick; ‫جهاز دوري‬ unknown region, unexplored territory │ َ‫م‬
(daurī) circulatory system (anat.); ‫جهاز‬ ‫ جاهل افريقيا‬unknown Africa
‫ لتسجيل الَهتزازات الَرضية‬or ‫جهاز قياس الهزات‬
‫( الَرضية‬hazzāt, arḍīya)seismograph; ‫جهاز‬ ‫ تجهيل‬tajhīl stultification
‫( سري‬sirrī) secret organization, ‫ تجاهل‬tajāhul ignoring, disregard(ing)
underground organization; ‫جهاز الاستماع‬
sound locator; ‫‘( الجهاز العصبي‬aṣabī) the ‫ جاهل‬jāhil pl. ‫ جهلة‬jahala, ‫ جهل‬juhhal, ‫جها‬
nervous system; ‫ جهاز الهضم‬j. al-haḍm ‫ ل‬juhhāl, ‫ جهلء‬juhalā’ not knowing (‫ب‬
digestive apparatus s.th., how to do s.th.); ignorant,
uneducated, illiterate; foolish; fool
‫ تجهيز‬tajhīz equipment, furnishment;
preparation; pl. ‫ تجهيزات‬equipment, gear ‫ جاهلى‬jāhilī pagan, of or pertaining to
144 pre-Islamic times

‫ تجهيزي‬tajhīzī preparatory; (of a school) ‫ جاهلية‬jāhilīya state of ignorance; pre-


preparing for college Islamic paganism, pre-Islamic times

‫ جاهز‬jāhiz ready, prepared; readymade; ‫ مَجهول‬majhūl unknown; anonymous


equipped │ ‫ مَلبوسات( جاهزة‬or) ‫( البسة‬albisa) (also ‫ مَجهول الَسم‬m. al-ism); pl. ‫مَجاهيل‬
ready-made clothes majāhīl2 unknown things│ ‫صيغة المجهول‬
ṣīgat al-m. passive (gram.)
‫ مَجهز‬mujahhaz equipped, provided,
furnished, supplied (‫ ب‬with); armed (‫ب‬ ‫ مَجهولية‬majhūlīya being unknown,
with guns; of a ship, tank, etc.) unknown nature

‫ جهش‬IV to sob, break into sobs│ ‫اجهش بالبكاء‬ ‫ جهم‬jahuma u (‫ جهامَة‬jahāma, ‫ جهومَة‬juhūma) to
(bukā’) to be on the verge of tears, frown, glower V to frown, scowl, glower;
struggle with tears; to break into tears to regard with displeasure (,‫ هـ ه‬or ‫ ل‬s.o. or
s.th.), frown (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ل‬on); to eye gloomily,
‫ جهشة‬jahša (n. vic.) pl. -āt sob; outburst coolly, grimiy (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.); to
of tears become sullen, gloomy (face)
‫ اجهاش‬ijhāš outburst of tears ‫ جهم‬jahm sullen, glum, morose, gloomy
‫ جهض‬IV to bear young ones, litter; to have a (face)
miscarriage (woman)│ ‫اجهضت نفسها‬ ‫ جهام‬jahām clouds
(nafsahā) she induced an abortion
‫ جهامَة‬jahāma and ‫ جهومَة‬juhūma grim
‫ جهض‬jihḍ miscarried fetus look, sullen expression; gloominoss;
‫ جهيض‬jahīḍ miscarried fetus brooding silence
‫ اجهاض‬ijhāḍ miscarriage, abortion; ‫ جهنم‬jahannam2 (f.) hell
induced abortion ‫ جهنمي‬jahannamī hellish, infernal
‫ جهل‬jahila a (jahl, ‫ جهالة‬jahāla) to be ignorant; ‫ جو‬jaww pl. ‫ اجواء‬ajwā’, ‫ جواء‬jiwā’ (pl.
not to know (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th., how to do s.th.); frequently with singnlar meaning) air;
to be irrational, foolish; to behave atmosphere (also fig.); sky; weather;
foolishly (‫ على‬toward) VI to ignore (‫هـ‬ sphere, milieu, environment; ‫ جوا‬jawwan
s.th.); to refuse to have anything to do (‫هـ‬ by air; by telegraph, telegraphically│ ‫بريد‬
with), shut one’s eyes (‫ هـ‬to), disregard (‫هـ‬ ‫ الجو‬air mail; ‫ طبقات الجو‬ṭabaqāt al-j. air
a fact); to affect ignorance, pretend to
layers; ‫( فى جو مَمطر‬mumṭir) in rainy resonate (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.th.), be in resonance
weather with (phys.); -- ‫ استجوب‬istajwaba to
interrogate, examine, question (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
‫ جوى‬jawwī air, aerial, aero- (in
hear (‫ ه‬the defendant or witn...); to
compounds); airy, atmospheric(al);
interpellate (‫ ه‬s.o.; in parliament)
weather (used attributively),
meteorologic(al)│‫( الضغط الجوي‬ḍagṯ) ‫ جوب‬jaub travening, touring, exploration
atmospheric pressure; ‫( طبقات جوية‬ṭabaqāt) (of foreign countries); piercing,
air layers; ‫( اسطول جوي‬usṭūl) air fleet; ‫غارة‬ penetration
‫ جوية‬air raid; ‫( القوات الجوية‬quwāt) air force; ‫ جوبة‬jauba pl. -āt, ‫ جوب‬juwab opening,
‫ الملحة الجوية‬aviation; ‫( مَيناء جوية‬mīnā’) gap; hole, pit
airport; ‫ ارصاد جوية‬meteorological
observations; ‫( حجر جوي‬ḥajar) meteorite ‫ جواب‬jawāb pl. ‫ اجوبة‬ajwiba answer,
reply; octave (to a given tone; mus.); (eg.;
‫( جوا‬colloq.) jawwā (pronounced gūwa pronounced gawāb pl. -āt) letter,
in Eg.) in it, within; inside message│‫ جواب الشرط‬j. aš-šarṭ, main
‫ جوانى‬jawwānī, juwwānī inner, inside, clause (conclusion) of a conditional
interior sentence, apodosis
‫ جوافة‬guwāfa (eg.) guava (fruit); guavshrub ‫ جوابى‬jawābī answering (used
attributively)
‫( جوال‬eg.) guwāl pl. -āt sack
‫ جواب‬jawwāb traverser (of foreign
‫( جوانتي‬It. guanti; eg.) gloves
countries), traveler, explorer
1
‫( جوب‬Fr. jupe) skirt
‫ اجابة‬ijāba answer(ing), reply(ing),
2
(‫ جاب )جوب‬jāba u (jaub) to travel, wander (‫هـ‬ response, respondence; compliance;
through), traverse, roam, tour, explore (‫هـ‬ fulfillment, granting (of a request);
s.th., e.g., foreign lands); to pierce, accession, consent, assent│‫اجابة لطلبكم‬
penetrate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), cut through (‫ ;)هـ‬to ijābatan li-ṭalabikum, in compliance with
wander, cruise (‫ هـ‬about a place) III to your request; in answer to your request
answer (‫ ه‬s.‫ على‬,.‫ خ‬s.th.), reply, respond (‫ه‬
‫ تجاوب‬tajāwub agreement, conformity;
to s.o., ‫ على‬to s.th.); to comply (‫ هـ‬with),
harmony
accede (‫ هـ‬to) IV to answer (‫ ه‬or ‫ الى‬s.o., ‫عن‬
or ‫ على‬a question), reply, respond (‫ ه‬or ‫الى‬ ‫ استجابة‬istijāba hearing, answering (of a
to s.o., ‫ على‬to s.th.); to comply (‫ هـ‬with a prayer); granting, fulfillment (of a
request), accede, defer (‫ هـ‬to); to hear (‫ه‬ request); resonance; consonance (phys.)│ ‫ا‬
s.o.), accede to the request or wishes of ( ‫ ستجابة ل‬istijābatan li in compliance with,
‫ ;)ه‬to fulfill, grant (‫ هـ‬a wish); to consent, in answer to, in deference to
assent, agree (‫ الى‬to); to concur (‫ الى‬in)│ ‫ استجواب‬istijwāb pl. -āt interrogation,
‫ اجاب الى طلبه‬ṯalabihi) to comply with s.o.’s questioning; hearing; interview;
request VI to reply to one another; to echo interpellation (in parliament)
(‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬from); to ring out (voices); to be
(mutually) corresponding, harmonize; to ‫ مَتجاوب‬mutajāwib harmonious
be favorahle, propitious (‫ مَع‬to s.o.; ‫ مَستجيب‬mustajīb hearing, answering,
situation) VIl to scatter, break up, pass granting; reverberant, resonant,
over (clauds); to be dispelled, disappear, resonating; responsive, susceptible,
vanish (worries); to fade (darkness) X impressible 145
‫ استجاب‬to hear, answer (‫ هـ‬a prayer), grant (
‫ هـ‬a request); to comply with the request of ‫( جوت‬Engl.) jūt jute
(‫)ل‬, accede or defer to the wiohes of (‫;)ل‬ (‫ جاح )جوح‬jāḥa u and IV to annihilate, destroy,
to react (‫ ل‬to); to respond (‫ ل‬to, ‫ ب‬with), ruin; to flood, inundate (‫ هـ‬the land) VIII
listen, pay attention (‫ ل‬to), show interest ( do.; to carry away, sweep away (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ ل‬in); to meet, answer (‫ ب ل‬s.o. with), s.th.; storm); to put down, subdue, quell (
reply (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. with or hy doing s.th.); ‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a riot)
to resound, reverberate, re-echo; to
‫ اجاحة‬destruction, annihilation; crop ‫ جواد‬jawād pl. ‫ اجواد‬ajwād, ‫ اجاود‬ajāwid2,
damage; crop failure, bad harvest ‫ اجاويد‬ajawīd2, ‫ جود‬jūd openhanded, liberal,
generous, magnanimous; jawād pl. ‫جياد‬
‫ اجتياح‬ijtiyāḥ destruction, annihilation;
jiyād, ‫ اجياد‬ajyād, ‫ اجاويد‬ajāwīd2 race horse,
subdual, suppression
racer; charger │ ‫ابن الَجواد‬noble man
‫ جائح‬jā’iḥ crushing, devastating;
‫ تجويد‬tajwīd art of reciting the Koran,
disastrous
Koran reading (in accordance with
‫ جائحة‬jā’iḥa pl. ‫ جوائح‬jawā’iḥ2 calamity, established rule, of pronunciation and
disaster, ruin; epldemic; crop damage intonation)
‫ جوخ‬jūḳ pl. ‫ اجواخ‬ajwāḳ broadcloth ‫ مَجيد‬mujīd adept, efficient, proficient
(‫ جاد )جود‬jāda u (‫ جودة‬jūda) to be or become ‫ جودار‬jaudār see ‫( جاودار‬alphabetically)
good, become better, improve; -- (jūd) to
(‫ جار )جور‬jāra u (jaur) to deviate, stray (‫عن‬
grant generously (‫ ب‬s.th.), be so generous
from); to commit an outrage (‫ على‬on), bear
as to do s.th. (‫ ب‬with verbal noun); to be
down (‫ على‬upon), wrong, persecute,
liberal, openhanded (‫ ب‬with s.th., ‫على‬
oppress, tyrannize (‫ على‬s.o.); to encroach,
toward s.o.), bestow liberally (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫على‬
make inroads (‫ على‬on another’s territory)
upon s.o.), grant, give lavishly (‫ ب‬of s.th.,
III to be the neighbor of s.o. (‫)ه‬, live next
‫ على‬to s.o.), shower (‫ ب على‬s.o. with); to
door to (‫ ;)ه‬to be adjacent, be next (‫ هـ‬to
donate (‫ ب‬a sum of money, etc.) │‫جاد بنفسه‬
s.th.), adjoin (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be in the
to sacrifice o.s.; to give up the ghost; ‫جادت‬
immediate vicinity of (‫)ه هـ‬, be close to ( ,‫ه‬
‫‘( عيناه بالدمَع‬aināhu bi-d-dam‘) tears
‫ ;)هـ‬to border (‫ هـ‬on) IV to grant asylum or
welled from his eyes; ‫( جادت السماء‬heavens
a sanctuary (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to protect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫مَن‬
granted rain) it rained II to do well (‫هـ‬
from), take (‫ ه‬s.o.) under one’s wing; to
s.th.); to make better, improve, better,
stand by s.o. (‫)ه‬, aid (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to be
ameliorate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to recite (the Koran;
neighbors; to be adjacent; to have a
cf. ‫ )تجويد‬IV to do well, do excellently (‫هـ‬
common border X to seek protection, seek
s.th.); to master (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be skilled,
refuge (‫ ب‬with s.o., ‫ مَن‬from s.th.), appeal
proficient (‫ هـ‬in), be an expert (‫ هـ‬at), be
for aid (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ مَن‬against s.th.) 146
conversant (‫ هـ‬with an art or field of
knowledge); to accomplish or say good, ‫ جور‬jaur injustice; oppression, tyranny;
excellent thing; to achieve excellent outrage
results; to be excellent, outstanding, ‫ جار‬jār pl. ‫ جيران‬jīrān neighbor; refugee;
distinguish o.s. (e.g., as a poet) │‫اجاد لغة‬ protégé, charge
(lugatan) to master language; ‫اجاد العزف‬
‫‘( على البيانو‬azfa) to play the piano well X ‫ جارة‬jāra pl. -āt neighboress
to think (‫ هـ‬s.th.) good or excellent, ‫ جيرة‬jīra neighborhood
approve of (‫ ;)هـ‬to consider (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
suitable for or appropriate to (‫)ل‬ ‫ جورة‬jūra pl. ‫ جور‬juwar pit, hole
‫ جود‬jūd openhandedness, liberality, ‫ جورى‬see alphabetically
generosity ‫ جوار‬jiwār neighborhood, proximity; ‫بجوا‬
‫ جود‬jaud heavy rains ‫ ر‬in the neighborhood of, in the vicinity
of, near, close to
‫ جادة‬see under 2 ‫جد‬
‫ مَجاورة‬mujāwara neighborhood,
‫ جودة‬jūda goodness, excellence proximity
‫ جيد‬jayyid pl. ‫ جياد‬jiyād good, perfect, ‫ جائر‬jā’ir pl. ‫ جورة‬jawara, ‫ جارة‬jāra
faultless; outstanding, excellent, first-rate; unjust. unfair; tyrannical, despotic; tyrant,
good (as an examination grade); ‫جيدا‬ oppressor, despot
jayyidan well, excellently; thoroughly │ ‫ج‬
‫( يد جدا‬jidda) very good (also as an ‫ مَجاور‬mujāwir neighboring, adjacent;
examination grade) near, close by; (pl. -ūn) student (esp. of Al
‫ اجود‬ajwad2 better ,
Azhar University; living in the vicinity of surmount, overcome (‫ هـ‬a crisis) X to
the Mosque) deem permissible (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ask
permission
‫ ئمجير‬mujīr protector
‫ جوز‬jauz pl. ‫ اجواز‬ajwāz heart, center (of
‫ مَتجاور‬mutajāwir having a common
a desert, of a large area, etc.) │ ‫فى‬
border; adjoining, adjacent, contiguous
‫اجواز‬amid, in the middle of, in; ‫فى اجواز‬
‫ جورب‬jaurab pl. ‫ جوارب‬jawārib2 stocking; sock ‫( الفضاء‬faḍā’) in space
‫ جورجيا‬jorjiyā Georgia (republic of the ‫ جواز‬jawāz permissibility, admissibility;
U.S.S.R.) lawfulness, legality; permission, (official)
1
‫ جوري‬jūrī damask rose (Rosa damascena, permit, license, authorization; possibility,
bot.); crimson conceivability; passing (of an
2
examination) │ ‫ جواز السفر‬j. as-safar (pl.
‫( جوري‬Engl.) jūrī jury -āt) (traveling) passport 147
1
(‫ جاز )جوز‬jāza u (‫ جواز‬jawāz, ‫ مَجاز‬majāz) to ‫ مَجاز‬majāz crossing; passage; corridor
pass, come, travel (‫ هـ‬through); to pass (‫هـ‬ (pol.-georgr.); metaphor, figurative
an examination, a test); to be allowed, expression (rhet.) │‫ مَجازا‬majāzanl, ‫على‬
permitted, permissible; to be possible, ‫ سبيل المجاز‬figuratively, metaphorically
conceivable; to work, succeed (‫ عليه‬with
s.o.; deceit, artifice) │‫( جازت عليه الحيلة‬ḥīla) ‫ مَجازى‬majāzī figurative, metaphorical
the trick worked with him, he fell for the ‫ اجازة‬ijāza pl. -āt permission,
trick II to permit, allow (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to authorization; approval; license; = Fr.
approve (‫ هـ‬of), sanction, warrant, licence as an academic degree; permit;
authorize (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to pass (‫ هـ‬s.th. or by vacation, leave (of absence) │ ‫اجازة الحصر‬
s.th.), go or walk past s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to go i. al-ḥaṣr grant of patent, issue of letters
beyond s.th. (‫)هـ‬, overstep, cross, leave patent; patent; ‫( اجازة قنصلية‬qunṣulīya)
behind (‫ هـ‬s.th.), also, e.g., ‫جاوز الثلثين مَن‬ exequatur of a consul (dipl.); ‫اجازة مَرضية‬
‫‘( العمر‬umr) he is past thirty; to exceed, (maraḍīya) sick leave; ‫الَجازات المدرسية‬
surpass (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pass over s.th. (‫)عن‬, (madrasīya) school vacation; ‫غائب بالَجازة‬
disregard (‫ عن‬s.th.), pay no attention (‫عن‬ on leave, on vacation
to); to let (‫ عن‬s.th.) go unpunished; to give
‫ مَجاوزة‬mujāwaza and ‫ تجاوز‬tajāwuz
up, forgo, relinquish (‫ عن‬s.th.) IV to
crossing; exceeding; overdraft,
traverse, cross (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ الى‬on the way to);
overdrawing (of an account); disregard (
to permit, allow (‫ هـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to
‫ عن‬for); relinquishment (‫ عن‬of s.th.)
authorize (‫ هـ ل‬s.o. to do s.th., also ‫ ;)هـ ه‬to
license (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to approve, confirm, ‫ اجتياز‬ijtiyāz traversing, crossing;
endorse (‫ هـ‬a decision, a judgment); to passage; transit; covering (of a distance);
approve (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), sanction (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to passing (of an examination); surmounting
tolerate, suffer, bear VI to pass (‫ هـ‬s.th. or (of difficulties)
by s.th.), go or walk past s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to go ‫ جائز‬jā’iz permitted, lawful, legal;
beyond s.th. (‫)هـ‬, overstep, cross, leave conceivable, thinkable
behind (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to exceed, surpass (‫هـ‬
s.th., also ‫ ;)على‬to go too far, overstep all ‫ جائزة‬jā’iza pl. ‫ جوائز‬jawā’iz2 prize,
bounds, encroach, make inroads; to pass reward, premium │‫( جائزة دراسية‬dirāsīya)
over s.th. (‫)عن‬, disregard (‫ عن‬s.th.) pay no stipend, scholarship
attention (‫ عن‬to); to give up, forgo, ‫ مَجاز‬mujāz licensed; licentiate (as an
re1inquish (A s.th.); to refrain from) VIII academic title, = Fr. licencié; e.g., ‫مَجاز فى‬
to pass, run, go (‫ هـ‬through), cut across ( ‫ العلوم‬licencié ès sciences)
‫ ;)هـ‬to cross (‫ هـ‬a border, a street, a 2
mountain range); to traverse (‫ هـ‬a country ‫ جوز □ = زوج‬II to give in marriage
or sea); to cover (‫ هـ‬a distance); to pass (‫هـ‬ □ ‫ جوز‬jauz pl. ‫ اجواز‬ajwāz = ‫ زوج‬couple
through the mind; said of ideas, thoughts);
to go (‫ هـ‬through hard times or a crisis); to □ ‫( مَجوز‬syr.; pronounced məžwez, 
‫ مزوج‬muzwaj) wind instrument with a
double pipe, corresponding to the geological strata); northern (magr.) │ ‫مياه‬
Egyptian zummāra) ‫جوفية‬ground water 148
3
‫ الجوزاء‬al-jauzā’ Gemini (astron.) 1
‫ اجوف‬ajwaf2, f. ‫ جوفاء‬jaufā’, pl. ‫جوف‬
4
‫ جوز‬jauz (coll.; n. un. ‫ ة‬pl. -āt) walnut │ ‫جوز‬ jūf hollow; empty; vain, futile, inane,
pointless, senseless
‫ الطيب‬j. aṭ-ṭīb nutmeg; ‫ جوز القيء‬j. al-
qai’ nux vomioa; ‫ جوز الهند‬j. al-hind, ‫جوز‬ ‫ تجويف‬tajwīf pl. ‫ تجاواف‬tajāwīf2,
‫( هندي‬hindī) coconut; ‫ جوز القز‬j. alqazz hollow, cavity
cocoon, chrysalis of the silkworm ‫ مجوف‬mujawwaf hollowed out, hollow
‫ جوزة‬gōza (eg.) narghile ‫ جوق‬jauq pl. ‫ اجواق‬ajwāq and ‫جوقة‬
‫ جوزي‬jauzī nut (used attributively and jauqa pl. -āt troop, group; theatrical
in compounds); nut-brown, hazel troupe, operatic company; choir (mus.);
orchestra, band (also ‫│ )جوقة موسيقية‬
5
‫ جاز‬look up alphabetically
‫ مدير الجوق‬mudīr al-j. conductor,
‫ جوزل‬jauzal pl. ‫ جوازل‬jawāzil2 young pigeon bandleader, choir leader; ‫ جوقة الشرف‬j.
(‫ جاس )جوس‬jāsa u to peer around, pry aš-šaraf Legion of Honor
around, look around (‫ خلل‬kilāla in); to 1
(‫ جال )جول‬jāla u (jaul, ‫ جولة‬jaula, ‫تجوال‬
search, investigate, explore (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII tajwāl, ‫ جولان‬jawalān) to roam, rove,
to search, investigate, explore (‫ هـ‬s.th.) wander about; to move freely, be at home
(‫ في‬in a field of learning), occupy o.s. (
‫ جوسق‬jausaq pl. ‫ جواسق‬jawāsiq2 palace;
manor, villa ‫ في‬with); to be circulated, go the rounds;
to pass (‫ ب‬,‫ في‬through the mind)│ ‫جال‬
‫ جويطة‬gawīṭa pl. ‫ جوائط‬gawā’iṭ2 (eg.) dowel, ‫ برأسه‬to preoccupy s.o., engross s.o.’s
peg attention; (‫ما يجول في خاطره )بخاطره‬
(‫ جاع )جوع‬jā‘a u to be hungry; to starve II to what he is preoccupied with, what is on
cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to starve, starve out, famish his mind; ‫( جال الدمع في عينيه‬dam‘,
(‫ ه‬s.o.) IV do. ‘ainaihi) his eyes swam in tears; ‫جالت يده‬
‫( في‬yaduhū) he laid his hands on, he
‫ جوع‬jū‘ hunger, starvation │‫مات جوعا‬ committed defalcations of IV to circulate,
to starve to death
pass around (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │‫( اجال الرأي‬ra’ya)
‫ جوعان‬jau‘ān2, f. ‫ جوعى‬jau‘ā’, pl. ‫جياع‬ to weigh s.th. thoroughly, ponder s.th.;
jiyā‘ hungry, starved, famished ‫( اجال النظر‬naẓara) to let one’s eyes
wander about; to look around V to roam,
‫ مجاعة‬majā‘a pl. -āt famine
rove, wander about, move around; to
‫ جائع‬jā’i‘ pl. ‫ جياع‬jiyā‘,‫ جوع‬juwwa‘ patrol, go the rounds; to cruise; to tour,
hungry, starved, famished travel from place to place, travel about
‫ تجويع‬tajwī‘ starving out ‫ جولة‬jaula pl. -āt circuit, round; patrol;
excursion, outing; tour; (round) trip;
‫ اجاعة‬ijā‘a starving out
voyage, run (of a steamer); (round-trip)
‫ جوف‬II to make hollow, hollow out (‫ هـ‬s.th.) flight (of an airplane); round (in sports)
‫ جوف‬jauf pl. ‫ اجواف‬ajwāf hollow, ‫ جوال‬jawwāl wandering, migrant,
cavity; depression; interior, inside, center, itinerant, roving; cruising; traveling;
heart; belly, abdomen; north (magr.) │ ‫في‬ ambulant; traveler, tourist; see also
‫ جوف‬inside, in the interior of, in the alphabetically │ ‫رام جوال‬rāmin jawwāl
middle of; ‫( في جوف الليل‬j. il-lail) or pl. ‫ رماة جوالة‬rumāh jawwāla rifleman
‫( جوف الليل‬jaufa) in the middle of the (mil.; Syr.)
night ‫ جوالة‬jawwāla one given to roaming or
‫ جوفي‬jaufī inner, interior, inside; traveling; wanderer, wayfarer; O
subterranean, underground, subsurface (of motorcycle; cruiser
‫ تجوال‬tajwāl migration, wandering, ‫ جوهرة‬jauhara jewel, gem
roving, traveling; nomadic life, nomadism
‫ جوهري‬jauharī substantial; intrinsic,
‫ جولان‬jawalān migration, wandering, essential, inherent; fundamental, main,
roving, traveling; nomadic life, nomadism chief, principal; material; jeweler
│ ‫ جولان اليد‬j. al-yad embezzlement, ‫ جوهرجي‬jauharjī jeweler
defalcation
‫ مجوهرات‬mugauharāt (eg.) jewelry,
‫ مجال‬majāl pl. -āt room, space (‫ ل‬for trinkets; jewels, gems
s.th.); field, domain, sphere; scope, extent;
reach; range; elbowroom, free scope; play, 1
‫ جوى‬jawiya a (jawan) to be passionately
clearance; field (magn.)│ ‫ما ترك مجال‬ stirred by love or grief
‫( للشك‬šakk) to admit of no doubt; ‫ل مجال‬ ‫ جوى‬jawan ardent love, passion
‫( للطعن فيه‬majālan, ṭa‘n) (it is)
incontestable; ‫ في هذا المجال‬in this
2
‫ جاوى‬look up alphabetically
connection; ‫ودع المجال امامه فسيحا‬ ‫ جويدار = جاودار‬look up alphabetically
(amāmahū) to give s.o. a free hand, wide
(‫ جاء )جيء‬jā’a ‫ يجيء‬yajī’u (‫ مجيء‬majī’) to
scope of action; ‫( مجال حيوي‬ḥayawī)
come (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬to); to get (‫ هـ‬to), reach (‫ هـ‬a
lebensraum; ‫ مجال العمل‬m. al-‘amal field
place); to arrive; to bring (‫ ب‬s.th.; ‫ ب ه‬to
of activity; ‫( مجال مغنطيسي‬magnaṭīsī)
s.o. s.th.); to bring forth, produce (‫ب‬
magnetic field; ‫ شدة المجال‬šiddat al-m.
field intensity (magn.) s.th.); to set forth (‫ ب‬s.th.); to do,
perform; to commit, perpetrate (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
‫ تجول‬tajawwul roaming, roving, to occur, be mentioned, be said (‫ فى‬in an
wandering, migration; going out, moving article, document or book); (with foll.
about; patrol, round; (round) trip, tour; Imperf.) to be about or set out to do s.th. │
traveling │ ‫ منع التجول‬man‘ at-t. curfew ‫ جاء فى جريدة الهرام ان‬the newspaper
‫ بائع جاول‬bā’i‘ jāwil pl. ‫باعة جائلون‬ “Al Ahram” reports that ... ; ‫جاء من‬
peddler, hawker ‫ باريس ان‬a report from Paris says that ... ;
‫( جاءت نتائجه مطابقة ل‬muṭābiqatan) its
‫ متجول‬mutajawwil wandering, migrant, results coincided with ...
roaming, roving, itinerant; ambulant;
traveling; traveler │‫ وكيل متجول‬traveling ‫ جيئة‬jī’a, jai’a coming, arrival │ ‫جيئة‬
salesman; ‫( بياع متجول‬bayyā‘) peddler, ‫( وذهاب‬dahāb) coming and going, ‫ذهب‬
hawker; ‫( قسيس متجول‬qissīs) itinerant ‫ جيئة وذهابا‬to pace the floor, walk up and
preacher down
2
‫ جوال‬look up alphabetically ‫ مجيء‬majī’ coming, arrival, advent
‫ جولف‬golf golf (eg.) ‫ الجائيات‬al-jā’iyāt the things to come
‫ جام‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ جيب‬jaib pl. ‫ جيوب‬juyūb breast, bosom,
heart; sine (math.); hole, hollow, cavity,
‫ جون‬jūn pl ‫ اجوان‬ajwān gulf, inlet, bay excavation; pocket; purse │ ‫الجيب‬
‫ جونيلة‬,‫ جونل‬,‫( جونلة‬It. gonnella)gonella pl. ‫(الخاص‬ḳaṣṣ) the privy purse; ‫تمام الجيب‬
-āt (woman’s) skirt (eg.) 149 tamām al-j., ‫ جيب التمام‬cosine (math.);
‫ جاه‬look up alphabetically ‫ ساعة الجيب‬pocket watch; ‫مصروف‬
‫ الجيب‬pocket money; ‫الجيوب النفية‬
‫ جوهر‬II tajauhara to become substance (anfīya) the nasal sinuses (anat.); ‫جيوب‬
‫ جوهر‬jauhar pl. ‫ جواهر‬jawāhir2 ‫ المقاومة‬j. al-muqāwama pockets of
intrinsic, essential nature, essence; resistance (mil.)
content, substance (as opposed to form; ‫ جيبي‬jaibī pocket (adj.)
philos.); matter, substance; atom; jewel,
gem; pl. jewelry │‫( الزيف والجوهر‬zaif)
2
‫ جيب‬jīp, ‫ جيب‬jīb and ‫ سيارة جيب‬sayyārat j.
the spurious and the genuine jeep
‫( ﭽيت‬ir.) čīt a colorful cotton fabric, chintz ‫ جيوغرافيا‬jiyogrāfiyā geography │ ‫الجيوغرافيا‬
‫( البشرية‬bašarīya) anthropogeography
1
‫ جيد‬jīd pl. ‫ اجياد‬ajyād, ‫ جيود‬juyūd neck
‫ جيوفيزيا‬jiyofīziyā geophysics
2
‫ جيد‬jayyid see ‫جود‬
‫ جيوفيزيائي‬jiyofīziyā’ī geophysical │
3
‫ اجياد‬,‫ جياد‬see ‫جواد‬jawād
‫( السنة الجيوفيزيائية‬sana) the geophysical
1
‫ جير‬jairi surely, truly, verily year
2
‫ جير‬jīr lime ‫ جيوفيزيقي‬jiyofīzīqī geophysical
‫ جير‬jīrī calcareous, lime (adj.) ‫ جيولوجيا‬jiyolōjiyā geology
‫ جيار‬jayyār unslaked lime ‫ جيولوجي‬jiyolōjī geologic(al)
‫ جيارة‬jayyāra limekiln ‫ح‬
3
‫ جير‬II to endorse (fin.)
‫( جيرو‬It. giro) endorsement (fin.)
‫ حاء‬ḥā’ name of the letter ‫ح‬
4
‫ جيران‬,‫ جيرة‬see ‫جور‬
‫ حاخام‬ḥāḳām rabbi│‫ الحاخام الَكبر‬the chief rabbi
‫ جيزة‬gīza Giza (city in N Egypt); a brand of
‫ حؤول‬see ‫حول‬
Egyptian cotton
‫ حامَى‬ḥāmī Hamitic
(‫ جاش )جيش‬jāša i (‫ جيشان‬jayašān) to be
excited, be agitated; to rage, storm; to ‫ حان‬and ‫ حانة‬see ‫حين‬
boil, simmer II to levy troops, mobilize an ‫( حانبة‬pronounced ḥamba) pl. ‫ حوانب‬ḥawānib2
army X to raise, mobilize (‫ هـ‬an army, (formerly Tun.) hamba, palace gendarme
also, e.g., ‫ انصارا‬anṣāran followers) of the Bey of Tunis
‫ جيش‬jaiš pl. ‫ جيوش‬army, troops, ‫ حانوت‬see ‫حنو‬
armed forces │ ‫ جيش الحتلل‬occupation 1
‫ حب‬ḥabba i (ḥubb) to love, like II to evoke (
forces; ‫ جيش احتياطي‬army reserve; ‫جيش‬ ‫ الى‬in s.o.) love or a liking (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬for s.th. or
‫( مرابط‬murābiṭ) territorial army; ‫النقاذ‬ s.o.), make (‫ الى‬s.o.) love or like (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th.
‫ جيش‬j. al-inqād Salvation Army; ‫جيش‬ or s.o.); to endear (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to s.o.), make
‫ المساء‬al-masā’ dusk, evening twilight (‫ هـ‬s.th.) dear, lovable, attractive (‫ الى‬for
150 s.o.), make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) palatable, acceptable (
‫ جياش‬jayyāš agitated, impassioned; ‫ الى‬to s.o.); to urge (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. on s.o.),
excited, boiling up; ebullient; pleasurably suggest (‫ الى‬s.th. to s.o.) IV (‫ حب‬ḥubb, ‫مَحبة‬
excited, happily stimulated maḥabba) to love, like (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
wish, want, or like, to do s.th. (‫احب ان│)ان‬
‫ جيشان‬jayašān excitement, agitation; uḥibbu an I should like to ... ; ‫ احب له ان‬to
raging like about s.o. that he ... ; ‫لَ يحب الخير له‬
(‫ جاف )جيف‬jāfa i, II and V to be putrid, stink (ḳaira) he doesn’t want him to be happy,
(decaying cadaver) he grudges him everything V to show
love, reveal one’s affections (‫ الى‬to s.o.); to
‫ جيفة‬jīfa pl. ‫ جيف‬jiyaf, ‫ اجياف‬ajyāf endear o. s. (‫ الى‬to s.o.), make o.s. popular,
corpse, cadaver ingratiate o.s. (‫ الى‬with s.o.); to court, woo
‫ ﭽيكى‬čīkī Czech (‫ الى‬a woman) VI to love one another X to
like (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to deem (‫ هـ‬s.th.) desirable,
‫ جيل‬jīl pl. ‫ اجيال‬ajyāl people, nation, tribe; recommendable; to prefer (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to
generation; century; epoch, era s.th. else)
‫( جيلتي‬It. gelati) jēlātī ice cream ‫ حب‬ḥubb love; affection, attachment │
‫ جيم‬jīm name of the letter ‫ج‬ ‫ حب الذات‬ḥ. ad-dāt self-love, amour-propre;
‫ حب الَستطلع‬curiosity, inquisitiveness; ‫حب‬
‫( جين‬Fr. gaine) corselet, sheath corset (eg.) ‫ الوطن‬ḥ. al-waṭan patriotism; ‫حبا ل‬
(ḥubban) out of love or affection for, out ‫ مَستحب‬mustaḥabb (re)commendable,
of friendship for; ‫ حبا في‬in the desire to … desirable (said of acts whose neglect is not
punished by God, but whose performance
‫ حبي‬ḥubbī friendly, amicable, loving; ‫حبيا‬
is rewarded; Isl. Law); well-liked, popular
ḥubbīyan in an amicable manner,
2
amicably; by fair means (jur.) ‫ حب‬II to produce seed, go to seed (plant); to
bear seed (grain); to granulate, become
‫ حب‬ḥibb pl. ‫ احباب‬aḥbāb darling, dear,
granulated; to granulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to
dearest (one)
produce seed
‫ حباب‬ḥabāb aim, goal, end 151
‫ حب‬ḥabb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬grains; seed; --
‫ حبيب‬ḥabīb pl. ‫ احباء‬aḥibbā’2, ‫ احبة‬aḥibba, pl. ‫ حبوب‬ḥubūb grain, cereals, corn;
‫ احباب‬beloved, sweetheart, lover; darling; seed(s); grains, kernels; granules; pellets;
dear one, friend; dear (‫ الى‬to s.o.); popular; pills, pastilles; berries; acne, pustules,
‫ الَحباب‬the beloved ones, the dear ones pimples│‫ حب العزيز‬chufa (Cyperus
‫ حبيبة‬labība pl. ‫ حبائب‬ḥabā’ib2 esculentus L.; bot.); ‫ حب الفقد‬ḥ. al-faqad
sweet·heart, darling, beloved woman chaste tree (Vitex agous castus L.; bot.);
croton seeds (seeds of Croton tiglium;
‫ احب‬aḥabb2 dearer, more desirable, bot.); (magr.) cherries; ‫ حب الهال‬ḥ. al-hāl
preferable (‫ الى‬to s.o.) and (‫ حب الهان )حبهان‬ḥ. al-hān cardamom
‫ حبذا‬ḥabbadā (with foll. Nominative) (Amomum cardamomum L.; bot.); ‫حب‬
how nice, how lovely is ... ! how good, ‫ الغمام‬ḥ. al-gamām hail, hail-stones
excellent, perfect is …! │ ‫ حبذا لو‬how nice ‫ حبة‬ḥabba (n. un.; see also ‫ حب‬ḥabb) pl.
it would be if …; ‫ حبذا الحال لو فعل‬h. l-ḥālu -āt grain, granule; seed; kernel; pill,
lau fa‘ala it would be nice, or he would do pastille; berry; pustule, pimple; triviality,
well, if he did it; ‫( يا حبذا الحال‬ḥālu) that’s trille; a square measure (Eg.; = 58.345
just wonderful! m2); pl. ‫ حبات‬beads (of the rosary)│ ‫حبة‬
‫ مَحبة‬maḥabba love; affection, ‫ شعير‬ḥ. ša‘īr a linear measure (Eg.; =
attachment │‫ مَحبة الوطن‬m. al-waṭan 0.205 cm); ‫( حبة حلوة‬ḥulwa) aniseed; ‫حبة‬
patriotism ‫( سوداء‬saudā’) black caraway (Nigella
sativa L.; bot.); ‫ حبات الرمَال‬grains of sand;
‫ تحبب‬taḥabbub courtship, wooing ‫ حبة العين‬ḥ. al-‘ain eyeball; pupil (of the
‫ تحابب‬taḥābub mutual love, concord, eye); ‫ حبة القلب‬ḥ. al-qalb dearest one,
harmony beloved, darling
‫ مَحبوب‬maḥbūb beloved; dear; lovable, ‫ حبب‬ḥabab blister
desirable; popular; favorite; beloved one, ‫ حبيبة‬ḥubaiba pl. -āt little grain, small
lover; (pl. ‫ مَحابيب‬maḥābīb2) gold piece, kernel; small pimple or pustule
sequin (in Ottoman times; eg.)
‫ حبيبي‬ḥubaibī granular, granulated│ ‫الرمَد‬
‫ مَحبوبة‬maḥbūba sweetheart, darling, ‫( الحبيبي‬ramad) trachoma (med.)
beloved woman
‫ حبحب‬ḥabḥab (coll.) watermelon (hij.)
‫ مَحبب‬muḥabbab agreeable, pleasant,
desirable, lovable, dear (‫ الى‬to s.o.); nice, ‫ حباحب‬ḥubāḥib firefly, glowworm
likable ‫ حبذ‬II to approve, think wall (‫ هـ‬of s.th.),
‫ مَحب‬muḥibb pl. -ūn loving; lover; commend (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to applaud, acclaim,
fancier, amateur, fan; friend │‫مَحب الناس‬ cheer (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.)
philanthropic(al), affable; ‫ مَحبنا العزيز‬our ‫ حبذا‬see 1 ‫حب‬
dear friend; ‫ مَحبو الثار‬friends of archeology; ‫ تحييذ‬taḥyīd approval; acclamation,
‫( مَحب لذاته‬li-datihī) egoist acclaim, applause, cheering 152
‫ مَتحاب‬mutaḥābb loving one another, ‫ حبر‬ḥabara u (ḥabr) to gladden, make happy,
concordant delight (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ḥabira a (‫ حبور‬ḥubūr) to
be glad, happy II to embellish, refine,
make workmanlike (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to compose ( held up; to be impeded, held back; to
‫ هـ‬s.th.) in elegant style; to write, compose falter, break, fail (voice), stop (breath)
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ حبس‬ḥabs (act of) holding or keeping
‫ حبر‬ḥibr ink│‫ ام الحبر‬umm al-ḥibr squid, back, obstruction, check, repression;
cuttlefish; ‫( حبر على ورق‬waraq) mere ink blocking off, barring, confinement;
on paper, of no effect (e.g., an agreement, damming up, staving off; safekeeping,
a treaty) custody, retention; imprisonment, arrest,
detention, jailing; (pl. ‫ حبوس‬ḥubūs) prison,
‫ حبر‬ḥabr, ḥibr pl. ‫ احبار‬aḥbār a non-
jail │‫( حبس احتياطي‬iḥtiyāṭī) detention
Muslim religious authority, 1earned man,
(pending investigation); ‫حبس انفرادي‬
scribe; hishop; rabbi│‫ الحبر الَعظم‬the Pope;
(infirādī) solitary confinement; ‫حبس شديد‬
‫ سفر الَحبار‬sifr al-a. Leviticus (Old Test.)
penal servitude
‫ حبري‬ḥabrī pontifical │‫قداس حبري‬
‫ حبس‬ḥibs pl. ‫ احباس‬dam, weir, barrage
(quddās) pontifical mass (Chr.)
‫ حبس‬ḥubs, ḥubūs pl. ‫ احباس‬aḥbās (Tun.,
‫ حبرية‬ḥabrīya office or dignity of a
Alg. Mor. = waqf) inalienable property the
bishop, bishopric, pontificate
yield of which is devoted to pious
‫ حبرة‬ḥabara, ḥibara pl. -āt silken shawl purposes, religious bequest, (Fr. jur.)
or wrap (worn in public by ladies) “habous”│‫‘( حبس عام‬āmm) public habous,
‫ حبار‬ḥabār, ḥibār pl. -āt mark, trace ‫( حبس خاص‬ḳaṣṣ) private habous; ‫كان حبسا‬
(esp. of blows), welt, wale (‫ على ) = كان وقفا على‬to be entirely
dependent on …
‫حبور‬ḥubūr joy
‫ حبسة‬ḥubsa speech defect, impediment
‫ حباري‬ḥubārā pl. ‫ حباريات‬ḥubārayāt of speech
bustard (zool.)
‫ حبيس‬ḥabīs blocked-off, shut-off,
‫ يحبور‬yaḥbūr bustard chick (zool.) barred, confined, locked-up; secluded;
‫ مَحبر‬miḥbara, maḥbara pl. ‫مَحابر‬ bated (breath); choking (voice); (pl. ‫حبساء‬
maḥābir2 inkwell ḥubasā’2) hermit
‫ حبس‬ḥabasa i (ḥabs) to obstruct, shut off, ‫ مَحبس‬maḥbas, maḥbis pl. ‫مَحابس‬
confine (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), block, bar, hold maḥābis2 place where s.th. is confined or
back, check (‫ هـ‬s.th. ‫ عن‬from; also tears, locked up; jail, prison; (prison) cell 153
laughter, etc.); to withhold (‫ هـ عن‬from s.o. ‫ مَحبس‬miḥbas device for shutting off or
s.th.); to hold in custody, detain (‫ ه‬s.o.) to blocking off
apprehend, arrest, jail, imprison (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
keep, keep back, put aside, put away ( ‫على‬ ‫ مَحبسة‬maḥbasa hermitage
‫ هـ‬s.th. for); to tie up, invent inalienably (‫هـ‬ ‫ انحباس‬inḥibās seclusion, confinement;
capital) │‫ حبس نفسه على‬to devote o.s. stoppage, interruption; cessation
entirely to ... ; ‫( حبس يده عن‬yadahū) to take
‫ احتباس‬iḥtibās retention, restraint;
(s.th.) out from under s.o.’s power; ‫حبس‬
inhibition, impediment, obstruction,
‫( عليه انفاسه‬anfāsahū) to make s.o. catch his
stoppage │‫ احتباس البول‬iḥtibās al-baul
breath, take s.o.’s breath away; ‫حبس مَع‬
suppression of urine, ischuria
‫ الشغل‬ḥubisa ma‘a š-šugl he was
committed to prison under hard labor II to ‫ مَحبوس‬maḥbūs shut-off (from the
tie up inalienably (‫ هـ‬funds, ‫ على‬for, esp. outside world), isolated, secluded,
for a pious purpose), make a religious confined, locked-up; imprisoned, captive;
bequest (‫هـ‬, for the benefit of ‫ )على‬VII to tied-up (funds); (pl. ‫ مَحابس‬maḥābis2)
be held back, be held up, stop, be prisoner, prison inmate, convict
interrupted, intermit; to restrain o.s., hold ‫ مَحبس‬muḥabbis donor of a habous (see
back VIII to block, obstruct, bar, confine ( ‫ حبس‬ḥubs)
‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to detain, hold in custody (
‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to hold back, retain, ‫ المحبس عليه‬al-muḥabbas ‘alaihi
suppress (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to be detained, beneficiary of a habous (see ‫ حبس‬ḥubs)
‫ مَنحبس‬munhabis secluded, shut-off ‫ ارتخاء الحبل‬slackening of the reins,
yielding; relenting; ‫ اضطرب حبله‬iḍṭraba
‫ الحبش‬al-ḥabaš Abyssinia, Ethiopia; (pl. ‫الَحباش‬
ḥabluhū to get into a state of disorder, of
al-aḥbāš) the Abyssinians, Ethiopians
disorganization, of disintegration, get out
‫ الحبشة‬al-ḥabaša (and ‫)بلد الحبش‬ of control; ‫( تعب على الحبلين‬la‘iba, ḥablain)
Abyssinia, Ethiopia to play a double game, work both side, of
‫ الحبشي‬ḥabašī pl. ‫ احباش‬aḥbāš the street
Abyssinian, Ethiopian ‫ احبولة‬uḥbūla pl. ‫ احابيل‬aḥābīl2 snare, net;
‫ حبط‬ḥabaṭa i (‫( حبوط‬ḥubūṭ) and ḥabiṭa a to rope with a noose; pl. ‫ احابيل‬tricks, wiles,
come to nothing, fail, miscarry, go wrong; artifices, stratagems (in order to get s.th.)
to be futile, be of no avail, be lost IV to ‫ حبالة‬ḥibāla pl. ‫ حبائل‬ḥabā’il2 snare, net
frustrate, thwart, foil, defeat (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫على هـ‬
‫ حابل‬ḥābil: ‫( اختلط الحابل بالنابل‬iḳtalaṭa)
in s.th. s.o.; negotiations, efforts, an
everything became confused, got into a
attempt, etc.)
state of utter confusion; ‫ حابل ونابلهم‬all
‫ حبط‬ḥabaṭ scar of a wound, wale, welt together, all in a medley 154
‫ حبوط‬ḥubūṭ futility, failure 2
‫ حبل‬ḥlabila a (ḥabal) to be or become
‫ احباط‬aḥbāṭ frustration, thwarting, foiling pregnant, conceive and IV to make
pregnant ( ‫ها‬a woman)
‫ حبق‬ḥabaq basil (bot.); (eg.) a variety of
speedwell (Veronica anagallis aquatica L.) ‫ حبل‬ḥabal conception; pregnancy

‫ حبك‬ḥabaka i u (ḥabk) to weave well and tight ‫ حبلى‬ḥublā pl. ‫ حبالى‬ḥabālā and ‫حبلانة‬
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to braid, plait (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to twist, ḥablāna pregnant
twine, tighten (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to knit (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ حبن‬ḥabana dropsy
devise, contrive (‫ هـ‬a plan, a plot) II to
‫ حبب الهان( حبهان‬ḥabb al-hān) cardamom
twist, twine, tighten (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to fasten (‫هـ‬
(Amomum cardamomum L.; bot.)
s.th.)
(‫ حبا )حبو‬ḥabā u (ḥabw) to crawl, creep: to
‫ حبكة‬ḥabka fabric, tissue; texture,
present (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. with s.th.), give, award (‫هـ‬
structure
‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) III to be obliging (‫ ه‬to s.o.),
‫ حبك‬ḥubuk: p. ‫ حبك النجوم‬ḥ. an-nujūm the show one’s good will (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to
orbits of the celestial bodies favor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to side (‫ ه‬with s.o.), be
‫ حباكة‬ḥibāka weavers trade, weaving partial (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to show respect,
deference (‫ ه‬to s.o.) VIII to sit with one’s
‫ مَحبوك‬maḥbūk tightly woven; tight, taut; legs drawn up and wrapped in one's
sturdy, strong, robust, husky garment
‫ مَحتبك‬muḥtabik interwoven, intersecting ‫ حبوة‬ḥibwa, ḥubwa, ḥabwa gift, present
1
‫ حبل‬VIII to ensnare, catch in a snare (‫ ه‬, ‫هـ‬ ‫ حباء‬ḥibā’ gift, present
s.o., s.th.)
‫ مَحاباة‬muḥābāh obligingness
‫ حبل‬ḥabl pl. ‫ حبال‬ḥibāl, ‫ احبل‬aḥbul, ‫حبول‬ complaisance, courtesy; favor(ing),
ḥubūl, ‫ احبال‬aḥbāl rope, cable, hawser; favoritism, partiality
cord, string, thread; (pl. ‫ حبال‬ḥibāl) beam,
ray (e.g., of the sun, of light), jet (e.g., of ‫ حت‬ḥatta u (ḥatt) to rub off, scrape off, scratch
water); vein; sinew, tendon │‫حبل الوريد‬ off (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
jugular vein; ‫( الحبل السري‬surrī) umbilical ‫ حتة‬ḥitta pl. ḥitat (eg.) piece, bit, morsel
cord; ‫( الحبل الشوكي‬šaukī) spine; ‫حبال صوتية‬
‫ حتى‬ḥattā (prep.) until, till, up to, as far
(ṣautīya) vocal cords; ‫ حبل المساكين‬ivy
as; (conj.; with perf.) until, so that; (with
(bot.); ‫ حبال الماء‬jets of water; (‫القى )اطلق‬
subj.) until, that, so that, in order that; --
‫ الحبل على الغارب‬alqā (aṭlaqa) l-ḥabla ‘alā
(particle) even, eventually even; and even;
l-gārib to let things go, slacken the reins,
‫ حتى لو‬even if; (with preceding negation)
give a free hand, impose no restraint;
not even, and be it only…
1
‫ حتات‬ḥutāt scraps; morsels, crumbs ‫ حث‬ḥatta u (ḥatt) to urge, incite, prompt,
goad, spur on, egg on, prod, provoke, 155
‫ تحات‬taḥāt corrosion
impel (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ على‬to do s.th.) │‫حث خطاه‬
‫ حتد‬ḥatida a (ḥatad) to be of pure origin (ḳuṭāhū) to quicken one’s pace, hurry (‫الى‬
‫ مَحتد‬maḥtid descent, origin, lineage to a place); ‫( حث الطريق‬ṭarīqa) to hurry,
hasten; ‫( حث قدمَيه‬qadamaihi) to quicken
‫ حترة‬ḥutra small piece, bit, trifle one’s pace, break into a run VIII and X = I
‫ حتار‬ḥitār pl. ‫ حتر‬ḥutur border, edge, ‫ حثيث‬ḥatīt quick, rapid, quick
fringe, surroundings, vicinity
‫ حاثة‬ḥātta hormone
‫ حتف‬ḥatf pl. ‫ حتوف‬ḥutūf death │ ‫يبحث عن )يسعى‬ 2
‫ الى( حتفه بظلفه‬yabḥatu ‘an (yas‘ā ilā) ‫ حثي‬ḥittī Hittite (n. and adj.)
ḥatfihī bi-ẓilfihī he brings about his own ‫ حثالة‬ḥutāla dregs, lees, sediment; scum (fig.);
destruction, digs his own grave; ‫مَات حتف‬ offal, discard, scraps │ ‫ حثالة الحرير‬silk
‫ انفه‬māta ḥatfa anfihī he died a natural combings
death
(‫ حثا )حثو‬ḥatā u (ḥatw) to strew, scatter, spread,
‫ حتم‬ḥatama i (ḥatm) to decree, make necessary, disperse (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
prescribe (‫ على هـ‬s.th. for s.o.), make (‫هـ‬ ‫ حج‬ḥajja u to overcome, defeat (‫ ه‬s.o., with
s.th.) a duty, a necessity (‫ على‬for s.o.); to arguments, with evidence), confute (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
impose, enjoin (‫ على هـ‬s.th. upon s.o.); to convince (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- (ḥajj) to make the
decide, determine definitely (‫ ب‬s.th.) II to pilgrimage (to Mecca), perform the hadj III to
decree, make necessary, prescribe (‫على هـ‬ dispute, debate, argue, reason (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI
s.th. for s.o.), make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) a duty, a to argue against each other, carry on a dispute,
necessity (‫ على‬for s.o.) V to be necessary; to debate; to take counsel VIII to advance (‫ب‬
to be s.o.’s (‫ )على‬duty, be incumbent (‫على‬ s.th.) as an argument, plea, excuse, or pretext;
upon s.o.) to allege in support or vindication, plead (‫ب‬
‫ حتم‬ḥatm pl. ‫ حتوم‬ḥutūm imposition, s.th.); to vindicate, justify (‫ ل‬s.th.); to protect,
injunction; final decision, resolution, remonstrate (‫ على‬against), object, raise
determination; ‫ حتما‬ḥatman decidedly, objections (‫ على‬to)
definitely, neceaoarily, inevitably ‫ حج‬ḥajj and ‫ حجة‬ḥijja pl. -āt, ‫ حجج‬ḥijaj
‫ حتمي‬ḥatmī decided, definite, final, pilgrimage; hadj, the official Muslim
conclusive, definitive, unalterable, pilgrimage to Mecca │‫ ذو الحجة‬dū l-ḥijja
irrevocable, inevitable Zu’lhijjah, the last month of the Islamic
calendar
‫ حتمية‬ḥatmīya decidedness, definiteness,
definitiveness, determinateness, ‫ حجة‬ḥujja pl. ‫ حجج‬ḥūjaj argument;
unalterableness; necessity pretense, pretext, plea; proof, evidence;
document, writ, deed, record; authority │‫ب‬
‫ لَ حتمية‬lā-ḥatmīya indeterminism ‫ حجة ان‬under the pretense that …, on the
(philos.) plea … on the pretext of …
‫ مَحتوم‬maḥtūm imposed, enjoined, ‫ حجاج‬ḥajāj pl. ‫ احجة‬aḥijja circumorbital
obligatory; determined, definitive, ring (anat.)
determinate, unalterable, ineviroble;
destined, predestined, ordained (fate) ‫ مَحج‬maḥajj destination (of a journey)

‫ مَحتم‬muḥattam imposed, enjoined, ‫ مَحجة‬maḥajja pl. ‫ مَحاج‬maḥājj2


obligatory; determined, definitive, destination of a pilgrimage, object of
determinate, unalterable, inevitable; pilgrimage, shrine; destination (of s
destined, predeotined, ordained (fate) journey); goal; road; way; procedure,
method │ ‫ مَحجة الصواب‬m. aṣ-ṣawāb the
‫ مَتحتم‬mutaḥattim absolutely necessary; Right Way, the Straight Path; ‫مَحجة الحديد‬
imperative (duty) railroad
‫ حتى‬see ‫حت‬ ‫ حجاج‬ḥijāj argument, dispute, debate
‫ تحجج‬taḥajjuj argumentation, pleading, stop, detain, hinder (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to
offering of a pretext, pretense, excuse forbid, interdict (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to s.o.),
prohibit (‫ على‬s.o.) from doing s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to
‫ احتجاج‬iḥtijāj pl. -āt argumentation;
place (‫ على‬s.o.) under guardianship,
pretext, excuse, plea, pretense; protest,
declare (‫ على‬s.o.) legally incompetent
remonstrance (‫ على‬against), objection,
exception (‫ على‬to) ‫ حجر‬ḥajr restriction, curb(ing),
check(ing), obstruction, impeding,
‫ حاج‬ḥājj pl. ‫ حجاج‬ḥujjāj, ‫ حجيج‬ḥajīj
limitation, curtailing (‫ على‬of s.th.); barring,
pilgrim; hadji, Mecca pilgrim, honorific
closing, debarment, preclusion; detention;
title of one who has performed the
blocking, confinement, containment,
pilgrimage to Mecca
suppression (as a protective measure);
‫ حجب‬ḥajaba u (ḥajb) to veil, cover, screen, interdiction, prohibition, ban; revocation,
shelter, seclude (‫ على هـ‬s.th. from); to hide, or limitation, of s.o.’s (‫ )على‬legal
obscure (‫ عن هـ‬s.th. from s.th. else, e.g., competence │‫( حجرصحي‬ṣiḥḥī) quarantine
from sight); to eclipse, outshine,
‫( حجر‬ḥijr forbidden, interdicted,
overshadow (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make
prohibited; lap; (pl. ‫ احجار‬aḥjār, ‫حجور‬
imperceptible, invisible (‫ عن هـ‬s.th. to); to
ḥujūr, ‫ حجورة‬ḥujūra) mare
conceal (‫ عن هـ‬s.th. from s.o.); to make or
form a separation (‫ وبين‬-- ‫ بين‬between – ‫ حجرة‬ḥujra pl. ḥujarāt, ‫ حجر‬ḥujar room;
and) II to veil, hide, conceal; to hide from cell; (railroad) compartment; chamber │
sight, keep in seclusion (‫ ها‬a woman); to ‫ حجرة الَنتظار‬waiting room; ‫ حجرة النوم‬ḥ. an-
disguise, mask (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with) V to naum bedroom; ‫( الحجرة الفلحية‬fallāḥīya)
conceal o.s. hide (‫ عن‬from), flee from chamber of agriculture
sight, veil o.s. VII to veil o.s., conceal o.s.; ‫ حجر‬maḥjar pl. ‫ مَحاجر‬maḥājir2 military
to be covered up, become hidden be hospital, infirmary; prison, jail, dungeon
obscured VIII to vanish, become invisible, │‫( مَحجر صحي‬ṣiḥḥī) quarantine, quarantine
disappear from sight; to veil conceal (‫عن‬ station
hide; to become hidden, be concealed (‫عن‬
from); to withdraw; to elude perception; to ‫ حجر‬maḥjir, miḥjar, maḥjar pl. ‫مَحاجر‬
ease or interrupt publication (newspaper, maḥājir2 (=‫ مَحجر العين‬m. al-‘ain) eye
periodical) socket; see also below
‫ حجب‬ḥajb seclusion; screening off; ‫ تحجير‬taḥjīr interdiction, prohibition,
keeping away, keeping off ban; see also below
‫ حجاب‬ḥijāb pl. ‫ حجب‬ḥujub, ‫ احجبة‬aḥjiba ‫ مَحجور‬maḥjūr pl. ‫ مَحاجر‬maḥājir2 (and ‫مَح‬
cover, wrap, drape; curtain; woman’s veil; ‫ )جور عليه‬one placed under guardianship;
screen, partition, folding screen; barrier, minor; ward, charge
bar; diaphragm (also ‫ ;الحجاب الحاجز‬anat.); 2
‫ حجر‬II to petrify, turn into stone (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
amulet make hard as stone (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to turn to
‫ حجابة‬ḥijāba office of gatekeeper stone, petrify, become petrified
‫ احتجاب‬iḥtijāb concealment, hiddenness, ‫ حجر‬ḥajar pl. ‫ احجار‬aḥjār, ‫ حجارة‬ḥijāra,
seclusion; veiledness, veiling, purdah ‫ حجار‬ḥijār stone; weight (placed as an
equipoise on the scale of a balance) │‫الحج‬
‫ حاجب‬ḥājib concealing, screening, ‫( ر الَساسي‬asāsī) the foundation stone,
protecting; (pl. ‫ حجاب‬ḥujjāb, ‫ حجبة‬ḥajaba) cornerstone, ‫( وضع الحجر الَساسي‬waḍ‘)
doorman, gatekeeper; chamberlain; laying of the cornerstone; ‫ حجر البلط‬ḥ. al-
orderly (Syr., mil.); (pl. ‫ حواجب‬ḥawājib2) balāṭ flagstone, paving stone; ‫ حجر جهنم‬ḥ.
eyebrow │‫ حاجب الهواء‬ḥ. al-hawā’ airtight, jahannam lunar caustic, silver nitrate; ‫حجر‬
hermetic ‫ الجير‬ḥ. al-jīr limestone; ‫ الحجر السماقي‬or
‫ مَحجوب‬maḥjūb concealed, hidden, veiled ‫( حجر السماقي‬summāqī) porphyry; ‫الحجر‬
1 ‫( الَسود‬aswad) the Black Stone (of the
‫ حجر‬ḥajara u (ḥajr, ḥijr, ḥujr, ‫ حجران‬ḥijrān,
Kaaba); ‫ حجر الشادنة‬hematite (min.); ‫حجر‬
ḥujrān) to deny access (‫ على‬to s.o.); to
‫ العثرة‬ḥ. al-‘atra stumbling block; ‫حجر‬ barrier; barricade │ ‫الحجاب الحاجز‬
‫ الفلسفة‬philosopher’s stone; O ‫ حجر القمر‬ḥ. diaphragm (anat.); O ‫حاجز الَمَواج‬
al-qamar selenite; ‫ حجر كريم‬and ‫حجر ثمين‬ breakwater; (‫الحواجز القمرقية )الجمركية‬
precious stone, gem; ‫( طبع على الحجر‬tab‘) (qumruqīya, gumrukīya) customs barriers;
lithograph; ‫ طباعة الحجر‬Lithography O ‫ حاجزة الصواعق‬lightning rod
‫ حجري‬ḥajarī stony, stone (adj.) │ ‫العصر‬ ‫ مَوظف حاجز‬muwaẓẓaf ḥājiz approx.:
‫‘( الحجري‬aṣr) the Stone Age; ‫العصر الحجري‬ bailiff
‫ الحديث‬the Neolithic period; ‫العصر الحجري‬ 1
‫مَحاجفة‬muḥājafa singlestick fencing
‫ القديم‬the Paleolithic period
2
‫احجاف‬iḥjāf = ‫اجحاف‬
‫ حجير‬ḥajīr stony, petrified
‫ حجل‬ḥajala u i (ḥajl, ‫ حجلن‬ḥajalān) to hop,
‫ حجار‬ḥajjār stone mason, stone cutter leap; to skip, gambol
‫ مَحجر‬maḥjir pl. ‫ مَحاجر‬maḥājir2 (stone) ‫ حجل‬ḥajl, ḥijl pl. ‫ حجول‬ḥujūl, ‫ احجال‬aḥjāl
quarry anklet
‫ تحجير‬taḥjīr petrification; stone ‫ حجل‬ḥajal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫حجلان‬
quarrying ḥajlān, ‫ حجلى‬ḥijlā partridge; mountain
‫ تحجر‬taḥajjur petrification partridge, mountain quail
‫ مَتحجر‬mutaḥajjir petrified ‫ حجل‬ḥajala pl. ‫ حجال‬ḥijāl curtained
canopy, or alcove, for the bride │ ‫رباط‬
‫ مَستحجر‬mustaḥjir petrified 157
‫ الحجال‬rabbāṭ al-ḥ. the ladies
‫ حجدز‬ḥajaza u i (ḥajz) to hold back, restrain,
‫ لعبة الحجلة‬la‘bat al-ḥajala hopscotch
hinder, prevent (‫ عن هـ‬s.th. from); to keep
away (‫ عن هـ‬s.th. from); to block (off), ‫ مَحجل‬muḥajjal wearing anklets
close, bar; to isolate, insulate, confine, (woman); white-footed (horse); bright,
seclude; to make inaccessible; to set apart; brilliant, radiant; unique, singular, esp. in
to separate (‫ بين‬two things); to arrest, the phrase ‫( أغر مَحجل‬agarr2)
detain; to seize, sequester, impound (‫على‬ ‫ حجم‬ḥajama u (ḥajm) to cup (‫ ه‬s.o.; med.) IV to
or ‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., s.o.’s property, salary); to recoil, shrink, flinch (‫ عن‬from); to desist,
confiscate, safeguard (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to reserve abstain, refrain (‫ عن‬from), forbear (‫عن‬
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make a reservation (‫ هـ‬for a. s.th.); to withdraw, retreat
theater seat, a steamer cabin, a ticket, etc.)
VIII to retain for o.s., reserve to o.s. (‫هـ‬ ‫ حجم‬ḥajm pl. ‫ حجوم‬ḥujūm, ‫ احجام‬aḥjām
s.th.) bulk, size, volume; caliber (of a cannon)
│‫ كبير الحجم‬bulky, sizable, massive
‫ حجز‬ḥajz curbing, prevention, restraint;
seclusion, confinement, containment, ‫ حجام‬ḥajjām cupper
isolation, insulation, separation; arrest, ‫ حجامَة‬ḥijāma cupping, scarification, art
detention, seizure, confiscation, of cupping
sequestration (‫ على‬of s.th.); reservation (of
seats) │‫ حجز الحرية‬ḥ al-ḥurrīya deprivation ‫ مَحجم‬miḥjam, m ‫ مَحجم‬miḥjama pl. ‫مَحاجم‬
of liberty, unlawful detention duress (jur.); maḥājim2 cupping glass
‫( القى الحجر على‬alqā) to confiscate s.th. ‫ احجام‬iḥjām desistance, abstention;
‫ الحجاز‬al-ḥijāz Hejaz, region in W restraint, aloofness, reserve
Arabia, on the Red Sea coast ‫ حجن‬ḥajana i (ḥajn) to bend, curve, crook (‫هـ‬
‫ حجازي‬ḥijāzī of or pertaining to Hejaz; s.th.) VIII to snatch up, grab (‫ هـ‬s.th.) take
pl. -ūn) an inhabitant of Hejaz hold (‫ هـ‬of s.th.)
‫ حاجز‬ḥājiz and ‫ حاجزة‬pl. ‫ حواجز‬ḥawājiz2 ‫ احجن‬aḥjan2 curved, crooked, bent
obstacle, hindrance, impediment, ‫ مَحجن‬miḥjan pl. ‫ مَحاجن‬maḥājin2 staff or
obstruction; partition, screen, dividing stick with a crooked end, crosier; hook
wall j block, blockade, road block; fence,
gate, railing, balustrade; hurdle; bar,
(‫ حجا به خيرا )حجو‬ḥajā bihī ḳairan to think well ‫ حد‬ḥadd pl. ‫ حدود‬ḥudūd (cutting) edge
of s.o., have a good opinion of s.o. III to (of a knife, of a sword); edge, border,
propose a riddle (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to speak in brink, brim, verge; border (of a country),
riddles, be enigmatic boundary, borderline; limit (fig.), the
utmost, extremity, termination, end,
‫ حجى‬, ‫ حجا‬ḥijan pl. ‫ احجاء‬aḥjā’ intellect,
terminal point, terminus; a (certain)
brains, understanding, discernment,
measure, extent, or degree (attained);
acumen, sagacity, wit, intelligence 158
(math.) member (of an equation), term (of
‫ حجي‬ḥajiy appropriate, suitable, proper ( a fraction, of a proportion); divine
‫ ب‬for) ordinance, divine statute; legal
‫ احجى‬aḥjā more appropriate, more punishment (Isl. Law) │‫ لحد‬li-ḥaddi or ‫الى‬
suitable, more proper; more correct, better ‫ حد‬until, till, up to, to the extent of, ‫الى حد‬
‫ لحد الن‬,‫ الن‬li-ḥ. l-āna up to now, so far; ‫الى‬
‫ احجية‬uḥjīya pl. ‫ احاجى‬aḥājīy, ‫ احاج‬aḥājin ‫( حد مَا‬ḥaddin) to a certain degree, to a
riddle, puzzle, enigma certain extent; ‫ الى حد بعيد‬,‫ الى حد كبير‬to a
‫ حخام‬ḥaḳām = ‫( حاخام‬look up alphabetically) considerable extent or degree,
considerably, extensively; ‫( الى أي حد‬ayyi
‫ حد‬ḥadda u (ḥadd) to sharpen, hone (‫ هـ‬a ḥaddin) how far, to what degree or extent;
knife); to delimit, delineate, demarcate, ‫( لَ حد له‬ḥadda) boundless, infinite,
mark off, stake off (‫ هـ‬land, ‫ مَن‬from); to unbounded, unlimited; ‫ بل حد‬bi-lā ḥaddin,
set bounds (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), limit, restrict,
confine (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to impede, hinder, curb, ‫ الى غير حد‬ilā gairi ḥaddin boundless,
check (‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- i (‫ حدة‬ḥidda) to unlimited, without limits; ‫‘ على حد سواء‬alā
become furious, angry (‫ على‬at): -- i u (‫حداد‬ ḥaddin sawā’, ‫‘ على حد سوى‬alā ḥaddin
ḥidād) to wear mourning, mourn (‫ على‬the siwan in the same manner; equally,
deceased) II to sharpen, hone (‫ هـ‬a knife); likewise; ‫( على حد‬ḥaddi) according to,
to forge (‫ هـ‬s.th.; syr.); to delimit, commensurate with; ‫ في حد ذاته‬fī ḥaddi
demarcate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to set bounds (‫ هـ‬to dātihī and ‫ بحد ذاته‬in itself, as such; ‫الحد‬
s.th.), circumscribe, mark off, delineate ‫( الَعلى‬a‘lā), ‫( الحد الَقصى‬aqṣā) the
sharply; to limit, restrict, confine (‫ مَن‬or ‫هـ‬ maximum; ‫( الحد الَدنى‬adnā) the minimum;
s.th.); to determine, appoint, assign, (‫‘ حد عمري‬umrī) age limit; ‫ ذو حدين‬dū
schedule, lay down, set down, establish (‫هـ‬ ḥaddain two-edged; ‫( في حدود‬ḥudūdi)
s.th.); to fix). e.g., prices); to define (‫هـ‬ within, within the framework of; ‫بلغ اقصى‬
s.th.) │‫( حدد بصره‬baṣarahū) to dart sharp ‫( حدوده‬aqṣā ḥudūdihI) to attain its highest
glances; to scrutinize (‫ في‬s.th.), look degree; ‫ حدود ا‬the bounds or restrictions
sharply (‫ في‬at s.th.) III to oppose (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., that God has placed on man's freedom of
s.th.) act contrary (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), action
contravene, counteract, violate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV ‫ حدة‬ḥidda sharpness, keenness; pitch (of
to sharpen, make sharp (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫احد النظر‬ a tone); distinctiveness, markedness;
‫( الى‬naẓar) to look sharply at, stare at; ‫احد‬ vehemence, violence, impetuosity; fury,
‫( بصره‬baṣarahū) to dart sharp glances; to rage, wrath, ire, anger; excitability,
scrutinize (‫ في‬s.th.), look sharply (‫ في‬at irascibility, passionateness
s.th.); ‫( احد مَن بصره‬baṣarihī) to glance
sharply; -- to put on garments of mourning ‫ حدة‬ḥida see ‫وحد‬
V to be delimited, be delineated, be ‫ حدد‬ḥadad forbidden 159
bounded, be circumscribed; to be
‫ حداد‬ḥidād (act of) mourning (‫ على‬over)
determined, be established, be set down,
│ ‫ ثوب الحداد‬taub al-h. garmente of
be scheduled, be fixed; to by defined, be
mourning; ‫ حداد البلط‬ḥ. al-balāt court
definable VIII to be or become angry; to
mourning
become infuriated, be furious (‫ على‬at), be
exasperated (‫ على‬with); to be agitated, be ‫ حديد‬ḥadīd iron; pl. ‫ حدائد‬ḥadā’id2 iron
upset, be in a state of commotion parts (of a structure); forgings, hardware,
ironware │ ‫ حديد خام‬crode iron, pig iron,
iron ore; O ‫( حديد مَطاوع‬mutāwi‘) wrought
iron; ‫( حديد غفل‬gufl) unprocessed iron, pig ‫ حدأة‬ḥada’a pl. ‫ حداء‬ḥidā’ double-bladed
iron; ‫ ظهر الحديد‬ẓahr al-ḥ. ‫ حديد الظهر‬cast axe
iron; ‫ سكة الحديد‬sikkat al-ḥ. railroad; ‫ضرب‬ ‫ حدب‬ḥadiba a (ḥadab) to be convex, dome-
‫ في حديد بريد‬see ‫ضرب‬ shaped, cambered, bent outward; to be
‫ حديد‬ḥadīd pl. ‫ حداد‬ḥidād, ‫ احداء‬aḥiddā’2, hunchbacked; to be nice, kind, friendly (
‫ احدة‬aḥidda sharp (knife, eye, tongue, etc.), ‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬to s.o.). be solicitous (‫ على‬or ‫ب‬
keen (mind) about s.o.), care (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬for s.o.) take
care (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬of s.o.) II to make convex,
‫ احد‬aḥadd2 sharper, keener; more
emboss, camber, vault, curve, crook, bend
vehement, more violent
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) V and XII ‫ احدودب‬iḥaudaba to be
‫ حديدة‬ḥadīda pl. ‫ حدائد‬ḥadā’id2 piece of crooked, vaulted, cambered, embossed,
iron; object or tool made of iron │ ‫حديد‬ convex
‫ الحرث‬ḥ. al-ḥart plowshare; ‫( على الحديدة‬eg.)
‫ حدب‬ḥadab affection, fondness, love;
in financial straits, pinched for money
kindliness; solicitude, care; (pl. ‫حداب‬
‫ حديدي‬ḥadīdī iron (adj.) │ ‫سكة حديدية‬ ḥidāb, ‫ احداب‬aḥdāb) elevation of the
(sikka) railroad ground │ ‫( مَن كل حدب وصوب‬wa-ṣaubin) or
‫ الحديدة‬al-ḥudaida Hodeida (seaport in ‫ كل صوب وحدب‬from all sides, from all
W Yemen) directions, from everywhere; ‫في كل صوب‬
‫ وحدب‬everywhere, in every quarter, on all
‫ حداد‬ḥaddād ironsmith, blacksmith sides
‫ حدادة‬ḥidāda smithcraft, art smithing ‫ حدب‬ḥadib curved, cambered, vaulted,
‫ تحديد‬taḥdīd pl. -āt limitation, convex; hunchbacked; kindly, friendly
delimitation; delineation, demarcation; ‫ حدب‬ḥadaba hunchback, hump; camber,
restriction, curb, confinement; vaulting, curvature
determination, fixation, appointment;
definition │‫ على التحديد‬and ‫على وجه التحديد‬ ‫ احدب‬aḥdab2, f. ‫ حدباء‬ḥadbā’, pl. ‫حدب‬
(wajh) to be exact …, strictly speaking … ḥudb hunchbacked, humped; -- (elative)
kindlier, friendlier
‫ حاد‬ḥādd sharp (also, fig., of a glance),
keen (mind); high-pitched (tone); ‫ مَحدب‬muḥaddab embossed; cambered,
vehement, fiery, impetuous; fierce; vivid; convex 160
acute (illness) │‫ حاد المزاج‬ḥ. al-mizāj, ‫حاد‬ ‫ حدث‬ḥadata u (‫ حدوث‬ḥudūt) to happen, occur,
‫ الطبع‬ḥ. aṭ-ṭab‘ hot-blooded, hot-headed, take place, come to pass; -- (ḥaduta u (
hot-tempered, irascible; ‫( زاوية حادة‬zāwiya) ‫ حداثة‬ḥadāta) to be new, recent; to be
acute angle; ‫ تحت الحد‬subacute young II to tell, relate, report (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ب‬
‫ مَحدود‬maḥdūd bounded, bordered (‫ب‬ or ‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ عن‬,‫ في‬about); to speak, talk (‫ ه‬to
by); circumscribed, confined; limited (= s.o., ‫ عن‬or ‫ في‬about, of) │‫حدثه قلبه‬
small, e.g., number, knowledge, etc.); (ḥaddatahū qalbuhū and ‫حدثته نفسه‬
delimited, determinate, fixed, definite, ḥaddatathu nafsuhū his heart, his
definitive │‫ مَحدود المعنى‬m. al-ma‘nā innermost feeling told him (‫ ب‬s.th.); ‫حدث‬
unambiguous; ‫ مَحدود الضمان‬m. aḍ-ḍamān ‫( نفسه ب‬nafsahū) to talk o.s. into (s.th.), try
of limited liability; (‫شركة مَحدودة )المسئولية‬ to believe s.th. or see s.th. (as factual); to
(širka) limited company, corporation resolve, make up one’s mind to do s.th.;
‫ حدث نفسه ان‬he said to himself, told himself
‫ مَحدد‬muḥaddad sharpened, sharp; that … III to speak, talk (‫ عن‬or ‫ في ه‬to s.o.
determined, fixed, appointed, destined (‫ل‬ about s.th.); to discuss (‫ عن‬or ‫ في ه‬with s.o.
for) strictly delimited, clearly defined s.th.), converse (‫ عن‬or ‫ في ه‬with s.o.
‫ مَحتد‬muḥtadd angry, furious, about); to negotiate, confer (‫ ه‬with s.o.) to
exasperated address, accost (‫ ه‬s.o.); to call up (‫ ه‬s.o., by
telephone) IV to bring forth, produce,
‫ حدأة‬ḥid’a, pl. ‫ حدأ‬ḥida’, ‫ حداء‬ḥidā’, ‫ حدآن‬ḥid’ān create, originate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to found,
kite (zool.) establish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bring about, cause,
occasion, provoke, effect (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to drop ‫ احداث‬aḥdāt2 newer, more recent
excrement │ ‫( احدث حدثا‬ḥadatan) to bring ‫ حدثان الدهر‬ḥidtān (or ḥadatān) ad-dahr
about s.th.; to cause or do s.th., esp., s.th. misfortune, adversities, reverses
evil, do mischief V to speak, talk (‫ الى‬to
s.o., ‫ ب‬,‫ عن‬or j about or of s.th.), converse, ‫ احدوثة‬uḥdūta pl. ‫ احاديث‬aḥādīt2 speech;
chat (‫ الى‬or ‫ مَع‬with s.o., ‫ عن‬to, ‫ ب‬or j about discussion, talk, conversation; chatter;
s.th.) VI to talk with one another, fabling, fibbing; topic, subject of a
converse, have a conversation X to renew conversation; gossip, rumor (about a
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) to buy new (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to introduce, person) │‫ حسن الَحدوثة‬ḥusn al-u. praise (of
start, invent, originate, create (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to s.o.) ‫ سوء الَحدوثة‬sū’ al-u. slander,
find or deem (‫ ه‬s.o.) to be young defamation
‫ حدث‬ḥadat pl. ‫ احداث‬aḥdāt a new, ‫ مَحادثة‬muḥādata pl. -āt discourse,
unprecedented thing, a novelty, conversation, discussion, talk, parley
innovation; event, incident, occurrence, ‫ احداث‬iḥdāt production, creatuion,
happening; phenomenon; evil symptom; invention, origination; causation,
misdeed; misfortune; ritual impurity (Isl. effectuation 161
Law); excrement, feces; (pl. ‫ حدثان‬,‫احداث‬
ḥudtān) young man, youth; ‫ احداث‬juveniles ‫ احداثيات‬iḥdātīyāt (pl.) co-ordinates
(math.) │ ‫‘( احداثيات عمودية‬amūdīya)
‫ حديث‬ḥadīt pl. ‫ حداث‬ḥidāt, ‫ حدثاء‬ḥudatā’2 ordinates; ‫( احداثيات أفقية‬ufuqīya) abscissas
new, novel, recent, late; modern; ‫حديثا‬ (math.)
ḥadītan recently, lately │‫ حديث البناء‬ḥ. al-
binā’ new-built, recently built; ‫حديث السن‬ ‫ استحداث‬istiḥdāt invention, creation,
ḥ. as-sinn young; ‫ حديث العهد‬ḥ. al-‘ahd of production, origination
recent date, recent, new, young; ‫حديث العهد‬ ‫ حادث‬ḥādīt occurring, happening, taking
‫ حديث عهد ب‬,‫( ب‬ḥ. ‘ahdin) having adopted place; new, recent; fresh; -- (pl. ‫حوادث‬
or acquired (s.th.) recently; not long ḥawādit2, also -āt) occurrence, incident,
accustomed to (s.th.), inexperienced at event, happening; episode; case (jur.)
(s.th.), new at (s.th.), newly, e.g., ‫حديث العهد‬ accident, mishap │ ‫ حادث تزوير‬a case of
‫( بالولَدة‬bi-l-wilāda) newborn, ‫حديث الغهد‬ forgery; ‫ مَكان الحادث‬makān al-ḥ. site of
‫( بالزواج‬bi-z-zawāj) newly wed; ‫كان حديث‬ action, scene of the crime, locus delicti
‫ العهد بأوربا‬he had not known Europe until
recently ‫ حادثة‬ḥādita pl. ‫ حوادث‬ḥawādit2
occurrence, event, happening; plot (of a
‫ حديث‬ḥadīt pl. ‫ احاديث‬aḥādīt2, ‫حدثان‬ play) ; incident, episode; accident, mishap
ḥadtān speech; chat, chitchat, small talk; │ ‫حادثة المرور‬ḥ. al-murūr traffic accident
conversation, talk, discussion; interview;
prattle, gossip; report, account, tale, ‫ مَحدث‬muḥaddit pl. -ūn speaker, talker;
narrative; Prophetic tradition, Hadith, spokesman; conversation partner,
narrative relating deeds and utterances of interlocutor; relator, narrator; a transmitter
the Prophet and his Companions │ ‫حديث‬ of Prophetic traditions, traditionary,
‫ خرافة‬ḥ. ḳurāfa fabulous story, silly talk; representative of the science or study of
‫( حديث قدسي‬qudsī) Muslim tradition in Hadith (see above); O phonograph,
which God Himself speaks, as opposed to gramophone
‫( حديث نبوي‬nabawī) an ordinary Prophetic ‫ مَتحدث‬mutaḥaddit spokesman, speaker
tradition; ‫ حديث النفس‬ḥ. an-nafs s.th. one
‫ مَستحدث‬mustaḥdat new, novel, recent, --
talks o.s. into; premonition
(pl. –āt) novelty, innovation; recent
‫ حدوث‬ḥudūt setting in (of a state or invention, modern product; neologism
condition), occurrence, incidence (of a
‫ حدج‬ḥadaja i and II to stare, look sharply (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
phenomenon); occurrence, incident,
at s.o., at s.th., often with ‫ ببصره‬bi-
happening
baṣarihī or ‫ بنظره‬bi-naẓarihī)
‫ حداثة‬ḥadāta newness, recency, novelty;
‫ حدج‬ḥidj pl. ‫ حدوج‬ḥudūj, ‫ احداج‬aḥdāj
youth, youthfulness
load, burden, encumbrance
‫ ابو حديج‬abū ḥadīj stork □‫ حداف‬ḥaddāf (‫)حذاف‬, ‫( حداف الماكوك‬syr.)
2
‫ حداجة‬ḥidāja pl. ‫ حدائج‬ḥadā’ij camel shuttle (weaving)
saddle □ ‫ طارة حدافة‬ṭāra ḥaddāfa (syr.)
‫ حدر‬ḥadara, ḥadura u (ḥadr, ‫ حدارة‬ḥadāra) to flywheel
be thick; -- ḥadara u i (ḥadr, ‫ حدر‬ḥudūr) 1
‫ حدق‬ḥadaqa i (ḥadq) to surround, encircle,
to bring down, lower (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to cause (‫هـ‬ encompass (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); (with ‫بعينه‬
s.th.) to descend; to drop (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to shed bi-‘ainihī) to look, glance (‫ ه‬at s.o.) II to
(‫ هـ‬tears); ‫( حدر حدرا‬ḥadran) to rattle off, look, glance, gaze, stare (‫ الى‬or ‫ في‬at,
express quickly (an utterance, a thought);
also ‫(حدق النظر في │ )ب‬naẓara) to fix
-- (ḥadr) to come down, step down,
one’s glance on … IV to surround,
descend; to glide down, swoop II to drop (
encircle, encompass, enclose (‫ ب‬s.o.,
‫ هـ‬s.th.) to lower, inclines, dip (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V
to descend gradually; to glide down; to s.th.); to look, glance (‫ الى‬,‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬at) │
come down, descend; to flow down ‫( احدق النظر النظر في‬naẓara) to fix
(tears); to derive, stem, originate (‫ مَن‬from) one’s glance on …
VII to come or go down, descend; to glide ‫ حدقة‬ḥadaqa pl. -āt, ‫ حدق‬ḥadaq, ‫حداق‬
down, sink down; to be in decline, be on ḥidāq, ‫ احداق‬aḥdāq pupil (of the eye); pl.
the downgrade, to decline, wane; to flow ‫ احداق‬glances
down (tears); to slope down, slant down,
be inclined (terrain); to come (‫ الى‬to a ‫ حديقة‬ḥadīqa pl. ‫ حدائق‬ḥadā’iq2
place), arrive (‫ الى‬at) garden │ ‫ حديقة الحيوانات‬ḥ. al-
ḥayawānāt zoological garden, zoo
‫ حدر‬ḥadr rapid recitation of the Koran
(a terminus technicus of tajwīd) ‫ احداق‬iḥdāq encirclement,
encompassment (‫ ب‬of)
‫ حدور‬ḥadūr slope, downgrade, declivity,
declivitous terrain ‫ خطر محدق‬ḳaṭar muḥdiq imminent
‫ تحدر‬taḥaddur descent, slant, slope, danger
inclination, incline, declivity 2
□ ‫ حدق‬II (=‫ )حدق‬to make acid, sour, tart, or
‫ انحدار‬inḥidār slant, dip, pitch, sharp (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
inclination, decent, slope; declivity; fall □ ‫ حادق‬ḥādiq (= ‫ )حاذق‬sour, tart, acid,
(of a river); decline, waning; ruin, decay, sharp (taste)
decadence
‫ حدل‬ḥadala i to flatten, level, even, roll (‫هـ‬
‫ حادر‬ḥādir thick s.th.); (ḥadl, ‫ حدول‬ḥudūl) to treat unjustly
‫ مَتحدر‬mutaḥaddir descending, slanting, (‫ على‬s.o.)
sloping downward
‫ محدلة‬miḥdala pl. ‫ محمدل‬maḥādil2
‫ مَنحدر‬munḥadir descending; lowered, roller, steamroller
dipped; slanting, sloping, declivitous
‫ حدم‬VIII to burn, glow, blaze; to burn up, be
(terrain); declining, waning, being on the
consumed by fire; to flare up, break out
downgrade, in a state of decadence or
(fight); to be furious, burn with wrath (
decline; run-down, seedy, down-at-the-
heels, down-and-out ‫ على‬at, over), also ‫( احتدم غيظا‬gaiẓan)

‫ مَنحدر‬munḥadar pl. -āt depression; slope, ‫ احتدام‬iḥtidām paroxysm


talus, incline, descent, declivity; fall (of a ‫ محمدم‬muḥtadim furious, infuriated,
river) enraged
‫ حدس‬ḥadata i u (ḥadt) to surmise, guess, ‫ حدة‬ḥida see ‫وحد‬
conjecture (‫ هـ‬s.th.) 1
□ ‫ حدوة‬ḥidwa horseshoe
‫ حدس‬ḥadt surmise, guess, conjecture; O
intuition 162
2
(‫ حدو‬and ‫ حدا )حدى‬ḥadā u (ḥadw, ‫حداء‬
ḥudā’, ḥidā’ to urge forward by singing (
‫ هـ‬camels); to urge, spur on, egg on, ‘alā ḥadarin cautiously, warily; on one’s
prompt, instigate, induce, move (‫ ب‬or ‫ه‬ guard (‫ من‬against)
s.o., ‫ الى‬to s.th., to do s.th.); ‫ حدا ب‬to ‫ حذر‬ḥadir cautious, wary
instigate s.th.; to sway, rock, roll (rider,
camel); to swing along, rock along (in ‫ حذاري‬ḥadārī beware (‫ ان‬of doing …,
riding) │‫ حدا بهم الحديث الى‬their ‫ من‬of s.th.)! watch out (‫ من‬for)! be
conversation led them to …; ‫غرض تحدى‬ careful (‫ من‬of)!
‫( اليه الركائب‬garaḍun tuḥdā) a goal much ‫ تحذير‬taḥdīr warning, cautioning (‫من‬
sought after or worth striving for V to of, against)
compete, vie (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to challenge,
provoke (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to defy, oppose, ‫محاذرة‬muḥādara caution, precaution,
resist, withstand (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), stand up precautionary measure
(‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬against s.o., against s.th.) to incite, ‫ محذور‬maḥdūr that of which one
stimulate, arouse, animate, sharpen (‫هـ‬ should beware, against which one should
s.th.; ‫ ذكاءه‬dakā’ahū s.o.’s intellect); to guard; object of caution; -- (pl. -āt)
intend (‫ هـ‬s.th., to do s.th.), be bent (‫ هـ‬on danger, peril; trouble, difficulty,
doing s.th.) misfortune
‫ حداء‬ḥudā’ animating singsong, ‫ حذف‬ḥadafa i (ḥadf) to shorten, clip, curtail (
chanting of the caravan leader ‫ هـ‬or ‫ من‬s.th.); to take s.th. away, cut s.th.
off, clip s.th. off (‫ من‬from s.th.), reduce (
‫ حداء‬ḥaddā’ camel driver, cameleer
‫ من‬s.th.), strike or cross s.th. (‫ من‬off
‫ احدوة‬uḥduwa, ‫ احدية‬uḥdīya song of s.th.); to cancel, strike out, delete, drop,
the camel drivers leave out, omit, suppress (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (gram.)
‫ تحد‬taḥaddin pl. ‫ تحديات‬taḥaddiyāt to elide, apocopate, drop by aphaeresis; to
challenge, provocation deduct, subtract (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to throw (‫ب ه‬
at s.o. s.th.), pelt (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with s.th.); to
‫ حاد‬ḥādin pl. ‫ حداة‬ḥudāh caravan cast away, throw away, discard (‫ ب‬s.th.) II
leader (who urges the camels forward by to clip, trim (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to give (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
singing); camel driver, cameleer; leader shape, to trim, clip, or cut (‫ هـ‬s.th.) into
‫ متحد‬mutaḥaddin challenger, provoker proper shape
1
‫ حدي‬ḥadiya a to remain, stay (‫ ب‬at a place), ‫ حذف‬ḥadf shortening, curtailing,
stick (‫ ب‬to a place) cutting off, trimming, etc.; canceling,
cancellation, striking off, crossing off,
2
‫ حادى عشر‬see ‫احد‬ deletion; omission, dropping, suppression;
3
□ ‫ حداية‬ḥidāya, ḥiddāya = ‫ حدأة‬ḥid’a (gram.) elision, ellipsis, apocopation
‫ حذر‬ḥadira a (ḥidr, ḥadar) to be cautious, ‫ حذافير‬ḥadāfīr2: ‫ اخذه بحذافيره‬he took all of
wary, to beware (‫ من‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of s.o., of it, he took it lock, stock and barrel
s.th.), be on one’s guard (‫ من‬or ‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ ‫ حذق‬ḥadiqa a, ḥadaqa i (ḥidq, ‫ حذاقة‬ḥadāqa)
against) II to warn, caution (‫ من ه‬s.o. of to be skilled, skillful, well-versed,
or about), put (‫ ه‬s.o.) on his guard (‫من‬ proficient (‫ هـ‬or ‫ في‬in s.th.), master (‫هـ‬
against) III to watch out, be 163 careful; s.th.); -- ḥadaqa u (‫ حذوق‬ḥudūq) to turn
to be on one’s guard (‫ ه‬against), be wary ( sour (milk) V to feign skillfulness,
‫ ه‬of s.o.) V to beware, be wary (‫ من‬of) proficiency, cleverness or smartness
VIII = I
‫ حذق‬ḥidq and ‫ حذاقة‬ḥadāqa skill,
‫ حذر‬ḥidr and ḥadar caution, dexterity, proficiency; smartness,
watchfulness, alertness, wariness, cleverness, intelligence; perspicacity,
circumspection; precaution │‫اخذ حذره‬ sagacity, acumen
(ḥadarahū) to be on one’s guard; ‫على جذر‬
‫ حاذق‬ḥādiq pl. ‫ حذاق‬ḥuddāq skillful, etc.), pure, unadulterated; free; living in
skilled, proficient; well-versed, clever, freedom; freeman; independent; free
smart; intelligent; sour unrestrained; liberal (pol.; ‫ الحرار‬the
Liberals); frank, candid, open (‫على‬
‫ حذلق‬II taḥadlaqa to pretend to be clever or
toward s.o.); free, available, uninvested
skilful, feign skiIl or knowledge; to be
pedantic (money) │‫( الحتياط الحر‬ihtiyaṭī) free
reserves, unencumbered reserves; ‫من حر‬
‫ حذلقة‬ḥadlaqa skillfulness, dexterity ‫ ماله‬min ḥurr mālihī with his own cash,
(‫ حذا )حذو‬ḥadā u: ‫( حذا حذوه‬ḥadwahū) to with funds at his disposal
imitate s.o., take after s.o., follow s.o.’s ‫ حرة‬ḥarra pl. -āt stony area; volcanic
example III to be opposite s.th. (‫ )هـ‬face, country, lava field
parallel (‫ هـ‬s.th.), run parallel (‫ هـ‬to) VI to
be opposite each other, be parallel VIII to ‫ حرية‬ḥurrīya pl. -āt freedom, liberty;
independence, unrestraint, license (e.g.,
imitate, copy (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬s.o. s.th., also ‫هـ‬
poetic) │ ‫ حرية العبادة‬ḥ. al-‘ibāda
s.th.), take or follow (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬s.o., s.th.,
freedom of worship; ‫ حرية الفكر‬ḥ. al-fikr
also ‫ هـ‬s.th.) as an example or model; to
freedom of thought; ‫ حرية الكلم‬ḥ. al-
be shod; to wear (‫ هـ‬s.th.) as footgear
kalām freedom of speech; ‫( حرية النشر‬or
‫ حذو‬ḥadwa (prep.) opposite, face to ‫ )الصحافة‬ḥ. an-našr (aṣ-ṣiḥafa) liberty of
face with │‫ حذوك النعل بالنعل‬ḥadwaka the press
n-na‘la bi-n-na‘li in a completely
identical manner, to a T, like two peas in a ‫ حرير‬ḥarīr silk; pl. ‫ حرائر‬ḥarā’ir2 (
pod ‫ )حراير‬silken wares, silks │‫حرير صخري‬
(ṣaḳrī) asbestos; ‫ حرير صناعي‬rayon
‫ حذاء‬ḥidā’ pl. ‫ احذية‬aḥdiya shoe;
sandal │‫ صانغ الحذية‬shoemaker ‫ حريري‬ḥarīrī silken, silky, of silk

‫ حذاء‬ḥidā’a (prep.) and ‫ بحذاء‬bi-ḥidā’i ‫ حرائري‬ḥarā’irī silken, silk- (in


opposite, face to face with compounds), of silk; silk weaver

‫ حذاء‬ḥaddā’ shoemaker, cobbler ‫ حرار‬ḥarrār ssailk weaver

‫‘ محاذاة )في( على‬alā (fī) muḥādāti ‫ حرارة‬ḥarāra heat; warmth; fever heat,
along, alongside of, parallel to fever; temperature; ardor, fervor (of
emotion), passion; eagerness, enthusiasm,
‫ احتذاء‬iḥtidā’ imitation, copying zeal; vehemence, violence, intensity;
‫ محاذ‬muḥādin opposite, facing burning (of the skin)

‫ حر‬ḥarra u i (ḥarr, ‫ حرارة‬ḥarāra) to be hot II ‫ حريرة‬ḥuraira pl. -āt calorie


to liberate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to free, set free, 164 ‫ حراري‬ḥarārī thermal, thermic,
release (‫ ه‬s.o.); to emancipate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to thermo-, heat (used attributively); caloric
consecrate (‫ ه‬s.o.) to the service of God; │‫( وحدة حرارية‬waḥda) calorie
to clarify, clear up, make clear (‫ ه‬s.th.); to
O ‫ حرارية‬ḥarārīya pl. -āt calorie
formulate precisely, phrase accurately,
define exactly, pinpoint (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to revise ‫ حرور‬ḥarūr f., pl. ‫ حرائر‬ḥarā’ir2 hot-
(‫ هـ‬a book); to edit, redact (‫ هـ‬a book, a wind
periodical); to write, pen, indite, compose, ‫ حران‬ḥarrān2, f. ‫ حرى‬ḥarrā, pl. ‫حرار‬
compile (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to become free; to be ḥirār, ‫ حرارى‬ḥarārā thirsty; passionate,
freed, be liberated (‫ من‬from); to be fervent, hot (fig.) │‫( زفرة حرى‬zafra) a
emancipated VIII to be kindled, be heated, fervent sigh; ‫ دموع حرى‬hot tears
flare up
‫ احر‬aḥarr2 hotter, warmer │ ‫على احر‬
‫ حر‬ḥarr heat, warmth
‫( من الجمر‬jamr) on pins and needles, on
‫ حر‬ḥurr pl. m. ‫ احرار‬aḥrār, pl. f. ‫حرائر‬ tenterhooks, in greatest suspense or
ḥarā’ir2 noble, free-bom; genuine (jewels, excitement
O ‫ محر‬miḥarr heating system, heating ‫ حربة‬ḥarba pl. ‫ حراب‬ḥirāb lance,
installation spear; spearhead; bayonet, sidearm
‫ تحرير‬taḥrīr liberation; release; ‫ حرباء‬ḥirbā’ pl. ‫ حرابى‬ḥarābīy
emancipation; record(ing), writing; chameleon (zool.)
editing, redaction; editorship (of a
‫ وا حرباه‬wā ḥarabāh! (exclamation of
newspaper, a periodical); (pl. -āt, ‫تحارير‬ lament) alas! goodness no! oh my!
taḥārīr2) piece of writing, record, brief,
document │ ‫ رئيس التحرير‬editor-in-chief; ‫ محراب‬miḥrāb pl. ‫ محارب‬maḥārib2 a
‫ ادارة التحرير‬board of editors, editorial recess in a mosque indicating the direction
staff of prayer, prayer niche, mihrab
‫ تحريري‬taḥrīrī liberational; ‫ محاربة‬muḥāraba struggle, combat,
emancipational; liberal; recorded in fight, battle; warfare
writing, written, in writing ‫ احتراب‬iḥtirāb mutual struggle
‫ حار‬ḥār hot; warm; ardent, glowing, ‫ محارب‬muḥārib warring, belligerent;
fervent, passionate warrior, combatant, fighter; corporal (Eg.
‫ محرور‬maḥrūr hot-tempered, hot- 1939)
headed, fiery, passionate, furious ‫ المتحاربون‬al-mutaḥāribūn the belligerents,
‫ محرر‬muḥarrir pl. -ūn liberator, the warring parties
emancipator; writer, clerk; editor (of a ‫ حربوشة‬ḥarbūša pl. ‫( حرابش‬ḥarābiš2 (tun.)
newspaper, of a periodical) pastille, pill
‫ محرر‬muḥarrar consecrated to God; let ‫ حرث‬ḥarata i u (ḥart) to plow (‫ هـ‬the soil); to
down in writing, recorded in writing, cultivate, till (‫ هـ‬the ground)
written; booked; pl. ‫ محررات‬booking,
entries ‫ حرث‬ḥart plowing, tilling, tillage,
cultivation of the soil; arable land, tilth;
‫ متحرر‬mutaḥarrir emancipated; an plantation, culture
advocate of emancipation 165
‫ حرثة‬ḥarta (n. un.) arable land, tilth
‫ حرب‬ḥariba a (ḥarab) to be furious, enraged,
angry III to fight, combat (‫ ه‬s.o.) battle, ‫ حراثة‬ḥirāta cultivation of the soil,
wage war (‫ ه‬against s.o.) VI to fight (one farming, agriculture
another), be engaged in war VIII = VI ‫ حراث‬ḥarrāt plowman
‫( حرب‬ḥarb f., pl. ‫ حروب‬ḥurūb war, warfare; ‫ محراث‬miḥrāt pl. ‫ محارث‬maḥārit2
fight, combat, battle; enemy, enemies ( plow
‫ على‬or ‫ ل‬of s.o.) │ ‫( حرب اهلية‬ahlīya)
‫ حارث‬ḥārit pl. ‫ حراث‬ḥurrāt plowman
civil war; ‫( حرب صحافية‬ṣiḥāfīya) press
│‫ ابو الحارث‬abū l-ḥārit lion
feud; ‫( الحروب الصليبية‬ṣalībīya) the
Crusades; ‫‘( الحرب العظمى‬uẓmā), ‫الحرب‬ ‫ حرج‬ḥarija a (ḥaraj) to be close, tight narrow;
‫‘( العالمية‬ālamīya), ‫الحرب العامة‬ to be straitened, be confined, get into a
(‘āmma) World War I; ‫كشفت الحرب عن‬ strait, be cornered, be hard pressed; to be
‫ ساقها‬kašafat il-ḥarbu ‘an sāqihā and oppressed, be anguished (heart); to be
‫ قامت الحرب على ساق‬qāmat il-ḥ. ‘alā forbidden (‫ على‬to s.o.) to narrow, tighten,
sāqin war flared up, fierce fighting broke straiten (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to complicate (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
out make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) difficult; to forbid (‫على هـ‬
s.th. to s.o.); to persist (J in s.th.) IV to
‫ حربي‬ḥarbī warlike, bellicose, narrow, straiten, confine, cramp. hamper,
belligerent, martial, war (adj.), military;
impede, restrict (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to complicate,
(pl. -ūn) warrior, soldier, military man │
make difficult, aggravate, jeopardize (‫هـ‬
‫( البوليس الحربي‬būlīs) military police
situation, s.o.’s position); to embarrass (‫ه‬
s.o.); to coerce, constrain, press (‫ الى ه‬s.o.
to); to forbid (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to s.o.) V to ‫ حارد‬ḥārid, ‫ حرد‬ḥarid and ‫حردان‬
refrain from sin or evildoing; to abstain, ḥardān annoyed, disgruntled, angry,
refrain (‫ من‬from), avoid (‫ من‬s.th.); to be furious
cornered, be forced to the wall; to become ‫ حرذون‬ḥardaun pl. ‫ حراذين‬ḥarādīn2 lizard
or be oppressed, anguished, distressed; to
become critical, become complicated or ‫ حرز‬ḥaraza u (ḥarz) to keep, guard, protect,
difficult, be aggravated (situation), be preserve (‫ هـ‬s.th.), take care (‫ هـ‬of); --
jeopardized (s.o.’s position) │ ‫تحرج صدره‬ ḥaruza u (‫ حرازة‬ḥarāza) to be strong be
(‫( من )ب‬ṣadruhū) to feel depressed by, strongly fortified, be impregnable IV to
feel annoyed at; ‫ تحرج به الناس‬this made keep, preserve, guard (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to obtain,
things difficult for people attain, achieve, win (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫احرز نصرا‬
(‫( )انتصارا‬naṣran) to win a victory; ‫احرز‬
‫( حرج‬ḥaraj closeness, tightness,
narrowness; confinement, straitness. ‫( قصب السبق‬qaṣaba s-sabq) to come
constriction, crampedness; restriction, through with flying colors, carry the day,
impediment; oppression, distress, anguish; score a great success V to be wary (‫من‬
difficulty; critical situation; prohibition, of), be on one’s guard (‫ من‬against) VIII to
interdiction; s.th. forbidden, s.th. be wary (‫ من‬of), guard, be on one’s guard
interdicted, sin │‫( ل حرج‬ḥaraja) there is (‫ من‬against), be careful, take heed, take
no 166 objection; ‫ ل حرج عليك‬nothing precautions
stands in your way, you are at liberty ‫ حرز‬pl. ‫ احراز‬aḥrāz fortified place;
‫ حرج‬ḥaraj (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt, ‫حرج‬ refuge, sanctuary, retreat; custody; (pl. ‫احر‬
ḥirāj, ‫ احراج‬aḥrāj thicket; dense forest; ‫ حروز‬,‫ )از‬amulet
woodland, timberland ‫ حريز‬ḥarīz strongly fortified, guarded;
‫ حرج‬ḥarij narrow, close, tight, inaccessible, impregnable
confined, straitened; oppressed, hard ‫ احراز‬iḥrāz acquisition, acquirement,
pressed, harassed; critical (situation, obtainment, attainment, achievement,
position) winning, gaining
‫ احرج‬aḥrāj2 narrower, closer, tighter, ‫ احتراز‬iḥtirāz pl. -āt caution, wariness,
more straitened; more critical prudence, circumspection; reservation,
‫ حراج‬ḥarāg (eg.) auction reserve │‫ بكل الحتراز‬with all reservation
‫ حراجة‬ḥarāja seriousness, gravity, O ‫ حارزة‬ḥāriza fuse (el.)
difficulty, complicatedness (of a situation) ‫ محرز‬muḥriz obtainer, acquirer,
‫ تحريج‬taḥrīj forestation, afforestation winner, gainer; possessor, holder (‫ على‬of
s.th.)
‫ حرج‬taḥarruj restraint, reserve,
aloofness; timidity, diffidence, faint- ‫ حرس‬ḥarasa u (ḥars, ‫ حراسة‬ḥirāsa) to
heartedness; critical complication, gravity, guard, watch, control (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.); to
difficulty (of a situation) oversee, supervise, superintend (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th.,
‫ حرج‬muḥarrijāt: ‫ محرجات اليمان‬m. s.o.); to secure, protect, safeguard,
al-aimān binding, committing, or solemn, preserve, keep (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.); to watch (
oaths ‫ على‬over) V and VIII to beware, be wary
(‫ من‬of), guard, be on one’s guard (‫من‬
‫ محرج‬muḥrij disconcerting, against)
embarrassing
‫ حرس‬ḥaras watch; guard, escort;
‫ متحرج‬mutaḥarrij: ‫ متحرج الصدر‬m. bodyguard │‫( الحرس السيار‬sayyār)
aṣ-ṣadr annoyed, vexed, anguished, militia, "garde mobile" (syr.) │ ‫حرس‬
oppressed
‫ الشرف‬ḥ. aš-šaraf honor guard; ‫الحرس‬
‫ حرد‬ḥarida a (ḥarad) to be annoyed, ‫( الملكي‬malakī) the royal guard (formerly
disgruntled, angry, furious (‫ على‬at, with) Ir., Eg.); ‫( الحرس الملوكي‬mulūkī)
(formerly) bodyguard of the Bey (Tun.); ‫ تحريش‬taḥrīš instigation, prodding,
‫( الحرس الوطني‬waṭanī) the National incitement, provocation, agitation,
Guard incensement
‫ حراسة‬ḥirāsa guarding, watching, ‫ تحرش‬taḥarruš provocation,
control; watch, guard, guard duty; importunity, obtrusion, meddling,
supervision, superintendence; uncalled-for interference
guardianship, tutelage, custody, care,
‫ حرشف‬ḥaršaf pl. ‫ حراشف‬ḥarāšif2 scales (of
protection; safe conduct, escort;
fish)
administration; administration of an estate
(jur.); sequester │‫ حراسة السواحل‬coast ‫ حرص‬ḥaraṣa i and ḥariṣa a (ḥirṣ) to desire,
guard 167 want, covet (‫ على‬s.th.); to be intent, be
bent (‫ على‬on); to strive (‫ على‬for), aspire (
‫ احتراس‬iḥtirās caution, wariness,
prudence; (pl. -āt) precaution, ‫ على‬to)
precautionary measure │‫ احتراسا من‬for ‫ حرص‬ḥirṣ greed, avidity, cupidity,
protection from or against covetousness; desire; aspiration, endeavor,
‫ حارس‬ḥāris pl. ‫ حرسة‬ḥarasa, ‫حراس‬ wish (‫ على‬for); avarice │‫ حرصا على‬in
ḥurrās vigilant, watchful; watchman; the desire for …, in the endeavor to …;
sentry, sentinel, guard; overseer, ‫ حرصا على الرواح‬danger! (on warning
supervisor, superintendent; administrator; signs)
guardian, custodian, keeper, protector, ‫ حريص‬ḥarīṣ pl. ‫ حراص‬ḥirāṣ, ‫حرصاء‬
tutelary (in compounds) │‫ حارس التركة‬ḥ. ḥuraṣā’2 covetous, greedy, avid, eager (
at-tirka administrator of aD estate; ‫حارس‬ ‫ على‬for); bent (‫ على‬on), desirous (‫على‬
‫ الخواتم‬keeper of the seal; ‫حارس المرمى‬ of)
ḥ. al-marmā goal keeper; ‫حارس قضائي‬
‫ احرص‬aḥraṣ more covetous, greedier
(qaḍā’ī) sequestrator, receiver (in
bankruptcy, in equity); ‫ملك حارس‬ ‫ حرض‬II to goad, prod, spur on, egg on, incite,
(mal’ak) guardian angel (Chr.); ‫حارس‬ rouse, provoke (‫ على ه‬s.o. to s.th. or to do
‫ الليل‬ḥ. al-lail night watchman s.th.); to instigate, abet, stir up, agitate (
‫ على ه‬s.o. to or against); O to induce (el.)
‫ محروس‬maḥrūs guarded, safeguarded,
secured; protected (by God; esp. used ss ‫ تحريض‬taḥrīḍ incitement, provocation;
an epithet after the names of cities); instigation, abetment, agitation (‫ على‬to);
‫ المحرسون‬the children, the family inflammatory propaganda (‫ على‬against
s.o.); O induction (el.) │ ‫تحريض ذاتي‬
‫ محترس‬muḥtaris cautious, wary,
self-induction (el.)
careful
‫ تحريضي‬taḥrīḍī inciting, instigative,
‫ حرش‬ḥaraša i (ḥarš) to scratch (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
agitative, inflammatory; provocative
s.th.) II to instigate, prod, incite, provoke,
incense (‫ ه‬s.o.); to set (‫ بين‬people against ‫ حارض‬ḥāriḍ bad, wicked, evil
each other), sow discord, dissension (‫بين‬ ‫ محرض‬muḥarriḍ pl. -ūn inciter, baiter;
among) V to pick a quarrel, start a brawl ( instigator, abettor; demagogue, rabble
‫ ب‬with s.o.) provoke (‫ ب‬s.o.) rouser; agitator, provocator; O inductor
‫ حرش‬ḥirš, ḥurš pl. ‫ احراش‬aḥrāš, ‫حرو‬ (el.)
‫ ش‬ḥurūš forest, wood(s) ‫ متحرض‬mutaḥarriḍ O induced (el.)
‫ حرش‬ḥariš and ‫ احرش‬aḥraš, rough, ‫ حرف‬II to slant, incline, make oblique (‫هـ‬
coarse, scabrous s.th.); to bend off, up, down or back, turn
‫ حرش‬ḥaraš, ‫ حرشة‬ḥurša, ‫حراشة‬ up, down or back, deflect (‫هـ‬s.th.); to
ḥarāša roughness, coarseness, distort, corrupt, twist, pervert,
scabrousness misconstrue, falsify (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫حرفه عن‬
‫‘( موضعه‬an mauḍi‘ihī) to distort the sense
of 168 s.th., rob s.th. of its true meaning V ‫ حرفة‬ḥirfa pl. ‫ حرف‬ḥiraf profession,
to turn off, branch off, take a turning; to occupation, vocation, business, craft, trade
deviate, depart, digress (‫ عن‬from); to
‫ حريف‬ḥarīf pl. ‫ حرفاء‬ḥurafā’2 customer,
avoid (‫ عن‬s.th.); to be or become bent off, patron, client (tun.)
distorted, corrupted, perverted VII to tum
off, branch off, ta.ke a turning; to deviate, ‫ حريف‬ḥirrīf pungent, acrid (taste); ‫حريف‬
depart, digress, turn away (‫ عن‬from); to ‫ ات‬spicy food, delicacies
slope down, slant, be inclined (terrain); to ‫ حرافة‬ḥarāfa pungency, acridity (taste)
turn (‫ الى‬to, toward); to be twisted, be
distorted; to be oblique, slanting; to be ‫ تحريف‬taḥrīf pl. -āt alteration, change;
cocked, rakish (headgear); with ‫ ب‬to distortion; perversion, corruption, esp.
make s.th. appear oblique, slanted, or phonetic corruption of a word
distorted; to be corrupted, perverted │ ‫انح‬ ‫ انحراف‬inḥirāf pl. -āt deviation,
‫ رف به عن‬to dissuade s.o. from; ‫انحرف‬ digression; obliqueness, obliquity,
‫( مزاجه‬mizājuhū) to be indisposed, be ill inclination, slant; declination (astrom.);
VIII to do (‫ هـ‬s.th.) professionally, ailment, indisposition, also ‫انحراف المزاج‬
practice (‫ هـ‬s.th.) as a profession; to strive
‫ احتراف‬iḥtirāf professional pursuit (of a
for success
trade, etc.)
‫ حرف‬ḥarf pl. ‫ حرف‬ḥiraf (cutting) edge
‫ محرف‬muḥarraf corrupted (word)
(of a knife, of a sword); sharp edge;
border, edge, rim, brink, verge; -- (pl. ‫حرو‬ ‫ منحرف‬munḥarif oblique; slanted,
‫ ف‬ḥurūf, ‫ احرف‬aḥruf) letter; consonant; slanting, sloping, inclined; distorted,
particle (gram.); type (typ.) │‫على حرف‬ perverted, corrupted, twisted; deviating,
irresolute, wavering, on the fence; ‫الفاظه‬ divergent; trapezium (geom.)
‫ بحروفها‬alfāẓuhū bi-ḥurūfihā his words ‫ محترف‬muḥtarif one gainfully
literally; ‫ بالحرف‬or ‫بالحرف الواحد‬ employed (‫ ب‬in), person doing s.th. (‫)ب‬
literally, verbatim, to the letter; ‫حرفا‬ professionally; professional, a pro
‫ بحرف‬ḥarfan bi-ḥarfin literally, word for (sports); professional (adj.), e.g., ‫صحافي‬
word; ‫( وقع بالحرف الولى‬waqqa‘a, ūlā) ‫( محترف‬ṣiḥāfī) professional journalist;
to initial (e.g., ‫ معاهدة‬mu‘āhadatan a climber, careerist
treaty); ‫( الحروف البجدية‬abjadīya) the
‫ محترف‬muḥtaraf pl. -āt studio, atelier
alphabetic letters, the alphabet; ‫حروف‬
‫ مجموعة‬matter (typ.); ‫الحروف الشمسية‬ ‫ حرق‬ḥaraqa i (ḥarq) to burn (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
(šamsīya) the sun letters (i.e., sibilants, burn, hurt, sting, smart │‫حرق قلبه‬
dentals, r, l, n to which the l of the article (qalbahū), pl. ‫( حرق قلوبهم‬qulūbahum) to
assimilates), ‫( الحروف القمرية‬qamarīya) vex, exasperate s.o.; -- u (ḥarq) to rub
the moon letters (to which the l of the together (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to burn (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫حرق‬
article does not assimilate); ‫ حرف الجر‬ḥ ‫( اسنانه‬asnānahū) to gnash one’s teeth V
al-jarr preposition (gram.) ‫حرف الخفض‬ to burn (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to destroy by fire (‫هـ‬
ḥ al-ḳafḍ do.; ‫ حرف التعريف‬article s.th.); to singe, scorch, parch (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
(gram.); ‫ حرف العطف‬ḥ al-‘aṭf scald (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to kindle, ignite, set on fire
coordinating conjunction (gram.); ‫حرف‬ (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫(احرق فحمة ليله في‬faḥmata
‫ الستفهام‬interrogative particle (gram.); lailihī) to spend the night doing 169
‫ حرف القسم‬ḥ. al-qasam particle (s.th.), burn the midnight oil over… V to
introducing oaths (gram.) burn, be aflame, burn up, take fire, he
consumed hy fire, he burned; to be
‫ حرفي‬ḥarfī literal
consumed (by an emotion), pine away (‫هـ‬
‫ حرف‬ḥurf common garden pepper cress with), he pained (‫ هـ‬by), eat one’s heart
(Lepidium sativum L.; bot.) out │‫( تحرق شوقا‬šauqan) to be overcome
with longing or nostalgia VIII to burn, be
aflame, burn up, take fire, be consumed by ‫ حرقد‬ḥarqada pl. ‫ حراقد‬ḥarāqid2 Adam’s
fire, he burned apple
‫ حرق‬ḥarq burning, incineration, ‫ حرقفة‬ḥarqafa pl. ‫ حراقف‬ḥarāqif2 protruding
combustion; kindling, igniting, setting part of the hipbone
afire; arson, incendiarism; pl. ‫حروق‬
‫ حرك‬II to move, set in motion, drive, propel,
ḥurūq burn (med.)
operate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to march, move (‫ه‬
‫ حرق‬ḥaraq fire, conflagration troops); to stir (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to start, get
‫ حرقة‬ḥurqa, ḥarqa burning, started, get underway (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to agitate,
incineration, combustion; stinging, excite, stimulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to incite,
smarting, burning (as a physical instigate, goad, prod, provoke, actuate,
sensation); torture, torment, agony, pain, urge (‫ على ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); to awaken,
ordeal arouse, foment, stir up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to vowel,
vowelize (gram., ‫ هـ‬a consonant) │ ‫حرك‬
‫ حراق‬ḥurāq, ḥurraq tinder
‫( مشاعره‬mašā‘irahū) to grip, excite,
‫ حراق‬ḥarrāq hurning, aflame, afire; hot thrill s.o.; ‫ حرك العواطف‬to affect the
‫ حريق‬ḥarīq and ‫ حريقة‬pl. ‫حرائق‬ feelings, be touching, moving, pathetic; ‫ل‬
ḥarā’iq2 fire; conflagration ‫( يحرك ساكنا‬sākinan) he doesn’t budge,
he doesn’t hend his little finger, he
O ‫ حراقة‬ḥarrāqa torpedo remains immobile, apathetic; ‫حرك ساكنه‬
‫ حرقان‬ḥaraqān burning, stinging, (sākinahū) to rouse s.o., put s.o. in a state
smarting (as a painful sensation; e.g., of of excitement, commotion or agitation V
the feet) to move, be in motion, stir, hudge; to start
moving, get moving; to start out, get
O ‫ محرق‬maḥraq pl. ‫ محارق‬maḥāriq2 underway (traveler); to depart, leave
focus (phys.) (train); to put out, to sail (fleet); to he set
‫ تحاريق‬taḥārīq2 (Eg.) season of the in motion, be driven, be operated; to be
Nile’s lowest water level, hottest season of agitated, be excited, be stimulated; to be
the year awakened, be roused, be fomented, be
provoked, be caused
‫ احراق‬burning, incineration,
combustion ‫ حرك‬ḥarik lively, active, brisk, agile,
nimble
‫ تحرق‬taḥarruq buming, combustion;
burning desire ‫ حركة‬ḥaraka pl. -āt movement, motion;
commotion; physical exercise; stirring,
‫ احتراق‬iḥtirāq burning, combustion; impulse; proceeding, procedure, policy;
fire, conflagration │O ‫غرفة الحتراق‬ action, undertaking, enterprise; military
gurfat al-i. combustion chamber (techn.); 170 operation; continuation, progress;
‫ قابل الحتراق‬qābil al-i. combustible traffic (rail, ohipplng, otreet); movement
‫ حارق‬ḥāriq arsonist, incendiary (as a social phenomenon); vowel (gram.)
│‫( في حركاته وسكناته‬sakanātihī) in all
‫ محروق‬maḥrūq burned, charred, his doings; in every situation; ‫حركة‬
scorched, parched; reddish, hronze- ‫( المرور‬through) traffic; ‫حركة المراكب‬
colored; pl. ‫ محروقات‬maḥrūqāt fuel │ shipplng traffic; ‫ حركة البضائع‬exchange of
‫(فخار محروق‬faḳḳār) fired clay goods; ‫ حركة الموال‬turnover (com.);
‫ محرق‬muḥriq: ‫( قنبلة محرقة‬qunbula) ‫( الحركة النسوية‬niswīya) feminist
incendiary bomb movement; ‫ خفيف الحركة‬nimble, lithe,
light, quick, agile, adroit; ‫ثقيل الحركة‬
O ‫ محرق‬muḥraq crematory
slow in motion, heavy-handed, clumsy,
‫ محرقة‬maḥraqa burnt sacrifice sluggish, lumbering, inert, indolent
O ‫ حركي‬ḥarakī kinetic (phys.)
‫ حراك‬ḥarāk movement, motion sacred, holy, inviolable; to deem (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
unlawful or unpermissible
‫ محرك‬maḥrak path, trajectory (of a
projectile) ‫ حرم‬ḥirm excommunication (Chr.)
‫ محراك‬miḥrāk poker, fire iron ‫ حرم‬ḥaram p1. ‫ احرام‬aḥrām
forbidden, prohibited, interdicted; taboo;
‫ تحريكي‬taḥrīkī dynamic
holy, sacred, sacrosanct; s.th. sacred,
‫ تحرك‬taḥarruk pl. -āt movement, sacred object; sacred possession; wife;
motion; forward motion; start; departure; sanctum, sanctuary, sacred precinct;
sailing (of a fleet) ‫ الحرمان‬the two Holy Places, Mecca and
‫ حارك‬ḥārik withers Medina │‫ ثالث الحرمين‬tālit al-ḥaramain
the third Holy Place, i.e., Jerusalem
‫ محرك‬muḥarrik mover, stirrer; rouser,
inciter, fomenter, awakener, agent; ‫ حرمة‬ḥurma pl. -āt, ḥurumāt, ḥuramāt
instigator; -- (pl. -M) motive, springs, holiness, sacredness, sanctity,
incentive, spur, motivating circumstance, sacrosanctity, inviolability; reverence,
causative factor; motor, engine (tech.) veneration, esteem, deference, respect;
that which is holy, sacred, sacrosanct,
‫ متحرك‬mutaḥarrik moving, movable, inviolable, or taboo; -- (pl. ‫ حرم‬ḥuram)
mobile; pronounced with following woman, lady; wife
vowel, voweled, vowelized (consonant;
gram.) │‫( صور متحركة‬ṣuwar) movies, ‫ حرام‬ḥarām pl. ‫ حرم‬ḥurum forbidden,
motion pictures interdicted, prohibited, unlawful; s.th.
forbidden, offense, sin; inviolable, taboo;
‫ حركث‬ḥarkata (and ‫ حركش‬ḥarkaša) to stir sacred, sacrosanct; cursed, accursed │ ‫ابن‬
up, agitate, excite, thrill ‫ حرام‬ibn ḥ. illegitimate son, bastard; 171
‫ حرم‬ḥaruma u, ḥarima a to be forbidden, ‫ الراضي الحرام‬no man’s land; neutral
prohibited, interdicted, unlawful, territory; ‫( البيت الحرام‬bait) the Kaaba;
unpermitted (‫ على‬to s.o.); -- ḥarama i ‫( الشهر الحرام‬šahr) the Holy Month
(ḥirm, ‫ حرمان‬ḥirmān) to deprive, bereave, Muharram; ‫( المسجد الحرام‬masjid) the
dispossess, divest (‫ هـ ه‬or ‫ من ه‬s.o. of Holy Mosque in Mecca; ‫ حرام عليك‬you
s.th.) take away, withdraw, withhold (‫هـ ه‬ mustn’t do (say) that! ‫ بالحرام‬illicitly,
or ‫ هـ من‬or ‫ ه‬form s.o. s.th.), deny, refuse illegally, unlawfully
(‫ هـ ه‬or ‫ هـ من‬or ‫ من ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to ‫ حرام‬ḥirām pl. -āt, ‫ احرمة‬aḥrima a
exclude, debar, preclude, cut off (‫ هـ ه‬or woolen blanket (worn as a garment around
‫ من ه‬s.o. from s.th.); to excommunicate ( head and body)
‫ ه‬s.o.) II to declare (‫ هـ‬s.th.) sacred,
‫ حريم‬ḥarīm pl. ‫ حرم‬ḥurum a sacred,
sacrosanct, inviolable, or taboo, to taboo (
inviolable place, sanctum, sanctuary,
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to declare (‫ هـ‬s.th.) unlawful, not
sacred, precinct; harem; female members
permissible, forbid, interdict, proscribe (‫هـ‬ of the family, women; wife
s.th., j. to s.o.); to render (‫ ه‬s.o.) immune
or proof (‫ من‬against), immunize (‫من ه‬ ‫ حريمي‬ḥarīmī women’s (in
s.o. against) │‫ حرمه على نفسه‬to deny compounds), for women
o.s. s.th., abstain, refrain from s.th. IV to ‫ حروم‬ḥurūm pl. -āt excommunication
excommunicate (‫ ه‬s.o.; Chr.); to enter into (Chr.)
the state of ritual consecration (esp., of a
Mecca pilgrim; see ‫ احرام‬iḥrām) V to be ‫ حرامي‬ḥarāmī pl. -īya thief, robber,
forbidden, interdicted, prohibited; to be bandit
holy, sacred, sacrosanct, inviolable VIII to ‫ حرمان‬ḥirmān deprivation,
honor, revere, venerate, esteem, respect ( bereavement, dispossession (of s.o., ‫ من‬of
‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) │‫ احترم نفسه‬to be self- s.th.) debarment, exclusion, preclusion (
respecting X to deem (‫ هـ‬s.th.) sacrosanct, ‫ من‬from); excommunication (CHr.);
privation │‫ حرمان الرث‬ḥ. al-irt ‫ حرن‬ḥarana, ḥaruna u (‫ حرن‬ḥiran, ḥuran) to
exclusion from inheritance, disinheritance be obstinate, stubborn, headstrong
(Isl. Law)
‫ حرون‬ḥarūn pl. ‫ حرن‬ḥurun obstinate,
‫ محرم‬maḥram pl. ‫ محارم‬maḥārim 2
stubborn, refractory, reluctant, resistant
s.th. forbidden. inviolable, taboo,
‫ حارون‬ḥārūn brazior
sacrosanct, holy, or sacred;
unmarriageable, being in a degree of ‫ حروة‬ḥarwa burning; wrath, rage; acridity,
consanguinity precluding marriage (Isl. pungency (of taste); pungent, disagreeable
Law) odor
‫ محرمة‬maḥrama pl. ‫ محارم‬maḥārim2 ‫ حرى‬V to seek, pursue (‫ هـ‬s.th.), strive (‫هـ‬
handkerchief for), asplre (‫ هـ‬to); to examine, investigate
‫ تحريم‬taḥrīm forbiddance, interdiction, (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to inquire (‫ عن‬or ‫ هـ‬into), make
prohibition, ban inquiries (‫ عن‬or ‫ هـ‬about); to be intent (‫هـ‬
on s.th.), take cars (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), attend (‫هـ‬
‫ احرام‬iḥrām state of ritual consecration to s.th., also ‫)في‬, look (‫ هـ‬after s.th., also
of the Mecca pilgrim (during which the ‫ ;)في‬to see to it (‫ ان‬that) 172
pilgrim, wearing two seamless woolen or
linen sheets, usually white, neither combs ‫ بالحرى‬bi-l-ḥarā hardly, barely
nor shaves, and observes sexual ‫ حرى‬ḥarīy pl. ‫ احرياء‬aḥriyā’ adequate,
continence); garments of the Mecca
appropriate, suitable (‫ ب‬for), worthy (‫ب‬
pilgrim
of s.th.) │ ‫( حرى بالذكر‬dikr) worth
‫ احترام‬iḥtirām pl. -āt deference, mentioning, considerable; ‫حري بالتصديق‬
respect, regard, esteem, reverence; credible, believable; ‫ او بالحري‬or to be
honoring (e.g., of a privilege); pl. honors, exact, or rather
respects, tributes
‫ احرى‬aḥrā more adequate, more
‫ محروم‬maḥrūm deprived, bereaved, proper, more appropriate │ ‫ او بالحرى‬or
bereft (‫ من‬of); excluded, precluded, to tell the truth, or more explicitly, or put
debarred (‫ من‬from); suffering privation more exactly, or rather
(as opposed to ‫ ;)مرزوق‬excommunicated
‫ تحر‬taḥarrin pl. ‫ تحريات‬taḥarriyāt
(Chr.)
inquiry; investigation │ ‫شرطة التحري‬
‫ محرم‬muḥarram forbidden, šurṭat at-t. or ‫ مصلحة التحري‬maṣlaḥat al-
interdicted; Muharram, name of the first t. secret police
Islamic month; ‫ محرم الحرام‬m. al-ḥarām
honorific name of this month ‫ حز‬ḥazza u (ḥazz) to notch, nick, incise, indent
(‫ في‬s.th.), make an incision, cut (‫ في‬into
‫ محرم‬muḥrim Mecca pilgrim who has s.th.) II and VIII = I
entered the state of ritual consecration (see
‫ احرام‬iḥrām) ‫ حز‬ḥazz pl. ‫ حزوز‬ḥuzūz incision, notch,
nick; the right time, the nick of time
‫ محترم‬muḥtaram honored, revered,
venerated, esteemed, respected; (in the ‫ حزة‬ḥazza incision, notch, nick; tim;
salutation of letters:) my dear …; the right time, the nick of time;
venerable, reverend; notable, remarkable, predicament, plight
considerable ‫ حزاز‬ḥazāz head scurf, ringworm;
‫ حرمل‬ḥarmal African rue (Peganum harmala tetter, eruption (med.)
L.; bot.) ‫ حزازة‬ḥazāza rancor, hatred, hate
‫ حرمل‬ḥarmala pl. ‫ حرامل‬ḥarāmil2 ‫ محز‬maḥazz notch, nick │‫اصاب المحز‬
loose wrap worn over the shoulders to find the right solution, hit the nail on
(garment of the dervishes) the head, hit the mark, strike home
‫ حزب‬ḥazaba u (ḥazb) to befall (‫ ه‬s.o.), ‫حزم‬ḥazm packing, packaging,
happen, occur (‫ ه‬to s.o.) │ ‫ حزب المر‬the wrapping; determination, resoluteness,
matter became serious II to rally (‫ ه‬s.o.); firmness, energy; judiciousness,
to form or found a party 111 to side, take discretion, prudence
sides (‫ ه‬with), be an adherent (‫ ه‬of s.o.) V ‫ حزمة‬ḥuzma pl. ‫ حزم‬ḥuzam s.th.
to take sides; to form a party, make wrapped up or tied up, bundle, fagot,
common cause, join forces fascine; beam of rays, radiation beam
‫ حزب‬ḥizb pl. ‫ احزاب‬aḥzāb group, (phys.); bunch (of herb., etc.); sheaf;
troop, band, gang; party (pol.); the 60th package, parcel
part of the Koran │ ‫ هو من احزابه‬he ‫ حزام‬ḥzām pl. -āt, ‫ احزمة‬aḥzima, ‫حزم‬
belongs to his clique. he is of the ...me ḥuzum belt, girth; girdle; cummerbund,
breed 173 waistband (worn over the caftan to
‫ حزبي‬ḥizbī party (adj.), factional fasten it); sword belt │ ‫ حزام المن‬ḥ. al-
amn wety belt
‫ حزبية‬ḥizbīya party activities;
partisanship, partiality; factionalism ‫ احزم‬aḥzam2 more resolute: more
judicious
‫ حيزبون‬ḥaizabūn old hag
‫ حازم‬ḥāzim pl. ‫ حزمة‬ḥazama and ‫حزيم‬
‫ تحزب‬taḥazzub factiousness; ḥazīm pl. ‫ حزماء‬ḥuzamā’ resolute,
factionalism energetic; judicious, discreet, prudent
‫ حازب‬ḥāzib: ‫ حزبه حازب‬ḥazabahū ‫ حزن‬ḥazana u to make sad, sadden, grieve (‫ه‬
ḥāzib he met with a mishap s.o.); -- ḥazina a (ḥuzn, ḥazan) to be sad,
‫ متحزب‬mutaḥazzib partial, biased; grieved (‫ ل‬or ‫ على‬at or because of): to
partisan grieve. mourn (‫ على‬over) II and IV to
make sad, sadden, grieve (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ حزر‬ḥazara i u (ḥazr, ‫ محزرة‬maḥzara) to
estimate, assess, appraise (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ حزن‬ḥuzn pl. ‫ احزان‬aḥzān sadness,
make a rough estimate (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), guess ( grief, sorrow, affliction
‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ حزن‬ḥazn pl. ‫ حزون‬ḥuzūn rough,
‫ حزر‬ḥazr estimation, assessment, rugged, hard ground
appraisal; conjecture, guess, surmise ‫ حزن‬ḥazin sad, mournful, grieved
‫ حزورة‬ḥazūra riddle, puzzle ‫ حزين‬ḥazīn pl. ‫حزناء‬ḥuzanā’2, ‫حزانى‬
‫ محزرة‬maḥzara estimation, ḥazānā sad; mourning (for a deceased
assessment, appraisal; conjecture, guess, person); sorrowing, mournful, grieved │
surmise ‫( الجمعة الحزينة‬jum‘a) Good Friday
(Chr.)
‫ حزيران‬ḥazīrān June (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)
‫ حزنان‬ḥaznān2 very sad, very grieved,
‫ حزقاني‬ḥuzuqqānī choleric worried; in mourning
‫ حزوقة‬ḥazūqa, ‫ حازوقة‬ḥāzūqa hiccups □ ‫ حزايني‬ḥazāyinī (‫ حزائني‬ḥazā’inī)
‫ حزم‬ḥazama i (ḥazm) to tie up, bundle, wrap sad, mournful, melancholic; mourning (in
up, pack, do up in a package or bundle (‫هـ‬ compounds), mortuary, funereal │ ‫قماش‬
s.th.); to girth (‫ هـ‬an animal); to make fast, ‫( حزايني‬qumāš) cloth for mourning
fasten, tie (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( حزم امره‬amrahū) garments
to take matters firmly in hand; -- ḥazuma ‫ تحزن‬taḥazzun sadness; behavior of a
u (ḥazm, ‫ حزامة‬ḥazāma, ‫ حزومة‬ḥuzūma) mourner
to be resolute, firm, stouthearted, intrepid
II to gird (‫ ه‬s.o.) V and VIII to be girded; ‫ محزون‬maḥzūn grieved, grief-stricken,
to gird o.s. put on a belt pained, sad, saddened
‫ محزن‬muḥzin grievous, saddening; perception (‫ ب‬of s.th.); sensitivity; pl.
sad; melancholic; tragic: ‫محزنات‬ ‫ احساسات‬feelings, sentiments │O
muḥzināt grievous things │ ‫قصة تمثيلية‬ ‫ احساس بالنور‬sensitivity to light; O ‫شديد‬
‫( محزنة‬qiṣṣa tamtīlīya) and ‫رواية محزنة‬ 174 ‫ الحساس‬highly sensitive; ‫احساس‬
(riwāya) tragedy (theat.) ‫( مشترك‬muštarak) feeling of harmony,
‫ حس‬ḥassa (1st pers. perf. ḥasastu) u (ḥass) to concord, unanimity; ‫ قلة الحساس‬qillat
al-i. insensitivity, dullness, obtuseness
curry, currycomb (‫ هـ‬an animal); to feel,
sense (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- ḥassa (1st pers. perf. O ‫ الطائفة الحساسية‬aṭ-ṭā’ifa al-
ḥasistu) a to feel srry, feel sympathy or iḥsāsīya the impressionists
compassion (‫ ل‬for), sympathize (‫ ل‬with), ‫ حاسة‬ḥāssa pl. ‫ حواس‬ḥawāss2
II to grope, feel IV to perceive, sense,
senastion; sense │ ‫ الحواس الخمس‬the
experience (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to feel (‫ هـ‬or ‫ب‬ five senses
s.th.); to notice (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to hear (‫هـ‬
a sound, a noise, etc.); to take notice (‫ ه‬of ‫ محسوس‬maḥsūs felt; sensed;
s.o.) V to grope, probe (‫ هـ‬for s.th.), perceptible, noticeable, palpable, tangible;
finger, handle, touch (‫ هـ‬s.th.), run the appreciable, considerable (e.g., loss); ‫المح‬
hand (‫ هـ‬over s.th.); to grope about, feel ‫ سوس‬that which ill perceptible through
around: to seek information, make the senses; appearance, evidence; ‫المحسو‬
inquiries (‫ من‬about); to sense, experience, ‫ سات‬things perceptible through the senses
perceive (‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.); to feel (‫ ب‬s.th.); to ‫ حسب‬ḥasaba u (ḥasb, ‫ حساب‬ḥisāb, ‫حسبان‬
be affected, be deeply touched (‫ ب‬by ḥisbān, ḥusbān) to compute, reckon,
s.th.) calculate; to count; to charge, debit ( ‫على‬
‫ حس‬ḥass sensation, perception, ‫ هـ‬s.th. to s.o., to s.o.’s account); to credit (
feeling, sentiment ‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to s.o., to s.o.’s account) │
‫( حسب حسابه‬ḥisābahū) to take s.th. or
‫ حس‬ḥiss sensory perception, s.o. into account or into consideration,
sensation; feeling, sentiment; sense; voice; reckon with s.th. or s.o., count on s.th. or
sound; noise
s.o.; ‫( حسابا ل حسب‬ḥisāban) do.; to
‫ حسي‬ḥissī sensory; sensuous; attach importance to s.o. or s.th.; ‫حسب‬
perceptible; palpable │O ‫المذهب الحسي‬ ‫( الف حساب ل‬alfa) to hove a thousand
(madhab) sensationalism, sensualism apprehensions about …; -- ḥasiba a i (
‫ حسيات‬ḥissīyāt sensations ‫ حسبان‬ḥisbān, ‫ محسبا‬maḥsaba, maḥsiba)
to regard (‫ ه ه‬s.o. as), consider, deem (‫ه ه‬
‫ حسيس‬ḥasīs faint noise s.o. to be …); to think, believe, suppose,
‫ حساس‬ḥassās sensitive; sensible; assume; to consider, regard (‫ من ه‬s.o. as
readily affected, susceptible; sensual belonging to), count (‫ من ه‬s.o. among); to
(pleasure) see (‫ هـ في‬in s.o. s.th.); -- ḥasuba u
(ḥasab, ‫ حسابة‬ḥasāba) to be of noble
‫ حساسة‬ḥassāsa sensory organ
origin, be highborn; to be highly
‫ حساسي‬ḥassāsī allergic │ ‫امراض‬ esteemed, be valued III to settle an
‫ حساسية‬allergic diseases, allergies (med.) account, get even (with s.o.); to call (‫ه‬
s.o.) to account, ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for an
‫ حساسية‬ḥassāsīya sensitivity (also
techn.); sensibility; faculty of sensory accounting; to hold (‫ ه‬s.o.) responsible,
perception; susceptibility; sensuality │ make (‫ ه‬s.o.) answerable │ ‫حاسب على‬
‫ مرض الحساسية‬maraḍ al-ḥ. allergy ‫ نفسه‬to be careful, be on one’s guard V to
(med.) be careful, be on one’s guard; to take
precautions; to seek to know, try to find
‫ محسة‬miḥassa currycomb out (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to settle a mutual account
‫ احساس‬iḥsās pl. -āt, ‫ احاسيس‬aḥāsīs2 VIII to debit or credit; to take into
feel, feeling: sensation, sense (‫ ب‬of s.th.) account, take into consideration (‫ ب‬or ‫هـ‬
s.th.); to reckon (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬with); (to ‫ الحسبان‬to be taken into account, be taken
anticipate a reward in the hereafter by into consideration; to be expected, be
adding a pious deed to one’s account with anticipated; ‫ كان في الحسبان ان‬it was
God -- such as resigning in God’s will at expected that ... ; ‫ حسباني ان‬I expect that
the death of a relative; hence:) ‫احتسب‬ …
‫ ولدا‬waladan) to give a son, be bereaved
‫ حساب‬ḥisāb arithmetic, reckoning,
of a son; ‫ احتسب عند الله الشيء‬to calculus; computation; calculation,
sacrifice s.th. in anticipation of God’s estimation, appraisal; accounting,
reward in the hereafter; to charge (‫على هـ‬ settlement; consideration,
s.th. for); to think, believe, suppose; to consideratedness; caution; -- (pl. -āt) bill,
take (‫ ه ه‬s.o. for or to be …); to be invoice; statement of costs (bank)
content, content o.s.(‫ ب‬with); to account; pl. ‫ حسابات‬bookkeeping │
disapprove (‫ على هـ‬s.th. in s.o.), take ‫ حساب الجمل‬ḥ. al-jummal (al-jumal) use
exception (‫ على هـ‬to s.th. in s.o.), reject ( of the alphabetic letters according to their
‫ على هـ‬s.th. in s.o.); to call (‫ على‬s.o.) to numerical value; ‫‘ علم الحساب‬ilm al-ḥ.
account, ask (‫ على‬s.o.) for an accounting arithmetic; ‫ حساب التفاضل‬ḥ. al-tafāḍul
‫ حسب‬ḥasb reckoning, computing, differential calculus; ‫ حساب التكامل‬ḥ. at-
calculation; thinking, opinion, view; takāmul integral calculus; ‫كان في حسابه‬
sufficiency │‫حسبك )بحسبك( درهم‬ he reckoned with it, he expected it, he was
ḥasbuka (bi-ḥasbika) dirhamun one prepared for it; ‫ عمل حسابا له‬to take s.o.
dirham is enough for you; ‫ حسبك ان‬it or s.th. into consideration; to reckon with
suffices to say that …; you know enough s.o. or s.th.; ‫( الحساب الختامي‬ḳitāmī) and
when you hear that …; you need only ... ; ‫( حساب نهائي‬nihā’ī) final statement of
‫( بحسبك مقنعا ان‬muqni‘an) it will be account, final accounting; ‫دعاه الى‬
enough to convince you if …; ‫وحسبك‬ ‫( الحساب‬da‘āhū) he called him to
‫( بهذا كله شرا‬bi-hādā kullihī šarran) but account; ‫ يوم الحساب‬yaum al-ḥ. the Day
enough of all these negative aspect! ‫فحس‬ of Reckoning, Judgment Day; ‫اقام حسابا‬
‫ ب‬fa-ḥasb and that’s all, and no more, ‫ ل‬to render account to s.o.; ‫بل حساب‬
only (interchangeable with ‫)فقط‬ without limit or bounds, to excess, to an
unlimited extent; ‫ من غير حساب‬blindly,
‫ حسبي‬ḥasbī ‫( مجلس حسبي‬majlis) pl.
without forethought, at random; ‫لحساب‬
‫ مجالس حسبية‬guardianship court,
‫ فلن‬to s.o.’s credit, to s.o.’s advantage;
probate court (Eg.)
‫ على حساب فلن‬to s.o.’s debit, at s.o.’s
‫ حسب‬ḥasab pl. ‫ احساب‬aḥsāb expense, to s.o.’s disadvantage; ‫لقي سوء‬
measure, extent, degree, quantity, amount; ‫ الحساب‬laqiya sū’a 1-ḥ. he got a raw
value; esteem, high regard enjoyed by deal, he was in for it; ‫( حساب جار‬jārin)
s.o.; noble descent; ḥasaba (prep.), ‫بحسب‬ current account; ‫حسابات صندوق التوفير‬
bi-ḥasabi and ‫‘ على حسب‬alā ḥasabi ḥ. ṣundūq at-taufīr savings-bank accounts;
according to, in accordance with, ‫ حساب موقوف‬blocked account; ‫حسابات‬
commensurate with, depending on ‫ دوبية‬double-entry bookkeeping; ‫الحساب‬
‫ حسبما‬ḥasbamā (conj.) according to ‫( الشرقي‬šarqī) the Julian calendar;
what ... , as, depending on how … │‫حسبم‬ ‫( الحساب الغربي‬garbī) the Gregorian
‫( ا اتفق‬ttafaqa) as chance will have it calendar
‫ حسبة‬arithmetical problem, sum 175 ‫ حسابي‬ḥisābī arithmetical,
mathematical, computational
‫ حسيب‬ḥasīb pl. ‫ حسباء‬ḥusabā’2
respected, esteemed; noble, of noble birth, ‫ محاسبة‬muḥāsaba pl. -āt accounting;
highborn clearing (com.); bookkeeping; request for
accounting; examination of conscience
‫ حسبان‬ḥusbān calculation, reckoning, (theol.) │‫ قسم المحاسبة‬qism al-m.
accounnting; computation │ ‫كان في‬
accounting department, comptroller’s rolled up. be turned back (sleeve, ‫ عن‬from
office; clearing house the arm); to disappear suddenly (‫ عن‬from)
‫ احتساب‬iḥtisāb computation; ‫ حسر‬ḥasar fatigue, debility, weakness
calculation, consideration, reflection; │‫ حسر البصر‬ḥ. al-baṣar nearsightedness,
debiting; crediting; valuation; myopia
contentedness, satisfaction
‫ حسر‬ḥasir grieved, sad; fatigued,
‫ حاسب‬ḥāsib counter, reckoner, languid, weary, tired
arithmetician, calculator, computer
‫ حسر‬ḥasra pl. ḥasarāt grief, sorrow,
‫ محسوب‬maḥsūb pl. -ūn, ‫محاسب‬ pain, distress, affliction; sigh │‫يا للحسرة‬
maḥāsib2 protégé, pet, favorite; obedient, yā la-l-ḥasrati alas! Unfortunately! ‫يا‬
subservient (‫ على‬to s.o.) ‫ حسرتي‬yā ḥasratī and ‫ وا حسرتاه‬wā
‫ محسوبية‬maḥsūbīya esteem enjoyed ḥasratāh what a pity! too bad!
by s.o., position of distinction; patronage, ‫ حسير‬ḥasīr pl. ‫ حسرى‬ḥasrā tired,
favored position, favoritism weary, fatigued, exhausted; dim, dull
‫ محاسب‬muḥāsib, ‫محاسبجي‬ (eye), nearsighted │‫ حسير البصر‬ḥ. al-
muḥāsibgī (eg.) accountant, bookkeeper; baṣar nearsighted, myopic
comptroller, auditor ‫ حسور‬ḥasūr nearsightedness, myopia
‫ محتسب‬muḥtasab that for which one ‫ حسران‬ḥasrān regretful, sorry, sad,
can expect reward in the hereafter (e.g., distressed, grieved
suffering, loss, etc.)
‫ تحسر‬taḥassur sighing; regret
‫ حسد‬ḥasada u (ḥasad) to envy, grudge (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.), be envious (‫ ه‬of s.o., ‫على‬ ‫ حاسر‬ḥāsir pl. ‫ حواسر‬ḥawāsir2 bared,
or ‫ هـ‬because of s.th.) VI to envy each denuded │ ‫ حاسر البصر‬ḥ. al-baṣar
other nearsighted, myopic; ‫ حاسر الرأس‬ḥ. ar-
ra’s bareheaded, hatless
‫ حسد‬ḥasad envy
‫ حسك‬ḥasak (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬thorns, spines;
‫ حسود‬pl. ‫ حسد‬ḥusud envious spikes, pricks; fish bones; awns, beard
‫ تحاسد‬taḥāsud mutual envy (bot.); name of several prickly herbs, esp.
of the genus Tribulus
‫ حاسد‬pl. ‫ حساد‬ḥussād, ‫ حسدة‬ḥasada
envious; envier, grudger ‫ حسكي‬ḥasakī thorny, prickly, spiny
‫ محسود‬maḥsūd envied; smitten by the ‫ حسم‬ḥasama i (ḥasm) to cut, sever, cut off (‫هـ‬
evil eye s.th.); to finish, complete, terminate (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to decide (‫ هـ‬a question); to settle (
‫ حسر‬ḥasara u i (ḥasr) to pull away or off,
‫ هـ‬an argument); to deduct, discount (‫ هـ‬an
remove (‫ عن هـ‬s.th., a cover, a veil, from);
amount from a sum of money) VII to be
to uncover, lay bare, unveil (‫ عن‬s.th.); --
severed, be cut off; to be finished, be
(ḥusūr) to become dim (sight); -- ḥasira a
completed, be terminated; to be settled
((ḥasar, ‫ حسرة‬ḥasra) to regret (‫على‬ (argument)
s.th.), be grieved, be pained (‫ على‬by 176
s.th.); to sigh (‫ على‬over s.th.); -- ḥasara i, ‫ حسم‬ḥasm finishing, completion,
ḥasira a (ḥasar) to become tired, fatigued termination; decision; settling, settlement
II to fatigue, tire, weaken, sap (‫ ه‬s.o.); to (of an argument); discontinuance,
grieve, sadden (‫ ه‬s.o.), cause pain or grief shutdown, closing down; deduction,
discounting (of an amount)
(‫ ه‬to s.o.); to remove (‫ هـ‬a cover, ‫عن‬
from), lay bare, unveil (‫ عن‬s.th.) V to be ‫ حسام‬ḥusām sword, sword edge
distressed, be pained, be grieved (‫على‬ ‫ حسوم‬ḥasūm fatal, trying, grueling
by); to sigh (‫ على‬over) VII to be pulled (pl.; days, nights, also years)
away or off, be removed (‫ عن‬from); to be
‫ حاسم‬ḥāsim decisive; final, ustuḥsina to be good, commendable,
peremptory, conclusive, definite, advisable
definitive ‫ حسن‬ḥusn beauty, handsomeness,
‫ حسن‬ḥasana u (ḥusn) to be handsome, prettiness, loveliness; excellence,
beautiful, lovely, nice, fine, good; to be superiority, perfection │ ‫لحسن الحظ‬
expedient, advisable, suitable, proper, fortunately; ‫ حسن السلوك‬good manners,
fitting; to be in a proper state, be in a good behavior; good conduct; ‫حسن السير‬
desirable condition │‫ ان حسن لديك‬in ḥ. ‫( والسلوك‬ḥ. as-sair) an irreproachable life;
ladaika if you like it, if it seems all right ‫ حسن التصرف‬ḥ. al-taṣarruf discretion,
to you; ‫ يحسن بك ان‬it is to your individual judgment; ‫ حسن الظن‬good
advantage that you ... ; you ought to …; opinion, favorable judgment; ‫حسن التعبير‬
‫ حسن استعداده ل‬he was all willing to … euphemism; (‫ حسن القصد )النية‬ḥ. al-qaṣd
II to beautify, embellish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to (an-nīya) good intention, good will, good
adorn, decorate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to improve, put faith; ‫ حسن يوسف‬ḥ. yūsuf beauty spot,
patch; ‫ ست الحسن‬a kind of bindweed
into better form, ameliorate, better (‫هـ‬
(Convolvulus cairicus L.; bot.); deadly
s.th.); to make a better presentation (‫ هـ‬of nightshade, belladonna
s.th.); to present in a favorable light,
depict as nice or desirable (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to ‫ حسن‬ḥasan pl. ‫ حسان‬ḥisān beautiful,
s.o.; to sugar-coat, make more palatable ( handsome, lovely; pretty, nice; good,
‫ هـ‬s.th. unpleasant, s.th. disadvantageous) agreeable; excellent, superior, exquisite;
III to treat (‫ ه‬s.o.) with kindliness IV to do ‫ حسنا‬ḥasanan well, splendidly, excellently,
beautifully; ‫ الحسان‬the ladies; -- high
right, act well; to do (‫ هـ‬s.th), well,
sandhill
expertly, nicely; to know (‫ هـ‬how to do
s.th.), be able (‫ هـ‬to do s.th.); to master (‫هـ‬ ‫ الحسنيون‬al-ḥasanīyūn the Hasanides,
s.th.), have command (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), be the descendants of ḥasan, son of ‘Alī and
proficient (‫ هـ‬in s.th.; a language, an art, a Fāṭima
handicraft, etc.), be conversant (‫ هـ‬with ‫ احسن‬aḥsan2 pl. ‫ احاسن‬aḥāsin2 better;
s.th.); to do good, be charitable; to do nicer, lovelier, more beautiful; more
favors, do good (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب‬to s.o.), do (‫ب‬ excellent, more splendid, more admirable│
or ‫ ب‬s.o.) a good turn, be nice, friendly ( ‫ هو احسن حال منهم‬he is better off than
‫ الى‬or ‫ ب‬to s.o.); to give 177 alms, give they are; ‫( بالتي هي احسن‬bi-llatī) in a
charity (‫ الى‬to s.o.) │‫ ما احسنه‬mā friendly manner, amicably, with kindness
aḥsanahū how good he is! how handsome ‫ حسناء‬ḥasnā’2 pl. ‫ حسان‬ḥisān (of a
he is! ‫ احسنت‬aḥsanta well done! bravo! woman) beautiful, a beauty, a belle
‫( احسن اللمانية‬almānīya) to master the
German language, know German well; ‫ الحسنى‬al-ḥusnā pl. -āt (f. of ‫الحسن‬
al-aḥsan) the best outcome, the happy
‫ احسن التسديد‬to aim well or accurately;
ending; fair means, amicable manner │ ‫بالح‬
‫( احسن مشورته‬mašūratahū) to give good
‫ سنى‬amicably, by fair means, in a friendly
advice; ‫( احسن الظن ب‬ẓanna) to have a
good opinion of ... , judge s.th. favorably; manner; ‫( السماء الحسنى‬asmā’) the 99
attributes of God
‫( احسن معاملته‬mu‘āmalatahū) to treat s.o.
well V to become nicer, more handsome, ‫ حسنة‬ḥasana pl. -āt good deed,
more beautiful; to improve, ameliorate, get benefaction; charity, alms; pl. ‫حسنات‬
better X to deem (‫ هـ‬s.th.) nice, etc., or advantages, merits
good; to regard (‫ هـ‬s.th.) as right, advisable ‫ حسون‬ḥassūn pl. ‫ حساسين‬ḥasāsīn2
or appropriate; to approve ( ‫ هـ‬of s.th.), gold-finch
sanction, condone (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to come to like,
to appreciate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), find pleasure ( ‫ هـ‬in ‫ محسنة‬maḥsana s.th. nice, s.th. good;
s.th.); also = IV: ‫استحسن النجليزية‬ advantage; pl. ‫ محاسن‬maḥāsin2 beauties,
(ingilīzīya) to know English well; pass. charms, attractions, merits, advantages,
good qualities
‫ تحسين‬taḥsīn beautification, ‫ محشش‬maḥšaš, ‫ محشش خانة‬m. ḳāna
embellishment; improvement, amelioration, hashish den
betterment; processing, refining, finishing;
‫ محششة‬pl. ‫ محاشش‬maḳāšiš2 hashish
(pl. ‫ تحاسين‬taḥāsīn) ornament, decoration
den
│O ‫ تحسين النسل‬t. an-nasl eugenics
‫ حشد‬ḥašada i u (ḥašd) to gather, concentrate,
‫ محاسنة‬muḥāsana friendly treatment,
mass (‫ ه‬esp. troops), call up, mobilize ( ‫ ه‬an
kindliness amicability
army); to pile up, store up, accumulate ( ‫هـ‬
‫ احسان‬iḥsān beneficence. charity, s.th., ‫ الى‬at a place) II to amass, accumulate
almsgiving, performance of good deeds (‫ هـ‬s.th.), mass, concentrate (‫ ه‬esp. troops)
‫ تحسن‬taḥassun improvement, V and VIII to rally, come together,
amelioration │‫ في التحسن‬on the way to assemble, gather, crowd together, throng
recovery together; to be concentrated, be massed
(troops); to fall into line (troops)
‫ استحسان‬istiḥsān approval, consent;
acclaim; discretion; application of discretion ‫ حشد‬ḥašd pl. ‫ حشود‬ḥušūd assembling, rallying;
in a legal decision (Isl. Law) gathering, assembly, crowd, throng;
concentration, massing (esp. of troops);
‫ محسن‬muḥassin embellisher, beautifier, mobilization. calling up (of an army)
improver; pl. ‫ محسنات‬muḥassināt
cosmetics ‫ حشد‬taḥaššud pl. -āt concentration (of
troops)
‫ محسن‬muḥsin beneficent, charitable
‫ احتشاد‬iḥtišād pl. -āt gathering, crowd;
‫ مستحسن‬mustaḥsan approved, concentration (of troops)
commendable; pleasant, agreeable 178
‫ حشيد‬numerous (of an assembly),
(‫ حسا )حسو‬ḥasā u (ḥasw), V and VIII to drink, crowded (of a public demonstration)
sip (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
O ‫ حاشدة‬ḥāšida battery (el.)
‫ حسو‬ḥasw and ‫ حساء‬ḥasā’ soup, broth
‫ حشر‬ḥašara i u (ḥašr) to gather, assemble, rally
‫ حسوة‬ḥaswa pl. ḥasawāt a sip (‫ ه‬people); to cram, crowd, pack, jam
‫ حسوة‬ḥuswa pl. ḥusuwāt, ḥusawāt, (together); to squeeze. press, force, stuff,
‫ احسية‬aḥasiya a sip, small quantity of tuck (‫ بين‬or ‫ في هـ‬s.th. into)
liquid; soup, broth; bouillon ‫ يوم الحشر‬yaum al-ḥašr the day of
‫ حش‬ḥašša u (ḥašš) to mow, cut (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to congregation (of the dead), the Day of
smoke hashish resurrection

‫ حشيش‬ḥašīš (coll.) pl. ‫حشائش‬hāšā’iš2 ‫ حشرة‬ḥašara pl. -āt insect; pl. vermin,
herbs, grasses; weeds; hay; hemp (Cannabis insect pests │ ‫‘ علم الحشرات‬ilm al-ḥ.
sativa L.; bot.), hashish, Cannabis; stillborn entomology
child │ ‫ حشيش الدينار‬ḥ. ad-dīnār hops ‫ حشري‬ḥašarī insectile, insectival,
‫ حشيشة‬ḥašīša (n. un.) herb insect- (in compounds); entomologic(al)

‫ حشاش‬ḥaššāš pl. -ūn smoker or chewer ‫ حشرج‬ḥašraja and II taḥašraja to rattle in the
of hashish. hashish addict throat

‫ حشاش‬ḥuššāš, ‫ حشاشة‬ḥušāša last ‫ حشرجة‬ḥašraja rattling, rattle in the


breath, last spark of life throat

‫ حشيشي‬ḥašīšī (eg.) sap-green, reseda- ‫ حشف‬V to be dressed shabbily, dress slovenly


colored ‫ حشف‬ḥašaf dates of inferior quality
‫ محش‬miḥašš, ‫ محشة‬miḥašša pl. ‫محاش‬ ‫ حشفة‬ḥašafa glans (penis; anat.)
maḥāšš2 sickle, scythe; fire iron, poker
‫ حشك‬ḥašaka i (ḥašk) to cram, jam, squeeze,
‫ محشة‬miḥašša pl. -āt (eg.) tool for stuff (‫ في هـ‬s.th. into)
weeding, weeder
‫ حشم‬ḥašama i (ḥašm) to shame, put to shame ( forbid! ‫ حاشا لك ان‬far be it from you that
‫ ه‬s.o.) 11 and IV do. V and VIII to be you ...; ‫ حاش لك‬,‫( حاش لله‬ḥāša) = ‫حاشا‬
ashamed to face s.o. (‫ من‬or ‫ ;)عن‬to be 180 ‫ حاشا لك‬,‫لله‬
reticent, modest, shy, bashful, diffident
‫ تحشية‬taḥšya insertion; interpolation
‫ حشم‬ḥašam servants, retinue, entourage,
‫ تحاش‬taḥāšin avoidance
suite
‫ حاشية‬ḥāšiya pl. ‫ حواش‬ḥawāšin border;
‫ حشمة‬ḥišma shame, bashfulness,
seam, hem; edge; margin (of a book);
timidity, diffidence; modesty; decency,
marginal gives; marginal notes; commentary
decorum 179
on certain words and passages of a book,
‫ حشيم‬ḥašīm pl. ‫ حشماء‬ḥušamā’2 supercommentary; footnote; postscript;
modest, timid, bashful, shy, diffident retinue, entourage, suite, servants;
dependents; pl. ‫ حواش‬critical apparatus │
‫ محاشم‬maḥāšim2 pubes, genitals
‫ رقيق الحاشية‬and ‫ رقيق الحواشي‬nice,
‫ تحشم‬taḥaššum and ‫ احتشام‬iḥtišām polite, courteous, gracious, amiable, kindly,
shame, shyness, modesty, reticent, decency, friendly; ‫ رقة الحهشية‬riqqat al-ḥāš.
decorum niceness, amiability, graciousness
‫ محتشم‬muḥtašim shy, bashful; modest, ‫ محشو‬maḥšūw filled, dressed; stuffed;
reticent, decent, decorous loaded (firearm); pl. ‫ محشوات‬maḥšūwāt
(‫ حشا )حشو‬ḥaša u (ḥašw) to stuff, fill, dress (‫ب‬ filled, or stuffed, dishes
‫ هـ‬s.th. with; esp. fowl, etc.); to fill in ( ‫هـ‬ ‫ محشي‬maḥšīy filled, stuffed (esp. food);
s.th.); to load (‫ هـ‬a firearm; ‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. with, s.th. filled or stuffed
e.g., a camera); to fill ( ‫ هـ‬a tooth); to insert ( ‫ حص‬ḥaṣṣa u to fall as a share (‫ ه‬to s.o.) III to
‫ هـ‬s.th.) 11 to interpalate ( ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to insert share (‫ ه هـ‬s.th. with s.o.) IV to allot s.o. (‫)ه‬
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to provide (‫ هـ‬s.th.) with a margin; his share
to hem (‫ هـ‬a dress); to supply (‫ هـ‬a book)
with marginal notes or glosses III to except, ‫ حص‬ḥuṣṣ saffron
exclude (‫ من ه‬s.o. from) V to keep away, ‫ حصة‬ḥiṣṣa pl. ‫ حصص‬ḥiṣaṣ share,
stand aloof, abstain (‫ من ه‬from), avoid, portion, allotment; share (fin.); contingent,
shun (‫ من‬s.th.), beware (‫ من‬of), be on one’s quota; span of time; lesson, class period │
guard (‫ من‬against) VI to keep away, abstain ‫حصة في الربح‬ḥ. fī r-rabḥ dividend (fin.); O
(‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬from), beware (‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬or ‫من‬ ‫ حصة التأسيس‬founders’ share; O ‫نظام‬
of), avoid, shun (‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬s.th.) ‫ الحصص‬quota system, apportionment; ‫في‬
‫ حصة وجيزة‬in a short time
‫ حشو‬ḥašw that with which s.th. is
stuffed or filled; dressing, stuffing (of ‫ تحصيص‬taḥṣīṣ quota system,
fowl, .to.); filling (of tooth); insertion; apportionment
(gram.) parenthesis; interpolation ‫ محاصة‬muḥāṣṣa allotment; sharing (with
‫ حشو‬ḥašwa pl. -āt filling, stuffing s.o.), partaking, participation
(cushion, cookery, etc.); load (of a ‫ حصالبان‬see ‫حصى‬
cartridge), charge (of a min.); panel, inlay,
inserted piece (in paneling, in a door) ‫ حصب‬ḥaṣaba i u to cover or strew with pebbles
or gravel (‫ هـ‬ground); to macadamize (‫هـ‬
‫ حشا‬ḥašan pl. ‫ احشاء‬aḥšā’ bowels,
ground), metal (‫ هـ‬a road); -- ḥaṣiba a and
intestines; interior, inside │ ‫ في احشاء‬in the
pass. ḥuṣiba to have the measle II to cover
interior of, within, in
or strew with pebbles or gravel (‫ هـ‬ground);
‫ حشى‬ḥašan = ‫ حشا‬ḥašan to macadamize (‫ هـ‬ground), metal (‫ هـ‬a
‫ حشية‬ḥašīya pl. –āt, ‫ حشايا‬ḥašāyā road) 180
cushion, pillow; mattress ‫ حصب‬ḥaṣab road metal, crushed rock,
‫ حاشا‬ḥāšā (with genit., acc. or ‫)ل‬ ballast
except, save │‫ حاشا لله‬,‫ حاشى لله‬God ‫ حصب‬ḥaṣbā’2 (coll.) pebbles; gravel
‫ حصب‬ḥaṣba measles (med.) be reducible (‫ في‬to), be expressible (‫ في‬in
terms of), consist (‫ في‬in)
‫ حاصبة‬ḥāṣiba storm, hurricane
‫ حصر‬ḥaṣr encirclement, encompassment,
‫ حصحص‬ḥaṣḥaṣa to be or become clear, plain,
enclosure, corralling; parenthesizing;
manifest; to come to light (truth)
blocking, blockading, beleaguering, siege;
‫ حصد‬ḥaṣada i u (ḥaṣd, ‫ حصاد‬ḥaṣad, ḥiṣad) to detention, determent; restraint, retention,
harvest, reap (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to mow (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV, containment, check; limitation, restriction,
VIII and X to be ripe confinement ~ narrowing; gathering,
collecting (of s.th. scattered), compilation;
‫ حصد‬ḥaṣd and ‫ حصاد‬ḥiṣād harvesting,
enumeration, listing, counting, computing;
reaping, harvest; ‫ حصاد‬harvest time centralization, concentration; (tobacco)
‫ حصيد‬ḥaṣid, ‫ حصيدة‬ḥaṣīda pl. ‫حصائد‬ monopoly │ ‫ بالحصر‬strictly speaking; ‫على‬
ḥaṣā’id2 crop, harvest yield │ ‫قائم وحصيد‬ ‫ سبيل الحصرحصر‬exhaustively; ‫حصر‬
everything without exception ‫ التموين‬ḥ. al-tamwīn rationing; ‫علمة‬
‫‘ الحصر‬alāmat al-ḥ. parentheses, brackets
‫ حصاد‬ḥaṣṣād reaper; harvester
(typ.); ‫( ل يدخل تحت الحصر‬yadḳulu) or ‫ل‬
‫ محصد‬miḥṣad pl. ‫ محاصد‬maḥāṣid2 sickle ‫( حصر له‬ḥaṣra) boundless, infinite,
O ‫ حصادة‬ḥaṣṣāda and O ‫محصدة‬ immeasurable, innumerable; ‫يفوق الحصر‬
miḥṣada mowing machine, mower │ O ‫حصا‬ yafūqu al-ḥaṣra do.; O ‫ اجازة الحصر‬ijāzat
‫( دة دراسة‬darrāsa) combine al-ḥ. patent on an invention; ‫ادارة حصر التبغ‬
‫ والتنباك‬idārat ḥ. at-tibg wa-t-tumbāk
‫ حاصد‬ḥāṣid reaper Government Tobacco Monopoly (Syr.)
O ‫ حاصدة‬ḥāṣid mowing machine, ‫ حصر‬ḥuṣr retention (of urine);
mower constipation
‫ محصود‬maḥṣūd harvested, reaped, mown ‫ حصر‬ḥaṣar dyslogia, inability to express
‫ محصد‬muḥṣid and mustaḥṣid ripe o.s. effectively

‫ حصر‬ḥaṣara i u (ḥaṣr) to surround, encircle, ‫ حصير‬ḥaṣīr pl. ‫ حصر‬ḥuṣur mat


encompass, ring (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to enclose (‫هـ‬ ‫ حصيرة‬ḥaṣīra pl. ‫ حصائر‬ḥaṣā’ir2 mat
s.th.); to parenthesize (‫ هـ‬a word); to
blockade (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to besiege, ‫ حصار‬ḥiṣār block, blockage, barrier;
blockade; siege 181
beleaguer (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to detain, deter,
restrain, contain, hold back (‫ ه‬s.o.); to limit, ‫ محاصرة‬muḥāṣara block, blockage,
restrict (‫ في هـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th. to); to condense, barrier; blockade; siege
reduce in scope (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to narrow down, ‫ انحصار‬inḥiṣār restrictedness, limitation,
confine (‫ في هـ‬s.th. to, also a suspicion to confinement; (tobacco) monopoly
s.o.); to bring together, compile, arrange (
‫ في هـ‬s.th. under a rubric); to enter ( ‫في هـ‬ ‫ محصور‬maḥṣūr blocked, blockaded;
s.th. in a list); to put together, set up, list, beleaguered, besieged; limited, restricted,
enumerate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to comprise, contain, confined (‫ في‬to); narrow
include, involve (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- ḥaṣira a ‫ حصرم‬ḥiṣrim (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬unripe and sour
(ḥaṣar) to be in a fix, be in a dilemma III to grapes (syr.)
encircle, surround (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to shut
off, seclude (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to block (‫هـ‬ ‫ حصف‬ḥaṣufa u (‫ حصف‬ḥaṣāfa) to have sound
judgment, be judicious, discriminating
s.th.); to beleaguer, besiege ( ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to blockade (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to detain, ‫ حصف‬ḥaṣif endowed with sound
deter, restrain (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII to be straitened, judgment, judicious, discriminating
confined, narrowed in; to be or become ‫ حصيف‬ḥaṣīf endowed with sound
restricted, limited (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬to); to limit o.s. judgment, judicious, discriminating
(‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬to); to be condensed (‫ في‬to), be
concentrated (‫ في‬in); to be or become ‫ حصافة‬ḥaṣāfa sound judgment,
united (e.g., ‫ تحت حكمه‬under s.o.’s rule); to judiciousness
‫ حصل‬ḥaṣala u (‫ حصول‬ḥuṣūl) to set in; to be ‫ تحصيلجي‬taḥṣīlgī (eg.) = ‫محصل‬
there, be existent, extant; to arise, come muḥaṣṣil
about; to result, come out; to happen, occur,
‫ حاصل‬ḥāṣil pl. ‫حواصل‬ ḥawāsil2 setting
transpire, come to pass, take place; to
in, occurring, taking place, happening;
happen, occur (‫ ل‬to s.o.), come (‫ ل‬upon
result, outcome, sum, total, product (also
s.o.), befall, overtake (‫ ل‬s.o.); to originate, math.); revenues, receipts, proceeds, gain;
emanate, derive, stem (‫ من‬from), be caused, income, returns; crop, harvest; warehouse,
be produced (‫ من‬by); to attain, obtain, get, storehouse, granary, depot, magazine; main
receive, achieve (‫ على‬s.th.), win (‫ على‬s.o. content, purport, gist, essence, substance (of
or s.th.); to come into possession (‫ على‬of a speech); ‫ الحاصل‬briefly, in short; pl. ‫حاصل‬
s.th.); to seek (‫ على‬a permit), apply (‫على‬ ‫ ات‬product(s), yield. produce. production
for a permit); to collect, recover (‫ على‬a (econ.)
debt), call in (‫ على‬funds); to receive. take in
‫ محصول‬maḥsūl pl. -āt, ‫ محاصل‬maḥāṣīl2
(‫ على‬s.th.) II to cause s.th. (‫ )هـ‬to happen or
result, outcome, issue; yield, gain; product,
set in; to attain. obtain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to acquire (
produce; crop, harvest; production 182
‫ هـ‬s.th., also knowledge); to infer, deduce (
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to collect (‫ هـ‬a fee, fare, etc.), levy ‫ محصل‬muḥaṣṣil collector; tax
(‫ هـ‬taxes, fees, etc.), call in (‫ هـ‬money); to collector; cashier; (bus, streetcar)
summarize, sum up (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to result (‫من‬ conductor
from), come out (sum); to be obtained, be
‫ متحصل‬mutaḥaṣṣil yield, revenue,
attained; to be raised, be levied, be required.
proceeds, receipts, returns (‫ من‬from)
be demanded; to be taken in, come in (fees,
taxes, funds); to be collected (taxes); to ‫ حصن‬ḥaṣuna u (‫ حصانة‬ḥaṣāna) to be
procure for o.s., get (‫ على‬s.th.); to attain, inaccessible, be well fortified; to be chaste
receive, obtain (‫ على‬s.th.); to acquire (‫على‬ (woman) II to make inaccessible (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
s.th.); to collect (‫ على‬fees) X to procure for to strengthen (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fortify, entrench
o.s., get (‫ على‬s.th.); to attain. Receive, (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to immunize, make proof (‫ضد‬
obtain (‫ على‬s.th.); to acquire (‫ على‬s.th.) ḍidda against) IV to make inaccessible (‫هـ‬
‫ حصول‬ḥuṣūl setting in, occurrence, s.th.); to fortify, entrench (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be
incidence. happening (of an event or chaste, pure (woman); to remain chaste,
process); obtainment. attainment (‫ على‬of be of unblemished reputation (woman) V
s.th.); achievement (‫ على‬of s.th.); to strengthen one’s position, protect o.s.;
acquisition (‫ على‬of s.th.) to be fortified; to be secure, be protected
‫ حصيلة‬ḥaṣīla pl. ‫ حصائل‬ḥaṣā’il2 rest, ‫ حصن‬ḥiṣn pl. ‫ حصون‬ḥuṣūn fortress,
remainder; amount collected, proceeds, fort, castle, citadel, stronghold;
returns; revenue, receipts, yield, income, fortification, entrenchment; protection │
takings ‫ حصن طائر‬Flying Fortress
‫ حوصلة‬,‫ حوصل‬and ‫ حويصلة‬look up ‫ حصان‬ḥiṣān pl. ‫ حصن‬ḥuṣun, ‫احصنة‬
alphabetically aḥsina horse; stallion │ ‫ حصان البحر‬ḥ. al-
‫ حصالة‬ḥaṣāla collection box, alms box baḥr hippopotamus; ‫حصان بخاري‬
(buḳārī) iron horse; ‫ قوة حصن‬qūwat ḥ., or
‫ محصل‬maḥṣal result, outcome, upshot,
‫ حصان‬alone, horse power
issue
‫ تحصيل‬taḥṣīl pl. -āt attainment, ‫ حصين‬ḥaṣīn inaccessible, strong,
obtainment, gain; acquisition (also of fortified, firm, secure(d), protected;
knowledge); learning, studying, scientific immune, proof, invulnerable (‫ ضد‬ḍidda
studies; collection, raising, levy(ing), calling against) │ ‫( الحصن الحصين‬ḥiṣn)
in (of funds, taxes); income, revenue, stronghold (fig.; e.g., of radicalism)
receipts, returns, proceeds; résumé, ‫ ابو الحصين‬abū l-ḥuṣain fox
summary, gist (of a speech or opinion); ‫من‬
‫ تحصيل الحاصل ان يقال‬in summary, it may ‫ حصانة‬ḥaṣāna strength, ruggedness,
be said ... forbiddingness, impregnability,
inaccessibility; shelteredness, chastity (of ‫ حضيض‬ḥaḍīḍ, pl. ‫ حضض‬ḥuḍuḍ, ‫احضة‬
a woman); invulnerability, inviolability; aḥiḍḍa foot of a mountain; lowland;
immunity (of deputies, diplomats; against perigee (astron.); depth; state of decay │
illness) ‫ نزل الى الحضيض‬to sink low (fig.); ‫دكه‬
‫ تحصين‬taḥṣīn pl. -āt fortification, ‫( الى الحضيض‬dakkahū) to ruin s.th.
entrenchment; strengthening, cementing, completely, run s.th. into the ground
solidification; immunization ‫ حضر‬ḥaḍara u (‫ حضور‬ḥuḍūr) to be present (‫هـ‬
‫ احصان‬iḥṣān blamelessness, at), be in the presence (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to 183
unblemished reputation, integrity (Isl. attend (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be present (‫ هـ‬in s.o.’s
Law) mind), be readily recalled (‫ ه‬by s.o.); to
take part, participate (‫ مجلسا‬majlisan in a
‫ تحصن‬taḥaṣṣun securing, safeguarding,
meeting); to come, get (‫ الى‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o.,
protection, protectedness
to a place), arrive (‫ الى‬or ‫ هـ‬at a place); to
‫ محصن‬muḥaṣṣan fortified; entrenched; visit (‫ هـ‬a place), attend (‫ هـ‬a public
immune, proof (‫ ضد‬ḍidda against) event), go (‫ هـ‬to a performance, etc.); to
‫ محصنة‬muḥṣina, muḥṣana sheltered, appear (‫ امام‬before a judge, etc., ‫ الى‬in,
well-protected, chaste; of unblemished at), show up (‫ الى‬in, at); to betake o.s., go
reputation (woman; Isl. Law) (‫ الى من‬from ... to); (‫ حضارة‬ḥaḍāra) to
be settled, sedentary (in a civilized region,
‫ حصى‬IV to oount, enumerate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to as opposed to nomadic existence)
calculate, compute (‫ هـ‬s.th. ‫ من‬from); to
debit, charge (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to s.o.’s
account), hold (‫ هـ‬s.th. ‫ على‬against s.o.) │ II to ready, make ready, prepare (‫ هـ‬s.th., also,
‫( ل يحصى‬yuḥṣā) innumerable e.g., as medicine = to compound), make,
produce, manufacture (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to study,
prepare (‫ هـ‬a lesson); to fetch, get, bring (
‫ حصى‬ḥaṣan (coll.) pebbles, little ‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.), procure, supply (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
stones to settle (‫ ه‬s.o), make s.o. (‫ )ه‬sedentary; to
‫ حصاة‬ḥaṣāh, ‫ حصوة‬ḥaṣwa pl. ‫حصيات‬ civilize (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to give a
ḥaṣayāt little stone; pebble; calculus, lecture, present s.th. in a lecture (‫ ه‬to s.o.);
stone (med.) │ ‫( حصاة بولية‬baulīya) to lecture, give a course of lectures IV to
cystic calculus; ‫حصاة صفراوية‬ fetch, get, bring (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), procure,
(ṣafrāwīya) gallstone, biliary calculus supply (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to take (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.,
‫ الى‬to a place) │‫ احضره معه‬to have s.th.
‫ حصى لبان‬ḥaṣā lubān, ‫حصالبان‬
with one, bring s.th. along V to prepare
rosemary (bot.)
o.s., ready o.s., get ready (‫ ل‬for); to be
‫ حصوي‬ḥaṣawī stony, pebbly, gravelly ready, prepared; to become settled, be
‫ احصاء‬iḥṣā’ pl. -āt count, counting; sedentary in a civilized region; to be
enumeration; calculation, computation; civilized, be in a state of civilization; to
become urbanized, become a town dweller
statistics │ ‫ احصاء السكان‬i. as-sukkān
census VIII to come (‫ ه‬to s.o.), be in the presence
(‫ ه‬of s.o.); to live in a civilized region;
‫ احصائي‬iḥṣā’ī statistic(al); (pl. -ūn) pass. ustuḥḍira to die X to have s.th. (‫)هـ‬
statistician brought, to call, send (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬for s.o., for
‫ احصائية‬iḥṣā’īya pl. -āt statistics s.th.), have s.o. (‫ )ه‬come; to summon (‫ه‬
s.o.); to fetch, procure, supply, get, bring (
‫ حض‬ḥaḍḍa u (ḥaḍḍ) and II to spur on, incite ( ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to conjure, call up, evoke (‫ هـ‬a
‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ على‬to), goad, prod (‫ ه‬s.o.• ‫ على‬to spirit); to visualize, envision, call to mind
do s.th.) (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to carry with o.s., bring along (
‫ حض‬ḥaḍḍ incitement, inducement, ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to prepare (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬e.g., a medicinal
prodding, prompting, instigation preparation)
‫ حضر‬ḥaḍar a civilized region with institutes for teachers, teachers’ colleges
towns and villages and a settled (Eg.)
population (as opposed to desert, steppe); ‫ محاضرة‬muḥāḍara pl. -āt lecture
settled population, town dwellers (as
opposed to nomads) ‫ احضار‬iḥḍār procurement, supply,
fetching, bringing
‫ حضري‬ḥaḍarī settled, sedentary,
resident, not nomadic, non-Bedouin, like ‫ تحضر‬taḥaḍḍur civilized way of life
urbanites; civilized; urban; town dweller ‫ احتضار‬iḥtiḍār demise, death
‫ حضرة‬ḥaḍra presence │‫ في حضرة‬in ‫ استحضار‬istiḥḍār making, production,
the presence of ...; ‫‘( الحضرة العالية‬āliya) manufacture; preparation; summoning │
His Highness (formerly, title of the Bey of ‫ استحضار الرواح‬istiḥḍār al-arwāḥ
Tunis); ‫ حضرتكم‬a respectful form of evocation of spirits, spiritism
address, esp. in letters; ‫ حضرة الدكتور‬cf.
Fr. Monsieur le docteur ‫ حاضر‬ḥāḍir pl. ‫ حضر‬ḥuḍḍar, ‫حضور‬
ḥuḍūr present; attending; ‫ الحاضر‬the
‫ حضور‬ḥuḍūr presence; visit, present (time); prepared (‫ ل‬for); ready;
participation, attendance; (as one pl. of ‫حا‬ (pl. ‫ حضار‬ḥuḍḍār, ‫ حضرة‬ḥaḍara) settled,
‫ )ضر‬those present │‫ بحضوره‬in his sedentary, resident, village or town
presence; ‫ حضور الحفلة‬ḥ. al-ḥafla dweller, not nomadic │ ‫ في الحاضر‬or ‫في‬
attendance of the celebration‫حضور الذهن‬ ‫ الوقت الحاضر‬at present, now; ‫حاضر‬
ḥ. ad-dihn presence of mind; ‫ورقة حضور‬ ‫ الفكر‬ḥ. al-fikr quick-witted, quick at
waraqat ḥ. summons (jur.) repartee; ‫( نقد حاضر‬naqd) cash, ready
‫ حضوري‬ḥuḍūrī: ‫احكام حضورية‬ money
(aḥkām) judgments delivered in the ‫ حاضرة‬ḥāḍira pl. ‫ حواضر‬ḥawāḍir2
presence of the litigant parties after oral capital city, metropolis; city (as a center of
proceedings (jur.); ‫ حضوريا‬ḥuḍūrīyan civilization)
contradictorily (jur.)
‫ محضور‬maḥḍūr possessed, haunted or
‫ حضارة‬ḥaḍāra civilization; culture; inhabited by a jinni; demoniac
settledness, sedentariness
‫ محضر‬muḥaḍḍir maker, producer,
‫ حضيرة‬ḥaḍīra pl. ‫ حضائر‬ḥaḍā’ir2 a manufacturer; dissector (med.)
small group of 6 to 12 people (specif., the
smallest unit of boy scouts = patrol); ‫ محاضر‬muḥāḍir lecturer, speaker
section, squad (mil.; Syr.) ‫ محضر‬muḥḍir court usher
‫ محضر‬maḥḍar presence; attendance, ‫ متحضر‬mutaḥaḍḍir civilized
coming, appearance (of s.o.); assembly,
meeting, gathering, convention; (pl. ‫محاض‬ ‫ محتضر‬muḥtaḍar dying, in the throes
‫ ر‬maḥāḍir2) minutes, official report, of death, on the brink of death; a dying
process-verbal, record of the factual person; haunted or inhatbited by a jinni;
findings │‫ محضر الجرد‬m. al-jard demoniac
inventory list; ‫ بمحضر منه‬bi-maḥḍarin ‫ مستحضر‬mustaḥḍar pl. -āt preparation
minhu in s.o.’s presence (chem., pharm.) │ ‫مستحضر دوائي‬
‫ تحضير‬taḥḍīr preparing, readying, (dawā’ī) medicinal preparation
making ready; (pl. -āt) preparation (‫ ل‬for; ‫ حضرموت‬ḥaḍramaut2 Hadhramaut
also e.g., for an examination); making,
preparation, cooking (of food, etc.), ‫ حضرمي‬ḥaḍramī pl. ‫ حضارم‬ḥaḍārim2
production, manufacture man from Hadhramaut; Hadhramautian
(adj.)
‫ تحضيري‬taḥdīrī preparatory,
‫ حضن‬ḥaḍana u (ḥaḍn, ‫ حضانة‬ḥiḍāna) to clasp
preparative │ ‫المدارس التحضيرية‬
in one’s arms, embrace, hug (‫ ه‬s.o.);
‫( للمعلمين‬mu‘allimīn) 184 preparatory
to nurse, bring up, raise (‫ ه‬a child); (ḥaḍn, ‫حض‬ wane VIII to put down, set down, take
‫ ان‬ḥidān, ‫ حضانة‬ḥiḍāna, ‫ حضون‬ḥuḍūn) to down (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
hatch, brood, incubate (‫ هـ‬an egg; of a ‫ حط‬ḥaṭṭ (act of) putting or setting
bird) VI to embrace one another, cling to down; depreciation, belittling, derogation,
one another, nestle against each other VII disparagement (‫ من‬of s.th.); reduction,
to clasp in one’s arms, embrace, hug (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ diminution, decrease (‫ من‬of s.th.)
s.o., s.th.); to harbor in one,s bosom (‫هـ‬
feeling); to hatch, concoct, contrive (‫هـ‬ ‫ حطة‬ḥiṭṭa alleviation, relief,
s.th.); to bring up, raise (‫ هـ‬a child) mitigation; abasement, debasement,
demotion, degradation (in rank, dignity,
‫ حضن‬ḥaḍn pl. ‫ احضان‬aḥḍān breast, prestige); humiliation, insult, indignity
bosom (between the outstretched arms);
armful, that which can be carried in one's ‫ احط‬aḥaṭṭ lower
arms │ ‫( قبله بالحضن‬qabilahū) he ‫ حطيطة‬ḥaṭīṭa price reduction
received him with open arms; ‫بين احضان‬
‫ محط‬maḥaṭṭ place at which s.th. is put
and ‫ في احضان‬amid, among; with, in the
down or deposited; stopping place, stop;
presence of (s.o.); ‫في احضان الصحراء‬
pause fermata, hold, concluding strain,
(saḥrā’) in the heart (or folds) of the
cadence (mus.) │‫ محط المال‬object of
desert; ‫ اخذتني بين احضانها‬she took me in
hope, that on which one's hopes are
her arms
pinned; ‫ كان محط النظار‬to attract the
‫ حضانة‬ḥiḍāna, ḥaḍāna raising, glances, draw attention to o.s.; ‫محط‬
bringing up, nursing (of a child); hatching ‫ الكلم‬m. al-kalām sense, or meaning, of
(of an egg), incubation │ ‫دار‬ one’s words
‫الحضانة‬children’s home, day nursery,
‫ محطة‬maḥaṭṭa pl. -āt stopping place,
crèche
stop (also of public conveyances); station,
‫ حضين‬in embraced, bugged, resting in post; railroad station; broadcasting station,
s.o.’s arms radio station │ ‫ محطة تحويل التيار‬m.
‫ محضن‬maḥḍan pl. ‫ محاضن‬maḥādin2 taḥwīl at-tayyār transformer station;
children’s home, day nursery, crèche (‫ محطة الذاعة )اللسلكية‬m. al-idā‘a (al-
lāsi1kīya) broadcasting station, radio
‫ احتضان‬iḥtiḍān embrace, hug(ging), station; transmitter (station); ‫محطة‬
accolade ‫( رئيسية‬ra’īsīya) (railroad) main station;
‫ حاضنة‬ḥāḍina pl. ‫ حواضن‬ḥawāḍin2 O ‫ محطة الشارات‬m. al-išārāt signal
nurse-maid, dry nurse post; O ‫ محطة الرسال‬m. al-irsāl
transmitter (station; radio); ‫محطة للرصاد‬
‫ محتضن‬muḥtaḍin embracing, hugging;
‫( الجوية‬li-l-arṣād al-jawwīya)
tender, affectionate
meteorological station, weather station;
‫ حط‬ḥaṭṭa u (ḥaṭṭ) to put, place, put down, set ‫ محطة الصرف‬m. aṣ-ṣarf (Eg.) pump
down (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to take down (‫ هـ‬a load, station (for drainage); power plant; O
burden); to lower, decrease, diminish, ‫ محطة الستقبال‬receiving station (radio);
reduce (‫ هـ‬or ‫ من‬s.th.); to depreciate ( ‫من‬ O ‫( محطة لسلكية قصيرة المواج‬lā-
‫ قدره‬min qadrihī or ‫ من قيمته‬min silkīya qaṣīrat al-amwāj) short-wave
qudratihī the value of s.th.) │‫حط الرحال‬ transmitter station; ‫محطة توليد الكهرباء‬
(riḥāla) to halt, make a stop, dismount, m. taulīd al-kahrabā’ and ‫محطة كهربائية‬
encamp (while traveling on horseback, power plant
185 camelback. etc.); -- u (ḥaṭṭ, ‫حطوط‬
‫ انحطاط‬inḥiṭāṭ decline, fall, decay,
ḥuṭūṭ) to sink, descend, go down; to alight
(bird); to land (airplane); to drop (price) II decadence; inferiority │‫احساس النحطاط‬
iḥsās al-inḥ. sense of inferiority
to put down, set down, take off, unload (‫هـ‬
a load) VII to sink, descend, go down; to ‫ انحطاطي‬inḥiṭāṭ postclassical writer
decrease, diminish; to decline, decay,
‫ منحط‬munḥaṭṭ low, base, low-level, ‫ محطم‬muḥaṭṭim crashing, thundering,
low-grade; fallen, degraded (woman); roaring (of an explosion. etc.) – muḥaṭṭam
mean, vile, vulgar; inferior broken (language)
‫ حطب‬ḥaṭaba i to gather firewood │ ‫حطب‬ ‫ محطمة‬muḥaṭṭima: ‫محطمة ثلجية‬
‫(في حبله‬fī ḥablihī) to support s.o., stand (taljīya) icebreaker (naut.)
by s.o., back s.o. up VIII to gather ‫ حظ‬ḥaẓẓa a (ḥaẓẓ) to be lucky, Fortunate IV=I
firewood
‫ حظ‬ḥaẓẓ pl. ‫ حظوظ‬ḥuẓūẓ part,
‫ حطب‬ḥaṭab pl. ‫ احطاب‬aḥṭāb firewood portion, share, allotment; lot, fate, destiny;
‫ حطاب‬ḥaṭṭāb wood gatherer; wood- good luck, good fortune; affluence,
cutter, lumberjack; vendor of firewood wealth, fortune; prosperity; pleasure │ ‫ذو‬
‫ حظ من‬endowed with; ‫ لحسن الحظ‬li-
‫ تحطيب‬taḥṭīb singlestick fencing (a
popular game, esp. in rural areas; eg.) ḥusni l-ḥ. and ‫ من حسن الحظ‬fortunately,
luckily; ‫ سوء الحظ‬sū’ al-ḥ. bad luck,
‫ حاطب‬taḥṭīb wood gatherer; misfortune; ‫ سيء الحظ‬sayyi’ al-ḥ.
woodcutter, lumberjack; vendor of unlucky, unfortunate; ‫لسوء الحظ‬
firewood │ ‫ كحاطب ليل‬ka-ḥāṭibi lailin unfortunately; ‫ من حسن حظي‬luckily for
lit.: like one who gathers wood at night, me, fortunately; ‫ كان من حسن حظه ان‬he
i.e., blindly, at random, heedlessly (said
was lucky in that he ...; ‫ليس احسن منها‬
of s.o. who does not realize, or think
‫ حظا‬he is no better off than she is
about, what he is doing)
‫ حظيظ‬ḥaẓīẓ lucky, fortunate
‫ حطم‬ḥaṭama i (ḥaṭm) to break, shatter, smash,
wreck, demolish (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II = I; V to ‫ محظوظ‬lucky, fortunate; content(ed),
break. go to pieces; to be broken, b. happy, glad
smashed, be shattered; to crash (e.g.,
‫ حظر‬ḥaẓara u (ḥaẓr) to fence in, hedge in (‫هـ‬
airplane, structure, etc.); to be wrecked
s.th.); to forbid (‫ هـ على‬to s.o. s.th.),
(ship) VII = V
prohibit (‫ هـ على‬s.o. from doing s.th.)
‫ حطمة‬ḥiṭma pl. ‫ حطم‬ḥiṭam particle,
small piece, shred, bit, morsel; s.th. ‫ حظر‬ḥaẓr forbiddance, interdiction,
broken prohibition, ban; embargo

‫ حطام‬ḥuṭām debris, rubble; fragments, ‫ حظار‬ḥiẓār, ḥaẓār wall, partition,


shards, broken pieces; wreckage, wreck screen; fence, palisade, railing
(of a ship) │‫ حطام الدنيا‬ad-dunyā the ‫ حظيرة‬ḥaẓīra pl. ‫ حظائر‬ḥaẓā’ir2
ephemeral things of this world, the enclosure, railing, fence, palisade, hedge;
vanities of the world compound, yard, pound, pinfold; corral,
pen, paddock, coop; hangar, shed; field,
‫ حطيم‬ḥaṭīm smashed, shattered,
wrecked 186 domain, realm (fig.) │‫( في حظيرة‬with
foll. genit.) inside of, within; ‫جذبه الى‬
‫ تحطيم‬taḥṭīm smashing, shattering, ‫( حظيرته‬jadabahū) to bring s.o. under
wrecking, breaking, demolition, one’s influence; ‫ حظائر الطائرات‬aircraft
destruction, disruption │O ‫سفينة تحطيم‬ hangars; ‫ حظيرة القدس‬ḥ. al-quds
‫ الجليد‬icebreaker Paradise
‫ تحطم‬taḥaṭṭum crumbling, ‫ محظور‬maḥẓūr interdicted, prohibited,
disintegration; crash (of an airplane); forbidden (‫ على‬to s.o.); embargoed; pl. ‫م‬
collapse, breakdown ‫ حظورات‬forbidden things, restrictions
‫ حاطمة‬ḥāṭima: O ‫حاطمة الجليد‬ (‫ حظو‬and ‫ حظي )حظي‬ḥaẓiya a (‫حظو‬
icebreaker (naut.) ‫ ة‬ḥuẓwa, ḥiẓwa) to enjoy the favor or
good graces of s.o. (‫)عند‬, be in s.o.’s (‫)عند‬
favor or good graces; to acquire, obtain, of letters); engraving, etching; graphic arts
attain, gain, win (‫ ب‬s.th.) (etching, wood engraving); scurvy (syr.) │
‫ جهاز الحفر‬jahāz al-ḥ. oil rig; oil derrick
‫ حظوة‬ḥuẓwa, ḥiẓwa favored position,
role of favorite; precedence; favor, grace; ‫ حفرة‬ḥufra pl. ‫ حفر‬ḥufar pit; hollow,
good will, benevolence; prestige, credit, cavity, excavation; hole
standing, respect, esteem │ ‫نال حظوة عند‬ ‫ حفرية‬ḥafrīya digging, excavation; O
(‫ )لدى‬to find favor with s.o. gravure; pl. ‫ حفريات‬excavations
‫ حظية‬ḥaẓīya pl. ‫ حظايا‬ḥaẓāyā (archeol.)
paramour, mistress, concubine ‫ حفار‬ḥaffār digger; engraver; driller;
‫ محظية‬maḥẓīya pl. -āt paramour. stone mason │ ‫ حفار القبور‬gravedigger
mistress, concubine
‫ حفير‬ḥafīr dug, dug out, excavated,
‫ حف‬ḥaffa u (ḥaff) to surround (‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬s.o., unearthed
s.th. with, also ‫ ب‬and ‫ حول‬s.o., s.th.), ‫ حفيرة‬ḥafīra pl. ‫ حفائر‬ḥafā’ir2 s.th.
enclose, encompass, border (‫ هـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th.); excavated or unearthed; pl. excavations
to depilate (‫ هـ‬a part of the body), unhair ( (archeol.)
‫ هـ‬the skin); to trim, clip (‫ هـ‬the beard); to
chafe, rub off, abrade (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫تحف به‬ ‫ احفور‬uḥfūr pl. ‫ احافير‬aḥāfīr2 s.th.
‫العين‬he is the object of admiring glances, excavated; fossil; pl. excavations
he is the center of attention, all eyes are (archeol.)
upon him; -- i (‫ حفيف‬ḥafīf) to rustle II and ‫ محفر‬miḥfar pl. ‫ محافر‬maḥāfir2 spade
VIII to surround, (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬,‫ ب‬,‫ حول‬s.o.,
‫ حافر‬ḥāfir pl. ‫ حوافر‬ḥawāfir2 hoof │
s.th.), enclose, encompass, border (,‫حول‬
‫ وقع الحافر على الحافر‬to coincide,
‫ هـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th.)
happen to correspond exactly; ‫على الحافر‬
‫ حفاف‬ḥifāf side on the spot, right away, at once
‫ حفيف‬ḥafīf rustle, rustling ‫ حافري‬ḥāfirī ungular, ungulate
‫ محفة‬miḥaffa (also maḥaffa) pl. -āt ‫ حافرة‬ḥāfira original condition,
litter, stretcher; roller stretcher; sedan beginning │‫ عند الحافرة‬on the spot, right
‫ حاف‬ḥaff: ‫( خبز حاف‬ḳubz) plain bread away, at once; ‫ رجع الى حافرته‬to revert to
(without anything to go with it; eg.)187 its original state or origin

‫ حافة‬ḥāffa pl. -āt enclosure, edge, ‫ محفور‬maḥfūr dug; inscribed,


margin; brim of a vessel; border, brink, engraved; carved
verge; fringe, hem │ ‫على حافة‬ ‫ حفز‬ḥafaza i (ḥafz) to pierce, stab (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ب‬
‫’الخراب‬alā ḥ. al-ḳarāb on the brink of with the spear); to incite, instigate, urge,
ruin prompt, induce (‫ على‬or ‫ الى ه‬s.o. to s.th.)
V to prepare o.s. get ready, be ready, be
‫ حفيد‬ḥafīd pl. ‫ احفاد‬aḥfād, ‫ حفدة‬ḥafada
grandson; descendant, offspring, scion about to do s.th. (‫ ل‬or ‫)الى‬. set out to do
s.th. (‫ ل‬or ‫ ;)الى‬to get ready to jump,
‫ حفيدة‬ḥafīda granddaughter make a running start; to listen, pay
‫ حفر‬ḥafara i (ḥafr) to dig (‫ هـ‬s.th.): to drill attention VIII to be about to do s.th., be
(for oil): to excavate (archeol.): to carve ( ready (‫ ل‬for)
‫ هـ‬s.th.): to engrave, etch (‫ هـ‬metal) │ ‫حفر‬ ‫ تحفز‬taḥaffuz preparedness, readiness;
‫خنادق‬to dig trenches; ‫حفر حفرة‬ vim, dash, verve, sweep, élan
(ḥufratan) to prepare a pitfall, prepare an
ambush VII pass. of I; VIII to dig ‫ حافز‬ḥāfiz pl. ‫ حوافز‬ḥawāfiz2 spur,
drive (‫ على‬to do s.th.), incentive (‫ على‬to),
‫ حفر‬ḥafr digging, earthwork, initiative
excavation (also archeol.); unearthing;
drilling (for oil): carving, inscribing (e.g.,
‫ مستحفز‬mutaḥfiz ready, prepared (‫ل‬ take care (‫ ب‬of s.th.); to keep, retain (‫ب‬
for) s.th.); ‫ احتفظ لنفسه‬to keep for o.s.,
‫ حفظ‬ḥafiẓa a (ḥifẓ) to preserve (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to appropriate, reserve for o.s. (‫ ب‬or ‫هـ‬
protect, guard, defend (‫ ه‬s.o.): to observe, s.th.), take complete possession (‫ هـ‬of) X
bear in mind (‫ هـ‬s.th.), comply (‫ هـ‬with to ask s.o. (‫ )ه‬to guard or protect (‫ هـ‬or
s.th.), be mindful, be heedful (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); ‫ على‬s.th.); to entrust (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ ه‬to s.o.
to keep up, maintain, sustain, retain, s.th.), commit s.th. (‫ على‬or ‫ )هـ‬to the
uphold (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to hold, have in charge of s.o. (‫)ه‬
safekeeping (‫ هـ‬s.th.), take care (‫ هـ‬of ‫ حفظ‬ḥifẓ preservation; maintenance,
s.th.); to keep, put away, save, store (‫هـ‬ sustentation, conservation, upholding;
s.th); to conserve, preserve (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to protection, defense, guarding; custody,
retain in one’s memory, remember, know safekeeping. keeping, storage; retention;
by heart (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to memorize, learn by observance, compliance (with);
heart, commit to memory (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. the memorizing, memorization; memory;
Koran); to reserve (‫ هـ لنفسه‬for o.s. s.th.): (jur.) discontinuance, stay, suspension (of
to stay, discontinue, suspend (‫ التحقيق‬a legal action, of a judicial investigation) │
judicial investigation; jur.) │‫حفظه الله‬ ‫حفظ الثار‬preservation of ancient
may God protect him! ‫ حفظ بالبريد‬to hold monuments (Eg.); ‫ حفظ الصحة‬ḥ. aṣ-
in care of general delivery (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫يحفظ‬ ṣiḥḥa hygiene, sanitation; ‫رجال الحفظ‬
‫( في البوسطة‬yuḥfaẓu) in care of general police
delivery, poste restante; ‫حفظ الوفاء ل‬ ‫ حفظة‬ḥifẓa anger, indignation,
(wafā’a) to be loyal to s.o., keep faith with resentment, rancor
s.o. II to have s.o. (‫ )ه‬memorize (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ حفاظ‬ḥifāẓ pl. -āt dressing, ligature,
III to preserve, keep up, maintain, uphold,
bandage │ ‫ حفاظ الحيض‬ḥ. al-ḥaiḍ
sustain (‫ على‬s.th.); 188 to supervise,
sanitary napkin
control (‫ على‬s.th.), watch (‫ على‬over
s.th.); to watch out (‫ على‬for), take care, be ‫ حفيظ‬ḥafīẓ attentive, heedful, mindful;
heedful, be mindful (‫ على‬of), look (‫على‬ preserving, keeping, guarding (‫ على‬s.th.)
after), attend, pay attention (‫ على‬to); to ‫ حفيظة‬ḥafīẓa pl. ‫ حفائظ‬ḥafā’iẓ2
keep, follow, observe, bear in mind (‫على‬ grudge, resentment, rancor
s.th.), comply (‫ على‬with), conform (‫على‬
to) ; to protect, guard, defend (‫ هـ‬and ‫على‬, ‫ محفظة‬maḥfaẓa, miḥfaẓa pl. -āt, ‫محاف‬
also ‫ عن‬s.th.) IV to vex, annoy, gall, ‫ ظ‬maḥāfiẓ2 folder, bag, satchel, briefcase
irritate, hurt, offend (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to keep up, dispatch case, portfolio; wallet, pocket,
book
maintain, preserve (‫ ب‬s.th.); to observe,
keep in mind (‫ ب‬s.th.), be mindful, be ‫ محفظة‬miḥfaẓa capsule
heedful, take care (‫ ب‬of s.th.), be ‫ تحفيظ‬taḥfīẓ memorization drill,
concerned (‫ ب‬with); to be cautious, be inculcation (esp. of the Koran)
wary, be on one’s guard; to be reserved,
aloof; to have reservations VIII to ‫ حفاظ‬ḥifāẓ defense, protection,
maintain, uphold (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., guarding (esp. of cherished, sacred
‫ بحقوقه‬one’s rights); to keep up, things); preservation, maintenance (‫على‬
maintain, retain (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a of interests); keeping, upholding (of
posture, a characteristic); to take care, take loyalty), adherence (to a commitment)
over custody (‫ ب‬of s.o.), protect, guard ( ‫ محافظة‬muḥāfaẓa guarding;
‫ ب‬s.o.); to defend (against encroachment), safeguarding; preservation; protection,
hold, maintain (‫ ب‬a possession); to defense; conservation, sustaining,
preserve, sustain, continue, keep up (‫ب‬ upholding; retention, maintenance (‫ على‬of
s.th.); to hold, possess (‫ ب‬s.th.); to put s.th.) conservativism (pol.), conservative
away, hold, have in safekeeping (‫ ب‬s.th.), attitude; following, observance (‫ على‬of
s.th.), compliance (‫ على‬with s.th.), concerves, canned goods; ‫جميع الحقوق‬
adherence (‫ على‬to); guarding (‫ من‬against ‫ محفوظة‬all rights reserved
misfortune), saving (‫ من‬from ‫ محافظ‬muḥāfiẓ supervisory,
misadventure); garrison (mil.); (pl. -āt)
controlling; observing (‫ على‬s.th.),
governorate (one of five administrative
complying (‫ على‬with), etc.; conservative
divisions of Egypt, in addition to a
mudīrīyāt); office of the muḥāfiẓ (head of (pol.), ‫ المحافظون‬the Conservatives, the
a governorate); province, anyone of the Tories; keeper, guarder, guardian,
custodian, caretaker, supervisor,
larger administrative districts (Syr.) │ ‫المح‬
superintendent; mayor; governor (Eg.:
‫ افظة على النفس‬self-preservation;
title of the chief officer of a governorate;
‫ مذهب المحافظة‬madhab al-m. Syr.: chief officer of a province); director
conservative movement, conserativism, general, president (= Brit. governor)
Toryism
‫ متحفظ‬mutaḥaffiẓ vigilant, alert, wary,
‫ تحفظ‬taḥaffuẓ caution, wariness, cautious; reticent, reserved, aloof; staid,
restraint, reticence, reserve, aloofness; -- sedate
189 (pl. -āt) precaution, precautionary
measure; reservation, limiting condition, ‫ مستحفظ‬mustaḥfaẓ pl. -āt reserve
conditional stipulation, proviso │ ‫مع‬ (mil.)
‫ التحفظ‬with full reservation ‫ حفل‬ḥafala i (ḥafl) to gather, assemble,
‫ تحفظي‬taḥaffuẓī precautionary, congregate; to flow copiously; to be
preventive │‫( اجراءات تحفظية‬ijrā’āt) replete, teem, superabound (‫ ب‬with); to
precautionary measures; ‫صلح تحفظي‬ pay attention, attend, give one’s mind (‫ب‬
(ṣulḥ) settlement before action, preventive or ‫ ل‬to s.th.), concern o.s. (‫ ب‬with), make
settlement (jur.) much (‫ ب‬of), set great store (‫ ب‬by) │ ‫ل‬
‫(حفل به‬lā ḥafla) indifferent, of no
‫ احتفاظ‬iḥtifāẓ guarding, safeguarding;
consequence II to adorn, decorate,
preservation; retention, maintenance,
ornament (‫ ب ه‬s.th. with) VIII to gather,
continuation, conservation, defense,
protection, vindication, sustaining, rally, throng together; to celebrate (‫ب‬
upholding; keeping, holding, safekeeping, s.th., s.o.); to concern o.s. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬with),
custody (‫ ب‬of s.th.) attend, pay attention. give one’s mind (‫ب‬
or ‫ ل‬to s.th.); to honor, welcome, receive
‫ حافظ‬ḥāfiẓ keeper, guarder, guardian, kindly (‫ ب‬s.o.)
custodian, caretaker; (pl. ‫حفاظ القرآن‬
ḥuffāẓ, ‫ حفظة‬ḥafaẓa) one who knows the ‫ حفل‬ḥafl gathering, meeting,
Koran by heart (formerly an honorific assembling; assembly, congregation,
epithet) throng, crowd; performance, show, public
event; celebrations; feast, festival
‫ حافظة‬ḥāfiẓa memory; -- (pl. ‫حوافظ‬
ḥawāfiẓ) wallet, pocketbook, money order ‫ حفلة‬ḥafla pl. -āt assembly, gathering,
(Eg.) meeting, congregation; party; (social or
public) event; show, performance (theater,
‫ محفوظ‬maḥfūẓ kept, held in cinema); concert; festivity, ceremony,
safekeeping, deposited, guarded, festival, festive event, celebration │ ‫حفلة‬
preserved; memorized, committed to ‫التأبين‬commemoration. Commemorative,
memory, etc.; conserved, preserved ceremony for a deceased person; ‫الحفلة‬
(food); reserved; ensured, secured,
‫( الولى‬ūlā) premiere; ‫حفلة حافلة‬
safeguarded; -- pl. ‫ محفوظات‬canned
numerous assembly; ‫( حفلة خيرية‬ḳairīya)
goods, concerves; archives; memorized
charity performance, charity event; ‫حفلة‬
material, what s.o. knows by heart │ ‫دار‬
‫ الدفن‬ad-dfn funeral ceremony,
‫ المحفوظات المصرية‬the Egyptian Public
obsequies; ‫( حفلة دينية‬dīnīya) religious
Record Office; ‫مأكولت محفوظة‬
ceremony, Divine Service; ‫حفلة ساهرة‬
and ‫ حفلة سمر‬ḥ. samar evening party,
soirée; ‫ حفلة سينمائية‬motion-picture 2
‫حفي‬ḥafiya a (‫ حفاء‬ḥafā’) to go barefoot; to
show; ‫ حفلة الشاي‬tea party; ‫حفلة العرس‬ have sore feet
ḥ. al-‘urs wedding;‫حفلة الستقبال‬ ‫ حاف‬ḥāfin pl. ‫ حفاة‬ḥufāh barefoot(ed)
(public) reception; ‫ حفلة موسيقية‬concert
‫ حق‬ḥaqqa i u to be true, turn out to be true, be
‫ حفيل‬ḥafīl eager, assiduous, diligent confirmed; to be right, correct; (also pass.
‫ محفل‬maḥfil pl. ‫ محافل‬maḥāfil2 assembly, ḥuqqa) to be necessary, obligatory,
congregation, meeting, gathering; party; requisite, imperative (‫ على‬for s.o.), be
190 body, collective whole; circle, quarter incumbent (‫ على‬upon s.o.); to be
│‫ محفل ماسوني‬Masonic lodge; ‫المحافل‬ adequate, suitable, fitting, appropriate (
(‫( الرسمية )السياسية‬rasmīya, siyāsīya) ‫ على‬for s.o.); to be due (‫ ل‬s.o.); ‫يحق له‬
the official (political) circles or quarters he is entitled to it, he has a right to it; ‫حق‬
‫ عليه‬he deserved it (punishment); -- u to
‫ احتفال‬iḥtifāl pl. -āt celebration,
ascertain (‫ هـ‬s.th.), make sure, be sure (‫هـ‬
ceremony, festival, festivities
of s.th.); to recognize. identify (‫ ه‬s.o.) II
‫ حافل‬ḥāfil pl. ‫ حفل‬ḥuffal, ‫حوافل‬ to make s.th. (‫ )هـ‬come true; to realize (‫هـ‬
ḥawāfil2 full (‫ ب‬of), filled, replete (‫ب‬ s.th., e.g., a hope), carry out (‫ هـ‬e.g., a
with); abundant, copious, lavish; much wish), carry into effect, fulfill, put into
frequented, well attended (by visitors, action, consummate, effect, actualize (‫هـ‬
participants, etc.), numerous (of s.th.); to implement (‫ هـ‬e.g., an
attendance); solemn, ceremonial, festive agreement); to produce, bring on, yield (‫هـ‬
‫ حافلة‬hāfila pl. -āt, ‫ حوافل‬ḥawāfil 2 O results); to determine, ascertain, find out,
autobus pinpoint, identify (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to prove s.th. (
‫ )هـ‬to be true, verify, establish,
‫ محتفل‬muḥtafil: ‫ المحتفلون‬the
participants in a festive event, the substantiate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to confirm, assert,
celebrators aver, avouch, affirm (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be exact,
painstaking, meticulous, careful (‫ هـ‬in
‫ محتفل‬muḥtafal assembly place, doing s.th.), e.g., ‫( حقق النظر‬naẓara) to
gathering place; party; ‫محتفل به‬ look closely; to study, examine,
celebrated investigate, explore (‫ هـ‬s.th.), look, inquire
‫ حفن‬ḥafana u to scoop up with both hands (‫هـ‬ (‫ هـ‬into s.th.); to verify, check (‫ هـ‬or ‫في‬
s.th.); to give a little (‫ ل‬to s.o.) s.th.); to investigate (‫ في‬s.th., police); to
make an official inquiry (‫ هـ‬into s.th.),
‫ حفنة‬ḥafna pl. ḥafanāt handful
institute an investigation (‫ هـ‬of or into;
1
(‫ حفو‬and ‫ حفي )حفى‬ḥafiya a (‫ حفاوة‬ḥafāwa) court; jur.); to interrogate (‫ مع‬s.o.),
to receive kindly and hospitably, to conduct a hearing (‫ مع‬of s.o.; jur.) III to
welcome, receive with honors, honor (‫ب‬ contend for a right (‫ ه‬with s.o.), contest or
s.o.) V to behave with affection, be litigate a right (‫ ه‬against s.o.) IV to tell the
affectionate (‫ ب‬toward) VIII do.; to truth; to be right (‫ في‬in s.th.); to enforce (
celebrate (‫ ب‬an occasion, a festival) ‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a legal claim) V to prove
‫ حفي‬ḥafīy welcoming, receiving true. turn out to be true, be confirmed,
kindly, greeting (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.) prove to be correct; to materialize,
become a fact; to be realized, be effected,
‫ حفاوة‬ḥafāwa friendly reception, come into effect; to be examined, be
welcoming, welcome, salutation (‫ ب‬of explored; to ascertain (‫ هـ‬s.th., also ‫)من‬,
s.o.) make sure, reassure o.s., gain proof,
‫ احتفاء‬iḥtifā’ reception, welcome, convince o.s., be convinced, be sure, be
salutation (‫ ب‬of s.o.); celebration, certain (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to check, verify (‫ هـ‬or
festivity ‫من‬. s.th.); to be serious (‫ ب‬about s.th.) X
to be entitled, have a claim (‫ هـ‬to s.th.); to
claim (‫ هـ‬s.th.), lay claim (‫ هـ‬to); to
deserve, merit (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be worthy (‫ هـ‬of); ‫ ق‬ḥuqaq) a weight (Syr., Pal.) = ‫ اقة‬uqqa;
to require, demand, 191 necessitate, make 1.280 = ‫ حقة استانبولية‬kg (Ir.)
requisite (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fall due. become
‫ احق‬aḥaqq2 worthier, more deserving (
payable (sum of money), mature. become
‫ ب‬of s.th.); more entitled (‫ ب‬to s.th.)
due (note); to be due (‫ ل‬s.o.) │ ‫يستحق‬
‫( الذكر‬dikra) worth mentioning, ‫ حقيق‬ḥaqīq pl. ‫ احقاء‬aḥiqqā’2 worthy,
noteworthy; ‫ل يستحق عليه الرسم‬ deserving (‫ ب‬of s.th.), fit, competent,
(rasmu) not subject to a fee. free of charge qualified; entitled (‫ ب‬to)
‫ حق‬ḥaqq truth; correctness, rightness; ‫ حقيقة‬ḥaqīqa pl. ‫ حقائق‬ḥaqā’iq2 truth,
rightful possession. property; one’s due; reality (also philos.); fact; the true state of
duty; proper manner; true, authentic, real; affairs, the facts; true nature, essence; real
right, fair and reasonable; correct, sound, meaning, true sense; ḥaqīqatan really, in
valid; ‫ الحق‬an attribute of God; (pl. ‫حقوق‬ reality, in effect, actually, in fact, indeed,
ḥuqūq) right, title, claim, legal claim (‫في‬ truly, in truth │ ‫ رأيته على حقيقته‬I saw its
to); ‫ الحقوق‬law, jurisprudence, legal true nature, as it really is; ‫في حقيقة المر‬
science; ‫ حقا‬ḥaqqan really, in reality, in in reality, really, actually; ‫ ليس له حقيقة‬it
effect, actually, in fact, indeed, truly, in does not really exist, it is not real
truth; justly, rightly, by rights │‫احقا ذلك؟‬ ‫ حقيقي‬ḥaqīqī real, true; actual; proper,
is that (really) so? really? ‫ بحق‬justly, intrinsic, essential; genuine; authentic;
rightly, by rights; ‫ بالحق‬truly, in reality, positive
actually; properly, appropriately, in a
suitable manner; ‫ بحق‬bi-haqqi and ‫في‬ ‫ حقوقي‬ḥuqūqī juristic(al); (pl. -ūn)
‫ حق‬as to ..., as for ..., with respect to, jurist, jurisprudent, lawyer
concerning, regarding; ‫ هو على حق‬he is ‫ احقية‬aḥaqqīya legal claim, title, right
in the right; ‫ الحق معن‬you are right; ‫الحق‬
‫ حقاني‬ḥaqqānī correct, right, proper,
‫ عليك‬you are wrong; ‫ هو حق عليك‬it is sound, valid, legitimate, legal
your duty; ‫ هذا حقي عليكم‬you owe this to
me; ‫‘( عرفانا لحقها عليه‬irfānan) in ‫ حقانية‬ḥaqqānīya justice, law │ ‫وزارة‬
recognition of what he owed her; ‫من حقه‬ ‫ الحقانية‬Ministry of Justice (formerly Eg.)
he is entitled to it, it is his due; ‫كان من‬ ‫ تحقيق‬taḥqīq realization, actualization,
‫ حقه ان‬he should have ..., he ought to effectuation, implementation; fulfillment
have …; ‫ له الحق في‬he is entitled to ...; (of a claim, of a wish, etc.); achievement,
‫( والحق يقال‬yuqāl) one may say, it must accomplishment, execution;
be admitted, it’s only fair to say, say what ascertainment, determination,
you will ..., ... though (as a parenthetical identification, verification; substantiation;
phrase); ‫( عرف حق المعرفة‬ḥaqqa l- assertion, affirmation, confirmation;
ma‘rifa) to know exactly, know for pinpointing, precise determination;
certain, know very well, also ‫علم حق‬ exactness, accurateness, precision; (= ‫تحقي‬
‫( العلم‬ḥaqqa l-‘ilm); ‫فهم حق الفهم‬ ‫ ق النطق‬t. an-nuṭq) precise
fahima ḥaqqa l-fahm to understand pronunciation; -- (pl. -āt) verification,
precisely, comprehend thoroughly, be check, checkup, investigation; official or
fully aware; ‫( السعادة الحقة‬sa‘āda) true judicial inquiry, 192 inquest │‫التحقيق ان‬
happiness; ‫ كلية الحقوق‬kullīyat al-ḥ. law it is a matter of fact that ..., it is certain
school, faculty of law that ...; ‫ على التحقيق‬properly speaking,
strictly speaking, actually; exactly,
‫ حق‬ḥuqq hollow, cavity; socket of a
precisely; positively, definitely; ‫عند‬
joint (anat.); also = ‫ حقة‬ḥuqqa
‫ التحقيق‬properly speaking, strictly
‫ حقة‬ḥuqqa pl. ‫ حقق‬ḥuqaq, ‫حقاق‬ speaking, actually; ‫ تحقيق الشخصية‬t. aš-
ḥiqāq, ‫ احقاق‬aḥqāq small box, case, pot šaḳšīya identification (of a person), proof
or jar; receptacle, container; -- (pl. -āt, ‫حق‬ of identity; ‫شهادة تحقيق الشخصية‬
šahādat t. aš-šaḳšīya identity card; ‫قلم‬
‫ تحقيق الشخصية‬qalam t. aš-š. bureau of ‫ الزمان‬ḥiqbatan min az-zamān for quite a
identification; ‫ تحقيق الذاتية‬t. ad-dātīya time, for some time
identification; ‫ قاضي التحقيق‬examining ‫ حقب‬ḥaqab pl. ‫ احقاب‬aḥqāb a kind of
magistrate; ‫ تحقيق الرباح‬realization of ornamental belt
profits (stock market)
‫ حقاب‬ḥiqāb pl. ‫ حقب‬ḥuqub a kind of
‫ احقاق‬iḥqāq: ‫ احقاقا للحق‬iḥqāqan li-l- ornamental belt
ḥaqq (so) that truth may prevail
‫ حقيبة‬ḥaqība pl. ‫ حقائب‬ḥaqā’ib2
‫ تحقق‬taḥaqquq ascertainment, making valise, suitcase, traveling bag; leather bag
sure; conviction, certainty, certitude; │ ‫ حقيبة دبلوماسية‬diplomatic pouch; ‫حقيب‬
verification, check, checkup ‫ ة النقود‬portemonnaie, change purse; ‫حقيب‬
‫ استحقاق‬istiḥqāq pl. -āt worthiness, ‫ ة اليد‬ḥ. al-yad ladies’ purse, handbag
deservingness, merit; one’s due or desert;
‫ حقد‬ḥaqida a, ḥaqada i (ḥaqd, ḥiqd) to harbor
maturity, payability, falling due (of a sum
feelings of hatred (‫ على‬against) IV to
of money); reclaiming or calling in of s.th.
incite to hatred or resentment, embitter,
due, demand of a right; vindication (1.1.
envenom (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I; VI to hate one
Law), replevin, detinue│‫عن استحقاق‬
another
deservedly, justly, by rights; ‫بدون‬
‫ استحقاق‬undeservedly; ‫تاريخ الاستحقاق‬ ‫ حقد‬ḥiqd pl. ‫ احقاد‬aḥqād, ‫ حقود‬ḥuqūd
date of maturity (e.g., of a bond); ‫الستحقا‬ hatred, malice, spite, resentment, rancor
‫( ق اللبناني‬lubnānī) name of a Lebanese ‫ حقيدة‬ḥaqida pl. ‫ حقائد‬ḥaqā’id2 hatred,
order malice, spite, resentment, rancor
‫ محقوق‬maḥqūq worthy, deserving ( ,‫ب‬ ‫ حقود‬ḥaqūd full of hatred, spiteful,
‫ ل‬of), fit, competent, qualifying (‫ ل‬,‫ب‬ resentful, malicious, malevolent,
for); wrong, at fault, on the wrong track rancorous
‫ محقق‬muḥaqqiq investigator; inquirer; ‫ حاقد‬ḥāqid full of hatred, spiteful,
examining magistrate resentful, malicious, malevolent,
‫ محقق‬muḥaqqaq sure, certain, beyond rancorous; pl. ‫ حقدة‬ḥaqada malevolent
doubt, unquestionable, indubitable; people
assured, established, accepted, recognized ‫ حقر‬ḥaqara i (ḥaqr) to despise, scorn,
│ ‫من المحقق ان‬it is certain that ..., it is a disdain (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to look down ( ,‫هـ‬
fact that … ‫ ه‬on), have a low opinion (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of); --
‫ محق‬muḥiqq telling the truth, in the ḥaqura u 193 to below, base,
right, being right contemptible, despicable; to be despised,
degraded, humiliated II to disparage,
‫ محقق‬mutaḥaqqiq convinced, sure, decry, depreciate (‫ ه‬s.o.), detract, derogate
certain, positive
(‫ ه‬from s.o.); to degrade, debase, humble,
‫ مستحق‬mustaḥiqq entitled; claiming; humiliate; to regard with contempt,
beneficiary (of a wakf); deserving, worthy despise, scorn, disdain (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.)
│‫ مستحق الدفع‬m. ad-daf‘ due, payable VIII to despise, scorn, disdain (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫هـ‬
(sum) s.th.), look down (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬on) X to regard as
‫ حقب‬VITI to put into one's bag, to bag (‫هـ‬ contemptible or despicable, disdain,
s.th.) despise (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.), look down (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
on)
‫ حقب‬ḥuqb pl. ‫ احقاب‬aḥqāb, ‫حقاب‬
ḥiqāb long stretch of time, long period ‫ حقير‬ḥaqīr pl. ‫ حقراء‬ḥuqarā’2 low,
base, mean, vulgar, vile; little, small,
‫ حقبة‬ḥiqba pl. ‫ حقب‬ḥiqab long time, paltry, inconsiderable, poor, wretched,
stretch of time; period, age │ ‫حقبة من‬ miserable; despised; despicable,
contemptible
‫ احقر‬aḥqar2 lower, baser, more ‫ احتقان‬iḥtiqān congestion │ ‫احتقان‬
contemptible ‫ الدم‬iḥt. ad-dam vascular congestion
‫ حقارة‬ḥaqāra lowness, vulgarity, ‫ محتقن‬muḥtaqan reddened by blood
baseness, vileness, meanness; smallness, congestion, flushed, red (face)
paltriness, insignificance, poorness,
‫ حقو‬ḥaqw pl. ‫ حقاء‬ḥiqā’, ‫ احقاء‬aḥqā’ loin,
wretchedness, miserableness;
despicability, contemptibleness; ignominy, groin │‫ شدد حقويه‬šaddada ḥaqwaihi to
infamy gird one’s loins

‫ تحقتر‬taḥqīr contempt, disdain, scorn;


1
‫ حك‬ḥakka u (ḥakk) to rub, chafe; to scrape; to
degradation, humiliation, abasement scratch; to rub off, scrape off, scratch off,
abrade (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( حك في صدره‬ṣadrihī)
‫ احتقار‬iḥtiqār contempt, disdain, scorn it impressed him, affected him, touched
│ ‫(نظر اليه بعين الحتقار‬bi-‘aini l-iḥt.) to s.th. inside him IV to itch V to rub o.s.,
regard s.o. with contempt, look down scrape, chafe (‫ ب‬against); to pick a
one’s nose at s.o. quarrel (‫ ب‬with s.o.) VI to rub or scrape
‫ محتقر‬muḥtaqar despised; against each other VIII to rub o.s. scrape,
contemptible, despicable chafe (‫ ب‬against); to be in contact, in
touch (‫ ب‬with) │ ‫احتك في صدره‬
‫ حقل‬ḥaql pl. ‫ حقول‬ḥuqūl field (also fig. = (ṣadrihī) it impressed him, affected him,
domain); column │ ‫حقول البترول‬oil touched s.th. inside him
fields; ‫ حقل الزيت‬ḥ. az-zait, ‫حقل النفط‬
ḥ. an-nafṭ oil field; oil area; ‫حقول‬ ‫ حك‬ḥakk rubbing, chafing; friction;
‫ التجارب‬experimental fields; ‫حقل كهربائي‬ scratching
(kahrabā’ī) electric field ‫ حك‬ḥakka itching; scabies, itch (med.)
‫ حقلي‬ḥaqlī field- (in compounds) ‫ حكاك‬ḥakkāk lapidary 194
‫ محاقلة‬muḥāqala sale of grain while ‫ محك‬miḥakk touchstone; test │ ‫ثبت‬
still in growth, dealing in grain futures ‫ على محك النظر‬tabata ‘alā m. in-naẓar to
(Isl. Law) stand a critical test
‫ حقن‬ḥaqana u (ḥaqn) to hold back, withhold, ‫ محكة‬miḥakka currycomb
keep back, detain, retain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ تحاك‬taḥākk (reciprocal) friction
suppress, repress, restrain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
keep to o.s. (‫ السر‬as-sirra the secret); to ‫ احتكاك‬iḥtikāk pl. -āt (reciprocal)
spare (‫ دمه‬damahū s.o.’s blood or life); to friction; close touch or contact; friction
give (‫ ه‬s.o.) an injection (med.) VIII to (fig., = dissension, controversy) │ ‫من غير‬
become congested (esp. blood); to suffer ‫ احتكاك‬min gair ḥt. frictionless
from strangury; to take an enema, a
‫ محكك‬muḥakkak chafed, worn away
clyster; to be injected │‫احتقن وجهه‬
(wajhahū) his face was flushed, his face 2
‫ حكة‬ḥukka (tun., = ḥuqqa) pl. ‫ حكك‬ḥukak
turned red small box, case, pot or jar
‫ حقن‬ḥaqn retention, withholding; ‫ حكر‬VIII to buy up, hoard and withhold,
sparing; injecting. injection (med.) │ ‫حقنا‬ corner (‫ هـ‬a commodity); to monopolize (
‫ لدمائهم‬ḥaqnan li-dimā’ihim in order to ‫ هـ‬a commercial article); to have exclusive
spare their blood; ‫حقن في حبل الوريد‬ possession (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), hold a monopoly (
intravenous injection (med.) ‫ هـ‬over s.th.)
‫ حقنة‬ḥuqna pl. ‫ حقن‬ḥuqan injection ‫ حكر‬ḥikr, ḥukr and ‫ اجرة الحكر‬ujrat
(med.); hypodermic; clyster; enema al-ḥ. ground rent, quitrent
‫ محقنة‬miḥqana pl. ‫ محاقن‬maḥāqin2 ‫ حكر‬ḥakar, ḥukar hoarded
syringe (med.)
‫ حكرة‬ḥukra hoarding (of goods); the judge (‫ على‬of), pass judgment (‫على‬
monopoly on); to decide (‫ ب‬on); to rule, reign, hold
‫ حاكورة‬ḥākūra small vegetable garden sway (‫ في‬over); to dominate, control (‫في‬
s.th.), be in control, be in command (‫في‬
‫ احتكار‬iḥtikār pl. -āt cornering, buying of) VI to bring one another before the
up; monopoly; preferential position; judge (‫ ;)الى الحاكم‬to appeal (‫ الى‬to) for a
supremacy, hegemony │ ‫احتكار تجارة‬ legal decision; to be interrogated, be heard
‫البن‬al-bunn coffee-trade monopoly; (in court) VIII to have one’s own way (‫في‬
‫ احتكار السكر‬iḥ. as-sukkar sugar in), proceed (‫ في‬with, in s.th.) at will, at
monopoly random, handle (‫ في‬s.th.) arbitrarily,
‫ احتكاري‬iḥtikārī rapacious, grasping, judge arbitrarily; to rule, reign, hold sway
greedy (‫ في‬,‫ على‬over); to be in control, be in
possession (‫ على‬of); to appeal (‫ الى‬to) for
‫ حكم‬ḥakama u (ḥukm) to pass judgment,
a legal decision, seek a decision (‫الى‬
express an opinion (‫ في‬,‫ على‬on s.th.),
from), have s.o. (‫ )الى‬decide X to be
judge (‫ على‬s.th., ‫ ب‬by, from); to decide, strong, sturdy, solid, firm; to become
give a decision, pass a verdict, pass stronger, be strengthened, be 195
sentence (‫ على‬on); to sentence (‫ على‬s.o., consolidated; to take root, be or become
‫ ب‬to a penalty; said of the judge), impose, deep-rooted, deep-seated, ingrained,
inflict (‫ ب‬a penalty) on s.o. (‫ ;)على‬to inveterate, marked, pronounced (feeling,
pronounce a verdict or judgment, deliver trait)
judgment, rule (‫ ل‬in s.o.’s favor); to
‫ حكم‬ḥukm pl. ‫ احكام‬aḥkām judgment,
adjudicate, adjudge, award (‫ ب ل‬to s.o.
valuation, opinion; decision, (legal)
s.th.); to take (‫ ب‬s.th.) as a standard or
judgment, verdict, sentence;
norm; to have judicial power, have
condemnation, conviction; administration
jurisdiction, have authority (‫ على‬and ‫ه‬ of justice; jurisdiction, legal consequence
over), govern, rule, dominate, control ( of the facts of a case (Isl. Law);
‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to order, command (‫ب‬ regulation, rule, provision, order,
s.th.); to bridle, check, curb (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., ordinance, decree; judiciousness, wisdom,
s.o.) │ ‫( حكم عليه بالعدام‬ḥukima, i‘dām) judgeship, command, authority, control,
he was sentenced to death; ‫حكم بإدانته‬ dominion, power; government, regime; pl.
(bi-idānatihī) to convict s.o., find s.o. ‫ احكام‬statutes, by-laws, regulations, rules,
guilty (jur.); ‫( حكم ببراءته‬bi-barā’atihi) to provisions, stipulations, principles,
acquit s.o. (jur.) II to appoint (‫ ه‬s.o.) as precepts; ‫ حكما‬ḥukman virtually; legally
ruler; to choose (‫ ه‬s.o.) as arbitrator, make │‫ بحكم‬bi-ḥukmi by virtue of, on the
(‫ ه‬s.o.) the judge (‫ في‬over or in s.th., ‫بين‬ strength of, pursuant to, by force of; ‫في‬
between) III to prosecute (‫ ه‬s.o.); to ‫ حكم‬as good as, all but, e.g., ‫هو في حكم‬
arraign, bring to trial, hale into court (‫ه‬ (fī ḥukm l-‘adam) it is as good as nothing,
s.o.); to interrogate, hear (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to it is practically nonexistent; ‫اصبح في حكم‬
make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) firm, strong, sturdy, solid; ‫ المقرر‬aṣbaḥa fī ḥukmi l-muqarrar it is all
to fortify (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to strengthen, but decided, ‫ كان في حكم الشيء‬also: to
consolidate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to do well, do be subject to s.th.; ‫ نزل على حكمه‬to give
expertly, master (‫ هـ‬field, work), be in, yield to s.o., ‫ حكم البراءة‬ḥ. al-barā’a
proficient (‫ هـ‬in) │ ‫( احكم امره‬amrahu) acquittal, ‫( حكم حضوري‬ḥuḍūrī) judgment
to do s.th. thoroughly, carefully, properly; delivered in the presence of the litigant
‫( احكم قفل الباب‬qafla l-bāb) to lock the parties, after oral proceedings (jur.), ‫الحك‬
door firmly; ‫( احكم لغة‬lugatan) to master ‫( م بالعدام‬i‘dām) death sentence; ‫حكم‬
a language V to have one's own way (‫في‬ ‫( غيابي‬giyābī) judgment by default (jur.);
in), proceed (‫ في‬with) at random, at will, ‫( الحكم الذاتي‬dātī) self-determination,
handle (‫ في‬s.th.) arbitrarily; to pass autonomy (pol.); ‫الحكم الجمهوري‬
arbitrary judgment (‫ في‬on); to make o.s. (jumhūrī) the republican form of
government, the republican regime; ‫الحكم‬ jurisdiction limited to Egyptian nationals),
‫( المطلق‬muṭlaq) the absolute, i.e., ‫( محكمة ابتدائية‬ibtidā’īya) court of first
authoritarian, regime, ‫الحكم النهائي‬ instance, ‫( محكمة ابتدائية كلية‬kullīya)
(niyābī) the parliamentary regime, civil court with jurisdiction in cases of
parliamentarianism; ‫ لجنة الحكم‬lajna al- major importance, at the same time
ḥ. board of examiners, review board; ‫الحك‬ appellate instance of ‫( محاكم جزئية‬Eg.);
‫‘( ام العرفية‬urfīya) martial law; ‫احكام‬ 196 ‫( محكمة جزئية‬juz’īya) in Eg., lowest
‫( انتقالية‬intiqālīya) provisional regulations court of both ‫( محاكم اهلية‬approx.:
(jur.); ‫( احكام ختامية‬ḳitāmīya) final district courts) and of ‫محاكم شرعية‬
regulations (jur.); ‫( احكام خاصة‬ḳāṣṣa) canonical courts (with jurisdiction in
special regulations; ‫( لكل سن حكمه‬sinn) marital and family matters); summary
every age has its own set of rules, must be court; ‫ محكمة الجنايات‬m. al-jinīyāt
judged by its own standards, ‫للضرورة‬ criminal court; ‫محاكم الحوال الشخصية‬
‫( احكام‬li-ḍ-ḍarūra) necessity has its (own) (šaḳṣīya) courts dealing with vital
rules, (approx.: necessity knows no law) statistics; ‫( محكمة مختلطة‬muḳtaliṭa)
mixed court (with jurisdiction over
‫ حكمي‬ḥukmī legal residents of foreign nationality); ‫محكمة‬
‫( حكمدار‬eg.; pronounced ḥikimdār) ‫( شرعية‬šar’īya) canonical court
commandant; chief of police (administering justice on the basis of the
Sharia), court dealing with family matters
‫( حكمدارية‬eg.; pronounced
of Muslims; ‫( محكمة مركزية‬markazīya)
ḥikimdārīya) commandant’s office
county court, dealing with minor offenses,
‫ حكم‬ḥakam pl. ‫ حكام‬ḥukkām arbitrator, esp. misdemeanors (Eg.); ‫محكمة القضاء‬
arbiter; umpire, referee ‫ الداري‬m. al-qaḍā’ al-idārī administrative
‫ حكمة‬ḥikma pl. ‫ حكم‬ḥikam wisdom; court; ‫ محكمة النقض والبرام‬m. an-naqḍ
sagacity; philosophy, maxim, rationale, wa-l-ibrām Court of Cassation, the highest
underlying reason │ ‫( لحكمة‬with foll. court of appeal in Egypt; ‫محكمة التمييز‬
genit.) on account of, because of Court of Cassation (Syr., Leb. = ‫محكمة‬
‫ النقض والبرام‬in Eg.); ‫ساحة المحاكم‬
‫ حكمي‬ḥikmī gnomic, aphoristic, tribunals
expressing maxims │ ‫( الشعر الحكمي‬ši'r)
gnomic poetry ‫ تحكيم‬taḥkīm appointment of an
arbitrator; arbitration; arbitral decision,
‫ حكمة‬ḥakama pl. -āt bit (of a horse’s award; pl. ‫ تحكيمات‬fortifications │ ‫تحكيم‬
bridle) ‫ الحال‬starting from the present state of a
‫ حكيم‬ḥakīm pl. ‫ حكماء‬ḥukamā’2 wise, court’s findings (Isl. Law); ‫هيئة التحكيم‬
judicious; wise man, sage; philosopher; hai’at at-t. board of arbitration; jury,
physician, doctor committee of judges, committee of
umpires (in sports), committee of referees
‫ حكيمباشي‬ḥakīmbāšī senior physician,
(in mil. maneuvers); ‫( لجنة تحكيمية‬lajna)
chief surgeon
do.
‫ حكومة‬ḥukūma pl. -āt government
‫ محاكمة‬muḥākama judicial proceeding;
‫ حكومي‬ḥukūmī of government, trial, hearing (in court); legal prosecution
governmental; official, state-owned, state-
‫ احكام‬iḥkām perfection; accuracy,
controlled of the state, state- (in
exactness, exactitude, precision; exact
compounds)
performance, precise execution │ ‫بالحكا‬
‫ احكم‬aḥkam2 wiser ‫م‬accurately, exactly, precisely; ‫بالغ في‬
‫ محكمة‬maḥkama pl. ‫ محاكم‬maḥākim2 ‫ الحكام‬of highest perfection
court, tribunal │ ‫ محكمة الستئناف‬m. al- ‫ تحكم‬taḥakkum arbitrariness, arbitrary
isti’nāf court of appeal, appellate court; ‫م‬ powers or action; despotism; domination,
‫( حكمة اهلية‬ahlīya) indigenous court (Eg.;
dominion, rule, sway, power; control (‫في‬ ‫ محاكاة‬muḥākāh imitation; similarity,
of, over) resemblance; harmony
‫ تحكمي‬taḥakkumī arbitrary; despotic ‫ حاك‬ḥākin narrator, storyteller;
phonograph; O loudspeaker, radio
‫ استحكام‬istiḥkām intensification,
increase, strengthening; consolidation, ‫ محكي‬maḥkīy imitated, imitation (adj.)
stabilization; fortification; pl. ‫استحكامات‬ ‫ حكيمباشي‬see ‫حكم‬
fortifications
1
‫ حل‬ḥalla u (ḥall) to untie (‫ هـ‬a knot),
‫ حاكم‬ḥākim ruling, governing;
unbind, unfasten, unravel, undo (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
decisive; --(pl. -ūn, ‫ حكام‬ḥukkām) ruIer,
to solve (‫ هـ‬a problem, a puzzle); to
sovereign; governor; judge │ ‫(حاكم‬bi-
decipher, decode (‫ هـ‬s.th.): to dissolve in
amrihī) autocratic; autocrat, dictator; ‫حاكم‬
water (‫ هـ‬s.th.; chem.); to resolve (‫ هـ‬s.th.
‫‘( عام‬āmm) governor general; ‫حاكم‬
into its components), analyze (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ المباراة‬al-mubārāh umpire, referee
melt (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to decompose, disintegrate
(athlet.); ‫ حاكم الصلح‬ḥ. aṣ-ṣulḥ (Syr.)
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to disband, break up, dissolve (
justice of the peace; ‫ حاكم الناحية‬ḥ. an-
‫ هـ‬an organization or party, parliament); to
nāḥiya (Tun.) district magistrate
open, unpack (‫ هـ‬a package, and the like);
‫ حاكمية‬ḥākimīya domination, to loosen, relax (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to release, set
dominion, rule, sovereignty; judgeship, free, let go (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to clear,
judicature, jurisdiction (ir.) exonerate, exculpate (‫ من ه‬s.o. from),
‫ محكوم عليه‬maḥkūm ‘alaih sentenced absolve (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ من‬from his sins; Ch,.);
(‫ ب‬to) │ ‫(محكوم عليهم بالعدام‬i‘dām) pass. ḥulla to be free; to be relaxed; -- i u (
those sentenced to death; ‫محكوم عليه‬ ‫ حلول‬ḥulūl) to dismount, alight, stop, halt;
‫( بالفشل‬fašal) doomed to fail to settle down, stay (‫ ب‬at a place, also ‫في‬
and ‫ هـ; على‬with s.o., at s.o.’s house),
‫ محكم‬muḥakkam pl. -ūn arbitrator, come (for a visit, ‫ على‬to); to take up
arbiter; umpire, referee (‫ في‬in, over) residence (‫ هـ‬in a place or country); to
‫ محكم‬muḥkam strengthened, descend, come down; to descend (‫على‬
reinforced; firm, solid, sturdy; tight, taut; upon s.o.; wrath); to overcome,
perfect, masterly, masterful; well-aimed overwhelm (‫ على‬s.o.; sleep); to befall (‫ب‬
(blow, hit); accurate, precise, exact │ and ‫ على‬s.o.; punishment, suffering),
‫ محكم التدبير‬well-planned, well-contrived occur, happen (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to become
‫ مستحكم‬mustaḥkam reinforced, incarnate (‫ في‬in s.o.; God); to set in,
fortified; strengthened, consolidated, arrive, begin (time, season); -- i to pass
strong; inveterate, deep-seated, deep- into solution, dissolve: to fade (color); -- i
rooted, ingrained (custom, trait, etc.); pl. ‫م‬ (ḥill) to be allowed, permitted,
permissible, lawful; to be due, payable
‫ ستحكمات‬defenses, fortifications
(debt) │‫( حل في منصب‬manṣib) to take
‫ حكمدارية‬,‫ حكمدار‬see ‫حكم‬ over or hold an office; ‫حل محله‬
‫ حكى‬ḥakā i (‫ حكاية‬ḥikāya) to tell, (maḥallahū) to be in the right place; ‫حل‬
relate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), report, give an account (‫هـ‬ ‫ حل محل الشيء‬,‫( محل فلن‬maḥalla) to
of); to speak, talk (syr., leb.); to imitate, take the place of s.o. or s.th., replace,
copy (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to resemble (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., supersede s.o. or s.th., substitute for s.o. or
s.th.) III to imitate, copy (‫ هـ‬s.th.), s.th.; ‫( حلت في قلبه محل‬qalbihī) she held
assimilate o.s. (‫ هـ‬to); to be similar (‫ هـ‬to), a place in his heart; ‫حل محل التقدير لديه‬
be like s.th. (‫)هـ‬, resemble (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be (maḥalla t-taqdīri ladaihi) to enjoy s.o.’s.
attuned, adjusted, adapted (‫ هـ‬to), be in high esteem; ‫حل من نفوس القراء محل‬
(min nufūsi l-qurrā’i maḥalla l-istiḥsān)
harmony (‫ هـ‬with) 197 ‫ حكاية‬ḥikāya pl.
to appeal to the readers, meet with the
-āt story, tale, narrative, accountj (gram.)
readers' approval II to dissolve, resolve
literal quotation (of the words of others)
(into its component parts), break up, disbandment, breaking up (of all
decompose, analyze (‫ هـ‬s.th.): to make a organization, etc.), abolition, cancellation,
chemical analysis (‫ هـ‬of s.th.): to be annulment; release, freeing, liberation;
dissolvent, act as a solvent (‫ هـ‬on; med.): decontrol, release, unblocking (e.g., of a
to discharge, absolve, clear, exonerate, blocked sum); discharge. clearing,
exculpate (‫ ه‬s.o.); (‫ تحلة‬taḥilla) to expiate exoneration, exculpation; absolution
an oath: to make permissible or lawful, (Chr.) │‫ قابل للحل‬soluble, solvable; O
legitimate, sanction, justify, warrant (‫هـ‬ ‫( الحل الطيفي‬ṭaifī) spectral analysis; ‫اهل‬
s.th.); to declare permissible or lawful, ‫ الحل والعقد‬ahl al-ḥ. wa-l-‘aqd or ‫اهل‬
allow, permit (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to discharge, ‫( الحل والربط‬rabṭ) influential people,
release, absolve, disengage (‫ من ه‬s.o. those in power; ‫في حله وترحاله‬
from); to declare (‫ هـ‬s.th.) lawful, legally (tarḥālihī) in all his doings, in everything
permissible, permit, allow (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to he did
cause to set in or occur, bring about, ‫ حل‬ḥill: (‫( كان في حل من )عن‬ḥillin)
produce, cause to take root, establish, he was free to …, he was at liberty to ...;
stabilize (‫ هـ‬s.th.): to cause (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to he had free disposal of ...; ‫انت في حل من‬
take or occupy the place (‫ هـ‬of), shift, you’re free to ..., you may readily ...
move, translocate (‫ هـ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a tribe,
‫ حلة‬ḥalla pl. ‫ حلل‬ḥilal low copper
to a place); to settle (‫ بين هـ‬s.th. among) │
vessel; cooking pot (eg.)
‫( احله محل‬maḥallahū) to cause s.o. or
s.th. to take the place of s.o. or s.th. else, ‫ حلة‬ḥilla way station, stopping place,
replace s.o. or s.th. by, substitute s.o. or stop, stopover; encampment; absolution
s.th. for, take s.o. or s.th. as substitute for; (Chr.); dispensation (Chr.)
‫( أحل الشيء محل العناية‬maḥalla ‫ حلة‬ḥulla pl. ‫ حلل‬ḥulal clothing, dress,
l-‘ināya) to pay attention to s.th., make garb; vestments (ecclesiastic; Chr.);
s.th. one’s concern V to dissolve, melt, (complete) suit of clothes; (Western) suit
disintegrate; to disengage o.s.,
│‫( حلة رسمية‬rasmīya) uniform; ‫حلة‬
disassociate o.s., extricate o.s., free o.s. (
‫ السهرة‬ḥ. as-suhra formal dress
‫ من‬from) VII to be untied (knot); to be
solved, be unraveled (problem); to be ‫ حلل‬ḥalāl that which is allowed,
dissolved, be broken up, be disbanded permitted or permissible; allowed,
(also, of an organization, a party, etc.); to permitted, permissible, allowable,
dissolve, melt; to become .lock, limp, admissible, lawful, legal, licit, legitimate;
weak, loose, relaxed; to disintegrate; to lawful possession │‫ ابن حلل‬ibn ḥ.
melt away VIII to settle down (‫ هـ‬at a legitimate son; respectable man, decent
place); to occupy (mil., ‫ هـ‬a territory); to fellow
assume, take over, occupy, hold, have (‫هـ‬ ‫ حلول‬ḥulūl stopping, putting up,
a place, 198 a rank, an office) │ ‫احتل‬ staying; descending, coming on, befalling,
‫( المكان الول‬al-makāna l-awwala) to overtaking; incarnation; setting in, advent,
occupy the foremost place; ‫احتل أعماله‬ arrival (of a time, of a deadline),
(a‘mālahū) to take over s.o.’s functions X beginning, dawn; substitution (for s.o.)
to regard (‫ هـ‬s.th.) as permissible or
‫ حليل‬ḥalīl pl. ‫ احلء‬aḥillā’2 husband
lawful, think that one may do s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to
regard as fair game, as easy prey, seize ‫ حليلة‬ḥalīla pl. ‫ حلئل‬ḥalā’il2 iI' wife
unlawfully, misappropriate, usurp (‫هـ‬
‫ احليل‬iḥlīl outer opening of the urethra;
s.th.)
urethra (anat.)
‫ حل‬ḥall pl. ‫ حلول‬ḥulūl untying,
‫ محل‬maḥall pl. -āt, ‫ محال‬maḥāll2
unfastening, undoing (of a knot); solution
place, location, spot, site, locale, locality,
(of a problem, of a puzzle, etc.);
center; (place of) residence; business;
unriddling, unraveling, explanation;
business house, firm, commercial house;
solution (chem.); dissolution,
store, shop; object, cause (e.g., of dispute,
admiration, etc.); gear (automobile) │ ‫حل‬ ‫ تحليلي‬taḥlīlī analytic(al)
‫ محله‬and ‫ احله محله‬see ‫ حل‬I and IV; ‫ تحلل‬taḥallul dissolution, breakup;
‫( محله‬maḥallahū) in his (its) place; ‫في‬ separation, disengagement, disassociation
‫ محله‬in his (its) place, in his (its) stead,
instead of him; ‫ كان في محله‬to be in the ‫ انحلل‬inḥilāl dissolution, breakup,
right place; to be appropriate, expedient, decomposition; disintegration; decay,
advisable; to be justified, warranted; ‫في‬ putrefaction; slackening, exhaustion,
‫ غير محله‬improper, misplaced, unsuitable, prostration, weakness, impotence
ill-suited; out of place; inappropriate, ‫ احتلل‬iḥtilāl occupation (mil.) │‫جيوش‬
inexpedient, inopportune; ‫صادف محله‬ ‫ الحتلل‬occupation forces
ṣādafa maḥallahū to be convenient, be
‫ احتللي‬iḥtilālī occupying, occupation
most opportune; ‫( ل محل له‬maḥalla) there
(used attributively); advocate of foreign
is no room for ... ; it is out of place, quite
occupation
déplacé; ‫ محل العمل‬m. al-‘amal place of
employment; ‫ محل القامة‬m. al-iqāma ‫ محلول‬maḥlūl solved; dissolved,
(place of) residence, address; ‫محل نجاري‬ resolved, broken up; loose; untied,
(tijārī) business house, commercial house; unfastened, unfettered, free, at large;
‫‘( المحلت العمومية‬umūmīya, tijārīya) weakened, prostrate, exhausted, languid;
public utilities and commercial houses; solution (liquid; chem.) │‫ محلول الشعر‬m.
‫ اسم المحل‬ism al-m. firm; ‫محل رهونات‬ aš-ša‘ar with loose, disheveled hair
m. ruhūnāt pawnshop; ‫ محلات السياحة‬m. ‫ محلل‬muḥallil analyzer
as-siyāḥfa travel agencies; ‫محل مرطبات‬
m. muraṭṭibāt refreshment parlor; ‫محل‬ ‫ منحل‬munḥall solved; dissolved,
resolved, broken up; disbanded; languid,
‫ اللهو‬m. al-lahw and ‫ محل الملهي‬m. al-
prostrate, weak; permitted, allowed
malāhī (pl. ‫ )محال‬amusement center;
‫ محل نزاع‬m. nizā‘ object 199 of ‫ جيوش محتلة‬juyūš muḥtalla
controversy, controversial matter; ‫ل ارى‬ occupation forces
‫ محل لعجب‬lā arā m. li-‘ajabin I don’t see 2
‫ حيلولة‬see ‫حول‬
any reason for amazement, there is
nothing to be astonished about; ‫ محل‬m.
2
‫ حلب‬ḥālaba i u (ḥalb) to milk (‫ هـ‬an animal)
naẓar s.th. deserving attention, a striking, │‫ حلب الدهر اشطره‬ḥalaba d-dahra
remarkable thing ašṭurahū he has seen good and bad days V
to run, drip, trickle, ooze, seep, leak; to
‫ محلي‬maḥallī local; native, water. drool (mouth, with appetite) │
indigenous; parochial; pl. ‫ محليات‬local ‫( تتحلب له الفواه‬afwāh) making the
news, local page (of a newspaper) mouth water, appetizing; ‫تحلب اللعاب في‬
‫ محل‬maḥill due date; date of delivery ‫( فمي‬al-lu‘ābu fī famī) my mouth was
watering VIII to milk (‫ هـ‬an animal) X
‫ محلة‬maḥalla pl. -āt way station,
do.; to squeeze juice (‫ هـ‬from)
stopping place, stop, stopover,
encampment; camp; section, part, quarter ‫ حلب‬ḥalb milking
(of a city) │‫( المحلة الكبرى‬kubrā)
‫ حلب‬ḥalab milk
Mahalla el Kubra (city in N Egypt)
‫ حلبة‬ḥalba pl. ḥalabāt race track;
‫ تحليل‬taḥlīl dissolution, resolution,
arena; dance floor; race horses │ ‫حلبة‬
breaking up, decomposition, specification,
‫ الرقص‬ḥ. ar-raqṣ dance floor; ‫انه ليس‬
detailing, analyzation; (pl. ‫ تحاليل‬taḥālīl2)
analysis (chem.); absolution (Chr.) │ ‫ من تلك الحلبة‬he is not made for that, he
doesn’t belong there, it is not in his line;
‫ بالتحليل‬in detail; ‫ معمل تحليل‬ma‘mal t.
‫ فارس حلبة ب‬a master of, excelling or
laboratory for chemical analyses; ‫تحليل‬
outstanding in
‫( كهربائي‬kahrabā’ī) electrolysis; ‫التحليل‬
(‫( النفسي )النفساني‬nafsī) psychoanalysis
‫ حلبة‬ḥulba fenugreek (Trigonella ‫ حلس‬ḥi1s pl. ‫ احلس‬aḥlās (with foll.
foenum-graecum; bot.); tonic, prepared of genit.) one addicted or given to s.th., one
yellowish grains, for women in childbed adhering to s.th.│‫ احلس اللهو‬a. al-lahw
(eg., syr.) people given to pleasure and amusement,
bons vivants, playboys
‫ حليب‬ḥalīb milk │‫ لبن حليب‬laban ḥ.
cow’s milk (eg.) ‫ حلس‬ḥils pl. ‫ احلس‬aḥlās, ‫ حلوس‬ḥulūs
saddle blanket
‫ حلوب‬ḥalūb lactiferous │‫بقرة حلوب‬
(baqara) milk cow; ‫الماشية الحلوب‬ ‫ احلس‬aḥlas2, f. ‫ حلساء‬ḥulasā’2 bay,
(māšiya) dairy cattle chestnut (horse)
‫ حلب‬ḥallāb milker ‫ حلف‬ḥalafa i (ḥalf, ḥilf) to swear (‫ بالله‬by
God)│ ‫( حلف يمينا‬yamīnan) to take an
‫ حلبة‬ḥallāba milkmaid, dairymaid;
dairywoman; milk cow 200 oath II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) swear; to put to
oath, swear in (‫ ه‬s.o.); to adjure, entreat
‫ محلب‬maḥlab mahaleb (Prunus earnestly (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to enter into a
mahaleb; bot.) confederation, into an alliance (‫ ه‬with
‫ حالب‬ḥālib ureter s.o.), become an ally (‫ ه‬of s.o.) VI to
commit one another by oath (‫ على‬to do
‫ مستحلب‬mustaḥlab emulsion│
s.th.), join in alliance; to ally, makc an
‫ مستحلب اللوز‬m. al-lauz almond milk
alliance (‫ مع‬with) X to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
2
‫ حلب‬ḥalab2 Aleppo swear, exact an oath (‫ ه‬from s.o.); to
‫ حلتيت‬ḥiltīt, ḥaltīt asafetida (Ferula adjure, entreat earllestly (‫ ه‬s.o.)
assafoetida; bot.) ‫ حلف‬ḥalf, ḥilf swearing, oath│ ‫حلف‬
‫ حلج‬ḥalaja i u (ḥalj, ‫ حليج‬ḥalīj) to gin (‫هـ‬ ‫ اليمين‬taking the oath
cotton) ‫ حلف‬ḥilf sworn alliance, confederacy,
‫ حلج‬ḥalj ginning (of cotton) league; federation; (pl. ‫ احلاف‬aḥlāf) ally│
‫‘( حلف عسكرى‬aakarī) military alliancc;
‫ حليج‬ḥalīj ginning (of cotton); ginned ‫( الحلف الطلنطى‬aṯlanṯī) the Atlantic
(cotton) Pact
‫ حلجة‬ḥilāja cotton ginner’s work or ‫ حليف‬ḥaīf pl. ‫ حلفاء‬ḥulafā’2
trade confederate; ally; allied │‫ الحلفاء‬the
‫ حلج‬ḥallāj cotton ginner Allies (pol.)
‫ محلج‬miḥlaj, ‫ محلجة‬miḥlaja pl. ‫محالج‬ ‫ حليفة‬ḥalīfa pl. -āt f. of ‫حليف‬
maḥālij2 cotton gin ‫ حلوف‬ḥallūf pl. ‫ حلليف‬ḥalālīf2 (magr.,
‫ محلج‬maḥlaj pl. ‫ محالج‬maḥālij2 cotton eg.) wild boar; pig, swine
ginnery ‫ حلفاء‬ḥulafā’ and ‫ حلفة‬ḥalfa (bot.)
‫ حلحل‬ḥalḥala to remove, drive away, shove alfa, esparto
away II taḥalḥala to stir from one’s place; ‫ تحليف‬taḥlīf swearing in │ ‫لجنة‬
to move, stir, budge
‫ التحليف‬lajnat at-t. the jury (in court)
‫ حلزون‬ḥalazūn snail; spiral
‫ محالفة‬muḥālafa alliance
‫ حلزونة‬ḥalazūna (n. un.) snail; spiral
‫ تحالف‬taḥāluf state of alliance;
‫ حلزونى‬ḥalazūnī spiral, helical, volute, alliance, treaty of alliance
winding
‫ محلف‬muḥallaf sworn, bound by oath;
‫ حلس‬ḥalisa a to remain, stay permanently (‫ب‬ (pl. -ūn) juror (in court)
at a place), stick (‫ ب‬to a place) ‫ متحالف‬mutaḥālif interallied, allied
‫ حلق‬ḥalaqa i (ḥalq) to shave (‫ هـ‬the head, the ‫ حلقوم‬ḥulqūm pl. ‫ حلاقم‬ḥalāqim2 throat,
face); to shave off (‫ هـ‬the beard) II to gullet │‫ راحة الحلقوم‬rāḥat al-ḥ. a kind of
circle in the air, hover; to fly, soar (bird; sweet made of cornstarch, sugar, mastic
airplane; ‫ على‬and ‫ )فوق‬over or above and pistachios (eg.)
s.th.); to round, make round, circular or ‫ حلك‬ḥalika a (ḥalak) to be pitch-black, deep-
ring-shaped (‫ هـ‬Sotho); to 201 ring, black XII ‫ احلولك‬iḥlaulaka do.
surround, encircle (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.); to
clothe V to form a circle, sit in a circle; to ‫ حلك‬ḥalak intense blackness
gather in a circle (‫ على‬around s.o.) ‫ حلكة‬ḥulka intense blackness
‫ حلق‬ḥalq shaving, shave; (pl. ‫حلوق‬ ‫ حلك‬ḥalik pitch-black, deep-black;
ḥulūq, ‫ احلق‬aḥlāq) throat, gullet, pharynx gloomy, murky
‫ حلقى‬ḥalqī guttural, pharyngeal ‫ حلوكة‬ḥulūka gloominess, darkness;
‫ حلق‬ḥalaq rings, earrings blackness

‫ حلقة‬ḥalqa, ḥalaqa pl. ‫ حلق‬ḥalaq, ‫حلقا‬ ‫ حالك‬ḥālik pitch-black, deep-black;


‫ ت‬ḥalaqāt ring (also earring, etc.); link gloomy, murky
(of a chain); circle (also of people); group ‫ حلم‬ḥalama u to dream (‫ ب‬or ‫ عن‬of; ‫فى ان‬
of students studying under a professor, of being, becoming, doing, etc., in the
hence: lecture, course (e.g., at Al Azhar future); to muse, reflect, meditate (‫ ب‬on
University); part of a sequence or series; s.th.); to attain puberty; -- ḥaluma u to be
ringlet; disk; decade; market│ ‫حلقة النجاة‬ gentle, mild-tempered VIII to attain
ḥ. an-najāh life buoy, life preserver; Jl- puberty
‫ حلقة التصال‬ḥ. al-ittiṣāl and ‫حلقة الوصل‬
‫ حلم‬ḥulm, pl. ‫ احلام‬aḥlām, dream; pl.
ḥ. al-waṣl connecting link (‫ بين‬between;
irreality, utopia
fig.); ‫ الحلقة المفقودة‬the missing link, the
intermediate form; ‫فى الحلقة السادسة‬ ‫ حلمي‬ḥulmī dream- (in compounds), of
‫‘( من عمره‬umrihī) in the sixth decade of or pertaining to dreams
his life, in his fifties; ‫ حلقة السماك‬fish ‫ حلم‬ḥulum sexual maturity, puberty │
market; ‫ حلقة القطن‬ḥ. al-quṯn cotton ‫بلغ الحلم‬to attain puberty
market
‫ حلم‬ḥilm, pl. ‫ حلوم‬ḥulūm, ‫ احلام‬aḥlām
‫ حلقي‬ḥalaqī annular, ring-shaped, gentleness, clemency, mildness;
circular forbearance, indulgence; patience; insight,
‫ حلاق‬ḥallāq pl. -ūn barber │‫حلاق صحي‬ discernment, understanding, intelligence,
(ṣiḥḥī), ‫ حلق الصحة‬ḥ. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa barber- reason │ ‫ صغار الحلام‬simpleminded
surgeon people, simple souls
‫ حليق‬ḥalīq shaved, shaven, shorn ‫ حلم‬ḥalam (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬tick; mite;
nipple, teat, mammilla (of the female
‫ حلقة‬ḥallāqa shaving, shave; barber’s breast)
trade │ ‫ صابون الحلقة‬ṣābūn al-ḥ. shaving
soap; ‫ صالون الحلقة‬barbershop; ‫قاعة‬ ‫ حلمي‬ḥalamī parasitic; mammillary,
‫ الحلقة‬qā‘at al-ḥ. do.; O ‫ ماكينة حلقة‬and nipple-shaped
O ‫ آلة حلقة‬safety razor ‫ حليم‬ḥalīm, pl. ‫ حلماء‬ḥulamā’ 2 mild,
mild-tempered, gentle; patient 202
‫ محلق‬miḥlaq pl. ‫ محالق‬maḥāliq2
straight razor ‫حلوم‬ḥālūm, ‫ حالوم‬ḥālūm a kind of
Egyptian cheese
‫ تحليق‬taḥlīq flying, flight (of all
aircraft; ‫ على‬and ‫ فوق‬over a country); ‫ حالم‬ḥālim pl. -ūn dreamer
take-off (of an airplane)
‫ محتلم‬muḥtalim sexually mature,
‫ من حالق‬min ḥāliq from above pubescent, marriageable
(‫ حلو‬and ‫ )حلى‬ḥaluwa u, ḥaliya a, ‫ حلا‬ḥalā u ( ‫ ما احيلى‬mā uḥailā oh, how sweet is ...,
‫ حلاوة‬ḥalāwa, ‫ حلوان‬ḥulwān) to be sweet; ‫ ما احيله‬oh, how sweet he is!
to be pleasant, agreeable (‫ ل‬to s.o.) │ ‫حلا‬ ‫ تحلية‬taḥliya decoration,
‫ له الشيء‬he enjoyed the thing; ‫حل له ان‬ embellishment, ornamentation
it pleased him that ..., he was delighted
that ...; ‫( حسبما يحلو له‬ḥasabamā) at his ‫ محلى‬muḥallan sweetened; decorated,
discretion, as he pleases; -- ‫ حلى‬ḥalā i to embellished, adorned, ornamented (‫ب‬
adorn, grace; -- ‫ حلى‬ḥaliya a to be with)
adorned (‫ ب‬with) II to sweeten (II s.th., 1
‫ حم‬ḥam pl. ‫ احماء‬aḥmā’ father-in-law; pl.
e.g., a beverage with sugar); to adorn, relatives of the wife by marriage, in-laws
bedeck, embellish, attire, furnish, provide of the wife
(‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ ب‬with) V to adorn o.s.,
be adorned, decked out, embellished, ‫ حماة‬ḥamāh pl. ‫ حموات‬ḥamawāt
graced, endowed, furnished, provided (‫ب‬ mother-in-law; see also 1 ‫ حمى‬and 2‫حمى‬
with) X to find sweet or pleasant, like (‫هـ‬ 2
‫ حم‬ḥuma see 2 ‫حمو‬
s.th.), be delighted (‫ هـ‬by) 3
‫ حم‬ḥamma u (ḥamm) to heat, make hot (‫هـ‬
‫ حل‬ḥalan sweetness, pleasantness s.th.); pass. ḥumma to be feverish, have a
fever │‫( حم له ذلك‬ḥumma) that was
‫ حلو‬ḥulw sweet; pleasant, nice,
decreed to him, that is his lot, his destiny
charming, delightful, pretty │‫حلو الحديث‬
II to heat, make hot (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bathe,
a gifted raconteur, amusing, entertaining;
wash (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th.) IV to heat,
‫( الغدة الحلوة‬gudda) pancreas (anat.)
make hot (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to bathe, take a bath
‫ حلي‬ḥaly pl. ‫ حلي‬ḥulīy piece of
jewelry, trinket ‫ حمة‬ḥamma hot spring

‫ حلية‬ḥilya pl. ‫ حلى‬ḥilan, ḥulan ‫ حمة‬ḥumma blackness, swarthiness,


decoration, embellishment, finery; dark coloration; fever
ornament ‫ حمم‬ḥumam (n. un. ‫ )ة‬charcoal;
‫ حلوى‬ḥalwa pl. ‫ حلوى‬ḥalāwa candy, anything charred or carbonized; ashes,
confection, confectionery, sweetmeats cinder; lava

‫ حلواء‬fi.alwa'2 candy, confection, con· ‫ حمى‬ḥumma f., pl. ‫ حميات‬ḥummayāt


fever, fever heat │‫ الحمى التيفودية‬and
fectionery, sweetmeats ‫( الحمى التيفية‬tīfīya) typhoid fever,
‫ حلويات‬ḥalwayāt (and eg. ḥalawīyāt) typhus fever; ‫ حمى الدق‬ḥ. d-diqq hectic
sweets (in general); sweet pastry; candies, fever; ‫ حمى الربع‬ḥ. r-rib‘ quartan fever; ‫ال‬
confectionery, sweetmeats ‫ حمى الراجعة‬relapsing fever; ‫الحمى‬
‫ الصفراء‬or ‫( الحمى الصفراوية‬ṣafrā’,
‫ حلوة‬ḥalāwa sweetness; candies,
confectionery, sweetmeats; grace, ṣafrāwīya) yellow fever; ‫ حمى الغب‬ḥ. l-
gracefulness, charm, refinement, gibb tertian fever; ‫الحمى الفحمية‬
wittiness, wit; present of money; ransom (faḥmīya) anthrax; ‫الحمى القرمزية‬
│ ‫( حلوة حمصية‬ḥummuṣīya) a sweet (qirmizīya) scarlet fever; ‫ حمى القش‬ḥ. l-
made of roasted chick-peas; ‫حلوة طحينية‬ qašš hayfever; ‫( الحمى القلعية‬qulā‘īya)
(ṭahīnīya) a sweet made of sesame-seed foot-and-mouth disease; ‫الحمى المخية‬
meal; ‫( حلوة لوزية‬lauzīya) a sweet made ‫( الشوكية‬mukkīya, šaukīya) cerebrospinal
of almonds meningitis; ‫الحمى المتموجة‬
(mutamawwija) undulant fever, Malta
‫ حلوان‬ḥulwān present of money,
fever, brucellosis; ‫الحمى النفاسية‬
gratuity, tip
(nifāsīya) puerperal fever, childbed fever;
‫ حلواني‬ḥalwānī and ‫ حلوائي‬ḥalwā’ī O ‫( الحمى النمشية‬namašīya) spotted
confectioner, candy dealer; pastry cook, fever
fancy baker
‫ حمي‬ḥummī feverish, febrile, fever- (in ‫ الشريعة الحمدية‬aš-šarī‘a al-
compounds) aḥmadīya Mohammedan Law
‫ حمام‬ḥamām (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt, ‫حم‬ ‫ محمدة‬maḥmada pl. ‫ محامد‬maḥāmid2
‫ ائم‬ḥamā’im2 dove, pigeon │‫حمام الزاجل‬ commendable act; pl. ‫ محامد‬praises,
carrier pigeon; ‫ ساق الحمام‬bugloss, encomiums
oxtongue (Anchusa officinalis; bot.) ‫ محمود‬maḥmūd praised; commendable,
‫ حمام‬ḥimām (fate of) death laudable, praiseworthy
‫ حمام‬ḥammām pl. -āt bath; swimming ‫ محمد‬muḥammad praised;
pool; spa, watering place │‫ حمام شمس‬ḥ. commendable, laudable
šams sunbath; ‫( حمامات بحرية‬baḥrīya) ‫ محمدي‬muḥammadī pertaining or
seaside resorts attributable to Mohammed
‫ حميم‬ḥamīm pl. ‫ احماء‬aḥimmā’2 close ‫ حمدل‬ḥamdala to pronounce the formula
friend; close, intimate; -- hot water ‫" الحمد لله‬Praise be to God!”
‫ احم‬aḥamm2, f. ‫ حماء‬ḥammā’2, pl. ‫حم‬ ‫ حمدلة‬ḥamdala the formula ‫الحمد لله‬
ḥumm black (see above)
‫ محم‬miḥamm hot-water kettle, caldron, ‫ حمر‬II to redden, color or dye red (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
boiler roast (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fry (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to brown (
‫ استحمام‬istiḥmām bathing, bath ‫ هـ‬flour in preparing a roux) IX to turn
red, take on a reddish color, redden, blush
‫ محموم‬maḥmūm feverish, having a
204
fever; frantic, hectic
‫ حمر‬ḥumar asphalt
1
‫ حمأ‬ḥama’a a to clean out, dredge (‫ هـ‬a well)
‫ حمري‬ḥumarī asphaltic, asphalt, tar,
‫ حمأ‬ḥama’, ‫ حمأة‬ḥam’a mud, mire, sludge
tarry
2
‫ حمئ‬ḥami’a to be or become angry, furious,
‫ حمرة‬ḥumra redness, red color(ation),
mad (‫ على‬at s.o.) red; rouge (cosm.); brick dust, brick
‫ حمحم‬ḥamḥama (‫ حمحمة‬ḥamḥama) to neigh, rubble; erysipelas, St. Anthony's fire
whinny (horse) (med.)
‫ حمحمة‬ḥamḥama neigh(ing), ‫ حمار‬ḥimār pl. ‫ حمير‬ḥamīr, ‫حمر‬
whinnying, whinnies ḥumur, ‫ احمرة‬aḥmira donkey, ass │ ‫حمار‬
‫ الوحش‬ḥ. al-waḥš and ‫حمار وحشي‬
‫ حمحم‬ḥimḥim oxtongue, bugloss
(Anchusa officinalis; bot.) (waḥšī) wild ass, onager; ‫سم الحمار‬
samm al-ḥ. oleander (Nerium oleander;
‫ حمد‬ḥamida a (ḥamd) to praise, commend, bot.)
laud, extol (‫ على ه‬s.o. for, ‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to
‫ حمارة‬ḥimāra pl. ‫ حمائر‬ḥamā’ir2 she-
praise highly (‫ ه‬s.o.)
ass, female donkey
‫ حمد‬ḥamd commendation, praise,
‫ حمور‬ḥumūr red, red color(ation),
laudation │‫ الحمد لله‬al-ḥamdu lillāh redness
thank God! praise be to God! praised be
the Lord! ‫ حميرة‬ḥumaira redstart (zool.)
‫ حميد‬ḥamīd praiseworthy, laudable, ‫ حمار‬ḥammār pl. ‫ ة‬donkey driver
commendable; benign, harmless (disease) ‫ احمر‬aḥmar2, f. ‫ حمراء‬ḥamrā’2, pl.
‫ حمود‬ḥamūd praiseworthy, laudable, ‫ حمر‬ḥumr red, red-colored, ruddy; rosy,
commendable, praised pink │‫ دون الحمر‬,‫ تحت الحمر‬infrared;
‫ احمد‬aḥmad2 more laudable, more ‫ البحر الحمر‬the Red Sea; ‫الصليب الحمر‬
commendable the Red Cross; ‫( الموت الحمر‬maut)
violent death; ‫( الهوى الحمر‬hawā) sexual 2
‫ حمص‬Mm,' Homs (the ancient Emesa, city in
intercourse; ‫“( الحمران‬the two red ones”, oentral Syria)
i.e.) wine and meat; ‫“( السود والحمر‬the ‫ حمض‬ḥamuḍa u (‫ حموضة‬ḥumūḍa) to be or
black and the red”, i.e.) all mankind; ‫احمر‬ become sour II to make sour, sour, acidify,
‫ الشفاه‬lipstick acidulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to develop (‫ هـ‬a
‫ حمراء‬ḥamrā’2 smut, rust (disease photographic plate, a film; phot.); to cause
affecting cereals); ‫ الحمراء‬Alhambra, the (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to oxidize
Citadel of Granada ‫ حمض‬ḥamaḍa pl. ‫ احماض‬aḥmāḍ acid
‫ يحمور‬yaḥmūr red; deer, roe, roebuck; (chem.) │‫( حمض بولي‬baulī) uric acid
wild ass; hemoglobin (physiol.) ‫ شجر حمضي‬šajar ḥamḍī citrus trees
‫ احمرار‬iḥmirār reddening, blush(ing), ‫ حمضية‬ḥamḍīya pl. -āt citrus fruit 205
redness, red coloration; erythema (med.)
‫ حموضة‬hummūḍa sourness, acidity │
‫ محمر‬muḥammar roasted │ ‫بطاطس‬ ‫ مولد الحموضة‬muwallid al-ḥ. oxygen
‫( محمرة‬baṭāṭis) fried potatoes (chem.)
‫ حمز‬ḥamaza i (ḥamz) to bite, or burn, the ‫ حماض‬ḥammāḍ, ‫ حميض‬ḥummaiḍ
tongue (taste) sorrel (bot.)
‫ حمس‬ḥamisa a to work with zeal, be zealous, ‫ تحميض‬taḥmīḍ souring, acidification;
eager, ardent, be or become enthusiastic, development (phot.)
get all worked up, get excited, be filled
with fanatic enthusiasm V = I; to be ‫ احماض‬iḥmāḍ jocular language, joking
overzealous or over-enthusiastic (‫ في‬in remark
s.th.); to advocate fervently (‫ ل‬s.th.), ‫ حامض‬sour, acid; acidulous; (pl.
throw o.s. wholeheartedly behind s.th. (‫)ل‬ ‫ حوامض‬ḥawāmiḍ) acid (chem.) │ ‫حامض‬
‫ حمس‬ḥamis and ‫ احمس‬aḥmas2 ‫ الفحم‬ḥ. al-faḥm carbonic acid: ‫حامض‬
unflinching, staunch, steadfast, ardent, ‫( كبريتي‬kibrītī) sulphuric acid
eager, zealous, stout, hearty; fiery, ‫ حمق‬ḥamiqa a and ḥamuqa u (ḥumq, ‫حماقة‬
enthusiastic, full of enthusiasm ḥamāqa) to be stupid, silly, foolish,
‫ حماس‬ḥamās, and ‫ حماسة‬ḥamāsa fatuous; to become angry or furious II and
enthusiasm, fire, ardor, fervor, zeal, IV to regard (‫ ه‬s.o.) as a fool, consider (‫ه‬
fanaticism s.o.) dumb, stupid, idiotic n pretend to be
stupid VII to become angry or furious X
‫ حماسي‬ḥamāsī enthusiastic, ardent,
to consider (‫ ه‬s.o.) dumb, stupid, idiotic
fiery, zealous, fanatic; stirring, rousing,
thrilling, electrifying ‫ حمق‬ḥumq stupidity, silliness,
foolishness, folly
‫ تحمس‬taḥammus unflinching zeal,
enthusiasm (‫ ل‬for), fanaticism ‫ حماقة‬ḥamāqa stupidity, silliness,
foolishness, folly; anger, wrath ‫حماق‬
‫ متحمس‬mutaḥammis enthusiastic,
ḥumāq, ḥamāq smallpox, variola (med.)
ardent, fiery, zealous, fanatic; an ardent
follower, a fanatic adherent, a fanatic ‫ حمق‬aḥmaq2, f. ‫ حمقاء‬ḥamqā’2, pl.
‫ حمق‬ḥum(u)q, ‫ حمقى‬ḥamqā, ‫حماقى‬
‫ حمش‬ḥamaša u to excite, irritate, infuriate,
ḥamāqā dumb, stupid, silly, foolish,
enrage (‫ ه‬s.o.)
fatuous; fool, simpleton, imbecile
‫ حمشة‬ḥamša catgut (med.)
‫ حمق‬ḥamqān dumb, stupid, silly,
1
‫ حمص‬II to roast; to fry, broil (A s.th.) foolish; angry, furious
‫ حمص‬ḥimmiṣ, ḥimmmaṣ; (colloq.) ‫ حمل‬ḥamala i (ḥaml) to carry, bear (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
ḥummuṣ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬chick-pea to lift, pick up (‫ هـ‬s.th. in order to carry it),
load up and take along (‫ هـ‬s.th.): to hold ( feet, rise with great effort │ ‫تحامل على‬
‫ هـ‬s.th., in one’s hand); to carry on or with ‫( نفسه‬nafsihi) to brace o.s.; to pull o.s.
one. take or bring along (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to together, take heart, pluck up courage VIII
transport, carry, convey (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bring, to carry, bring (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to carry away,
take (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to take take away, haul off, lug off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
upon o.s. (‫ عن‬instead of or for s.o., ‫ هـ‬a suffer, undergo, bear, stand, endure,
burden), carry, assume (‫ هـ‬the burden, ‫عن‬ sustain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to allow, permit, suffer,
of s.o. else), relieve (‫ هـ عن‬s.o. from tolerate, brook, stomach (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
s.th.), take (‫ هـ‬a burden, a grievance, etc.) acquiesce (‫ هـ‬in), put up, bear (‫ هـ‬with
from s.o. (‫ ;)عن‬to extend, show, evince, s.th.); to hold (‫ هـ‬s.th.), have capacity (‫هـ‬
cherish, ha.rbor (‫ هـ‬a feeling, ‫ ل‬toward for); to imply that s.th. (‫ )هـ‬is possible,
s.o.); to become or be pregnant (‫ من‬by permissible, or conceivable; ‫يحتمل‬
s.o.): to bear fruit (tree); to induce, cause, yaḥtamilu and (pass.) yuḥtamalu (it is)
prompt, get (‫ على ه‬s.o. to do s.th.), make bearable, tolerable; (it is) conceivable,
s.o. (‫ )ه‬do s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to convert, bring possible, probable, likely
around, win over (‫ على رأيه ه‬s.o. to one’s ‫ حمل‬ḥaml carrying, bearing;
opinion), convince (‫ على رأيه ه‬s.o. of inducement, prompting, encouragement
one’s opinion); to attack (‫ على‬s.o.), also (of s.o., ‫ على‬to); delivery; transport,
‫( حمل حملة على‬ḥamlatan) to launch or transportation, conveyance; portage,
make an attack on; to know by beart (‫ هـ‬a carrying charges; -- (pl. ‫ احمال‬aḥmāl,
book); to relate, refer (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to). ‫ حمال‬ḥimāl) foetus; pregnancy │ ‫عدم‬
bring (‫ هـ‬s. th.) to bear (‫ على‬upon s.th.), ‫‘ الحمل‬adam al-ḥ. sterility (of a woman)
link, correlate, bring into relation (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
‫ حمل‬ḥiml, ḥaml pl. ‫ احمال‬aḥmāl cargo,
‫ على‬with); to trace, trace back (‫على هـ‬
load, burden │‫ حمل حي‬ḥaml ḥayy pay
s.th. to); to ascribe, attribute, impute ( ‫على‬
load, commercial load, live load; ‫حمل‬
‫ هـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to make (‫ هـ‬a word) agree
‫ ميت‬mayyit) dead load; dead weight
grammatically (‫ على‬with another) │ ‫حمل‬
(arch.); ‫( حمل موازن‬muwāzin)
‫في نفسه‬to feel annoyed, be in a counterpoise, counterweight
melancholy mood, feel blue; ‫حمل على‬
‫ نفسه‬to pull o.s. together, brace o.s.; ‫حمله‬ ‫ حمل‬ḥamal pl. ‫ حملان‬ḥumlān, ‫احمال‬
‫( على محمل‬maḥmali) to take s.th. to aḥmāl lamb; (unconsecrated) Host
mean …, interpret or construe s.th. in the (Chr.Copt.); Aries, Ram (astron.)
sense of …, as if it were ...; ‫حمله على غير‬ ‫ حملة‬ḥamla pl. ḥamalāt attack (‫على‬
‫ محمل‬to misinterpret, misconstrue s.th.; on); offensive; campaign; military
‫( حمله محمل الجد‬maḥmala l-jidd) to take expedition; expeditionary force │ ‫حملة‬
s.th. seriously, take s.th. at face value II to ‫( تأديبية‬ta’dībīya) punitive expedition; m
have or make (‫ ه‬s.o.) carry or bear (‫هـ‬ ‫( حملة صحافيي‬ṣiḥāfīya) press campaign;
s.th.), load, burden, charge, task (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o. ‫( حملة استكشافية‬istikšāfīya)
or s.th. ‫ هـ‬with), impose (‫ هـ ه‬on s.o. s.th.) reconnaissance raid (mil.); ‫حملة ميكانيكية‬
V to hear, assume, take upon o.s. (‫ هـ‬s.th., motorized detachment (mil.); ‫حملة‬
e.g., ‫ النفقات‬an-nafaqāt the expenses, ‫( انتخابية‬intikābīya) election campaign
‫ المسؤولية‬al-mas’ūlīya the
‫ حملي‬ḥamalī pl. -īya ambulant water
responsibility); to bear up (‫ هـ‬under), bear,
vendor
stand, sustain, endure, tolerate, stomach (
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to undergo, suffer (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be ‫ حميل‬ḥamīl foundling; guarantor,
able to stand (‫ ه‬s.o.) or put up (‫ ه‬with warrantor
s.o.); to set out, get on one’s way; to ‫ حميلة على‬ḥamīla ‘alā a burden to,
depart VI to maltreat, treat unjustly (‫على‬ completely dependent upon
s.o.), be prejudiced, be biased, take sides (
‫ على‬against s.o.); to struggle to 206 one’s ‫ حمول‬ḥamūl long-suffering; gentle,
mild-tempered
‫ حمال‬ḥamnāl pl. -ūn, ‫ ة‬porter, carrier carrier current (el.), ‫موجات حاملة‬
(maujāt) carrier waves (el.)
‫ حمالة‬ḥimāla work and trade of a
porter or carrier ‫ حاملة‬ḥāmila pl. -āt device for
carrying, carrier │ ‫حاملة خريطة‬map case;
‫ حمالة‬ḥammāla (carrier) beam, girder,
support, base, post, pier, pillar; suspenders ‫ حاملة طائرات‬ḥ. ṭā’irāt aircraft carrier
│‫( حمالة الصدر‬ṣadr) brassiere ‫ محمول‬maḥmūl carried, borne,
bearable, tolerable; load weight, service
‫ حمولة‬ḥumūla pl. -āt load capacity,
weight, cargo; tonnage (of a vessel);
load limit, capacity; tonnage (of a vessel);
portage, freightage, transport charges; (pl. predicate, attribute (logic), ‫محمول عليه‬
‫ حمائل‬ḥamā’il2) family (Ir.) subject (logic) │‫( مشاة محمولة‬mušāh)
motorized infantry (mil.); ‫جنود محمولون‬
‫ محمل‬maḥmal see ‫ حمل‬ḥamala; also ‫ جوا‬airborne troops (mil.)
‫( أخذ شيئا على محمل الجد‬m. il-jidd) to
take s.th. seriously ‫ محمل‬muḥammal loaded, laden,
heavily charged, burdened (‫ ب‬with),
‫ محمل‬maḥmil (colloq. maḥmal) pl. ‫محا‬ encumbered (‫ ب‬by)
‫ مل‬maḥāmil2 camel-borne litter; mahmal,
a richly decorated litter sent by Islamic ‫ محتمل‬muḥtamal bearable, tolerable;
rulers to Mecca as an emblem of their probable, likely
independence, at the time of the hadj ‫ حملق‬ḥamlaqa (‫ حملقة‬ḥamlaqa) to stare,
‫ تحميل‬taḥmīl burdening; encumbrance; gaze (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬at)
imposition; loading, shipping, shipment ‫ حملايا‬ḥimalāyā Himalaya
‫ تحميلة‬taḥmīla pl. ‫ تحامل‬taḥāmil 2
1
‫ حمو‬ḥamū (construct state of ‫ حم‬ḥam) and
suppository (med.) ‫ حماة‬ḥamāh see 1 ‫حم‬
‫ تحمل‬taḥammul taking over, 2
‫ )حمو‬and ‫ حمى( حمي‬ḥamiya a to be or
assumption (of burdens); bearing, become hot; to glow (metal); to flare up; to fly
standing, sufferance, endurance;
into a rage, become furious (‫ على‬at) │ ‫حمى‬
durability; strength,hardiness, sturdiness,
‫الوطيس‬fierce fighting broke out II to make
solidity (of a material)
hot, heat (‫ هـ‬s.th.), to heat to glowing (‫هـ‬
‫ تحامل‬taḥāmul prejudice, bias, metal); to fire up (‫ هـ‬a stove); to kindle,
partiality; intolerance inflame, stir up, excite (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bathe (= 3
‫ احتمال‬iḥtimāl bearing, standing, ‫ حم‬II) IV to make hot, heat (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
suffering, sufferance, toleration; ‫ حمو‬ḥamw heat │‫ حمو النيل‬ḥ. an-nīl
probability, likelihood, potentiality │ prickly heat, heat rash, lichen tropicus
‫( صعب الحتمال‬ṣa‘b) hard to bear, (eg.)
oppressive
‫ حمو‬ḥumūw heat
‫ حامل‬ḥāmil pl. ‫ حملة‬ḥamala porter,
carrier; bearer (of a note, of a check, etc.; ‫ حمة‬ḥuma pl. -āt, ‫ حمى‬ḥuman sting,
of an order or decoration); holder (of an stinger (of insects); prick, spine (of plants)
identification paper, of a diploma, of a 207 ‫ حمي‬ḥamīy hot, glowing; heated,
certificate); holding device, holder, clamp, exited
fastener, hold, support (tech.); fighter (
‫ على‬against), (pl. ‫ حوامل‬ḥawāmil2) ‫ حمى‬ḥummā see 3 ‫حم‬
pregnant │‫ حامل البريد‬courier, ‫حملة‬ ‫ حمية‬ḥamīya zeal, ardor, fervor;
‫ السهم‬ḥ. al-ashum shareholders; ‫حملة‬ enthusiasm, ardent zeal, fanaticism;
‫ القلم‬the publicists, the writers; ‫حامل‬ violence, vehemence; passion, rage, fury;
‫ كلم الله‬ḥ. kalām allāh one who knows heat of excitement; temper, temperament
the Koran by heart; ‫( تيار حامل‬tayyār) │ ‫(الحمية القومية‬qaumīya) chauvinism
‫ حميا‬ḥumayyā heat; excitement, ‫ محمية‬maḥmīya pl. -āt protectorate
agitation; enthusiasm; fire, passion, (country; pol.)
impetuosity, vehemence; fury, rage; wine
‫ محام‬muḥāmin pl. ‫ محاميون‬muḥāmūn
‫ حماوة‬ḥamāwa heat defense counsel, counselor-at-law, lawyer,
barrister, attorney (at law), advocate
‫ محمى‬maḥman fire chamber, furnace
(of a stove, oven, etc.) ‫ محامية‬muḥāmiya woman lawyer
‫ حام‬ḥāmin hot; heated, violent, fierce ‫ محتم‬muḥtamin one who seeks
(e.g., a battle); glowing, passionate, fiery; protection; protégé; being under a
burning protectorate, having the status of a
protectorate
1
‫ حمى‬ḥamā i (ḥamy, ‫ حماية‬ḥimāya) to
defend, guard (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫من‬ 2
‫ حماه‬,‫ حماة‬ḥamāh Hama (city in W Syria)
against), protect, shelter, shield (‫ ه‬,‫من هـ‬ ‫ حن‬ḥanna i (‫ حنين‬ḥanīn) to long, yearn,
s.o., s.th. from); to deny (‫ المريض‬the hanker (‫ الى‬for), crave (‫ الى‬s.th.); -- (‫حنة‬
patient) harmful food (‫ = ;هـ‬to put him on ḥanna, ‫ حنان‬ḥanān) to feel tenderness,
diet); to forbid (‫ ان ه‬s.o. to do s.th.) III to affection, sympathy (‫ على‬for s.o.); to
defend (‫ من‬s.o. or s.th., also, of a lawyer sympathize, commiserate (‫ على‬with), feel
in court); to shield, protect, support (‫عن‬ compassion (‫ على‬for); to pity (‫ على‬s.o.),
s.o. or s.th.), take up the cause of (‫)عن‬, have mercy (‫ على‬on) II to move, touch,
stand up for (‫ )عن‬VI to keep away (‫هـ‬ fill with tenderness, soften, fill with
from), shun, avoid (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII to protect compassion (‫ قلبه‬qalbahū s.o.’s heart); to
o.s. (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬from s.th., from s.o.), defend blossom, flower, be in bloom (tree) V to
o.s., cover o.s. (‫ ب‬with s.th.), seek feel sympathy, feel pity, feel compassion (
protection, seek shelter or refuge (‫ ب‬with ‫ على‬for s.o.), commiserate (‫ على‬with
s.o., also ‫ عند; من‬from) s.o.); to be tender, affectionate
‫ حمى‬ḥiman protection; defense; ‫ حنة‬ḥanna sympathy; commiseration,
sanctuary compassion, pity; favorable aspect,
‫ حمية‬ḥimya that which is defended; advantage
diet 208 ‫ حنان‬ḥanān sympathy, love, affection,
‫ حماية‬ḥimāya pl. -āt protection, tenderness; commiseration, compassion,
patronage, sponsorship, auspices; pity; ‫ حنانيك‬ḥanānaika have pity! have
protectorate (pol.) mercy!

‫ محاماة‬muḥāmāh defense (jur.); legal ‫ حنانة‬ḥanāna compassion, pity,


profession, practicing of law │ ‫هيأة‬ commiseration
‫ المحاماة‬ḥai’at al-m. the bar ‫ حنين‬ḥanīn longing, yearning,
hankering, nostalgia, craving, desire
‫ احتماء‬iḥtimā’ seeking cover, seeking
protection; cover, shelter, protection ‫ حنون‬ḥanūn affectionate, loving, soft-
hearted, tenderhearted, compassionate,
‫ حام‬ḥāmin pl. ‫ حماة‬ḥumāh protector,
merciful; tender, soft, gentle, kind,
defender, guardian; patron │ ‫الدولة‬
moving, touching (voice)
‫( الحامية‬daula) protecting power (of a
protectorate) ‫ حنان‬ḥannān affectionate, loving,
tender; compassionate, sympathetic
‫ حامية‬ḥāmiya pl. -āt patroness,
protectress; garrison (mil.) ‫ تحنان‬tiḥnān attachment, devotion,
loyalty
‫ محمي‬maḥmīy protected (‫ ب‬by); being
under a protectorate, having the status of a ‫ تحنن‬taḥannun tenderness, affection,
protectorate │‫( منطقة محمية‬minṭaqa) sympathy
protectorate (country) ‫ حنأ‬II to dye red (‫ هـ‬s.th., with henna)
‫ حناء‬ḥinnā’ henna (a reddish-orange professes the true religion; true (religion)
cosmetic gained from leaves and stalks of │‫( الدين الحنيف‬din) the True (i.e.,
the henna plant) │‫ ابو الحناء‬abū l-ḥ. robin Islamic) Religion, also ‫الحنيفة السمحاء‬
(redbreast); ‫( تمر الحناء‬colloq. tamr el- (samḥā’)
ḥinna) henna plant (Lawsonia inermis; ‫ حنفي‬ḥanafī pagan, heathen, idolater
bot.)
(Chr.); Hanafitic (see ‫( ;)حنيفة‬pl. -ūn)
‫ حانبة‬look up alphabetically Hanafi
‫ حنبلي‬ḥanbalī Hanbalitic, of or pertaining to ‫ حنفية‬ḥanafīya paganism, heathendom
the madhab of Aḥmad ibn ḥanbal; (Chr.); Hanafitic madhab (an orthodox
puritanical, strict in religious matters; (pl. school of theology founded by Abu
‫ حنابلة‬ḥanābila) Hanbalite Hanifah); -- (pl. -āt) faucet, tap; hydrant
‫ حانوتي‬,‫ حانوت‬see ‫حنو‬ ‫ الحنيفية‬al-ḥanīfīya the True (i.e.,
Islamic) Religion
‫ حنث‬ḥanita a (ḥint) with ‫ في يمينه‬or ‫بيمينه‬: to
break one’s oath V to practice piety, ‫ احنف‬aḥnaf2 afflicted with a distortion
perform works of devotion; to seek of the foot
religious purification; to scorn sin, not ‫ حنق‬ḥaniqa a (ḥanaq) to be furious, mad,
yield to sin angry; to be annoyed, exasperated,
‫ حنث‬ḥint pl. ‫ احناث‬aḥnāt perjury; sin 209 peeved, irritated (‫ على‬or ‫ من‬at, by), be
resentful (‫ على‬or ‫ من‬of) IV to infuriate,
‫ حنجرة‬ḥanjara pl. ‫ حناجر‬ḥanājir2 larynx,
throat enrage, embitter, exasperate, irritate (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ حنجور‬ḥunjūr pl. ‫ حناجير‬ḥanājīr 2
larynx, throat ‫ حنق‬ḥanaq fury, rage, ire, wrath, anger,
exasperation, resentment, rancor
‫ حنجل‬ḥanjala to prance (horse); to caper,
gambol II taḥanjala to dance, caper, ‫ حنق‬ḥaniq furious, mad, angry;
gambol, frisk resentful, bitter, embittered, annoyed,
exasperated, peeved
‫ حندس‬ḥindis pl. ‫ حنادس‬ḥanādis2 dark night
‫ حانق‬ḥāniq furious, mad, angry;
‫ حندقوق‬ḥandaqūq (bot.) melilot, (yellow) resentful, bitter, embittered, annoyed,
sweet clover (Melilotus) exasperated, peeved │‫حانق على الحياة‬
‫ حنش‬ḥanaš pl. ‫ احناش‬aḥnāš snake (ḥayāh) weary of life, dispirited, dejected;
‫( حانق على النساء‬nisā’) misogynist
‫ حنط‬II to embalm (‫ ه‬a corpse); to stuff (‫ هـ‬a
carcass) ‫ محنق‬muḥannaq infuriated, enraged;
embittered, bitter, angry, exasperated,
‫ حنطة‬ḥinṭa wheat resentful
‫حناطة‬ḥināṭa embalming ‫ حنك‬ḥanaka i u, II and IV to sophisticate,
‫ تحنط‬taḥannuṭ mummification make experienced or worldly-wise
through severe trials (said of fate, time,
‫ محنط‬muḥannaṭ mummified age)
‫‘ عربة الحنطور‬arabat al-ḥanṭūr, victoria, light ‫ حنك‬ḥanak pl. ‫ احناك‬aḥnāk palate
carriage. designed for two passengers
‫ حنكي‬ḥanakī palatal
‫ حنظل‬ḥanẓal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬colocynth
(Citrullue colocynthis; bot.) ‫ حنك‬ḥunk, ḥink and ‫ حنكة‬ḥunka
worldly experience, worldly wisdom
‫ حنف‬ḥanafa i to turn or bend sideways gained through experience, sophistication
‫ حنيف‬ḥanīf pl. ‫ حنفاء‬ḥunafā’2 true ‫ محنك‬muḥannak experienced, worldly wise,
believer, orthodox; one who scorns the sophisticated │‫( محنك مبنك‬mubannak)
false creeds surrounding him and shrewd, smart, sharp
(‫ حنو‬and ‫ حنا )حنى‬ḥanā u and ‫ حنى‬ḥanā i to ‫ الحواني‬al-ḥawānī the longest ribs;
bend, curve, twist, turn; to lean, incline ( (fig.) breast, bosom │‫ بملء حوانيهم‬bi-
‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬toward s.o.); to feel for s.o. ( mil’i ḥ. (they shouted) at the top of their
‫)على‬, sympathize (‫ على‬with s.o.), lungs, with all their might
commiserate, pity (‫ على‬s.o.), feel ‫ محنى‬maḥnīy bowed, inclined (head);
compassion, feel pity (‫ على‬for s.o.); to bent, curved, crooked
bend, bow, flex, curve, crook (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV
to bend, bow, tilt, incline (‫ هـ‬s.th.; e.g., ‫ منحن‬munḥanin bent, curved, crooked,
‫ رأسه‬ra’sahū one’s head); to sympathize ( twisted; inclined, bowed
210 ‫ على‬with s.o.), feel compassion, feel ‫ منحنى‬munḥanan pl. ‫منحنيات‬
pity (‫ على‬for s.o.), commiserate, pity ( munḥanayāt bend, flexure, deflection,
‫ على‬s.o.) VII to bend, curve, twist, turn; curvature; turn, twist, break, angle; curve
to be winding, be tortuous, wind, meander (of a road, end math.); slope
(e.g., a road); to turn, deviate, digress (‫عن‬ ‫ حانوت‬ḥānūt pl. ‫ حوانيت‬ḥawānīt2 store, shop;
from); to bow (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to lean, incline ( wineshop, tavern
‫ على‬or ‫ ;فوق‬over s.th., ‫ الى‬toward s.o.,
toward s.th.); to devote o.s. eagerly (‫على‬ ‫ حانوتي‬ḥānūtī pl. -īya (eg.) corpse
to s.th.); to contain, harbor (‫ على‬s.th.) │ washer; undertaker, mortician,
gravedigger
‫( ان ضلوعي ل تنحني على ضغن‬ḍulū‘ī,
ḍign) I harbor no grudge, I feel no ‫ حواء‬ḥawwā’2 Eve
resentment
‫ حوب‬V to abstain from sin; to lead ‫ ش‬pious
‫ حنو‬ḥanw bending, deflection, flexing, life; to refrain, abstain (‫ من‬from s.th.)
flexure, curving, curvature, twisting,
turning ‫ حوبة‬ḥauba sin, offense, misdeed,
outrage
‫ حنو‬ḥinw pl. ‫ احناء‬aḥnā’ bend, bow,
turn, twist, curved line, curve, contour; pl. ‫ حوباء‬ḥaubā’2 soul
ribs │‫ بين احنائها‬in her bosom ‫ حوت‬pl. ‫ حيتان‬ḥītān, ‫ احوات‬aḥwāt fish;
‫ حنو‬ḥunuw sympathy, compassion, whale; Pisces, Fishes (astron.) │ ‫حوت‬
tenderness, affection ‫ سليمان‬ḥ. sulaimān salmon

‫ حني‬ḥanīy bending, deflection, flexing, ‫ حوج‬IV aḥwaja to have need, stand in need,
flexure, curving, ourvature, twisting, be in went (‫ الى‬of s.th.), need, require,
turning went (‫ الى‬s.th.); to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) in need of (
‫)الى‬, make necessary (‫ الى ه‬for s.o. s.th.),
‫ حنية‬ḥanya bend, turn, curve require (‫ الى ه‬of s.o. s.th.), compel, oblige
‫ حنية‬ḥanīya pl. ‫ حنايا‬ḥanāyā arc; (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to); to impoverish, reduce to
camber, curvature │‫ في حنايا صدره‬in his poverty (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫ما احوجه الى‬
bosom; ‫ في حنايا نفسه‬in his heart, deep (aḥwajahū) how much he .tends in need of
inside him ...! how urgently he needs ...! VIII to have
need, stand in need, be in went (‫ الى‬of;
‫ حناية‬ḥināya curving, curvature,
also ‫)ل‬, need, want, require (‫ الى‬s.th. s.o.)
twisting, turning, bending
‫ حوج‬ḥauj need, want, lack, deficiency,
‫ حانوت‬see below
destitution
‫ محنى‬maḥnan pl. ‫ محان‬maḥānin
‫ حاجة‬ḥāja pl. -āt need (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب‬of);
curvature, bend, flexure, bow, turn, curve
necessity, requirement, prerequisite;
‫ انحناء‬inḥinā’ bend, deflection, natural, bodily need; pressing need,
curvature; curve; arc; inclination, tilt; how, neediness, poverty, indigence, destitution;
curtsy object of need or desire; desire, wish,
request; necessary article, requisite;
‫ انحناءة‬inḥinā’a (n. vic.) bow, curtsy
matter, concern, business, job, work;
thing, object; -- pl. ‫ حوائج‬ḥawā’ij2 needs ‫ حوذية‬ḥūdīya coachman’s work or
211 necessities, necessaries; everyday trade
objects, effects, belongings, possessions,
(‫ حار )حور‬ḥāra u to return (‫ الى‬to); to recede,
stuff; clothes, clothing │‫كان في حاجة الى‬
decrease, diminish, be reduced (‫ الى‬to) II
(‫ )ل‬to stand in need, be in want of (s.th.), to change, alter, amend, transform,
need, require (s.th.); (‫ل حاجة الى )ل‬ reorganize, remodel, modify (‫ هـ‬or ‫من‬
(ḥājata) … is not necessary, not required,
s.th.); to roll out (‫ هـ‬dough); to make
there is no need of ...; ‫ ل حاجة لي به‬I
white, whiten (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bleach (‫ هـ‬a
don’t need it; ‫ عند الحاجة‬if (or when) fabric) III to talk, convene, have a
necessary, if need be, in case of need; ‫في‬ conversation (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to discuss,
‫( غير حاجة‬gairi ḥājatin) unnecessarily; ‫ما‬ debate, argue IV (with ‫ جوابا‬jawāban) to
‫ به الحاجة‬the essentials; ‫محل الحاجة‬ answer, reply (with negations only) V to
maḥall al-ḥ. the essential passage, the gist, be altered, changed, amended,
the substance, the crux, the interesting part transformed, reorganized, remodeled,
(of an exposition); ‫ سد حاجته‬sadda modified VI to carry on & discussion
ḥājatahū to meet s.o.’s needs, provide for
s.o.’s needs; ‫ قضى حاجته‬qaḍā ḥājatahū to ‫ حور‬ḥawar white poplar (also
fulfill s.o.’s wish; ‫ قضى الحاجة‬to relieve pronounced ḥaur); bark-tanned sheepskin,
nature basil; marked contrast between the white
of the cornea and the black of the iris
‫ حاجيات‬ḥājīyyāt everyday
commodities, utensils, utilities, ‫ حارة‬hāra pl. -āt quarter, part, section
necessaries, necessities (of & city); (Tun.) ghetto; lane, alley, side
street (with occasional pl. ‫ حواري‬ḥawārī
‫ احوج‬in greater need (‫ الى‬of s.th.); │‫ حارة السد‬ḥ. as-sadd blind alley, dead-
more necessary end street
‫ احتياج‬iḥtiyāj want, need, requirement, ‫ احوار‬aḥwār2, f. ‫ حوراء‬ḥaurā’2, pl. ‫حور‬
(pre)requisite, necessity; pl. -āt needs, ḥūr having eyes with a marked contrast of
necessities, necessaries white and black, (also, said of the eye:)
‫ محاويج‬maḥāwīj2 (pl. of ‫ محوج‬muḥwij) intensely white and deep-black
needy, poor, destitute people ‫ حوارة‬ḥawāra (ḥawarāt) cretaceous
‫ محتاج‬muḥtāj in need, in want (‫ الى‬of rook; chalk
s.th.), requiring (‫ الى‬s.th.); poor, destitute, ‫ حواري‬ḥawārī pl. -ūn disciple, apostle
indigent (of Jesus Christ); disciple, follower
‫ حوجلة‬ḥaujala pl. ‫ حواجل‬ḥawājil2 phial ‫ حوارى‬ḥawārā cretaceous rock; chalk
(chem.)
‫ حورية‬ḥūrīya pl. -āt, ‫ حور‬ḥūr houri,
(‫ حاد )حود‬ḥāda u (ḥaud) to turn aside, turn virgin of paradise; nymph; (pl. -āt) young
away (‫ عن‬from), turn (‫ عن‬off) II to turn locust │‫ حورية الماء‬water nymph, nixie
off, take a turning
‫ حوران‬ḥaurān2 the Hauran, a
‫( حودة‬ḥauda) turn, turning mountainous plateau in SW Syria and N
(‫ حاذ )حوذ‬ḥāda u (ḥaud) to urge on, spur on ( Jordan 212
‫ هـ‬animals) IV do. X ‫ استحوذ‬istaḥwada to ‫ محور‬miḥwar pl. ‫ محاور‬maḥāwir2
overwhelm, overcome, overpower (‫على‬ rolling pin; pivot, core, heart, center; axis;
s.o.; esp. emotions), get the better of ( axle, axletree
‫)على‬, gain mastery (‫ على‬over); to seize (
‫ محار‬maḥār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬oysters;
‫ على‬on), take possession (‫ على‬of), usurp (
shellfish, mussels; mother-of-pearl, nacre
‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ محارة‬maḥāra (n. un.) oyster; oyster
‫ حوذي‬ḥūdī coachman, cabman, driver shell, mussel; trowel
‫ تحوير‬taḥwīr alteration, change, bounds of reason; ‫( برز الى حيز المعقول‬to
transformation, reorganization, reshuffle, advance to the realm of fact, i.e.) to
remodeling, modification become a reality; ‫ في حيز المكان‬fī ḥ. il-
imkān within the realm of possibility,
‫ حوار‬ḥiwār talk, conversation,
quite possible
dialogue; argument, dispute; text (of a
play); script, scenario (of a motion ‫ حيازة‬ḥiyāza possession, holding,
picture) tenure; taking possession, occupation,
occupancy; acquisition of title, acquisition
‫ محاورة‬muḥāwara talk, conversation,
of the right of possession; obtainment,
dialogue; argument, dispute
attainment, acquisition
‫ تحاور‬taḥāwur discussion
‫ تحيز‬taḥayyuz partiality; prejudice, bias
(‫ حوز‬and ‫ حاز )حيز‬ḥāza u (ḥauz, ‫ حيازة‬ḥiyāza)
‫ انحياز‬inḥiyāz isolation, seclusion,
to possess, own, have (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to gain,
retirement; partiality; prejudice, bias
win, get, receive, obtain, achieve, attain (
‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., success, victory, etc.); to gain ‫ حائز‬ḥā’iz possessor, holder, tenant
pos....ion. gain control (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), seize, ‫ متحيز‬mutaḥayyiz partial, prejudiced,
monopolize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- ḥāza i (‫ حيز‬ḥaiz) biased
to drive on, urge on (‫ هـ‬camels) V
taḥawwaza and taḥayyaza to writhe, twist, ‫ منحاز‬munḥāz secluded, retired,
coil; -- taḥayyaza to stay away, keep withdrawn, removed (‫ عن‬from); an
away, seclude o.s., isolate o.s. (‫ عن‬from); outsider, a stranger (‫ عن‬to)
to be disposed, incline, tend, lean (‫الى‬ ‫ حوس‬VIII (eg.) to be in a quandary, waver,
toward); to join (‫ الى‬s.o. or s.th.); to side ( hesitate
‫ الى‬,‫ ل‬with), take sides (‫ الى‬,‫ ل‬in favor
of) VII to isolate o.s., seclude o.s.
1
(‫ حاش )حوش‬ḥāša u (ḥauš) to round up,
separate, segregate,· disengage o.s., drive into a trap (‫ هـ‬game); to stop, check,
dissociate o.s., stay away, keep away, prevent, hinder (‫ هـ‬s.th.), stand in the way
retire, withdraw (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬from); to join (‫ هـ‬of); to hold back, stem, stave off (‫هـ‬
(‫ الى‬S.o. or s.th.); to unite (‫ الى‬with); to s.th.) II to gather, collect, amass,
side (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬with), take sides (‫ الى‬or J accumulate, pile up, hoard (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
in favor of) VIII to possess, own, have (‫هـ‬ save, put by (‫ هـ‬money); to find (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
s.th.); to take possession (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to 213
keep, prevent, hinder (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from) ‫ حوش‬ḥauš p1. ‫ احواش‬aḥwāš, ‫حيشان‬
ḥīšān enclosure, enclosed area; courtyard
‫ حوز‬ḥauz possession, holding, tenure;
obtainment, attainment, acquisition; ‫ حوش‬ḥawaš mob, rabble, riffraff
taking possession, occupation, occupancy;
‫ حوشي‬ḥūšī wild; unusual, odd, queer,
(jur.) tenancy; -- (pl. ‫ احواز‬aḥwāz)
strange
enclosed area, enclosure; precinct(s),
boundary, city limits ‫ اسبوع الحاش‬usbū‘ al-ḥāš Passion
Week (Chr.)
‫ حوزي‬ḥauzī possessor, tenurial
2
‫ حاشى‬,‫ حاشا‬see ‫ حاش لله‬,‫ حشو‬ḥāša lillāh =
‫ حوزة‬ḥauza possession, holding,
‫حاشى لله‬
tenure; property; area, territory │‫في حوزه‬
or ‫ في حوزة يده‬fī ḥ. yadihī in his ‫ حوص‬ḥawaṣ squinting of the eye (caused by
possession; ‫ الدفاع عن حوزة مصر‬the constant exposure to glaring light)
defense of Egyptian territory ‫ احوص‬aḥwaṣ2 f. ‫ حوصاء‬ḥauṣā’2, pl.
‫ حيز‬ḥayyiz, ḥaiz pl. ‫ احياز‬aḥyāz scope, ‫ حوص‬ḥūṣ having narrow, squinting eyes
range, reach, extent, compass, confines, ‫ حياصة‬ḥiyāṣa girth
field, domain, realm; sphere │ ‫ل يدخل في‬
‫( حيز المعقول‬yadkul) it is not within the
‫ حوصل‬ḥauṣa, ‫ حوصلة‬ḥauṣala craw (of a ... ; he brought ... to his notice V to guard,
bird); bladder; pelican │ ‫الحوصلة المرارية‬ protect (.., 6 s.o., s.th.); to take precautions
(marārīya) gall bladder, bile (anat.) (‫ هـ‬with regard to), attend (‫ هـ‬to); to be
careful, be cautious, be on one’s guard
‫ حويصل‬ḥuwaisil blister, bleb, vesicle; VIII to be careful, be cautious, watch out,
water blister be on one’s guard; to take precautions,
‫ حويصلة‬ḥuwaisila pl. -āt blister, bleb, make provision (‫ ل‬for, so as to ensure ... );
vesicle to surround (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to guard,
‫ حوض‬ḥauḍ pl. ‫ احواض‬aḥwāḍ, ‫ حياض‬ḥiyāḍ protect, preserve (‫ على ب‬s.th. from), take
basin; water basin; trough, tank, cistern, care (‫ ب‬of), attend (‫ ب‬to), look after (‫)ب‬,
reservoir, container; basin of a river or see to it (‫ بأن‬that)
sea; pool; (in the Egyptian irrigation ‫ حيطة‬ḥīṯa, ḥaṭa, ‫ حوطة‬ḥauṭa
system) a patch of land surrounded by cautiousness, caution, provident care,
dikes, flooded by high water of the Nile; prudence, circumspection │ ‫أخذ‬
pond; pelvis (anat.); (garden) bed; dock; ‫(حيطته‬ḥīṭatahu) to be on one’s guard, take
pl. ‫( حياض‬ḥiyāḍ) ground, area, domain (to precautions; ‫ بل حيطة‬thoughtlessly,
be protected), sanctum │ ‫حوض جاف‬ unthinkingly, inadvertently
(jāff) dry dock; ‫ حوض حمام‬ḥammām
bathtub; ‫‘( حوض عوام‬awwām) floating ‫ حياطة‬ḥiyāṭa guarding, custody,
dock; ‫ ذاد عن حياضه‬to assume the defense protection, care 214
of s.o., make o.s. the champion of s.o.; to ‫ تحويط‬taḥwīṭ encirclement
defend o.s.; ‫( ذب حن حياض الدين‬dabba)
‫ احاطة‬iḥāṭa encirclement,
to defend the faith; ‫احواض الفم والحديد‬
encompassment; comprehension, grasp,
coal and iron deposits
understanding, knowledge, cognizance (‫ب‬
O ‫ حويضة‬ḥuwaiḍa renal pelvis (anat.) of s.th.), acquaintance, familiarity (‫ب‬
(‫ حاط )حوط‬ḥāṭa u (ḥauṭ, ‫ حيطة‬ḥaiṭa, ‫حياطة‬ with); information, communication
ḥiyāṭa) to guard, protect (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), ‫ تحوط‬taḥawwuṭ provision, care,
watch (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬over s.o., over s.th.), have the attention, precaution, prudence; pl. -āt
custody (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of); to attend (‫ هـ‬to), take precautionary measures, precautions
care (‫ هـ‬of), look after s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to ‫ احتياط‬iḥtiyāṭ caution, cautiousness,
surround, encircle, enclose, encompass ( prudence, circumspection, carefulness;
‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.) II to build a wall (‫ هـ‬around provision, care, attention, precaution,
s.th.), wall in (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to encircle, prevention; pl. -āt precautionary
surround (‫ هـ‬s.th.), close in from all sides ( measures, precautions │‫على سبيل المثال‬
‫ هـ‬on s.th.) III to try to outwit, dupe, or as a precaution, out of precaution, to be on
outsmart (‫ ه‬s.o.); to mislead, lead astray, the safe side
seduce (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to surround (‫ ب‬s.o.,
‫ احتياطي‬ihṭiyāṭī precautionary;
s.th., also ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., y with); to
prophylactic; preventive; replacement;
encompass, enclose, embrace, comprise,
spare- (in compounds); reserve- (in
contain (‫ ب‬s.th., also ‫ ;)هـ‬to ring, encircle compounds); stand-by; reserve funds,
(‫ ب‬s.o., s.th., also ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ ب‬with capital reserves (fin.); reserve (mil.) │
s.th.), close in from all sides (‫ ب‬on); to ‫( حبس احتياطي‬ḥabs) detention pending
know thoroughly, comprehend, grasp investigation; ‫تدابير احتياطية‬
completely, understand fully (‫ ب‬s.th.), be precautionary measures, precautions ‫قوات‬
familiar, be thoroughly acquainted (‫ب‬ ‫( احتياطية‬quwāt) reserves (mil.); ‫مال‬
with) │‫’( احاط به علما‬ilman) to know ‫ احتياطي‬capital reserve, reserve fund;
s.th. thoroughly, have comprehensive
‫( احتياطى الزيت الخام‬crude-)oil reserves
knowledge of s.th.; to take cognizance,
take note of s.th.; ‫ اجاطه علما ب‬he ‫ حائط‬pl. ‫ حيطان‬ḥīṭān, ‫ حياط‬ḥiyāṭ,
informed him of ..., he let him know about ‫ حوائط‬ḥawā’iṭ2 wall │‫ حائط المبكى‬ḥ. al-
mabkā Wailing Wall (in Jerusalem); (‫ حول‬and ‫ حال )حيل‬ḥāla u to change, undergo
‫ ضرب( به عرض الحائط‬or) ‫ القى‬alqā a change, be transformed; to shift, turn,
(ḍaraba) bihī ‘urḍa l-ḥā’iṭ to make little pass, grow (‫ الى‬into s.th., also ‫)هـ‬,
of s.th., scorn, disdain, despise s.th.; to become (‫ الى‬s.th.); to deviate, depart (‫عن‬
reject s.th., discard s.th., throw s.th. from, e.g., a commitment), dodge, evade,
overboard; to ruin, thwart, foil s.th. fail to meet (‫ عن‬s.th.); to elapse, pass go
‫ حويط‬ḥāwiṭ (eg.) clever, smart, shrewd by (time); -- (‫ حيلولة‬ḥailūla) to prevent (
‫ دون‬s.th.); to intervene, interfere,
‫ محيط‬muḥīṭ surrounding (‫ ب‬s.th.); interpose, come (‫ بين‬between) │ ‫حال عن‬
comprehensive; familiar, acquainted (‫ب‬ ‫‘( عهد‬ahd) to withdraw from a contract;
with); -- (pl. -āt) circumference,
215 ‫ حال بين فلن وبين المر‬to make s.th.
periphery; extent, range, scope, compass,
inaccessible to s.o., impossible for s.o.; to
reach, domain, area; milieu, environment,
bar or obstruct s.o.’s way to s.th.; to
surroundings; ocean; pl. ‫محيطات‬
prevent s.o. from s.th., deny s.o. s.th.; ‫حال‬
surroundings, environment │ ‫المحيط‬
‫( بين نفسه وبين الشفاق‬išfāq) to resist
‫(الطلنطي‬aṭlanṭī) the Atlantic Ocean; ‫الم‬ compassion, deny o.s. any sympathy II
‫( حيط الهادئ‬ḥādi’) the Pacific Ocean ḥawwala to change (‫ الى هـ‬or ‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. to
‫ محاط‬muluiJ surrounded (‫ ب‬by) s.th. else), transform, transmute, convert,
turn, make (‫ الى هـ‬or ‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. into s.th.
‫ متحوط‬mutaḥawwiṭ cautious, prudent,
else); to transplant (s.th.); to transfer (‫هـ‬
provident, circumspect, careful, watchful
s.th.); to convert (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
‫ حوف‬ḥauf edge, rim, brim, brink; border, mathematically); to switch commutate (‫هـ‬
hem, fringe current; el.); to convert, transform (‫هـ‬
‫ حافة‬ḥāfa pl. -āt, ‫ حواف‬ḥawāfin current; el.); to shunt (‫ هـ‬a railroad car); to
border, rim, brim, brink, verge; edge; switch (‫ هـ‬a railroad track); to remit, send,
fringe, hem │‫ بين حوافيه‬within it, in it, transmit (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., money by mail, ‫الى‬
therein to s.o.); to pass on, hand on (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to
s.o.); to forward (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to s.o. or to
(‫ حاق )حوق‬ḥāqa u (ḥauq) to surround,
an address); to endorse (‫ هـ‬a bill of
enclose, infold, embrace (‫ ب‬s.o.. s.th.) II
exchange, a promissory note); to direct,
= I (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.)
turn (‫ هـ‬s.th., also ‫ نظرة‬naẓratan a glance,
1
‫ حوقل‬ḥauqala (‫ حوقلة‬ḥauqala) to ‫ الى‬to or toward); to divert, distract, keep
pronounce the formula: ‫ل حول ول قوة ال‬ (‫ عن هـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. from); to turn
‫( بالله‬see ‫ حول‬ḥaul) away, avert (‫ بصره عن‬baṣarahū one's
eyes from); to turn off, switch off,
2
‫حوقلة‬ḥauqala pl. ‫ حواقل‬ḥawāqil2
phial (chem.), Florence flask disconnect (‫ هـ‬current; el.) │‫حول الدفة‬
(daffa) to turn the helm, change the course
(‫ حاك )حوك‬ḥāka u (ḥauk, ‫ حياك‬ḥiyāk, ‫حياكة‬ III (ḥāwala to try, attempt, endeavor (‫هـ‬
ḥiyāka) to weave (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to interweave ( s.th., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.), make an attempt,
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to knit (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to braid, plait ( make an effort (‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to seek to
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to contrive, devise, hatch, gain (‫ هـ‬s.th.) by artful means; to deceive
concoct (‫ هـ‬s.th.; e.g., ruses, intrigues, by pretenses, make excuses, hedge, dodge
pretexts), think up, fabricate, create (‫هـ‬ IV to change ‫ هـ هـ‬or ‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to),
s.th. in one’s imagination) transform, transmute, turn, make (‫ هـ هـ‬or
‫ حياكة‬ḥiyāka weaving; knitting; ‫ الى هـ‬s.th. into); to convert, translate ( ‫هـ‬
braiding, plaiting ‫ هـ‬or ‫ الى هـ‬s.th. into); to transfer (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to remit, send (‫ هـ‬s.th. ‫ الى‬or ‫ على‬to
‫ حائك‬ḥā’ik pl. ‫ حاكة‬ḥāka weaver; -- s.o.); to assign (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ الى‬or ‫على‬
(mor.) an outer garment made of a long to s.o.); to turn over, hand over, pass on (
piece of white woolen material, covering
‫ على هـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. to); to forward (
body and head
‫ على هـ‬s.th. to); to refer (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to); to
cede, transfer (‫ هـ‬a debt, ‫ على‬to s.o.; jur.) at present │‫ في الحال‬and ‫ للحال‬on the
│‫( احيل على )الى( المعاش‬uḥīla, ma‘āš) spot, at once, immediately; ‫على كل حال‬
and ‫( احيل الى التقاعد‬taqā‘ud) he was (kulli ḥālin) and ‫( على أي حال‬ayyi ḥ.) in
pensioned off; ‫احيلت الكمبيالة الى‬ any case, at any rate, anyhow; ‫يبقى على‬
‫ البروتستو‬the bill was protested (fin.) V ‫( حاله‬yabqā) it remains unchanged, just as
taḥawwala to change, undergo a change; it is; ‫ في حال من الحوال‬in some case or
to be changed (‫ الى‬to), be transformed, be other, anyway, if occasion should arise,
transmuted, be converted (‫ الى‬into), possibly; (with neg.) by no means, under
become (‫ الى‬s.th.), turn, grow (‫ الى‬into), no circumstances, not at all, in no way;
transform (‫ الى‬--‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬from -- into), ‫ بأي حال‬,‫ بحال‬,‫ على حال‬bi-ayyi ḥ. with
change, develop, evolve (‫ الى‬-- ‫ من‬from neg.: by no means, not at all, in no way;
to); to withdraw, go away, leave; to move ‫ كذلك الحال في‬the same goes for ..., it is
(‫ الى‬to a residence); to turn away (‫من‬ the same with …; it is also the case
from), turn one’s back (‫ عن‬on); to deviate with ...; ‫ كما هو الحال في‬as is the case
(‫ عن‬from); to depart, digress, stray ( ‫عن‬ with; ‫ كيف حالك‬how are you? ‫شيء بحاله‬
‫ الطريق‬from the way); to renounce, forgo, a thing in itself, a separate, independent
relinquish, disclaim (s.th.); to proceed thing; ‫( الحوال الجوية‬jawwīya)
slyly or cunningly │‫ تحول كل حيلة‬to atmospheric conditions; ‫محاكم الحوال‬
employ every conceivable trick; -- ‫( الشخصية‬šakṣīya) courts dealing with
taḥayyala to employ artful means; to vital statistics; ‫ نظام( الحوال الشخصية‬or)
ponder ways and means (‫ ل‬to an end, in ‫ قانون‬personal statute; ‫ صاحب الحال‬noun
order to attain s.th.) VI taḥāwala to try, referent of a circumstantial phrase
endeavor, take pains (‫ على‬to do s.th.), (gram.); ‫‘ عرض حال‬arḍ ḥ. application,
strive (‫ على‬for); -- taḥāyala and VIII to memorial, petition; ‫ لسان‬,‫لسان الحال‬
employ artful means, resort to tricks, use ‫ حاله‬see ‫لسان‬
stratagems (‫ على‬against s.o.); to deceive, ‫ حالما‬ḥālama (conj.) as soon as
beguile, dupe, cheat, outwit, outsmart (
‫ على‬s.o.); to be out (‫ على‬for s.th.) or ‫ حالة‬ḥala pl. -āt condition, state;
achieve (‫ على‬s.th.) by artful means, by situation; (possible, actual) case; ḥālata
tricks VIII to work or strive (on one’s own (prep.) during │‫ حالة ان‬ḥālata an (conj.)
resources), make efforts (on one’s own) whereas; ‫ والحالة هذه‬under these
IX ‫ احول‬aḥwala to be cross-eyed, to circumstances, such being the case, things
squint X to change (‫ الى‬to, into), turn, be being as they are; ‫( في حالة‬ḥālati) in (the)
transformed, be converted (‫ الى‬into); to be case of ..., in the event of …, e.g., ‫في حالة‬
transubstantiated (bread and wine, ‫الى‬ ‫( غيابه‬giyābihī) in case of his absence, ‫في‬
into the body and blood of Christ; Chr.); ‫( حالة الوفاة‬wafāh) in case of death; ‫في‬
to proceed, pass on, shift, switch (‫ الى‬to ‫ هذه الحالة‬in this (that) case; ‫ لحالة ان‬li-
s.th. new or s.th. different); to be ḥālati an in case that …, in the event that
impossible (‫ على‬for s.o.); to be …; ‫ في حالة ما اذا‬if; ‫ كما هي الحالة في‬if
inconceivable, absurd, preposterous as is the case with …; ‫حالة اجتماعية‬
(ijtimā‘īya) marital status; ‫الحالة الجوية‬
‫ حال‬ḥāl m. and f., pl. ‫ احوال‬aḥwāl
condition, state; situation; position, status; (jawwīya) atmospheric conditions; ‫حالة‬
circumstance; case; present, actuality (as ‫ الخطر‬ḥ. al-kaṭar stand-by, alert, state of
opposed to future); circumstantial alarm; ‫ الحالة الراهنة‬the status quo; ‫حالة‬
expression or phrase (gram.); pl.: ‫ الطوارئ‬ḥ. aṭ-ṭawāri’ state of emergency;
conditions, circumstances; matters, affairs, ‫( في حالة التلبس‬talabbus) flagrante
concerns; cases; ḥāla (prep.) during; delicto (jur.); ‫( الحالة المدنية‬madanīya)
immediately upon, right after; just at; in civil status, legal status; ‫ سوء الحالة‬sū’ al-
case of …, in the event of …; 216 ‫حال‬ ḥ. predicament, plight
ḥālan presently, immediately, at once,
right away, without delay; now, actually,
‫ حالي‬ḥālī present, current, actual, ‫ حيلي‬ḥiyalī cunning, crafty, wily, sly,
existing; momentary, instantaneous; ‫حاليا‬ tricky, foxy
ḥālīyan at present, actually │‫صورة حالية‬ ‫ احيل‬aḥyal2 craftier, wilier
(ṣūra) snapshot (phot.)
‫ حول‬ḥawal squinting, strabismus
‫ حالية‬ḥālīya actuality, topicality,
timeliness ‫ احول‬aḥwal2, f. ḥaula’2 ḥaulā2, pl. ‫حول‬
ḥūl squinting, squint-eyed, wall-eyed,
‫ حول‬ḥaul pl. ‫ احوال‬aḥwāl year; might, walleyed
power │‫ ل حول ول قوة ال بالله‬lā ḥaula
wa-lā quwata illā bi-llāh there is no ‫ حؤول‬ḥu’ūl change, transformation,
power and no strength save in God; ‫ل‬ transmutation; prevention (‫ دون‬of s.th.)
‫( حول له ول حيلة‬wa-lā ḥīlata) he is ‫ حوال‬ḥiwāl obstacle; partition, screen
completely powerless, he can do nothing,
he is at the end of his resources ‫ حيال‬ḥiyāla (prep.) in view of ..., with
regard to …, in the lace of, opposite, in
‫ حول‬ḥiwal change of place, change │‫ل‬ front of, before
‫( يبتغون عنه حول‬yabtagūna) they don’t
want it otherwise, they ask for it ‫ حوالة‬ḥawāla pl. -āt assignment,
cession (jur.); bill of exchange,
‫ حول‬ḥaula (prep.) around, about; circa, (promissory) note, check, draft │ ‫حوالة‬
about, some, approximately, roughly (with ‫ حوالة بريدية‬,‫ البريد‬money order; ‫حوالة‬
following number); about (esp. in news ‫ السفر‬ḥ. safar traveler’s check
headings, approx. = re, concerning) │ ‫من‬
‫( حوله‬ḥaulihī) (= ‫ )حوله‬around him (or it), ‫ حوالى‬ḥawālā (prep.) around, about;
about him (or it); ‫من حوليهما‬ circa, approximately, roughly, about, some
(ḥaulaihimā) around the two of them, (with following number)
about them; from their vicinity, from their ‫ حيلولة‬ḥailūla separation, interruption,
surroundings (dual) disruption; prevention (‫ دون‬of s.th.)
‫ حولي‬ḥaulī periodic, temporary, ‫ ل محال‬lā maḥalla = ‫( ل محالة‬see
interim; one year old (animal), yearling; below)
young animal; lamb, wether
‫ محالة‬muḥāla roller, wheel (of a draw
O ‫ حوليات‬ḥaulīyāt yearbook, annals (= well)
Fr. annales, as a scientific publication)
‫ ل محالة منه‬lā maḥālata minhu it is
‫ حيل‬ḥail strength, force, power, vigor inevitable; there is no doubt about it; (also
│ ‫(على حيله‬standing) upright, erect; ‫ل‬ ‫ ل محالة‬alone) most certainly, positively,
‫( قوة له ول حيل‬qūwata) completely absolutely, by all means
helpless and paralyzed
‫ تحويل‬taḥwīl transformation,
‫ حيلة‬ḥīla pl. ‫ حيل‬ḥiyal, ‫ احاييل‬aḥāyīl2 artifice, transmutation, conversion (‫ الى‬into s.th.);
ruse, stratagem, maneuver, subterfuge, change, alteration, modification;
wile, trick; device, shift; a 217 means to transplantation; transposition, reversal,
accomplish an end; expedient, makeshift, inversion, translocation, dislocation,
dodge, way-out; legal stratagem (for the displacement; transfer, assignment;
purpose of in fraudem legis agere) │ ‫ما‬ conversion (e.g., of currency); conversion,
‫ الحيلة‬what’s to be done! ‫ل حيلة له في‬ transformation (of electric current); O
(ḥīlata) I have no possibility to …, I am in transfer (fin.; also ‫ تحويل الدين‬t. ad-dain);
no position to …; ‫( ما بيدي حيلة‬bi-yadī) I remittance (of money), transmittal,
can do nothing, I can get nowhere; ‫لم يجد‬ sending, forwarding; bill of exchange,
‫ حيلة ال‬lam yajid ḥīlatan illā he couldn’t promissory note, draft (com.); check;
do anything except …, he had no other endorsement (com.); c.o.d., cash on
choice than …; ‫( اعيته الحيلة‬a‘yathu) he delivery │ ‫قابلية العملة للتحويل الى‬
was at a loss, he was at the end of his wits
‫( العملت الجنبية‬qābilīyal al-’mla, frequently changing; feeble, languid, wan,
ajnabīiya) convertibility of currency pallid
‫ تحويلة‬taḥwīla pl. ‫ تحاويل‬taḥāwīl2 ‫ محول‬muḥawwil pl. -āt converter,
branch, offshoot; siding, sidetrack transformer (el.); endorser
(railroad); side canal (irrigation; Eg.); ‫ محولة‬muḥawwila switch (railroad)
switch (railroad)
‫ محول عليه‬muḥawwal ‘alaihi c.o.d.,
‫ محاولة‬muḥāwala pl. -āt attempt, try;
cash on delivery; ‫ محول به‬collected on
effort, endeavor;. recourse to expedients,
delivery
shifts, or dodges, dodging, hedging │
‫(محاولة على حياته‬ḥayātihī) attempt on ‫ محيل‬muḥīl transferor, assignor (Isl.
s.o.’s life, murderous assault Law)
‫ احالة‬iḥāla transfer, conveyance, ‫ محال‬muḥāl inconceivable,
assignment; remittance; forwarding, unthinkable, impossible, absurd,
referring (‫ الى‬or ‫ على‬to a competent preposterous, unattainable
authority); transmission, transmittal; O ‫ متحول‬mutaḥawwil changeable,
transfer (fin.); cession, assignment (Isl. variable, changing │ ‫العياد‬
Law); absurdity │ ‫ بالحالة على‬with ‫(المتحولة‬a‘yād) the movable feasts (Chr.)
reference to; ‫ قاضي الحالة‬magistrate
sitting at defendant’s arraignment, trial ‫ محتال‬muḥtāl artful, cunning, deceitful,
judge; ‫( احالة الى )على( المعاش‬ma‘āš) treacherous, perfidious, fraudulent;
and ‫( احالة الى التقاعد‬taqā‘ud) swindler, cheat, impostor, fraud; crook,
pensioning off scoundrel; assignee (Isl. Law) │ ‫محتال‬
‫ عليه‬debtor of a ceded claim, transferee
‫ تحول‬taḥawwul change, (Isl. Law)
transformation, transmutation; abrupt
change, sudden turn, reversal; shift, ‫ مستحيل‬mustaḥīl impossible, absurd,
transition; departure, deviation, digression preposterous; ‫ مستحيلات‬impossible
(‫ عن‬from); renunciation ( ‫ عن‬of) │ ‫نقطة‬ things, impossibilities, absurdities
‫ التحول‬nuqṭat at-t. turning point (‫ حام )حوم‬ḥāma u (ḥaum, ‫ حوم‬ḥawamān) to
‫ تحيل‬taḥayyul use of tricks, trickery circle, hover. glide (in the air; of a bird,
218 also of an aircraft); to hover, swarm, buzz
(‫ حول‬and ‫ على‬around) │ ‫حامت الشبهة‬
‫ تحايل‬taḥāyul and ‫ احتيال‬iḥtiyāl use of ‫( ضده‬šubha, ḍiddahū) suspicion
tricks, trickery; cunning, craft, subtlety, concentrated on him, he was suspected II
artfulness; malice, treachery, perfidy; to circle in the air; to hover in circles, to
deception, fraud circle; to go around, revolve (thoughts and
‫ تحايلي‬taḥāyulī and ‫ احتيالي‬iḥtiyālī images, in one’s head or mind); to browse
fraudulent, e.g., ‫( افلس احتيالي‬iflās) (‫ في‬in a book)
fraudulent bankruptcy ‫ حومة‬ḥauma pl. -āt turmoil of battle,
‫ استحالة‬istiḥāla change, thick of the fray; main part, bulk, main
transformation, transmutation, turn, shift, body; (tun.) quarter, section (of a city)
transition; transubstantiation (Chr.); ‫ حان‬and ‫ حانة‬see ‫حين‬
impossibility, inconceivability, absurdity,
preposterousness ‫ حانوت‬see ‫حنو‬
‫ حائل‬ḥā’il pl. ‫ حوائل‬ḥawā’il obstacle, ‫ حوى‬ḥawā i to gather, collect, unite (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
obstruction, impediment (‫ دون‬on the way to encompass, embrace, contain, hold,
to s.th., ‫ و‬-- ‫ بين‬see ‫ حال‬ḥāla I); barrier; enclose, comprise, include (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
partition, screen, folding screen; -- (pl. possess, own, have (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to clasp (‫هـ‬
‫ حول‬ḥuwwal) changeable, variable, s.th., the hand) V to curl (up), coil (up)
VIII to encompass, embrace, contain,
hold, enclose, comprise, include (‫ هـ‬or of s.o.), be embarrassed (‫ من‬by); to be
‫ على‬s.th.); to possess, own, have (‫ هـ‬or bashful, shy, diffident
‫ على‬s.th.) ‫ حي‬ḥayy pl. ‫ احياء‬aḥyā’ living, live,
‫ حوية‬ḥawīya convolution, coil, curl, alive; lively, lusty, animated, active,
roll; pl. ‫ حوايا‬ḥawāyā intestine, bowels, energetic, unbroken, undaunted,
entrails undismayed; living being, organism; tribe,
tribal community; block of apartment
‫ حواية‬ḥiwāya pl. -āt (eg.) wase round houses; section, quarter (of a city) │ ‫علم‬
pad to support a burden on the head or on ‫‘ الحياء‬ilm al-aḥyā’ biology; ‫حي العالم‬
the back ‘ilm al-‘ālam houseleek tree
‫ حاو‬ḥāwin pl. ‫ حواة‬ḥuwāh snake (Sempervivum arboreum L.; bot.)
charmer; juggler, conjurer, magician ‫ حي‬ḥayya: ‫ حي على الصلة‬ḥayya ‘alā
‫ محتويات‬muḥtawayāt content(s) (of a ṣ-ṣalāh come to prayer!
book. of a receptacle) │‫محتويات النفوس‬ ‫ حية‬ḥayya pl. -āt snake, serpent, viper
the innermost thoughts. the secrets of the
heart O ‫ احيائي‬aḥyā’ī biologic(al); (pl. -ūn)
biologist │‫( كيمياء احيائية‬kīmiyā’) bio-
(‫ حيو‬,‫ حيي )حى‬ḥayiya, ‫ حي‬ḥayya ‫ يحيا‬yaḥyā ( chemistry
‫ حياة‬ḥayāh) to live; ‫ حي‬ḥayya to live to
see, experience, witness (‫ هـ‬s.th.), live (‫هـ‬ ‫ حيي‬ḥayīy bashful, shy, diffident,
through a time) ‫ ليحي الملك‬li-yaḥyā 219 modest
l-malik long live the king! ‫ حيي‬ḥayiya ‫ حياء‬ḥayā’ shame, diffidence,
‫ يحيا‬yaḥyā (‫ حياء‬ḥayā’) to be ashamed ( bashfulness, timidity; shyness │ ‫قليل‬
‫ من‬of; because of) II ‫ حيا‬ḥayyā to keep (‫ه‬ ‫ الحياء‬shameless impudent; ‫قلة الحياء‬
s.o.) alive, grant (‫ ه‬s.o.) a long life; to say qillat al-ḥ. shamelessness, impudence
to s.o. (‫)ه‬: ‫ حياك الله‬may God preserve
‫ حياة‬ḥayāh pl. ‫ حيوات‬ḥayawāt life;
your life!; to greet, salute (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV ‫احيا‬
life-blood; liveliness animation │ ‫حياة‬
aḥyā to lend life (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.),
‫ الريف‬ḥ. ar-rīf country life, rural life; ‫الحيا‬
enliven, animate, vitalize, endow with life,
‫‘( ة العامة‬āmma) public life; ‫الحياة‬
call into being (‫ هـ‬s.th.), give birth (‫ هـ‬to);
‫ العائلية‬family life; ‫ ميتوى الحياة‬mustawā
to revive, reanimate, revivify (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
l-ḥ. living standard; O ‫‘ علم الحياة‬ilm al-
give new life (‫ هـ‬to); to put on, produce,
ḥ. biology
stage, arrange (‫ هـ‬e.g., a theatrical
performance, a celebration, and the like); ‫ حيوي‬ḥayawī lively, full of life, vital,
to celebrate (‫ هـ‬s.th., also a festival) │ ‫احيا‬ vigorous; vital, essential to life
‫( الذكرى‬dikrā) to commemorate (a ‫ حيوية‬ḥayawīya vitality, vigor, vim
deceased person), observe the anniversary
(of s.o.’s death); ‫( احيا الليل‬lail) to burn ‫ حيويات‬ḥayawīyāt: ‫مواد مضادة‬
the midnight oil, ‫( احيا الليل صلة‬ṣalātan) ‫( للحيويات‬mawādd muḍādda) antibiotics
to spend the night in prayer; ‫احيا السهرة‬ ‫ حيوان‬ḥayawān pl. -āt animal, beast;
(sahrata) to perform in the evening (of an (coll.) animals, living creatures │ ‫حيوانات‬
artist); ‫( احيا حفلة‬ḥaflatan) to give a ‫( ثدية‬tadyīya) mammals; ‫حيوانات مجترة‬
performance; to perform at a celebration (mujtarra) ruminants; ‫حيوان طفيلي‬
(artist); ‫ قد احيت الفرقة ثلث ليال‬qad (ṭufailī) parasite; ‫‘ علم الحيوان‬ilm al-ḥ.
aḥyat il-firqatu talāta layālin the theatrical zoology
troupe gave three evening performances X
‫ استحيا‬istaḥyā to spare s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬life, let ‫ حيواني‬ḥayawānī animal (adj.);
live, keep alive (‫ ه‬s.o.); ‫ استحيا‬istaḥyā, zoologic(al)
‫ استحى‬istaḥā to be ashamed (‫ ه‬to face ‫ حيوانية‬ḥayawānīya bestiality;
s.o.; ‫ من‬of s.th., because of s.th.); to animality, animal nature
become or feel embarrassed (‫ من‬in front
‫ حوين‬ḥuwayyin pl. -āt minute animal, that ..., so as to ...; so that ...; such as ...;
animalcule (he found himself) at a point or degree
where, e.g., ‫كان من البراءة بحيث ل ترى‬
‫ احيى‬aḥyā livelier; more vigorous,
(barā’a, tarā) = she was so naive that she
more vital
couldn't see ...; ‫ بحيث ل‬insofar as ... not,
‫ تحية‬taḥīya pl. –āt, ‫ تحايا‬taḥāyā provided that … not; ‫( بحيث ان‬anna) in
greeting, salutation; salute; cheer (= wish such a manner that ..., so as to ..., so
that God may give s.o. long life) │ ‫تحية‬ that ...
‫ لذكراه‬taḥīyatan li-dikrāhu in order to
‫ حيثما‬ḥatumā wherever, wheresoever
keep his memory alive, in remembrance
(place); wherever, no matter where ...
of him; ‫‘( التحية العسكرية‬askarīya)
(direction) │‫( حيثما اتفق‬ittafaqa)
military salute
anywhere, wherever it was (or he),
‫ احياء‬iḥyā’ animation, enlivening; revival, haphazardly, at random
revitalization, revivification; arranging,
‫ حيثية‬ḥaitīya pl. -āt standpoint; view,
staging. conducting, putting on, 220
point, point of view, approach; aspect,
holding (of a celebration) │‫احياء الذكرى‬ respect, regard, consideration; high social
i. ad-dikrā commemoration (of a deceased standing, social distinction, dignity; pl.
person); ‫ احياء لذكرى‬I (iḥyā’an) (with also: considerations, legal reasons on
foll. gen.) in commemoration of …, in which the judgment is based, opinion
memoriam ...; ‫ احياء الموات‬i. al-mawāt (jur.) │(‫( ذوو الحيثية )البارزة‬dawū) or
cultivation of virgin land ‫ اصحاب الحيثيات‬,‫ اصحاب الحيثية‬people of
‫ استحياء‬istiḥyā’ shame; diffidence, (high) social standing, prominent people,
bashfulness, timidity; shyness people of distinction; ‫من الحيثية الحيوانية‬
(ḥayawānīya) from a zoological viewpoint
‫ محيا‬mūḥayyan face, countenance
2
‫ الحيثيون‬al-hātīyūn the Hittites
‫ الست المستحية‬as-sitt al-mustahīya
sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica; bot.) (‫ حاد )حيد‬ḥāda i (ḥaid, ‫ حيود‬ḥuyūd, ‫حيدان‬
ḥayadān, ‫ محيد‬maḥīd) to deviate, swerve,
1
‫ حيث‬ḥaitu (conj.) where (place and
depart, desist (If from); to leave, quit, give
direction); wherever; since, as, due to the
up, abandon, relinquish (‫ عن‬s.th.); ‫حاد به‬
fact that; whereas; inasmuch as │‫حيث ان‬
(anna) since, as, because, due to the fact ‫ عن‬to dissuade or get s.o. away from ... ;
that ... ; in that ... ; ‫ حيث كان‬wherever it to incline, tend (‫ نحو‬,‫ الى‬to, toward),
be; in any case, at any rate; ‫ الى حيث‬ilā sbade, blend (‫ نحو‬,‫ الى‬into) II to keep
ḥaitu where (direction); to where …, to aside, put aside (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to stay away,
the place where ...; ‫ من حيث‬min ḥaitu keep apart (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬from s.o., from s.th.); to
from where, whence, wherefrom; where avoid, shun (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) VII to depart,
(place); whereas; (with foll. nominative) deviate, digress, swerve (‫ عن‬from)
as to, as for, concerning, regarding, with ‫ حيد‬ḥaid, ‫ حيدان‬ḥayadān deviation,
respect to, in view of, because of; ‫من‬ digression, departure, swerving, turning
‫ حيث الثقافة‬min ḥ. taqāfatu with regard to aside, turning away
education, as far as education is
concerned; ‫( من حيث يدري ول يدري‬yadrī ‫ حيدة‬ḥaida deviation, digression,
wa-lā yadrī) whether he knows it or not, swerving, departure (from a course);
knowingly or without his knowledge; ‫من‬ neutrality; impartiality │‫ على حيدة‬aside,
apart, to one side
‫( حيث لا‬with foll. perf.) without (being,
doing, etc.); ‫ من حيث هو‬such, in itself, ‫ محيد‬maḥīd avoidance (‫ عن‬of s.th.) │‫ل‬
‫‘( العالم من حيث هو‬ālam) the world in ‫( محيد‬maḥīda) it is unavoidable
itself, the world as such; ‫من حيث ان‬ ‫ حايد‬ḥiyād neutrality (pol.) │ ‫على‬
(anna) inasmuch as; in view of the fact
‫ الحياد‬neutral; ‫( حياد عن الخط‬kaṭṭ)
that; since, as, due to the fact that; ‫بحيث‬ derailment (railroad) 221
bi-ḥaitu inasmuch as; in such a manner
‫ حيادي‬ḥiyādī neutral (pol.) (amrihī) confused, baffled, bewildered,
embarrassed, at a loss, helpless
‫ محايدة‬muḥāyada neutrality (pol.)
‫ محير‬muḥayyar embarrassed, at a loss,
‫ حائد‬ḥā’id neutral (pol.) helpless
‫ محايد‬muḥāyid neutral (pol.); ‫المحايدو‬ ‫ محير‬muḥayyir and ‫ محتار‬muḥtār = ‫حائر‬
‫ ن‬the neutrals (pol.)
‫ حيز‬see ‫حوز‬
‫ متحايد‬mutaḥāyid neutral (pol.)
‫ حيزبون‬see ‫حزب‬
‫ حيدراباد‬ḥaidarābād2 Hydarabad
(‫ حاص )حيص‬ḥāṣa i (ḥaiṣ, ‫ حيصة‬ḥaiṣa, ‫محيص‬
(‫ حار )حير‬ḥāra (1st pers. perf. ‫ )حرت‬a (‫حيرة‬ maḥīṣ) to flee, escape (‫ عن‬s.th. or from
ḥaira, ‫ حيران‬ḥayarān) to become s.th.), run away (‫ عن‬from), turn one’s
confused; to become or be helpless, be at
back (‫ عن‬on) VII do.
a loss, know nothing (‫ في‬of, about); to
waver, hesitate, be unable to choose ( ‫بين‬ ‫ حيص‬ḥaiṣ, ‫ حيصة‬ḥaiṣa flight, escape
‫ وبين‬-- between - and) │‫حار في امره‬ ‫ وقع في حيص بيص‬waqa‘a fī ḥaiṣa
(amrihi) to be confused. baffled, baiṣa to get into a bad fix, meet with
bewildered, dismayed to be at a loss, be at difficulties
one’s wit’s end II to confuse, baffle,
bewilder, nonplus, embarrass (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to ‫ حياصة‬see ‫حوص‬
become confused; to be or become ‫ محيص‬maḥīṣ flight, escape; place of
dismayed, startled, baffled, perplexed (‫في‬ refuge, retreat, sanctuary │‫ما عنه محيص‬
by), be at a loss (‫ في‬to); to waver it is unavoidable; ‫لم يكن لهم من محيص‬
(uncertainly) (‫ بين‬between) │ ‫تحير في‬ they couldn’t but ..., they had no other
‫( امره‬amrihi) to be confused, baffled, alternative but to ...
bewildered, disconcerted, be at a loss, be
at one’s wit’s end VIII = V (‫ حاضت )حيض‬ḥāḍat i (ḥaiḍ, ‫ محيض‬maḥīḍ, ‫م‬
‫ حاض‬maḥāḍ) and V to menstruate, have a
‫ حير‬ḥair fenced-in garden, enclosure │ monthly period
‫ حير الحيوان‬ḥ. al-ḥayawān zoological
garden, zoo ‫ حيض‬ḥaiḍ (n. un. ‫ )حيضة‬and ‫حياض‬
ḥiyāḍ menstruation, monthly period
‫ حيرة‬ḥaira confusion, perplexity,
bewilderment, embarrassment, ‫ حائض‬ḥā’iḍ (f.) and ‫حائضة‬
menstruating
helplessness ‫ في حيرة‬embarrassed, at a
loss, helpless ‫ حياط‬,‫ حيطان‬,‫ حياطة‬,‫ حيطة‬see ‫حوط‬
‫ حيران‬ḥairān2, f. ‫ حيرى‬ḥairā, pl. ‫حيار‬ 1
(‫ حاف )حيف‬ḥāfa i (ḥaif) to deal unjustly (
‫ ى‬ḥayārā, ḥuyārā confused, perplexed, ‫ على‬with s.o.), wrong, injure, harm (‫على‬
startled, dismayed, disconcerted, baffled, s.o.); to restrict, limit, curtail, impair (‫على‬
Nonplused, bewildered, appalled, taken s.th.), encroach (‫ على‬upon) V to 222
aback, stunned; embarrassed, at a loss, at impair, injure, prejudice, violate (‫ هـ‬or ‫من‬
one’s wit’s end; uncertain, helpless, s.th.), encroach, infringe (‫ هـ‬or ‫ من‬upon)
sheepish (smile, etc.), confused,
incoherent (words, and the like) ‫ حيف‬ḥaif wrong, injustice; harm,
damage, prejudice │ ‫حيف عليه‬what a
‫ تحير‬taḥayyur confusion, perplexity, pity! too bad! ‫( ل حيف به‬ḥaifa) it is not
bewilderment, dismay; embarrassment, out of place, it is quite appropriate
helplessness
2
‫ حيفاء‬ḥaifā’ Haifa (seaport in NW Israel)
‫ حائر‬ḥā’ir disconcerted, perplexed,
startled. dismayed; embarrassed, helpless, (‫ حاق )حيق‬ḥāqa i to surround, beset from all
at a lost, at one’s wit’s end; baffled, sides (‫ ب‬s.o.); to fall, descend, come (‫ب‬
bewildered, confused, uncertain (‫في‬ upon s.o., punishment), befall, overtake,
about); straying, astray │‫حائر في امره‬ grip, seize, overcome (‫ ب‬s.o.), happen,
occur (‫ ب‬to); to penetrate, pierce (‫ في‬the time, at times; ‫ في اغلب الحيان‬fī aglabi
body; of a sword); to affect, influence (‫في‬ l-a. mostly, most of the time, in most
s.o., s.th.) IV to surround, beset from all cases; ‫ الى حين‬for some time; meanwhile,
sides (‫ ب‬s.o.); to bring down (‫ هـ ب‬upon for the time being; ‫ في حينه‬then, at the
s.o. s.th.), cause s.th. (‫ )هـ‬to descend (‫هـ ب‬ time, in his (its) time; in due time, at the
upon s.o.) appointed time; ‫ ذا الحين‬dā l-ḥīna just
now, right now; ‫ من ذلك الحين‬from that
‫ حيق‬ḥaiq consequence, effect (of a
misdeed redounding upon the evildoer) time on, from then on; ‫ الى ذلك الحين‬until
that time, till then; ‫( في حين‬with foll.
‫ حيك‬II to weave verb) whereas; ‫ في حين ان‬and ‫على حين‬
‫ حياكة‬see ‫حوك‬ ‫( ان‬ḥīni) at the same time when ..., while;
whereas, also without ‫ان‬, e.g., ‫على حين‬
‫ حيك‬ḥaik = ‫ حائك‬see ‫حوك‬
‫‘ هم يزعمون‬alā ḥīni hum yaz‘umūna
1
‫ حيل‬V, ‫ حيلولة‬,‫ حيال‬,‫ احيل‬,‫حيلة‬, etc., see ‫حو‬ whereas they, on the other hand, claim;
‫ ل; احيلي‬see ‫حلو‬ ‫ حينا بعد‬,‫ بين حين وحين‬,‫من حين الى حين‬
‫ من حين لخر‬,‫( حين‬li-ākara) and ‫بين حين‬
2
‫حايل‬ḥāyil2 Hail (town and oasis in N Nejd)
‫( ولخر‬wa-ākara) from time to time, now
(‫ حان )حين‬ḥāna i to draw near, approach, and then, once in a while
come, arrive (time); to happen
‫ حينئذ‬ḥīna’idin at that time, then, that
accidentally │‫ حان الوقت‬the (right) time
day
has come; now is the time; ‫حان له الوقت‬
the time has come for him to …; ‫اما حان‬ ‫ حينذاك‬ḥīnadāka at that time, then, that
‫( لهم ان يفهموا‬amā, an yafhamū) haven’t day
they understood yet ...?; ‫حانت مني التفاتة‬ ‫ حينما‬ḥīnamā (conj.) while; when, as
(minnī iltifāta) I happened to turn around (
‫ الى‬to), it just happened that my eyes fell ‫ حيوي‬,‫ حيوان‬and ‫ حيوية‬see 223 ‫حي‬
on (‫ )الى‬II to set a time (‫ ه‬for s.o.) IV to
destroy, wipe out (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to watch, wait
‫خ‬
(‫ هـ‬fur a time or an opportunity) │ ‫تحين‬ ‫ خاء‬ḳā’ name of the letter ‫خ‬
‫( الفرصة‬furṣata) to wait for an
‫ خاتون‬ḳātūn pl. ‫ خواتين‬ḳawātīn2 lady, socially
opportunity, bide one's time X ‫استحين‬
prominent woman│‫ زهرة الخاتون‬zahrat
istaḥyana to wait for the right time
al-ḳ. little blue flower of the steppe (syr.)
‫ حان‬ḥān bar; cabaret
‫ خاخام‬ḳāḳām (=‫ )حاخام‬rabbi
‫ حانة‬ḥāna pl. -āt bar, wineshop, wine
‫ خارصين‬ḳāriṣīn and ‫ خارصينى‬ḳāriṣīnī (eg.)
tavern; pub, tavern, taproom
zinc
‫ حين‬ḥain death, destruction
‫ خازوق‬ḳāzūq pl. ‫ خوازيق‬ḳawāzīq2 post, stake,
‫ حين‬ḥīn pl. ‫ احيان‬aḥyān, ‫احايين‬ pole; dirty trick│ ‫ هذا خازوق‬that’s tough
aḥāyīn2 time; propitious time, good time, luck!
opportunity; ḥīna (prep.) at the time of ...,
‫ خاقان‬ḳāqān pl. ‫ خواقين‬ḳawāqīn2 overlord,
at, upon; (conj.) at the time when, when;
ruler, sovereign, monarch, emperor
as soon as; ‫ حينا‬ḥīnan for some time; once,
one day; ‫ احيانا‬aḥyānan occasionally, from ‫ خاكى‬ḳākī earth-colored, khaki
time to time, sometimes │‫ حينا‬-- ‫حينا‬ ‫ خؤولة‬,‫ خؤول‬see ‫خول‬
sometimes -- sometimes, at times -- at
times; ‫ في الحايين‬at times, sometimes, ‫ خام‬ḳām raw, unworked, unprocessed;
once in a while; ‫في بعض الحيان‬ untanned; linen; calico; (pl. -āt) raw
(‫ )الحايين‬fī ba‘ḍi l-a. and ‫بعض الحيان‬ material; inexperienced, green, untrained,
ba‘ḍa l-a. sometimes, occasionally, now unskilled, artless, uncouth, boorish; pl.
and then, once in a while, from time to ‫ خامات‬raw materials│‫ جلود خام‬raw
leather; ‫ خيوط خام‬raw fibers; ‫زيت خام‬
(zait) crude oil; ‫( سكر خام‬sukkar) raw ‫ خبث‬ḳubt badness, wickedness;
sugar; ‫( المواد الخام‬mawādd) the raw malignancy (e.g., of a disease); malice,
materials malevolence, viciousness
‫ خان‬ḳān pl. -āt hostel, caravansary; inn, pub, ‫ خبث‬ḳabat refuse, scum, dross, slag
tavern│‫( الخان الخليلى‬ḳalīlī) district of ‫ خبيث‬ḳabīt pl. ‫ خبث‬ḳubut, ‫ خبثاء‬ḳubatā’2,
Cairo (center of art trade and market ‫ اخباث‬aḳbāt, ‫ خبثة‬ḳabata bad, evil, wicked;
activity); ‫ خان يونس‬Khan Yunis (town in malicious, vicious, spiteful; noxious,
Gaza sector) injurious, harmful; malignant (disease);
‫ خانة‬pl. -at column (e.g., of a offensive, repulsive, nauseating,
newspaper); square (e.g., on a chessboard) disgusting (odor)
‫ اخبث‬aḳbat worse; more wicked
‫ خب‬ḳabba u (ḳabb, ‫ خبب‬ḳabab, ‫ خبيب‬ḳabīb)
to amble (animal); to trot (horse); to jog, ‫ خباثة‬ḳabāta badness wickedness;
saunter (person), to sink (‫ فى‬in sand); -- u malice, malevolence, viciousness,
(ḳabb) to surge, heave, be rough (sea) V malignancy
and VIII to amble (animal); to trot (horse) ‫ خبر‬ḳabara u (ḳubr, ‫ خبرة‬ḳibra) to try, test (‫هـ‬
‫ خبب‬ḳabab amble; trot s.th.); to experience (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to have
tried, have experienced, know by
‫ خب‬ḳabb, ḳibb heaving, surging (of the
experience (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to get to know
sea, rough sea
thoroughly, know well (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.);
‫ خب‬ḳabb impostor. swindler ḳabura u to know thoroughly (‫ ب‬or ‫هـ‬
‫ خب‬ḳaba’a a and II to bide, conceal (‫ هـ‬s.th) V s.th.), be fully acquainted (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬with
to hide, conceal o.s.; to be hidden, be s.th.) II to notify, advise, apprise, inform,
concealed VIII to hide, conceal o.s.; to tell (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬of or about) III to write (‫ ه‬to
disappear; to be hidden, be concealed s.o.). address (‫ ه‬s.o.), turn, appeal (‫ ه‬to
s.o.), contact (‫ ه‬s.o.) in writing; to
‫ خبء‬ḳib’ that which is hidden, a hidden thing negotiate, treat, parley (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to
‫ خبيئة‬ḳabī’a pl. ‫ خبايا‬ḳabāyā that which is notify, inform, apprise, advise (‫ ب ه‬s.o. of),
hidden; a hidden, secret thing; a cache│ let know, tell (‫ ب ه‬s.o. about); to
‫ خبايا الَرض‬ḳ. l-arḍ that which is hidden in communicate, report, relate (‫ ب ه‬to s.o.
the earth; natural resources s.th.), tell (‫ ب ه‬s.o. s.th.) V to inquire (‫ ه‬of
s.o.), ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to inform one another,
‫ مَخبأ‬maḳba’ pl. ‫ مَخابئ‬maḳābi’2 hiding place; notify one another; keep one another
hide-out, refuge, haunt, retreat; cellar, informed; to correspond, write each other;
shelter, air-raid shelter to negotiate, treat, parley (‫ مَع‬with s.o., ‫في‬
‫ خباء‬ḳibā’ pl. ‫ اخبئة‬aḳbi’a, ‫ اخبية‬aḳbiya tent; about) VIII to explore (‫ هـ‬s.th.), search (‫هـ‬
husk, hull (of grain) into), seek information (‫ هـ‬about); to test,
examine (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to try, put to the
‫ خابئة‬ḳābi’a, ‫ خابية‬ḳāiya pl. ‫ خوابئ‬ḳawābī’2, ‫خواب‬ test (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to have tried, have
ḳawābin large vessel, cask, jar experienced, know by experience (‫هـ‬
‫ مَخبآت‬muḳabba’āt hidden, secret things; s.th.); to know well (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to inquire (
secrets ‫ عن ه‬of s.o. about), ask (‫ عن ه‬s.o. about)
‫ مَختبئ‬muḳtabi’ hidden, concealed ‫ خبر‬ḳabar pl. ‫ اخبار‬aḳbār news;
information, intelligence: report,
‫ خبت‬IV to be humble (‫ الى‬before God(
communication, message; notification;
‫ خبث‬ḳabuta u (ḳubt, ‫ )خباثة‬to be bad; to be rumor; story; matter, affair; (gram.)
wicked, evil, malicious, vicious, predicate of a nominal clause; pl. annals │
malignant VI to behave viciously, display ‫ سأله عن أخباره‬to inquire of s.o. about s.o.
malice; to feel awkward, feel embarrassed else; ‫ كان في خبر كان‬or ‫دخل في خبر كان‬
(ḳabari kana) to belong to the past, be
passé, be no longer existent
‫ خبرة‬ḳibra, ‫ خبر‬ḳubr experience; ‫ استختبار‬istikbàr pl. -āt inquiry │ ‫دائرة‬
knowledge ‫الَستختبارات‬information bureau
‫ خبير‬kabīr experienced, expert (‫ ب‬in); ‫ مَخبر‬mukbir pl. -ūn reporter; detective
familiar, conversant, well-acquainted (‫ب‬ ‫ مَختبر‬muktabar pl. -āt laboratory
with), cognizant (‫ ب‬of); ‫ الخبير‬the Knowing
(one of the attributes of God); (pl. ‫خبراء‬ ‫ خبز‬kabaza i (kabz) to bake (‫ هـ‬bread) VIII do.
kubarā’2) expert, specialist │ ‫خبير‬ ‫ خبز‬kubz pl. ‫ اخباز‬akbāz bread
‫الضرائب‬tax expert, tax adviser
‫ خبزة‬kubza loaf of bread
‫ خابور‬kābūr pl. ‫ خوابير‬kawābīr2 peg; pin;
wedge ‫ خباز‬kubza pl. -ūn, ‫ خبازة‬baker
‫ مَخبر‬makbar sense, intrinsic ‫ خباز‬kubbaz, ‫ خبيز‬kubbaiz, ‫خبازى‬
significance; (pl: ‫ مَخابر‬makābir2) kubbazā mallow (bot.)
laboratory ‫ خبازة‬kibāza baker’s trade, art of baking
2
‫ مَخبار‬mikbār pl. ‫ مَخابير‬makābīr test ‫ مَخبز‬makbaz, ‫ مَخبزة‬pl. ‫ مَخابز‬makābiz2
tube (chem.) bakery
‫ مَخابرة‬mukābara pl. -āt correspondence, ‫ خبص‬kabaṣa i (kabṣ) to mix, mingle, intermix
(esp. written) information (in classified (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with) II to mix, mingle,
ads: ‫ المخابرة ب‬please write to ..., please intermix (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to muddle, jumble,
contact ...), notice, notification, confuse (‫ هـ‬s.th.), make a mess (‫ هـ‬of)
communication │ ‫ مَخابرة تلفونية‬telephone
call, telephone conversation; ‫مَخابرة خارجية‬ ‫ خبيص‬kabīl, ‫ خبيصة‬medley, mess,
(kārijīya) long-distance call; ‫مَخابرة سرية‬ mishmash, hodgepodge; ‫ خبصة‬a jellylike
(sirriya) secret communiqué; ‫قلو المخابرات‬ sweet
qalam al-m. intelligence bureau; ‫المخابرة‬ ‫ خباص‬kabbāṣ one who causes
‫( حضوريا‬ḥuḍūrīyan) apply in person (in confusion, who messes things up; an
classified ads) irresponsible, light-minded person
‫ اخبار‬ikbār notification, information, ‫ خبط‬kabaṭa i (kabṭ) to beat, strike (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
communication, note, message; report; against s.th.); to knock, rap (‫ هـ‬on, ‫ الباب‬on
indirect discourse, oratio obliqua (gram.) the door); to stamp (‫ الَرض‬the ground; of
‫ اخباري‬ikbārī news-, information- (in animals) │ ‫( يخبط خبط عشواء‬kabṭa ‘ašwā’)
compounds) he acts haphazardly, he proceeds rashly or
at random V to beat, strike, hit (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
‫ تخابر‬takābur negotiation; bring down, fell, knock out, throw to the
correspondence ground (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bump, hit (‫ هـ‬against),
‫ اختبار‬iktibār pl. -āt exploration, study; collide (‫ هـ‬with), stumble (‫ هـ‬over); to be
examination; test; test item (of an lost, wander about, stray; to grope about,
examination); trial, testing; (scientific) fumble about; to struggle, resist; to clatter
investigation, research, experiment; over the ground, gallop (horse) VIII to
experience, empirical knowledge; bump (against); to struggle, resist; to
practical experience │‫اختبارات تحريرية‬ grope about, fumble about; to be lost,
(taḥrīrīya) written examination items; wander around, stray; to stir, bustle
225 ‫( اختبار ذاتي‬dātī) personal experience; ‫ خبطة‬kabta blow, stroke; rap, knock;
‫ على سبيل الَختبار‬experimentally; ‫تحت الَختبار‬ noise, din, uproar
on probation, on trial; ‫حقول الَختبار‬
experimental fields ‫ خباط‬kubāṭ insanity, madness, mental
disorder
‫ اختباري‬iktibārī experimental;
experiential; empirical ‫ خبل‬kabala u (kabl) to confound, confuse,
mess up, complicate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to hinder,
‫ اختبارية‬ihtibārīya empiricism impede, handicap, stop, hold back (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to befuddle (‫ ه‬s.o.), confuse s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind,
rob (‫ ه‬s.o.) of his senses make (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ ختم‬katama i (katm, ‫ ختام‬kitām) to seal, provide
crazy; -- kabila a (kabal, ‫ خبال‬kabal) to get with a seal or signet (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stamp,
confused; to be or become mentally impress with a stamp (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to seal off,
disturbed, crazy, insane II to confound, close, make impervious or inaccessible (‫هـ‬
confuse (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to complicate, s.th.; also ‫ على‬the hearts, said of God); to
entangle, mess up, muddle, throw into put one’s seal (‫ هـ‬on), conclude, terminate
disorder (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to rob of his senses, (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to wind up, finish, complete (‫هـ‬
drive insane (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to become s.th.); to close, heal, cicatrize (wound) V
muddled, disordered (mind) to put on or wear a ring (‫تختم بالذهب │ )ب‬
(dahab) to wear a golden ring VIII to
‫ خبل‬kabl, kabal confusion; mental
conclude, finish, terminate, wind up (‫هـ‬
disorder, insanity
s.th.)
‫ خبل‬kabil mad, crazy, insane;
‫ ختم‬katm sealing; -- (pl. ‫ اختام‬aktām, ‫ختوم‬
feebleminded, dim-witted
kutūm) seal, signet, seal imprint; stamp,
‫ اخبل‬akbal 2 mad, crazy, insane; feeble- stamp imprint; also = ‫( ختمة‬see below) │
minded, dim-witted ‫ختم البريد‬postmark, (postal) cancellation
‫ اختبال‬iktibāl mental disorder stamp; ‫ شمع الختم‬šam‘ al-k. sealing wax

‫ مَخبول‬makbūl mad, crazy, idiotic, ‫ ختمة‬katma pl. katamāt recital of the


imbecilic, mentally deranged, insane; entire Koran, esp. on festive occasions
muddlehead, dolt, fool ‫ خاتم‬kātam, kātam pl. ‫ خواتم‬kawātim2 seal
‫ مَخبل‬makbal confused. baffled, ring, signet ring; ring, finger ring; seal,
perplexed, dismayed; muddled, confused, signet; stamp │‫ خاتم الزواج‬k. zawāj
mixed up wedding ring; ‫ خاتم النبيين‬k. an-nabīyīn the
Seal (i.e., the last) of the Prophets =
(‫ خبا )خبو‬kabā u (kabw, kubūw) to go out, die Mohammed
(fire)
‫ خاتام‬kātām pl. ‫ خواتيم‬kawātīm2 seal ring,
‫ خبايا‬and ‫ خباء‬pl. ‫ اخبية‬see ‫خبأ‬ signet ring; ring
‫ خابية‬pl. ‫ خواب‬see 226 ‫خبأ‬ ‫ ختام‬kitām sealing wax; end, close,
‫ خبياري‬kibyārī caviar conclusion, termination │‫ في الختام‬at the
end, at last, finally, eventually
‫ ختر‬katara i (katr) to betray (‫ ه‬s.o.), act
perfidiously, disloyally (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to ‫ ختامَي‬kitāmī final, concluding │ ‫كلمة‬
deceive, cheat, dupe (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫( ختامَية‬kalima) concluding speech
‫ ختر‬katr disloyalty, breach of ‫ اختتام‬iktitām end, close, conclusion,
confidence, perfidy, treachery, betrayal, termination
deception ‫ خاتمة‬kātima pl. ‫ خواتم‬kawātim2, ‫خواتيم‬
‫ ختار‬kattār traitor, disloyal person, kawātīm2 end, close, conclusion,
cheat, swindler termination; epilogue (of a book); ‫خواتيم‬
final stage
‫ خاتر‬kātir treacherous, perfidious,
disloyal ‫ مَختم‬mukattam ringed, adorned with a
ring or rings (hand)
‫ ختل‬katala i u (katl, ‫ ختل‬katalan) to dupe, gull,
cheat, double-cross, deceive (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to ‫ مَختتم‬muktatam end, close, conclusion,
deceive, cheat, dupe (‫ ه‬s.o.); to behave termination
hypocritically VIII = I 1
‫ختن‬katana i (katn) to circumcise (‫ ه‬a boy)
‫ ختل‬katl and ‫ مَخاتل‬mukātala deception, VIII pass
trickery, double-dealing, duplicity, duping, ‫ ختن‬katn circumcision
gulling
‫ ختن‬katan pl. ‫ اختان‬aktān son-in-law
‫ مَخاتل‬mukātil deceitful, crafty, wily, bridegroom
foxy
‫ ختان‬kitān, ‫ ختانة‬kitāna circumcision ‫ خد‬kadd pl. ‫ خدود‬kudūd cheek; lateral
2 portion, side │‫ صعر خده‬ṣa‘‘ra kaddahū to
‫ خاتون‬look up alphabetically
put on a contemptuous mien
‫ خثر‬katara u and katira a to become solid,
‫ خد‬kadd and ‫ خدة‬kudda pl. ‫ خدد‬kudad
become thick, solidify, thicken; to be or
furrow, ridge, groove, rut
become viscous, syrupy; to clot, coagulate
(liquid); to curdle (milk) II and IV to ‫ اخدود‬ukdūd pl. ‫ اخاديد‬akādīd2 furrow,
thicken, inspissate, condense, coagulate (‫هـ‬ ridge, groove, rut; trench, excavation
liquid); to curdle (‫ هـ‬milk) V = I ‫ خد‬mikadda pl. ‫ مَخاد‬makadd2 cushion,
O ‫ خثرة‬katra thrombosis (med.) pillow; seat cushion
‫ خثار‬kutar dregs (of a liquid); scum of ‫ خديج‬kadīj premature child
the earth, riffraff, mob ‫ خداج‬kidāj abortion, miscarriage
‫ خثارة‬kutāra dregs (of a liquid); ‫ خدر‬kadira a (kadar) to be numb, prickle,
sediment, lees 227 tingle (leg, arm); to be or become limp,
‫ تخثر‬takattur coagulation │O ‫( تخثر المخ‬mukk) benumbed, paralyzed; -- kadara u to
cerebral thrombosis confine to women’s quarters, keep in
seclusion (‫ ها‬a girl) II to numb, benumb,
‫ خاثر‬kātir thickened, inspissated, condensed;
viscous, ropy, sirupy; curdled, coagulated, stupefy (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬a s.th.); to anesthetize,
narcotize, put to sleep (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.;
clotted; yoghurt, curd
med.); to confine to women’s quarters,
‫ مَخثر‬mukattar thickened, inspissated, keep in seclusion (la a girl) IV to make
condensed; viscous, ropy, sirupy; curdled, torpid, stupefy, benumb, deprive of
coagulated, clotted sensation, narcotize (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be
‫ خجل‬kajila a (kajal) to become embarrassed; to numbed. be stunned, be stupefied, be
be ashamed (‫ مَن‬of s.th. or to face s.o.), be deprived of sensation; to come to rest,
abashed ( by s.th.), feel embarrassed (‫مَن‬ calm down
about s.th. or in front of s.o.) II and IV to ‫ خدر‬kidr pl. ‫ خدور‬kudūr, ‫ اخدار‬akdār, ‫اخادي‬
shame (‫ ه‬s.o.); to embarrass, abash, put to ‫ ر‬akādīr2 curtain, drape; women’s quarters
shame (‫ ه‬s.o.) of a tent; boudoir, private room (of a lady)
‫ خجل‬kajal shame (‫ مَن‬at); bashfulness ‫ خدر‬kadar and ‫ خدرة‬kudra numbness,
diffidence, timidity, shyness; abashment; insensibility (esp. of a limb gone to sleep);
disgrace, shame, ignominy │‫( يا للخجل‬la-l- daze. torpor, stupor
kajal) O disgrace! the shame of it!
‫ خدر‬kadir numb (limb); benumbed,
‫ خجل‬kajil abashed, embarrassed; torpid, dazed
bashful, diffident, shy, timid; overgrown
‫ خدر‬takdīr anesthetization,
with luxuriant, profuse vegetation; long
narcotization
and flowing (garment)
‫ خادر‬kādir limp, languid; benumbed,
‫ خجول‬kajūl abashed, ashamed, shame-
torpid, dazed; hidden in his den, lurking
faced; shy, bashful, diffident, timid
(lion)
‫ خجلان‬kajalān abashed, ashamed,
‫ خادرة‬kādira chrysalis (of a caterpillar;
shamefaced; shy, bashful, diffident, timid;
zool.)
bewildered with shame, embarrassed
‫ مَخدر‬mukaddir anesthetic, painkilling,
‫ مَخجول‬makjūl ashamed, shamefaced
tranquilizing; (pl. -āt) an anesthetic; a
‫ مَخجل‬mukjil arousing shame, shameful; narcotic, drug, dope
shocking, disgraceful, ignominious │
‫ مَخدر‬mukaddar numb, torpid,
‫( اعضاء المخجلة‬a‘ḍā’) the pudenda
insensible; (eg.) tipsy, fuddled, drunk
‫ خد‬kadda u to furrow, plow (a the ground) V to
‫ مَخدرة‬mukaddira girl kept in seclusion
be furrowed; to become wrinkled (akin)
from the outside world 228
‫ خدش‬kadaša i (kadš) to scratch (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ خدل‬kadala a to stiffen, become rigid; to
maul, lacerate, tear to pieces (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to become numb, torpid, limp
violate (‫ هـ‬the rules of decency, s.o.’s ‫ خدم‬kadama i u (‫ خدم‬kidma) to serve, be at
honor, and the like); to disturb (‫ هـ‬the service, do service; to have a job; to work;
peace); to ruin, sully, run down (‫سمعته‬ to wait (‫ ه‬on s.o.); to serve (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.);
sum‘atahū s.o.’s reputation) II to scratch ( to render a service (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ هـ‬to s.th.),
‫ هـ‬s.th.) j to maul, lacerate, tear to pieces ( stand up (‫ ه‬for s.o.) │ ‫ خدم الرض‬to till or
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to violate (‫ هـ‬the rules of decency, cultivate the soil; ‫خدمَه خدمَات كثيرة‬
s.o.’s honor, etc.); to ruin, sully, run down (kidamātin katīratan) he rendered him
(‫ سمعته‬sum‘atahū s.o.’s reputation) many services; ‫( خدم ركاب فلن‬rikāba) to be
at s.o.’s beck and call; ‫خدم مَصالح فلن‬
‫ خدش‬kadš pl. ‫ خدوش‬kudūš, ‫ اخداش‬akdāš
(maṣāliḥa) to serve s.o.’s interests; ‫خدم‬
scratch, scratch mark; graze, abrasion
‫( القداس‬quddāsa) to celebrate Mass (Chr.) II
‫ خدع‬kada‘a a to cheat (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ عن‬out of s.th.); to employ, hire (‫ ه‬s.o.), engage the
to deceive, mislead, dupe, gull (‫ ه‬s.o.); services (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to give work (‫ ه‬to s.o.),
pass. kudi‘a to be mistaken, be wrong (‫عن‬ provide work (‫ ه‬for) X to employ, hire,
about); to fail to see clearly (‫ عن‬with take on (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ل‬for s.th.), engage the
regard to), get the wrong impression (‫عن‬ services (‫ ل ه‬of s.o. for s.th.); to put in
of s.th.) III to cheat, dupe, deceive, take in operation, operate (‫ هـ‬e.g., a public utility);
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to try to deceive or double-cross (‫ه‬ to employ, use (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬for), make use,
s.o.) VII to let o.s. be deceived, be avail o.s. (‫ هـ‬of s.th., ‫ ل‬for a purpose)
deceived, deluded, misled (‫ ب‬by); to be
‫ خدم‬kadam servants, attendants
mistaken, be wrong
‫ خدمَة‬kidma pl. ‫ خدم‬kidam, -āt a service
‫ خدع‬kud‘a pl. ‫ خدع‬kuda‘, -āt deception,
(rendered); attendance, service; operation;
cheating, swindle
office, employment, occupation, job; work
‫ خدعة‬kuda‘a impostor, swindler, cheat, │ ‫في خدمَة شيء‬in the service of s.th.; ‫في‬
sharper ‫ خدمَتكم‬at your service; ‫خدم للحقيقة‬
‫ سوى خدع‬sawwā akda‘ahū to crush (kidmatan) in the interest of truth, for the
s.o.’s pride, humble s.o. sake of truth; ‫'( خدمَة عسكرية‬askarīya)
military service; ‫( الخدمَة الَجبارية‬ijbārīya)
‫ خديعة‬kadī‘a pl. ‫ خدائع‬kadā’i‘2 deception, conscription, compulsory service; ‫الخدمَة‬
deceit, betrayal, treachery, perfidy, ‫( السرية‬sirrīya) secret service (pol.); ‫خدمَة‬
trickery, imposture ‫ القداس‬k. al-quddās celebration of Mass
‫ خداع‬kaddā‘ impostor, swindler, (Chr.) 229
sharper, cheat, crook; deceptive, delusive ‫ خدام‬kaddām pl. ‫ ة‬manservant, servant,
‫ خيدع‬kaida‘ fata morgana, mirage attendant; woman servant, female
domestic servant, maid
‫ اخاديع‬akādi‘2 swindles, underhand
dealings, crooked practices; phantoms, ‫ خدام‬kadāma attendance, service;
phantasms, delusions employment, occupation, office, job
‫ مَخدع‬mika‘, mukda‘, makda‘ pl. ‫مَخادع‬ ‫ خدام‬kaddāma pl. -āt woman servant,
makādi2 small room, chamber, cabinet; female domestic servant, maid
bedchamber ‫ تخديم‬takdīm work, occupation or duty
‫ خداع‬kidā‘ deception, deceit, swindle, of an employment agent (‫ مَخدم‬mukaddim
imposture, betrayal, treachery, perfidy, see below) │ ‫ مَكتب التخديم‬maktab at-t. labor
trickery, duplicity office, employment bureau
‫ خداعي‬kidā‘ī deceitful, fraudulent; ‫ استخدام‬istikdām (putting into) operation;
deceptive, delusive, fallacious use, utilization; employment, hiring (of an
employee); service, occupation, position,
‫ مَخادع‬mukādi‘ swindler, impostor, job
cheat, sharper, crook
‫ خادم‬kādim pl. ‫ خدام‬kuddām, ‫خدمَة‬ ‫ خذل‬kidlān disappointment
kudama domestic servant, help; ‫ تختذل‬ta!:d4u.l fatigue, languor,
manservant; woman servant; employee; weakness, feebleness; relaxation,
attendant; waiter; deacon (Chr.) lessening of tension; disagreement,
‫ خادمَة‬kādima woman servant; female dissent, disunion
domestic servant, maid; woman attendant ‫ انخذال‬inkidāl forsakenness,
‫ خادمَية‬kādimīya status of a servant desertedness, abandonment; defeat
‫ مَخدوم‬makdūm pl. -ūn, ‫ مَخاديم‬makādīm2 ‫ خذل‬mutakādil languid, weak, exhausted,
master, employer spent, effete
‫ مَخدومَة‬makdūma mistress, lady (of the ‫ خذو‬X to submit, subject o.s.
house), woman employer ‫ استخذاء‬istikdā’ subservience,
‫ مَخدومَية‬makdūmīya status of the master submissiveness, servility
or employer ‫ مَستخذ‬mustakdin submissive, servile,
‫ مَخدم‬mukaddim pl. -ūn employment subservient, obedient
agent ‫ خر‬karra i (‫ خرير‬karīr) to murmur, bubble,
‫ مَستخدم‬mustakdim pl. -ūn employer; -- gurgle, purl (of running water); to ripple,
mustakdam (colloq. mustakdim) pl. -ūn trickle; to snore; -- (karr, 230 ‫ خرور‬kurūr)
employee, official to fall, fall down, drop; to sink to the
ground, prostrate o.s. │ ‫خر على الرض‬fall
‫ خدن‬III to befriend (‫ ه‬s.o.), make friends (‫ ه‬with
to the ground; ‫( خر بين يديه‬baina yadaihi)
s.o.); to associate socially (‫ ه‬with)
he prostrated himself before him; ‫خر تحت‬
‫ خدن‬kidn pl. ‫ اخدان‬akdān (intimate) ‫( قدمَيه‬taḥta qadmnaihi) he fell at hill feet
friend, companion, confidant
‫ خرير‬karīr purl, murmur, ripple (of water)
‫ خدين‬kadīn (intimate) friend,
‫ خرئ‬kari’a a (‫ خرء‬kar’) to evacuate the
companion, confidant
bowels, defecate
‫ خديو‬kidīw, ‫ خديوي‬kudaiwī khedive
‫ خرء‬kur’ and ‫ خراء‬karā’ excrement,
‫ خديوي‬kidīwī khedivial feces
‫ خذأ‬X to submit, subject o.s. ‫ خراسان‬kurāsān2 Khurasan (province in NE
‫ مَستخذئ‬mustakdi’ submissive, servile, Iran)
subservient, obedient 1
‫ خرب‬karaba i (karb) to destroy, wreck,
2
‫ خذروف‬kūdrūf pl. ‫ خذاريف‬kadārīf (spinning) demolish, shatter, devastate, lay waste (‫هـ‬
top s.th.); -- kariba a (‫ خراب‬karāb) to be or
become destroyed, ruined, waste, go to
‫ خذروفي‬kudrūfī turbinate, toplike ruin, fall apart, disintegrate II to devastate,
‫ خذف‬kadafa i (kadf) to hurl away (‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.) lay waste, destroy, wreck, demolish, ruin,
lay in ruins (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV = II; V to be or
‫ مَخذفة‬mikdafa sling, slingshot, catapult become destroyed, ruined, waste, go to
‫ خذل‬kadala u (kadl, ‫ خذلان‬kidlān) to leave, ruin, Call apart, disintegrate
abandon, forsake, desert, leave in the ‫ خرب‬karb destruction, devastation
lurch (‫ ه‬or ‫ عن‬s.o.); to stay behind; to
disappoint; pass. kudila to fail, suffer a ‫ خرب‬kurb hole; eye of a needle; anus
setback, meet with disappointment III to ‫ خرب‬karib destroyed, demolished,
leave, abandon, forsake, desert, leave in wrecked, devastated, waste; dilapidated,
the lurch (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to let up, flag, grow tumble-down, ramshackle; broken, ruined,
slack, languish, wane, decrease, fade, out of order
grow feeble VII to be left in the lurch; to
be helpless; to be defeated; to meet with ‫ خربة‬kirba pl. ‫ خرب‬kirab (site of)
disappointment ruins; ruin, disintegrating structure
‫ خربة‬karba, kurba irreligion, ‫ خرج‬karaja u (‫ خروج‬kurūj) to go out, walk out;
lawlessness to come out (‫ مَن‬of), emerge (‫ مَن‬from); to
drive or ride out, go out (in a vehicle); to
‫ خربة‬kurba pl. ‫ خرب‬kurab hole; eye of a
flow out, exude, effuse; to go away,
needle; anus
depart, leave, retire; to protrude, 231
‫ خربة‬kariba (site of) ruins project, stick out; to leave (‫ مَن‬s.th.); to
‫ خراب‬karàb ruin, ruination; state of dismount, alight, disembark (‫ مَن‬from), get
destruction or dilapidation; desolation; (pl. out, step out (‫ مَن‬of); to emanate, issue,
‫ اخربة‬akriba) (site of) ruins arise, originate, result (‫ مَن‬from); to draw
away, segregate, separate, secede, dissent (
‫ خرابة‬karāba pl. -āt, ‫ خرائب‬karā’ib2 ‫ عن‬from), disagree (‫ عن‬with); to deviate,
disintegrating structure, ruin, ruins depart (‫ عن‬from an arrangement, from a
‫ خربان‬karbān, kirbān destroyed, principle); to be an exception (‫ عن‬to); to
wrecked, demolished, devastated, waste; be outside a given subject (‫)عن‬, go beyond
ruined, broken, out of order a topic (‫)عن‬, exceed (‫ عن‬a topic); to be
alien (‫ عن‬to), be extraneous (‫ عن‬from), not
‫ تخريب‬takrīb pl. -āt devastation, to belong (‫ عن‬to), be not included (‫ عن‬in),
destruction, wrecking, demolition; have nothing to do with (‫ لَ يخرج عن ;)عن‬it
sabotage is limited to ..., it is nothing but ... ; to go
‫‘ عمل تخريبي‬amal takrībī act of sabotage forth (into battle); to attack (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.),
rise, fight (‫ على‬against); to rebel, revolt (
‫ خارب‬kārib annihilator, destroyer
‫ على‬against); to violate, break, infringe (
‫ مَخرب‬mukarrib pl. -ūn annihilator, ‫ على‬a rule, a regulation); ‫ خرج عليه ب‬to
destroyer; saboteur come up to s.o. with …, confront s.o. with
‫ مَخرب‬mukrib annihilator, destroyer ... ; to get out, bring out, take out (‫ ب‬s.o.);
to turn out, oust, dislodge (‫ ب‬s.o.); to lead
2
‫ خروب‬karrūb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬carob, locust; away, dissuade (‫ عن ب‬s.o. from); to find
carob bean, locust pod, St.-John’s-bread out, discover (‫ ب‬s.th.) │‫( خرج عن الخط‬kaṭṭ)
‫ خروبة‬karrūba pl. -āt kharouba, a dry measure to be derailed, run off the track (train) II to
(Eg.; = 1/16 291. = ‫ قدح‬l) move out, take out, dislodge (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫هـ‬
s.th.); to turn out, oust, expel, evict, drive
‫ خربش‬karbaša to scratch; to scrawl, scribble out (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to remove, eliminate (‫ه‬
‫ خربوش‬karbuš pl. ‫ خرابيش‬karābīš (syr.) s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to exclude, except (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
tent to train (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ في‬in a skill, and the like);
to educate, bring up (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distill (‫هـ‬
O ‫ مَخربشات‬mukarbašāt graffiti
s.th.); to pull out, extract (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ خربط‬karbaṭa to throw into disorder, gather, deduce, infer (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to explain,
disarrange, confuse (‫ هـ‬s.th.) interpret, expound, elucidate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV
‫ خربق‬karbaqa to perforate, riddle (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to to move out, take out, get out, bring out,
spoil, mar (‫ هـ‬s.th.) dislodge (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to unload (‫هـ‬
s.th.), disembark, detrain, etc. (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g.,
‫ خربق‬karbaq hellebore (bot.) troops); to turn out, oust (‫ ه‬s.o.); to emit,
‫ خرت‬karata u (kart) to pierce, bore, perforate ( send out (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., electric waves); to
‫ هـ‬s.th.), make a hole (‫ هـ‬in) stick out (‫ هـ‬e.g., the tongue); to fish out (
‫ هـ‬s.th. from the pocket); to bring out into
‫ خرت‬kurt, kart pl. ‫ اخرات‬akrāt, ‫خروت‬ the open, make public (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to remove,
kurūt hole; bore, drill hole; ring, eye, extract (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to eliminate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
eyelet expel, evict, exile, expatriate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫مَن‬
‫ حريت‬kirrīt experienced, practiced, from a country); to dismiss, fire, remove (‫ه‬
skilled; guide s.o., ‫ مَن‬from an office); ‫اخرجه مَن ثروته‬
(tarwatihī) to rob s.o. of his property,
‫ خرتيت‬kartīt rhinoceros dispossess, expropriate s.o.; to give off,
sound, emit (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a tone; said of a
musical instrument); to set forth, state, foray, sortie (‫ على‬against), attack,
express, utter, voice (‫ هـ‬an opinion); to assault (‫ على‬on) │ ‫( خروج عن الخط‬kaṭṭ)
break (‫ ريحا‬rīḥan wind); to educate, bring derailment (of a train)
up (‫ ه‬s.o.); to train (‫ ه‬s.o.); to stage, ‫ خريج‬kirrīj pl. -ūn graduate (of a school,
produce (‫ هـ‬a play; theat.); to bring out, college, or university) │ ‫مَؤتمر الخريجين‬
make, shoot (‫ رواية‬riwāyatan a film, said ‫ العرب‬mu’tamar al-k. al-‘arab Congress of
of a director); to except, exclude (‫ هـ‬s.th., Arab Graduates (a supra-national
‫ عن‬from); to pull out, extract (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to organization of university graduates
select (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be educated; to be advocating a unified Arab world)
trained (‫ في‬in a school, college, also ‫مَن; في‬
in a field); to graduate (‫ في‬from a school, ‫ مَخرج‬makraj pl. ‫ مَخارج‬makārij2 (place
from a college, also ‫ )مَن‬VI to part of) exit; way out (of a difficult situation),
company, separate; to disengage, outlet, escape, loophole, shift, dodge,
disassociate, withdraw from one another; excuse; articulation (of a sound); O
to cede, assign, transfer, make over (‫ل عن‬ cathode (el.) │‫ علم مَخارج الحروف‬phonetics
s.th. to s.o.) X to get out, move out, ‫ تخريج‬takrīj education, training (in
remove (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ مَن‬from); to take out, schools, colleges); raising, upbringing,
draw (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ مَن‬from); to pull out, extract rearing (of children); extraction;
(‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ مَن‬from); to mine, extract, derivation, deduction; interpretation,
recover (‫ هـ‬mineral resources); to win, exegesis
gain, make (‫ هـ‬a product, ‫ مَن‬from); to
copy, excerpt (A s.th., ‫ مَن‬from a book or ‫ اخراج‬ikrāj taking out, moving out,
document); to derive, draw, deduce, figure removal; unloading, disembarkment,
out, compute (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from); to elicit (‫هـ‬ detrainment; emission; moving, carting
s.th., e.g., astonishment, ‫ مَن‬from s.o.); to away, hauling off; evacuation; publication,
find out, discover (‫ هـ‬s.th.) publicizing, bringing before the public;
extraction, removal; elimination;
‫ خرج‬karj expenditure, outlay, dismissal, removal (from an office);
expense(s), costs; land tax; s.th. ousting, expulsion, eviction, expatriation,
appropriate or suitable, that which is s.o.’s banishment (from a country); excretion
due, which s.o. deserves, which s.o. needs; (biol.); finding out, discovery, figuring
(eg.) ration (food); (pl. ‫ خروجات‬kurūjāat) out; training, formation, education;
trimming; edge, edging, piping; pl. lace; direction, production, staging (motion
trimmings │‫ هذا خراجك‬that’s what you pictures, theater) │‫( تولى الَخراج‬tawallā) to
need, what you deserve; ‫ خرج المشنقة‬k. al- have the, direction (motion pictures,
mašnaqa one who deserves to be hanged theater); ‫ مَن اخراج‬... directed by (motion
‫ خرج‬kurj pl. ‫ خرجة‬kiraja saddlebag, picture)
portmanteau 232 ‫ تخرج‬takarruj graduation (from a
‫ خرجة‬karja pl. karajāt exit, departure; school or college)
protrusion, protuberance, projection, ‫ تخارج‬takāruj separation, disassociation,
salient part; (eg.) funeral disengagement, (mutual) withdrawal
‫ خراج‬karāj tax; kharaj, land tax (Isl. ‫ استخراج‬istikrāj taking out, moving out,
Law) pulling out, removal; withdrawing;
‫ خراجي‬karājī of or pertaining to land extraction, derivation, gaining (of
tax; of or pertaining to the taxed and industrial products, etc.), mining, recovery
cultivable area (of mineral resources); preparation of an
extract; excerpting, copying; deduction,
‫ خرج‬kurāj (coll.; n. un. ‫ة‬, pl. -āt) skin inference; solution (of a problem)
eruption; tumor, abscess
‫ خارج‬kārij outer, outside, outward,
‫ خروج‬kurūj exit; egression, emergence; exterior; external, foreign j outside,
departure; exodus; emigration; raid, exterior (n.); foreign country or countries;
quotient (arith.); karija (prep.) outside,
1
out of ‫ خارجا‬kārijan outside │‫خارجا عن‬ ‫ خرس‬karisa a (karas) to be dumb mute; to
outside of, apart from; ‫ في الخارج‬abroad, in become silent, keep silent, hold one’s
foreign countries; outside; ‫الى الخارج‬ tongue IV to silence, reduce to silence,
abroad, to foreign countries; to the gag (‫ ه‬s.o.)
outside, outward, out ‫ خرس‬karas dumbness, muteness
‫ الخارجة‬El Khārga (town in central ‫ اخرس‬akras2, f. ‫ خرساء‬karsā’2 pl. ‫خرس‬
Egypt, in Khārga oasis) kurs, ‫ خرسان‬kursān dumb, mute
‫ خارجي‬kārijī outer, out- (in compounds), ‫ خرسان‬karsān2 dumb, mute
outside, outward, exterior, external;
2
foreign; nonresident │‫‘( عيادة خارجية‬iyāda) ‫ خرسان‬karasān, ‫ خرسانة‬karasāna concrete
policlinic; ‫ وزارة خارجية‬ministry of foreign (béton) │O ‫( خرسانة مَسلحة‬musallaḥa)
(external) affairs, foreign ministry; ‫تلميذ‬ armored (or reinforced) concrete
‫( خارجي‬tilmīd) a student not living at a ‫ خرشوف‬kuršūf (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫خراشيف‬
boarding school, a day student karāšīf artichoke
‫ خوارج‬kawārij2 the Khawarij, Kharijites ‫ خرص‬karaṣa u (karṣ) to guess estimate (‫هـ‬
(the oldest religious sect of Islam); s.th.); to conjecture, surmise (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
dissenters, dissidents, backsliders, rebels form conjectures (‫ هـ‬about); to tell an
‫ مَخرج‬mukrij pl. -ūn (screen or stage) untruth, a falsehood, to lie V to fabricate
director lies (‫ على‬against s.o.); to raise false
accusations (‫ على‬against s.o.)
‫ مَخرج‬mukraj excerpt, extract (from a
book); ‫ مَخرجات‬excretions (biol.) 233 ‫ خرص‬kirṣ, kurṣ, pl. ‫ خرصان‬kirṣān,
kurṣān earring
‫ مَتخرج‬mutakarrij pl. -ūn graduate (‫ في‬or
‫ مَن‬of a school or college) ‫ خراص‬karrāṣ pl. -ūn Ii&!', slanderer,
calumniator
‫ مَستخرج‬mustakraj pl. -āt extract;
excerpt (‫ مَن‬from), partial copy (‫ مَن‬of) ‫ خرط‬karaṭa u i (karṭ) to pull off, strip (‫ هـ‬leaves
from a tree); to turn, lathe, shape with a
‫ خرخر‬karkara to snore lathe (‫ هـ‬wood, metal); to exaggerate,
1
‫ خرد‬karida a to be a virgin, be untouched, boast, brag, lie; -- u (eg.) to cut into small
innocent, chaste pieces; to mince, chop, dice (‫ هـ‬meat,
‫ خريدة‬karida pl. ‫ خرائد‬karā’id2, ‫خرد‬ carrots, etc.) II (eg.) to cut into small
pieces, mince, chop (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VII to be
kurud virgin; unbored pearl
turned. be lathed. be shaped with a lathe;
2
‫ خردة‬kurda scrap metal, scrap iron; pl. ‫خردوات‬ to join, enter (‫ في سلك‬,‫ في‬fī silk an
kardawāt notions, smallwares; small organization, a community), affiliate ( ,‫في‬
goods, smalls, miscellaneous small ‫ في سلك‬with an organization, a
articles; (eg. also) novelties, fancy goods community); to penetrate (‫ في‬s.th. or into);
for ladies to plunge headlong (‫ في‬into), embark
‫ خردجي‬kurdajī dealer in miscellaneous rashly (‫ في‬upon); to labor, slave, toil │‫انخر‬
smallwares ‫( ط في البكاء‬bukā’) to break into tears

‫ خردق‬kurdaq, kurduq small shot, buckshot ‫ خرط‬karṭ pulling-off (of leaves); ‫دون ذلك‬
‫ خرط القتاد‬see ‫ دون‬turning, turnery
‫ خردل‬kardal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬mustard seeds;
mustard ‫ خراط‬karrāṭ pl. -ūn turner, lather;
braggart, bluffer, storyteller
‫ خرز‬karaza I u to pierce, bore (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ خراطة‬kirāṭa turner’s trade, turnery, art
‫ خرز‬karaz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pearls of turning
‫ مَخرز‬mikraz pl. ‫ مَخارز‬makāriz2 awl; ‫ خراطة‬karrāta skirt (syr.)
punch
‫ خريطة‬karīṭa pl. ‫ خرائط‬karā’iṭ, ‫خرط‬
‫ مَخراز‬mikrāz awl; punch kuruṭ map, chart
‫ مَخرطة‬mikraṭa, makraṭa pl. ‫مَخارط‬ ‫ خرافي‬kurāfī fabulous, fictitious,
makāriṭ2 lathe legendary
‫ خارطة‬kāriṭa pl. -āt map, chart ‫ مَخرفة‬makrafa prattle, drivel, twaddle,
bosh
‫ مَخروط‬makrūṭ cone (math.); conic 234
‫ تخريف‬takrīf folly, delusion; foolish
‫ مَخروطي‬makrūṭī conic
talk, drivel, twaddle, bosh, buncombe
‫ خرطوش‬karṭūš, ‫ خرطوشة‬karṭūša pl. ‫خراطيش‬
‫ مَخرف‬mukarrif childish, foolish; (pl.
karāṭīš 2 cartridge; lead (of a pencil);
-ūn) prattler, chatterbox, windbag;
cartouche (arch.); daybook
charlatan
‫ خرطال‬karṭāl oats
‫ خرفش‬kartaša to shuffle, mix (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ خرطوم‬karṭūm pl. ‫ خراطيم‬karāṭīm2 proboscis,
‫ خرفوشة‬karfūša pl. ‫ خرافيش‬karāfīš2 card
trunk (of the elephant); hose
of low value, discard (in card playing)
‫ الخرطوم‬al-karṭūm Khartoum (capital of
‫ خرق‬karaqa I u (karq) to tear, rend, tear apart (
the Sudanese Republic)
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make a hole (‫ هـ‬in); to
‫ خراطين‬karāṭīn2 a kind of earthworm perforate, pierce, bore (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ خراطيني‬karāṭīnī wormlike, vermiform penetrate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), break, pass (‫ هـ‬through
s.th.); to traverse, cross, transit (‫ هـ‬s.th., a
‫ خرطيط‬karṭīṭ rhinoceros country); to violate, impair, infringe (‫هـ‬
‫ خرع‬karu‘a u (kur‘, ‫ خراعة‬kurā‘a) and kari‘a a s.th.), encroach (‫ هـ‬upon); to break (‫ هـ‬a
(kara‘) to droop, be or become slack, vow, and the like), commit a breach of (
limp, flabby; to be or become languid, ‫ ;)هـ‬to exceed the ordinary, be unusual,
soft, spineless, yielding VII do. VIII to extraordinary, unprecedented, unheard-of
invent, devise, contrive (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to create. │‫ خرق العادة‬to go beyond what is ordinary
originate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) or customary IV to lurk, lie in wait V and
VII to be torn, be rent, be pierced, be
‫ خرع‬kari‘ and ‫ خريع‬karī‘ soft, languid, broken VIII to pierce (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cut,
yielding, spineless, devoid of energy, break, pass' (‫ هـ‬through s.th.), penetrate (‫هـ‬
nerveless s.th.); to traverse, cross, transit (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
‫ خروع‬kirwa‘ castor-oil plant, palma travel through s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to exceed (‫ هـ‬e.g.,
Christi (Ricinus communis; bot.) a limit), go beyond s.th. (‫اخترق مَسامَعه│ )هـ‬
(masāmi‘ahū) to shrill in s.o.’s ears
‫ اختراع‬iktirā‘ pl. -āt invention
‫ خرق‬karq tearing, rending, laceration; piercing,
‫ مَخترع‬muktari‘ pl. -ūn inventor
boring, perforation; penetration;
‫ مَخترع‬muktara‘ pl. -at invention disruption; breakthrough; traversion,
‫ خرف‬karifa a (karaf) to dote, be senile and crossing, transit; violation, breach; (pl. ‫خر‬
feeble-minded; to drivel, talk foolishly ‫ وق‬kurūq) hole, aperture, opening │ ‫خرق‬
‫ المَن مَن العام‬k. al-amn al-‘āmm violation of
‫ خرف‬karaf feeble-mindedness, dotage, public security; ‫ خرق العادة‬offense against
senility; childishness (of an old man) common usage, violation of mores; ‫اتسع‬
‫ خرف‬karif and ‫ خرفان‬karfān feeble- ‫( الخرق على الراقع‬ittasa‘a) the rent is beyond
minded, doting; childish; dotard repair 235
‫ خريف‬karīf autumn, fall ‫ خرق‬kurq and ‫ خرقة‬kurqa awkwardness,
clumsiness; stupidity │ ‫( خرق في الرأي‬ra’y)
‫ خريفي‬karīfī autumnal stupidity; folly, madness; ‫مَن الخرق في الرأي‬
‫ خروف‬karūf pl. ‫ خراف‬kirāf, ‫ اخرفة‬akrifa, ‫ ان‬... it would be very unwise to ...
‫ خرفان‬kirfān young sheep, lamb, yearling; ‫ خرقة‬kirqa pl. ‫ خرق‬kiraq tatter, shred;
wether rag; scrap (of paper); polishing cloth;
‫ خرافة‬kurāfa pl. -āt superstition; fable, eraser (cloth)
fairy tale
‫ اخرق‬akraq2 f. ‫ خرقاء‬karqā’2, pl. ‫خرق‬ ‫ خرمَاشة‬kurmāša pl. -āt (ir.) harrow
kurq clumsy, awkward; stupid; irregular; ‫ خرنوب‬kurnūb carob, locust; carob bean, locust
illegal, illicit, unlawful pod, St.-John’s-bread
‫ مَخرقة‬makraqa trickery, sleight of hand, ‫ خرنق‬kirniq pl. ‫ خرانق‬karāniq2 young hare,
legerdemain, hocus-pocus, swindle leveret
‫ مَخارق‬makāriq2 a kind of pastry (tun.) ‫ خروع‬kirwa‘ castor-oil plant, palma Christi
‫ اختراق‬iktirāq penetration; piercing, (Ricinus communis; bot.)
disruption; traversion, crossing, transit 1
‫ خز‬kazza u to pierce, transfix (‫ ه‬s.o.); to stab (
‫ خارق‬kāriq and (‫ للعادة‬or) ‫خارق العادة‬ ‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬with) VIII to pierce, transfix (‫ه‬
exceeding the customary, unusual, s.o., ‫ ب‬with)
extraordinary, unprecedented, unheard-of; 2
‫ خز‬pl. ‫ خزوز‬kuzūz silk fabric
pl. ‫ خوارق‬kawāriq2 preternatural
1
phenomena. miracles; that which ‫ خزر‬kazara uto look askance (‫ ه‬at s.o.), give
transcends the conceivable or the rational s.o. (‫ )ه‬a sidelong glance
│ ‫ خارق الطبيعة‬supernatural; ‫خوارق المصادفات‬ 2
‫ بحر الخزر‬baḥr al-kazar the Caspian Sea
k. al-muṣādafāt miraculous coincidences
‫ خيزران‬kaizurān pl. ‫ خيازر‬kayāzir2 cane, reed;
‫ مَخترق‬muktaraq passage, passageway rattan; bamboo
‫ خرم‬karama i (karm) and II to pierce (‫ هـ‬s.th.), ‫ خيزرانة‬kaizurāna cane, stick
make a hole or holes (‫ هـ‬in); to perforate (
‫ هـ‬s.th.) VII to be pierced, be riddled, be ‫ خزع‬kaza‘a a (kaz‘) to cut, sever (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
torn; to be deranged, unsettled, ‫ خزعبل‬kuza‘bal idle talk, bosh
disorganized; to come to an end, run out,
peter out, get lost VIII to destroy, ‫ خزعبل‬kuza‘bala pl. -āt idle talk, bosh; joke,
annihilate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to carry off, carry away jest, hoax; fib, yarn; cock and bull story
(‫ ه‬s.o., of death); to break (‫ الصفوف‬the 236
ranks), pass through s.th. (‫)هـ‬ ‫ خزف‬kazaf pottery, earthenware; porcelain,
‫ خرم‬karm pl. ‫ خروم‬kurūm gap, blank china; ceramics
(e.g., in a manuscript, or the like) ‫ خزفي‬kazafī (made of) porcelain;
‫ خرم‬kurm hole │ ‫ خرم الَبرة‬k. al-ibra eye porcelaneous, porcelain, china (adj.)
of the needle ‫ خزاف‬kazzāf dealer in chinaware; potter
‫ خرامَة‬karāma drill, bit, auger, gimlet; ‫ خزافة‬kizāfa potter’s trade, pottery
punch, perforator
‫ خزق‬kazaqa i to pierce, stab, transfix (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
‫ خرم‬akram2 having a perforated nasal s.th.); to drive, ram ‫ هـ في الرض‬s.th. into
septum the ground); to tear, rend, rip apart (‫هـ‬
‫ تخريم‬takrīm piercing, boring, drilling; s.th.) II to tear, rend, rip apart (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V
perforation; punching; lace-making, lace- and VII pass of I and II
work ‫ خزق‬kazq rip, rent, tear, hole (in a garment)
‫ تخريمة‬takrīma lace, lace-work, ‫ خازوق‬kāzūq pl. ‫ خوازق‬kawāziq2 post, stake,
openwork, filigree pole; dirty trick │‫ هذا خازوق‬that’s tough
‫ انخرام‬inkirām state of unsettlement, luck!
disturbance, disorganization, derangement 2
‫ خوزق‬look up alphabetically
│‫( انخرام في التوازن‬tawāzun) disturbance of
‫ خزل‬kazala i (kazl) to cut off, sever (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
equilibrium
hinder, prevent, hold back, restrain, keep (
‫ مَخروم‬makrūm defective, incomplete ‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ عن‬from) VIII to cut off, cut short,
(e.g., a manuscript) end abruptly (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to shorten, abridge,
‫ مَخرم‬mukarram perforated; done in abbreviate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stand alone (‫ ب‬with
openwork, in filigree an opinion)
‫ اختزال‬iktizāl abridgment, abbreviation; ‫ مَخزن‬makzan pl. ‫ مَخازن‬makāzin2
shorthand, stenography storeroom, storehouse; depository; stock-
room, storage room; depot, magazine,
‫ مَختزل‬muktazil stenographer
warehouse; store, shop, department store;
‫ خزم‬kazama i (kazm) to string, thread (‫هـ‬ ‫ المخزن‬al-makzan the Makhzan, the
pearls) │ ‫( خزم انفه‬anfahū) to pierce the Moroccan government (formerly:
nasal septum (of a camel) and insert the govemmental finance department; Mor.)
nose ring for the bridle; to make s.o. │ ‫ مَخزن ادوية‬m. adwiya drugstore; ‫مَخزن‬
subservient to one’s will ‫ الَصدار‬m. al-iṣdār shipping room (com.);
‫ خزام‬kizām, ‫ خزامَة‬kizāma pl. ‫خزائم‬ ‫ مَخزن العفش‬m. al-‘afš trunk (of an
kazā’im2 nose ring automobile) 237

‫ خزامَى‬kuzāmā lavender (bot.) ‫ مَخزني‬makzanī being under government


control or administration. belonging to the
‫ خزن‬kazana u (kazn) to store, stock, lay up, government (Mor.) │‫( امَلك مَخزنية‬amlāk)
hoard, amass, accumulate; to keep secret, government land (Mor.)
keep (‫ هـ‬a secret) II and VIII to store,
stock, lay up, warehouse (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to store ‫ مَخازني‬makāzinī pl. -īya native
up, accumulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to dam (‫ هـ‬s.th.); gendarme (Mor.)
to put in safekeeping, keep (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ مَخازن‬makāzin2, ‫ مَخازن الطريق‬m. aṭ-ṭarīq
‫ خزن‬kazn storing; accumulation, the nearest, shortest way, a short cut
hoarding, amassing; storage, warehousing ‫ مَخزنجي‬makzanjī storehouseman,
‫ خزنة‬kazna treasure house; safe, coffer, warehouseman
vault; wardrobe, locker; cupboard ‫ خزندار‬kazandār, kaznadār treasurer
‫ خزانة‬kizāna pl. -āt, ‫ خزائن‬kazā’in2 ‫ تخزين‬takzīn storage, storing,
treasure house; vault, coffer, safe; warehousing; storing up, accumulation;
treasury, treasury department (of an damming
official agency), any office for the deposit
‫ خازن‬kāzin pl. ‫ خزنة‬kazana, ‫ خزان‬kuzzān
and disbursement of funds; locker,
treasurer
wardrobe, closet; cupboard; library │ ‫خزانة‬
‫ الدولة‬k. ad-daula and ‫‘( خزانة عامَة‬āmma) ‫ مَخزون‬makzūn stored, stored up,
public treasury, exchequer; ‫ خزانة الثلج‬k. at- deposited, warehoused; (pl. -āt) stock,
talj icebox, refrigerator; ‫ خزانة الكتب‬k. al- supply, stock in trade
kutub bookcase; library; ‫خزانة خصوصية‬ ‫ خزي‬kaziya a (kizy, kazan) to be or become
(kuṣūṣīya) private library; ‫خزانة الملبس‬ base, vile, despicable, contemptible; (‫خزاية‬
wardrobe, closet, locker kazāya) to be ashamed (‫ مَن‬of); -- kazā i to
‫ خزينة‬kazīna pl. ‫ خزائن‬kazā’in2 treasure disgrace, dishonor, discredit, put to shame
house; public treasury, exchequer; (‫ ه‬s.o.); to shame, abash, embarrass (‫ ه‬s.o.)
treasury, treasury department (of an IV to humiliate, degrade, dishonor (‫ ه‬s.o.);
official agency), any office for the deposit to shame, put to shame (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to be
and disbursement of funds; cashier’s ashamed
office; vault, coffer, safe; cashbox, till (of ‫ خزى‬kizy, kazan shame, disgrace,
a merchant) │ ‫( الخزينة الخاصة‬kāṣṣa) ignominy │‫ !يا للخزى‬yā la-l-kazā what a
(formerly) the Royal Privy Purse (Ir.); shame!
‫ خزينة الدولة‬k. ad-daula public treasury,
exchequer; ‫ خزينة نقود راصدة‬,‫خزينة راصدة‬ ‫ خزيان‬kazayān2 f. ‫ خزيا‬kazyā, pl. ‫خزايا‬
cash register kazāya ashamed, shamefaced, abashed;
shameful, disgraceful, scandalous,
‫ خزان‬kuzzān pl. -āt, ‫ خزازين‬kazāzīn2 infamous, base, mean, vile
dam; reservoir; basin, sump, pool; storage
tank (also for oil); - (pl. -ūn) ‫ مَخزاة‬makzāh pl. ‫ مَخاز‬makāzin a
storehouseman, warehouseman shameful thing, a disgrace; reason for
shame; pl. shameful things, disgraceful IV to cause a loss (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to shorten, cut,
acts, infamies reduce (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to grudge (‫ على‬or ‫في‬
s.o., s.th.), envy s.o. (‫ على‬or ‫ )في‬the
‫ مَخزي‬makzīy ashamed, shamefaced,
possession of (‫)هـ‬
abashed; embarrassed, confused; ‫المخزي‬
the Devil ‫ خسر‬kur loss, damage
‫ مَخز‬mukzin disgraceful, shameful, ‫ خسران‬kusrān loss, damage, forfeiture;
scandalous, infamous decline, deterioration; depravity,
profligacy
‫ مَخزية‬mukziya pl. -at disgraceful act,
infamy ‫ خسارة‬kasāra pl. ‫ خسائر‬kasā’ir2 loss,
damage; pl. losses, casualties (‫ في‬in; mil.)
‫ خس‬kassa (1st pers. perf. kasistu) a (‫ خسة‬kissa,
│ ‫ يا خسارة‬what a pity! too bad!
‫ خساسة‬kasāsa) to be mean, base, vile; to
become less, decrease, diminish, ‫ خسران‬kusrān (eg.) loser; affected by
depreciate, fall in value; -- kassa u to damage or loss
lessen, reduce, diminish (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to ‫ خاسر‬kāsir lost, hopeless; involving
lessen, reduce, diminish (‫ هـ‬s.th.) substantial losses; loser; depraved,
‫ خس‬kass lettuce (Lactuca sativa; bot.) corrupted; profligate, disreputable person,
scoundrel
‫ خس‬kassa (n. un.) head of lettuce
‫ مَخسر‬mukassir causing damage,
‫ خس‬kissa and ‫ خساسة‬kasāsa meanness,
harmful, noxious, injurious, detrimental
baseness, vileness
‫ خسف‬kašafa i (kasf, ‫ خسوف‬kusūf) to sink, sink
‫ خسيس‬kasīs pl. ‫ اخساء‬akissā’2 mean,
down, give way, cave in, disappear, go
base, low, vile, despicable, contemptible,
down; to be eclipsed (moon); -- i (kasf) to
miserable
cause to sink, cause to give way │ ‫خسف ا‬
‫ خسيسة‬kasīsa pl. ‫ خسائس‬kasā’is mean ‫ به الرض‬k. llāh bihī l-arḍa God made him
trick, infamy sink into the ground, God made the
‫ خسأ‬kasa’a a (kas’) to chase away (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ground swallow him up VII to sink, sink
‫ خسئ‬kasi’a a to be driven away, make off down, go down
│‫ خسئت‬kasi’ta beat it! scram! ‫ اخسأ اليك‬iksa’ ‫ خسف‬kasf baseness, ignominy, disgrace,
ilaika do. shame; inferiority │ ‫ سام خسفا‬sāma kasfan
‫ اخسأ‬aksa’2 baser, meaner, more to humiliate, abase, degrade (.s.o.)
despicable; weaker ‫ خسوف‬kusūf occultation (astron.); lunar
‫ خاسئ‬kāsi’ spurned, rejected, outcast; eclipse
low, base, vulgar, despicable, ‫ خش‬kašša i u (kašš) to enter (‫ في‬s.th.)
contemptible; disgraceful, shameful,
‫ خشاش‬kišāš vermin, insects
scandalous, infamous; futile, vain
(attempt); weak, feeble, languid ‫ خشب‬II to lignify, become woody or woodlike;
to line, face or cue with wood, to panel,
‫ خستكة‬kastaka indisposition
wainscot (8 ‫هـ‬.tb.) V to lignify, become
‫ مَخستك‬mukastak indisposed, unwell, woody or woodlike; to become bard, still,
sickly firm, rigid; to stiffen, freeze (e.g., with
‫ خسر‬kasara a (kusr, ‫ خسار‬kasār, ‫ خسارة‬kasāra, panic)
‫ خسران‬kusrān) to incur a loss, suffer ‫ خشب‬kašab pl. ‫ خشب‬akšāb wood,
damage; to lose, forfeit (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to go lumber, timber │‫ خشب النبياء‬k. al-anbiyā’
astray, lose one’s way, get lost; to perish II guaiacum wood, lignum vitae
to cause loss or damage (‫ هـ‬to s.o.); to do
‫ خشبة‬kašaba pl. –āt, ‫ اخشاب‬akšāb piece
harm (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to destroy, 238 ruin (‫هـ‬
of wood; a timber; pale, post; plank, board
s.o.); to corrupt, deprave (‫ ه‬s.o.)
│‫ خشب الميت‬al-mayyit coffin; ‫خشبة المسرح‬
al-masraḥ stage (of a theater), ‫على خشبة‬ display rough, rude, or coarse, manners; to
‫ المسرح‬on the “boards” be rough, uneven; to lead as rough life XII
‫ اخشوشن‬ikšaušana to be rough, coarse,
‫ خشبي‬kašabī wooden, woody, ligneous,
crude; to lead a rough life
made of wood; timber-, lumber- (in
compounds) ‫ خشن‬kašin pl. ‫ خشان‬kišān rough, crude;
coarse (as opposed to ‫ ناعم‬nā‘im); rude,
‫ خشاب‬kaššāb pl. ‫ ة‬lumber merchant
unpolished, uncouth; tough, harsh (life);
‫ تخشيب‬takšīb paneling, wainscoting hoarse, raucous (voice) │‫ خشن اللمس‬k. al-
‫ تخشيبة‬takšība pl. -āt, ‫ تخاشيب‬takāšīib2 lams coarse to the touch, rough, uneven,
barrack, wooden shed wrinkled; ‫ خشن الخلق‬k. al-kulq uncouth,
boorish; ‫ خشن القشرة‬k. al-qišra thick-
‫ تخشب‬takaššub stiffness, rigor, rigidity; shelled; ‫( الجنس الخشن‬jins) the strong sex
stiffening
‫ اخشن‬akšan2, f. ‫ خشناء‬kašnā’2, pl. ‫خشن‬
‫ مَتخشب‬mutakaššib frozen, rigid; stiff, kušn rough, tough, harsh, rude, uncouth
bard, firm
‫ الخشناء‬al-kašnā’ the vulgar, uneducated
‫ خشت‬kušt pl. ‫ خشوت‬kušūt javelin people
1
‫ خشخاش‬kaškāš (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫خشاخيش‬ ‫ خشونة‬kušūna roughness, coarseness;
kašākīš2 poppy crudeness; rudeness
‫ خشخش‬kaškša to clank, clatter, rattle; to rustle ‫ خشي‬kašiya a (kašy, ‫ خشية‬kašya) to fear, dread (
‫ خشخشة‬kaškaša pl. -āt noise; clank, ‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬for s.o. or s.th.), be
clatter, rattle; rustle, rustling; crash afraid (‫ ه‬of) II to frighten, scare, terrify,
alarm (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I; VIII to be
(‫ خشخشية )= شخشيخة‬rattle (toy) embarrassed; to be ashamed
‫ خشارة‬kušāra leftover (of a meal); offal, refuse; ‫ خشية‬kašya fear, anxiety, apprehension
a discard, a worthless thing │‫ خشية مَن‬kašyatan min for fear of
‫ خشع‬kaša‘a a (‫ خشوع‬kušū‘) to be submissive, ‫ اخشى‬akšā more timorous, more fearful;
be humble; to humble o.s.; to fade (voice) more to be feared. more frightening
│ ‫( خشع ببصره‬baṣarihī) to lower one’s eyes
II to humble, reduce to submission (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ خشيان‬kašyān2. f. ‫ خشيا‬kaāyā, pl. ‫خشايا‬
V to display humility; to be humble; to be timorous, timid, anxious, apprehensive
moved, be touched ‫ خاش‬kāšin timorous, timid, anxious,
‫ خشوع‬kušū‘ submissiveness, apprehensive
submission, humility ‫ خص‬kašša u to distinguish, favor (especially,
‫ خاشع‬kaši‘ pl. ‫ خشعة‬kaša‘a submissive, before others), single out (‫ ه‬s.o.), bestow
humble 239 special honors (‫ ه‬upon s.o., in preference
to others); to endow (‫ ب‬s.o. with), confer,
‫ خشاف‬kušāf various fruits, stewed and waked bestow (‫ ب‬upon s.o. s.th.); to apportion,
in syrup or rose water, compote allot, assign, accord, give, dedicate,
‫ خشكار‬kuškār coarsely ground grain, grits devote (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th., in preference to
others); with ‫ لنفسه‬to take possession (‫هـ‬
‫ خشكريشة‬kaškarīša scab, slough, scurf
of), demand (‫ هـ‬s.th.; also ‫خص به نفسه‬
‫ خشم‬II to intoxicate, make drunk (‫ ه‬s.o.) nafsahū); to be specifically associated (‫ه‬
‫ خشم‬kašm nose; mouth; vent, outlet with s.o.), be characteristic (‫ ه‬of s.o.), be
peculiar (‫ ه‬to); to apply in particular (‫هـ‬
‫ خيشوم‬kaišūm pl. ‫ خياشم‬kayāšim2 nose; to), be especially valid (‫ هـ‬for); to concern,
gills; also pl. ‫ خياشيم‬nose regard (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.), have special
‫ خشن‬kašuna u (‫ )خشونة‬to be rough, coarse, relevance (‫ هـ‬to), bear (‫ هـ‬on) │‫خصه بعنايته‬
crude; to be raw, uncut, unpolished II to (bi-‘ināyatihī) to devote one’s attention to
roughen, coarsen, make crude (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III s.o., favor s.o. with one’s attention; ‫خصه‬
to be rude, uncivil, boorish (‫ ه‬to s.o.) V to ‫( بالذكر‬bi-d-dikr) to make special mention
of s.o. or s.th.; ‫( واخص مَنهم‬akuṣṣu) I ‫ خصيصا‬kiṣṣīṣan particularly, especially,
mention, among them, especially (with specifically
foll. acc.); ‫ هذا لَ يخصني‬this does not ‫ خصوص‬kuṣūṣ specialness; ‫خصوصا‬
concern me, this is none of my business II kuṣūṣan especially, in particular,
to specify, particularize, itemize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); specifically │‫ في خصوص‬,‫ بخصوص‬and ‫مَن‬
to specialize (‫ هـ‬s.th.), narrow, restrict (‫ل هـ‬ ‫( خصوص‬with foll. genit.) as to,
s.th. to); to designate, destine, set aside, concerning, regarding, with respect to, as
earmark, single out (‫ ل هـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. regards; ‫ بهذا الخصوص‬and ‫ مَن هذا الخصوص‬in
for a purpose); to devote in particular, this connection, in this matter, in this
dedicate, assign (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to); to allocate, respect, about this, concerning this; ‫على‬
allot, apportion (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to); to ‫ الخصوص‬and ‫( على وجه الخصوص‬wajhi l-k.)
appropriate (‫ ل هـ‬funds for); to reserve, especially, particularly, in particular,
held, withhold (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. for); to tie down ( specifically
‫ ب ه‬s.o. to a special field) V to specialize (
‫ ل‬in, also ‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in a scientific field); to ‫ خصوصي‬kuṣūṣī; special; private,
devote all one’s attention (‫ ل‬to s.th.); to personal
apply o.s. (‫ ل‬to), go in for s.th. (‫ ;)ل‬to be ‫ خصاصة‬kaṣāṣa poverty, penury,
peculiar (‫ ب‬to); to be chosen, destined, privation, destitution, want
earmarked (‫ ل‬for) VIII to distinguish,
favor (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), confer distinction ( ‫ب‬ ‫ اخص‬akaṣṣ2 more special, more
‫ ه‬upon s.o. by); to devote, give, accord, specific │‫ على الخص‬especially; ‫في الخص‬
afford (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th., in preference to do.
others); to dedicate (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th., e.g., ‫ اخصاء‬akiṣṣā’2 intimate friends,
one’s services); (with ‫ )لنفسه‬to take confidante
exclusive possession (‫ هـ‬of), claim,
demand (‫ هـ‬s.th.), lay special claim (‫ هـ‬to; ‫ اخصائي‬ikṣā’ī see 2‫خصى‬
also ‫ اختص به نفسه‬nafsahu); to be ‫ تخصيص‬takṣīṣ specialization;
distinguished, be marked (‫ ب‬by); to specification, particularization,
possess alone, in distinction from all itemization; designation, destination (for a
others, have above others (‫ ب‬s.th.), have purpose); allotment, apportionment,
the advantage over others (‫ ب‬that); to be allocation; reservation; (pl. -āt)
peculiar (‫ ب‬to); to concern, regard (‫ب‬ appropriation, financial allocation; credit
s.th.), bear (‫ ب‬on); to be pertinent, have │‫ على تخصيص‬and ‫على وجه التخصيص‬
relevance (‫ ب‬to), have to do (‫ ب‬with); to specifically
be duly qualified, be competent, have
‫ تخصص‬takaṣṣuṣ specialization (esp., in
jurisdiction (‫ ب‬in; e.g., an authority); to
a scientific field)
have as a special function or task (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ اختصاص‬iktiṣāṣ pl. -āt jurisdiction,
‫ خص‬lettuce (bot.)
competence; special province or domain,
‫ خص‬kuṣṣ pl. ‫ خصاص‬kiṣāṣ, ‫اخصاص‬ bailiwick (fig.); pl. prerogatives,
akṣāṣ, ‫ خصوص‬kuṣūṣ, hut, shack, shanty, privileges, monopolies; concessions
hovel (Intern. Law); ‫ ( ذو )ذات( الَختصاص‬duly
‫ خصة‬kaṣṣa jet of water qualified, authorized, responsible,
competent; ‫ دائرة الَختصاص‬scope of
‫ خصاص‬kaṣāṣ interstice, interval, competence, sphere of authority,
crevice, crack, gap jurisdiction, province, domain, field
‫ خصاصة‬kaṣāṣa crevice, crack, interval, ‫ اختصاصي‬iktiṣāṣī pl. -ūn specialist
gap
‫ خاص‬kaṣṣ special, particular; specific,
‫ خصيصة‬kaṣīṣa pl. ‫ خصائص‬kaṣā’iṣ2 peculiar; relative, relevant, pertinent (‫ب‬
special characteristic or quality, specialty, to), concerning (‫ ب‬s.th.); earmarked,
particularity, peculiarity Designated, destined, set aside (‫ ب‬for);
especially valid or true (‫ ب‬for), especially
applicable (‫ ب‬to), characteristic (‫ ب‬of);
distinguished; private; exclusive, not ‫ اخصاب‬ikṣāb fertility
public │‫ جريدة خاصة ب‬professional journal ‫ مَخصبات‬mukaṣṣibāt fertilizers
for ...; ‫‘( الخاص والعام‬āmm) the special and
the general; high and low, all people; ‫ مَخصب‬mukṣib fertile, productive, fat
‫ الطبيب الخاص‬physician in ordinary 241 ‫ خصر‬kaṣira a (kaṣar) to become cold; to suffer
2
‫ خاصة‬kāṣṣa pl. ‫ خواص‬kawāṣ exclusive from the cold III to clasp (‫ ه‬s.o.) around
property; private possession; specialty, the waist, put one’s arm around s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
particularity, peculiarity, characteristic, waist VIII to shorten, condense, abridge,
property, attribute; essence, intrinsic epitomize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to summarize (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
nature; leading personalities, people of ‫ خصر‬kaṣr pl. ‫ خصور‬kuṣūr hip, haunch,
distinction, ‫ الخاصة‬the upper class, the waist
educated; kāṣṣatan and ‫ بخاصة‬bi-kāṣṣatin
especially, in particular │‫ في خاصة انفسهم‬fī ‫ مَخصرة‬mikṣara pl. ‫ مَخاصر‬makāṣir2
k. anfusihim at the bottom of their hearts, stick, baton, wand; mace, scepter
deep inside ‫ اختصار‬iktiṣār shortening, condensation,
‫ خاصية‬kāṣṣīya pl. -āt, ‫ خصائص‬kaṣā’iṣ 2 abridgment, summarization, epitomizing
specialty, particularity, characteristic, (of a statement); brevity │‫ بالَختصار‬and ‫باخ‬
peculiarity, property, special attribute, ‫ تصار‬briefly, in short, in a few words
feature, trait, qualification; prerogative, ‫ مَختصر‬muktaṣar shortened, condensed,
privilege; jurisdiction, competence abridged; brief, short; concise, terse,
‫ خويصة‬kuwaṣṣa (dimin. of ‫ )خاصة‬one’s succinct; (pl. -āt) short excerpt, brief
own business, private affair │ ‫يدخل في‬ exposition, synopsis, outline, summary,
‫ خويصة امَري‬he meddles in my private abstract, epitome, compendium
affairs ‫ خاصرة‬kāṣira pl. ‫ خواصر‬kawāṣir2 hip,
‫ مَخصوص‬makṣūṣ special haunch, waist │ ‫( شوكة في خاصرته‬šauka) a
thorn in his side
‫ مَخصص‬mukaṣṣaṣ chosen, set aside,
earmarked, designated, destined (‫ ل‬for); ‫ خصف‬kaṣafa i (kaṣf) to mend, repair, sew (‫ هـ‬a
allotted, apportioned, allocated; -- pl. ‫مَخص‬ shoe)
‫( صات‬financial) allocations; ‫ خصفة‬kaṣfa pl. ‫ خصاف‬kiṣāf basket
appropriations, credits; (daily) allowance; (made of palm leaves)
(food) rations │ ‫( مَخصصات اضافية‬iḍāfīya)
extra allowances; ‫ مَخصصات الملك‬m. al- ‫ خصلة‬kuṣla pl. ‫ خصل‬kuṣal, -āt tuft; bunch,
malik civil list cluster; lock, wisp (of hair)

‫ مَختص‬muktaṣṣ pertaining, pertinent, ‫ خصلة‬kaṣla pl. ‫ خصال‬kiṣāl quality,


relevant, relative (‫ ب‬to); duly qualified, property, characteristic, peculiarity, trait;
authorized, responsible, competent; (natural) disposition
special; pl. ‫ مَختصات‬muktaṣṣāt ‫ خصم‬kaṣama i to defeat (‫ ه‬an opponent) in
competences │ ‫المقامَات المختصة‬the argument; to deduct, subtract (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫مَن‬
competent authorities; ‫الدوائر المختصة‬ from): to discount (‫ هـ‬a bill, a note III to
competent (or authoritative) quarters argue, quarrel, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o. 242
‫ خصب‬kaṣaba i and kaṣiba a (kiṣb) to be fertile to bring legal action (‫ ه‬against s.o.), sue (‫ه‬
(soil) II to make fertile (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to s.o.), litigate (‫ ه‬with); VI to quarrel, argue,
fructify, fertilize (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV = I have a fight; to go to law, carry on a
‫ خصب‬kaṣib fertility; abundance, plenty; lawsuit, litigate (‫ مَع‬with s.o.) VII to be
superabundance, profusion deducted, be subtracted VIII to quarrel,
argue, have a fight
‫ خصب‬kaṣib and ‫ خصيب‬kaṣīb fertile,
productive, fat ‫ خصم‬kaṣm pl. ‫ خصوم‬kuṣūm, ‫اخصام‬
akṣām adversary, antagonist, opponent;
‫ خصوبة‬kuṣūba fertility opposing party (in a lawsuit)
‫ تخصيب‬takṣīb fructification, fertilization
‫ خصم‬deduction; subtraction; rebate; ‫ خضد‬kaḍada i (kaḍd) to cut off, break off (‫هـ‬
discount; pl. ‫ خصوم‬kuṣūm thorns) │ ‫( خضد شوكته‬šaukatahū) to tame
s.o., hold s.o. in check, curb s.o.’s power
liabilities (fin.) │‫ سعر الخصوم‬si‘r al-k.
discount rate, bank rate; ‫ خصم الكمبيالَت‬k. ‫ خضر‬kaḍira a (kaḍar) to be green II to make
al-kambiyālāt bill discount green, dye or color green (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫خضر‬
‫( الرض‬arḍ) to sow the land, till the earth
‫ خصيم‬kaṣīm pl. ‫ خصماء‬kuṣamā’2, ‫خصمان‬
IX to be or become green XII ‫اخضوضر‬
kuṣmān adversary, antagonist, opponent
ikḍauḍara = IX
‫ خصومَة‬kuṣūma quarrel, argument,
‫ خضر‬kaḍir green, verdant; verdure,
dispute, controversy, feud; lawsuit
greenery; young green crop (of grain)
‫ خصام‬kiṣām quarrel, argument, dispute,
‫ الخضر‬al-kaḍir, al-kiḍir a well-known
controversy, feud; lawsuit
legendary figure
‫ مَخاصم‬mukāṣim adversary, opponent,
‫ خضرة‬kuḍra green, greenness, green
opposing party (in a lawsuit); antagonist;
color; - (pl. ‫ خضر‬kuḍar) vegetation,
litigant
verdure, greenery, greens; meadow; ‫خضر‬
1
‫ خصى‬kaṣā (‫ خصاء‬kiṣā’) to castrate, emasculate vegetables
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ خضري‬kuḍarī greengrocer
‫ خصى‬kasīy pl. ‫ خصيان‬kiṣyān, ‫ خصية‬kiṣya
‫ خضار‬kaḍār green, greenness, green
a castrate, eunuch
color; greens, herbs, potherbs
‫ خصية‬kuṣya pl. ‫ خصى‬kuṣan testicle
‫ خضير‬kadīr green
‫ مَخصى‬makṣīy castrated, emasculated
‫ خضارة‬kaḍāra greens, herbs, potherbs
‫( فرس مَخصى‬faras) gelding
‫ خضار‬kaḍḍār greengrocer
2
‫ اخصائي‬ikṣā’ī pl. -ūn specialist; expert (of a
‫ اخضر‬akḍar f. ‫ خضراء‬kaḍrā’ pl. ‫خضر‬
specialized field)
kuḍr green │‫( اتى على الَخضر واليابس‬atā) to
‫ خض‬kaḍḍa (kaḍḍ) to jolt, jog (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to destroy everything, wreak havoc
shake (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to frighten, scare (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ الخضراء‬al-kaḍrā’ “the Verdant”
‫ لبن خض‬laban kaḍḍ buttermilk (epithet of Tunis); the sky 243
‫ خضة‬kaḍḍa concussion, shock, jolt; ‫ خضراوات‬kaḍrāwāt vegetables; greens,
fright, terror, fear herbs, potherbs
‫ خضب‬kaḍaba i (kaḍb) to dye, color, ‫ الخضيراء‬al-kuḍairā’ Paradise
tinge (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- kaḍaba i and kaḍiba a (
O ‫ يخضور‬yakḍūr chlorophyll (biol.)
‫ خضوب‬kuḍūb) to be or become green
(plant) II to color, tinge (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to dye (‫هـ‬ ‫ مَخضرة‬makḍara meadow, lawn, turf,
s.th) XII ‫ اخضوضب‬ikḍauḍaba to be or sod, greens, verdant land
become green (plant) ‫ مَخضرات‬mukaḍḍarāt vegetables
O ‫ خضب‬kaḍb chlorophyll (biol.) ‫ خضرم‬kiḍrim pl. ‫ خضارم‬kaḍārim2 abundant,
‫ خضاب‬kiḍāb dye, dyestuff │O ‫خضاب الدم‬ copious; well-watered, abounding in
k. ad-dam hemoglobin (biol.) water; openhanded, generous, liberal,
munificent
‫ خضوب‬kuḍūb green, greenness, green
color ‫ مَخضرم‬mukaḍram designation of such
contemporaries of Mohammed, esp. of
‫ خضيب‬kaḍīb dyed
poets, whose life span bridges the time of
‫ خضخض‬ḳaḍkaḍa (‫ خضخض‬ḳaḍkaḍa) to set in paganism and that of Islam; an old man
motion, upset, rock, shake (‫ هـ‬s.th.) who has lived through several generations
‫ خضخض‬kaḍkaḍa concussion, shock, or historical epochs
jolt
‫ خضع‬kaḍa‘a a (‫ خضوع‬kuḍū‘) to bow, defer, ‫ خط‬kaṭṭ pl. ‫ خطوط‬kuṭūṭ line; stroke;
submit, yield, surrender (‫ ل‬to s.o., to s.th.), stripe, streak; (railroad) line, line of
humble o.s. (‫ ل‬before), obey, follow (‫ ل‬s.o. communication; telephone line; frontline
or s.th.); to be subject (‫ ل‬and ‫ الى‬to a law, (mil.); furrow, ridge; handwriting; writing,
to a power, etc.), be under s.o.’s (‫ ل‬or ‫)الى‬ script; calligraphy, penmanship │O ‫خط‬
control II and IV to humble, subjugate, ‫( ارضي‬arḍī) ground wire (radio); O ‫الخط‬
subdue, make tractable (‫ ه‬s.o.); to submit, ‫( الَسفيني‬isfīnī) cuneiform writing; ‫الخطوط‬
subject, expose (‫ ل ه‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th. or s.o. to ‫( المَانية‬amāmīya) the foremost lines, battle
s.th.) lines (mil.); ‫( خط بارز‬bāriz) relievo script;
‫ خط تلفوني‬telephone line; ‫خطوط جوية‬
‫ خضوع‬kuḍū‘ submission, obedience,
(jawwīya) airlines; ‫( خط حديدي‬ḥadīdī) and
humility, subjection
‫ خط سكة الحديد‬k. sikkat al-ḥadīd railroad
‫ خضوع‬kaḍū‘ pl. ‫ خضع‬kuḍu‘ submissive, line, railroad track; ‫ خط الزوال‬k. az-zawāl
humble meridian (astron.; = ‫ خط نصف النهار‬k. niṣf
‫ اخضاع‬ikḍā‘ subjugation, subdual; an-nahār); O ‫( الخط المسماري‬mismārī)
subjection cuneiform writing; ‫ خط الَستواء‬k. al-istiwā’
equator; ‫ خط الطول‬k. aṭ-ṭūl or ‫( خط طولي‬ṭūlī)
‫ خاضع‬kāḍi‘ pl. ‫ خضع‬kuḍa‘, ‫خضعان‬ circle of longitude, meridian (geogr.); ‫خط‬
kuḍ‘ān, kiḍ‘ān submissive, humble; ‫ العرض‬k. al-‘arḍ or ‫‘( خط عرضي‬arḍī)
obedient, pliant, tractable; subject, liable, parallel (of latitude) (geogr.); ‫خط تقسيم المياه‬
prone (‫ ل‬to s.th.) k. taqsīm al-miyāh divide, watershed; ‫خط‬
‫ خضل‬kaḍila a to be or become moist II and IV ‫ القوة الكهربائية‬k. al-qūwa al-kahrabā’īya
to moisten, wet (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IX = I power lines; ‫ خط الهاجرة‬meridian (grogr.);
‫ خرج عن الخط‬to derail, run off the rails
‫ خضل‬kaḍil moist, wet; juicy, succulent; (train); ‫( على خط مَستقيم‬mustaqīm)
refreshing, gay, lighthearted straightaway, in a straight line; outright,
‫ خضم‬kaḍama i (kaḍm) to munch (‫ هـ‬s.th., with out and out; ‫( على طول الخط‬ṭūl al-k.) all
a full mouth), bite (‫ هـ‬into s.th.) along the line
‫ خضم‬kiḍamm vast (said of the sea); sea, ‫ خط‬kuṭṭ section, district, quarter (of a
ocean city)
‫ خط‬kaṭṭa u (kaṭṭ) to draw or trace a line (‫على‬ ‫ خطي‬kaṭṭī handwritten; linear; spear
on); to draw, trace, sketch, design (‫هـ‬ ‫ خطة‬kuṭṭa matter, affair; condition,
s.th.); to write, pen (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to carve, state; office, function, position
engrave, inscribe (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to outline,
mark, trace out, prescribe (‫ هـ ل‬for s.o. ‫ خطة‬kiṭṭa, kuṭṭa pl. ‫ خطط‬kiṭaṭ, kuṭaṭ a
s.th.) │ (‫( خط خطا )سطرا‬kaṭṭan, satran) to place of land acquired for the purpose of
draw a line; ‫( خطه الشيب‬šaibu) his hair building a house; a place of real estate,
turned gray II to draw lines; to rule (‫هـ‬ lot; district; map or plan of a place of real
s.th.); to furrow, ridge (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to mark estate, layout; plan, project, design,
with lines or stripes, stripe, streak (‫هـ‬ intention; line of action, course, policy,
s.th.); to pencil (‫ هـ‬the eyebrows); to mark, rule, precept, guiding principle │‫خط العمل‬
designate, earmark, indicate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to k. al-‘amal operation plan, work plan; ‫طبقا‬
demarcate, delimit, delineate, stake out, ‫( لخطة مَرسومَة‬ṭibqan) according to
survey (‫ هـ‬land, real estate); to layout, map schedule, as scheduled or planned
out (‫ هـ‬roads) VIII to trace out, mark, ‫ خطاط‬kaṭṭāṭ pl. -ūn penman,
outline, prescribe (‫ هـ‬a way); to mark, calligrapher; -- tracing lines, leaving
demarcate, delimit, stake out, delineate (‫هـ‬ straight trace │‫( فشك خطاط‬fašak) or ‫قذيفة‬
s.th.); to map out, plan, project (‫ هـ‬e.g., the ‫ خطاطة‬tracer bullet, tracer (mil.)
construction of a city); to make, design,
devise (‫ هـ‬a plan); to plan (‫ هـ‬s.th.), make ‫ تخطيط‬takṭīṭ ruling, drawing of, or
plans (‫ هـ‬for) marking with, lines; lineation;
designation, marking, earmarking;
surveying, survey (of land); planning;
projecting, mapping out, laying out (of ‫ خطب‬kaṭaba u (‫ خطبة‬kuṭba, ‫ خطابة‬kaṭāba) to
cities, of roads); plan, design deliver a public address, make a speech; to
preach, deliver a sermon (‫ في الناس‬and ‫الناس‬
‫( رسم تخطيطي‬rasm) rough draft, first
an-nāsa to the people); -- (kaṭb, 245 ‫خطبة‬
sketch, design
kiṭba) to propose (‫ ها‬to a girl; said of the
‫ مَخطوط‬makṭūṭ handwritten; manuscript man), ask for a girl’s hand (‫ )ها‬in marriage
‫ مَخطوط‬makṭūṭa pl. -āt manuscript (‫ ل‬on behalf of s.o.; said of the
matchmaker); to give in marriage, betroth,
‫ مَخطط‬mukaṭṭaṭ striped, streaked, ruled; affiance, engage (‫ على‬or ‫ بنته ل‬one’s
furrowed; designated, marked, earmarked; daughter to s.o.) │‫( خطب ودها‬wuddahā)
planned, guided, controlled; (pl. -āt) and ‫( خطب مَودتها‬mawaddatahā) he courted
sketch, design, plan, layout; map (of a her love III to address (‫ ه‬s.o.), speak, talk,
city) direct one's words (‫ ه‬to s.o.), turn (‫ ه‬to s.o.,
‫ خطئ‬kaṭI’a a (‫ خطأ‬kaṭa’) to be mistaken; to orally or in writing) │‫ خاطبه بالتليفون‬to
commit an error, make a mistake; to sin II telephone s.o., call s.o. up; ‫( خاطبه بالكاف‬bi-
to charge with an offense, incriminate, l-kāf) to address s.o. on an intimate first-
declare guilty (‫ ه‬s.o.); to accuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) of name basis VI to talk to one another; to
an error or mistake; to fine (‫ ه‬s.o.; tun.) IV converse, confer, have a talk, carry on a
to be mistaken, to err, commit an error, be conversation; to write each other,
at fault (‫ في‬in); to be wrong (‫ في‬about, in); correspond, carry on a correspondence
to make a mistake (‫ في‬in, with); to miss (‫ه‬ VIII to seek a girl’s (‫ )ها‬hand in marriage,
s.o., e.g., a shot; ‫ هـ‬the target); to escape (‫ه‬ ask for a girl’s hand
s.o. or s.o.’s notice; a fact) │ ‫أخطأ‬ ‫ خطب‬kaṭb pl. ‫ خطب‬kuṭb matter, affair,
‫(فأله‬fa’luhū) (his omen was wrong, i.e.) his concern, business; situation, conditions,
expectations do not come true, are not circumstances; misadventure, mishap │ ‫مَا‬
fultilled; that’s where he is wrong, that’s ‫خطبك‬what do you want? what’s the
where he made a mistake! ‫أخطأه الشيء‬ trouble? what’s the matter with you? ‫مَا‬
(šai’u) (lit.: the thing escaped him, missed ‫ خطبه في‬what concern of his is ...? what has
him, i.e.) he lacked it; ‫ أخطأه التوفيق‬he he to do with ...? ‫ مَا خطب ذلك‬what’s it all
failed, was unsuccessful; ‫أخطأ في استنتاجاته‬ about?
he drew the wrong conclusions; ‫أخطأ بين‬
‫ الشيئين‬he confused the two things, he ‫ خطبة‬kiṭba courtehip; betrothal,
mistook one thing for the other engagement

‫ خطء‬kiṭ’ slip, lapse, fault, offense, sin ‫ خطبة‬kuṭba pl. ‫ خطب‬kuṭab public
address; speech; lecture, discourse;
‫ خطأ‬kaṭa’ and ‫ خطاء‬kaṭā’ error; mistake, oration; sermon, specif., Muslim Friday
incorrectness; offense, fault; kaṭa’an sermon, khutbah │ ‫خطبة الَفتتاح‬opening
erroneously, by mistake │ ‫ مَن الخطأ ان‬...it is address
(would be) wrong to …; ‫ اصلح الخطأ‬iṣlāḥ
al-k. corrigenda, errata, list of corrections; ‫ خطاب‬kiṭāb pl. -āt, ‫ اخطبة‬akṭiba public
‫ قتل الخطأ‬qatl al-k. accidental homicide address, speech; oration; letter, note,
(jur.) message │ ‫ خطاب ترحيب‬welcoming
address; ‫ خطاب العرش‬k. al-‘arš speech from
‫ خطيئة‬kaṭī’a pl. -āt, ‫ خطايا‬kaṭāyā the throne; ‫( خطاب مَستعجل‬musta‘jil)
mistake, blunder; slip, lapse; fault, express letter, special-delivery letter; ‫خطاب‬
offense; crime, sin; fine (tun.) ‫ تقدمَة‬taqdima letter of introduction; O ‫خطابا‬
‫ خاطئ‬kāṭi’ wrong, incorrect, erroneous; ‫( ت ذات القيمة المقررة‬dāt al-qīma al-
mistaken, at fault; (pl. ‫ خطاة‬kuṭāh, actually, muqarrara) (= lettres avec valeur
pl. of colloq. kāṭī), f. ‫ خاطئة‬kāṭi’a pl. ‫خواطئ‬ declarée) registered, insured letters (eg.);
kawāṭ’2 sinner ‫ فصل الخطاب‬faṣl al-k. (in letters:)
conclusion of the formal greetings by the
‫ مَخطئ‬mukṭi’ mistaken, at fault, wrong; words ‫ امَا بعد‬amma ba‘du; conclusion,
incorrect, wrong, erroneous termination, end; decision; unmistakable
judgment; ‫ بيني وبينك فصل الخطاب‬we’re incur the danger, run the risk (‫ ب‬of), risk (
through with one another once and for all ‫ ب‬s.th.); to bet, wager (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ على‬a stake)
IV to notify, inform (‫ ه‬s.o.), let (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ خطابي‬kiṭābī oratorical, rhetorical,
know (‫ ب‬about s.th.); to warn, caution (‫ه‬
speech-, lecturing (in compounds)
s.o.) V to walk with a lofty, proud gait; to
‫ خطيب‬kaṭīb pl. ‫ خطباء‬kuṭabā’ (public) stride, strut (with a swinging gait); to
speaker; orator; lecturer; preacher, khatib; pendulate, oscillate, vibrate VI to make a
suitor (for the hand of a girl); fiancé bet (‫ على‬against stake)
‫ خطيبة‬kaṭība fiancée ‫ خطر‬kaṭar weightiness,
‫ خطابة‬kaṭāba preaching, sermonizing, momentousness; importance,
oratory consequence, significance; seriousness,
gravity; -- (pl. -āt, ‫ اخطار‬akṭār) danger,
‫ خطابة‬kiṭāba rhetoric, oratory; speech, peril, menace (‫ على‬to); riskiness,
lecture, discourse dangerousness; risk; hazard; (pl. ‫خطار‬
‫ خطوبة‬kūṭūba courtship; betrothal, kiṭār) stake, bet, wager │‫ جليل الخطر‬of very
engagement great importance, momentous; ‫ذو خطر‬
dangerous, perilous; ‫مَعرض للخطر‬
‫ مَخاطبة‬mukāṭaba pl. -āt address; public (mu‘arraḍ) endangered, jeopardized; ‫اشارة‬
address, speech; proclamation; ‫ الخطر‬išārat al-k. alarm signal
conversation, talk; conference, parley │‫مَخ‬
‫ اطبة تليفونية‬telephone conversation, ‫ خطر‬kaṭir dangerous, perilous, risky,
telephone call hazardous; serious, grave, weighty,
important, significant
‫ تختطب‬takāṭub conversation; talk,
discussion; (inter)communication (also, ‫ خطر‬kaṭara pl. kaṭarāt pompous walk,
e.g., telephonic, by radio, etc.) │‫لغة التخطاب‬ strut; swinging gait; idea, thought, notion
lugat it-takāṭub colloquial language ‫ خطار‬kaṭṭār pendulum (phys.)
2
‫ خاطب‬kāṭib pl. ‫ خطباء‬kuṭabā’ , ‫خطا‬kuṭṭāb ‫ خطير‬kaṭīr pl. ‫ خطر‬kuṭr weighty,
suitor; matchmaker momentous; important, significant; grave,
‫ خاطبة‬kāṭiba pl. ‫ خطاب‬kuṭṭāb woman serious │‫ خطير الشأن‬of great importance
matchmaker ‫ خطورة‬kuṭūra weight(iness),
‫ مَخطوبة‬makṭūba fiancée importance, moment(ousness);
consequence, significance; gravity,
‫ مَخاطب‬mukāṭab addressed, spoken to; seriousness
(gram.) second person
‫ خطران‬kaṭarān swinging, oscillation,
‫ اخطبوط‬look up alphabetically vibration
‫ خطر‬kaṭara i (‫ خطران‬kaṭarān) to swing, wave, ‫ اخطر‬akṭar2 more dangerous, riskier;
brandish (‫ ب‬s.th.); to shake, tremble, weightier, of greater consequence; more
vibrate; to walk with a (proud) swinging serious, graver
gait; to strut, parade haughtily; -- i u (‫خطور‬
kuṭūr) to occur (‫ ل‬to s.o.), come 246 to ‫ مَخطرة‬look up alphabetically
s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬mind │ ‫( خطر على باله‬bālihī) the ‫ مَخاطر‬makāṭir2 dangers, perils
matter came to his mind, occurred to him,
he recalled the matter (also ‫ في باله‬and ‫بباله‬ ‫ مَخاطرة‬mukāṭara pl. -āt venture, risk,
or. ‫ خطر له خاطر ;)على باله‬he had an idea; ‫امَر‬ hazard
‫( لم يخطر ببال‬lam yakṭur bi-bālin) an ‫ اخطار‬ikṭār notification, information;
unexpected matter, s.th. one wouldn’t warning
dram of; -- kaṭura u (‫ خطورة‬kuṭūra) to be
‫ خاطر‬kāṭir pl. ‫ خواطر‬kawāṭir2 ideas,
weighty; to be important, significant; to be
thought, notion; mind; desire, inclination,
grave, serious, momentous, dangerous,
liking │‫( لجل خاطرك‬li-ajl) for your sake;
perilous, risky, hazardous III to risk,
‫ مَن كل خاطر‬min'n kulli kāṭirin with all
hazard, stake (‫ ب‬s.th. ‫ بنفسه‬one’s life); to
one’s heart, most gladly; ‫‘ عن طيبة خاطر‬an
ṭībati kāṭirin gladly, with pleasure; of ‫ خاطف‬kāṭif pl. ‫ خواطف‬kawāṭif2 ravenous;
one’s own free will, voluntarily; ‫على‬ rapacious; rapid, prompt; quick, sudden;
‫ خاطرك‬as you like; ‫ اخذ بخاطره‬to afford lightninglike; fleeting; short, brief │ ‫ذئاب‬
satisfaction to s.o., to comfort, reassure ‫ خاطفة‬ravenous wolves; ‫( صورة خاطفة‬ṣūra)
s.o.; ‫ اخذ على خاطر مَن‬to feel offended by, to snapshot; ‫( حرب خاطفة‬ḥarb) Blitzkrieg
take offense at; ‫ صدع خاطره‬ṣadda‘a ‫ خطل‬kaṭila a (kaṭal) to talk nonsense IV do. V
kāṭirahū to trouble, bother s.o.; ‫طمن‬ to strut, walk with a pompous gait; to
‫( الخواطر‬ṭammana) to calm the excitement; walk with a proud, swinging gait
‫( مَر بخاطره ان‬marra) the thought crossed
his mind that ...; ‫( اكرامَا لخاطرك‬ikrāman) ‫ خطل‬kaṭal idle talk, prattle
for your sake, to please you; ‫سرعة الخاطر‬ ‫ خطل‬kaṭil garrulous, chattering, given to
sur‘at al-k. presence of mind; ‫سريع الخاطر‬ silly talk; stupid, foolish
quick-witted
‫ خطم‬kaṭm nose, snout, muzzle (of an animal);
‫ مَخاطر‬mukāṭir one who risks s.th., who front part (nose and mouth); foremost or
takes a chance; daring, bold, venturesome first part; important matter │‫اطل مَخطمة‬
‫ مَخطر‬mukṭir dangerous, perilous, risky, (aṭalla) approx.: to manifest its force, set
hazardous in (e.g., of a disaster)
‫ خطرف‬kaṭrafa (eg.) to be delirious,. to rave, to ‫ خطمي‬kiṭmī, kaṭmī (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬marsh
talk irrationally mallow (Althaea officinalis; bot.)
‫ خطرفة‬kaṭrafa delirium, raving ‫ خطام‬kiṭām pl. kuṭum noseband, halter (of a
camel)
‫ خطف‬kaṭifa a, kaṭafa i (kaṭf) to snatch, wrench
or wrest away, seize, grab (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to (‫ خطا )خطو‬kaṭā u (kaṭw) to step, pace, walk; to
make off (‫ هـ‬with s.th.); to abduct, kidnap ( proceed, advance, progress │ ‫خطا خطوات‬
‫ ه‬s.o.); to dazzle (247 ‫ البصر‬al-baṣara the ‫( واسعة‬kaṭawātin) to take large strides, also
eyes) V to carry away, sweep away (. s.o.) fig. = to make extraordinary progress II
VI to snatch or seize (‫ هـ‬s.th.) from one and V to overstep, transgress (‫ هـ‬s.th.), to
another VII to be snatched away, be cross (‫ هـ‬s.th.), go or walk through s.th. (
wrested away; to be carried away, be ‫ ;)هـ‬to ford (‫ هـ‬a river); to leave its banks,
swept away VIII to grab, seize, take overflow (river); to cross, traverse (‫البحار‬
forcibly (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to snatch, wrest, wrench the seas); to omit, disregard, ignore, pass
(‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from s.o.); to abduct, kidnap (‫ه‬ by (‫ ه‬so.); to go beyond s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to extend
s.o.); to run away, elope (‫ ها‬with a (‫ الى‬to); to exceed, transcend (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
woman); to make off (‫ هـ‬with s.th.); to excel, surpass, outstrip, outdo (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
dazzle (‫ البصر‬al-baṣara the eyes) proceed, pass (‫ هـ‬through s.th., ‫ الى‬to),
leave s.th. (‫ )هـ‬behind and turn to s.th. else
‫ خطف‬kaṭf grabbing, forcible seizure, (‫ ;)الى‬to disregard (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) in order
rape; abduction, kidnapping; ‫ خطفا‬kaṭfan to turn one’s attention to (‫تخطى به الى │ )الى‬
rapidly, quickly ‫( الَمَام‬ilā l-amāmi) to promote, advance
‫ خطفة‬kaṭfa pl. kaṭafāt (n. vic.) a s.th. VII to step, pace, walk; to proceed,
snatching away, a grab; sudden stirring, advance, progress
flash │‫( في خطفة البرق‬barq) instantly, in a ‫ خطوة‬kaṭwa pl. kaṭawāt and kuṭwa pl.
trice, like a streak of lightning; ‫خطفة مَن‬ kuṭwāt, kuṭuwāt, ‫ خطى‬kuṭan step, pace,
‫ خطفات الشعور‬an impulse, a sudden emotion stride │‫( سار في خطاه‬kuṭāhū) to walk, or
‫ خطاف‬kaṭṭāf rapacious; robber follow, in s.o.’s footsteps; ‫تقدم خطوة فخطوة‬
taqaddama kutwatan fa-kutwatan to
‫ خطاف‬kuṭṭāf pl. ‫ خطاطيف‬kaṭāṭīf2 (iron)
proceed or advance step by step; ‫اتخذ خطوة‬
hook; fishhook; (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬swift, a
‫( حاسمة‬ittakada) to take a decisive step; ‫خط‬
variety of swallow
‫ وتان وقفزة‬kaṭwatan wa qafza hop, skip and
‫ خطيف‬kaṭīf pl. ‫ خطاطيف‬kaṭāṭīf2 iron hook jump (athlet.)
‫ اختطاف‬iktiṯāf grabbing, forcible seizure,
rape; abduction, kidnapping
‫ خطية‬kaṭīya (= ‫ )خطيئة‬slip, lapse, ‫ خفاف‬kafāf, ‫ حجر الخفاف‬ḥajar al-k.
transgression, fault, offense, sin pumice, pumice stone
‫ خطاة‬kuṭāh pl. of ‫ خاطئ‬kāṭi’ sinner ‫ خفان‬kuffān pumice, pumice stone
‫ خف‬kaffa i to be light (of weight); to be slight, ‫ خفيف‬kafīf pl. ‫ خفاف‬kifāf, ‫ اخفاف‬akfāf, ‫اخفا‬
insignificant; to become lighter, decrease ‫ ء‬akiffā’2 light (of weight); slight, little,
in weight, lose weight; to decrease in trivial, insignificant; thin, scanty, sparse;
intensity, grow lighter (color); to be nimble, agile, sprightly, lively; -- ‫الخفيف‬
nimble, agile, quick; to hasten, hurry, rush name of a poetic meter │‫ خفيف الحركة‬k. al-
(‫ الى‬to) II to make lighter (‫ هـ‬s.th.), reduce ḥaraka easily movable, very mobile;
the weight of (‫ ;)هـ‬to ease, lighten, relieve, nimble, agile; ‫ خف الدم‬k. ad-dam amiable,
soften (‫ هـ عن‬for s.o. s.th. difficult or charming; ‫ خفيف الروح‬k. ar-rūḥ likable,
oppressive, also ‫ هـ على; مَن‬s.th., e.g., s.o.’s charming, winning, amiable; gay, in high
situation); to lessen, decrease, reduce, spirits, cheerful; ‫ خفيف الظل‬k. az-zill
diminish (‫ هـ‬or ‫ مَن‬s.th.); to mitigate, likable, nice (person); ‫ خفيف العارضين‬k.
alleviate, moderate, temper (‫ ه‬or ‫ مَن‬s.th.); al-‘āriḍīn having a thin beard; ‫ خفيف العقل‬k.
to thin, dilute (‫ هـ‬e.g., a liquid); (gram.) to al-‘aql feeble-minded, dimwitted; ‫خفيف اليد‬
pronounce (‫ هـ‬a consonant) without tašdīd k. al-yad nimble-fingered, deft; ‫شاي خفيف‬
│‫ خفف عنك‬kaffif ‘anka! cheer up! be of weak tea
good cheer! ‫ خفف مَن سرعتك‬kaffif min
‫ تخفيف‬takfīf lightening, easing;
su‘atika! slow down! ‫ خفف اللَم عنه‬to lessening, decrease, diminution;
soothe s.o.’s pains V to dress lightly; to reduction; allaying, mitigation, alleviation,
disburden, relieve o.s. (of a burden); to rid palliation, moderation; commutation
o.s., free o.s. (‫ مَن‬of s.th.); to hurry away ( (jur.); relief; thinning. dilution (e.g., of a
‫ مَن‬from), leave (‫ مَن‬s.th.) in a hurry X to liquid) │‫ ظروف التخفيف‬extenuating
deem (‫ هـ‬s.th.) light; to value lightly, circumstances (jur.)
disdain, scorn, despise (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.),
look down (‫ ب‬upon), think nothing (‫ ب‬of), ‫ استخفاف‬istikfāf disdain, scorn,
make light (‫ ب‬of), set little store (‫ ب‬by); contempt; levity, frivolity
not to take seriously (‫ ب‬s.th.), attach no ‫ ظروف مَخففة‬ẓurūf mukaffafa extenuating
importance (‫ ب‬to); to carry away, transport circumstances (jur.)
(‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., joy)
‫ مَخفف‬mukaffaf thin, diluted
‫ خف‬kuff pl. ‫ خفاف‬kifāf, ‫ اخفاف‬akfāf shoe, ‫ خفت‬kafata u (‫ خفوت‬kufūt) to become inaudible,
slipper; -- (pl. ‫ اخفاف‬akfāf) camel hoof; die down, die away (sound, voice); to
foot (of the ostrich); sole (of the foot) │ become silent, become still III ،‫خافت بكلمَه‬
‫ رجع بخفي حنين‬raja‘a bi-kaffai ḥunain to ‫( بصوته‬bi-kalāmihī, bi-ṣautihī) to lower
return with empty hands, without having one’s voice IV to silence, reduce to silence
achieved one’s mission; to accomplish (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII = I
nothing, fail, be unsuccessful
‫ خفوت‬kufūt fading (radio)
‫`خفة‬kiffa lightless (of weight);
slightness, insignificance, triviality; ‫ خفت‬kāfit dying away, dying down,
sprightliness, buoyancy; agility, becoming silent; inaudible; faint, dying,
nimbleness; inconstancy, fickleness, fading, trailing off (sound, voice); soft,
flightiness, levity, frivolity │ ‫ خفة الحركة‬k. subdued (light, color)
al-ḥaraka, ‫ خفة في الحركة‬nimbleness, ‫ مَختفت‬muktafit soft, low, subdued 249
agility, quickness; ‫ خفة الدم‬k. ad-dam
amiability, charm; ‫ خف الروح‬k. ar-rūḥ do.; ‫ خفر‬kafara u (kafr, ‫ خفارة‬kifāra) to watch (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
‫ خفة اليد‬k. al-yad manual skill, dexterity, s.o., s.th. or over s.o., over s.th.), guard,
deftness protect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- kafira a (kafar,
‫ خفارة‬kafāra) to be timid, shy, bashful II =
‫ اخف‬akaff2 lighter; lesser, slighter; I kafara V = I kafira
weaker │ ‫ اخف الضررين‬a. ad-ḍararain the
lesser of two evils ‫ خفر‬kafr watching, watch, guard(ing)
‫ خفر‬kafar guard detachment, guard; curtailment, limitation, restriction; ease
escort │ ‫ خفر السواحل‬coast guard (Eg.) (of life); (gram.) pronunciation of the final
consonant with i │‫ خفض القيمة‬k. al-qīma
‫ خفر‬kafar timidity, shyness,
devaluation (of a currency); ‫ خفض العيش‬k.
bashfulness, diffidence
al-‘aiš carefree, easy life; ‫هو في خفض مَن‬
‫ خفر‬kafir bashful, diffident, timid, shy, ‫ العيش‬he lives in ease and comfort; ‫خفض‬
embarrassed, coy ‫ الصوت‬k. aṣ-ṣaut lowering of the voice;
‫ خفير‬kafīr pl. ‫ خفراء‬kufarā’2 watchman; ‫ حرف الخفض‬ḥarf al-k. preposition (gram.)
protector, guardian; guard, sentry, sentinel ‫ خفض‬kafiḍ low, soft, subdued (voice)
‫ خفارة‬kafāra watch(ing), guard(ing), ‫ تخفيض‬takfīḍ lowering, cutback, reduction (esp.
protection; guard duty of prices); diminution, decrease,
‫ مَخفر‬makfar pl. ‫ مَخافر‬maḳāfir 2 lessening, curtailment, restriction,
guardhouse, guardroom; guard, control limitation
post │ ‫ مَخفر الشرطة‬m. aš-šurṭa police ‫ انخفاض‬inkifāḍ sinking, dropping, subsidence;
station lowering, reduction; lessen ing, decrease.
‫ خافرة‬kāfira: ‫ خافرة السواحل‬k. as-sawāḥil diminution, decrement; dropping of the
coastguard cruiser (Eg.) water level, low water │‫انخفاض جوي‬
(jawwī) low-pressure area (meteor.)
‫ مَخفور‬makfūr under escort, escorted;
covered, sheltered, protected ‫ مَخفض‬mukaffaḍ lowered, reduced, low,
moderate (price, rate); lower
‫ خفس‬kafasa u (kafs) to ridicule, scorn (‫ ه‬s.o.),
laugh, mock (‫ ه‬at); to destroy, demolish, ‫ مَنخفض‬munkafiḍ low (altitude, frequency,
tear down (‫ ه‬a house) price, etc.); soft, low, subdued, muffled
(voice) │‫ الراضي المنخفضة‬the Netherlands;
‫ خفش‬kafaš day blindness, hemeralopia -- munkafaḍ pl. -āt low ground;
‫ اخفش‬akfaš2, f. ‫ خفشاء‬kafšā’2, pl. ‫ خفش‬kufš day depression (geogr.) 250
blind, hemeralopic; weak-sighted, ‫ خفق‬kafaāqa i u (kafq, ‫ خفقان‬kafaqān, ‫خفوق‬
afflicted with defective vision kufūq) to vibrate; to tremble, shake; to
‫ خفاش‬kuffāš pl. ‫ خفافش‬kafāfiš2 bat (zool.) beat, throb, palpitate (heart); to flutter,
wave, stream (flag); to flap the wings,
‫ خفض‬kafada i (kafḍ) to make lower (‫ هـ‬s.th.); flutter (bird); to waver, flicker; -- (kafq) to
to lower, decrease, reduce, lessen, flash (lightning); to beat, whip (‫ ه‬s.th.;
diminish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to lower, drop (‫ مَن‬,‫هـ‬ eggs, cream, etc.); to make the sound of
s.th., also, e.g., the voice); (gram.) to footsteps (shoe); - (‫ خفوق‬kufūq) to drop
pronounce the final consonant of a word one’s head drowsily, nod off, doze off (‫خفق‬
with i; to put (‫ هـ‬a word) in the genitive │ ‫ خفقة‬k. kafqatan); -- i (‫ خفوق‬kufūq) to set,
‫( خفض جناحه‬janāḥahū)to unbend toward go down (celestial body) II to roughcast,
s.o., show o.s. open-minded, responsive, plaster, stucco (‫ هـ‬a wall) IV to flap the
accessible to; -- kafuḍa u to be carefree, wings, flutter (bird); to set, go down
easy, comfortable (life); to sink, dip, drop, (celestial body); to be unsuccessful, go
settle, subside; to become low, drop to an wrong, fail, miscarry, come to nothing, be
undertone (voice) II to lower, decrease, abortive; to fail, be unsuccessful (‫ في‬in
reduce (‫ هـ‬s.th., price) │‫ خفض عليك‬kaffiḍ s.th.)
‘alaika! take it easy! ‫خفض عليك جأشك‬
(ja’šaka) cool off! calm down! relax! IV ‫ا‬ ‫ خفق‬kafq throb(bing) palpitation;
‫( خفض صوته‬ṣautahū) he lowered his voice beating, beat; footfall, footstep, tread (of a
V and VII to sink, dip, drop, settle, boot, of the foot)
subside; to be lowered, be reduced (price); ‫ خفقة‬kafqa pl. kafaqāt (n. vic.) beat,
to decrease, grow less; to be diminished throb; tap, rap, knock; ticking noise, tick
‫ خفض‬kafḍ lowering, lessening,
decrease, diminution, reduction; subduing,
lowering, muffling (of the voice);
‫ خفقان‬kafaqān palpitation of the heart, ‫( ان‬kafā’a) it is quite evident, it is quite
heartbeat; throb(bing), beat(ing); obvious that ...
f1uttering, flutter ‫ اخفاء‬ikfā’ hiding, secretion;
‫ خفاق‬kaffāq palpitant, throbbing (heart); concealment; lowering of the voice
fluttering, waving, streaming (flag) ‫ تخف‬takaffin disguise
O ‫ مَخفقة‬mikfaga whisk, eggbeater ‫ اختفاء‬iktifā’ disappearance
‫ اخفاق‬ikfāq failure, fizzle, flop, fiasco ‫ خاف‬kāfin hidden, concealed; secret,
‫ خافق‬kāfiq palpitant, throbbing (heart); unknown; unseen, invisible
fluttering, waving, streaming (flag); ‫الخفقان‬ ‫ خافية‬kāfiya pl. ‫ خواف‬kawāfin a secret; --
al-kafaqān East and West; ‫ الخوافق‬al- pl. ‫ الخوافى‬al-kawāfī the coverts, the
kawāfiq the cardinal points, the four secondaries (of a bird’s wing)
quarters of the world
‫ مَخفي‬makfīy hidden, concealed 251
‫ خافقي‬kāfiqī mortar, plaster, rough-cast;
stucco ‫ مَتخف‬mutakaffin disguised, in disguise
‫ خفان‬see ‫خف‬ ‫ مَختف‬muktafin hidden. Concealed,
clandestine, covert, secret; disappearing,
‫ خفى‬kafiya a to be hidden, be concealed; to be vanishing
unknown (a fact; ‫ على‬to s.o.); to disappear,
hide │‫ لَ يخفى ان‬it is well known that ...; as ‫ مَختفى‬muktafan hiding place, hide-out
everybody knows ..., it is obvious that ... ; ‫ خاقان‬look up alphabetically
‫ لَ يخفى عليك‬you know very well ..., you are
well aware (of it); -- kafā i to hide, ‫ خل‬kalla u (kall) to pierce, transfix (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II
conceal (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to keep secret (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to turn sour; to make sour, to sour, acidify
IV to hide, conceal (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to afford (‫هـ‬ (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pickle, marinate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
s.o.) a place to hide, shelter, hide (‫ هـ‬s.o.); salt. cure with salt or in brine (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
to keep secret (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to disguise, pick (‫ هـ‬the teeth); to run the fingers (‫ه‬
conceal (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬or ‫ عن‬from s.o.) │ through s.th.), part, comb (‫ هـ‬the hair, the
‫ اخفى الصوت‬to lower the voice, speak in an beard, also with the fingers) III to treat (‫ه‬
undertone V to hide, keep o.s. out of view; s.o.) as a friend IV to offend (‫ ب‬against),
to disguise o.s. VIII to hide, keep o.s. out infringe, transgress (‫ ب‬s.th.); to violate,
of view; to disappear, vanish; to be break (‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., a rule, a custom); to
hidden, be unknown; to be lacking, be fail to fulfill, fail to meet (‫ ب‬an
missing, be absent │‫ اختفى عن النظار‬to be agreement); to forsake, desert, abandon (‫ب‬
hidden or disappear from sight X to hide, s.o., s.th.); to disturb, upset, harm,
keep o.s. out of view; to be hidden, be prejudice (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to be, lie or come
concealed; to be hidden from s.o.’s (‫)عن‬ between s.th. (‫ ;هـ‬also in time), intervene (
view, become invisible (‫ عن‬to s.o.), ‫ هـ‬between); to be located or situated, be
disappear from sight Interposed, be placed (‫ هـ‬between); to
Permeate, pervade, interpenetrate (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
‫ خفي‬kafīy hidden, concealed; secret, mix, mingle, blend (‫ هـ‬with) VIII to be or
unknown; unseen, invisible; mysterious │ become defective; to be in disorder, be
‫ خفي الَسم‬k. al-ism anonymous; O ‫انوار خفية‬ faulty, deficient, imperfect; to become
(anwār) indirect lighting disordered; to be upset, be unbalanced; to
‫ خفية‬kufyatan, kifyatan secretly, be disturbed (order, system) │‫اختلت الشروط‬
clandestinely, covertly; ‫ خفية عنه‬without his the conditions are not fulfilled; ‫اختل توازنه‬
knowledge (tawāzunuhū) to lose one’s balance,
become unbalanced; ‫‘( اختل عقله‬aqluhū) to
‫ خفية‬kafīya pl. ‫ خفايا‬kafāyā a secret, a be mentally deranged
secret affair
‫ خل‬kall vinegar
‫ خفاء‬kafa’ secrecy, hiddenness │‫في الخفاء‬
secretly, clandestinely, covertly; ‫لَ خفاء في‬ ‫ خل‬kill, kull pl. ‫ اخلل‬aklāl friend,
bosom friend
‫ خلل‬kalal pl. ‫ خلل‬kilāl gap, interval, ‫ خلب‬kalaba i u (kalb) to seize with the claws,
interstice; cleft, crack, rupture, fissure; a clutch (‫ هـ‬s.th.), pounce (‫ هـ‬on); -- u (‫خلبة‬
defective, unbalanced state, imbalance; kilāba) to cajole, coax, wheedle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
defectiveness, imperfection; fault, flaw, inveigle, beguile, bewitch, enchant (‫ ه‬s.o.,
defeat, shortcoming; disturbance, upset, ‫‘ عقله‬aqlahū s.o.’s mind); to charm,
disorder; damage, injury, harm (that s.th. fascinate, captivate (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to cajole,
suffers or suffered); ‫ خلل‬kilāla during; wheedle, coax. inveigle, beguile, bewitch,
between; through │‫ في خلل‬fī kalali and ‫في‬ enchant (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to seize with the
‫ خلل‬fī kilāli during; in the course of, claws, clutch (‫ هـ‬s.th.), pounce (‫ هـ‬on); to
within, in a given period of; ‫في خلل ذلك‬ cajole, inveigle, beguile, bewitch, enchant
meanwhile, in the meantime; ‫ مَن خلل‬min (‫ ه‬s.o.)
kilāli across, through, right through the ‫ خلب‬kilb pl. ‫ اخلب‬aklāb fingernail,
middle of; out of, from within; (to judge, claw, talon
reason, draw conclusions, etc.) by, on the
basis of, on the strength of, (to recognize) ‫ برق خلب‬barqun kallābun and barqu
from kullabin lightning without a downpour; a
disappointing, disillusioning matter; ‫خلب‬
‫ خلة‬kalla need, want, luck; -- (pl. ‫خلل‬ and ‫ خلب مَن برق‬delusion, illusion
(kilāl) property, attribute, peculiarity;
characteristic; natural disposition ‫ خلبي‬kullabī: ‫( فشك خلب‬fašak) blank
cartridges (Syr.; mil.)
‫ خلة‬kulla pl. ‫ خلل‬kulal friendship
‫ خلاب‬kallāb gripping, captivating,
‫ خلل‬kilāl pl. ‫ اخلة‬akilla boring or fascinating; attractive, engaging, winning;
drilling implement; peg, pin; spit, skewer; tempting, enticing; fraudulent, deceitful;
(also ‫ خللة‬pl. -āt) toothpick; see also ‫خلل‬ deceptive, delusive, fallacious
kalal
‫ خلابة‬kilāba engaging manners,
‫ خليل‬kalīl pl. ‫ اخلء‬akillā’2, ‫ خلن‬kullān attractiveness, charm
friend, bosom friend; lovers; ‫ الخليل‬Hebron
(town in Jordanian Palestine) │‫خليل ا‬ ‫ مَخلب‬miklab pl. ‫ مَخالب‬makālib claw,
epithet of Abraham talon
‫ خليلة‬kalīla pl. -āt girl friend, woman ‫ خالب‬kālib = ‫ خلاب‬kallāb
friend; sweetheart, paramour ‫ خلبص‬II kalbaṣa (eg.) to clown
‫ ام الخلول‬umm al-kulūl river mussel ‫ خلبوص‬kalbūṣ pl. ‫ خلابيص‬kalābīṣ2, ‫خلابصة‬
(zool.) kalābiṣa (eg.) clown, buffoon, harlequin
‫ اخلل‬iklāl pl. -āt breach, infraction, ‫ خلج‬kalaja i and III to be on s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind,
violation (of a law, of a treaty, and the trouble, preoccupy, prepossess (‫ ه‬s.o.,
like); offence (against), transgression, s.o.’s mind; said of worries, doubts, etc.);
infringement (of); disturbance (of an to pervade, fill (‫ ه‬s.o.; said of a feeling) │
order, of a system); impairment, injury, ‫( خالج قلبه‬qalbahū) to be uppermost in s.o.’s
harm (to); average, damage, by sea │ ‫مَع‬ heart V to be shaken, be convulsed, be
‫‘( عدم الَخلل ب‬adami l-i.) without rocked VIII to quiver, tremble, quake,
prejudice to, without detriment to ‫اختلل‬ shake; to twitch (eye, limb, body); to
iktilāl deficiency, defectiveness, animate, move, stir, inspire, fill, pervade,
imperfection; (a falling into) disrepair, possess (‫ في‬,‫ هـ‬the heart; said of a feeling)
deterioration; faultiness; disturbance (of a │ ‫( اختلج غما‬gamman) to be filled with
system, of a function, of the equilibrium, sorrow, with grief (heart)
etc.); disorder, confusion
‫ خلجة‬kalja pl. ka1ajāt emotion,
‫ مَخلل‬mukallal pickled; salted; (pl. -āt) sentiment; scruple, qualm, misgiving
pickles, pickled vegetables
‫ خليج‬kalīj pl. ‫ خلج‬kulj, ‫ خلجان‬kuljān bay,
‫ مَخل‬mukill disgraceful, shameful │ ‫مَخل‬ gulf; canal; ‫ الخليج‬name of Cairo’s ancient
‫ بالداب‬immoral, indecent, improper 252 city canal which was abandoned and
leveled at the end of the 19th century │ ‫ تخليد‬taklīd perpetuation, eternization,
‫ الخليج الفارسي‬the Persian Gulf immortalization
‫ خلاج‬kilāj misgiving, doubt, scruple, ‫ خالد‬kālid everlasting, perpetual, eternal;
qualm immortal, deathless, undying;
unforgettable, glorious; pl. ‫ خوالد‬kawālid2
‫ اختلاجة‬iktilāja (n. vic.) convulsion, jerk,
mountains │‫ الجزائر الخالدات‬the Canary
twitch; tremor
Islands
‫ خالجة‬kālija pl. ‫ خوالج‬kawālij2 emotion,
‫ مَخلد‬muklid disposed, inclined, tending
sentiment; scruple, qualm; idea
(‫ الى‬to)
‫ خلخل‬kalkala to shake, convulse, rock (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
‫ خلس‬kalasa i (kals) to steal (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pilfer,
to rarefy (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., air; chem.- phys.) II
filch, swipe, purloin (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III ‫خلسه النظر‬
takalkala to be shaken, be rocked; to come
(naẓara) to glance furtively at s.o. VIII to
off, become disjointed, become detached;
steal, pilfer, filch, swipe (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to get
to become loose, work loose; to be or
under false pretenses or by crooked means
become rarefied (chem.- phys.)
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to embezzle, misappropriate (‫هـ‬
‫ خلخل‬kalkal pl. ‫ خلاخل‬kalākil2 anklet s.th.); to spend secretly (‫ هـ‬hours) │ ‫اختلس‬
‫ خلخال‬kalkāl pl. ‫ خلاخيل‬kalākīl 2 anklet ‫( الخطى الى‬kuṭā) to sneak up on s.o.; ‫اختلس‬
(‫ النظر الى )في‬to glance furtively at s.o.
‫ تخلخل‬takalkul rarefication
‫ خلسة‬kulsatan by stealth, stealthily,
‫ مَخلخل‬mukalkal and ‫ مَتخلخل‬mutakalkil surreptitiously, furtively
rarefied
‫ خلاسي‬kilāsī mulatto, bastard
‫ خلد‬kalada u (‫ خلود‬kulūd) to remain or last
forever, be everlasting; to be immortal, ‫ اختلاس‬iktilās pl. -āt embezzlement,
deathless, undying; to abide forever (‫ الى‬or misappropriation, defalcation
‫ ب‬in, with); to remain, stay (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ل‬ ‫ مَختلس‬muktalis embezzler, defalcator
at a place) │ ‫خلد الى الراحة‬to rest, relax; ‫خلد‬
‫ خلص‬kalaṣa u (‫ خلوص‬kulūṣ) to be pure,
‫ الى النوم‬to lie down to sleep II to make
unmixed, unadulterated; to belong (‫ ل‬to
eternal or everlasting, perpetuate,
s.o.); to get, come (‫ الى‬to), arrive (‫ الى‬at); --
eternalize (‫ هـ‬s.th.), make immortal,
(‫ خلص‬kallāṣ) to be or become free, be
immortalize (‫ هـ‬s.o.); to make
freed, be liberated (‫ مَن‬from), be cleared,
ineffaceable, unforgettable (‫ هـ‬s.th.; a
get rid (‫ مَن‬of); to be saved, be rescued,
memory); to remain, stay, abide, linger (‫ب‬
escape (‫ مَن‬from); to be redeemed, be
at, in a place); to grow very old, enjoy a
delivered, attain salvation (Chr.); --
long life, be long-lived IV to eternize,
(colloq.) to be finished, be done, be
immortalize, make immortal (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫هـ‬
through, be over; to be all gone II to clear,
s.th.); to perpetuate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to remain,
purify, refine, purge, rectify (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
stay, abide, linger (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب‬at, in a place)
clarify (‫ هـ‬a situation); to liberate, free,
253 to be disposed, incline, lean, tend (‫الى‬
save, rescue (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ مَن‬from), rid (. s.o., ‫مَن‬
to) V to become eternal or immortal,
of); to redeem, deliver (Chr.); to prepay
perpetuate o.s. j to be or become long,
the postage (‫ على‬on); to pay duty ( ‫على‬
lasting, perpetual
‫ البضائع‬on merchandise), clear (‫ على‬goods);
‫ خلد‬kuld infinite duration, endless time, to settle (‫ هـ‬a bill); (colloq.) to finish (‫هـ‬
perpetuity, eteruity │ ‫دار الخلد‬Paradise, the s.th.) │‫( خلص حقه‬ḥaqqahū) to restore one’s
hereafter right, secure one’s due III to act with
‫ خلد‬kuld mole (zool.) integrity, with sincerity (‫ ه‬toward s.o.),
treat (‫ ه‬s.o.) fair and square; to get even,
‫ خلد‬kalad, pl. ‫ اخلاد‬aklād mind, heart, become quits (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to dedicate (
spirit, temper ‫ هـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to be loyal (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to
‫ خلود‬kulūd infinite duration, endless be devoted, be faithful (‫ ل‬to) │ ‫اخلص له‬
time, perpetuity, eternity; eternal life, ‫( الحب‬ḥubba) to love s.o. dearly; ‫اخلص ل‬
immortality; abiding, remaining, staying ‫( دينه‬li-llāhi dīnahū) to worship God
faithfully and sincerely V to rid o.s. (‫مَن‬ ‫ اخلص‬iklāṣ sincere devotion, loyal
of), free o.s. (‫ مَن‬from), get rid (‫ مَن‬of); to attachment, sincere affection; sincerity,
be freed, be delivered, be saved, be frankness, candor; loyalty, faithfulness,
rescued, escape (‫ مَن‬from) VI to act with fidelity, allegiance (‫ ل‬to)
reciprocal integrity and sincerity; to be ‫ تخلص‬takalluṣ freedom, liberation,
quits, be even X to extract (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫مَن‬ release, extrication, escape (‫ مَن‬from)
from); to copy, excerpt (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ مَن‬from);
to abstract, take, gather, work out (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ استخلص‬istiklāṣ extraction; excerption;
as the quintessence, ‫ مَن‬of); to deduce, derivation, deduction; selection; collecting
infer, derive (‫ مَن‬s.th., ‫ مَن‬from); to (of a sum of money)
discover, make out, find out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ خالص‬kāliṣ pl. ‫ خلص‬kullaṣ clear; pure,
select, choose (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ; to demand unmixed, unadulterated; sincere, frank,
payment of a sum (‫ )هـ‬and get it (‫ مَن‬from candid, true; free, exempt (‫ مَن‬from) │
s.o.) │‫ استخلص فائدة مَن‬to derive profit from, ‫ خالص الجرة‬k. al-ujra post-free; ‫خالص الرد‬
profit, benefit from; ‫استخلص مَنه وعدا‬ k. ar-radd prepaid, reply paid for
(wa‘dan) to exact a promise from s.o. (telegram); ‫( خالص مَن الكمرك‬gumrug)
‫ خلص‬kalāṣ liberation, deliverance, dutyfree; ‫ خالص الضريبة‬tax-exempt
riddance; rescue, salvation (‫ مَن‬from); ‫ مَخلص‬mukalliṣ liberator; Savior,
redemption (Chr.); payment, settlement, Redeemer (Chr.)
liquidation (of a bill); receipt; placenta,
afterbirth 254 (‫ مَخلص )عليه‬mukallaṣ (‘alaihi) postage
paid
‫ خلصة‬kulāṣa pl. -āt excerpt; extract,
essence; quintessence, substance, gist (of ‫ مَخلص‬mukliṣ devoted; sincere, frank,
s.th.); abstract, resume, summary, candid; loyal; faithful (‫ ل‬to s.o., to s.th.);
epitome; synopsis │‫( خلصة نهائية‬nihā’īya) purehearted, virtuous, righteous; ‫المخلص‬
summation (jur.); ‫( الخلصة اللهوتية‬al- (in letters) approx.: yours truly …,
lāhītīya) the “summa theological” (of sincerely yours ...
Thomas Aquinas); ‫‘( خلصة عطرية‬iṭrīya) ‫ مَستخلص‬mustaklaṣ pl. -āt extract,
perfume essence; ‫ والخلصة‬in short, briefly, excerpt
in a word (introducing a summary of the
basic ideas) ‫ خلط‬kalaṭa i (kalṭ) to mix, mingle, commingle,
blend (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with); to confuse,
‫ خليص‬kalīṣ, pl. ‫ خلصاء‬kulaṣā’2 pure, confound, mix up (‫ بين‬two things; ‫بين – وبين‬
clear, unmixed, unadulterated; sincere, s.th. with), mistake (‫ و‬-- ‫ بين‬s.th. for) II to
faithful, loyal; loyal adherent mix, mingle, commingle, blend (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
‫ خلوص‬kulūṣ clearness, purity; sincerity, to cause confusion III to mix, mingle,
candor; frankness blend, merge, fuse (‫ هـ‬with s.th.); to
meddle (‫ هـ‬in), interfere (‫ هـ‬with); to mix,
‫ خلص‬kallāṣ (magr.) tax collector associate (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to have to do (‫ ه‬with
‫ مَخلص‬maklaṣ safe place; refuge, s.o.) │‫( خالط نفسه‬nafsahū) to befall, attack
escape, rescue, salvation, deliverance s.o. (pain, etc.); ‫ خولط في عقله‬kūliṭa fī
‘aqlihi to be or become disordered in
‫ تخليص‬taklīṣ clearing, purification, mind VIII to be mixed, mix, mingle, form
refining, rectification; clarification; a mixture or blend; to consist of a
liberation, extrication, deliverance, rescue, heterogeneous mixture, be motley,
salvation; payment, settlement, promiscuous; to associate, be on intimate
liquidation; prepayment of postage (‫على‬ terms (‫ ب‬with); to be or become confused,
on); customs clearance, payment of duty ( get all mixed up
‫ على البضائع‬on merchandise; also ‫تخليص‬
‫)البضائع‬ ‫ خلط‬kalṭ mixing, blending;
combination; mingling, commingling (‫ب‬
‫ مَخالصة‬mukālaṣa pl. -āt receipt with); confusing, confounding, mistaking,
mix-up, confusion
‫ خلط‬kilṭ pl. ‫ اخلط‬aklāṭ component of a confer, bestow (‫ على هـ‬s.th. upon s.o.),
mixture; ingredient; pl. mixture, blend │ ‫ا‬ grant, award (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to s.o.) │ ‫خلع ثيابه‬
‫ خلاط الَنسان‬the four humors of the human (tiyābahū) to undress; ‫‘( خلعه مَن العرش‬arš)
body (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and to dethrone s.o.; ‫( خلع عليه خلعة‬kil‘atan) to
black bile); ‫ اخلاط مَن الناس‬common people, bestow a robe of honor upon s.o.; ‫خلع على‬
populace, rabble, riffraff, mob; ‫ خلط مَلط‬kilṭ ‫( نفسه حق‬ḥaqqa) to arrogate to o.s. the right
milṭ, kalṭ malṭ motley, pell-mell, of ...; -- kalu‘a u (‫ خلاعة‬kalā‘a) to be
promiscuously 255 dissolute, morally depraved II to take
away, remove, displace, dislocate (‫هـ‬
‫ خلطة‬kalṭa mixture, blend, medley
s.th.); to knock out of joint, take or break
‫ خلطة‬kulta company; mixture apart (‫ هـ‬s.th.); pass. kulli‘a to fall to
‫ خلاط‬and ‫ خلاطة‬kallāṭa pl. -āt mixer, pieces, get out of joint III to divorce (‫ها‬
mixing machine one’s wife, in return for a compensation to
be paid by her) V to go to pieces, fall
‫ خليط‬kalīṭ mixed, blended; motley, apart, break; to become or be luxated,
heterogeneous, promiscuous; mixture, dislocated (joint); to take a vacation in the
blend (‫ مَن‬of); medley, hodgepodge; (pl. country (tun.) │ ‫(تخلع في الشراب‬šarāb) to be
‫ خلطاء‬kulaṭā’2) associate, companion, addicted to drinking, drink heavily VII to
comrade be displaced, be dislocated, be removed;
‫ تخليط‬taklīṭ pl. -āt insanity; delirium to be divested, be deprived, be stripped (
‫ مَن‬of s.th.), forfeit, lose (‫ مَن‬s.th.) │ ‫انخلع‬
‫ مَخالطة‬mukālaṭa company, intercourse, ‫( قلبه‬qalbuhū) he was completely taken
association aback, he was alarmed, startled
‫ اختلاط‬iktilāṭ (process of) mixing, ‫ خلع‬kal‘ slipping off, taking off (of
blending; mingling, commingling; clothes); deposition (e.g., of a ruler);
confusion; mental disorder; (social) dislocation, luxation │‫ خلع السنان‬extraction
intercourse, association, dealings (‫ ب‬with) of teeth
‫ مَخلوط‬maklūṭ pl. ‫ مَخاليط‬makālīṭ2 ‫ خلع‬kul‘ khula, divorce at the instance
mixture, blend; alloy of the wife, who must pay a compensation
‫ مَخلط‬mukallaṭ confused, disordered (Isl. Law)
‫ مَخالط‬mukālaṭ stricken, afflicted (‫ ب‬e.g., ‫ خلعة‬kil‘a pl. ‫ خلع‬kila‘ robe of honor
by a disease) ‫ خليع‬kalī‘ pl. ‫ خلعاء‬kula‘a’2 deposed,
‫ مَختلط‬muktaliṭ mixed │ ‫المحاكم المختلطة‬ dismissed, discharged (from an office);
the mixed courts, see ‫مَحكمة; تعليم مَختلط‬ repudiated, disowned; wanton, dissolute,
coeducation dissipated, profligate, morally depraved
‫ خلع‬kala‘a a (kal‘) to take off, put off, slip off ( ‫ خلاع‬kallā‘ wild, unruly, wanton,
‫ هـ‬a garment); to doff, take off (‫طربوشة‬ shameless, impudent
one’s tarboosh); to extract, pull (‫ هـ‬a ‫ خلاعة‬kalā‘a dissoluteness, dissipation,
tooth); to wrench, dislocate, luxate (‫ هـ‬a profligacy, wantonness, licentiousness,
joint); to depose, remove, dismiss, moral depravity; (tun.) recreation in the
discharge (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ مَن‬from an office); to country, summer vacation
renounce, forgo, give up (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
withdraw (‫ هـ‬from); to throw off, cost off ( ‫ خولع‬kaula’ fool, dolt, simpleton 256
‫‘ عذاره‬idārahū one’s restraint, one’s ‫ خالع‬kāli‘: ‫ خالع العذار‬k. al-‘idār
inhibitions); to refuse (‫ الطاعة‬obedience); unrestrained, ;uninhibited, wanton;
to disown, repudiate (‫ ابنه‬one’s son); to libertine, debauchee, roué, rake
divorce (‫ ها‬one’s wife) in return for a
compensation to be paid by her; to get ‫ مَخلوع‬maklū‘ unrestrained, uninhibited,
through, have done (‫ هـ‬with s.th.), be wanton; wild, unruly; reckless, heedless,
through, have gone through s.th. (‫هـ‬, e.g., a irresponsible; crazy, mad
hard day); to impart (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to); to
‫ خلف‬kalafa u to be the successor (‫ ه‬of s.o.), ‫ خلفي‬kalfī rear, hind, hinder, back
succeed (‫ ه‬s.o.): to follow (‫ ه‬s.o.), come ‫ خلف‬kilf pl. ‫ اخلاف‬aklāf test, nipple,
after s.o. (‫)ه‬: to take the place of s.o. (‫)ه‬, mammilla
substitute (. for s.o.): to replace (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫هـ‬
s.th.): to lag behind s.o. (‫)عن‬: to stay ‫ خلف‬kulf dissimilarity, disparity,
behind (‫ عن‬after s.o.’s departure); to be difference, contrast, variance, discrepancy
detained, be held back, be kept away, stay ‫ خلف‬kalaf pl. ‫ اخلاف‬aklāf substitute;
away (‫ مَن‬from) II to appoint as successor ( successor; descendant, offspring, scion
‫ ه‬s.o.); to leave behind, leave (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to have descendants, have offspring ‫ خلفة‬kilfa dissimilarity, disparity,
III to be contradictory, contrary, opposed ( difference; that which follows s.th. and
‫ هـ‬to): to conflict, clash, be at variance (‫هـ‬ replaces it (e.g., second growth of plants,
with); to contradict (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be day and night, etc.)
different, differ, diverge (‫ هـ‬from), be ‫ خليفة‬kalīfa pl. ‫ خلفاء‬kulafā’2, ‫خلائف‬
inconsistent, incompatible, not in keeping, kalā’if2 vicar, deputy; successor; caliph;
not to harmonize (‫ هـ‬with); to offend (‫هـ‬ (formerly) senior official of the native
against a command, a rule), break, violate, administration in Tunis, assigned to a ‫قائد‬
disobey (‫ هـ‬a command, a rule) IV to leave (formerly) title of the ruler of Spanish
(‫ ه‬offspring, children); to compensate, Morocco
requite, recompense (‫ على‬s.o.; said of
God): to break, fail to keep (‫ وعده‬wa‘dahū ‫ المنطقة الخليفية‬al-minṭaqa al-kalīfīya the
one’s promise), go back on one’s word; to Caliphate Zone (formerly, designation of
disappoint (‫ الرجاء‬ar-rajā’a the hopes) V Spanish Morocco)
to stay behind; to lag or fall behind (‫;)عن‬ ‫ خلفة‬kilāfa vicarship, deputyship;
to stay, stay on, remain; to fail to appear or succession; caliphate, office or rule of a
show up; to play truant; to be absent; to caliph: (formerly) administrative
stay away (‫ عن‬from), not go (‫ عن‬to), not department of a ‫( خليفة‬Tun.), see above
attend (‫ عن‬s.th.) │‫( تخلف عن المجيء‬majī’) to
‫ مَخلف‬miklāf pl. ‫ مَخاليف‬makālīf2
fail to come or arrive; ‫تخلف عن العودة‬
province (Yemen) 257
(‘auda) not to return VI to disagree, differ,
be at variance; to differ in opinion, be of a ‫ خلاف‬kilāf pl. -āt difference, disparity,
different mind VIII to differ, be different, dissimilarity; divergence, deviation;
vary (‫ عن‬from); to be varied, varying, contrast, contrariety, incongruity,
variable, various, diverse, dissimilar; to contradiction, conflict; disagreement,
vary (‫ بين‬between); to disagree, differ in difference of opinion (‫ على‬or ‫ في‬about);
opinion, be at variance, argue, quarrel, dispute, controversy; kilāfa (prep.) beside,
dispute (‫ في‬about); to come or go apart from, aside from │‫ خلافه‬kilāfuhū (=
frequently (‫ الى‬to), frequent, patronize (‫الى‬ ‫ )غيره‬other, the like, ‫ خلفهم‬others (than
a place), visit frequently (‫ الى‬s.o., s.th.), those mentioned), ‫ وخلفه‬and the like (after
come and go (‫ الى‬at); to come, descend ( an enumeration); ‫ بخلف‬bi-kilāfi beside,
‫ على‬upon s.o.; said of afflictions), befall, apart 'from, aside from; contrary to, as
overtake (‫ على‬s.o.) X to appoint as opposed to, unlike; ‫ خلافا ل‬kilāfan li
successor or vicar (‫ ه‬s.o.) contrary to, against, in contradiction to;
‫ على خلاف ذلك‬unlike that, contrary to that,
‫ خلف‬kalf back, rear, rear part or portion;
on the contrary, on the other hand
successors; kalfu and ‫ مَن خلف‬min kalfu
(adv.) at the back, in the rear; kalfa (prep.) ‫ خلفي‬kilāfī controversial, disputed
behind, after, in the rear of │ ‫ جرى خلفها‬he ‫ مَخالفة‬mukālafa pl. -āt contrast,
ran after her: ‫ مَن خلف‬min kalfi behind, in contrariety; contradiction, inconsistency;
the rear of; ‫ مَن الخلف‬from behind, from the contravention, infringement, violation;
rear; ‫ الى الخلف‬to the rear, backward, back; misdemeanor (jur.; as distinguished from
‫ الى خلف الشيء‬in the wake of s.th.; ‫في الخلف‬ ‫ جنحة‬and ‫ ;)جناية‬fine (for a misdemeanor)
in the rear; at the back, in the background
‫ تخلف‬takalluf staying away, ‫ خلق‬kalq creation; making; origination;
nonappearance, nonattendance, s.th. which is created, a creation;
nonpresence, absence, truancy (also ‫تخلف‬ creatures; people, man, mankind; physical
‫ ;)عن الحضور‬staying behind, staying on; constitution
stopover (railroad); backwardness ‫ خلق‬kulq, kuluq pl. ‫ اخلاق‬aklāq innate
‫ اختلاف‬iktilāf pl. -āt difference, peculiarity; natural disposition, character,
dissimilarity, disparity; diversity, variety; temper, nature; -- pl. ‫ اخلاق‬aklāq character
variant, variation; difference of opinion, (of a person); morals; morality │ ‫سوء الخلق‬
disagreement; controversy │ ‫الرعية على‬ sū’ al-k. ill nature; ‫ سيئ الخلق‬sayyi’ al-k. ill-
‫( اختلف المذاهب الدينية‬ra‘īya, dīnīya) the natured; ‫ سهل الخلق‬sahl al-k. complaisant,
subjects of every (= irrespective of their) obliging; ‫ ضيق الخلق‬ḍayyiq al-k. impatient,
religious denomination; ‫على اختلاف احزابهم‬ restless; ‫‘ علم الخلاق‬ilm al-a. ethics; moral
whichever party they may belong to; ‫الفواكه‬ science, morals; 258 ‫ سمو الخلاق‬sumūw al-
‫ على اختلفها‬all the different fruits, fruits of a. nobility of character; ‫ مَكارم الخلق‬noble
every kind manners, high moral standards; ‫شرطة‬
‫ الخلق‬šurṭa al-a. vice squad
‫ مَخلوفة‬maklūfa pl. -āt camel saddle
‫ خلقي‬kulqī ethic(al), moral │ ‫جرائم خلقية‬
‫ مَخلف‬mukallaf left, left behind; left
offenses against public morals
over; pl. ‫ مَخلفات‬heritage, legacy, estate;
scraps, leftovers ‫ خلق‬kalaq (m. and f.) pl. ‫ خلقان‬kulqān, ‫اخ‬
‫ لاق‬aklāq shabby, threadbare, worn
‫ مَخالف‬mukālif divergent, varying,
(garment)
different; inconsistent, incompatible,
contradictory, contrasting, conflicting; ‫ خلقة‬kilqa pl. ‫ خلق‬kilaq creation; innate
transgressor (of a command) peculiarity of character, natural
disposition, nature; constitution;
‫ مَتخلف‬mutakallif residual; left over;
physiognomy; kilqatan by nature
retarded, backward, underdeveloped
(mentally, in growth, etc.); pl. -ūn one left ‫ خلقي‬kilqī natural, native, congenital,
behind; straggler; pl. ‫ مَتخلفات‬heritage, innate, inborn, inbred
legacy, estate; leftovers; scraps, refuse, ‫ خلقة‬kalaqa rag, tatter
offal │‫( اتربة مَتخلفة‬atriba) waste material,
overburden, superstratum (in mining); ‫المياه‬ ‫ خلاق‬kalāq share (of positive qualities,
‫( المتخلفة‬miyāh) waste water, sewage of religion) │ ‫( لَ خلاق له‬kalāqa)
disgraceful, ignominious, despicable; a
‫ مَختلف‬muktalif different, varying, worthless fellow, a good-for-nothing
divergent (‫ مَن‬from); varied, various,
diverse; having a different opinion, ‫ خليق‬kalīq pl. ‫ خلقاء‬kulaqā’2 fit,
disagreeing (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬about) qualified, suitable, appropriate (‫ ل‬,‫ ب‬for
s.th., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.); apt (‫ ان‬to do s.th.); in
(‫ مَختلف فيه )عليه‬muktalaf fīhi (‘alaihi) keeping with (‫)ب‬, adequate (‫ ب‬to), worthy
controversial, disputed (‫ ب‬of) │‫ نحن خليقون ان‬it is (would be) only
‫ خلق‬kalaqa u (kalq) to create, make, originate ( fair that we ..., we should ..., we ought
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to shape, form, mold (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- to ...; ‫ هو خليق ان‬he is apt to ..., it is only
kaliqa a and kaluqa u to be old, worn, natural for him that he ...; ‫خليق بهذا ان يكون‬
shabby (garment); -- kaluqa u (‫خلاقة‬ ‫( مَؤلما‬mu’liman) this is apt to be paicful. it
kalāqa) to be fit, suitable, suited II to is only natural that this is painful; ‫نظرة‬
perfume (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to wear out (‫ هـ‬s.th.), ‫( يسيرة خليقة ان تقنعنا بأن‬tuqni‘anā) no more
let (‫ هـ‬s.th.) become old and shabby V than a quick glance is apt to convince us
pass. of II; to be molded, be shaped (‫ ب‬by that ...
a model or pattern), change (‫ ب‬with a ‫ خلوق‬kalūq of firm character, steadfast,
model); to become angry VIII to invent, upright
contrive, devise (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fabricate,
concoct, think up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to attribute ‫ اخلق‬aklaq more adequate, more
falsely (‫ هـ على‬to s.o. s.th.) appropriate, more natural
‫ خلاق‬kallāq Creator, Maker (God) o.s.; to commune with o.s., take counsel
with o.s., search one’s heart; ‫مَنذ عشر سنوات‬
‫ خليقة‬kalīqa the creation, the universe
‫ خلت‬mundu ‘ašri sanawātin kalat for the
created by God; nature; natural
past ten years II to vacate, evacuate (‫هـ‬
disposition, trait, characteristic; creatures,
s.th.); to leave, leave alone (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
created beings; pl. ‫ خلئق‬kalā’iq2 creatures,
release, let go (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to desist,
created beings
abstain, refrain (‫ عن‬from), give up (‫عن‬
‫ اخلقي‬aklāqī moral; ethic(al); ethicist, s.th.) │‫( خلى سبيله‬sabīlahū) to let s.o. off,
moral philosopher │‫( جرم اخلقي‬jurm) let s.o. go, release s.o.; ‫خلى بين فلن وبين‬
offence against public morals; ‫الفلسفة‬ ‫ الشيء‬to give s.o. a free hand in, let s.o.
‫( الخلقية‬falsafa) moral science, moral have his own way with or in, let s.o. alone
philosophy; ethics with; to open the way for s.o. to; ‫خل عنك‬
‫ أخلقية‬aklāqīya morality, moral practice ‫ هذه الميول‬kalli ‘anka h. l-muyūla desist
from such desires! IV to empty, void,
‫ خلقاني‬kulqānī dealer in old clothes drain, deplete (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. of); to vacate,
‫ خالق‬kāliq creative; Creator, Maker leave uninhabited or untenanted (‫ هـ‬a
(God) place); to evacuate (‫ هـ‬a city) │‫اخلى سبيله‬
(sabīlahū) to let s.o. off, let s.o. go, release
‫ مَخلوق‬maklūq created; (pl. -āt. ‫مَخاليق‬ s.o.; ‫ اخلى السبيل ل‬to open the way for ...;
makālīq2) creature, created being ‫( اخلى طرف‬ṭarafahū) to dismiss, discharge
‫ مَختلق‬muktaliq inventor, fabricator (of s.o., send s.o. away; to exonerate,
untruths) exculpate, clear s.o.; ‫( اخلى سمعه ل‬sam‘ahū)
to be all ears for ..., listen intently to ...;
‫ مَختلق‬muktalaq fabricated, trumped up,
‫ اخلى بينه وبين مَا يقول‬to let s.o. say whatever
invented, fictitious; apocryphal; pl. -āt
he likes, let s.o. talk freely V to give up,
lies, falsehoods, fabrications, fictions
relinquish, forgo, abandon (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬s.th.),
‫ خلقين‬kalqīn pl. ‫ خلقين‬kalāqīn2 caldron, withdraw, resign (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬from); to cede,
boiler, kettle leave, surrender (‫ ل عن‬s.th. to s.o.); to lay
1
‫ خلنج‬kalanj heath, erica (bot.) down (‫ عن‬an office) VIII to retire,
withdraw, step aside, be alone (‫ ب‬or ‫مَع‬
2
‫ خلنجان‬kulungān (eg.) (rhizome of) galingale with)
(Polypodium Calaguala Kz.; bot.)
‫ خلو‬kilw free (‫ مَن‬from), devoid (‫ مَن‬of)
(‫ خل )خلو‬kalā u (kulūw, ‫ خلء‬kalā’) to be
empty, vacant; -- (kuluw) to be free (‫ مَن‬or ‫ خلو‬kulūw emptiness, vacuity; freedom
‫ عن‬from); to be devoid (‫ مَن‬of s.th.), lack, (‫ مَن‬from)
want (‫ مَن‬s.th.), be in need (‫ مَن‬of); to be ‫ خل‬kalā and ‫( مَا خل‬with foll. acc. or
vacant (office); -- (‫ خلوة‬kalwa) to be alone genit.) except, save, with the exception of
(‫ مَع‬,‫ الى‬,‫ ب‬with s.o., ‫ الى‬also: with or in
‫ خلء‬kalā’ emptiness, vacuity; empty
s.th.); to isolate o.s., seclude o.s.; to
space, void, vacancy, vacuum; open
withdraw, retire (‫ للمداولة‬li-l-mudāwala for
country │‫ تحت الخلء‬or ‫ في الخلء‬under the
deliberation; court, jury); to withdraw for
open sky, outdoors, in the open air; ‫بيت‬
spiritual communion, in order to take
‫ الخلء‬bait al-k. toilet, water closet
counsel (‫ الى‬with); to devote o.s., apply
o.s.. give one's attention (‫ ل‬to s.th.); ‫خل به‬ ‫ خلوة‬kalwa pl. kalawāt privacy, solitude;
to forsake, desert s.o., leave s.o. in the seclusion, isolation, retirement; place of
lurch; -- to pass (‫ ه‬s.o.), go by s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to retirement or seclusion, retreat, recess;
pass, elapse, go by, be bygone, past, over secluded room; hermitage; religious
(time) │‫( خل له الجو‬jaww) to have free assembly hall of the Druses; booth, cabin
scope. have freedom 259 of action; ‫لَ يخلو‬ │‫ على خلوة‬alone; in retirement, in
‫( مَن جمال‬jamāl) it is not without a certain seclusion; ‫ خلوة الحمام‬k. al-ḥammām
beauty; ‫( لَ يخلو مَن مَبالغة‬mubālaga) it is bathhouse
slightly exaggerated; ‫ لَ يخلو مَن فائدة‬it is not ‫ خلوي‬kalawī lonely, solitary, secluded,
quits useless; ‫ خل الى نفسه‬to be alone with isolated, outlying; located in the open
country, rural, rustic, country │‫بيت خلوي‬ soothe, lull, still, quiet (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
(bait) country house suppress, quell (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to subdue, soften,
deaden, dull (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stifle, smother,
‫ خلى‬kalīy pl. ‫ اخلياء‬akliyā’2 free (‫مَن‬
kill (‫ هـ‬s.th.; fig.)
from), void, devoid (‫ مَن‬of) │‫خلى البال‬
carefree, easygoing, happy-go-lucky ‫ خمود‬kumūd extinction; decline,
degeneration, deterioration; quietness,
‫ خلية‬kalīya pl. ‫ خليا‬kalāyā beehive; cell
stillness, tranquility, calm; immobility,
(biol.) │‫( الخلية الحيوية الولى‬al-ḥayawīya l-
motionlessness
ūlā) protoplasm; ‫ مَن خليا‬from within ...,
from inside ..., out of ... ‫ اخماد‬ikmād extinction, putting out;
calming, soothing, placation,
‫ مَخلة‬miklāh nosebag
appeasement, lulling, stilling; subduing,
‫ تخلية‬takliya vacating, evaluation softening, dulling; settlement;
‫ اخلء‬iklā’ emptying, voiding, draining; suppression, quelling (of a riot)
clearing; vacating, evacuation │‫اخلء سبيله‬ ‫ خامَد‬kāmid dying; abating, subsiding;
i. sabīlihī; his release calm, tranquil, still, quiet
‫ تخل‬takallin relinquishment, ‫ خمر‬kamara u (kamr) and II to cover, hide,
abandonment, surrender, renunciation, conceal (8 ‫هـ‬.th.); to leaven, raise (‫هـ‬
resignation (‫ عن‬of s.th.) dough); to ferment (‫ هـ‬s.th.), cause
‫ اختلء‬iktilā’ privacy, solitude fermentation (‫ هـ‬in) III to permeate,
pervade (‫ هـ‬s.th.), mix, blend (‫ هـ‬with); to
‫ خال‬kālin empty, void; open, vacant (office, possess, seize, overcome (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., an
position); free, unrestrained, untrammeled, idea, a feeling) IV to leaven, raise (‫هـ‬
unencumbered; free (‫ مَن‬from), devoid (‫مَن‬ dough); to ferment (‫ هـ‬s.th.), cause
of) │in numerous compounds fermentation (‫ هـ‬in); to harbor, entertain (‫هـ‬
corresponding to Engl. -less or un-, e.g., s.th.); to bear a grudge, feel resentment (‫ل‬
‫ خال مَن الفائدة‬useless, ‫( خال مَن السكان‬sukkān) against s.o.) V to ferment, be in a state of
uninhabited, untenanted, unoccupied; ‫خالي‬ fermentation; to rise (dough); to veil the
‫ الدين‬kālī d-dain not bound by, without head and face (woman) VI to conspire,
obligation to, free (‫ مَن‬from); ‫خالى البال‬ plot, collude, scheme, intrigue (‫على‬
carefree, easygoing, happy-go-lucky; -- against) VIII to ferment, be in a state of
(pl. ‫ خوال‬kawālin) 260 past, bygone (time) fermentation; to rise (dough); to become
│‫ القرون الخالية‬the past centuries; ‫في الَيام‬ ripe, ripen (also fig.: an idea in s.o.’s
‫ الخوالي‬fī l-ayyāmi l-kawālī in the days past mind)
‫ خم‬kamma u (kamm) to sweep (‫ هـ‬a room); -- i ‫ خمر‬kamr m. and f., pl. ‫ خمور‬kumūr
u (kamm, ‫ خموم‬kumūm) to exude a rotten, wine; pl. alcoholic beverages, liquor
foul smell; to rot, putrefy, decay
‫ خمرة‬kamra wine
‫ خم‬kumm pl. ‫ اخمام‬akmām coop, chicken
coop, brooder; poultry pen ‫ خمري‬kamrī golden brown, reddish
brown, bronze-colored (actually, wine-
‫ خمة‬kamma putrid smell, stench colored)
‫ خام‬kāmm stinking, rotten, putrid, foul- ‫ خمرية‬kamrīya pl. -āt wine poem,
smelling; kām look up alphabetically bacchanalian verse
‫ مَخم‬mukimm stinking, rotten, putrid, ‫ خمار‬/fimar pl. ‫ اخمرة‬akmira, ‫ خمر‬kumur
foul-smelling veil covering head and face of a woman
‫ خمج‬kamija a (kamaj) to spoil, rot, ‫ خمار‬kumār aftereffect of intoxication,
decay hang-over
‫ خمد‬kamada u (‫ خمود‬kumūd) to go out, die ‫ خمير‬kamīr leavened (dough); ripe,
(fire); to abate, subside, let up, calm mature, mellow; leaven; leavened bread
down, cease, die down IV to extinguish,
put out (‫ هـ‬fire); to calm, appease, placate,
‫ خميرة‬kamīra pl. ‫ خمائر‬kamā’ir2 leaven; ‫ خماسي‬kumāsī fivefold, quintuple;
ferment; barm, yeast; enzyme (chem.); consisting of five consonants (gram.) │‫خما‬
(fig.) starter, nucleus, basis (from which ‫( سي‬zawāyā) pentagonal, five-cornered
s.th. greater develops) ‫ خميسة‬kumaisa (mor. Pronounced kmīsa)
‫ خمار‬kammār wine merchant, keeper of ornament in the shape of a hand (worn by
a wineshop women and children as a talisman against
the evil eye)
‫ خمارة‬kammāra wineshop, tavern
‫ الخامَس‬al-kāmis the fifth
‫ خمير‬kimmīr winebibber, drunkard,
tippler, sot ‫ مَخمس‬mukammas pentagonal, five-
cornered; pentagon; fivefold, quintuple; O
‫ تخمير‬takmīr leavening, raising (of
pentameter
dough); fermenting, fermentation
‫ خمش‬kamaša i u (kamš) and II to scratch (‫هـ‬
‫ اختمار‬iktimār (process of) fermentation
e.g., the face, the skin, with the nails)
‫ مَخمور‬makmūr drunk, intoxicated,
‫ خمش‬kamš pl. ‫ خموش‬kumūš scratch,
inebriated
scratch mark, scar
‫ مَختمر‬muktamir fermenting, fermented;
‫ خماشة‬kumāša pl. -āt scratch, scar
alcoholic 261
‫ خمص‬kamaṣa u and kamiṣa a to be empty,
‫ خمس‬II to quintuple, make fivefold, multiply
hungry (stomach)
by five (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make pentagonal (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to divide into five parts (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ خميص‬kamīs ‫ خميص البطن‬k. al-baṭn, ‫خمي‬
‫ ص الحشا‬k. al-ḥašā with an empty stomach,
‫ خمس‬kums pl. ‫ خمس‬akmās one fifth │
hungry
‫ ضرب اخماسه في اسداسه‬ḍaraba akmāsahū fī
asdāsihī and ‫( ضرب اخماسا لسداس‬li- ‫ اخمص القدم‬akmaṣ al-qadam pl. ‫ اخامَص‬akāmiṣ2
asdāsin) to rack one’s brain in search of a hollow of the sale (of the foot) │ ‫مَن الرأس‬
way out; to be at one’s wit’s end; to ‫ الى اخمص القدم‬from head to toe
scheme, intrigue ‫ خمع‬kama‘a a (kam‘, ‫ خموع‬kumū‘) to limp,
‫ خمسة‬kamsa (f. ‫ خمس‬kams) five walk with a limp
‫ خمسة عشر‬kamsata ‘ašara (f. ‫خمس عشرة‬ ‫ خمل‬kamala u (‫ خمول‬kumūl) to be unknown,
kamsa ‘ašrata) fifteen obscure, undistinguished; to be weak,
languid
‫ خمسون‬kamsūn fifty │ ‫‘ عيد الخمسين‬īd al-
k. Whitsuntide, Pentecost; ‫ احد الخمسين‬aḥad ‫ خمل‬kami and ‫ خملة‬kamla nap, the
al-k. Whitsunday; ‫ أيام الخمسين‬ayyām al- rough, hairy surface of a fabric; fibers
kamsīn the period of about 50 days ‫ خمل‬kamil languid, sluggish, dull,
between Easter and Whitsuntide; □ ‫خمسين‬ listless
and ‫ خماسين‬khamsin, a hot southerly wind
in Egypt ‫ خمول‬kumūl obscurity; weakness
lassitude, languor, lethargy; indolence,
‫‘ عيد خمسين‬īd kamsīn 50th anniversary sluggishness, inactivity; apathy,
‫ خميس‬kamīs and ‫ يوم الخميس‬yaum al-k. indifference; sleepiness, drowsiness
Thursday │‫ خميس الجسد‬k. al-jasad Corpus ‫ خميلة‬kamīla pl. ‫ خمائل‬kamā’il2 place
Christi Day (Chr.); ‫ خميس الفصح‬k. al-fiṣḥ, with luxuriant tree growth; thicket, brush,
‫ خميس السرار‬k. al-asrār, and ‫ خميس العهد‬k. scrub
al-‘ahd Maundy Thursday (Chr.)
‫ خامَل‬kāmil unknown, obscure,
‫ خماس‬kammās pl. ‫ خماسة‬kamāmisa undistinguished, unimportant, minor;
(magr.) sharecropper receiving one fifth weak, languid, sluggish
of the crop as wages
‫ مَخمل‬mukmal velvet-like fabric, velvet
‫ مَخملي‬mukmalī velvety │‫( جلد مَخملي‬jild) ‫ اخنس‬aknas f. ‫ خنساء‬kansā’2, pl. ‫خنس‬
deerskin, buckskin kuns pug-nosed
‫ خمن‬II to guess, conjecture, surmise; to make ‫ خنشار‬kinšār fern (bot.)
conjectures (‫ هـ‬as to); to assess, appraise, ‫ خنوص‬kinnauṣ pl. ‫ خنانيص‬kanānīṣ2 piglet
estimate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) 262
‫ خنصر‬kinṣir pl. ‫ خناصر‬kanāṣir2 little finger │
‫ تخمين‬takmīn appraisal, assessment, ‫ عقد الخنصر )الخناصر( على‬to give s.th. top-
estimation; ‫ تخمينا‬takmīnan and ‫على تخمين‬ rating because of its excellence, put s.th.
approximately, roughly above everything else
‫ خمن‬mukammin appraiser, assessor ‫ خنع‬kana‘a a (‫ خنوع‬kunū‘) to yield, surrender,
1
‫خن‬kanna i (‫ خنين‬kanīn) to speak nasally, bow, stoop (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o.). humble o.s.,
nasalize; to twang, speak through the nose cringe (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬before s.o.)
‫ خنة‬kunna nasal twang ‫ خنوع‬kanū‘ submissive, servile, meek,
humble; treacherous, perfidious, disloyal
‫ خنين‬kanīn twanging, nasal twang
‫ خنوع‬kunū‘ submissiveness, meekness,
‫ اخن‬akann2, f. ‫ خناء‬kanna’2 twanging,
servility
speaking through the nose
2 ‫ خنف‬kanaf (eg.) twanging, nasal twang
‫ خن‬kunn (= ‫ خم‬kumm) pl. ‫ اخنان‬aknān coop.
chicken coop, brooder ‫ خنفر‬kanfara to snuffle, snort
‫ خنث‬kanita a to be soft, effeminate V to ‫ خنفس‬kunfus and ‫ خنفساء‬kunfusā’2 pl. ‫خنافس‬
display effeminate manners, become or be kanāfis2 dung beetle, scarab
effeminate ‫ خنق‬kanaqa u (kanq) to choke (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
‫ خنث‬kanit oft, effeminate suffocate, stifle, smother, strangle,
throttle, choke to death (‫ ه‬s.o.); to throttle
‫ خنثى‬kuntā pl. ‫ خناث‬kināt, ‫ خناثى‬kanatā
down (techn.; ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to slow down, cut,
hermaphrodite
check, suppress (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to quarrel,
‫ خنوثة‬kunūta effeminacy have a fight (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to quarrel,
‫ تخنث‬takannut effeminacy dispute, have a fight (‫ مَع‬with s.o.) VII
pass. of I; VIII to he throttled, be
‫ مَخنث‬mukannat bisexual; effeminate; suppressed; to be tight, constricted
powerless, impotent, weak (throat); to be strangled, be choked to
‫ خنجر‬kanjar pl. ‫ خناجر‬kanājir2 dagger death
‫ خنخن‬kankana to nasalize, speak, nasally; to ‫ خنق‬kanq strangling, strangulation; throttling,
twang, speak through the nose suppression │ ‫خنق النوار‬k. al-anwāar dim-
out
‫ خندق‬kandaqa to dig a ditch or trench (‫ ;)خندقا‬to
take up positions, prepare for battle ‫ خنقة اليد‬kanqat (kunqat) al-yad wrist
‫ خندق‬kandaq pl. ‫ خنادق‬kanādiq2 ditch; trench ‫ خناق‬kunāq suffocation; angina (med.); kunāq
and ‫ خانوق‬kānūq quinsy, diphtheria 263
‫ خنزوانية‬kunzuwānīya megalomania (med.); pl. ‫ خوانق‬kawāniq2 and ‫خوانيق‬
‫ خنزب‬kanzab Satan, Devil kawānīq2 do.
‫ خنزير‬kinzīr pl. ‫ خنازير‬kanāzir2 swine, pig, hog; ‫ خناق‬kannāq choking, throttling, strangling
‫( خنزير بري‬barrī) wild hoar; ‫ خنازير‬scrofula, ‫ مَخنق‬maknaq neck, throat │‫ أخذه بمخنقه‬to grab
scrofulosis (med.) s.o. by the throat, bear down on s.o.; to
‫ خنزيرة‬kinzīra sow have power over s.o.
‫ خنازيري‬kanāzīrī scrofulous ‫ خناق‬kināq strangling cord; neck, throat │ ‫ضيق‬
‫( الخناق على‬ḍayyaqa) to tighten the grip
‫ الخناس‬al-kannās epithet of the Devil (properly
around s.o.’s throat, tread on s.o.’s neck,
speaking, he who withdraw, when the
name of God is mentioned)
oppress s.o., beset s.o. grievously; ‫أخذ بخناقه‬ languish, flag; to dwindle, give out
to grab s.o. by the throat (strength)
‫ خناق‬kināq and ‫ خناقة‬kināqa quarrel, ‫ خور‬kaur pl. ‫ اخوار‬akwār, ‫ خيران‬kīrān
fight, row inlet, bay
‫ اختناق‬iktināq suffocation, asphyxiation; ‫ خور‬kawar weakness, fatigue,
constriction; asphyxia (med.) enervation, languor, lassitude
‫ خانق‬kāniq choking, strangling; ‫ خوار‬kuwār lowing, mooing
suffocating, asphyxiating, stifling, ‫ خوار‬kawwār weak, languid,
smothering; throttling, throttle· (in strengthless
compounds; tech.); (pl. ‫ خوانق‬kawāniq2)
2
choke coil, reactor (radio); gorge, ravine, ‫ خوري‬kūrī pl. ‫ خورنة‬kawārina parson, curate,
canyon │ ‫ غاز خانق‬asphyxiating gas; ‫خان‬ priest; see also under ‫خير‬
‫ ق الذئب‬k. ad-di’b wolfsbane, monkshood, ‫ خورس‬kūrus choir (of a church)
aconite (bot.)
‫ خوزق‬kauzaqa to impale (‫ ه‬s.o.); to comer,
‫ مَخنوق‬maknūq strangled; suffocated, drive into a comer, get into a bad fix (‫ه‬
stifled, smothered; suppressed, choking s.o.)
(voice, laughter, etc.); constricted;
strangulated; throttled ‫ خازوق‬see ‫خزق‬
‫ مَختنق‬muktaniq crammed, jammed, crowded, ‫ ورق خوشق‬waraq kaušaq wrapping paper;
chock-full (‫ ب‬with) blotting paper
1
(‫ خنو‬and ‫ خنا )خنى‬kanā u, ‫ خني‬kaniya a (‫خنى‬ ‫ خوص‬kūṣ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬palm leaves
kanan) to use obscene language IV to hit ‫ خوصة‬kūṣa (eg.) plaitwork of palm
hard, afflict grievously, wear down, ruin, leaves (resembling that of Panama hats;
destroy, crush (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.; said of fate) used as a tarboosh lining)
‫ خنى‬kanan obscene language; s.th. ‫ خواصة‬kiwwāṣa art of palm-leaf plaiting
indecent or obscene; prostitution; 264
fornication 2
‫ خوص‬kawaṣ and ‫ اخوص‬see ‫خوص‬
‫ خواجة‬kawāja pl. -āt sir, Mr. (title and form of 3
address, esp., for Christians and ‫خ ف‬
‫ خويصة‬see ‫ص‬
Westerners, used with or without the name 1
(‫ خاض )خوض‬kāḍ ‫ هـ‬u (kauḍ, ‫ خياض‬kiyāḍ) to
of the person so addressed) wade (‫ هـ‬into water); to plunge, dive, rush
‫ خوان‬kuwān, kiwān pl. ‫ اخونة‬akwina, ‫اخاوين‬ (‫ هـ‬into s.th.), tackle courageously (‫هـ‬
akāwīn2 table │‫ خوان الزينة‬k. az-zīna s.th.), embark boldly (‫ هـ‬on); to penetrate (
dressing table ‫ هـ‬or ‫ في‬into), become absorbed, engrossed
(‫ هـ‬or ‫ في‬in); to go into a subject (‫)في‬, take
‫ خوجة‬kōga (eg.) teacher, schoolmaster up (‫ في هـ‬subject), deal (‫ في‬with) │ ‫خاض‬
‫ خوخ‬II (eg.) to rot, decay, spoil ‫( المعركة‬ma‘raka) to rush into battle; ‫خاض‬
‫( غمار الحرب‬gimāra l-ḥarb) to enter the war
‫ خوخ‬kauk (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬peach (eg.);
plum (syr.) ‫ خوض‬kawḍ, plunge, rush (into);
entering, entry (into, e.g., into war, into
‫ خوخة‬kauka pl. kuwak skylight, negotiations); penetration; search (‫في‬
windowlike opening; wicket (of a canal into), examination, discussion, treatment (
lock, of a gate); (eg.) alley connecting two ‫ في‬of a subject)
streets
‫ مَخاضة‬makāḍa pl. -āt, ‫ مَخاوض‬makāwiḍ2
‫ خوذة‬kūda pl. -āt, ‫ خوذ‬kuwad helmet ford
1(‫ خار )خور‬kāra (‫ خوار‬kuwār) to low, moo 2
‫ مَخاض‬see ‫مَخض‬
(cattle); -- ‫ خور‬kawira a (‫ خور‬kawar) and
‫ خار‬kāra u to decline in force or vigor; to (‫ خاف )خوف‬kāfa (1st pers. perf. kiftu) a (kauf,
grow weak, spiritless, languid, to ‫ مَخافة‬makāata, ‫ خيفة‬kīfata) to be frightened,
scared; to be afraid (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫مَن‬. of), dread ( ‫ خولى‬kaulī supervisor, overseer (of a
‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ مَن‬s.o. or s.th.); to fear (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫مَن‬ plantation); gardener
s.o., s.th.; ‫ على‬for s.o., for s.th.; ‫ ان‬that) II ‫ خؤولة‬ku’ūla relationship of the
and IV to frighten, scare, alarm, fill with maternal uncle
fear (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I
‫ مَخول‬mukawwal authorized (‫ ب‬to)
‫ خوف‬kauf fear, dread (‫ مَن‬of); ‫خوفا‬
kaufan for fear (‫ مَن‬of), fearing (‫ على‬for) ‫ خام‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ خيفة‬kīfa fear, dread (‫ مَن‬of) (‫ خان )خون‬kana u (kaun, ‫ خيانة‬kiyāna) to be
disloyal, faithless, false, treacherous,
‫ خواف‬kawwāf, ‫ خويف‬kawīf fainthearted, perfidious, act disloyally, treacherously,
fearful, timid, timorous; coward, poltroon perfidiously (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to betray (‫ه‬
‫ اخوف‬akwaf2 more timorous; more s.o.); to cheat, dupe, gull, hoodwink (‫ه‬
dreadful, more to be feared s.o.), impose (‫ ه‬upon), deceive (‫زوجته‬
one’s wife); to fool, deceive, mislead 265
‫ مَخافة‬makāfa fear, dread │‫مَخافة ان‬
(‫ ه‬s.o.; said, e.g., of the memory); to
(makāfatan) for fear that ..., afraid that ...
forsake, let down, desert (‫ ه‬s.o.); to fail (‫ه‬
‫ مَخاوف‬makāwif2 (pl. zu ‫ )مَخافة‬fears, s.o.; e.g., the voice, and the like); to fail to
apprehensions, anxieties; horrors, dangers, keep (‫ هـ‬e.g., a promise), break (‫عهدا‬
perils ‘ahdan a contract) II to regard as or call
‫ تخويف‬takwīf and ‫ اخافة‬ikāfa faithless, false, disloyal, treacherous,
intimidation, bullying, cowing, dishonest, unreliable (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distrust,
frightening, scaring mistrust (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to impair, harm, hurt,
prejudice (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII to dupe, gull,
‫ تخوف‬takawwuf fear, dread cheat, deceive, double-cross, betray (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ خائف‬kā’if pl. ‫ خوف‬kuwwaf fearful, X ‫ استخون‬istakwana to distrust, mistrust (‫ه‬
timid, timorous; scared, frightened, s.o.)
alarmed (‫ مَن‬by); afraid (‫ مَن‬of); anxious ( ‫ خيانة‬kiyāna faithlessness, falseness,
‫ على‬about), apprehensive (‫ على‬for) disloyalty, treachery, perfidy; breach of
‫ مَخوف‬makūf feared, dreaded; faith, betrayal; treason; deception, fooling
dangerous, perilous │‫ خيانة المَانة‬k. al-amāna breach of faith;
‫‘( خيانة عظمى‬uẓmā) high treason; ‫خيانة الوعود‬
‫ مَخيف‬mukīf fear-inspiring, frightful, breach of promise
dreadful, terrible, horrible
‫ خؤون‬ka’ūn faithless, false, disloyal,
‫ خاكى‬look up alphabetically traitorous, treacherous, perfidious;
‫ خول‬II to grant, accord, give, concede (‫ هـ ه‬to unreliable, tricky, deceptive
s.o. s.th., also ‫ ;هـ ل‬esp., the right, the ‫ خوان‬kawwān unreliable, faithless,
power to do s.th.), bestow, confer (‫هـ ه‬ disloyal, treacherous, perfidious; traitor
upon s.o. s.th., also ‫)هـ ل‬, vest, endow (‫هـ ه‬
s.o. with s.th., also. ‫)ل‬ ‫ خائن‬kā’in pl. ‫ خوان‬kuwwān, ‫خونة‬
kawana disloyal, faithless, false,
‫ خال‬kāl pl. ‫ اخوال‬akwāl, ‫ خؤول‬ku’ūl, ‫خولة‬ unreliable, traitorous, treacherous,
ku’ūla (maternal) uncle; -- (pl. ‫ خيلن‬kīlān) perfidious; traitor
mole, birthmark (on the face);
2
‫ خان‬and ‫ خانة‬look up alphabetically
O patch, beauty spot
3
‫ خوان‬look up alphabetically
‫ خالة‬kāla pl. -āt (maternal) aunt
1
‫ خوي‬kawā i (‫ خواء‬kawā’, ‫ خوى‬kawan) to be
‫ خول‬kawal chattels, property, esp., that empty, be hungry; -- kawiya a (‫خواء‬
consisting in livestock and slaves; kawā’) to be empty, bare, dreary, desolate,
servants; (eg.) dancer; effeminate person, waste
sissy
‫ خواء‬kawā’ and ‫ خوى‬kawan
emptinessv(of the stomach), hunger
‫ خاو‬kāwin empty, vacant; dreary, waste, property; -- good, benefit, interest,
desolate │‫‘( خاو على عروشه‬urūšihī) advantage; welfare; charity │‫ خير الناس‬the
completely devastated; ‫ خاوى الوفاض‬k. l- best of all people; ‫ اخيار الناس‬,‫ خيار الناس‬the
wifāḍ (= ‫ )خالى الوفاض‬with an empty pouch, beat people, the pick of the human race; ‫هو‬
empty-handed, without a catch ‫ خير مَنك‬he ill better than you; ‫ هو خير لك‬it is
better for you; ‫ الخير كل الخير‬the very best;
‫ خوى‬III to join (‫ ه‬s.o.), join the company of (‫)ه‬,
‫‘( الخير العام‬āmm) the commonweal, general
accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.)
welfare; ‫ دولة الخير العام‬welfare state; ‫لخير‬
‫ خوي‬kuwaiy little brother for the benefit of; ‫ لخير انفسهم‬li-k. anfusihim
‫ خوة‬kuwa brotherliness, fraternity (= for their own good; ‫ اعمال الخير‬charitable
‫ اخوة‬ukūwa) deeds; ‫ صباح الخير‬ṣabāḥ al-k. and ‫صباحك‬
‫ بالخير‬good morning! ‫( ذكره بالخير‬dakarahū)
‫ مَخاو‬mukāwin brotherly, fraternal to retain a good impression. of s.o.; to
‫ خيار‬kiyār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬cucumber │ ‫خيار شنير‬ speak well of s.o.
k. šanbar (eg.) drumstick tree, purging ‫ خيري‬kairī charitable, beneficent,
cassia (Cassia fistula; bot.); ‫ خيار قشة‬k. benevolent, philanthropic │‫جمعية خيرية‬
qašša (eg.) gherkins, pickles (jam‘īya) charitable organization
(‫ خاب )خيب‬kāba i (‫ خيبة‬kaiba) to fail, miscarry, ‫ خيرية‬kairīya charity, charitableness,
be without success, be unsuccessful; to be benevolence, beneficence
frustrated, be dashed, be disappointed
(hopes); to go wrong II and IV to cause to ‫ خير‬kayyir generous, liberal,
fail; to thwart, frustrate, fail, defeat (‫هـ‬ openhanded, munificent; charitable,
s.th.); to disappoint, dash (‫ أمَاله‬āmālahū beneficent, benevolent; benign, gracious,
s.o.’s hopes) V = I kind

‫ خيبة‬kaiba failure, miscarriage, defeat, ‫ خيرة‬kaira pl. -āt good deed, good
frustration; fizzle, flop; disappointment │ thing; pl. ‫ خيرات‬resources, treasures (e.g.,
‫ ولد خيبة‬walad k., f. ‫ بنت خيبة‬bint k. (eg.) a of the earth, of a country), boons,
good-for-nothing, a ne’er-do-well blessings

‫ خائب‬kā’ib failing; abortive, unsuccessful; ‫ خيرة‬kīra and kiyara the best, choice,
disappointed prime, flower, pick, elite

(‫ خار )خير‬kāra i to choose, make one’s choice; ‫ خيري‬kīrī gillyflower (bot.)


to prefer (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to) II to make or let (‫ه‬ ‫ اخير‬akyar 2, f. ‫ خيرى‬kīrā, ‫ خورى‬kūrā pl. ‫ا‬
s.o.) choose (‫ بين‬between, ‫ في‬from), give (‫ه‬ ‫ خاير‬akāyir2 better, superior
s.o.) the alternative, option or choice (‫بين‬
‫ خيار‬kiyār choice; option, exercise of
between, ‫ في‬in); to prefer (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to)
the power of choice (Isl. Law); refusal,
III to vie, compete (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to make or
right of withdrawal (Isl. Law); the best,
let (‫ ه‬s.o.) choose, give (‫ ه‬s.o.) the choice,
choice, prime, flower, pick, elite; see also
option or alternative V to choose, select,
alphabetically
pick (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) VIII to choose, make
one’s choice; to choose, select, elect, pick ‫ خياري‬kiyārī optional, facultative;
(‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), fix upon s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫;)هـ‬ voluntary
to prefer (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to) │‫اختار ا الى جواره‬ ‫ اختيار‬iktiyār choice; election (also pol.;
... (jiwārihī) approx.: the Lord has taken ... pl. -āt); selection; preference ( ‫على‬to);
unto Himself X to seek or request what is option; free will (philos.); ‫ اختيارا‬iktiyāran
good or best (‫ )هـ‬for o.s. (‫ ه‬from s.o.); to of one’s own accord, spontaneously,
consult an oracle, cast lots │‫ استخار ا في‬to voluntarily
ask God for proper guidance in
‫ اختياري‬iktiyārī voluntary, facultative,
‫ خير‬kair pl. ‫ خيار‬kiyār, ‫ اخيار‬akyār good; elective (studies)
excellent, outstanding, superior,
admirable; better; best; - (pl. 266 ‫خيور‬ ‫ مَخير‬mukayyar having the choice or
kuyūr) good thing, blessing; wealth, option
‫ مَختار‬muktār free to choose, having the s.th.); to present itself, reveal itself (‫ ل‬to
choice or option (‫ في‬in), volunteering, s.o.’s mind), become the object of
‫ مَختارا‬muktāran (adv.) voluntarily, imagination. appear (= II kuyyila; ‫ ل‬to
spontaneously, of one’s own accord; s.o.) │‫( تخيل فيه الخير‬kaira) to suspect good
choice, select, exquisite; chosen, qualities in s.o., have an inkling of s.o.’s
preferred, favorite; a favorite; ‫مَختارات‬ good qualities, think well of s.o., have ‫هـ‬
selection, selected writings, anthology; good opinion of s.o. VI to pretend (‫ ب ل‬to
(pl. ‫ مَخاتير‬makātīr2) village chief, mayor of s.o. s.th., that ...), act (‫ ل‬toward s.o., ‫ ب‬as
a village (šyr., Leb., Ir.) if); to feel self-important, be conceited; to
behave in pompous manner, swagger, strut
‫ خيزران‬see ‫خزر‬
about; to conceive eccentric ideas, get all
(‫ خاس )خيس‬kāsa i (‫ خيس‬kais, ‫ خيسان‬kayasān) to kinds of fantastic notions, have ‫ هـ‬bee in
break (‫ ب‬an agreement, a promise) one’s bonnet; to appear dimly, in shadowy
‫ خيش‬kaiš sackcloth, sacking, canvas outlines; to appear, show (‫ على‬on), hover (
‫ على‬about; e.g., ‫ هـ‬smile about s.o.’s lips)
‫ خيش‬kaiš place of sackcloth; (pl. -āt, flit (‫ على‬across, e.g., ‫ هـ‬shadow across
‫ خيش‬kiyaš) sack; straw mattress, pallet; s.o.’s face, etc.) VIII to feel self-important,
Bedouin tent be conceited; to behave in ‫ هـ‬pompous
‫ خيشوم‬see ‫خشم‬ manner, swagger, strut about
(‫ خاط )خيط‬kāṭa i (kaiṭ) and II to sew, stitch (‫هـ‬ ‫ خيال‬kayāl pl. ‫ اخيلة‬akyil ‫ هـ‬disembodied
s.th.) spirit, ghost, specter; imagination;
phantom, apparition; phantasm, fantasy,
‫ خيط‬kaiṭ pl. ‫ خيوط‬kuyūṭ, ‫ اخياط‬akyāṭ, ‫خيطا‬ chimera, vision; shadow, trace, dim
‫ ن‬kīṭān thread; twine cord; pack-thread, reflection │‫ خيال الشك‬k. ašakk slightest
string; fiber │‫ خيط امَل‬k. amal a spark of doubt; ‫ خيال الصحراء‬k. aṣ-ṣaḥrā’ scarecrow;
hope, a thread of hope ‫ خيال الظل‬k. aẓ-ẓill shadow play
‫ خيطي‬kaiṭī threadlike; fibrous ‫ خيالة‬kayāl ‫ هـ‬pl. -āt ghost, spirit,
‫ خياط‬kiyāṭ needle specter; phantom; phantasm, fantasy,
chimera
‫ خياط‬kiyāṭa swing; needlework,
tailoring, dressmaking │‫ آلة الخياطة‬sewing ‫ خيالي‬kayālī imaginary, unreal; ideal,
machine ideational, conceptual; utopian
‫ خياط‬kayyāṭ pl. -ūn tailor ‫ اخيل‬akyal2 more conceited, haughtier,
prouder
‫ خياطة‬kayyāṭa pl. -āt dressmaker; seam-
stress ‫ اخيل‬akyal pl. ‫ خيل‬kīl, ‫ اخايل‬akāyil2 green
woodpecker
‫ مَخيط‬mikyaṭ needle
‫ خيلء‬kuyalā’2 (f.) conceit,
‫ خائط‬kā’iṭ tailor 267
conceitedness, haughtiness, pride; ‫الخيلء‬
1
(‫ خال )خيل‬kāl ‫ هـ هـ‬to imagine, fancy, think, al-kuyalā’ ‫ هـ‬haughtily, proudly
believe, suppose (‫ ان‬that); to consider,
‫ خيلولة‬kailūl ‫ هـ‬conceit, conceitedness,
deem, think (‫ ه ه‬s.o. to be …, ‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. to
snobbery, arrogance, haughtiness
be ...), regard (‫ ه ه‬s.o. as, ‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. as) II to
make (‫ الى‬s.o.) believe (‫ ان‬that), suggest ( ‫ مَخيلة‬makīl ‫ هـ‬conceit, conceitedness,
‫ الى‬to s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.), give s.o. (‫ )الى‬the snobbery, arrogance, haughtiness; (pl.
impression that (‫خيل اليه )له( ان│ )هـ‬ ‫ مَخايل‬makāyil2) indication, sign, symptom,
(kuyyila) he imagined, fancied, thought characteristic; pl. ‫ مَخايل‬visions, mental
that it seemed, it appeared to him that …; images, imagery
‫( على مَل خيلت‬kayyalat; ‫ النفس‬being ‫ تخييل‬takyīl playacting │‫ فن التخييل‬fann
understood) as the heart dictates, i.e., as at-t. dramatic art
chance will have it, at random,
unhesitatingly IV to be dubious, doubtful,
uncertain, intricate V to imagine, fancy (‫هـ‬
‫ تخيل‬takayyul pl. -āt imagination, untiring, tireless (‫ فى‬or ‫ على‬in s.th.); to go
phantasy; delusion, hallucination, fancy, in for s.th. (‫)على‬, apply o.s., devote o.s. (
whim, fantastic notion ‫ على‬to), practice eagerly (‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ تخيلي‬takayyulī fantastic, fanciful, ‫ دأب‬da’b pl. ‫ ادؤب‬ad’ub habit
imaginary ‫ دأب‬da’b, da’ab and ‫ دؤوب‬du’ūb
‫ اختيال‬iktiyāl pride; arrogance, persistence, perseverance, tirelessness,
haughtiness indefatigability, assiduity, eagerness
‫ مَخيلة‬mukayyil ‫ هـ‬imagination, phantasy ‫ دئب‬da’ib and ‫ دائب‬dā’ib addicted,
devoted, persistent, assiduous, eager,
‫ مَخيل‬mukīl dubious, doubtful, uncertain,
indefatigable, untiring, tireless (‫ على‬in)
intricate, tangled, confused; confusing,
bewildering ‫ دؤوب‬da’ūb untiring, tireless,
indefatigable, persevering, persistent
‫ مَختال‬muktāl conceited, haughty,
arrogant ‫ ادأب‬ad’ab2 more persistent, more
2 assiduous
‫ خيل‬II to gallop (on horseback)
‫ دادة‬dāda governess, dry nurse, nurse
‫ خيل‬kail (coll.) pl. ‫ خيول‬kuyūl horses;
horsepower, H.P. │‫ سباق الخيل‬horse racing, ‫ داغ‬dāg pl. -āt brand (made on cattle, etc.)
horse race ‫ دال‬dāl name of the letter ‫د‬
‫ خيال‬kayyāl pl. ‫ة‬, -ūn horseman, rider ‫ داليا‬dāliyā dahlia(s) (bot.)
‫ خيالة‬kayyāl ‫ هـ‬cavalry (Ir.; Eg. 1939) ‫ دامَا‬dāmā checkers│ ‫ لوحة الدامَا‬lauḥat ad-d.
‫ سرية خيالة‬sarīy ‫ هـ‬kayyāl ‫ هـ‬cavalry checkerboard
squadron (Eg. 1939) 268 ‫ دامَجانة‬see ‫دمَجانة‬
2
‫ خال‬see ‫خول‬ ‫( دانتيل‬Fr. dentelle) dantilla lace
1
‫ خيم‬II to pitch one’s tent, to camp; to settle ‫ دانق‬dānaq, dāniq pl. ‫ دوانق‬dawāniq2 an ancient
down; to stay, linger, rest, lie down, lie (‫عل‬ coin. = 1/4 dirham; small coin; a square
‫ ى‬on, ‫ فى‬or ‫ ب‬at ‫ هـ‬place); (fig.) to reign measure (Eg.; = 4 sahm = 29.17 m2)
(e.g., calm, silence, peace, etc.; ‫ فى‬or ‫ ب‬at,
in), settle (‫ على‬over) V to pitch one’s tent; ‫ دانمارك‬dannmark Denmark
to camp ‫ دانماركى‬danmarkī Danish
‫ خيمة‬ḳaim ‫ هـ‬pl. -āt, ‫ خيام‬ḳiyām, ‫خيم‬ ‫ الداننوب‬ad-dānūb the Danube
ḳiyam tent; tarpaulin; arbor, bower;
pavilion ‫ داية‬dāya pl. -āt wet nrse; midwife
‫ خيم‬ḳayyām tentmaker ‫ دب‬dabba i (dabb, ‫ دبيب‬dabīb) to creep, crawl
(reptile); to proceed, advance, or move
‫ خيم‬muḳayyam pl. -āt camping ground, slowly; to go on all fours; to enter (‫فى‬
camp, encampment s.th.), come (‫ فى‬into); to steal, creep ( ‫فى‬
2
‫ خيم‬ḳīm natural disposition, nature, temper, ‫ نفسه‬into s.o.’s heart; of a feeling, e.g.,
character; inclination, bent, tendency│ ‫اخذ‬ doubt); to spread (‫ فى‬over, in, through),
‫( خيمه‬eg.) to fool s.o.’s pulse, sound s.o. fill, pervade, invade (‫ فى‬s.th.) ; to gain
out ground; to gain ascendancy (‫ فى‬in s.o.; of
3 a condition, an idea, a sensation); to
‫ خام‬look up alphabetically stream in, ruah in (of sensations, ‫ فى‬upon
□ ‫ خية‬ḳayya pl. -āt noose s.o.)│ ‫( دب فيه دبيب الحياة‬d. al-ḥayāh) to gain
vitality II to sharpen, point, taper (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ دب‬dubb pl. ‫ ادباب‬adbāb, ‫ دببة‬dibaba
‫د‬ bear│ ‫(الدب الَصغر‬aṣgar) Little Bear, Ursa
‫ دأب‬da’aba a (da’b, da’b, ‫ دؤوب‬du’ūb) to Minor (astron.); ‫( الدب الَكبر‬akbar) Great
persist, persevere, be indefatigable, Bear, Ursa Major (astron.) 269
‫ دبي‬dubbī ursine of); to manage well, economize (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │
‫( دبر خطة‬kiṭṭatan) to devise a plan; ‫دبر‬
‫ دبة‬dabba sand hill, mound
‫ الشؤون‬to conduct the course of business,
‫ دبيب‬dabīb creeping, crawling; be in charge IV to turn one’s back (‫ عن‬or
infiltration; influx, inflow, flow (e.g., of ‫ على‬on s.o.); to flee, run away; to escape,
sensations, of life, of vigor); reptile dodge; to slip away V to be prepared,
‫ دباب‬dabbāb creeping, crawling, repent, planned, organized, managed; to reflect,
reptant ponder (‫ في‬or ‫ هـ‬on); to consider, weigh,
contemplate (‫ في‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to treat or
‫ دبابة‬dabbāba pl. -āt tank, armored car handle with care, with circumspection (‫في‬
‫ مَدب‬midabb: ‫مَن مَدب النيل الى مَصبه‬ s.th.) VI to face in opposite directions,
(maṣabbihī) from the lower Nile to its stand back to back; to be contrary,
mouth opposite, opposed; to be inconsistent,
incompatible X to turn the back (‫ ه‬on s.o.)
‫ دابة‬dābba pl. ‫ دواب‬dawābb2 animal,
beast; riding animal (horse, mule, donkey) ‫ دبر‬dubr, dubur pl. ‫ ادبار‬adbār rump
backside, buttocks, posteriors; rear part,
‫ دويبة‬duwaibba tiny animal, animalcule; Rear, hindpart; back; last part, end, tail │
insect ‫مَن دبر‬behind, at the back, in the rear; from
‫مَدبب‬mudabbab pointed, tapered behind, from the rear; ‫ ولى دبره‬wallā
duburahū to turn one’s back; to flee, run
‫ دبج‬II to embellish, decorate, adorn, ornament (
away
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to put in good style, formulate,
compose, write down, put down in writing ‫ دبري‬dabarī trailing behind, belated,
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) late
‫ ديباج‬dībāj pl. ‫ دبابيج‬dabābīj2 silk ‫ دبرة‬dabra turn (of fate)
brocade ‫ دبور‬dabūr west wind
‫ ديباجة‬dībāja (n. un. of ‫ )ديباج‬brocade; ‫ دبور‬dabbūr pl. -āt dabābīr2 hornet;
introductory verses or lines, proem, wasp
preamble; face, visage; style, elegance of
style; renown, repute, standing, prestige ‫ تدبير‬tadbīr pl. -āt planning,
organization; direction, management,
‫ تدبيج‬tadbīj embellishment, adornment, disposal, regulation; economy,
ornamentation; composition, writing (of a economization; -- (pl. ‫ تدابير‬tadābīr2)
book) measure, move, step │ ‫ تدبير المنزل‬t. al-
‫ مَدبجات‬mudabbajāt embellishments of manzil housekeeping, household
speech, fine figures of speech management; ‫( تدبير مَنزلي‬manzilī) do.; ‫قام‬
‫ بالتدابير اللزمَة‬and ‫اتخذ التدابير اللزمَة‬
‫ دبدب‬dabdaba to tread, tap
(ittakada,qāma) to take the necessary
‫ دبدبة‬dabdaba sound of footsteps, measures
footfall, pitapat; pattering or clattering
‫ ادبار‬idbār flight, retreat
noise; snapping, flapping noise
‫ تدبر‬tadabbur reflection, meditation (‫في‬
‫ دبدوبة‬dabdūba pl. ‫ دباديب‬dabādīb2 point,
on), thinking (‫ في‬about); consideration,
tip, tapered end
contemplation (‫ في‬of)
1
‫ دبر‬dabara u (‫ دبور‬dubūr) to turn one’s back;
‫ تدابر‬taddbur disparity, dissimilarity,
to elapse, pass, go by (time) II to make
contrast
arrangements, make plans (‫ هـ‬for),
prepare, plan, organize, design, frame, ‫ دابر‬dābir past, bygone (time); the
devise, concert, arrange, get up, bring ultimate, utmost, extremity. end; root │‫قطع‬
about (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to hatch (‫ هـ‬a plot, etc.); to ‫( دابر الشيء‬dābira š-šai’) to eradicate, root
contrive, work up (‫ هـ‬a ruse); to direct, out s.th., suppress s.th. radically; ‫بالمَس‬
conduct, manage, run, engineer, steer, ‫( الدابر‬amsi) sometime in the past; ‫ذهب كأمَس‬
marshal, regulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be in charge (‫هـ‬ ‫( الدابر‬ka-amsi d-dābiri) to vanish into thin
air, disappear without leaving a trace fallen into oblivion, be obsolete VIII
(actually: like yesterday gone by) iddatara to wrap o.s. (‫ ب‬in), cover o.s. (‫ب‬
with)
‫ مَدبر‬mudabbir manager, director; ruler,
disposer; leader; ringleader │‫مَدبر المكائد‬ ‫ دثار‬ditār pl. ‫ دثر‬dutur blanket, cover
schemer, intriguer, intrigant ‫ مَدثور‬madtūr past, bygone, ancient
‫ مَدبر‬mudbir: ‫ مَدبرا ومَقبل‬mudbiran wa- (time)
muqbilan from the rear and from in front ‫ دج‬dajja i (dajj, ‫ دجيج‬dajīj) to walk slowly II ‫دج‬
2
‫ دبارة‬dubāra (=‫ ) دوبارة‬packthread, string, ‫ جه بالسلح‬to arm s.o. to the teeth
twine, cord, rope j thread ‫ دج‬dujj (syr.) thrush (zool.)
1
‫ دبس‬dibs sirup, molasses, treacle, esp. of ‫ دجة‬dujja intense darkness, pitch-
grapes darkness
2
‫ دبوس‬dabbūs pl. ‫ دبابيس‬dabābīs2 pin; safety pin ‫ دجاج‬dajāj (coll.) chickens; fowl (as a
│‫ دبوس انكليزي‬safety pin generic designation)
‫ دبش‬dabaš junk, rubbish, trash; -- dabš ‫ دجاجة‬dajāja (n. un.) hen; chicken │ ‫دجا‬
rubblestone, rubble; crushed rock (used as ‫جة الحبش‬d. al-ḥabaš guinea fowl
substratum in macadamizing)
‫ مَدجج بالسلح‬mudajjaj bi-s-silāḥ heavily
‫ دبغ‬dabaga a i u (dabg) to tan (‫ هـ‬a hide) armed, bristling with arms 271
‫ دباغة‬dibāga tanning, tanner’s trade ‫ دجر‬dajira a (dajar) to be embarrassed, be at a
‫ دباغ‬dabbāg tanner loss
‫ مَدبغة‬madbaga pl. ‫ مَدابغ‬madābig 2 ‫ ديجور‬dajūr pl. ‫ دياجير‬dayājīr2 gloom,
tannery darkness, dark
‫ دبق‬dabiqa a (dabaq) to stick, adhere (‫ ب‬to); to ‫ ديجوري‬daijūrīi dark, gloomy
cleave, cling (‫ ب‬to) II to catch with ‫ دجل‬dajala u to deceive, dupe, cheat, take in (
birdlime (‫ هـ‬a bird) ‫ على‬s.o.); to be a swindler, a charlatan, a
‫ دبق‬dibq birdlime quack II to coat, smear (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to gild (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to deceive, dupe, cheat, take in (‫على‬
‫ دبق‬dabiq sticky, gluey, limy
s.o.), impose (‫ على‬on)
‫ دبك‬dabaka u (dabk) to stamp the feet; to dance
‫ دجل‬dajl deceit, trickery, humbug,
the dabka (see below)
swindle
‫ دبكة‬dabka (syr.) a group dance in which
‫ دجال‬dajjāl pl. -ūn, ‫ دجاجلة‬dajājila
the dancers, lined up with looked arms or
swindler, cheat, imposter; quack, charlatan
holding hands, stamp out the rhythm and
(fem. ‫ ;)دجالة‬Antichrist
sing
‫ تدجيل‬tadjīl imposture, humbug;
‫ دبلة‬dibla pl. ‫ دبل‬dibal ring
charlatanry, quackery
‫ دبلوم‬diblōm and ‫ دبلومَة‬diblōma pl. -āt diploma 2
‫ دجلة‬dijla the Tigris river
‫ دبلومَاسي‬diblōmāsī diplomatic; diplomat
‫ دجن‬dajana u (dajn, ‫ دجن‬dujūn) to be dusky,
‫ دبلومَاسية‬diblōmāsīya diplomacy murky, gloomy (day); -- (dujūn) to
‫ دثر‬datara u (‫ دثور‬dutūr) to fall into oblivion, remain, stay; to get used, become
be forgotten, become obsolete, antiquated, accustomed, become habituated; to
extinct; to be blotted out, wiped out, become tame, be domesticated II to tame;
effaced, obliterated (track by the wind) II to domesticate (‫ هـ‬an animal) │ ‫دجنه لخدمَة‬
to cover, envelop (‫ ه‬s.o.); to destroy, ‫( فلن‬li-kidmati f.) to put s.th. or s.o. to use
annihilate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to wrap o.s. (‫ في‬in), for s.o., make s.th. or s.o. of service to s.o.
cover o.s. (‫ في‬with) VII to be or become III to flatter, cajole, coax, wheedle, try to
wiped out, blotted out, effaced, win or entice by gentle courtesy (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV
obliterated; to be old; to be forgotten, have
to be murky, gloomy, overcast (day); to be ‫ دحوض‬duḥūḍ: invalidity, shakiness,
dark (night) weakness, refutability (of an argument or
a claim)
‫ دجنة‬dujna, dujunna darkness,
gloominess, gloom ‫ مَدحاض‬miḍḥāḍ: ‫( دعوى مَدحاض‬da‘wā) an
invalid, unjustified claim 273
‫ ادجن‬adjan2 dark
(‫ دحا )دحو‬daḥā u (daḥw) to spread out, flatten,
‫ داجن‬dājin tame, tamed, domesticated
level, unroll
(animal); dark, gloomy │ ‫حيوانات داجنة‬
(ḥayawānāt) domestic animals O ‫ مَدحى‬midḥan pl. ‫ مَداح‬madāḥin roller,
steamroller
‫ دواجن‬dawājin2 poultry
‫ ادخر‬iddakara, ‫ مَدخرة‬see ‫ذخر‬
(‫ دجا )دجو‬dajā u to be dark, gloomy, dusky; to
overshadow, cover, veil, shroud, blanket ( ‫ دخس‬dukas dolphin
‫ هـ‬s.th.), spread (‫ هـ‬over) III to play the ‫ دخل‬dikala u (‫ دخول‬dukūl) to enter (‫هـ‬, less
hypocrite, JlOIl'l as a friend (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to frequently ‫في‬, also ‫الى‬, s.th.), go, step,
cajole, flatter (‫ ه‬s.o.) walk, move, come, get (‫ الى‬,‫ في‬,‫ هـ‬into); to
‫ دجى‬dujan gloom, darkness, duskiness penetrate, pierce (‫ الى‬,‫ في‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.); to take
possession of s.o. (‫)ه‬, befall, seize (‫ ه‬s.o.;
‫ دياج الليل‬dayājī l-lail dark of night
e.g., doubt); to take up (‫ خدمَة‬a post), start
‫ مَداجاة‬mudājāh hypocrisy; flattery, at a job; to enter s.o.’s (‫ )على‬room or
adulation, sycophancy house, drop in on s.o. (‫)على‬, come to see
‫ داج‬dājin dark, gloomy s.o. (‫ ;)على‬to call on s.o. (‫ ;)على‬to
consummate the marriage, cohabit, sleep
‫ دحدح‬II tadaḥdaḥa to waddle (", or ‫ على‬with a woman); to come (‫على‬
‫ دحدح‬daḥdaḥ and ‫ دحداح‬daḥdāḥ dumpy, over s.o.; e.g., joy); (gram.) to be added (
squat, stocky ‫ على‬to); to supervene, enter as a new
factor, aspect, element, etc. (‫ على‬upon
‫ دحر‬daḥara a (daḥr, ‫ )دحور‬to drive away, chase s.th.), be newly introduced (‫ على‬into s.th.);
away (‫ ه‬s.o.); to dislodge, remove (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make one’s own, acquire (‫ على‬s.th.); to
to defeat (‫ ه‬an army) VIII to be driven join, enter (‫ هـ‬or ‫ في‬e.g., a religious
away, be routed, be repelled, be thrown community); to participate, take part (‫هـ‬
back; to be defeated (army); to go under, in); to set in, begin (time, event); to be
go to ruin, succumb, break down, collapse included (‫ في‬in; ‫ ضمن‬ḍimna), fall, come (
‫ اندحار‬indiḥār banishment, rejection; ‫ تحت‬,‫ ضمن‬,‫ في‬under), belong, pertain ( ,‫في‬
(pl. -āt) defeat (mil.); ruin, fall, break- ‫ تحت‬,‫ ضمن‬to), be within s.th. ( ,‫ ضمن‬,‫في‬
down, collapse; catastrophe │‫اندحار الكون‬ ‫ ;)تحت‬pass.: dukila to be sickly, diseased,
ind. al-k. end of the world abnormal │‫( دخل على المَر تعديل‬ta’dīlun) the
matter has undergone modification; ‫دخل‬
‫ مَدحور‬madḥūr routed, repelled;
‫( الخدمَة‬kidma) to take up one’s post, start at
expelled, cast out; ostracized, banished
a job, report for work; ‫دخل المدرسة‬
‫ دحرج‬daḥraja to roll (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II tadaḥraja to (madrasa) to enter school; ‫دخل الميناء‬
roll, roll along; to roll down (mīnā’) to enter the harbor, put in; ‫دخل‬
‫ داحس‬dāḥis pl. dawāḥis whitlow, felon (med.) ‫ الموضوع‬to come to the point; ‫دخل في عقله‬
(‫ )في جسمه‬dukila fī ‘aqlihi (fī jismihī) to
‫ دحس‬daḥasa a (daḥs) to insert, thrust in, shove suffer from a mental (physical)
in, foist in, smuggle in VII to interfere, disturbance II to make or let enter, bring
meddle; to mix in, let in (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to enter, insert,
‫ دحض‬daḥāḍa a to be invalid, void, untenable include (‫ ه‬s.th., ‫ في‬or ‫ هـ‬in) III to come
(argument); to disprove, refute, invalidate over s.o. (‫)ه‬, befall, seize (‫ ه‬s.o.; e.g.,
(‫ هـ‬an argument) II and IV to disprove, doubt, suspicion, despair) IV to make or
refute, invalidate (‫ هـ‬an argument) let enter, bring in, let in, admit, lead in,
show in (‫ ه‬s.o.); to move, take, haul (‫على‬
‫ دحض‬daḥḍ refutation, disproof or ‫ في هـ‬s.th. into); to incorporate, include,
embody, insert (‫ في‬or ‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. in); to ‫ دخيلة‬dakīla pl. ‫ دخائل‬dakā’il2 inner self,
cause to set in, bring about, produce, set inmost being, intrinsic nature, essence;
off, trigger (‫ على هـ‬s.th. in); to introduce (‫هـ‬ heart, soul │‫ في دخيلة نفسه‬inwardly, inside,
s.th., e.g., an innovation, an improvement, in his heart; ‫ دخائل نفوسنا‬our inmost being;
‫ على‬in or on s.th.) │‫( ادخله المدرسة‬madrasa) ‫ دخائل المَور‬the underlying nature of things,
to send s.o. to school; ‫ ادخل تغييرا على‬to the factors at the bottom of things; ‫دخائل‬
bring about a change in ...; ‫ادخلت عليه‬ ‫ شؤونه‬d. šu’ūnih his private affairs, (of a
‫( تعديلت‬udkilat) the matter was subjected country, etc.) its internal affairs
to modifications V to meddle (‫ في‬in), ‫ دخول‬dukūl entry, entranoe, admission;
interfere (‫ في‬in, with); to interpose, entering, ingress; beginning, setting in;
intervene (‫ في‬in); to invade (‫ في‬s.th.), penetration; intrusion, invasion; first
intrude, obtrude (‫ في‬on), disturb (‫ في‬s.th.); coition in marriage (Isl. Law) │‫دخول الحرب‬
to interlock, mesh, gear VI to meddle (‫في‬ d. al-ḥarb entry into war
in, e.g., ‫ في شؤونه‬in s.o.’s affairs), butt in (
‫ في الحديث‬on a conversation); to interfere ( ‫ دخولية‬dukūlīya octroi, city toll
‫ في‬in, with), interpose, intervene (‫ في‬in); to ‫ دخل‬madkal pl. ‫ مَداخل‬madākil2 entrance;
interlock, mesh, gear; to be superimposed; hallway, vestibule, anteroom; entrance
to intergrade, shade, blend (‫ ببعض‬or ‫بعضه‬ hall, lobby, foyer; mouth (of a port, of a
‫ في بعض‬one into the other); to come over canal); O anode (el.); introduction (to a
s.o. (‫)ه‬, befall, strike, seize (‫ ه‬s.o.; e.g., field of learning); behavior, conduct │
doubt. grief) ‫( مَدخل السيارات‬sayyārāt) driveway; ‫مَدخل‬
‫ دخل‬dakl income; revenues, receipts, ‫ لدراسة القانون‬introduction to the study of
returns, takings (as opposed to karj); law; ‫ حسن المدخل‬ḥusn al-m. good manners,
interference, intervention; doubt, good conduct
misgiving │‫ ضريبة الدخل‬income tax; ‫ليس له‬ ‫ مَداخلة‬mudākala interference,
‫( اي دخل فيه‬ayyu daklin) and ‫ لَ دخل به‬or ‫له‬ intervention; participation, interest (‫ في‬in)
‫( فيه‬dakla) he should not meddle in ..., he
has nothing to do with ..., it is none of his ‫ ادخال‬idkāl leading in, showing in,
business bringing in, taking in, hauling in;
involvement, implication; insertion,
‫ دخل‬dakal disturbance, derangement, interpolation, incorporation, inclusion;
disorder, imbalance, or defect of the mind; introduction (e.g., of a constitution; of an
defect, infirmity improvement, ‫ على‬on an apparatus, or the
‫ دخلة‬dikla intrinsic nature, essence; like)
inner self, innermost, heart, soul (of a ‫ تدخل‬tadakkul entry, entrance; invasion;
person); secret intention │‫ راجع دخلته‬rāja‘a interference (‫ في‬with, in), intervention;
diḳlatahū to commune with o.s., search intrusion, obtrusion │ ‫‘ عدم التدخل‬adam at-
one’s soul t. noninterference, nonintervention (pol.)
‫ دخلة‬dukla: ‫ ليلة الدخلة‬lailat ad-d. ‫ تداخل‬tadākul interference, intervention;
wedding night interlock, meshing, gearing;
‫ دخلة‬dukkala a variety of warbler 273 superimposition; intergradations;
permeation, pervasion; O interference
‫ دخيل‬dakī1 inner, inward, internal; inner (phy.)
self, heart, core; -- (pl. ‫ دخلء‬dukalā’2)
extraneous; foreign, alien; exotic; ‫ داخل‬belonging, pertaining (‫ في‬to), falling (‫في‬
foreigner, alien, stranger; not genuine, under), included (‫ في‬in); inner, inward,
false, spurious; newly added (‫ على‬to); inside, interior, internal; inside, interior (of
novice; (new) convert; guest; protégé, s.th.); dākila (prep.) within, inside, in;
charge, ward │‫( كلمة دخيلة‬kalima), ‫لفظ دخيل‬ ‫ داخل‬dākilan inside (adv.) │‫ مَن الداخل‬from
(lafẓ) foreign word or expression; (syr.- within; from the inside
pal.) ‫( دخيلك‬dakīlak) please, if you please
‫ داخلة‬dākila pl. ‫ دواخل‬dawākil2 interior, inside, ‫ تدخين‬tadkīn fumigation; smoking (e.g.,
inmost, hidden part; ‫ الداخلة‬the Dakhla of fish); (tobacco) smoking
oasis (in central Egypt) ‫ داخنة‬dākina pl. ‫ دواخن‬dawākin2
‫ داخلي‬dākilī inner, inward; internal; interior, chimney, smokestack, funnel
inside; domestic, home, inland (as ‫ مَدخن‬mudakkin smoker
opposed to ‫ خارجي‬kārijī external, foreign;
pol.); indigenous, native; private; ‫ ديدبان‬look up alphabetically
belonging to the house; ‫ داخليا‬dākilīyan ‫ ديدن‬daidan habit, practice
inside (adv.) │‫ تلمَيذ داخلية‬boarding
students (as opposed to ‫ خارجية‬day ‫ ددى‬III to pamper, spoil (‫ ه‬a child)
students); ‫( حرب داخلية‬ḥarb) civil war; ‫ در‬darra i u (darr) to flow copiously; to
‫( مَدرسة داخلية‬madrasa) boarding school; stream, flow, well; to accrue (‫ على‬to s.o.;
‫ مَلبس داخلية‬underwear; ‫ مَلحة داخلية‬inland profit, wealth); to be abundant, plentiful
navigation IV to cause to flow; to bestow lavishly,
‫ داخلية‬dākilīya interior │‫ داخلية البلد‬the interior heap (‫ على ه‬s.th. upon s.o.), shower,
of the country, the inland; ‫وزارة الداخلية‬ overwhelm (‫ على ه‬with s.th. s.o.); to yield (
ministry of the interior; ‫وزير الداخلية‬ ‫ هـ‬a profit, ‫ على‬to s.o.) X to stream, flow;
minister of the interior to be abundant; to cause or try to bring
about the abundant flow of (‫ ;)هـ‬to cause
‫ مَدخول‬madkūl sickly, diseased, abnormal; s.th. (‫ )هـ‬to yield in abundance; to be out
(mentally) disordered; of weak character, for s.th. (‫)هـ‬, seek to gain (‫ هـ‬a profit), try
spineless; (pl. ‫ مَداخيل‬madākīl2) revenue, to make (‫ هـ‬a living)
receipts, takings, returns
‫ درر‬darr milk; achievement,
‫ دخمس‬dakmasa (‫دخمسة‬, dakmasa) to fool (‫على‬ accomplishment │‫ ل دره‬li-llāhi darruhū
s.o.) about one’s real intentions, pull the (literally: his achievement is due to God)
wool over s.o.’s (‫ )على‬eyes; to cheat; to be how capable, how good, how excellent he
sly, crafty, artful is!
‫ دخمسة‬dakmasa deception, fooling, trickery; ‫ در‬durr (coll.) pearls
cunning, craft, slyness 274
‫ درة‬durra (n. un.) pl. -āt, ‫ درر‬durar
‫ دخن‬dakina a to be smoky; to taste or smell of pearl; -- a variety of parrot (Psittacus
smoke; -- dakina a u to smoke, emit A1exandri L.)
smoke (fire) II to fumigate, fume (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to smoke, cure with smoke (‫ هـ‬foodstuffs); ‫ دري‬durrī glittering, twinkling, brilliant
to smoke (‫ هـ‬a cigarette, tobacco, a pipe) (star)
IV to smoke, emit smoke (tire) V to be ‫ درة‬dirra, darra pl. ‫ درر‬dirar teat; udder
smoked, be cured with smoke; to be
fumigated ‫ مَدرار‬midrār showering abundant rain
(sky, cloud); spouting, pouring forth,
‫ دخن‬dukn pearl millet, dukhn welling out
‫ دخن‬dakan smoke, fume, vapor ‫ دار‬dārr flowing copiously; productive,
‫ دخان‬dukān (dukkān) pl. ‫ ادخنة‬adkina rich, lucrative; profitable
smoke, fume, vapor; tobacco ‫ مَدر‬mudirr: ‫( مَدر البول‬baul) diuretic(al),
‫ دخنة‬dukna smoke color; a kind of pl. ‫ مَدرات البول‬diuretics; ‫‘( مَدر العرق‬araq)
incense (Calamus aromatious) sudorific
O ‫ دخينة‬dakīna cigarette ‫ درأ‬dara’a (dar’) to reject (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to avert,
ward off (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., ‫ خطرا‬kaṭaran a
‫ دخاخني‬dakākinī (eg., tun.) tobacconist danger, ‫ عن‬from) VI iddāra’a to contend (
‫ دخن‬madkana pl. ‫ مَداخن‬madākin2 ‫ في‬for)
chimney, smokestack, funnel ‫ درء‬dar’ repulsion, prevention,
averting; warding off, parrying
‫ دريئة‬darī’a pl. -āt target gradually, step by step (‫ الى‬s.th.); to follow
a course (‫)على‬, proceed along the lines of (
‫ درابزين‬darābazīn railing, parapet, banisters,
‫)على‬, proceed in such and such a manner (
balustrade
‫ ;)على‬to go away, leave, depart; to outgrow
‫ دراج‬Durrës (It. Durazzo, seaport in W (‫ مَن‬a nest, a habitation); to be past,
Albania) bygone, over (time); to have passed away,
‫ دراق‬durrāq (syr.) peach be extinct; to circulate, be in circulation,
be current, have currency; to grow up
‫ درامَي‬dərāmī dramatic (child); -- (darj) to roll up, roll together (‫هـ‬
‫ درب‬dariba a (darab, ‫ درب‬durba) to be s.th.); to wrap, wind, twist (‫ على هـ‬s.th.
accustomed, be used (‫ ب‬to), be practiced, around); -- darija a to rise or advance step
trained, skilled (‫ ب‬in) II to habituate, by step│‫ درج العرف على‬daraja l-‘urfu ‘alā
accustom (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.) s.th., ‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫على‬ it has become the general practice to ... II
to); to practice, drill (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ على ب‬or ‫على‬ to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) rise or advance by steps,
in); to school, train, coach, tutor (‫ ه‬s.o., ,‫في‬ promote (‫ ه‬s.o.) by degrees; to move or
‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬in) V to be accustomed, be used ( bring (‫ هـ‬s.th.) gradually closer (‫ الى‬to); to
‫ على‬or ‫ في‬to); to be or become 275 approximate (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to); to roll up, fold
practiced, skilled, trained, drilled, up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to circulate, put into
schooled (‫ على‬or ‫ فى‬in); to train (athlet.) circulation (‫ هـ‬s.th.), give currency (‫ هـ‬to
s.th.), make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) the general practice;
‫ درب‬darb pl. ‫ دروب‬durūb narrow to divide into degrees, steps or grades,
mountain pass; path, trail, track; road; graduate, grade, gradate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to insert,
alley, lane│‫ درب التبانة‬d. at-tabbāna the include, enter (‫ فى هـ‬s.th. in) III to go, keep
Milky Way up (‫ هـ‬with, e.g., with the time, with a
‫ دربة‬durba habituation, habitude, habit; fashion) IV to insert, include, incorporate,
familiarity (with s.th.), experience; skill, embody (‫ فى هـ‬s.th. in); to enter, register (
practice ‫ فى هـ‬s.th., e.g., in a list), book (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V
to progress by steps, advance gradually; to
‫ دريبة‬darība court of first instance (Tun.)
proceed step by step (‫ الى‬to); to make
‫ تدريب‬tadrīb habituation, accustoming; progress (‫ فى‬in); to graduate, grade, be
practice; drill; schooling, training, graded, graduated, gradated VII to be
coaching, tutoring│ ‫التدريب العسكري‬ inserted, entered, incorporated, embodied,
(‘askarī) military training included (‫ فى‬in); to be classified (‫ فى‬in,
‫ مَدرب‬mudarrib pl. -ūn instructor, drill ‫ تحت‬under) X to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) advance or
instructor; trainer, coach (atthlet.); tamer rise gradually, promote (‫ ه‬s.o.) by degrees;
(of wild animals) to lead (‫ ه‬s.o.) gradually (‫ الى‬to), bring (‫ه‬
s.o.) around to (‫ ل‬,‫ ;)الى‬to bait, allure (‫ه‬
‫ مَدرب‬mudarrab experienced; practiced, s.o.); to entice, tempt, lure into destruction
skilled; trained; schooled (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ درازين‬darābazīn and ‫ درزين‬darbazīn railing, ‫ درج‬darj entry, entering, registering,
parapet, banisters, balustrade registration, recording; a rolled or folded
‫ دربس‬darbasa to bolt (‫ هـ‬a door) paper; roll, scroll│ ‫ فى درج الكتاب‬in the
book; ‫ فى درج الكلم‬d. il-kalām in the course
‫ درباس‬dirbās pl. ‫ درابيس‬darābīs2 bolt, of the talk
doorbolt
‫ درج‬durj pl. ‫ ادراج‬adrāj drawer (of a
‫ دربكة‬darabukka (eg.), dirbakka (syr.) pl. –āt table, desk, etc.); desk (e.g., for pupils in
darabukka, a conical, one-headed hand school)
drum, open at the small end
‫ درج‬daraj pl. ‫ ادراج‬adrāj way, route,
‫ دربكة‬darbaka banging or rattling noise, course; flight of steps, stairs, staircase│
din, uproar, turmoil ‫ رجع ادراجه‬raja‘a adrājahū (also ‫)عاد ادراجه‬
‫ درج‬daraja u (‫ دروج‬durūj) to go, walk, move, to retrace one's steps, go back the way one
proceed, advance (slowly); to approach came; to go back, turn back; 276 ‫ذهب ادراج‬
‫( الرياح‬adrāja r-riyāḥ) to go the ways of ‫ ادراج‬idrāj insertion, interpolation,
the winds, i.e., to pass unnoticed, without incorporation; entry, registration,
leaving a trace; to end in smoke, come to recording (‫ فى‬in a list)
nothing, be futile, be in vain ‫ تدرج‬tadarruj gradual advance or
‫ درجة‬daraja pl. -at step, stair; flight of progress; gradation, graduation│ ‫بالتدرج‬
steps, stairs, staircase; degree, step, tone gradually, by and by; ‫ تدرج ارتقائه‬t.
(of a scale; mus.); degree (math., geogr.; irtiqā’ihi his gradual rise
of temperature); grade, fate; degree, order, ‫استدراج‬istidrāj capability of gradually
rank; club (also, e.g., in trains, of a winning s.o. over, persuasiveness, art of
decoration); phase state, stage (of a persuasion
development); mark, grade (in school)│
‫ درجة الحرارة‬d. al-ḥarāra (degree of) ‫دراج‬darrāj current, prevalent,
temperature; ‫‘( الدرجات العليا‬ulyā) the widespread, popular, common, in vogue,
maximal temperatures; ‫الدرجات السفلى‬ circulating, in circulation│ ‫الكلم الدراج‬
(suflā) the minimal temperatures; ‫درجة‬ (kalām) and ‫( اللغة الدارجة‬luga) the popular
‫ الطول‬d. aṯ-ṯūl degree of longitude language, colloquial language
(geogr.); (‫‘( درجة علمية )جامَعية‬ilmīya, ‫ مَدرج‬mudarraj graded, graduated; -- (pl.
jāmi’īya) academic degree; ‫ درجة العقل‬d. -āt) open staircase, open-air stairs, fliers,
al-'aql level of intelligence, IQ; ‫دفتر‬ stoop; grandstand, bleachers;
‫ الدرجات‬report card (in school); (‫مَن )فى‬ amphitheater; (amphitheatered)
‫( الدرجة الَولى‬ūlā) first-rate, first-class; ‫ذو‬ auditorium or lecture room
‫ درجة‬of superior quality, high-grade, high-
class; ‫( لدرجة ان‬li-darajati) to the extent ‫ مَدرج‬mudrai inserted, interpolated,
that ... ; to such an extent that ...; to much incorporated; entered, registered;
that ... contained, included (‫ ب‬,‫ فى‬in), comprised (
‫ ب‬,‫ فى‬by)
‫ دراج‬durrāj pl. ‫ دراريج‬darārīj2 francolin
(zool.); see also alphabetically ‫ درد‬darida a (darad) to become toothless, lose
one’s teeth
‫ تدرج‬tadruj2, ‫ تدرجة‬tadruja pheasant
‫ ادرد‬adrad2 toothless
‫ دراجة‬darrāja pl. -at bicycle│ ‫دراجة نارية‬
motorcycle ‫ دردى‬durdī sediment, dregs, lees
‫ مَدرج‬madraj pl. ‫ مَدارج‬madārij2 way that ‫ دردبيس‬dardabīs ugly old woman. hag
one follows or pursues; course, route; ‫ دردرة‬dardara roar, rush (of water); idle talk,
road, path; starting point, outset, rise, prattle, chatter
growth, birth, dawn, beginning(s); tarmac,
runway (of an airfield); (as also mudarraj) ‫ دردار‬dardār elm (bot.)
amphitheater; (amphitheatered) ‫ دردور‬durdūr eddy, whirlpool, vortex
auditorium or lecture room; grandstand,
‫ دردش‬dardaša idle talk, prattle, chatter 277
bleachers│ ‫ مَنذ مَدرجه‬since its beginnings;
1
‫ مَدرج نشأته‬naš’atihī the place where he ‫ درز‬daraza u to sew, stitch
grew up; ‫( سار فى مَدارج الرقي‬m. ir-ruqīy) to ‫ درز‬darz pl. ‫ دروز‬durūz seam, hem;
travel the road of progress suture
‫ تدريج‬tadrīj graduation; classification, 2
‫ درزى‬durzī pl. ‫ دروز‬durūz Druse│‫جبل الدروز‬
categorization; gradation│ ‫ مَع‬,‫على التدريج‬ jabal ad-d. the Jebel ed Druz, the
‫ بالتدريج‬,‫ التدريج‬gradually, by and by, by mountainous homeland of the Druses in S
degrees, by steps, step by step, more and Syria
more
‫ درس‬darasa u (dars) to wipe out, blot out,
‫ تدريجى‬tadrījī gradual, gradatory, obliterate, efface, extinguish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
progressive; ‫ تدريجيا‬tadrījīyan gradually, by thresh (‫ هـ‬grain); to learn, study (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
and by, by steps, by degrees, in stages ‫ على‬under s.o.), ‫‘( درس العلم على‬ilm) to study
under (a teacher, a professor); -- u (‫دروس‬
durūs) to be effaced, obliterated, blotted college; ‫ مَدرسة الفنون والصنائع‬school of
out, extinguished II to teach; to instruct (‫ه‬ industrial arts, school of applied art and
s.o., ‫ هـ‬in s.th.); III to study (‫ ه‬together handicraft; ‫( مَدرسة كبرى‬kubrā) college; ‫المد‬
with s.o.) VI to study (‫ هـ‬s.th.) carefully ‫ رسة القديمة‬the old “school” (= intellectual
together VII to become or he wiped out, or artistic movement)
blotted out, effaced, obliterated, ‫ مَدرسي‬madrasī scholastic, school
extinguished
‫ تدريس‬tadrīs teaching, instruction, tuition
‫ درس‬dars effacement, obliteration, │‫ هيئة التدريس‬hai’at at-t. teaching staff;
extinction; -- (pl. ‫ دروس‬durūs) study, faculty, professoriate (of an academic
studies; lesson, chapter (of a textbook); institution)
class, class hour, period; lecture; lesson
(taught by experience, etc.)│ ‫القى دروسا عن‬ ‫ دارس‬dāris pl. ‫ دوارس‬dawāris2 effaced,
(alqā) to lecture on ... ; ‫( اعطى دروسا‬a‘ṯā) obliterated; old, dilapidated, crumbling │
to give lessons; ‫( دروس مَنزلية‬manzilīya) ‫ تجدد دارسه‬tajaddada dārisuhū to rise from
homework (of a pupil or student) one’s ashes
‫ دراس‬dirās threshing (of grain) ‫ مَدرس‬mudarris pl. -ūn teacher,
instructor; lecturer │‫( مَدرس مَساعد‬musā‘id)
‫ دراسة‬dirasa pl. -āt studies; study│ ‫دراسة‬ assistant professor
‫‘( عالية‬āliya) collegiate studies; ‫دراسة ثانوية‬
(tānawīya) attendance of a secondary ‫ درع‬II to arm; to armor, equip with armor (‫هـ‬
school, secondary education, high-school s.th.) V and VIII iddara‘a to arm o.s., take
education; ‫( دراسة مَتوسطة‬mutawassiṯa) up arms, put on armor
secondary education, high-school ‫ درع‬dir‘ m. and f., pl. ‫ دروع‬durū‘, ‫ادرع‬
education (Syr.) adru‘, ‫ ادراع‬adrā‘ coat of mail, hauberk;
‫ دراسى‬dirāsī of or pertaining to study or (suit of) plate armor; armor plate; armor;
studies; scholastic, school; instructional, armature; (pl. ‫ ادراع‬adrā‘) chemise 278
educational, teaching, tuitional│ ‫رسوم‬ ‫ دراعة‬darrā‘a pl. -āt armored cruiser
‫ دراسية‬tuition fees; ‫( سنة دراسية‬sana)
academic year; scholastic year, school ‫ دراعة‬durrā‘a pl. ‫ درارع‬darārī‘2 loose
year outer garment with sleeves, slit in front
‫ دريس‬darīs dried clover ‫ دارع‬dāri‘ armored, armor-clad, ironclad
‫‘ عمال الدريسة‬ummāl ad-darīsa (eg.) ‫ دارعة‬dāri‘a pl. ‫ دوارع‬dawārī‘2 armored
railroad section gang, gandy dancers cruiser
‫ دراس‬darrās pl. -ūn (eager) student ‫ مَدرع‬mudarra‘ armored; armadillo
(zool.) │ ‫( قوة مَدرعة‬qūwa) tank corps; ‫سيارة‬
O ‫ دراسة‬darrāsa flail; threshing ‫( مَدرعة‬sayyāra) armored car; ‫مَشاة مَدرعون‬
machine│O ‫( حصادة دراسة‬ḥaṣṣāda) (mušāh) armored infantry (mil.)
combine
‫ مَدرعة‬mudarra‘a pl. -āt armored cruiser
‫ درواس‬dirwās mastiff
‫ درف‬darf side, flank, wing; protection
‫ مَدرسة‬madrasa pl. ‫ مَدارس‬madāris2
madrasah (a religious hoarding school ‫ درفة‬darfa pl. ‫ درف‬diraf leaf (of a double door
associated with a mosque); school│ ‫مَدرسة‬ or window)
‫( ابتدائية‬ibtidā’īya) the lower grades of a ‫ درفيل‬darfīl dolphin
secondary school, approx. = junior high 1
school; ‫( مَدرسة اولية‬awwalīya) elementary ‫درقة‬daraqa (leather) shield
school, grade school; ‫مَدرسة ثانوية‬ O ‫ درق‬daraq thyroid gland
(tānawīya) secondary school, high school;
‫ درقي‬daraqī shield-shaped; thyroid │ ‫الغدة‬
‫( مَدرسة تجارية‬tijārīya) commercial college
‫(الدرقية‬gudda) thyroid gland
or school; ‫( مَدرسة حربية‬ḥarbīya) military
2
academy; ‫( مَدرسة داخلية‬dāḳilīya) boarding ‫ دراق‬look up alphabetically
school; (‫‘( مَدرسة عالية )عليا‬āliya, ‘ulyā)
1
‫ درك‬II to last, continue, keep up (rains) III to consciousness (‫ فقد الَدراك‬faqd al-i.
reach, get, catch, overtake, outdistance, unconsciousness); comprehension,
outrun (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), catch up, come up understanding, grasp; reason, intelligence;
(‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with); to keep up, continue without sexual maturity, puberty; age of maturity
interruption (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to attain, reach (‫هـ‬ │‫ سن الَدراك‬of sinn al-i. age of discretion
s.th.), arrive (‫ هـ‬at); to get, catch, overtake (Isl. Law)
(‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.), catch up, come up (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ ‫ تدرك‬tadarruk gradual decline
with); to come suddenly, unexpectedly (‫ه‬
upon s.o.), overtake (‫ ه‬s.o.; death); to ‫ استدراك‬istidrāk redress, reparation;
obtain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to grasp, comprehend (‫هـ‬ correction, emendation, rectification 279
s.th.); to perceive, discern, notice (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫ مَدرك‬mudrik rational, reasonable,
to realize, understand (‫ هـ‬s.th.), become endowed with reason, intelligent;
aware, become conscious (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to (sexually) mature, pubescent, at the age of
mature, ripen (e.g., a fruit); to attain puberty
puberty, reach sexual maturity (boy) V
‫( تداركت الشمس الى المغيب‬šams, magīb) the ‫ مَدركات‬mudrakāt realizations;
sun prepared to set VI to reach and seize cognitions; fixed notions, established
one another; to continue without concepts
interruption, go on incessantly; to face, 2
‫( درك‬Engl.) derrick, derrick crane
meet, obviate, take steps to prevent (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to put in order, set right, correct (‫هـ‬ ‫ درم‬darima a to fall out (teeth) II to clip, trim (
s.th.), make amends (‫ هـ‬for), provide ‫ هـ‬nails)
compensation or indemnity (‫ هـ‬for a loss, ‫ درن‬darina a (daran) to be dirty, filthy IV do.
or the like) X to correct, rectify, emend (‫هـ‬ V to suffer from tuberculosis
s.th.); to set right, put in order, straighten
‫ درن‬darn pl. ‫ ادران‬adrān dirt, filth;
out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make good, repair, redress
tubercles; tuberculosis │ ‫( درن رئوي‬ri’awī)
(‫ هـ‬a damage, a mistake, etc.), make up (‫هـ‬
pulmonary tuberculosis
for); to supplement, supply (‫ هـ‬that which
is missing); to anticipate, forestall, obviate ‫ درنة‬darana (n. un.) pl. -āt tubercle;
(‫ هـ‬an event) small tumor, outgrowth, excrescence,
tuberculc, nodule
‫ درك‬darak attainment, achievement,
accomplishment; overtaking, catching up; ‫ درني‬daranī tubercular, tuberculous
police; (pl. ‫ ادراك‬adrāk) bottom, lowest ‫ تدرن‬tadarrun tuberculosis │‫تدرن رئوي‬
level (ri’awī) and ‫ تدرن الرئة‬t. ar-ri’a pulmonary
‫ دركي‬darakī policeman tuberculosis
‫ دركة‬daraka lowest level; pl. –āt ‫ تدرني‬tadarrunī tuberculous
descending steps (as opposed to ‫ ;درجات‬cf. ‫ مَتدرن‬mutadarrin affected with
‫ درجات الحيات ودركات الموت‬darajāt al-ḥayāh tubercles, tuberculated
wa-d. al-maut)
‫ مَدره‬midrāh pl. ‫ مَداره‬madārih2 spokesman
‫ دراك‬darrāk much-accomplishing,
efficient, successful ‫ درهم‬dirham pl. ‫ دراهم‬darāhim2 dirhem,
drachma (Ir. = coin of 50 ‫ ;)فلس‬a weight
‫ مَدارك‬madārik2 mental faculties, mental (Eg. = 1/12 ‫ = اوقية‬ca. 3.12 g); ‫ دراهم‬money,
powers, intelligence, intellectual cash
capacities, perception, discernment │‫المدار‬
‫ ك الخمس‬the five senses ‫ دريهمات‬duraihimāt (dimin. with a
derogatory sense; approx.:) pennies
‫ دراكا‬dirākan (adv.) constantly,
incessantly, without interruption ‫ دروة‬dirwa pl. -āt (eg.) protecting screen or
wall; parapet
‫ ادراك‬idrāk reaching, attainment,
achievement, accomplishment; realization, ‫ درواس‬dirwās mastiff
perception, discernment, awareness, ‫ درويش‬darwīš pl. ‫ دراويش‬darāwīš2 dervish
1
‫ درى‬darī ī (‫ دراية‬dirāya) to know (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th. dass ad-d. machinations, intrigues,
or of s.th.); to be aware, be cognizant (‫ب‬ scheming, plotting (‫ ضد‬against); plot,
or ‫ هـ‬of); to understand, comprehend (‫ ب‬or conspiracy
‫ هـ‬s.th.) │‫ ومَا يدري الَ و‬... all of a sudden ‫ دساس‬dassās pl. -ūn intriguant,
there was ... III to flatter, treat with flattery intriguer, schemer, plotter, conspirator;
or gentle courtesy, cajole, coax (‫ ه‬s.o.); to sand snake (Eryx jaculus)
deceive, fool, mislead (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
1
dissemble; to conceal, hide, mask, ‫ دست‬dast pl. ‫ دسوت‬dusūt place of honor, seat
disguise (‫ ه‬s.th.) IV to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ب‬ of honor, seat of office; council │‫دست الحكم‬
s.th. or about s.th.), inform, notify, advise d. al-ḥukm (a ruler’s) throne
(‫ ب ه‬s.o. of) │‫ ومَا ادراك مَا‬... (adrāka), also 2
‫ دست‬dist pl. ‫ دسوت‬dusūt kettle, boiler, caldron
‫ ومَا ادراك ب‬do you realize what ... is? you made of copper (eg., syr.)
don’t even know what ... means! VI to 3
hide, conceal o.s. ‫ دستة‬dasta dozen; pack, packet, package
‫ دراية‬dirāya knowledge, cognizance, ‫ دستور‬dustūr pl. ‫ دساتير‬dasātīr2 statute;
acquaintance regulations; by-laws; (basic) constitutional
law; constitution (pol.); -- (colloq.) dastūr
‫ ادرى‬adrā more knowledgeable, better permission
informed, knowing better (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.),
better acquainted (‫ ب‬with) ‫ دستوري‬dustūrī constitutional │ ‫النظام‬
‫ الدستورى‬constitutional form of government
‫ لَ ادري‬lā-adrī a skeptic
‫ دستورية‬dustūrīya constitutionality │ ‫عدم‬
‫ مَداراة‬mudārāh sociability, affability, ‫’الدستورية‬adam ad-d. unconstitutionality
companionableness
‫ دسر‬dasara u (dasr) to push, shove, push off (
‫ دار‬dārin knowing, aware, cognizant (‫ب‬ ‫ هـ‬s.th.)
of s.th.)
2
O ‫ داسر‬dāsir propeller, airscrew
‫ مَدرى‬midran, ‫ مَدرة‬midra (= ‫ مَردى‬mirdan), ‫مَدرا‬
‫ ة‬midrāh pl. ‫ مَدار‬madārin pole (esp. one ‫ دسكر‬daskara pl. ‫ دساكر‬dasākir2 village
for punting boats) ‫ دسم‬dasam fatness (of meat); fat, grease
‫ درياق‬diryāq (= ‫ )ترياق‬theriaca; antidote ‫ دسم‬dasim fat; fatty, greasy, grimy,
‫( دزينة‬It. dozzina) dazzīna dozen grubby; rich, abundant, substantial; meaty,
pithy, full of thoughts (e.g., reading
‫ دس‬dassa u (dass) to put, get, slip, shove, material)
thrust, insert (‫ في هـ‬s.th. into); to bury ( ‫في‬
‫ هـ‬s.th. in the ground); to instill, infuse ( ‫في‬ ‫ ادسم‬adsam2, f. ‫ دسماء‬dasmā’2, pl. ‫دسم‬
‫ هـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th. in); to administer surreptitiously dusm very fat; fatty, greasy, grimy,
(‫ السم‬as-samma poison, ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to foist ( grubby; -- richer, more substantial, pithier
‫ في هـ‬s.th. into); to smuggle (‫ في هـ‬s.th. into, ‫ دسامَة‬dasāma fattiness, greasiness,
‫ بين ه‬s.o. among); to interpolate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to griminess, grubbiness
intrigue, scheme, plot (‫ ل‬,‫ على‬against s.o.)
│‫ دس الدسائس‬to engage in secret ‫ دسومَة‬dusūma fatness; richness,
machinations, intrigue scheme II to put in, substantiality
get in, slip in, shove in, thrust in, insert (‫هـ‬ ‫ دسام‬dassām plug, stopper
s.th.); to hide, conceal (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to
‫ ديسم‬daisam amaranth (bot.)
engage (secretly, ‫ الى‬in); to be hidden (‫في‬
in) VII to slip (‫ بين‬between or among, ‫في‬ ‫ دسمبر‬disembir, disambir December
into), creep, steal, sneak (‫ بين‬among, ‫في‬ ‫ دسو‬II to introduce, bring in (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be
into), 280 infiltrate (‫ في‬s.th.); to ingratiate hidden, concealed; to penetrate (‫ الى‬into)
o.s., insinuate o.s. (‫ في‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o., into
s.o.’s confidence); to be hidden ‫( دش‬Fr. douche) duš shower, douche
‫ دسيسة‬dasīsa pl. ‫ دسائس‬dasā’is intrigue, ‫ دشيش‬dašīš and ‫ دشيشة‬a kind of porridge made
machination, scheme, plot │‫دس الدسائس‬ of crushed wheat and butter
‫ دشت‬dašt junk, trash, rubbish, refuse ‫ دعارة‬da‘āra, di‘āra indecency,
immorality, licentiousness, debauchery │
‫ دشن‬II to hand over, present (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ بيت الدعارة‬bait ad-d. brothel
consecrate, dedicate, inaugurate (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ داعر‬dā‘ir pl. ‫ دعار‬du‘‘ār unchaste,
‫ تدشين‬tadšīn consecration, dedication,
lewd, licentious, dissolute, obscene,
inauguration │ ‫ تدشين الكنيشة‬consecration of
bawdy, indecent, immoral
the church
‫ دعس‬da‘asa a (da‘s) to tread underfoot,
‫ دشو‬V to belch, burp, eruct
trample down, crush (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to knock
‫ دعة‬da‘a see ‫ودع‬ down, run over (‫ ه‬s.o.; automobile) VII
‫ دع‬da‘‘ to rebuff, turn down (contemptuously, pass. of I
II the poor, an orphan) ‫ دعك‬da‘aka a (da‘k) to rub (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to scrub,
‫ دعب‬da‘aba a (‫ دعابة‬du‘āba) to joke, jest, make scour (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to scrub on a washboard (
fun (‫ ه‬with s.o.) III to play, toy (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬with ‫ هـ‬laundry); to crush, squash, mash (‫هـ‬
s.th., with s.o.); to joke, jest, make fun (‫ه‬ s.th.); to crumple (‫ هـ‬paper)
with s.o.); to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) a good-natured ‫ دعم‬da‘ama a (da‘m) and II to support, hold up
slap or smack (‫ ;)ب‬to flirt (‫ ها‬with a (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to prop, shore up, stay, buttress,
woman) ; to dally, philander, play around ( underpin (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cement, consolidate,
‫ ها‬with a woman); to play (‫ ه‬about s.o.; strengthen (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII ‫ ادعم‬idda‘ama to
e.g., waves); to stroke gently, caress, be supported; to rest, be based (‫ على‬on)
fondle (‫ ه‬s.th.); to beguile, tempt, delude (‫ه‬
‫ دعمة‬da‘ma pl. ‫ دعم‬di‘am support, prop
s.o.; said of hopes); to play (‫ هـ‬a musical
instrument) │ ‫داعب البيانو‬to play on the ‫ دعامَة‬di‘āma pl. -āt, ‫ دعائم‬da‘ā’im2
piano VI to make fun, have fun together, support, prop, stay, shore; pier; buttress;
have a good time pillar (esp. fig., e.g., ‫ دعائم السيادة‬pillars of
authority)
‫ داعب‬dā‘ib joking, jocose, playful, jolly,
gay, funny 281 ‫ تدعيم‬tad‘īm support, strengthening,
reinforcement, consolidation,
‫ دعابة‬du‘āba pl. -āt joking, jesting, fun-
underpinning
making, fun; joke, jest
‫ )دعو‬and ‫ دعي( دعا‬da‘ā u (‫ دعاء‬du‘ā’) to call (‫ه‬
‫ دعاب‬da‘‘āb jocose, playful, jolly, gay
s.o.); to summon (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.), call or send
‫ مَداعبة‬mudā‘aba pl. -āt play, fun- for s.o. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ;)ه‬to call up (‫ ب‬s.o., ‫ ل‬,‫الى‬
making, fun; joke, jest; pleasantry; for); to call upon s.o. (‫)ه‬, appeal to s.o. (‫)ه‬
dalliance, flirtation, philandery for s.th. or to do s.th. (‫ الى‬,‫)ل‬, invite, urge (
‫ داعب‬dā‘ib joking, jocose, playful, jolly, ‫ الى ه‬,‫ ل‬s.o. to do s.th.); to invite, ask to
gay, funny come (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to; e.g., to a banquet); to
move, induce, prompt (‫ الى ه‬,‫ ل‬s.o. to do
‫ مَداعب‬mudā‘ib joking, jesting s.th.), prevail (‫ الى ه‬,‫ ل‬on s.o. to do s.th.);
‫ دعبل‬di‘bil frog spawn, frog’s eggs to call (‫ هـ ه‬,‫ ب‬s.o. by a name), name (‫ هـ‬,‫ب‬
‫ ه‬s.o. so and so), pass.: ‫ دعي‬du‘iya to be
‫ مَدعبل‬muda‘bal indisposed, out of sorts; called, be named; to invoke (‫ ا‬God = to
round, ball-shaped pray to); to wish (‫ ل‬s.o.) well, bless (‫ ل‬s.o.;
‫ ادعج‬ad‘aj2, f. ‫ دعجاء‬da‘jā’2, pl. ‫ دعج‬du‘j black- properly: to invoke God in favor of s.o.),
eyed; deep-black and large (eye) invoke a blessing (‫ )ب‬upon s.o. (‫)ل‬, pray (
‫ ب‬for s.th., ‫ ل‬on behalf of s.o.), implore (‫ب‬
‫ دعر‬da‘ira a (da‘ar) to be immoral
‫ ل‬for s.o. s.th.); to curse (‫ على‬s.o.;
‫ دعر‬da‘ar immorality, indecency properly: to invoke God against s.o.), call
‫ دعر‬da‘ir unchaste, lewd, licentious, down evil, invoke evil (‫ على‬upon s.o.); to
dissolute, obscene, bawdy, immoral, propagate, propagandize (‫ ل‬s.th.), make
indecent propaganda, make publicity (‫ ل‬for); to
demand, require (‫ الى‬s.th.), call for (‫ ;)الى‬to
call forth, bring about, cause, provoke,
occasion (‫ الى‬s.th.), give rise (‫ الى‬to) │ ‫دعي‬ ‫ دعوى‬da‘wā pl. ‫ دعاوى‬da‘āwā, ‫دعاو‬
‫( للجتماع‬du‘ya) to be summoned, be called da‘āwin allegation, pretension; claim;
into session (parliament); ‫دعي الى حمل‬ lawsuit, case, action, legal proceedings
‫ السلح‬du‘iya ilā ḥamli a-silāḥ to be called (Isl. Law) │‫ بدعوى ان‬on the pretext that ...
up for military service, be called to the ‫ دعي‬da‘īy pl. ‫ ادعياء‬ad‘iyā’2 adopted
colors; ‫ رجل يدعى‬... (yud‘ā) a man son; bastard; braggart, bigmouth, show-
called ..., a man by the name of ...; ‫دعا له‬ off; pretender; swindler, impostor
‫( بطول العمر‬ṭūli l-‘umr) he wished him a
long life III to challenge (‫ ه‬s.o.); to pick a ‫ دعاء‬du‘ā’ pl. ‫ ادعية‬ad‘iya call;
quarrel (‫ ه‬with); to proceed judicially (‫ه‬ invocation of God, supplication, prayer;
against), prosecute (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to challenge request, plea; good wish (‫ ل‬for s.o.);
each other, call each 282 other forth or imprecation, course (‫ على‬against s.o.)
out, summon each other; to evoke one ‫ ادعى‬ad‘ā more conducive, more
another (thoughts, reminiscences, stimulating, of greater incentive (‫ ل‬,‫ الى‬to),
sentiments); to be dilapidated, be tumble- causing or provoking to a greater extent (
down, threaten to fall (walls); to sink, ‫ ل‬,‫ الى‬s.th.)
subside, cave in; to fall down, sink to the
ground (person); to collapse, break down, ‫ دعاوة‬da’āwa, di‘āwa pl. -āt propaganda
decline, degenerate (fig., of a cultural (pol.); publicity (‫ الى‬for)
phenomenon); to dock together, rally VIII ‫ دعاوى‬da‘āwī, di‘āwī propagandistic
‫ ادعى‬idda‘ā to allege, claim, maintain (‫هـ‬
s.th., ‫ ان‬that); to lay claim (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), ‫ دعاية‬di‘āya propaganda (pol.)
demand, claim (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make undue ‫ دعائي‬di‘ā’ī propagandistic
claims (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), arrogate (to o.s.),
‫ مَدعاة‬mad‘āh determining factor,
assume unduly or presumptuously (‫هـ‬
decisive motive or incentive, cause,
s.th.); to effect, feign, simulate, pretend,
occasion
purport (‫ ب‬s.th.); to testify (in court); to
accuse (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ على‬s.o. of), charge (‫ ب‬or ‫هـ‬ ‫ تداع‬tadā‘in imminent collapse,
‫ على‬s.o. with), blame (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ على‬s.o. for), impending breakdown; mutual
hold s.th. (‫ ب‬or ‫ )هـ‬against s.o. (‫ )على‬X to summoning │‫ تداعى المعانى‬tadā‘ī l-ma‘ānī
call or send (‫ ه‬for s.o.), summon (‫ ه‬s.o.); to association of ideas
cite, summon for examination or trial (‫ه‬ ‫ ادعاء‬iddi‘ā’ pl. -āt claim; arrogation,
s.o.; court, police); to recall (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., a undue assumption, presumption;
diplomatic envoy); to call, appoint (‫ ه‬s.o., allegation; pretension, pretense;
e.g., a professor to a chair); to invoke (‫ه‬ accusation, charge; ‫ الَدعاء‬the prosecution
s.o.); to invite, urge (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to do s.th.), (in a court of justice)
suggest (‫ الى ه‬to s.o. s.th. or to do s.th.),
call upon s.o. (‫ )ه‬to do s.th. (‫)الى‬, appeal ( ‫ استدعاء‬istid‘ā’ summons, summoning;
‫ الى ه‬to s.o. for s.th. or to do s.th.); to call recall, calling back; official summons,
for (‫)هـ‬, require, demand, necessitate, citation
make necessary or requisite (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ داع‬dā‘in pl. ‫ دعاة‬du‘āh one who invites,
‫ دعوة‬da‘wa call; appeal; bidding, inviter; propagandist; host; motive,
demand, request; call, convocation, reason, cause │‫( لَ داعي‬dā‘iya) it is not
summons (‫ الى‬to), calling up, summoning; necessary, there is no need, there is no
(official) summons, citation; invitation; cause (‫ ل‬for)
claim, demand, plea; missionary activity, ‫ داعية‬dā‘iya one who calls for s.th. (‫)الى‬, invites
missionary work (also ‫ نشر الدعوة‬našr ad- to s.th. (‫ ;)الى‬propagandist (with foll. genit.
d.), propaganda; -- (pl. ‫ دعوات‬da‘awāt) or ‫الى‬: of s.th.), herald; 283 (pl. ‫دواع‬
invocation, imploration, supplication, dawā‘in) motive, reason, cause, occasion;
prayer; good wish │‫ دعوات صالحات‬good pl. ‫ دواع‬requirements, exigencies │ ‫داعية‬
wishes; ‫( دعوة بالشر‬šarr) imprecation, ‫ حرب‬warmonger; ‫ لدواع صحية‬li-dawā‘in
curse; ‫ صاحب الدعوة‬host ṣiḥḥīya for reasons of health; ‫مَن دواعي‬
‫ سروري‬it gives me great pleasure ...
‫ مَدعو‬mad‘ūw one invited, guest; called, ‫ دغم‬IV and VIII ‫ ادغم‬iddagama to put (‫في هـ‬
named, by the name of s.th. into), insert, incorporate, embody ( ‫في‬
‫ هـ‬s.th. in); (gram.) to contract (‫ في هـ‬one
‫ مَتداع‬mutadā‘in evoking one another,
letter into another), assimilate (‫ في هـ‬s.th.
one leading to the other (reminiscences,
to) VII to be incorporated, embodied,
thoughts); frail. shaky (constitution);
merged, amalgamated; to be assimilated,
dilapidated, tumble-down; ready to fall,
contracted
threatened with collapse; declining, in a
stage of decline, on the downgrade ‫ دف‬daffa i (‫ دفيف‬dafīf) to flap the wings (bird)
II to hurry, rush
‫ مَدع‬muda‘in one who makes an
allegation or pretension, alleger, ‫ دف‬daff pl. ‫ دفوف‬dufūf side; lateral
pretender; claimer, claimant; plaintiff; surface
prosecutor (jur.); arrogant, presumptuous, ‫ دف‬duff, daff pl. ‫ دفوف‬dufūf tambourine
bumptious │‫‘( المدعي العمومَي‬umūmī) the
public prosecutor; ‫‘( المدعى العام‬āmm) do. ‫ دفة‬daffa side; leaf (of a double door or
(Mor.) window); cover (of a book), ‫ الدفتان‬the two
covers of a book; rudder, helm │‫ قائد الدفة‬or
‫ مَدعى‬muda‘an claimed; ‫ المدعى عليه‬the ‫ مَدير الدفة‬mudīr ad-d. steersman,
defendant (jur.); pl. ‫ مَدعيات‬muda‘ayāt helmsman; ‫ قبض على دفة التنفيذ‬to take the
claims, pretensions helm, make o.s. the leader; ‫ يد الدفة‬yad ad-
‫ مَستدع‬mustad‘in applicant, petitioner d. tiller; ‫( مَن الدفة للشابورة‬eg.) all together,
one and all, all without exception
‫ دغدغ‬dagdaga to tickle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to crush; to
chew, munch (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ دفية‬diffīya (eg.) loose woolen cloak
1
‫ دغر‬dagara a (dagr, ‫ دغرى‬dagrā) to attack ( ‫ دفئ‬dafi’a a and ‫ دفؤ‬dafu’a u to be warm; to
‫ على‬s.o.). fall upon s.o. (‫)على‬ feel warm II and IV to warm, heat (‫هـ‬
s.th.) V, VIII ‫ ادفأ‬iddafa’a and X to warm
‫ دغر‬dagr attack, assault
o.s.
‫ دغرى‬dagrā attack, assault
‫ دفء‬dif’ warmth, warmness, heat
2
‫ دغرى‬dugrī (eg., syr.) direct, straight; straight
‫ دفئ‬dafi’ and ‫ دفيء‬dafī’ warm
ahead
‫ دفآن‬daf’ān2, f. ‫ دفأى‬daf’ā warm
‫ دغش‬IV ‫ ادغشت الدنيا‬adgašat id-dunyā it became
dark, twilight fell ‫ دفاء‬difā’ heating
‫ دغش‬dagaš darkness, dusk, twilight ‫ دفاءة‬dafā’a warmth, warmness, heat
‫ دغيشة‬dagīša darkness, dusk □ ‫ دفاية‬daffāya pl. -āt stove 284
‫ دغص‬dagiṣa a (dagaṣ) to be chock-full, on tile ‫ مَدفأ‬midfa’ and ‫ مَدفأة‬midfa’a pl. ‫مَدافئ‬
point of bursting madāfi’2 stove, heating stove
‫ داغصة‬dāgiṣa pl. ‫ دواغص‬dawāgiṣ knee-pan, ‫ تدفئة‬tadfi’a heating, generation of heat
kneecap, patella ‫ دفتر‬daftar pl. ‫ دفاتر‬dafātir 2 booklet; notebook,
‫ دغل‬dagal pl. ‫ ادغال‬adgāl, ‫ دغال‬digāl place with copybook; daybook, journal; ledger
luxuriant tree growth; thicket, bush, (com.); roster, register, official register │
jungle; -- defectiveness, faultiness, ‫( دفتر حسابي‬ḥisābī) account book; bank-
corruption book, passbook; ‫ دفتر الحسابات‬d. al-ḥisābāt
letter file, letter book, folder, portfolio;
‫ داغل‬dagil covered with dense
‫ دفتر الشروط‬publication setting forth the
undergrowth (place); impenetrable;
terms of a purchase, the conditions of a
corrupted
lease, the stipulations of a contract, or the
‫ مَدغل‬mudgil covered with dense like; ‫ دفتر الَشتراك‬subscription booklet; ‫دفتر‬
undergrowth (place); false, perfidious, ‫ الصندوق‬d. aṣ-ṣundūq cashbook (com.); ‫دفتر‬
insidious (in character) ‫ المساحة‬cadastre, land register; ‫ دفتر اليومَية‬d.
al-yaumīya diary, journal; ‫ مَسك الدفاتر‬mask be too hotheaded; to plunge headlong (‫في‬
ad-d. bookkeeping into s.th.); to rush, dart. make (‫ الى‬at s.th.),
pounce (‫ الى‬on s.th.); to rush off, hurry off,
‫ دفترخانة‬daftarkāna archives, public
go quickly (‫ الى‬to; with foll. imperf.: to do
records office (Eg.) │ ‫دفترخانة المَلك العقارية‬
s.th.); to give o.s. (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to burst forth,
d. al-amlāk al-‘aqārīya land-registry
gush out, pour forth, spurt, spout, flow,
office (Tun.)
run (‫ مَن‬from; water); to let o.s. be carried
‫ دفتيريا‬diftēriyā diphtheria away or be overcome (‫ وراء‬by s.th., e.g.,
‫ دفر‬dafara to push, push back (‫ ه‬s.o.); dafira a ‫ وراء شهواته‬šahawātihī by one’s bodily
(dafar) to stink appetites, ‫ وراء شعوره‬by one’s feelings, ‫وراء‬
‫ العاجلة‬by worldly things); to proceed, set
‫ دفر‬dafar stench out, begin (with foll. imperf.: to do s.th.)
‫ دفر‬dafir stinking, fetid X to try to ward off or stave off (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ب‬
by)
‫ دفس‬dafasa to hide (A s.th.); to push
‫ دفع‬daf‘ pushing back, shoving aside;
‫ دفع‬dafa‘a a (daf‘) to push; to push away, repulsion. driving away, driving off;
shove away, push back, drive back, repel, dispelling; parrying, warding off, staving
remove, dislodge, drive away (‫ ه‬,‫ عن هـ‬s.o., off; repulse, rejection. repudiation;
s.th. from); ‫( دفعه جانبا‬jāniban) to push, rebuttal; handing over, turning in;
shove, or elbow, s.o. aside; to rid (‫عن نفسه‬ payment 285
o.s., ‫ هـ‬of s.th.), get rid of s.th.; to get the
better (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of s.o., of s.th.), conquer, ‫ دفعة‬daf‘a (n. vic.) pl. dafa‘āt shove,
master control (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fight ( ‫ب‬ push, thrust; impetus, impact, momentum,
‫ هـ‬s.th. with); to reject, repudiate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); forceful impulse, drive; ejaculation;
to rebut, refute, disprove (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to payment; deposit; disbursement; pl. issues
propel, drive (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to move, cause, (stock market)
urge, impel, egg on, goad (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o., ‫الى‬ ‫ دفعة‬daf‘a pl. dufu‘āt, dafa‘āt that
or ‫ ل‬to do s.th.), induce, incite, force, which issues at anyone time, a burst, a
compel, oblige (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o., ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to), gush, a spurt, and the like; time, instance
make s.o. (‫ ب‬or ‫ )ه‬do s.th. (‫ الى‬or ‫ ;)ل‬to │‫( دفعة واحدة‬duf‘atan) all at one time, all at
band over, present, turn over (‫ ل‬or ‫الى هـ‬ once, in one stroke, in one fell swoop; ‫هذه‬
s.th. to s.o.); to pay (‫ ثمنا‬tamanan a price, ‫ الدفعة‬this time; ‫ ست دفعات‬six times; ‫على‬
‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.) │‫( دفع خطاه الى‬kuṭāhū) to ‫( دفعات مَتفاوتة‬mutafāwita) at different times
wend one’s way to III to resist, withstand (
‫ ه‬s.o., .s.th.). offer resistance (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to); to ‫ دفاع‬daffā’ propelling, impelling, giving
contradict, oppose (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ عن‬so as to make impetus; O piston (techn.)
him abstain from s.th.), dissuade (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫عن‬ ‫ مَدفع‬midfa’ pl. ‫ مَدافع‬madāfi‘2 gun,
from); to suppress (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to defend (‫عن‬ cannon │O ‫( مَدافع بعيدة المرمَى‬ba‘īdat al-
s.o., s.th.), uphold (‫ عن‬s.th.); to be marmā) long-range guns; ‫مَدفع رشاش‬
entrusted with the defense (‫ عن‬of s.th., of (raššāš) machine gun; O ‫مَدافع ضخمة‬
s.o., also jur.) V to dash forward; to dart (ḍakma) heavy artillery; O ‫المدافع المضاد‬
off, rush off; to pour forth, flow, stream, ‫( للطائرات‬muḍādda) or ‫المدافع المقاومَة للطائرات‬
gush forth (water); to spring up, make (muqāwima) antiaircraft guns; O ‫مَدفع ثلثي‬
itself felt (an idea, a social tendency, and ‫( مَضاد للطائرات‬tulātī, muḍādd) three-
the like) VI to shove or push one another; barreled anti-aircraft gun (mil.); ‫مَدفع هون‬
to push or shove one another away or m. hāwun mortar; ‫ ضرب مَدفع الظهر‬ḍarb m.
aside; to push off, shove off (‫ عن‬from); to aẓ-ẓuhr marking of exact noon by cannon
issue in intermittent bursts, gush forth shot
intermittently; to burst forth, rush out,
‫ مَدفعي‬midfa‘ī gun-, cannon-, artillery-
sally (‫ مَن‬from); to be propelled, be driven
(in compounds); artilleryman, gunner,
forward; to storm forward VII to dart off,
cannoneer
rush off; to proceed rashly, blindly,
without forethought; to be too impetuous, ‫ مَدفعية‬midfa‘īya artillery
‫ دفاع‬difā‘ protection; defense (‫ عن‬of ‫ دافق‬dāfiq pl. ‫ دوافق‬dawāfiq2 bursting
s.th., of s.o., also jur.) │‫ خط الدفاع‬kaṭṭ ad-d. forth, breaking out, erupting; gushing,
line of defense; halfbacks (soccer); ‫مَجلس‬ torrential
‫ الدفاع‬majlis ad-d. defense council; ‫وزارة‬ ‫ مَتدفق‬mutadaffiq impulsive; exuberant,
‫ الدفاع‬ministry of defense, war ministry; ‫الدفا‬ effusive 286
‫( ع الوطني‬waṭanī) national defense; ‫الدفاع‬
‫( المضاد للطائرات‬muḍādd) anti-aircraft ‫ دفلى‬diflā oleander (Nerium oleander L.; bot.)
defense; ‫ دفاع شرعي‬legitimate self-defense ‫ دفن‬dafana i (dafn) to bury, inter, inhume (‫ه‬
‫ دفاعي‬difā‘ī defensive, protective s.o.); to hide, conceal, keep secret (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَدافعة‬mudāfa‘a defense (‫ عن‬of s.th.) ‫ دفن‬dafn burial, interment, inhumation
‫ اندفاع‬indifā‘ pl. -āt rush(ing), plunging, ‫ دفين‬dafn pl. ‫ دفناء‬dufanā’2 buried,
plunge (‫ في‬into); outburst, outbreak intend; hidden, secret
eruption; élan, dash, impetuosity, ‫ دفينة‬dafīna pl. ‫ دفائن‬dafā’in2 hidden
rashness, hotheadedness, fire, exuberance, treasure, treasure-trove
effusiveness; self-abandon; ‫اندفاعا‬
indifā‘an spontaneously ‫ مَدفن‬madfan, ‫ مَدفنة‬madfana pl. ‫مَدافن‬
madāfin 2 burying place, burial ground,
‫ اندفاعة‬indifā‘a (n. vic.) sudden outburst, cemetery
outbreak (e.g., of wailing)
‫ دفاية‬see ‫دفئ‬
‫ دافع‬dāfi‘ repellent, expellant; driving,
pushing, giving impetus, incentive, ‫ دق‬daqqa i (‫ دقة‬diqqa) to be thin, fine, fragile,
impellent, propelling, propulsive, etc.; frail; to be little, small, tiny, minute; to be
repeller; payer, e.g., ‫ دافعوا الضرائب‬the tax- subtle, delicate; to be insignificant,
payers; (pl. ‫ دوافع‬dawfi‘2) incentive, unimportant, trifling, inconsiderable; to be
impulse, impetus, spur, motive; ‫( بدافع‬with too fine, too subtle (‫ عن‬for perception); --
foll. genit.) motivated by ..., by reason u (daqq) to crush, bruise, bray (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
of ..., on the strength of … grind, pulverize, powder (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
pound (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., meat); to strike
‫ مَدفوعات‬madfū‘āt payments (clock); to beat, throb (heart); to hammer,
‫ مَدافع‬mudāfi‘ defender (‫ عن‬of s.o., of throb (engine); to knock, rap, bang (‫الباب‬
s.th.) al-bāba on the door); to bump (‫رأسه بالحائط‬
ra’sahū bi-l-ḥā’iṭ one’s head against the
‫ دفق‬dafaqa u i (dafq) to pour out, pour forth (‫هـ‬ wall); to drive (‫ هـ‬a nail); to ram in, drive
s.th.); -- u (dafq, ‫ دفوق‬dufūq) to be shed; to in (constr. eng.); to beat, strum, play (‫ على‬a
flow, well out, spout, gush forth; to musical instrument); to type (‫ على‬on a
overflow (0 with s.th.) V to pour forth, typewriter); -- to sound, resound, ring out
spout forth, gush forth; to rush in; to break (said of musical instruments) │ ‫دق‬
forth, break out, burst out; to go off (shot); ‫(الجرس‬jarasa) to ring the bell; ‫دق جرس‬
to plunge blindly (‫ الى‬,‫ في‬into s.th.); to rush ‫( الخطر‬j. al-kaṭar) to sound the alarm; ‫دق‬
(‫ على‬against); to crowd (‫ على‬into) VII = V ‫ الجرس على‬to call s.o. up, give s.o. a ring;
‫ دفق‬dafq pouring out, effusion ‫( دق الجرس‬jarasu) the bell rang; ‫دقت الساعة‬
the clock struck II to triturate, pulverize,
‫ دفقة‬dufqa pl. dufuqāt, dufaqāt, dufqāt =
reduce to powder (oil s.th.); to he precise,
‫ دفعة‬duf‘a │‫( دفقة واحدة‬dufqatan) = ‫دفعة‬
exact, strict, meticulous, painstaking,
‫ واحدة; دفقات الريح‬d. ar-rīḥ gusts; ‫دفقة مَن الماء‬
proceed with utmost accuracy or care (‫في‬
gush of water
in s.th.); to scrutinize, examine closely,
‫ دفاق‬dafāq bursting forth, darting out, determine exactly (‫ ه‬s.th.); to do (‫ ه‬s.th.)
rushing out carefully, with precision! ‫( دقق البحث‬baḥta)
‫ تدفق‬tadaffuq outpour, outflow, issue, to investigate carefully; ‫( دقق النظر‬naẓara)
effluence, efflux, effusion; influx, run, to watch attentively or carefully,
rush, inrush, inpour; outbreak, outburst; scrutinize, examine closely (‫ في‬s.th.); ‫دقق‬
impulsiveness; exuberance, effusiveness ‫( الملحظة‬mulāḥaẓa) to observe closely III
to deal scrupulously (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to discerning, sensitive; ‫ ابو دقيق‬abū d.
make fine, make thin (‫ ه‬s.th.) VII to be butterfly; ‫( العضاء الدقيقة‬a‘ḍā’) the genitals
crushed, brayed, pounded; to be broken │ ‫ دقيقة‬daqīqa pl. ‫ دقائق‬daqā’iq2 particle;
‫‘( اندق عنقه‬unquhū) he broke his neck X to nicety; intricacy; detail, particular; minute
be or become thin or fine (time unit) │‫ دقائق المَور‬the niceties,
‫ دق‬daqq crushing, bruising, braying, intricacies, or secret implications of things
pounding; pulverization, trituration; ‫ دقاق‬daqqāq grinder, crusher; flour
grinding (down); beat(ing), throb(bing); merchant; frequently or constantly
bang(ing), knock(ing), rap(ping); beating, striking, etc.; player of an
tattoo(ing) │‫ دق الجرس‬d. al-jaras peal, instrument │‫ ساعة دقاقة‬repeater (watch)
ringing, sound of a bell; ‫ دق الحنق‬d. al-
ḥanak chatter, prattle ‫ دقاقة‬daqqāqa knocker, rapper (of a
door)
‫ دق‬diqq fine, thin; little, small, tiny,
minute; delicate, fragile, frail │‫شجر دق‬ ‫ ادق‬adaqq2 finer; more delicate; smaller,
(šajar) shrubbery, brush, scrub; ‫حمى الدق‬ tinier; more accurate, preciser; stricter
ḥumma d-d. hectic fever ‫ مَدق‬midaqq beetle; pounder, pestle;
‫ دقة‬daqqa (n. vic.) pl. -āt bang, knock, (eg.) trail, footpath
rap; beat, throb; stroke, striking (of a ‫ مَدقة‬midaqqa pl. ‫ مَداق‬madāqq2 pounder,
clock); hammer, hammering sound; pestle; beetle; clapper. tongue (of a bell)
thumping, thump │‫ دقات القلب‬d. al-qalb
heartbeats; ‫ دقة الجرس‬d. al-jaras peal, or ‫ تدقيق‬tadqīq accuracy, precision,
ring, of a bell; telephone call, ring exactness, exactitude ‫ بتدقيق‬exactly,
precisely, accurately, minutely
‫ دقة‬diqqa thinness; fineness; smallness,
tininess, minuteness; triviality, pettiness, ‫ مَدقق‬mudaqqiq exact, accurate
paltriness; subtlety, subtleness, finesse; (scholar), thorough (investigator),
critical or precarious state, delicate painstaking, meticulous, strict, relentless
situation; accuracy, exactness, exactitude, ‫ مَدقق‬mudaqqiq precise, exact (data)
precision │‫ بدقة‬exactly, accurately,
precisely, minutely, painstakingly, ‫ داقرة‬dāqira pl. ‫ دواقر‬dawāqir2 elay vessel 2
meticulously, sharply; ‫ دقة الشعور‬acuteness (tun.); -- stipend for underprivileged
of feeling, sensitivity, sensitiveness, students (tun.)
sensibility ‫ دقشوم‬daqšūm (eg.) rubblestone, crushed rock;
‫ دقة‬duqqa pl. ‫ دقق‬duqaq fine dust; brickbats, gravel
powder ‫ دقع‬daqi‘a a (daqa‘) to grovel, cringe; to be
‫ دقاق‬duqāq crushed, brayed, or miserable, wretched, humble, abject; to
pulverized, substance; powder; dour of live in poverty IV do.; to make miserable (
lupine ‫ ه‬s.o.; poverty)

‫ دقيق‬daqīq pl. ‫ دقاق‬diqaq, ‫ ادقة‬adiqqa ‫ ادقاع‬iddiqā‘ mass poverty


fine, thin; delicate, frail, fragile; little, ‫ مَدقع‬mudqi‘ miserable, wretched;
small, tiny, puny, minute; subtle; 287 degrading, abasing (poverty)
paltry, petty, trifling, trivial; precise,
‫ دقل‬daqal mast (of a ship); mainmast; (coll.; n.
accurate, exact; painstaking, scrupulous,
un. ‫ )ة‬a brand of dates of good quality
meticulous; inexorable, relentless, strict,
(magr.)
rigorous; delicate (situation), critical,
1
trying, serious, precarious; -- flour, meal ‫ دك‬dakka u (dakk) to make flat, level or even,
│‫ دقيق الحساب‬keeping strict account, strict, to smooth, level, ram, stamp, tamp (‫هـ‬
relentless, inexorable; ‫ دقيق الشعور‬sensitive; earth, the ground, a road); to press down,
‫ دقيق الصنع‬d. aṣ-ṣan‘ finely worked, of weigh down; to beat down; to devastate,
delicate workmanship; ‫ دقيق النظر‬d. an- demolish, destroy, ruin (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to mix,
naẓar clear-sighted, penetrating,
mingle (‫ ه‬s.th.) VII to be crushed; to be corroborate (‫ ب على‬s.th. with); to sell or
leveled put up at auction, auction off (‫ على‬s.th.); to
pamper, coddle, spoil (‫ ه‬s.o.); to fondle,
‫ دك‬dakk pl. ‫ دكوك‬dukūk level ground; --
caress, pet (‫ ه‬a child) IV to make free, take
devastation, demolition, destruction
liberties (‫ على‬with s.o.); to pride o.s. (‫ب‬
‫ دكة‬dakka pl. -āt rubblestone, crushed on), be conceited (‫ ب‬of) V to be
rock; hallast coquettish, flirt, dally (of a woman; ‫على‬
‫ دكة‬dikka pl. ‫ دكك‬dikak bench with s.o.); to be coy, behave affectedly; to
take liberties (‫ على‬with s.o.); to pamper,
‫ دكان‬dukkān pl. ‫ دكاكين‬dakākīn2 bench; coddle (‫ على‬s.o.) X to ask to be shown (‫على‬
store, shop s.th.); to seek information, inform o.s. (‫على‬
‫ دكانجي‬dukkānjī storekeeper, about); to obtain information; to be
shopkeeper, retailer informed (‫ على‬about); to be guided (‫ ب‬by),
act or proceed in accordance with (‫ ;)ب‬to
‫ مَدك‬midakk pl. -āt ramrod; O tamper rammer conclude, gather, infer (‫ على‬s.th., ‫ ب‬or ‫مَن‬
2
‫ دك‬II to provide (‫ هـ‬trousers) with a waist- from), draw conclusions (‫ ب‬or ‫ مَن‬from,
band (dikka or tikka) ‫ على‬with regard to), judge (‫ على‬s.th., ‫ ب‬or
‫ مَن‬by)
‫ دكة‬dikka (= ‫ تكة‬tikka) waistband (in the
upper seam of trousers) ‫ دل‬dall proper, dignified conduct;
coquetry, flirtation
‫ دكتاتورية‬diktātūrīya dictatorship
‫ دلة‬dalla pl. ‫ دلَل‬dilāl pot with long
‫ دكتاتورى‬diktātūrī dictatorial
curved spout and handle used for making
‫ دكتور‬duktūr pl. ‫ كاترة‬dakātira doctor │ ‫دكتور في‬ coffee (among Syrian nomads and in some
‫الحقوق‬doctor of laws, LL.D.; ‫دكتور في الطب‬ parts of Saudi Arabia)
(ṭibb) doctor of medicine, M.D.
‫ دلَل‬dalāl coquetry, coquettishness;
‫ دكتوراة‬duktūrāh doctorate, doctorship, pampering, coddling, spoiling
doctor’s degree, title of doctor │ ‫الدكتور‬
‫ دليل‬dalīl pl. ‫ ادلة‬adilla, ‫ دلَئل‬dalā’l2, ‫ادلَء‬
‫( الفخرية‬fakrīya) honorary doctorate 288
adillā’2 (the latter of persons) indication (
‫ ادكر‬see ‫ذكر‬ ‫ على‬of); sign, token; symptom; proof,
‫( دكريتو‬It. decreto) dikrītō pl. ‫ دكريتات‬decree evidence (‫ على‬of); guide; tourist guide,
cicerone; pilot (of a ship, of an airplane);
1
‫ ادكن‬adkan2, f. ‫ دكناء‬daknā’2 pl. ‫ دكن‬dukn guidebook, guide manual, handbook;
blackish, dark (color) directory, telephone directory; railroad
‫ داكن‬dākin dark, dark-colored │ ‫احضر‬ guide, timetable; guide rail (tech.); roller
‫ داكن‬dark green; ‫ اصفر داكن‬yellowish, of a path (in steel construction) │‫اقام الدليل على‬
dingy yellow, mud-colored to furnish the proof for, demonstrate,
2
prove s.th.; ‫( دليل ظرفي‬ẓarfī) circumstantial
‫ دكان‬see 1‫دك‬ evidence; ‫ دليل قاطع‬cogent proof,
‫ دل‬dalla a (‫ دلَلة‬dalāa) to show, demonstrate, conclusive evidence
point out (‫ على ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to lead, ‫ دلَل‬dallāl auctioneer; broker, jobber,
guide, direct, conduct (‫ الى‬or ‫ على ه‬s.o. to), middleman, agent, commission merchant;
show s.o. (‫ )ه‬the way (‫ الى‬or ‫ على‬to); to hawker
show, indicate, mark (‫ على‬s.th.); to point (
‫ على‬to s.th.), evince, indicate, denote, ‫ دلَلة‬dalāla pl. -āt pointing; guidance;
imply, bespeak, suggest (‫ على‬s.th.), be leading, leadership; indication (‫ على‬of);
indicative, be suggestive (‫ على‬of); to sign, token; sense, meaning
furnish evidence (‫ على‬for s.th.), prove (‫على‬ ‫ دلَلة‬dilāla auction, public sale;
s.th.); -- (1st pers. perf. dalaltu) i (‫دلَل‬ business of a broker or middleman;
dalīl) to be coquettish, flirt, dally (of a brokerage commission; trade of a dealer,
woman; ‫ على‬with s.o.) II to prove (‫على‬ jobber or agent
s.th.), furnish the proof (‫ على‬for), confirm,
‫ دلَلة‬dallāla middlewoman, woman ‫ دلع‬dala‘a a (dal‘) with ‫ لسانه‬lisānahū: to stick
broker out one’s tongue; to loll, let the tongue
hang out II to pamper, spoil (‫ ه‬a child); to
‫ ادل‬adall2 proving more cogently (‫على‬
caress, fondle, pet (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV ‫شيء يدلع نفسه‬
s.th.), more indicative or suggestive (‫على‬
(eg.) a nauseating, disgusting thing VII to
of) │‫( ادل دليل على‬dalīlin) the surest
stick out, be stuck out, hang out, loll
evidence of, the best proof of
(tongue); to dart out, lick out, leap out.
‫ تدليل‬tadlīl reasoning, argumentation, dare up (dame), break out (fire); to be
demonstration; proving (‫ على‬of), pampered, spoiled (child)
furnishing of proof or evidence (‫ على‬for);
‫ دلع‬dal‘: ‫ اسم الدلع‬ism ad-d. pet name
corroboration, substantiation,
confirmation; pampering, oeddling, ‫ دلَع‬dallā‘ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬watermelon
spoiling; fondling, petting, caressing; pet (magr.)
form (of a name) │‫ اسم التدليل‬pet name; ‫تدليل‬ ‫ دلغان‬dilgan clay
‫ مَن‬a pet form of ...
‫ دلف‬dalafa i (dalf, ‫ دلوف‬dulūf, ‫ دلفان‬dalafān) to
‫ تدلل‬tadallul coquetry, coquettishness; walk with short steps. toddle; to go or
pampering, coddling, spoiling 289 walk slowly, saunter, stroll (‫ الى‬to); to
‫ استدلَل‬istidlāl reasoning, argumentation, advance (Jo toward); to approach step by
demonstration; conclusion, inference, step (‫ الى‬s.o. or s.th.); to penetrate, reach (
deduction; proof, evidence (‫ على‬of) ‫ الى‬as far as); to grope (‫ الى‬for, of the
hand); to leak, drip, trickle (water)
‫ دالة‬dālla familiarity, chumminess; liberty (that
one takes with s.o.); audacity. boldness O ‫ دالف‬dālif pl. ‫ دوالف‬dawālif2 ricochet
(mil.)
‫ مَدلول‬madlūl proven; (pl. -āt) meaning,
sense │‫ مَدلولَت الكلمات‬m. al-kalimāt lexical ‫ دلفين‬dulfīn pl. ‫ دلَفين‬dalāfīn2 dolphin
meanings ‫ دلق‬dalaqa u to spill, pour out (‫ هـ‬a liquid) VII
‫ مَدلل‬mudallal pampered, spoiled (child) to be spilled (liquid)
‫ مَدل‬mudill presumptuous, arrogant │‫مَدل‬ ‫ دلك‬dalaka u (dalk) to rub (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stroke (
‫( بنفسه‬bi-nafsihī) conceited, self-important ‫ هـ‬s.th.), pass the hand (‫ هـ‬over s.th.); to
1 knead (‫ العجين‬the dough); -- u (‫ دلوك‬dulūk)
‫ دل‬dulb plane tree, sycamore (bot.)
to set, go down (sun) II to rub (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ه‬
2
‫ دولب‬pl. ‫ دواليب‬look up alphabetically s.o.), embrocate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to knead; to
‫ دلتا‬Nile Delta, Lower Egypt massage (‫ ه‬s.o.)

‫ دلج‬IV to set out at nightfall ‫ دلك‬dalk rubbing; grazing, brushing,


touching, touch
‫ دلوح‬dalūḥ pl. ‫ دلح‬duluḥ moisture-laden cloud
‫ دلوك‬dalūk liniment
‫ دلدل‬daldala to set into a swinging motion,
dangle II tadaldala to hang loosely, ‫ دلوك‬dulūk, ‫ دلوك الشمس‬d. aš-šams sunset
dangle ‫ تدليك‬tadlīk embrocation; massage
‫ دلدل‬duldul and ‫ دلدول‬duldūl porcupine ‫ مَدلكة‬mudallika pl. -āt masseuse
(zool.)
‫ دله‬II to rob s.o. (‫ )ه‬of his senses, drive (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ دلس‬II to swindle, cheat; to counterfeit, forge, crazy (love) V to go out of one’s mind, go
falsify (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to deceive, defraud (‫ه‬ crazy (with love) │‫( تدلهت في حبه‬ḥubbihī)
s.o.), impose (‫ ه‬on) she has fallen in love with him
‫ تدليس‬tadlīs deceit, fraud; swindle ‫ مَدله‬mudallah madly in love 290
‫ تدليسي‬tadlīsī fraudulent ‫ دلهم‬IV idlahamma to be dark, gloomy; to be
‫ مَدلس‬mudallas forged, counterfeit │ ‫نقود‬ deep-black
‫ مَدلسة‬counterfeit money; ‫ مَفاتيح مَدلسة‬forged ‫ دلهم‬dalham dark, gloomy; deep-black
keys
2
‫ ادلهمام‬idlihmām a deep black ‫ دم‬damma u (damm) to coat, smear, besmear (
‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with); to paint, daub, color, dye,
‫ مَدلهم‬mudlahimm dark, gloomy; deep-
tinge, tint (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with) II to rub,
black
embrocate, anoint (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with)
‫ دلو‬II to let hang, dangle (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to hang,
‫ دم‬damm ointment, unguent, salve,
suspend (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to lower (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
liniment, embrocation; paint; pigment,
drop, let down, let fall down (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV =
dye, dyestuff; rouge
II; to cast down (‫ هـ‬glances, ‫ الى‬on s.o.); to
let one’s glance (‫ بانظاره‬bi-anẓārihī) sweep ‫ دمَام‬dimām ointment, unguent, salve,
down; to express, utter, voice (‫ ب‬s.th., liniment, embrocation; paint; pigment,
e.g., ‫ برأيه‬bi-ra’yihī one’s opinion); to dye, dyestuff; rouge
deliver, make (‫ بتصريح‬a statement; pol.); to ‫ دمَيم‬damīm pl. ‫ دمَام‬dimām ugly;
adduce, present, advance, offer (‫ بحجة‬bi- deformed, misshapen │ ‫دمَيم الخلقة‬d. al-
ḥijjatin an argument); to inform, notify, kilqa ugly to look at, of repulsive
advise (‫ ب الى‬s.o. of), let (‫ الى‬s.o.) know (‫ب‬ appearance
about); to offer, present (‫ ب الى‬to s.o.
s.th.); to grant, give (‫ بحديث ل‬an interview ‫ دمَامَي‬damāma ugliness; ugly
to s.o.); to slander, defame: asperse (‫في‬ appearance; abominableness, monstrosity
s.o.) │‫( ادلى دلوه بين الدلَء‬dalwahū, dilā’) or ‫ الدمَام‬ad-dammām Dammam (seaport in
‫ ادلى بدلوه في الدلَء‬to make one’s contribution E Saudi Arabia, on the Persian Gulf)
(together with others), add one’s touch,
put in one’s two bits’ worth V to hang ‫ دمَث‬damuta u (‫ دمَاثة‬damāta) to be gentle, mild
down, be suspended, dangle (‫ ب‬from); to (character) II to soften, mellow (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
be lowered, be let down; to be or become ‫ دمَث‬damit pl. ‫ دمَاث‬dimāt: ‫دمَث الخلق‬
low; to sink, descend │‫ تدلى للسقوط‬to gentle, mild-tempered
threaten to fall down, be ready to fall
‫ دمَاثة‬damāta mildness, gentleness,
‫ دلو‬dalw usually f., pl. ‫ ادل‬adlin, ‫دلَء‬ tenderness (of character)
dilā’, ‫ ادلَء‬adlā’ leather bucket; bucket,
pail; Aquarius (astron.) ‫ دمَج‬damaja u (‫ دومَج‬dumūj to enter (‫ في‬s.th.), go
or come into (‫)في‬, be inserted,
‫ دلَية‬dallāya pendant incorporated (‫ في‬in) II to write shorthand
‫ ادلاء‬idlā’ delivery (of a statement); IV to twist tightly, twine firmly (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
utterance, statement; presentation; to enter, insert, include, incorporate,
granting embody (‫ في هـ‬s.th. in); to 291 introduce,
interpolate, intercalate (‫ في هـ‬s.th. in); to
‫ دالية‬dāliya pl. ‫ دوال‬dawālin waterwheel annex (‫ في‬s.th. to) VII to be inserted, he
(for irrigation); trellis, espalier on which incorporated (‫ في‬in); to be annexed (‫ في‬to);
grapevines are trained; varix, varicose to merge (‫ في‬with), be swallowed up, he
vein absorbed (‫ في‬by); to be fused, fuse,
‫ مَتدل‬mutadallin pendent, suspended, amalgamate
hanging, dangling; projecting, ‫ تدمَيج‬tadmīj shorthand, stenography
overhanging, ready to fall down
‫ ادمَاج‬idmāj insertion, incorporation,
‫ داليا‬look up alphabetically interpolation; inclusion (‫ في‬in);
1
‫ دم‬dam pl. ‫ دمَاء‬dimā’ blood; ‫ دمَاء‬homicide assimilation
cases (jur.) │‫ دم الخوين‬d. al-akawain ‫ اندمَاج‬indimāj incorporation, insertion (
dragon’s blood (a dark-red, resinous ‫ في‬in); amalgamation, merger, merging (‫في‬
substance derived from the dragon tree, with); absorption (‫ في‬by); annexation (‫في‬
Dracaena draco) to); fusion; assimilation
‫ دمَي‬damī blood- (in compounds), ‫ مَدمَج‬mudmaj firm, compact
sanguine
‫ مَندمَج‬mundamij firm, compact, tight
‫ دمَوي‬damawī blood- (in compounds),
sanguine; sanguinary, bloody
‫ دمَجانة‬damajāna (also ‫ )دامَجانة‬pl. -āt demijohn, ‫ مَدمَشق‬mudamšaq damascened,
carboy damasked; (syr.) having adopted a
sophisticated style of living (imitating that
‫ دمَدم‬damdama to mutter, grumble, growl, snarl
of Damascus), urbanized
‫ دمَدم‬damdama pl. -āt growl, snarl;
‫ دمَع‬dama‘a a to water (eye) IV to cause to
rumbling noise, rumble
weep, evoke tears, make (the eyes) water
1
‫ دمَر‬damara u to perish, he ruined, he
‫ دمَع‬dam‘ pl. ‫ دمَوع‬dumū‘ tears
destroyed II to annihilate, destroy, ruin,
demolish, wreck (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to he ‫ دمَعة‬dam‘a (n. un.) tear, teardrop; (eg.)
destroyed, demolished, ruined, wrecked dim‘a gravy
VII to he destroyed, be annihilated ‫ دمَعي‬dam‘ī: ‫( قنبلة دمَعية‬qunbula) teargas
‫ دمَار‬damār ruin, destruction bomb
‫ تدمَير‬tadmīr annihilation, destruction, ‫ دمَعة‬dam‘a and ‫ دمَيع‬damī’ pl. ‫دمَعى‬
demolition dam‘ā, ‫ دمَائع‬damā’i‘2 readily inclined to
weep, frequently weeping, tearful,
‫ اندمَار‬indimār utter defeat, rout,
lachrymose (woman) 292
destruction, annihilation
‫ دمَوع‬damū‘ and ‫ دمَاع‬dammā‘ watering,
‫ مَدمَرة‬mudammira pl. -āt destroyer
(naut.) watery, tearful (eyes)
2 ‫ مَدمَع‬madma‘ pl. ‫ مَدامَع‬madāmi‘
‫دمَور‬dammūr (eg.) a coarse calico-like fabric
lachrymal canal
‫ دمَوري‬dammūrī (eg.) made of dammūr 1
‫ دمَغ‬damaga a to refute, invalidate (‫ هـ‬a
(see above)
falsehood, an error, a false accusation); to
3
‫ دمَيرة‬damīra (eg.) flood season of the Nile triumph (‫ هـ‬over falsehood; said of truth)
4
□ ‫لَ دومَرى‬lā dūmarī (= ‫ )لَ تدمَري‬nobody, no ‫ دمَاغ‬dimāg pl. ‫ ادمَغة‬admiga brain
one, not a living soul
‫ دامَغة‬dāmiga cogent argument; ‫شهادة‬
5
‫ تدمَر‬tadmur2, usually pronounced tudmur, ‫( دامَغة‬šahāda) irrefutable testimony
Palmyra (ancient city in Syria, now a 2
‫ دمَغ‬damaga u (damg) to stamp, provide or
small village)
mark with a stamp (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to hallmark (
‫ تدمَري‬tadmurī, usually pronounced tudmurī, ‫ هـ‬gold and silver articles); to brand (‫ هـ‬an
someone, somebody; ‫ لَ تدمَري‬nobody, no animal)
one, not a living soul
‫ دمَغ‬damg stamping │‫ دمَغ المصوغات‬d.
‫ دمَس‬damasa u to hide, conceal, disguise (‫هـ‬ al-maṣūgāt hallmarking of gold and silver
s.th.); to bury (‫ ه في الرض‬s.o. in the articles
ground) II do.
‫ دمَغة‬damga stamp; hallmark (on gold
‫ دمَس‬dims (eg.) cinders, ashes and silver articles) │‫ ورق دمَغة‬waraq d.
‫ دمَاسة‬damāsa darkness stamped paper

‫ ادمَاس‬admās (pl.) hovels, shanties, huts ‫ مَدمَوغ‬madmūg stamped, bearing a stamp

‫ دمَوس‬dammūs pl. ‫ دمَامَيس‬damāmīs2 ‫ دمَقراطي‬dimuqrāṭī democratic; democrat


cave, cavern ‫ دمَقراطية‬dimuqrāṭīya democracy;
‫ ديماس‬daimās, dīmās, ‫ ديموس‬daimūs pl. democratic attitude or conviction
‫ ديامَيس‬dayāmīs2 dungeon; vault ‫ دمَقس‬dimaqs raw silk
‫ دامَس‬dāmis pitch-dark; dark, gloomy, ‫ دمَقسي‬dimaqsī silken, silky
dusky
‫ مَدمَوك‬madmūk and ‫ مَدمَك‬mudmak firm, tight,
‫ فول مَدمَس‬fūl mudammas stewed beans taut
‫ دمَشق‬dimašq2, dimišq2 Damascus (capital of ‫ دمَل‬damala u (daml, ‫ دمَلن‬damalān) to
Syria) fertilize, manure, dung (‫ هـ‬the soil); --
damila a (damal) to heal, heal up, scar ‫ دنأ‬dana’a a and ‫ دنؤ‬danu’a u (‫ دنوءة‬dunū’a, ‫دناء‬
over, cicatrize (wound) VII to heal, heal ‫ ة‬danā’a) to be low, mean, base, vile,
up, scar overt cicatrize (wound); to fester, contemptible, despicable
suppurate (sore) ‫ دنيء‬danī’ pl. ‫ ادنياء‬adniyā’2, ‫ ادناء‬adnā’
‫ دمَل‬dummal (n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ دمَامَل‬damāmil low, base, mean, vile, despicable,
2
, ‫ دمَامَيل‬damāmīl2 abscess, boil, sore, contemptible; inferior, second-rate, of
tumor, ulcer; furuncle; bubo, plague boil; poor quality
inveterate evil ‫ ادنأ‬adna’2 lower, viler, meaner; more
‫ طاعون دمَلي‬ṭā‘ūn dummalī bubonic inferior, of poorer quality
plague ‫ دناءة‬danā’a lowness, baseness,
‫ دمَلج‬dumluj pl. ‫ دمَالج‬damālij2, bracelet, bangle meanness, vileness; inferiority
1
‫ دمَن‬damana u (damn) to fertilize, manure, ‫ دنتلة‬,‫( دنتل‬Fr. dentelle) dantilla lace, lacework
dung (‫ هـ‬the soil) IV to give o.s. up, devote ‫ دنجل‬dinjil (eg.) pl. ‫ دناجل‬danājil2 axle, axle-tree
o.s., apply o.s. (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬to), go in for (‫على‬
or ‫ ;)هـ‬to be addicted (‫ على‬e.g., to liquor) ‫( دندرمَه‬Turk. dondurma) dandurma ice cream
‫ دمَن‬dimn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ دمَن‬diman ‫ دنادشة‬danādiša common people, people of no
fertilizer, manure, dung consequence
‫ دمَنة‬dimna pl. ‫ دمَن‬diman vestiges or ‫ دندن‬dandana to buzz, hum; to drone; to hum
remnants of a dwelling, ruins softly, croon (a song); to murmur
‫ دمَان‬damān fertilizer, manure, dung ‫ دندي‬dindī (eg.) turkey
‫ ادمَان‬idmān addiction; excess; mania; ‫ دينار‬pl. ‫ دنانير‬look up alphabetically
dipsomania │‫ ادمَان المسكرات‬i. al-muskirāt ‫ دنس‬danisa a (danas) to be soiled, sullied,
alcoholism defiled, polluted II to stain, soil, dirty,
‫ مَدمَن‬mudmin addicted, given up (‫على‬ befoul, sully, pollute, contaminate (‫هـ‬
e.g., to wine); an addict (‫ على‬of) s.th.); to dishonor, disgrace (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
2 desecrate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V pass. of II
‫ دمَان‬dumān see ‫دومَان‬
‫ دنس‬danas pl. ‫ ادناس‬adnās uncleanness,
‫ دمَنهور‬damanhūr2 Damanhur (city in N Egypt) dirt, filth, squalor; stain, blemish, fault
‫ دمَوي‬see 1‫دم‬ ‫ دنس‬danis pl. ‫ ادناس‬adnās, ‫ دنساء‬dunasā’2
1
‫ دمَى‬damiya a to bleed II and IV to cause to unclean, soiled, sullied, foul, polluted,
bleed defiled, stained
‫ دام‬dāmin bleeding, bloody, gory ‫ تدنيس‬tadnīs pollution, defilement,
soiling, sullying, contamination;
‫ مَدمَى‬mudamman, f. ‫ مَدمَاة‬bloody; blood-
dishonoring, disgracing; desecration,
red
profanation
2
‫ دمَية‬dumya pl. ‫ دمَى‬duman statue, statuette;
‫ دنف‬danifa a (danaf) to be seriously ill IV do.
image, effigy; dummy; doll
‫ دنف‬danif pl. ‫ ادناف‬adnāf seriouly ill
‫ دمَياط‬dimyāṭ2 Damietta (city in N Egypt)
‫ دنف‬danaf long illness; O cachexia,
‫ دن‬danna u (dann, ‫ دنين‬danīn) to buzz, hum
marasmus (med.)
(insect); to drone
‫ مَدنف‬mudnif, mudnaf emaciated,
‫ دن‬dann and ‫ دنين‬danīn buzz(ing),
haggard, weak
hum(ming), droning, drone
‫ دانق‬look up alphabetically
‫ دن‬dann pl. ‫ دنان‬dinān earthen wine jug
293 ‫ دنقلة‬dunqula Dongola (town in N Sudan, on
the Nile)
‫دنكل = دنجل‬
‫ دنمرك‬danmark2 Denmark closer; situated lower down, nether; lower,
inferior; lowlier; smaller, of less
(‫ دنو‬and ‫ دنا )دنى‬danū u (‫ دنو‬dunūw, ‫دناوة‬
significance; more appropriate, better
danāwa) to be near, be close; to come or
suited, more suitable │‫( الشرق الدنى‬šarq)
go near s.o. or s.th. (‫ مَن‬or ‫ الى‬or ‫)ل‬,
the Near East; ‫( المغرب الدنى‬magrib)
approach (‫ ل‬,‫ الى‬,‫ مَن‬s.o., s.th.); to come
Algeria; ‫( ادنى مَن حبل الوريد‬ḥabli al-warīd)
close, get close (‫ ل‬,‫ الى‬,‫ مَن‬to), approximate
very near or close, imminent; ‫القارب الدنون‬
(‫ ل‬,‫ الى‬,‫ مَن‬s.th.); to draw near, be imminent
the closest relatives; ‫مَن ادناه الى اقصاه‬
(time, event); ‫ دنا به مَن‬to bring s.o. close
(aqṣāhū) from one end to the other;
to ...; -- ‫ دني‬daniya a (‫ دنا‬danan, ‫دناية‬
wholly, entirely, completely, altogether;
danaya) to be low, lowly; to be or become
‫( الحد الدنى‬ḥadd) the minimum; ‫ادناه‬
mean, base, vile, despicable, contemptible
hereinafter, below (in writings,
II to bring close (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ مَن‬to),
documents, etc.) e.g., ‫الموقعون ادناه‬
bring, take or move (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.) near (
(muwaqqi‘ūn) those signed below, the
‫)مَن‬, approximate (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ مَن‬to); to apply
undersigned; ‫( لَ ادنى‬with foll. genit.) not
o.s. (‫ في‬to s.th.), busy o.s. (‫ في‬with s.th.),
the least, not a single, not one
delve (‫ في‬into); ‫( دنى نفسه‬nafsahū) to lower
o.s., abase o.s., humble o.s. III to approach ‫ دنيا‬dunyā (f. of ‫ ادنى‬adnā) world; earth;
(‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.), come or get near s.o. or this world (as opposed to ‫ ;)آخرة‬life in this
s.th. (‫ هـ‬,‫)ه‬, come or get close (‫ ه هـ‬to); to world. worldly existence; worldly.
approximate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to measure up (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ temporal things or possessions; earthly
to) │‫( شيء لَ يدانى‬yudānā) an unequaled things or concerns │‫ الحياة الدنيا‬life in this
thing IV to be near, be close; to approach ( world; ‫ ام الدنيا‬umm ad-d. Cairo; ‫اقام الدنيا‬
‫ مَن‬or ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬s.o. or s.th.), come, go or ‫ واقعدها‬aqāma d-d. wa-aq‘adahā approx.:
draw near s.o. or s.th. (‫ ل‬,‫ الى‬,‫)مَن‬, come to kick up a dust, make a stir, move
close, get close (‫ ل‬,‫ الى‬,‫ مَن‬to); to bring heaven and earth
close (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ مَن‬to), bring, take or ‫ دنيوي‬dunyawī, ‫ دنياوي‬dunyāwī worldly,
move (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.) near (‫)مَن‬, mundane, secular; earthly, temporal,
approximate (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ مَن‬to); to lower, drop transitory, transient
(‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., the veil) V to approach
gradually (‫ الى‬s.th. or s.o.); to be debased, ‫ دناوة‬danāwa nearness, closeness,
sink low, sink, decline; to lower o.s., abase proximity, propinquity; lowness,
o.s., humble o.s. VI to come near each lowliness; meanness, baseness, vileness
other, get close to each other, approach ‫ دناية‬danāya lowness, lowliness;
one another; to 294 be close together; to meanness, baseness, vileness
approach, approximate (‫ مَن‬s.th.) VIII ‫ادنى‬
iddanā to be near, be close, come or draw ‫ تدن‬tadannin sinking, decline; low
near, approach X to wish to be nearer or level, nadir (fig.) │‫( التدني الخلقي‬aklāqī)
closer, try to come nearer or closer; to the low level of morality, the moral
seek to fetch or bring closer (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ الى‬to, decline
to o.s.), reach out (‫ هـ‬for s.th.), wish (‫اليه ه‬ ‫ دان‬dānin low; near, close
for s.th.)
‫ مَتدان‬mutadānin close together
‫ دنو‬dunūw advent, approach; proximity,
nearness, imminence (of an event) ‫ دهر‬dahr pl. ‫ دهور‬duhūr, ‫ ادهر‬adhur time; long
time, age, epoch; lifetime; eternity; fate,
‫ دنى‬danīy pl. ‫ ادنياء‬adniyā’ near, close; destiny │‫ بنات الدهر‬banāt ad-d. blows of
low, lowly; mean, base, vile, despicable, fate, trials, afflictions, misfortune; ‫تصاريف‬
contemptible, inferior, infamous, depraved ‫ الدهر‬and ‫ صروف الدهر‬vicissitudes of fate.
‫ دنية‬danīy pl. -āt, ‫ دنايا‬danāyā a base changes of fortune; adversities, adverse
quality or habit; s.th. disgraceful, infamy, circumstances; ‫ دهر الداهرين‬dahra d-
vile action dāhirīn for all eternity, foever and ever; ‫الى‬
‫ أخر الدهر‬ilā ākir d-d. do.; ‫ الدهر كله‬... َ‫( ل‬ad-
‫ ادنى‬adnā, f. ‫ دنيا‬dunyā pl. m. ‫ادان‬ dahra kullahū) never in all one’s life
adānin, ‫ ادنون‬adnūn pl. f. ‫ دنى‬dunan nearer,
‫ دهري‬dahrī an adherent of the dahrīya, ‫ دهليز‬dihlīz pl. ‫ دهاليز‬dahālīz 2 anteroom,
a materialistic, atheistic doctrine in Islam; vestibule, lobby, foyer; corridor, hall-way
atheist, freethinker │‫ ابن الدهليز‬ibn ad-d. pl. ‫ابناء الدهاليز‬
foundling
‫ دهري‬duhrī very old, far advanced in
years ‫ دهلي‬dihlī Delhi
‫ دهس‬dahasa a (= ‫ )داس‬to trample underfoot, ‫ دهم‬dahama a (dahm) and dahima a (daham)
trample down, crush (‫ هـ‬s.th.), tread (‫ هـ‬on to come or descend (‫ ه‬upon s.o.) suddenly;
s.th.); to run over (‫ ه‬s.o.) to surprise, take unawares, take by
surprise (‫ ه‬s.o.), come unexpectedly (‫ ه‬to
‫ دهش‬dahiša a and pass. duhiša to be
s.o.); to enter suddenly, raid, invade (‫هـ‬
astonished, amazed, surprised (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ل‬at);
s.th.) II to blacken (‫ ه‬s.th.) III to befall,
to wonder, marvel (‫ مَن‬at); to be baffled,
seize, grip, attack (‫ ه‬s.o.), come over s.o. (
startled, puzzled, perplexed, taken aback (
‫ ;ه‬e.g., sickness, despair); to surprise, take
‫ مَن‬or ‫ ل‬by) II and IV to astonish, amaze,
unawares, catch red-handed (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
surprise, baffle, puzzle, perplex, startle (‫ه‬
attack suddenly (‫ ه‬s.o.), fall upon s.o. (‫)ه‬,
s.o.) VII = dahiša 295 ‫ دهش‬dahaš
invade, raid (‫ ه‬e.g., a house); to overtake (‫ه‬
perplexity, surprise, consternation, alarm,
s.o.; fate), catch up with (‫ )ه‬IX to be black
dismay
‫ دهمة‬duhma blackness
‫ دهش‬dahiš astonished, amazed,
surprised; baffled, puzzled, nonplused, ‫ ادهم‬adham2, f. ‫ دهماء‬dahmā’ 2, pl. ‫دهم‬
perplexed, startled, disconcerted, alarmed, duhm black, deep-black │‫داهية دهماء‬
upset; dazed, stunned (dahiya) disaster, catastrophe
‫ دهشة‬dahša astonishment, amazement, ‫ الدهماء‬ad-dahmā’ 2 the masses, the
surprise, wonder; perplexity, common people, the populace, also ‫دهماء‬
consternation, bafflement, bewilderment, ‫الناس‬
dismay, alarm ‫ مَداهمة‬mudāhama police raid; house
‫ اندهاش‬indihāš astonishment, search
amazement; perplexity, consternation, ‫ مَدهم‬mudhamm very dark, pitch-dark
bafflement, bewilderment
‫ دهن‬dahana u (dahn) to oil (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o., ‫ب‬
‫ مَدهش‬mudhiš astonishing, amazing, with); to anoint (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o., ‫ ب‬with); to
surprising, marvelous; pl. -āt amazing grease, smear (‫ هـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th., s.o., ‫ ب‬with); to
things, marvels, wonders rub, embrocate (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o., ‫ ب‬with); to
‫ مَدهوش‬madhūš and ‫ مَندهش‬mundahiš paint, daub (‫ ه‬s.th.); to varnish (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II
astonished, amazed, surprised; perplexed, do. III to treat with gentleness (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
baffled, puzzled, nonplused, startled; cajole, flatter (‫ ه‬s.o.), fawn (‫ ه‬on s.o.); to
overwhelmed cheat, dupe, gull, take in, outsmart (‫ ه‬s.o.)
1 V pass. of I
‫ دهق‬dahaq stocks (to hold the feet of an
offender by way of punishment) ‫ دهن‬dahn oiling, greasing; painting,
daubing
‫ دهاق‬diḥāq full (cup), brimful
2 ‫ دهن‬duhn pl. ‫ ادهان‬adhān, ‫ دهون‬duhūn,
‫دهقان‬dihqān, pl. ‫ دهاقنة‬dahāqina, ‫دهاقين‬
-āt, ‫ دهان‬dihān oil (edible, lubricating, for
dahāqīn2 man of importance, one who
the skin); fat, grease
plays an important role, leading
personality; grandee (in ancient Persia) │ ‫ دهن‬duhnī oily, oil, oleic, oleo- (in
‫ دهاقين السياسة‬d. as-siyāsa the political compounds); fatty, greasy
leaders ‫ دهنيات‬duhnīyāt fats, oils; fatty
‫ دهك‬dahaka a (dahk) to crush; to mash (‫هـ‬ substances
s.th.) ‫ دهناء‬dahnā’ desert
‫ دهلز‬II tadahlaza to stroll about, walk about (in ‫ دهان‬dahhān house painter, painter
a hall)
‫ دهينة‬dahīna pomade 296 ‫ دواء‬see ‫دوى‬
‫ دهان‬dihān pl. -āt, ‫ ادهنة‬adhina cosmetic ‫ دوب‬II to wear out, wear off (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
cream, cold cream, salve, ointment, ‫ دوبرة‬dūbara packthread, string, twine, cord,
unguent; consecrated oil, anointing oil; rope; thread
paint, varnish; hypocrisy, dissimulation,
deceit; -- (without pl.) painting, daubing; ‫ دوبيت‬dūbait a rhymed poem consisting of four
whitewashing │ ‫( ورشة للدهان‬warša) hemistichs
paintshop ‫ دوح‬VII to spread
‫ مَداهنة‬mudāhana flattery, adulation, ‫ دوح‬dauḥ branching trees, branches
sycophancy, fawning; hypocrisy,
dissimulation; deceit, trickery ‫ دوحة‬dauḥa tall tree with many
branches; family tree, genealogical table
‫ مَداهن‬mudāhin flatterer, adulator,
sycophant; hypocrite ‫ داحة‬dāḥa top (child’s toy)
‫ مَدهن‬mudhin oily; fatty, greasy (‫ داخ )دوخ‬dāka u (dauk) to conquer, subjugate (
‫ الى‬a. country); to resign o.s., humble o.s.;
‫ دهور‬dahwara to hurl down (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tear to be or become dizzy, have a feeling of
down, topple, overthrow (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II dizziness; to feel ill, be sick, feel nausea II
tadahwara pass. of I; to fall, tumble; to to conquer, subjugate (‫ هـ‬a people); to
slump, sink; to be dragged down, sink to make submissive, subdue, humble,
the lowest level humiliate, degrade (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ تدهور‬tadahwur fall, downfall; decline, dizzy; to molest, bother, trouble (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
slump daze, stun (‫ ه‬s.o.) │‫( دوخ رأسه‬ra’sahū) to
make s.o.’s head go round, make s.o.
‫ دهي‬dahiya a (‫ دهاء‬dahā’) to be clever, smart, dizzy
cunning, artful, wily; -- dahā a to befall,
overtake, hit, strike (‫ ه‬s.o.), come over s.o. ‫ دوخة‬dauka vertigo, dizziness; coma;
(‫ ;ه‬misfortune) II = dahā VI to pretend to nausea
be smart or cunning ‫ دائخ‬dā’ik dizzy
‫ دهاء‬dahā’ smartness, slyness, ‫ تدويخ‬tadwīk subjugation, conquest
shrewdness, subtlety, cunning, craft 1
‫ دود‬II to be or become worm-eaten
‫ ادهى‬adhā smarter, shrewder; craftier,
wilier; more skillful, subtler, more ‫ دود‬dūd (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ديدان‬dīdān
resourceful; worse, more calamitous worm; maggot; larva; caterpillar │ ‫دودة‬
‫ الحرير‬and ‫ دود القز‬d. al-qazz silkworm; ‫دود‬
‫ داه‬dāhin pl. ‫ دهاة‬duhāh smart, sly, ‫ القرع‬d. al-qar‘, ‫( دود قرعي‬qar‘ī) ascarids;
shrewd, subtle, cunning, wily, artful; ‫ دود القرمَز‬d. al-qirmiz cochineal; ‫دود المش‬
resourceful person 297 d. al-mišš cheese maggots; ‫الدودة الوحيدة‬
‫ داهية‬dāhiya smart fellow, old fox, sly tapeworm
dog ‫ دودي‬dūdī wormlike, worm-shaped,
‫ داهية‬dāhiya pl. ‫ دواه‬dawāhin calamity, vermiform.
disaster, catastrophe │‫( داهية دهياء‬dahyā’) ‫ مَدود‬madūd, mudawwid wormy, worm-
and ‫( داهية دهماء‬dahmā’) disaster, eaten
catastrophe; ‫( فليذهب في داهية‬fal-yadhab) let 2
him go to hell! □ ‫ مَدود‬midwad = ‫مَذود‬
(‫ داء )دوء‬dā’ pl. ‫ ادواء‬adwā’ disease, malady │ (‫ دار )دور‬dāra u (daur, ‫ دوران‬dawarān)to turn,
‫ داء الثعلب‬d. at-ta‘lab alopecia, loss of the revolve, rotate, move in a circle ( ,‫على‬
hair; O ‫ داء الرقص‬d. ar-raqṣ St. Vitus’s ‫ حول‬,‫ ب‬around s.th. or s.o.), circle (,‫على‬
dance; O ‫ داء الفيل‬d. al-fīl elephantiasis; ‫داء‬ ‫ حول‬,‫ ب‬s.th. or s.o.); to begin to turn or
‫ المنطقة‬d. al-minṭaqa shingles, herpes rotate; to circulate; to go round, spread,
zoster (med.) be current, make the rounds (of
rumors, etc.); to run, be in operation
(of a machine or engine); to start ensnare, inveigle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to try to
running, start up (engine); to walk or ensnare (‫ ه‬s.o.); to try to deceive (‫ه‬
go about, run around; to roam, rove, s.o.); to cheat, trick (‫ على‬or ‫ عن ه‬s.o. out
move about, wander about, gad about; of s.th.); to get away, escape, dodge,
to make the rounds (‫ على‬among duck out IV to turn, revolve, rotate,
people), turn successively (‫ على‬to spin, whirl (‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.); to turn around,
several people); to turn, turn one’s turn (‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ رأسه الى‬one’s head
face, wheel around; to veer, shift, toward); to direct (‫ على‬or ‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to,
change its direction; to change, take a toward), aim (‫ على‬or ‫ الى هـ‬s.th. at); to
different turn, become different; to turn circulate, pass around (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to set
(‫ على‬against s.o.); to have to do, deal ( in operation, set going, set in motion (
‫ حول‬or ‫ على‬with), treat (‫ حول‬or ‫ على‬of), ‫ هـ‬a machine, an apparatus); to start,
refer (‫ حول‬or ‫ على‬to), bear (‫ حول‬or ‫على‬ start up (‫ المحرك‬al-muḥarrik the
on), concern (‫ حول‬or ‫ على‬s.th.); to take motor); to play, play back (‫ هـ‬e.g.,
place, be going on, be in progress, be ‫ شرائط ناطقة‬tapes); to act upon s.th. (‫)هـ‬,
under way; to be discussed, be talked drive (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to get under way (‫ هـ‬a
about (‫ بين‬among); to circulate, pass job, a project); to take up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
around (‫ ب‬s.th.); to lead, guide or initiate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to divert, turn away (
&how around (‫ ب‬s.o.); to let roam, let ‫ ه‬,‫ عن هـ‬s.o., s.th. from); to direct,
wander (‫ بعينه‬,‫ بنظره‬bi-naẓarihī, conduct, steer, manage, head, run (‫هـ‬
bi-‘ainaihi one’s eyes, one’s glance, ‫في‬ s.th.), be in charge (‫ هـ‬of); to revolve in
over) │‫ در‬dur! about face! (command; one’s mind, think over, ponder (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
mil.); ‫( دار رأسه‬ra’suhū) to be or ‫ ان‬that) │‫( ادار بوجهه الى‬bi-wajhihī) to
become dizzy, giddy; ‫دار مَع الفرص‬ turn around to s.o., look back at s.o.;
(furaṣ) to trim sail, adapt o.s. to the ‫( ادار رأسه‬ra’sahū) to turn s.o.’s head,
situation; ‫( دارت رحى الحرب‬raḥā l-ḥarb) persuade s.o., bring s.o. round; ‫ادار‬
war broke out; ‫المعارك التي دارت رحالها‬ ‫ الحديث في الموضوع‬to bring 298
‫ امَس‬the battles that raged yesterday; ‫دار‬ conversation around to a topic, broach
‫( بنفسه‬bi-nafsihī) it passed through his or discuss a subject V to be or become
mind; ‫( دار على اللسن‬alsun) to be much- round; to be circular X do.; to circle,
discussed, be on everyone’s lips; ‫دار‬ rotate, revolve, spin, turn; to turn (‫الى‬
‫( على الفواه واسلت القلم‬afwāh, asalāt to), face (‫ الى‬s.o.); to turn around; to
al-aqlāmi to be current in both the turn one’s head, look back; to circle (
spoken and written language, be in ‫ حول‬s.th.), walk around s.th. (~‫)حول‬
general use, be generally accepted ‫ دار‬dār f., pl. ‫ دور‬dūr, ‫ ديار‬diyār, ‫ديارات‬
(e.g., words); ‫دار بلدا واكل اعيادا‬ diyārāt, ‫ ديرة‬diyara house; building,
(bilādan, a‘yādan) he had bean around structure, edifice; habitation, dwelling,
in the world and had seen a lot; abode; residence, home; seat, side,
(colloq.) ‫( دار باله‬bālahū) to pay locality; area, region; land, country (esp.
attention (‫ على‬,‫ الى‬to), be careful ( ,‫الى‬ pl. ‫ ديار‬see below │‫ دار الثار‬museum (of
‫ على‬with); ‫ دارت عليهم الدائرة‬calamity antiquities); ‫ دار البريد‬post office; ‫ دار البقاء‬d.
overtook them II to turn in a circle, al-baqā’ the eternal abode, the hereafter; ‫ال‬
spin, whirl, rotate, revolve (‫ هـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th.); ‫( دار الباقية‬bāqiya) do.; ‫ انتقل للدار الباقية‬to pass
to turn, turn around (‫ هـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th.); to away, die; ‫( ال دار البيضاء‬baiḍā’)
invert, reverse (‫ هـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th.); to make Casablanca (seaport in W Morocco); the
round, to round (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to circulate, White House (in Washington); ‫دار التجارة‬
pass around (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to set going, set commercial house, business house; ‫دار‬
in motion, start (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to wind (‫ هـ‬a ‫ الحرب‬d. al-ḥarb war zone, enemy territory
watch, a clock); to look, search (‫على‬ (Isl. Law: non-Muslim countries); ‫دار‬
for s.th.) │‫( دور رأسه‬ra’sahū) to turn ‫ الرياسة‬seat of the chief executive of a
s.o.’s head, persuade s.o., bring s.o. country; ‫ دار السعادة‬d. as-sa‘āda
round III to go or walk around (‫ ه‬with Constantinople; ‫ دار السلطنة‬d. as-salṭana
s.o.); to try to bring (‫ ه‬s.o.) round; to Constantinople (designation before World
War I); ‫ دار السلم‬d. as-salām paradise, session (of parliament); course (of
heaven; epithet of Baghdad; Dar es instruction) (ir., syr.) │‫الدورة الدمَوية‬
Salaam (seaport and capital of Tanganyika (damawīya) blood circulation; ‫الدورة الجوية‬
Territory); ‫ دور السينما‬cinemas, movie (jawwīya) air circulation; (‫دورة اجتياز )تجاوز‬
houses; ‫ دار السلطة‬d. aš-šurṭa police station; ‫ الرتبة‬d. ijtiyāz (tajāwuz) ar-rutba officers’
‫ دار الصنعة‬or ‫ دار الصناعة‬arsenal; ‫دار صيني‬ training course (mil., Syr.); ‫دورة زراعية‬
(ṣīnī) cinnamon; ‫ دار الضرب‬d. aḍ-ḍarb and (zirā‘īya) crop rotation; ‫دورة تشريعية‬
‫ دار السكة‬d. as-sikka mint (building); ‫الديار‬ (tašrī‘īya) legislative period; ‫ دورة الفلك‬d.
‫‘( العراقية‬irāqīya) Iraq; ‫ دار العلوم‬name of a al-falak revolution of celestial bodies; ‫دورة‬
college in Cairo; ‫ دار الفناء‬d. al-fanā’ (as ‫( التفافية‬iltifāfīya) flanking maneuver (mil.);
opposed to ‫ دار البقاء‬see above) the ‫( دورة مَالية‬mālīya) 299 financial period,
temporal world, this world; ‫ دار القضاء‬d. al- fiscal year; ‫ دورة المياه‬d. al-miyāh lavatory
qaḍā’ court of justice, tribunal; ‫ دار الكتب‬d. (with running water), toilet, water closet
al-kutub public library; ‫ دور اللهو‬d. al-lahw ‫ دوري‬daurī patrolling, patrol- (in
amusement centers; night clubs; ‫دار التمثيل‬ compounds); periodic, occurring at
theater, playhouse; ‫ دار الملك‬d. al-mulk regular stated times, recurring,
(royal) residence; ‫( الديار المصرية‬miṣrīya) intermittent; circulatory, cyclic, etc., see
Egypt; ‫ دار الهجرة‬d. al-hijra Medina; ‫دار‬ ‫ دور‬and ‫ دورة‬series (athlet.) ‫الجهاز الدوري‬
‫ اليتام‬d. al-aitām orphanage, orphans’ (jahāz) the circulatory system
home
‫ دورية‬daurīya pl. -āt patrol, round;
‫ دارة‬dāra pl. -āt halo (of the moon); patrol, reconnaissance squad │ ‫دوريات‬
circle; O (el.) circuit; O villa ‫ الَستكشاف‬reconnaissance squads, patrols
‫ دارى‬dārī domestic, native □ ‫ داورية‬dāwirīya = ‫ دورية‬daurīya
‫ دورى‬dūrī domestic (animal); ‫عصفور‬ ‫ دير‬dair pl. ‫ اديار‬adyār, ‫ اديرة‬adyira, ‫ديورة‬
‫‘( دوري‬uṣfūr) and ‫ دوري‬house sparrow duyūra monastery, convent, cloister
‫ دور‬daur pl. ‫ ادوار‬adwār round (of a ‫ ديري‬dairī monastic, ministerial,
patrol; in sports); role, part (played by s.o. cloistral
or s.th.); film role, stage role; periodic
change, rotation, alternation; crop ‫ ديرة‬dīra region, area, land, homeland
rotation; period; (one’s) turn; phase, stage, (bedouin)
step, degree, station; epoch, age. era; fit, ‫ دوار‬duwār, dawār vertigo, dizziness,
attack, paroxysm (of a disease); floor, giddiness; seasickness
story; musical composition; number,
single performance (within a program) │ ‫ دوار‬dawwār rapidly or constantly
‫( دور وتسلسل‬wa-tasalsul) vicious circle, turning, whirling, spinning, rotating,
circulus vitiosus; ‫( دور نهائي‬nihā’ī) final circling, circulating; revolving, rotary,
round, finals (athlet.); ‫ دور الَنعقاد‬d. al- rotatory; whirlpool, eddy, vortex;
in‘iqād session, term (parl.); ‫الدور الول‬ itinerant, ambulant, roving; (eg.) farm
(awwal) or ‫ دور البطولة‬d. al-buṭūla leading building, farm │‫ باب دوار‬revolving door;
role, starring role; ‫ قام بدور‬or ‫لعب دورا‬ ‫ بائع دوار‬peddler, hawker; ‫جهاز حفر دوار‬
(la‘iba) to play a part or role; ‫دور ارضي‬ (jahāz ḥafr) rotary drilling rig; ‫ دار الشمس‬d.
(arḍī) ground floor, first floor; ‫ كان دوره‬it aš-šams sunflower
was his turn; ‫ الدور له‬it is his turn; (‫بدور )انا‬ ‫ ديار‬dayyār monastic, friar, monk
‫ ي‬I for one; (I) for my part, (‫ بدوره )هو‬he in
turn, (he) for his part; ‫ بالدور‬alternately, by ‫ ديرانى‬dairānī monastic, friar, monk
turns ‫ دوارة‬dawwāra whirlpool, eddy, vortex;
‫ دورة‬daura pl. -āt turn, revolution, compass, pair of dividers (syr.) │O ‫دوارة‬
gyration, rotation; circulation; cycle; ‫ الهواء‬d. al-hawā’ weather vane
circuit; round, patrol; procession (Chr.); ‫ دياري‬diyārī domestic; native
round trip; tour (in general, of an artist or
performer); detour; period (O also el.);
‫ دوران‬dawarān turn(ing), rotation, 300 under way j working, in operation;
revolution, gyration; circulation, circling, running (machine, engine); round
circuiting; round trip, tour ‫ دائرة‬dā’ira pl. ‫ دوائر‬dawā’ir2 circle (also
2
‫ ادور‬adwar (elative): ‫ادور على اللسن‬ math.); ring; circumference, perimeter,
(alsun) more talked about, more periphery; sphere, scope, range, compass,
frequently expressed or discussed extent, circuit; field, domain (fig.); official
agency, department (esp. Ir., Syr., Leb.);
‫ مَدار‬madār pl. -āt orbit; circling,
office, bureau; department of a court of
circuiting, circuit, revolution; axis; pivot;
justice (Eg., Tun.); farm, country estate
(fig.) that upon which s.th. turns or
(eg.); misfortune, calamity, affliction │ ‫في‬
depends, the central, cardinal, or crucial
‫ دائرة‬... within the framework of ...; ‫على شكل‬
factor, the pivot; center; subject, topic,
‫‘ نصف دائرة‬alā šakli niṣfi d. semicircular;
theme (of a conversation, of negotiations);
‫ نقطة الدائرة‬nuqṭat ad-d. essential factor,
scope, range, extent, sphere; tropic
pivot, crucial point, crux; O ‫دائرة كهربائية‬
(geogr.); O steering wheel │‫مَدار السرطان‬
(kahrabā’īya) electric circuit; O ‫دائرة قصيرة‬
m. as-saraṭān Tropic of Cancer, ‫مَدار الجدي‬
short circuit (el.); ‫دائرة المعارف‬
m. al-jady Tropic of Capricorn; ‫كان مَداره‬
encyclopedia; ‫ دوائر الحكومَة‬government
‫ على‬it (i.e., the dispute, or the like) was
circles, (‫ العسكرية‬،‫الدوائر الرسمية )السياسية‬
about ..., it hinged on ...; ‫( على مَدار السنة‬m.
(rasmīya, siyāsīya, ‘askarīya) official
is-sana) throughout the year, all year
(political, military) circles or quarters
round
(journ.); ‫ دائرة الَختصاص‬jurisdiction (of an
‫ تدوير‬tadwīr recitation of the Koran at official agency, esp., of a court of justice);
medium speed (between tartīl and ḥadr; a ‫( الدائرة السنية‬sanīya) civil list; ‫دائرة استئنافية‬
technical term of tajwīd) (isti’nāfīya) appellate court (Eg.; jur.);
‫ مَداورة‬mudāwara pl. -āt cheating, ‫( دائرة انتخابية‬intikābīya) electoral district;
humbug, trickery; outwitting; attempted ‫ دارت عليه الدوائر‬to suffer adversities
evasion or circumvention, shift, dodge; ‫ دائري‬dā’irī circular, ring-shaped,
persuasion, inveigling, ensnaring annular
‫ ادارة‬idāra turning; turning around or ‫ مَدور‬mudawwar round, circular
over, reverting, reversion, inversion;
‫ مَدير‬mudīr head, chief, director;
starting, setting in operation; operation;
administrator; manager; intendant,
drive (techn.); direction, management;
superintendent; rector (of a university);
administration; administrative agency,
mudir, chief officer of a mudiria, approx.
department, office, bureau │‫ ادارة المَن‬i.
= governor (Eg.); (pl. ‫ مَدراء‬mudarā’2)
al-amn the police; ‫‘( ادارة عرفية‬urfīya)
administrative officer at the head of a
military administration; ‫ سوء الدارة‬sū’ al-i.
county (Syr., Leb., Ir., Saudi Ar.) │ ‫مَدير‬
mismanagement, maladministmtion; ‫مَجلس‬
‫ الجوق‬m. al-jauq bandleader, conductor of
‫ الدارة‬Majlis al-i. board of directors,
an orchestra
administrative board, committee of
management; ‫ مَرنز الدارة‬markaz al-i. ‫ مَديرة‬mudīra directress; administratress
administration center, headquarters ‫ مَديرية‬mudīrīya direction;
‫ اداري‬idārī administrative, administration; management; -- (pl. -āt)
departmental; administrative officer; mudiria, province (Eg.); approx.: main
manager (athlet.); ‫ اداريا‬idāriyan through department of a ministry (Ir.)
administrative channels, administratively, ‫ مَستدير‬mstadīr round; circular │ ‫مَؤتمر‬
officially ‫( المائدة المستديرة‬mu’tamar al-mā’idat al-m.)
‫ استدارة‬istidāra roundness, rotundity, roundtable conference
circularity ‫ دورق‬dauraq pl. ‫ دوارق‬dawāriq2 (eg.) bulging
‫ دائر‬dā’ir turning, revolving, spinning; vessel with a long, slender neck, carafe
circulating; current (e.g., expression),
common; ambulant, itinerant; in progress,
‫ دوزن‬dauzana to tune (a musical instrument); belongs to the past; ‫ دالت له الدولة‬fortune has
O to tune in (radio) turned in his favor (‫ عليه‬against him) III to
alternate, rotate (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to cause
‫ دوزان‬dūzān and ‫ دوزنة‬dauzana tuning
to succeed by turns or to follow one
(of a musical instrument); ‫ دوزنة‬O tuning
another (‫ اليام‬al-ayyāma the days; God); to
(radio)
alternate (‫ بين‬between); to confer, talk (‫ه‬
‫( دوزينة‬It. dozzina) dōzīna dozen with s.o., ‫ في‬about), discuss (‫ في ه‬with s.o.
(‫ داس )دوس‬dāsa u (daus, ‫ دياس‬diyās) to tread, s.th.) IV to give ascendancy, afford
step (‫ هـ‬on); to tread (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tread superiority, give the upper hand (‫ مَن ه‬to
down, trample down, trample underfoot, s.o. over); to make victorious, let triumph
crush (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to thresh (grain); to treat (‫ على ه‬s.o. over), grant victory (‫ على ه‬to s.o.
with disdain, humiliate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to run over over); to replace (‫ ب هـ‬or ‫ مَن‬s.th. with),
(‫ ه‬s.o.; automobile) VII pass. of I exchange, substitute (‫ ب هـ‬or ‫ مَن‬for s.th.
s.th.) │‫ اديل لبني العباس مَن بني امَية‬udīla li-
‫ دوس‬daus treading, trampling, tread, banī 1-‘abbās min banī umayyata the rule
step passed from the Ommaiads to the
‫ ديسة‬dīsa dense forest, jungle, thicket Abbasides VI to alternate, take turns (‫هـ‬
with or in s.th., e.g., in some work); to
‫ دواسة‬dawwāsa pedal hand each other s.th. (‫)هـ‬, pass s.th. (‫)هـ‬
‫ مَداس‬madās shoe, sandal alternately between themselves; to handle
alternately (‫ هـ‬different things), take now
‫ مَدوس‬madūs, ‫ مَداس‬mudās trodden,
this, now that; to exchange (‫ الرأى‬ar-ra’y
trampled down; crushed; run over
views); to make frequent use (‫ هـ‬of s.th.);
‫ دوسنطاريا‬dusinṭāriyā, ‫دوسنتاريا‬dysentery to confer, have a discussion, take counsel,
‫( دوسية‬Fr. dossier) dosyē, ‫ دوسيه‬dōsē pl. -āt deliberate; to parley, negotiate; to
dossier, file circulate, be in circulation, be current,
have currency │‫ تداولته اليدي‬tadāwalathu l-
1
‫( دوش‬eg.) dawaš to irritate (‫ ه‬s.o.) or drive s.o. aidī it passed from hand to hand, it made
crazy by noise the rounds, it circulated; ‫تداولته اللسن‬
‫ دوشة‬dauša (eg.) din, noise, clamor, uproar, (alsun) it passed from mouth to mouth, it
hubbub, hullabaloo was the talk of the town, it was on
2
everybody’s lips
‫(دوش‬Fr. douche) dūš pl. -āt shower, douche
‫ دولة‬daula pl. ‫ دول‬duwal alternation,
‫( دوطة‬It. dote) dōṭa dowry rotation, change; change of time, turn of
‫ دوغ‬II to imprint a mark, to brand fortune; dynasty; state, country; power,
empire │‫ صاحب الدولة‬title of the Prime
‫ داغ‬dāg pl. -āt brand (on cattle) 301
Minister; ‫ دولة رئيس الحكومَة‬daulat r. al-ḥ.
(‫ داف )دوف‬dāfa u (dauf) to mix, mingle (‫في هـ‬ His Excellency, the Prime Minister; ‫فخامَة‬
s.th. with); to add, admix (‫ في هـ‬s.th. to) ‫ الدولة‬fakāmat ad-d. title of the President of
‫ دوق‬dūq duke the Republic (Syr., Leb.); ‫الدولة العلية‬
(‘alīya) name of the ancient Ottoman
‫ دوقة‬dūqa duchess Empire; (‫( الدول الكبرى )العظمى‬kubrā, ‘uẓmā)
‫ دوقي‬dūqī ducal the big powers; ‫( دولة مَنتدبة‬muntadaba)
mandatory power
‫ دوقية‬dūqīya dukedom, duchy
‫( دولة‬dam., pronounced dōle = ‫ركوة‬
‫ دوك‬II to chatter, prattle rakwa) metal vessel with long curved
‫ دوك‬dauka din, row, hubbub, turnult, handle used for making coffee
confusion ‫ دولي‬daulī state (adj.); duwalī
1
(‫ دال )دول‬dāla u" (‫ دولة‬daula) to change international
periodically, take turns, alternate, rotate; ‫ دولية‬duwalīya internationality;
to change, turn (time, fortune) │ ‫دالت دولة‬ internationalism; the International
‫ الَستبداد‬the time of absolutism is over,
‫ دويلات‬duwailāt petty states, small ‫ دوام‬dawām duration, continuance,
countries permanence, perpetuity; uninterrupted
succession; endurance, perseverance;
‫ دواليك‬dawālaika alternately, by turns;
abiding, stay (of s.o., ‫ في‬at a place); ‫دوامَا‬
successively, one by one, one after the
dawāman and ‫ على الدوام‬permanently,
other │‫( وهكذا دواليك‬wa-hākadā) and so
perpetually, at all times, ever, always │
forth, and so on
‫ ساعات الدوام‬,‫ اوقات الدوام‬,‫ وقت الدوام‬working
‫ تدويل‬tadwīl internationalization hours, office hours (Ir., Syr.)
‫ مَداولة‬mudāwala pl. -āt parley, ‫ ديمومَة‬daimūma = ‫دوام‬
negotiation; deliberation, consultation;
‫ دوامَة‬duwwāma top (child’s toy);
discussion; mudāwalatan alternately, one
whirlpool, eddy, vortex
after the other, one at a time
‫ مَداومَة‬mudāwama perseverance,
‫ تداول‬tadāwul alternation, rotation;
endurance, persistence; continuance,
circulation, currency; circulation of
duration; continuation
money │‫ بالتداول‬alternately, by turns, one
by one ‫ دائم‬dā’im lasting, enduring; endless,
eternal, perpetual, everlasting; perennial;
‫ مَتداول‬mutadāwal current, circulating,
continued, continuous, continual,
in circulation; valid; common, in common
incessant, unceasing, constant; permanent,
use, prevailing │‫( الكلم المتداول‬kalām) the
standing, established; durable │ ‫دائم التقدم‬
colloquial language 302
‫ والنمو‬d. at-taqaddum in a state of constant
2
‫ دوال‬dawālin see ‫دول‬ progress and growth
‫ دولَب‬dūlāb pl. ‫ دواليب‬dawālīb2 wheel; tire; ‫ دائما‬dā’iman always │‫( دائما ابدا‬abadan)
gearing, gears, wheels, mechanism, always and ever
machine, machinery; closet, looker,
‫ دائمي‬dā’imī = ‫دائم‬
cabinet, cupboard │‫ دولَب الملبس‬wardrobe
‫ مَدام‬mudām wine
‫ دولار‬dūlār pl. -āt dollar
2 ‫ مَستديم‬mustadīm constant, continuous,
(‫ دام )دوم‬dāma u (daum, ‫ دوام‬dawām) to last,
continual, incessant, uninterrupted
continue, go on; to persevere, persist │ ‫مَا‬
2
‫ دام‬mā dāma as long as; (the more so) ‫ دومَان‬dūmān rudder, helm
since, inasmuch as, as, because; while he ‫ دومَانجي‬dūmānjī steersman, helmsman
is ..., when he is ... ; ‫( مَا دام حيا‬ḥayyan) as
1
long as he is alive; ‫( مَا دمَت مَعك‬dumtu) so ‫ دون‬II to record, write down, set down, put
long as (or while) I am with you II to down in writing (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to enter, list,
move in a circle, turn, spin, revolve, register, book (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to collect (‫هـ‬
rotate, gyrate, circle; to turn, revolve, spin, poems) │‫( دون شرطا‬šarṭan) to stipulate a
twirl (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to persevere, persist (‫على‬ condition V to be recorded, be written
in), apply o.s. diligently and steadily (‫على‬ down, be put down in writing
to), pursue with diligence and ‫ ديوان‬dīwān pl. ‫ دواوين‬dawāwīn2 account
perseverance (‫ على‬s.th.); to continue IV to books of the treasury (in the older Islamic
cause to last or continue, perpetuate, make administration); divan, collection of
lasting, make permanent (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to poems written by one author;
make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) last or continue; to governmental office, administrative office;
continue, go on (‫ هـ‬with s.th.) chancellery, office, bureau, secretariat;
‫ دوم‬daum continuance, permanence, council or state, cabinet; council,
duration; ‫ دومَا‬dauman constantly, at all consultative assembly, board of advisers,
times, ever, always; -- doom palm (bot.) executive committee; government; court
or justice, tribunal; hall; davenport, divan;
‫ ديمة‬dīma pl. ‫ ديم‬diyam, ‫ ديوم‬duyūm (railway) compartment │‫ لغة الدواوين‬lugat
continuous rain ad-d. official jargon, officialese; ‫ديوان‬
‫ التفتيش‬inquisitional court; the Inquisition
‫ ديواني‬dīwānī administrative, strong enough to carry him; ‫وصل دونهم الى‬
administrational, official; an Ottoman ‫الغاية‬it was he, not they, who reached the
style of cursive (used by the secretaries of goal; ‫( اشاحت بوجهها دونه‬ašāḥat· bi-wajhihā)
the State Chancellery for treaties, she averted her face so that he could not
diplomas, firmans, etc.) see her; ‫ حال دون الشيء‬to prevent s.th.; ‫الشعة‬
‫( دون الحمراء‬aši‘‘a, ḥamrā‘) the infrared
‫ تدوين‬tadwīn recording, writing down;
rays; ‫( الموجات دون القصيرة‬maujāt) ultra-
entry, listing. booking; registering,
short waves (radio)
registration 303
‫ دونم‬dūnum a square measure (Ir. = about 2500
‫ مَدونة‬mudawwana pl. -āt record, note;
m2; Pal. = roughly, 900 m2)
entry: body of laws; pl. ‫ مَدونات‬writings,
1
literature (on a given subject) ‫ دوى‬dawā and II to sound, resound, ring out;
2 to drone; to echo, reverberate III to treat (‫ه‬
‫ دون‬dūn low, lowly; bad, poor, inferior;
a patient, ‫ هـ‬a disease) VI to treat o.s. (with
meager, inadequate │ ‫عامَله بالدون‬
a medicine); to be cured
(‘āmalahū) he snubbed him
‫ دوى‬dawan pl. ‫ ادواء‬adwā’ sickness,
‫ دون‬dūna (prep.) below, beneath, under
illness, disease, malady
(in rank, value, etc.); this side of, short of;
before; without more than; with the ‫ دوي‬dawīy sound, noise, ring, clang,
exclusion of, leaving ... aside, roar, thunder, drone; echo, reverberation
disregarding ...; and not by any means, but ‫ دواة‬dawāh (□ ‫ دواية‬dawāya) pl. ‫دوي‬
not │ ‫( دون ذلك‬with foll. nominative) on duwīy, diwīy, ‫ دويات‬dawayāt inkwell
the way to that, there is ... , before
accomplishing that one must …, ‫دون ذلك‬ ‫ دواء‬dawā’ pl. ‫ ادوية‬adwiya remedy,
‫( خرط القتاد‬karṭ al-qatad) before one can do medicament, medication, medicine, drug
that, one must strip the tragacanth of its ‫ دوائي‬dawd'i medicinal, medicative,
leaves, i.e., accomplish the impossible; ‫بدو‬ curative
‫ مَن دون‬,‫( ن‬dūni) without; with the
exclusion of, excluding; ‫ بدون ان‬and ‫مَن دون‬ ‫ داء‬see ‫دوء‬
‫ ان‬without (+ foll. gerund in Engl.); ‫دونك‬ ‫ دواء‬diwā’ treatment, therapy (med.)
dūnaka (with foll. acc.) here you are!
take ...! watch out (‫ هـ‬for)! beware (‫ هـ‬of)! ‫ مَداواة‬mudāwāh treatment, therapy
‫ هو دون‬he is below him, he doesn’t (med.)
measure up to him; ‫كان دونه أهمية‬ ‫ تداو‬tadāwin cure
(ahammīyatan) to be of less importance 2
‫( دوى‬Fr. douille) dūy socket (of a light bulb)
than ...; ‫ اثم دونه كل اثم‬itmun dūnahū kullu
itmin a sin to end all sins; ‫الذين هم دون السن‬ ‫ ديالوج‬diyalōg (Eg. spelling) pl. -āt dialogue
‫( العسكرية‬sinn, ‘askarīya) those below the ‫ ديباج‬and ‫ ديباجة‬see ‫دبج‬
age for military service; ‫دون مَا نظر الى‬
(naẓarin) regardless of, irrespective of; ‫ ديوث‬dayyūt (□ ‫ )ديوس‬cuckold; procurer, pimp;
‫ دون مَا فائدة‬with no benefit at all; a variety of warbler (zool.)
completely useless; ‫تخشى ان يسعدن دونها‬ ‫ ديجور‬see ‫دجر‬
(takšā an yas‘adna) she is afraid they will
be happier than she is; ‫تلك الكتب دون غيرها‬ ‫ الديجوليون‬ad-dēgōlīyūn (Eg. spelling) the
(kutub, gairihā) those books and no Gaullists 304
others; ‫ان مَتعجب مَن فضلك دون علمك‬ ‫ ديدبان‬daidabān, daidubān pl. -āt, ‫ديادبة‬
(muta‘ajjib, faḍlika, ‘ilmika) I admire dayādiba guard, sentry: sentinel │ ‫ديدبان‬
your virtue, but not your knowledge, or, I ‫ المراكب‬ship’s pilot
admire your virtue more than your
‫ ديدن‬see ‫ددن‬
knowledge; ‫كم الفواه دون دون التذمَر والشكوى‬
(kamma, tadammur, šakwā) he stopped ‫ ديراني‬,‫ ديار‬,‫ ديرى‬,‫ اديرة‬,‫ اديار‬,‫ ديرة‬,‫ دير‬see ‫دور‬
their mouths to keep them from muttering ‫ ديس‬dīs diss (Ampelodesma tenax; bot.)
and complaining; ‫اذا كان الغصن دون مَا يحتمله‬
(guṣnu, yaḥtamiluhū) if the branch is not ‫ ديسم‬see ‫دسم‬
‫ ديسمبر‬disembir, disambir December ‫( ن مَوحد‬muwaḥḥlad) consolidated debt; ‫دين‬
‫( مَطلق‬muṭlaq) debt not bound to the
‫ ديك‬dīk pl. ‫ ديكة‬dīka, ‫ ديوك‬duyūk, ‫ ادياك‬adyāk
physical person of the debtor, but
cock, rooster │‫ ديك الحبش‬d. al-kabaš
outliving him (Isl. Law); ‫دين مَستغرق‬
turkey, turkey cock; ‫( ديك رومَي‬rūmī) do.;
(mustagriq) claims against an estate which
‫ وزن الديك‬wazn ad-d. bantam weight
exceed or equal the assets (Isl. Law)
‫ السعال الديكي‬as-su‘āl ad-dīkī whooping
‫ دينونة‬dainūna judgment; Last Judgment
cough
‫ الديان‬ad-dayyān the Judge (attribute of
‫ديكتاتوري = دكتاتوري‬
God)
‫( ديكور‬Fr. décor) pl. -āt décor, stage decoration
‫ مَدينة‬madīna pl. ‫ مَدائن‬madā’in2, ‫مَدن‬
‫ ديماس‬daimās, dīmās, ‫ ديموس‬daimūs pl. ‫ديامَيس‬ mudun town, city; ‫ المدينة‬Medina (city in W
dayāmīs2 dungeon, vault Saudi Arabia); see ‫مَدن‬
‫ ديمومَة‬,‫ ديم‬,‫ ديمة‬see ‫دوم‬ ‫ ادانة‬idāna verdict of guilty: conviction
‫ ديموطيقي‬dīmūṭīqī demotic (writing) │‫ صدر الحكم بإدانته‬ṣadara l-ḥukmu bi-
idānatihī he was convicted
‫ ديمقراطي‬,‫ ديموقراطي‬dimuqrāṭī democratic;
democrat ‫ استدانة‬istidāna incurrence of debts

‫ ديمقراطية‬,‫ ديموقراطية‬dimuqrāṭīya pl. -āt ‫ دائن‬dā’in creditor


democracy; democratic attitude or ‫ مَديون‬madyūn indebted, in debt:
conviction obligated, under obligation 305
1
(‫ دان )دين‬dāna i to borrow, take up a loan; to ‫ مَديونية‬madyūnīya indebtedness
be a debtor, be indebted; to owe (‫ ب ل‬s.o. obligation
s.th., also, e.g., ‫( دان له بالشكر‬šukr) d. lahū
‫ مَدين‬madīn owing; indebted, obligated,
bi-š-šukr to owe s.o. one’s thanks; ‫ ب‬s.th.,
under obligation; debtor │‫( مَدين بالشكر‬šukr)
e.g., ‫ بالحياة‬bi-l-ḥayāh one’s life, ‫ ل‬to s.th.
owing gratitude, much obliged; ‫كان مَدينا ل‬
or s.o.); to be indebted (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. for); to
to be indebted to s.o., stand in s.o.’s debt
be subject, subject o.s., bow, yield, (‫ ل‬to
s.o. or s.th.), be under s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬power, ‫ مَدين‬mudīn moneylender, creditor
owe allegiance (‫ ل‬to s.o.), obey (‫ ل‬s.o.); to ‫ مَدان‬mudān convicted, found guilty;
grant a loan, lend money (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to guilty; judged, condemned
subject, subjugate (‫ ه‬s.o.): to requite, repay
2
(‫ ه‬s.o.): to condemn (‫ ه‬s.o.), pass judgment (‫ دان )دين‬dāna i to profess (‫ ب‬a religion, a
(‫ ه‬on s.o.) III to have a debt (‫ ه‬with s.o.), conviction. etc.) │ ‫ دان بالسلم‬to profess
be indebted (‫ ه‬to s.o.): to be the creditor (‫ه‬ Islam; ‫( دان بعاداته‬bi-‘ādātihī) to adhere to
of s.o.), have a money claim (‫ ه‬on s.o.) │ one’s customs V to profess (‫ ب‬a religion)
‫( داينه بمبلغ خمسة قروش‬bi-mablag kamsat q.) ‫ دين‬dīn pl. ‫ اديان‬adyān religion, creed,
he had a claim of five piasters on him IV faith, belief │‫ يوم الدين‬yaum ad-d. the Day
to lend money (‫ ه‬to s.o.): to sell on credit ( of Judgment
‫ ه‬to s.o.); to convict, find guilty,
pronounce guilty (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be indebted, ‫ ديني‬dīnī religious; spiritual │‫ لَديني‬ir-
have debts; to subject o.s. (‫ ل‬to) VI ‫تداينوا‬ religious; O ‫ العلم الديني‬science of religion
‫( بدين‬dain) to contract a mutual loan, ‫ دين‬dayyin religious, pious, godly,
borrow money from each other X to make devout
or incur debts, take up a loan
‫ ديانة‬diyāna pl. -āt religion;
‫ دين‬dain pl. ‫ ديون‬duyūn debt; pecuniary communion, confession, denomination,
obligation, liability: obligation (Isl. Law); sect │‫ صاحب الديانة‬founder of a religion
claim (Isl. Law), financial claim │‫ بالدين‬on
credit; ‫ رب الدين‬rabb ad-d. creditor; ‫ديون‬ ‫ ديان‬dayyān pious, godly, devout,
‫ الحرب‬d. al-ḥarb war debts: ‫دين مَضمون‬ religious
bonded, or funded, debt; ‫دين مَمتاز‬
(mumtāz) preferred, or privileged, debt; ‫دي‬
‫ تدين‬tadayyun piety, godliness, manner; -- ‫ ذلكم‬dālikum f. ‫ تلكم‬tilkum, pl.
devoutness, religiousness, religiosity ‫ اولَئكم‬ulā’ikum that one; -- ‫ هذا‬hādā f. ‫هذه‬
hādihī, ‫ هذي‬hādī, pl. ‫ هؤلَء‬hā’ulā’I, dual m.
‫ مَتدين‬mutadayyin pious, godly, devout,
‫ هذان‬hādāni, f. ‫ هاتان‬hātāni this, this one,
religious
see ‫( هذا‬alphabetically)
‫ مَتدينة‬mutadayyina religious community
‫ ذأب‬X to be wolflike, be fierce or cruel like a
‫ دينار‬pl. ‫ دنانير‬danānīr2 dinar, a monetary unit wolf
(Ir., Jord.); pl. ‫ دنانير‬money
‫ ذئب‬di‘b pl. ‫ ذئاب‬di’āb, ‫ ذؤبان‬du’bān dieb
‫ ديناري‬dīnārī diamonds (of a deck of (Canis anthus), jackal; wolf │ ‫مَرض الذئب‬
cards) ‫ الحمر‬maraḍ ad-d. al-aḥmar name of a
‫ دينامَو‬dīnāmō dynamo, generator noncontiguous skin disease

‫ دينامَيت‬dīnāmīt dynamite ‫ ذؤابة‬du’āba pl. ‫ ذوائب‬dawā’ib2 lock,


strand (of hair); tuft, wisp
O ‫ دينم‬dainam pl. ‫ ديانم‬dayānim2 dynamo,
generator ‫ ذاتي‬,‫ ذات‬and ‫ ذاتية‬see ‫ذو‬

‫ دية‬see ‫ودى‬ ‫ ذا‬see ‫ذا‬

‫ ديوان‬pl. ‫ دواوين‬and ‫ ديواني‬see 1‫دون‬ ‫ ذال‬dāl name of the letter ‫ذ‬


‫ ذب‬dabba u to drive away, chase away (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to defend (‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ذ‬ ‫ ذباب‬dubāb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫اذبة‬
‫( ذا‬demonstr. pron.) pl. ‫ اولَء‬ulā’i this one, this; adibba, ‫ ذبان‬dibbān flies, fly │ ‫ذباب قارض‬
‫ بذا‬bi-dā by this, by this means, thereby; ‫لذا‬ gadfly, horsefly
li-dā therefore; ‫ كذا‬ka-dā so, thus, in this ‫ ذبابة‬dubāba pl. -āt (n. un. of ‫ )ذباب‬fly;
manner; so and so, so and so much; ‫هكذا‬ tip (of the sword, or the like)
hā-ka-dā so, thus, in this manner; serves
as intensifier after interrogative pronouns ‫ ذبانة‬dubbāna, dibbāna fly; sight, bead
(roughly corresponding in English to such (on a firearm)
phrase as: ... on earth, ... then, or the like): ‫ مَذبة‬midabba fly whisk, fly swatter
‫ مَاذا‬what on earth? ‫ لماذا‬why then? why in
heaven’s name? – ‫ هو ذا‬huwa dā, f. ‫هي ذي‬ ‫ ذبح‬dabaḥa a (dabḥ) to kill (by slitting the
hiya dī that one; look at that one; why, that throat); to slaughter, butcher; to massacre;
is ..., now if that isn’t ...!; ‫ هاءنذا‬hā’anadā to murder, slay; to sacrifice, offer up,
behold, it is I, here I am, pl. ‫ ها نحن اولَء‬hā immolate (‫ هـ‬an animal) II to kill,
naḥnu ulā’i; -- used as an accusative in the slaughter, butcher, massacre, murder
construct state: master, owner, or ‫ ذبح‬dabḥ slaughtering, slaughter
possessor of, with ‫ ذو‬nominative (q.v.), ‫ذي‬
‫ ذبح‬dibḥ sacrificial victim, blood
as genitive; -- ‫ ذاك‬dāka, f. ‫ تاك‬tāka, ‫ تيك‬tīka,
sacrifice
pl. ‫ اولَئك‬ulā’ika this, this one; ‫( اذ ذاك‬id)
then, at that time; in those days; -- ‫ذلك‬ ‫ ذبحة‬dibḥa, dubḥa angina (med.);
dālika f. ‫ تلك‬tilka, pl. ‫ اولَئك‬ulā’ika that, diphtheria │ ‫( الذبحة الصدرية‬ṣadrīya) angina
that one; ‫ بذلك‬bi-dālika by that, by that pectoris (med.); O ‫( الذبحة الفؤادية‬fu’ādīya)
means, in that manner; ‫ لذلك‬li-dālika do.
therefore; ‫ بعد ذلك‬ba‘da dālika after that, ‫ ذباح‬dabbāḥ slaughtering, killing,
upon that, thereafter, thereupon; ‫مَع ذلك‬ murdering; slaughterer, butcher
ma‘a dālika yet, still, 306 nevertheless,
for all that; ‫( وذلك ان‬anna) that is (to say), ‫ ذبيح‬dabīḥ slaughtered
namely, to wit; ‫( وذلك لن‬li-anna) and that ‫ ذبيحة‬dabīḥa pl. ‫ ذبائح‬dabā’iḥ2 slaughter
is because ..., for the one reason that ...; animal; sacrificial victim, blood sacrifice;
‫( ذلك بأن‬bi-anna) this is due to the fact sacrifice, immolation; offering, oblation
that ...; ‫ كذلك‬ka-dālika so, thus, in that
manner; equally, likewise, in the lame
‫ مَذبح‬madbaḥ pl. ‫ مَذابح‬madābiḥ2 ‫ ذخيرة‬dakīra pl. ‫ ذخائر‬dakā’ir2 treasure;
slaughterhouse; altar (Chr.) stores, supplies; provisions, food;
ammunition (mil.); (holy) relic
‫ مَذبحة‬madbaḥa massacre, slaughter,
carnage, butchery ‫ ادخار‬iddikār storage; hoarding,
amassing, accumulation; storing,
‫ ذبذب‬dabdaba to set into a swinging motion,
gathering; saving
swing, dangle (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II tadabdaba to
swing, pendulate; to oscillate (el.); to be ‫ مَذخر‬mudakkir pl. -ūn assistant gunner,
deflected (magnetic needle); to vibrate; to ammunition passer (mil., Syr.)
fluctuate; to waver, vacillate, hesitate ‫ مَذخر‬mudakkar pl. -āt supply
‫ ذبذبة‬dabdaba pl. -āt pendulous motion, ‫ مَدخرة‬muddakira pl. -āt (Syr.) storage
pendulation; oscillation (el.); vibration battery, battery
‫ تذبذب‬tadabdaba pendulous motion, 1
‫ ذرة‬dura see ‫ذرو‬
pendulation, swinging; oscillation (el.);
2
deflection (of a magnetic needle) ‫ذر‬darra u (darr) to strew, scatter, spread (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to sprinkle (‫ ب هـ‬on s.th. s.th.) │ ‫ذر‬
O ‫ مَذبذب‬mudabdib oscillator (el.) ‫(الرمَاد في عينيه‬ar-ramāda fī ‘ainaihī) to
‫ مَذبذب‬mudabdab fluctuating, variable; throw dust in s.o.’s eyes; -- u (‫ ذرور‬durūr)
vacillating, wavering, hesitant, unsteady to rise, come up, rise resplendent over the
horizon (sun) │ ‫( ذر قرنه‬qarnuhū) it began
‫ مَتذبذب‬mutadabdib: ‫( تيار مَتذبذب‬tayyār)
to show, it emerged
oscillating current (el.)
‫ ذر‬darr strewing, scattering, sprinkling;
‫ ذبل‬dabala, dabula u (dabl, ‫ ذبول‬dubūl) to be
(coll.) tiny particles, atoms, specks, motes
wilted, to wilt, wither; to fade; to become
dry, dry up; to waste away; to become ‫ ذرة‬darra (n. un.) pl. -āt atom; tiny
dull, lose its luster (eye) particle; speck, mote │ ‫ مَثقال ذرة‬mitqāl d.
the weight of a dust particle, a tiny
‫ ذبل‬dabl mother-of-pearl, nacre
amount; a little bit; ‫ مَقدار ذرة‬miqdār d. a
‫ ذبالة‬dubāla wick tiny amount, a jot, an iota; ‫ذرة مَن الشك‬
‫ ذابل‬dābil pl. ‫ ذبل‬dubul wilted, withered; (šakk) the least doubt
dry, dried up; faded (color); languid, dull, ‫ ذري‬darrī atomic │ ‫( قنبلة ذرية‬qunbula)
lackluster, languishing (glance); feeble, atomic bomb; ‫( النشاط الذري‬našāṭ) and ‫طاقة‬
weak, tired 307 ‫( ذرية‬ṭāqa) atomic energy
‫ ذحل‬daḥl pl. ‫ اذحال‬adḥāl, ‫ ذحول‬duḥūl ‫ ذرور‬darūr powder
resentment, rancor, hatred;
‫ ذروري‬darūrī powdery, powdered,
revengefulness, vindictiveness; blood
pulverized
revenge
‫( ذريرة‬darīra pl. ‫ ذرائر‬darā’ir2 fragrant
‫ ذخر‬dakara a to keep, preserve, store away, put
powder, cosmetic scented powder
away (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to save, lay by (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
VIII ‫ ادخر‬iddakara to keep, preserve, store ‫ ذري‬durrī of or pertaining to the
away, put away (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to store, offspring or progeny
accumulate, gather, hoard, amass (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫ ذرية‬durrīya pl. -āt, ‫ ذراري‬darārīy
to lay by (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to save (‫ هـ‬s.th., also progeny, descendants, children, offspring
strength, trouble, etc.) │ ‫ادخر حبا ل‬
3
(ḥubban) to harbor love for; ‫لَ يدخر جهدا‬ ‫ يذر‬yadaru see (‫)وذر‬
(juhdan) he spares no effort ‫ ذرب‬dariba a (darab) to be sharp,
‫ ذخر‬dukr pl. ‫ اذخار‬adkār s.th. stored cutting
away, put by, hoarded, or accumulated; ‫ ذرب‬darab diarrhea (med.)
stores, supplies; treasure
‫ ذرب‬darib pl. ‫ ذرب‬durb sharp, cutting │ (‫ ذرو‬and ‫ ذرا )ذرى‬darā u (darw) to disperse,
‫( جرح ذرب‬jurḥ) a malignant, incurable scatter (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to carry off, blow away (
wound ‫ هـ‬dust; said of the wind); to winnow, fan (
‫ ذراح‬durrāḥ pl. ‫ ذراريح‬darārīḥ2 Spanish fly, ‫ هـ‬grain); -- ‫ ذرى‬darā i (dary) do. II do. IV
blister beetle (zool.) = I; to throw down, throw off (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
s.th.) │ ‫( اذرت العين الدمَع‬dam‘a) the eye
‫ ذرع‬dara‘a a (dar‘) to measure (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to shed tears V to be winnowed, be fanned;
take the measure or measurements (‫ هـ‬of to climb (‫ هـ‬on), scale (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to seek
s.th.); to cover (‫ هـ‬a distance); to cross, shade or shelter (‫ ب‬in, at, under); to take
travel (‫ هـ‬a country), travel through (‫ ;)هـ‬to refuge (‫ ب‬with), flee (‫ ب‬to) X to take
intercede, intervene, mediate, put in a refuge (‫ ب‬with), place o.s. under s.o.’s (‫)ب‬
word (‫ ل‬for s.o., on behalf of s.o., ‫ عند‬with protection, flee (‫ ب‬to s.o.)
s.o. else) V to use, employ, apply (‫بذريعة‬
bi-darī‘a or ‫ بوسيلة‬bi-wasīla a means, an ‫ ذرة‬dura durra, a variety of sorghum │
expedient); to use as a pretext, as an ‫( ذرة شامي‬eg.) Indian corn, maize (Zea
excuse (‫ ب‬s.th.); to use as a means (‫ب‬ mays L.); ‫( ذرة صفراء‬ṣafrā’) do. (syr.); ‫ذرة‬
s.th., ‫ الى‬to an end) VII to proceed, ‫( عويجة‬eg.) a variety of millet
advance; to intervene (Andropogon Sorghum Brot. var. Schwein
‫ ذرع‬dar‘ power, ability, capability (‫ ب‬to furtianus Kcke.); ‫( ذرة بيضاء‬baiḍā’) millet
do s.th.) │‫ ضاق ذرعا ب‬and ‫ضاق عنه ذرعا‬ (syr.)
(dar‘an) not to be up to s.th., be unable to ‫ ذرى‬daran protection, shelter
do or accomplish s.th.; to be unable to
stand or bear s.th., be fed up with, be tired ‫ ذروة‬durwa, dirwa pl. ‫ ذرى‬duran
of, feel uneasy about, be oppressed by 308 summit; top; peak; culmination, climax,
‫ ذراع‬dirā‘ f. and m., pl. ‫ اذرع‬adru‘, ‫ذرعان‬ acme, apex
dur‘ān arm; forearm; connecting rod; ‫ مذرى‬midran and ‫ مذارة‬midrāh pl. ‫مذار‬
cubit, in Syria = .68 m │in Egypt: ‫ذراع‬ madārin winnow, winnowing fork
‫( بلدي‬baladī) = .58 m, ‫ذراع استانبولي‬
(istanbūlī) = .665 m, ‫( ذراع هندازة‬hindāza) ‫ ذعر‬da‘ara a (da‘r) to frighten, scare, alarm,
= .656 m, ‫( ذراع معماري‬mi‘mārī) = ca. .75 terrify (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass. du‘ira to be
m, ‫( ذراع معماري مربع‬murabba‘) = .5625 m; frightened (‫ ل‬by), get alarmed (‫ ل‬at); --
in Iraq: ‫( ذراع حلبي‬ḥalabī) = ca. .68 m, ‫ذراع‬ da‘ira a (da‘ar) to be terrified, alarmed,
‫( بغدادي‬bagdādī) or ‫( ذراع بلدي‬baladī) = ca. . dismayed IV to frighten, scare, alarm,
terrify (‫ ه‬s.o.) V and VII to be frightened,
80 m, ‫ ذراع معماري‬see 800 above
become alarmed
‫ ذريع‬darī‘ stepping lively, walking ‫ ذعر‬du‘r fright, terror, alarm, panic
briskly; rapid, quick; torrential; rapidly
spreading, sweeping (death); devastating; ‫ ذعر‬da‘ar fright, alarm, dismay,
intercessor consternation
‫ ذريعة‬darī‘a pl. ‫ ذرائع‬darā’i‘2 medium, ‫ ذعاف‬du‘āf lethal, deadly, immediately killing
means, expedient; pretext, excuse (poison) │ ‫( موت ذعاف‬maut) a sudden,
‫ ذرف‬darafa i (darf, ‫ ذريف‬darīf, ‫ ذروف‬durūf, immediate death
‫ ذرفان‬darafan) to flow, well forth (tears); ‫ ذعق‬da‘aqa a (da‘q) to frighten (‫ ه‬s.o.) by
to shed (‫ هـ‬tears; said of the eye) II to screaming
exceed (‫ على‬an age) X to let flow, shed (‫هـ‬ ‫ ذعن‬da‘ana a (da‘an) and IV to submit, yield,
tears)
give in (‫ ل‬to s.o.), obey (‫ ل‬s.o., an order,
‫ ذرق‬daraqa i u (darq) to drop excrement (bird) etc.); to concede voluntarily, grant
IV do. willingly (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. s.th.)
‫ ذرق‬darq droppings, excrement (of a ‫ اذعان‬id‘ān submissiveness, pliability,
bird) compliance, obedience
‫ مذعن‬mud‘in submissive, pliable, ‫ ذكر‬dikr recollection, remembrance,
tractable, obedient reminiscence, memory, commemoration;
reputation, repute, renown; naming,
‫ مذعان‬mid‘an pliable, tractable, docile,
stating, mention(ing), quoting, citation;
obedient, obliging, compliant
report, account, narration, narrative;
‫ ذفر‬dafar pungent smell, stench invocation of God, mention of the Lord’s
‫ ذقن‬daqan, diqan pl. ‫ اذقان‬adqān, ‫ ذقون‬duqūn name; (in Sufism) incessant repetition of
chin; -- daqn f., pl. ‫ ذقون‬duqūn beard, certain words or formulas in praise of
whiskers │ ‫ ذقن الشيخ‬d. aš-šaik; worm- God, often accompanied by music and
wood, absinthe; ‫ خروا لذقانهم‬karrū li- dancing │‫( على ذكر‬with foll. genit.)
adqānihim they prostrated themselves; apropos of, speaking of ...; ‫وعلى ذكر ذلك‬
309 ‫( غرق في العمل حتى الذقن‬gariqa fī speaking of that, incidentally, in that
l-‘amal) to be up to one’s neck in work, be connection; ‫ الذكر الحكيم‬the Koran; ‫سالف الذكر‬
swamped by work (properly: to drown in abovementioned, afore-mentioned; ‫سعيد‬
work); ‫( ضحك على ذقنه‬ḍaḥika) pl. ‫على ذقونهم‬ ‫ الذكر‬of blessed memory, deceased, late;
(eg., syr.) to fool s.o., make fun of s.o., ‫( اشاد بذكره‬ašāda) to celebrate, praise,
lead s.o. around by the nose (‫ ب‬with s.th.); commend s.o. or s.th., speak in glowing
to put on an act for s.o.; ‫ ضحك في ذقنه‬to terms of s.o. or s.th.; ‫( ما زال على ذكر من‬dikr
laugh in s.o.’s face min) he still remembered ..., he could still
‫ ذكر‬dakara u (dikr, ‫ تذكار‬tadkār) to remember, recall ...
bear in mind (‫ هـ‬s.th.), think (‫ هـ‬of); to ‫ ذكر‬dakar pl. ‫ ذكور‬dukūr, ‫ ذكورة‬dukūra,
keep in mind (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to recall, recollect ( ‫ ذكران‬dukrān male; (pl. ‫ )ذكور‬penis
‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- (dikr) to speek, talk (‫ هـ‬of,
about); to name, mention, cite, quote (‫هـ‬ ‫ ذكرة‬dukra reputation, repute, renown
s.th.); to state, designate, indicate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫ ذكرى‬dikrā pl. ‫ ذكريات‬dikrayāt
to give (‫ هـ‬e.g., foots, data); to point, refer remembrance, recollection, memory; pl.
(‫ هـ‬to s.th.); to report, relate, tell (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. reminiscences, memoirs
to s.o.) │ ‫ تقدم يذكر‬taqaddumun yudkaru
notable progress; ‫( ل يذكر‬yudkaru) ‫ ذكير‬dakīr steel
inconsiderable, not worth mentioning; ‫ذكره‬ ‫ تذكار‬tadkār, tidkār remembrance;
(‫( بخير )بالخير‬kair) to have pleasant reminder, memento; memory,
memories of s.o., hold s.o. in fond commemoration; souvenir, keepsake;
remembrance; to speak well of s.o.; ‫ذكره‬ memorial day │‫ تذكار جميع القديسين‬t. jamī‘
‫( بشر‬šarr) to have unpleasant memories of al-qiddīsīn All Saints’ Day (Chr.)
s.o.; to speak ill of s.o. II to remind (‫ب ه‬ ‫ تذكاري‬tadkārī, tidkārī serving to
s.o. of s.th.), point out (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.),
remind, helping the memory; memorial,
call s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬attention (‫ ب‬to); to make (‫ هـ‬a
commemorative
word) masculine (gram.) III to parley,
negotiate, confer, have a talk, take counsel ‫ تذكرة‬tadkira reminder; memento
(‫ ه‬with s.o.); to memorize, commit to
‫ تذكرة‬tadkira, mostly pronounced
memory, learn, study (‫ هـ‬one’s assignment,
one’s lesson) │ ‫( ذاكر دروسه‬durūsahū) to tadkara, pl. ‫ تذاكر‬tadākir2 message, note;
study one’s lessons, do one’s homework slip, paper, permit, pus; card; ticket;
IV to remind (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. of s.th.), call (‫هـ‬ admission ticket │ ‫ تذكرة بريد‬postcard; ‫تذكرة‬
s.th.) to s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind V to remember, ‫ اثبات الشخصية‬t. itbāt aš-šakṣīya identity
bear in mind (‫ هـ‬s.th.), think (‫ هـ‬of s.th.) VI card; ‫ تذكرة ذهاب واياب‬t. dahāb wa-iyāb
to remind each other (‫ هـ‬of), revive each round-trip ticket; ‫( تذكرة الرصيف‬eg.)
other’s memory of (‫ ;)هـ‬to confer platform ticket; ‫ تذكرة اشتراك‬subscription
(together), have a talk, take counsel VIII ticket; ‫( تذكرة طبية‬ṭibbīya) medical
‫ ادكر‬iddakara = V; X to remember, recall, prescription; ‫ تذكرة مرور‬permit, pass,
keep in mind, know by heart (‫ هـ‬s.th.) laissez-passer; passport; 310 ‫تذكرة النفوس‬
(Syr.) identity card (= ‫ بطاقة شخصية‬Eg.); degrade, humiliate, humble (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
‫ تذكرة النتخاب‬t. al-intikāb ballot s.th.); to subject, break, subdue, conquer (‫ه‬
s.o.); to overcome, surmount (‫هـ‬
‫ تذكرجي‬tadkarjī, ‫ تذكري‬tadkarī ticket
difficulties, obstacles) IV to lower, debase,
seller, ticket clerk; (streetcar) conductor degrade, humiliate, humble (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
‫ تذكير‬tadkīr reminding (of s.o., ‫ ب‬of s.th.); to subject, break, subdue, conquer (
s.th:). reminder, memento; fecundation, ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o. s.th.) V to lower o.s, humble o.s.,
pollination (of female blossoms; in cringe (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬before s.o.); to be humble,
pomiculture) obsequious X to think (‫ ه‬s.o.) low or
despicable; to think little (‫ ه‬of), disesteem
‫ مذاكرة‬mudākara pl. -āt negotiation, (‫ ه‬s.o.); to deride, flout, disparage, run
consultation. conference; deliberation (of down (‫ ه‬s.o.)
a court; Syr.); learning, memorizing,
memorization; study ‫ ذل‬dull lowness, lowliness,
insignificance; ignominy, disgrace, shame,
‫ تذكر‬tadakkur memory, remembrance, degradation, humiliation; humility,
recollection humbleness, meekness, submissiveness
‫ استذكار‬istidkār memorizing, ‫ ذلة‬dilla lowness, baseness, vileness,
memorization, committing to memory depravity; submissivness, obsequiousness
‫ ذاكرة‬dākira memory ‫ ذليل‬dalīl pl. ‫ اذلاء‬adillā’2, ‫ اذلة‬adilla low,
‫ مذكور‬madkūr mentioned; said, above- lowly; despised, despicable, contemptible;
docile, tractable, pliable; humble,
mentioned; celebrated │ ‫لم يكن شيئا مذكورا‬
submissive, abject, servile; obsequious,
lam yakun šai’an m. it was of no cowering, cringing ‫ ذلول‬dalūl pl. ‫ ذلل‬dulul
importance, it was nothing docile, tractable, gentie (animal); female
‫ مذكر‬mudakkar masculine (gram.) riding camel
‫ مذكرة‬mudakkira pl. -āt reminder; note; ‫ مَذلة‬madalla humbleness, meekness,
remark.; notebook; memorandum, submissiveness; humiliation
memorial, aide-mémoire, (diplomatic) ‫ تذليل‬tadlīl derogation, degradation,
note; ordinance, decree; treatise, paper, bemeaning; overcoming, conquering,
report (of a learned society, = Fr. surmounting (of difficulties, of an
mémoires); pl. reminiscences, memoirs │ obstacle, and the like)
‫ مذكرة التهام‬m. al-ittihām bill of indictment
‫ اذلَل‬idlāl degradation, debasement,
(jur.); ‫ مذكرة الجلب‬m. al-jalb writ of habeas
humiliation
corpus; ‫( مذكرة شفاهية‬šifāhīya) verbal note
(dipl.) ‫ تذلل‬tadallul self-abasement 311
(‫ ذكو‬and ‫ ذكا )ذكى‬dakā u (dukūw, ‫ ذكا‬dakan, ‫ذكاء‬ ‫ ذلذل‬duldul pl. ‫ ذلاذل‬dalādil2 lowest, nethermost
dakā’) to blaze, flare up (fire); to exude a part of s.th.; train, hem (of a garment) │‫ذلا‬
strong odor; -- ‫ ذكي‬dakiya (‫ ذكاء‬dakā’) to ‫ ذل الناس‬the mob, the riffraff
be sharp-witted, intelligent II and IV to ‫ اذلف‬adlaf2, f. ‫ ذلفاء‬dalfā’, pl. ‫ ذلف‬dulf having a
cause to blaze, fan (‫ هـ‬the fire); to kindle ( small and finely chiseled nose
‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to immolate an animal X = dakā
‫ ذلق‬dalq tip, point; tip of the tongue
‫ ذكاء‬dakā’ acumen, mental, acuteness,
‫ الحروف الذلق‬al-ḥurūf ad-dulq, ‫الحروف‬
intelligence, brightness; -- dukā’2 the sun ‫ الذلقية‬and ‫( الحروف الذوللقية‬dulaqiya) the
‫ ذكي‬dakīy pl. ‫ اذكياء‬adkiyā’2 intelligent, liquids r, l, n (phon.)
sharp-witted, clever, bright; redolent, ‫ ذلق‬dalq, daliq, ‫ ذليق‬dalīq eloquent, glib,
fragrant; tasty, savory, delicious facile (tongue)
‫ ذل‬dalla i (dall, dull, ‫ ذلالة‬dalāla, ‫ ذلة‬dilla, ‫مَذلة‬ ‫ ذلاقة‬dalāqa eloquence, glibness (of the
madalla) to be low, lowly, humble, tongue)
despised, contemptible II to lower, debase,
‫ ذلك‬etc., see ‫ذا‬ ‫ ذمَي‬damiya a (‫ ذمَاء‬damā’) to be in the throes
of death
‫ ذم‬damma u (damm, ‫ مَذمَة‬madamma) to blame,
find blameworthy, dispraise, criticize (‫ه‬ ‫ ذمَاء‬damā’ last remnant; last breath of
s.o.), find fault (‫ ه‬with s.o.) II to rebuke, life │ ‫( ذمَاء مَن الحياة‬ḥayāh) last breath of
censure sharply (‫ ه‬s.o.) life
‫ ذم‬damm censure, dispraise, derogation, ‫ ذنب‬IV to do wrong, commit a sin, a crime, an
disparagement offense; to be guilty, be culpable X to find
or declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) guilty of a sin, of a
‫ ذمَة‬dimma pl ‫ ذمَم‬dimam protection,
crime, of an offense
care, custody; covenant of protection,
compact; responsibility, answerableness; ‫ ذنب‬danb pl. ‫ ذنوب‬dunūb offense, sin,
financial obligation, liability, debt; crime, misdeed
inviolability, security of life and property; ‫ ذنب‬danab pl. ‫ ذنب‬adnāb tail; end;
safeguard, guarantee, security; conscience adherent (pol.), follower, henchman
│‫ بالذمَة؟‬honestly? really? seriously? ‫في‬
‫ ذمَتي‬and ‫ على ذمَتي‬upon my word, truly; ‫بذمَت‬ ‫ ذنبي‬danabī caudal, tail- (in
‫ في ذمَته‬,‫ ه‬in s.o.’s debt, indebted to s.o.; ‫مَا‬ compounds); append aged, appendant,
‫ بذمَته‬his debt; ‫ على ذمَته‬under s.o.’s dependent
protection; at s.o.’s disposal; for the ‫ ذنيب‬dunaib petiole, leafstalk (bot.)
benefit of s.o. or s.th., for s.o. or some
purpose (allocation of funds); ‫هي على ذمَته‬ ‫ مَذنب‬mudannab comet
she is financially dependent on him, he ‫ مَذنب‬mudnib culpable, guilty; sinner;
has to support her; ‫ اهل الذمَة‬ahl ad-d. the evildoer, delinquent, criminal 312
free non-Muslim subjects living in
Muslim, countries who, in return for ‫ ذهب‬dahaba a (‫ ذهاب‬dahāb, ‫ مَذهب‬madhab) to
paying the capital tax, enjoyed protection go (‫ الى‬to); to betake o.s., travel (‫ الى‬to); to
and safety; ‫ طاهر الذمَة‬of pure conscience, go away, leave, depart; to disappear,
upright, honest; ‫( برأ ذمَته‬barra’a) to relieve vanish, decline, dwindle; to perish, die, be
one’s conscience, meet one’s obligation destroyed; with ‫ب‬: to carry s.th. off, take
s.th. away, abduct, steal s.th., sweep s.th.
‫ ذمَي‬dimmī a zimmi, a free non-Muslim or s.o. away, annihilate, destroy s.th. or
subject living in a Muslim country (see ‫ذمَة‬ s.o.; ‫ ذهب به الى‬to lead or conduct s.o. to,
dimma: ‫)اهل الذمَة‬ take s.o. along to; to think, believe (‫الى‬
‫ ذمَام‬dimām pl. ‫ اذمَة‬adimma right, claim, s.th.), hold the view, be of the opinion (‫الى‬
title; protection, custody; security of life that); to escape (‫ عن‬s.o.; fig.), slip (‫عن‬
and property │ ‫ في ذمَام الليل‬fī d. al-lail s.o.’s mind), ‫ ذهب عنه ان‬to lose sight of the
under cover of darkness fact that ..., forget that ... ; to ignore, skip,
omit (‫ عن‬s.th.); (with imperf.) to prepare
‫ ذمَيم‬damīm censured; blameworthy, to ..., be about to ... │ ‫ ذهب وجاء‬to go back
objectionable, reprehensible; ugly, unfair, and forth, walk up and down; ‫ذهب الى ابعد‬
nasty ‫( مَن‬ab‘ada) to go beyond ... (fig.); ‫مَا يذهب‬
‫ ذمَيمة‬damīima pl. ‫ ذمَائم‬damā’im2 blame, ‫( في نزعته‬naz‘atihī) what follows along
censure these lines; ‫( !اين يذهب بك‬yudhabu) the idea
of it! you can’t mean it! ‫( ذهب سدى‬sudan)
‫ مَذمَة‬madamma pl. -āt blame, censure to be futile, be in vain, be of no avail; ‫ذهب‬
‫ مَذمَوم‬madmūm censured; blameworthy, ‫( ادراج الرياح‬adrāja r-riyāḥ) to go the ways
objectionable, reprehensible of the winds, i.e., to pass unnoticed,
without leaving a trace; to end in smoke,
‫ ذمَر‬V to grumble, complain (‫ مَن‬or ‫ على‬about)
come to nothing, be futile, be in vain; ‫ذهب‬
‫ ذمَار‬dimār sacred possession, cherished ‫( كأمَس الدابر‬ka-amsi d-dābir) to vanish into
goods; honor thin air, disappear without leaving a trace
‫ تذمَر‬tadammur pl. -āt grumbling, (lit.: like yesterday gone by); ‫( ذهب ببهائه‬bi-
complaint, grievance bahā’ihi) to take the glamor away from
s.th.; ‫( ذهب بنفسه‬bi-nafsihī) to kill s.o. (joy, life; ‫ ذهب مَذهبا بعيدا‬to go very far, be very
terror, etc.); ‫( ذهب بخياله‬bi-kayālihī) to let extensive
one’s imagination wander (‫ الى‬to); ‫ذهب‬ ‫ مَذهبي‬madhabī denominational,
‫( مَذهبه‬madhabahū) to embrace s.o.’s confessional; sectarian
madhab (see below); to follow s.o.’s
teaching, make s.o.’s belief one’s own, ‫ مَذهبية‬madhabīya sectarianism 313
embrace s.o.’s ideas; to adopt s.o.’s policy, ‫ ذاهب‬dāhib: ‫ ذاهب اللون‬d. al-laun faded,
proceed exactly like s.o.; ‫ذهب كل مَذهب‬ colorless, discolored
(kulla madhabin) to do everything
conceivable, leave no stone unturned, go ‫ مَذهوب به‬madhūb bihī and ‫ مَذهوب العقل‬m.
to greatest lengths II to gild (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to al-‘aql out of one’s mind, demented
cause to go away, make disappear, ‫ مَذهب‬mudahhab gilded
remove, eliminate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to take away (
‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ عن‬from s.o.) ‫ ذهل‬dahala a (dahl, ‫ ذهول‬duhūl) to forget,
overlook, omit, neglect, fail to heed (‫عن‬
‫ مَذهب‬II tamadhaba (deriv. of ‫مَذهب‬ s.th.); -- dahlia a (‫ ذهول‬duhūl) to be
madhab) to follow, adopt, embrace (‫ ب‬a perplexed, alarmed, dismayed, startled,
teaching, a religion, etc.) surprised, baffled; to be astonished, be
‫ ذهب‬dahab (m. and f.) gold; gold piece, amazed; to frighten, scare, take alarm,
gold coin │O ‫( ذهب ابيض‬abyaḍ) platinum flinch; to be absent-minded, be distracted;
to be or become distracted (‫ عن‬from),
‫ ذهبي‬dahabī golden, of gold; precious, forget, overlook, fail to heed, neglect (‫عن‬
excellent, apposite (e.g., advice, saying, s.th.) IV to baffle, startle, nonplus (‫ ه‬s.o.);
etc.) │ ‫ آية ذهبية‬golden word, maxim, to distract (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from), make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
epigram forget (‫ عن‬s.th.) VII = dahila
‫ ذهبية‬dahabīya pl. -āt dahabeah, a long ‫ ذهول‬duhūl perplexity, consternation,
light-draft houseboat, used on the Nile bafflement, daze, stupor; confusion,
‫ ذهاب‬dahāb going; passing, passage, bewilderment, dismay, alarm, fright;
falling away, decrease, dwindling, loss, surprise; amazement, astonishment;
disappearance; leave, departure; trip, absentmindedness, distraction,
journey; outward-bound trip or journey distractedness (‫ عن‬from)
(as opposed to ‫ اياب‬iyāb return trip; ‫ ذاهل‬diJAil negligent, forgetful,
railroad); opinion, view (‫ الى ان‬that) │ ‫ذهابا‬ oblivious, distracted, absent-minded;
‫( وايابا‬iyāban) there and back; back and dazed, in a stupor
forth, up and down; ‫تذكرة ذهاب واياب‬
tadkarat d. wa-iyāb round-trip ticket ‫ مَذهول‬madhūl perplexed, startled,
alarmed, dismayed, dazed, confused,
‫ ذهوب‬duhūb going │ ‫ ذهوب ومَآب‬coming baffled, bewildered; distracted,
and going; ‫ في جيئة وذهوب‬coming and absentminded
going, in a state of fluctuation, having its
ups and downs ‫ ذهل‬mudhil startling, baffling, amazing
‫ مَذهب‬madhab pl. ‫ مَذاهب‬madāhib2 going, ‫ مَنذهل‬mundahil alarmed, dismayed,
leave, departure; way out, escape (‫عن‬ perplexed, startled, baffled; distracted,
from); manner followed, adopted absent-minded
procedure or policy, road entered upon; ‫ ذهن‬dihn pl. ‫ اذهان‬adhān mind; intellect
opinion, view, belief; ideology; teaching,
doctrine; movement, orientation, trend ‫ ذهني‬dihnī mental, intellectual
(also pol.); school; mazhab, orthodox rite ‫ ذهنية‬dihnīya mentality
of fiqh (Isl. Law); religious creed, faith,
‫ ذو‬dū, genit. ‫ ذي‬dī, acc. ‫ ذا‬dā, f. ‫ ذات‬dāt, pl. m. ‫ذ‬
denomination │O ‫( مَذهبه في الحياة‬ḥayāh) his
‫ وو‬dawū, ‫ اولو‬ulū, pl. f. ‫ ذوات‬dawāt (with
philosophy of life, his weltanschauung; ‫الم‬
foll. genit.) possessor, owner, holder or
‫( ذهب المادي‬māddī) the materialistic
muter of, endowed or provided with,
ideology, the materialistic approach to
embodying or comprising s.th. │‫ ذو عقل‬dū
‘aql endowed with brains, bright, isolated; ‫( الثقة بالذات‬tiqa) self-confidence;
intelligent; ‫ ذو مَال‬rich, wealthy; ‫ ذو صحة‬dū ‫ حب الذات‬ḥubb ad-d. and ‫مَحبة الذات‬
ṣiḥḥa healthy; ‫ ذو شأن‬dū ša’n important, maḥabbat ad-d. self-love, selfishness,
significant; ‫ ذو القربى‬dū l-qurbā relative, egoism; ‫ الَعتماد على الذات‬self-confidence,
kin(sman); ‫( غير ذي زرع‬zar‘) uncultivated self-reliance; ‫ صريح بذاته‬self-evident, self-
(land); ‫ مَن ذي قبل‬min dī qablu than before; explanatory; ‫ مَناقض ذاته‬munāqiḍ dātahū
‫ مَن ذي نفسه‬of one’s own accord, self-contradictory; ‫ ابن ذوات‬ibn dawāt
spontaneously; ‫ ذووه‬dawūhu his relatives, descended from a good family, highborn
his kin, his folk; ‫ ذوو المعرفة‬dawū l- ‫ ذاتي‬dātī own, proper; self-produced,
mawadda wa-l-ma‘rifa friends end self-created, spontaneous; personal; self-
acquaintances; ‫ ذوو الشبهات‬dawū š-šubuhāt acting, automatic; subjective (philos.); (pl.
dubious persons, people of ill repute; ‫ذوو‬ -ūn) subjectivist (philos.); ‫ ذاتيا‬dātīyan of
‫ الشأن‬dawū š-ša’n important, influential o.s., by o.s.; personally, in person │ ‫الحكم‬
people; the competent people (or ‫( الذاتي‬ḥukm) autonomy
authorities), those concerned with the
matter; ‫ اولوا الَمَر‬ulū l-amr rulers, leaders; ‫ ذاتية‬dātīya personality; subjectivism
‫ اولو الحل والعقد‬ulū l-hall wa-l-‘aqd (philos.); identity (of a person) │ ‫تحقيق‬
influential people, those in power ‫ الذاتية‬identification (of a person)
‫ ذات‬dāt pl. ‫ ذوات‬dawāt being, essence, nature; ‫ لَ ذاتية‬lā-dātīya impersonality
self; person, personality; the same, the ‫ ذواتي‬dawātī high-class, exclusive, luxurious
selfsame; -self; ‫ الذوات‬people of rank, 1
people of distinction, notables; ‫ ذاتا‬dātan ‫ ذوابة‬see ‫ذأب‬
personally │ ‫ ذات البين‬d. al-bain 1
(‫ )ذاب )ذوب‬dāba u (daub), (daub, ‫ )ذوبان‬to
disagreement, dissension, disunion, dissolve; to melt; to melt away; to liquefy,
discord, enmity; friendship; ‫ ذات الجنب‬d. deliquesce; to dwindle away, vanish; to
al-janb pleurisy (med.); ‫ ذات الرئة‬d. ar-ri’a pine away, waste away (‫حسرة واسى‬
pneumonia; ‫ ذات الصدر‬d. aṣ-ṣadr disease of ḥasratan wa-asan with grief and sorrow)
the chest, pectoral ailment; ‫ ذات اليد‬d. al- │‫( ذاب حياء‬hayā’an) to die of shame; ‫ذابت‬
yad wealth, affluence; ‫ ذات ايدينا‬d. aidīnā ‫( اظفاره في‬aẓfāruhū) to strive in vain for,
our possessions; ‫ ذات اليمين‬dāta l-yamīn to make futile efforts in order to II to
the right, ‫ ذات الشمال‬dāta š-šimāli to the dissolve, melt, liquefy (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to
left, ‫ ذات اليسار‬dāta l-yasāri do.; ‫ذات مَرة‬ dissolve (also, e.g., tablets in water),
dāta marratin once, one time, ‫ في ذات مَرة‬fī liquefy (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to melt (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to smelt
dāti marratin do.; ‫ ذات يوم‬dāta yaumin one (‫ هـ‬metal); to consume, spend, exhaust, use
day, ‫ في ذات يوم‬fī dāti yaumin do.; ‫في ذات غد‬ up, sap (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │‫( اذاب جهده‬juhdahū) to
fī dāti gadin sometime in the future, exhaust s.o.’s energy; ‫اذاب عصارة مَخه في‬
before long; ‫ في ذات‬... fī dāti ... (with foll. (‘uṣārata mukkihī) to rack one’s brain
genit.) as to …, concerning ..., with with
reference to …, re; ‫ بالذات‬bi-d-dāt none
other than ..., ... of all things, ... of all 314 ‫ ذوب‬daub dissolution; solution (also, as
people; personally, in person; ‫ انا بالذات‬I, of a liquid)
all people, ..., none other than I ...; ‫في لندن‬ ‫ ذوبان‬dawabān dissolution, melting,
‫ بالذات‬in London, of all places; ‫السعادة بالذات‬ deliquescence, liquefaction │ ‫ذوبان الثلج‬
(sa‘āda) essential happiness, happiness (‫ )الثلوج‬d. at-talj (at-tulūj) snowbreak,
proper; ‫ ذات نفسه‬dāt nafsihī, ‫ ذات انفسهم‬d. thaw; ‫ قابل للذوبان‬qābil li-d-d. meltable,
anfusihim his sejf, their selves, his (their) soluble, dissoluble
very nature; ‫ هو بذاته‬,‫( هو ذاته‬he) himself;
‫ تذويب‬tadwīb dissolution, solution,
‫ ذات الشيء‬the same thing; ‫ ذات الشياء‬the
melting, liquefaction
same things; ‫( السنة ذاتها‬sana) the same
year; ‫ لذاته‬by himself (itself); in itself; as ‫ اذابة‬idāba dissolution, solution,
such; for his (its) own sake; ‫ في ذاته‬in melting, liquefaction
itself; ‫ في حد ذاته‬fī ḥaddi d. do.; ‫ قائم بذاته‬self- ‫ ذائب‬dā’ib dissolved; melted, molten;
existent, independent, self-contained, salable, dissoluble
‫ ذات‬and ‫ ذوات‬see ‫ذو‬ disseminated, be or become widespread;
to leak out, become public, become
(‫ ذاد )ذود‬dāda u (daud, ‫ ذياد‬diyād) to scatter,
generally known IV to spread. spread out,
drive away, chase away; to remove ( ,‫عن هـ‬
disseminate, propagate (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th. from); to defend, protect (‫عن‬
make known, announce, make public,
s.o., s.th.) │‫( ذاد النوم عن عينه‬an-nauma ‘an
publicize, publish (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to
‘ainihī) to drive or keep the sleep from his
promulgate (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to show,
eyes
manifest, display (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.), give
‫ ذود‬daud defense, protection (‫ عن‬of evidence (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬of); to reveal, disclose,
s.th.) divulge (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to emit (‫ هـ‬electric
‫ ذياد‬diyād defense, protection (‫ عن‬of waves); to broadcast, transmit (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫على‬
s.th.) to the public; radio) │ ‫( اذاع بالتلفزة‬talfaza)
to telecast (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَذود‬midwād pl. ‫ مَذاود‬madāwid manger,
crib, feeding trough ‫ ذيوع‬duyū‘ widespreadness,
commonness; spreading, spread,
‫ ذائد‬dā’id pl. ‫ ذادة‬dāda defender, dispersion, diffusion; circulation (of news)
protector
‫ مَذياع‬midyā‘ pl. ‫ مَذاييع‬madāyī‘2 telltale,
(‫ ذاق )ذوق‬dāqa u (dauq, ‫ ذواق‬dawāq, ‫مَذاق‬ talebearer, tattler, blabber,: indiscret
madāq) to taste, sample (‫ هـ‬food, etc.); to person; radio station, broadcasting station;
try, try out, teat (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to get a taste 315 broadcasting; microphone; O radio set
(‫ هـ‬of s.th.), experience, undergo, suffer (‫هـ‬
s.th.), go through s.th. (‫ )هـ‬IV to have (‫ه‬ ‫ اذاعة‬idā‘a spreading, dissemination,
s.o.) taste or sample (‫ هـ‬s.th.), give (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. propagation; announcement,
s.th.) to taste V to taste (‫ هـ‬s.th.) slowly, proclamation; publication; revelation,
repeatedly, thoroughly; to get a taste (‫ هـ‬of disclosure; playback (of a tape; as
s.th.); to sense, perceive (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to enjoy opposed to recording); broadcasting,
thoroughly, savor, relish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to radio; (pl. -āt) (radio) broadcast,
derive pleasure (‫ مَن‬from) transmission │ ‫ اذاعة الخبار‬i. al-akbāir
newscast, news (radio); ‫اذاعة تلفزية‬
‫ ذوق‬dauq pl. ‫ اذواق‬adwāq gustatory (talfazīya) television broadcast, telecast;
sense; taste (‫ ل‬for; also, e.g., literary ‫( اذاعة لَسلكية‬lā-silkīya) and ‫اذاعة راديوفونية‬
taste); perceptivity, responsiveness (‫في‬ radio broadcast; broadcasting, radio; ‫اذاعة‬
for); sensitivity, sensitiveness; savoir- ‫ البوليس‬police radio; ‫ مَجلة الذاعة‬majallat al-
vivre, suavity, urbanity, tact; liking, i. radio magazine
inclination; taste, flavor (of food, etc.) │
‫ الذوق السليم‬good taste ‫ ذائع‬dā’i‘ widespread, common,
general; circulating, in circulation; widely
‫ ذوقي‬dauqī of taste, gustative, gustatory known │‫ ذائع الصيت‬d. aṣ-ṣīt famous, noted,
‫ ذواق‬dawāq taste renowned, widely known
‫ ذواق‬dawwāq epicure, connoisseur, ‫ مَذيع‬mudī‘ spreader, disseminator,
gourmet, bon vivant propagator, proclaimer; broadcasting,
transmitting (used attributively); (radio)
‫ مَذاق‬madāq taste transmitter; radio announcer
‫ ذائقة‬dā’iqa sense of taste ‫ مَذيعة‬mudī‘a pl. -āt woman announcer
‫ ذوى‬dawā i and dawiya a to wither, wilt, fad.; (radio)
to be withered, be dry IV to cause to wilt, ‫ ذيل‬II to furnish (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. a book) with an
to dry appendix, add a supplement (‫ هـ‬to); to
‫ ذاو‬dāwin withered, faded, drooping provide (‫ هـ‬s.th.) at the end (‫ ب‬with) IV to
trample underfoot, degrade, debase (‫هـ‬
‫ ذي‬see ‫ذو‬
s.th.)
(‫ ذاع )ذيع‬dā’a i (‫ ذيوع‬duyū‘) to spread, get
‫ ذيل‬dail pl. ‫ ذيول‬duyūl, ‫ اذيال‬adyāl the
about, circulate, be spread, be
lowest or rearmost part of s.th., lower end;
tail; hem, border (of a garment); train (of a ‫ رأس‬ra’asa a (‫ رئاسة‬ri’āsa) to be at the head,
skirt); lappet, coat tail; bottom, foot, end be the chairman, be in charge (‫ هـ‬of s.th.);
(of a page); appendage, appendicle; to preside (‫ هـ‬over s.th.); to had, lead,
add.nda, supplement, appendix (of a direct, manage, run (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- ‫رؤس‬
book); retinue, 316 attendants, suite; ra’usa u to be the chief, the leader II to
dependent; result, consequence │‫في ذيله‬ appoint as chief or head, make the director
immediately thereafter: ‫ طاهر الذيل‬innocent, or leader, entrust with the direction,
blameless, upright, honest; ‫طهارة الذيل‬ management or chairmanship (‫ ه‬s.o.) V =
ṭahārat ad-d. innocence, moral integrity, ra’asa VIII to become or be the chief,
probity, uprightness, honesty; ‫طويل الذيل‬ head, leader, or director
long, lengthy, extensive: ‫تمسك باذياله‬ ‫ رأس‬ra’s m. and f., pl. ‫ رؤوس‬ru’ūs, ‫ارؤس‬
tamassaka bi-adyālihī to cling to s.o.’s ar’us head (also as a enumerative of
coat tails, hold on to s.o.; ‫جر عليه ذيل العفاء‬ cattle); chief, chieftain, head, leader;
(jarra, ‘alaihi) to wipe out s.th., bring upper part, upper end; tip; top, summit,
about the doom of s.th., let s.th. sink into peak; vertex, apex; extremity, end;
oblivion: ‫ لَذ بأذيال الشيء‬to resort to s.th. promontory, headland, cape (geogr.); main
part; beginning: ‫ رأسا‬ra’san directly,
straightway; immediately │‫ برأسه‬sui
‫ر‬ generis, in a class by itself, independent,
‫ راء‬rā’ name of the letter ‫ر‬ self-contained, e.g., ‫‘( علم برأسه‬ilm) a
science in itself; ‫( رأس برأس‬both) alike, one
‫ رئة‬ri’a pl. ‫ رئون‬ri’ūn, ‫ رئات‬ri’āt lung like the other, equally, without distinction:
‫ رئوي‬ri’awī pulmonary, pulmonic, ‫( على رأس‬with foll. genit.) at the head of; at
pneumonic, of or pertaining to the lung, the end of; at the beginning of, before,
lung (used attributively) prior to; ‫( على الرأس والعين‬wa-l-‘ain) very
gladly; juts as you wish! at your service!
‫ رأب‬ra’aba a (ra’b) to mend, repair, patch up (
‫‘ على رؤوس الشهاد‬alā r. il-ašhād in public,
‫ هـ‬a rent, and the like); to rectify, put in
for all the world to see; ‫رأسا على عقب‬
order, set right (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
ra’san ‘alā ‘aqbin upside down, topsy-
‫ رؤبة‬ru’ba patch (for mending a rent) turvy, e.g., 317 ‫( قلبه رأسا على عقب‬qalabahū)
‫ مَرأب‬mir’ab pl. ‫ مَرائب‬marā’ib2 repair shop, to turn s.th. completely upside down,
garage upset s.th. from the bottom up; ‫الرأس الى‬
‫( القدم‬qadam) or ‫مَن الرأس الى أخمص القدم‬
‫( رابور‬Fr. rapport) report (akmaṣi l-qadam) from head to toe; ‫رفع به‬
‫ راتينج‬ratinaj resin ‫ رأسا‬to pay attention to s.th.; ‫ رأس الفات‬the
principal evil, the root of all evil; ‫رأس تنورة‬
‫( راتينة = رتينة‬look up alphabetically) Ras Tanura (cape. E Saudi Arabia, oil
‫ رؤد‬ru’d soft, tender; ru’d and ‫( فتاة رؤد‬fatāh) center); ‫ رأس ثوم‬r. tūm clove of garlic: ‫رأس‬
delicate young girl ‫ الجسر‬r. al-jisr bridgehead; ‫رأس حامَية‬
(ḥāmiya) hothead, hotspur, firebrand; ‫رأس‬
‫ رئد‬ri’d pl. ‫ ارآد‬ar’ād person of ‫ السنة‬r. as-sana New Year; ‫ رأس العمود‬r.
approximately the same age, al-‘amūd capital (of a column or pilaster);
contemporary ‫ رأس الكتاب‬letter-head; ‫ رأس المال‬pl. ‫رؤوس‬
‫ رادار‬rādār radar ‫ المال‬capital (fin.): ‫ مَسقط الرأس‬masqaṭ,
masqiṭ ar-r. birthplace, home town; ‫سمط‬
‫ راديكال‬radikālī radical
‫ الرأس‬samṭ ar-r. zenith (astron.); ‫البلد الرأس‬
‫ راديو‬rādiyō radio (balad) the capital city; ‫رؤوس الصابع‬
‫ راديولوجي‬radiyōlōjī radiology tiptoes

‫ راديوم‬radiyūm radium │ ‫ذو راديوم فاعل‬ ‫ رأسي‬ra’sī head (adj.), cephalic; main,
radioactive chief, principal; perpendicular, vertical

‫ رأرأ‬ra’ra’a: ‫( رأرأ بعينه‬bi-‘ainaihī) to roll one’s ‫ رأسمالي‬ra’s-mālī capitalistic; (pl. -ūn)


eyes capitalist
‫ رأسمالية‬ra’s-mālīya capitalism ‫ روائس‬rawā’is2 cliffs lining river bode
(wadis)
‫ رئيس‬ra’īs pl. ‫ رؤساء‬ru’asā’ one at the
head, or in charge, of; head; chieftain; ‫ مَرؤوس‬mar’ūs subordinate; (pl. -ūn) a
leader; chief, boss; rais; director; head- subordinate, a subaltern
master, principal, chairman; governor; ‫ رأف‬ra’afa a and ‫ رؤف‬ra’ufa u (‫ رأفة‬ra’fa, ‫رآفة‬
president; manager, superintendent; ra’āfa) to show mercy (‫ ب‬on s.o.), have
conductor (mus.); superior (as pity (‫ ب‬with s.o.), be kind, gracious,
distinguished from ‫ مَرؤوس‬subordinate); merciful (‫ ب‬to s.o.) V do.
(mil.) captain (Ir. 1922. Leb.; formerly
also Syr. And Eg.); ‫( رئيس اول‬awwal) ‫ رأفة‬ra’fa and ‫ رآفة‬ra’āfa morcy,
military rank between captain and major compassion, pity: kindliness graciousness
(= Fr. capitaine 1ière classe; Ir. 1922, Syr. ‫ رؤوف‬ra’ūf merciful, compassionate;
1952) │ ‫ رئيس الساقفة‬archbishop; ‫رئيس البلدية‬ kind, benevolent; gracious
r. al-baladīya chief of a municipality,
mayor; ‫ رئيس التحرير‬editor-in-chief; ‫رئيس‬ ‫ ارأف‬ar’af kindlier, more gracious (‫ب‬
‫ اركان الحرب‬r. arkān al-ḥarb chief of toward) 318
general staff; ‫ رئيس التشريفات‬r. at-tašrīfāt ‫ رافيا‬rāfiyā raffia, raftia palm
chief of protocol, master of ceremonies 1
(of the king; formerly Ir.); ‫رأس الشماسمة‬ ‫ رأم‬ra’ama a (ra’m) to repair, mend (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
archdeacon; ‫ رئيس عرفاء‬r. ‘urafā’ (mil.) 2
‫ رئم‬ra’ima a (‫ رئمان‬ri’mān) to love tenderly (‫هـ‬
master sergeant (Ir., Syr.); ‫ رئيس القسام‬r. s.th.), be very fond (‫ هـ‬of); to treat
al-aqsām technical director general (of the tenderly, fondle, cares (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
State Railways; Eg.); ‫ رئيس النواب‬r. an-
‫ رئم‬ri’m pl. ‫ ارآم‬ar’ām white antelope,
nuwwāb president of parliament, speaker
addax
of the (lower) house; ‫رئيس هيئة اركان الحرب‬
r. hai’at arkān al-ḥarb chief of general ‫ رءوم‬ra’ūm loving, tender (mother to
staff; ‫ رئيس الوزراء‬r. al-wuzarā’ and ‫رئيس‬ her children)
‫ الوزارة‬prime minister, premier ‫ رام ا‬rāmallāh Ramallah (town in W Jordan,
‫ رئيسة‬ra’īsa manageress; directress; N of Jerusalem)
mother superior ‫ رامَية‬rāmiya ramie, a strong, lustrous bast
‫ رئيسي‬ra’īsī main, chief, principal, fiber; China jute (bot.)
leading │‫( دور رئيسي‬daur) leading role, ‫ راوند‬rāwand rhubarb
leading part; ‫( سبب رئيسي‬sabab) principal
1
cause, main reason; ‫ شارع رئيسي‬main ‫ رأى‬ra’ā ‫ يرى‬yarā (ra’y, ‫ رؤية‬ru’ya) to see; to
street; ‫ الفضائل الرئيسية‬cardinal virtues behold, descry, perceive, notice, observe,
(Chr.); ‫( مَقالة رئيسية‬maqāla) editorial, discern (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to look (‫ هـ هـ‬at s.th. as),
leading article, leader regard (‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. as), consider, deem, think
(‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. to be ...); to judge; to be of the
□ ‫ ريس‬rayyis (= ‫ )رئيس‬mate (naval rank; opinion (‫ ان‬that), believe, think (‫ ان‬that); to
Eg.) │‫( رئيس مَمتاز‬mumtāz) a naval rank express one’s opinion; to feel (‫ ان‬that); to
(approx. = petty officer 3rd class; Eg. deem appropriate, think proper (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
1939) decide (‫ هـ‬on s.th., ‫ان‬to do s.th.); to
‫ رئاسة‬ri’āsa, ‫ رياسة‬riyāsa (also ‫)رآسة‬ consider, contemplate │‫ أرأيت‬a-ra’aita tell
leadership, leading position; management, me! what do you think? ‫رأى رأي العين‬
direction; chairmanship; presidency, (ra’ya l-ain) to see with one’s own eyes;
presidentship; supervision, ‫( رأى رؤيا‬ru’yā) to have a dream; ‫رأى مَنه‬
superintendency │ ‫ رئاسة الوزارة‬prime ‫‘( العجب‬ajaba) to be amazed at s.th.; ‫رأى‬
ministry, premiership; ‫دار الرياسة‬ ‫ للشيء فائدة‬expect some benefit from s.th.;
presidential palace, seat of the chief ‫( رأى مَن واجبه‬min wājibihī) to regard as
executive of a country one’s duty, deem incumbent upon o.s.; ‫رأى‬
‫ له ان‬to think that it would be in s.o.’s
‫ ترؤس‬tara‘‘us direction, management;
interest to ...; ‫( رأى رأيه‬ra’yahū) to share
chairmanship
s.o.’s. opinion; pass.: ‫( رؤي ان‬ru’iya) it ‫ رؤيا‬ru’ya pl. ‫ رؤى‬ru’an vision; dream
was decided that ...; ‫ رؤي الشيء‬it was felt │ ‫ سفر الرؤيا‬sifr ar-r. the ‫هـ‬pocalypse (Chr.)
proper to do III it was thought to be the ‫ مَرأى‬mar’an sight, view; vision;
right thing to do ill to act ostentatiously, apparition │ ‫ على مَرأى مَن‬before s.o.’s
make a show before people, attitudinize; eyes; ‫( على مَرأى ومَسمع مَن‬wa-masma‘in)
to do eyeservice; to behave hypocritically, before the eyes and ears of; with full
act the hypocrite, (dis)simulate, dissemble knowledge of
(‫ ه‬toward s.o.) IV ‫ ارى‬arā to show,
demonstrate (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) ‫ يا ترى‬yā ‫ مَرآة‬mir’āh pl. ‫ مَراء‬marā’in, ‫مَرايا‬
turā (in interrogative sentences) what’s marāyā looking glass, mirror; reflection,
your opinion? would you say ...? │I reflected image
wonder ..., ‫ مَتى يا ترى‬I wonder when ..., □ ‫ مَراية‬mirāya pl. -āt looking glass
‫ ترى هل‬wonder if ..., would you say mirror
that ...? ‫( اتراها جاءت‬a-tarāhā) I wonder if
she has come, would you say she has ‫ رئاء‬ri’ā and ‫ رياء‬riyā’ eyeservice;
come? ‫ اتراني اعود‬would you say I should hypocrisy, dissimulation; dissemblance;
go back? V to deem, think, believe VI to simulation (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
present o.s. to or come into s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬view, ‫ مَراءاة‬,‫ مَراآة‬murā’āh eyeservice;
show o.s. (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to appear, seem (‫ ل‬to hypocrisy, dissimulation, dissemblance;
s.o.); to appear right, seem appropriate (‫ل‬ simulation (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
to s.o.), be thought proper (‫ ل‬by s.o.); to
see one another; to look at o.s. (in a ‫ راء‬rā’in viewer, onlooker, spectator,
mirror); to act the hypocrite; to fake, observer
feign, simulate (‫ ب‬s.th.) VIII to consider, O ‫ رائية‬rā’iya pl. -āt view finder (of a
contemplate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be of the opinion camera)
(‫ ان‬that), decide (‫ ان‬that) │‫ارتأى رأيا‬
‫ مَرئي‬mar’īy seen; visible; ‫ المرئيات‬the
(ra’yan) to have an opinion; ‫ارتأى رأيه‬
visible things, the visible world
(ra’yahū) to share s.o.’s opinion
‫ مَراء‬murā’in pl. ‫ مَراؤون‬murā’ūun
‫ رأي‬ra’y pl. ‫ آراء‬ārā’ opinion, view;
hypocrite
idea, notion, concept, conception; advice,
2
suggestion, proposal; (Isl. Law) subjective ‫ رئة‬and ‫ رئوي‬see ‫رء‬
opinion, decision hued on one’s individual 3
‫ راي‬rāy an Egyptian variety of salmon
judgment (not on Koran and Sunna) │ ‫في‬
4
‫ رأيي‬and ‫ عند رأيي‬in my opinion; ‫انا مَن هذا‬ ‫ راية‬see 2 ‫رأى‬
‫ الرأي‬I am of this opinion; ‫ مَن رأيه ان‬he is of ‫ رب‬rabba u (rabb, ‫ ربابة‬ribāba) to be master,
the opinion that ...; ‫( أخذ الرأي على‬ukida) it be lord, have possession (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of), control (
was put to the vote, (the matter) was voted ‫ هـ‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), have command or
upon; ‫ لم يكن عند رأيهم‬he was not what they authority (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬over); -- u (rabb) and II to
had expected; ‫ لم يكن له فيه رأي‬he had no say raise, bring up (‫ ه‬a child) II to deify,
in the matter; ‫‘( الرأي العام‬āmm) public idolize (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.)
opinion; ‫ ذو الرأي‬pl. ‫ ذوو الراء‬sensible,
judicious; man of good sense and ‫ رب‬rabb pl. ‫ ارباب‬arbāb lord; master;
judgment; well-informed, knowledgeable owner, proprietor (Isl. Law); (with foil.
person, one in the know; ‫تبادل الراء‬ genit.) one possessed of, endowed with,
tabādul al-ārā’, exchange of views; ‫صلب‬ having to do with, etc.; ‫ الرب‬the Lord (=
‫ الرأي‬ṣulba ar-r. obstinate, stubborn, God) │‫( رب بحري‬baḥrī) a naval rank
opinionated; ‫ قسم الرأي‬qism ar-r. committee (approx. = seaman; Eg.); ‫ رب العائلة‬father
of experts, council on legal and economio of the family, paterfamilias; ‫ ارباب السلطان‬a.
matters (attached to the ministries; Eg.) as-sulṭān the rulers; ‫ ارباب المال‬the
capitalists; ‫ صعود الرب‬the ‫هـ‬scension
‫ راية‬rāya pl. -āt banner, flag 319 (Chr.); ‫ ارباب المعاشات‬a. al-ma’āšāt
‫ رؤية‬ru’ya seeing, looking, viewing; pensioners; ‫ ارباب السوابق‬those previously
inspection, examination convicted; ‫ ارباب الفنون‬artists
‫ ربة‬rabba pl. -āt mistress; lady │ ‫ربة‬ cheek; ‫( ربت على كتفه‬katifihi) to pat s.o. on
‫ المنزل‬r. al-manzil the lady of the house; ‫ربة‬ the shoulder; ‫ ربت نفسه‬to be self-satisfied,
‫ البيت‬r. al-bait landlady; ‫ ربة شعره‬r. ši‘rihī self-complacent, smug
his muse; ‫ ربات الحجال‬r. al-ḥijāl the ladies ‫ ربح‬rabiḥa a (ribḥ, rabaḥ) to gain (‫ هـ مَن‬from
‫ رب‬rubb pl. ‫ رباب‬ribāb, ‫ ربوب‬rubūb rob, s.th. s.th.), profit (‫ مَن‬from); to win (sports,
thickened juice (of fruit): mash, pulp games) │‫( مَا ربحت تجارتهم‬tijāratuhum)
their business was unprofitable II and IV
‫ رب‬rubba (with fol. indet. genit.) many
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) gain, allow s.o. (‫ )ه‬a profit
a, e.g., ‫( رب رجل‬rajulin) many a man, ‫رب‬
‫( مَرة‬marratin) many a time ‫ ربح‬ribḥ pl. ‫ ارباح‬arbāḥ gain, profit;
benefit; interest (on money); pl. proceeds,
‫ ربما‬rubbamā sometimes; perhaps,
returns, revenues; O dividends │‫ربح بسيط‬
maybe, possibly
simple interest, ‫( ربح مَركب‬murakkab)
‫ ربة‬rabba, ribba a kind of skin eruption compound interest
affecting the head and face
‫ رباح‬rabbāḥ pl. ‫ ربابيح‬rabābīḥ2 monkey
‫ رباب‬rabāib, ‫ ربابة‬rabāba rebab or
‫ اربح‬arbaḥ2 more profitable, more
rebec, a stringed instrument of the ‫هـ‬rabs
lucrative
resembling the fiddle, with one to three
strings (in Eg. usually two-stringed) ‫ مَرابحة‬murābaḥ (Isl. Law) resale with
specification of gain, resale with an
‫ ربيب‬rabīb pl. -āt ‫ ارباء‬aribbā’ foster
advance
son, stepson; foster father; confederate,
ally ‫ رابح‬rābiḥ profiteer, gainer, winner;
beneficiary; lucrative, gainful, profitable
‫ ربيبة‬rabība pl. ‫ ربائب‬rabā’ib2 foster
(business)
daughter, stepdaughter; foster mother;
(woman) ally ‫ مَربح‬murbiḥ lucrative, gainful,
profitable
‫ ربوبية‬rubūbīya divinity, deity, godship
‫ ربد‬V to become clouded, become overcast
‫ ربان‬rubbān pl. -īya, ‫ ربابنة‬rabābina
(sky); to turn ashen, take on a glowering
captain, skipper; a naval rank, approx. =
expression (face, with anger) IX to
captain, ‫( ربان ثان‬tānin) approx. =
become ashen, assume a glowering
commander (Eg. 1939)
expression (face)
‫ رباني‬rabbānī divine; pertaining to God
‫ مَربد‬murbadd clouded; gloomy, morose
│ ‫ الربانيات‬divine things; ‫الصلة الربانية‬
(face)
(ṣalāh) the Lord’s Prayer (Chr.)
‫ ربص‬rabaṣa u (rabṣ) to wait, look, watch, be
‫( مَربة‬eg.) mirabba (= ‫ مَربى‬murabban)
on the lookout (‫ ب‬for) V to lurk, lie in
jam, preserved fruit 320
wait (‫ ل‬for s.o.), waylay, ambush (‫ ل‬s.o.);
‫ راب‬rābb stepfather to lay an ambush, move into an ambush;
‫ رابة‬rābba stepmother to take up positions (mil.); to expect (‫ ب‬,‫هـ‬
s.th.), wait (‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬for s.th.) │‫تربص الفرصة‬
‫ ربأ‬raba’a a to hold in esteem, esteem highly ( (furṣata) to wait (or look) for an
‫ ب‬s.o.); If '! 4J to consider s.o. above s.th., opportunity; ‫( تربص المَر‬amra) to wait for
above doing s.th., have too high an s.th. to befall s.o. or to happen to s.o., e.g.,
oplnion of s.o. as to suspect him of ; ‫ تربص به الدوائر‬to wait; for s.o. to meet
(doing) s.th. or as to expect him to do with disaster
s.th.; ‫( ربأ بنفسه عن‬bi.-nafsii) to deem o.s.
above s.th., be too proud for, stand aloof ‫ تربص‬tarabbuṣ probationary term (adm.)
from ‫ مَتربص‬mutarabbiṣ candidate, aspirant
‫ ربيئة‬rabī’a pl. ‫ ربايا‬rabāya guard ‫ ربض‬rabaḍa (rabḍ, rubūd) to lie down; to lie,
‫ ربت‬rabata i (rabt) to pat, caress, stroke (‫ ه‬s.o.) rest (animals; with the chest to the
II do. │‫( ربت على خده‬kaddihi) to pat s.o.’s ground); to lurk (‫ ل‬for s.o.)
‫ ربض‬rabaḍ pl. ‫ ارباض‬arbāḍ outskirts, caravansary; hospice (for Sufis or the
suburb; place where animals lie down to poor) │‫ رباط الَجربة‬r. al-ajriba garter; ‫رباط‬
rest ‫ الجزمَة‬r. al-jazma shoestring; ‫ رباط الرقبة‬r.
ar-raqaba necktie
‫ مَربض‬marbaḍ pl. ‫ مَرابض‬marābiḍ2 place
where animals lie down to rest; sheep pen, ‫ رباط‬ribāṭ, ‫ رباط الفتح‬ribāṭ al-fatḥ Rabat
fold (capital of Morocco)
‫ ربط‬rabaṭa u i (rabṭ) to bind, tie up, make fast, ‫ رباط الجأش‬ribāṭ al-ja’š composure, self-
moor (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tie, fasten, attach, hitch ( control, calmness, intrepidity
‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to); to connect (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. with); ‫ مَربط‬marbiṭ, marbaṭ pl. ‫ مَرابط‬marābiṭ2
to fix, appoint, determine (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to place where aniimals are tied up
value, rate, assess (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to add,
append, affix (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to); to insert ( ‫الى‬ ‫ مَربط‬mirbaṭ pl. ‫ مَرابط‬marābiṭ2 hawser,
‫ هـ‬s.th. in); to combine, unite (‫ هـ‬s.th., – ‫بين‬ mooring cable; rope; O terminal (el.)
‫ وبين‬s.th. with); to ligate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), apply a ‫ ارتباط‬irtibāṭ connectedness, connection,
tourniquet (‫ هـ‬to); to bandage, dress (‫ هـ‬a link; contact, 1iaison; tie (‫ ب‬to);
wound); to bridle, check (‫ على‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.); to obligation, engagement, commitment;
brake (‫ هـ‬a train); to suspend (‫ ه‬a cleric; bearing (‫ ب‬on), connection ((‫ ب‬with),
Chr.) │‫( ربط لسانه‬lisānahū) to silence s.o.; relation (‫ ب‬to); unity; league,
‫( ربط على قلبه‬qalbihī) to fortify s.o., give confederation │ ‫بدون ارتباط‬bidūn irt, not
s.o. patience (said of God); ‫ربط جأشه‬ binding, without obligation (com.); ‫ضابط‬
(ja’šahū) to keep one’s self-control, ‫ ارتباط‬liaison officer
remain calm, be undismayed; 321 ‫ربط‬
‫ الطريقة‬to practice highway robbery III to ‫ رابط الجأش‬rābiṭ al-ja’š composed, calm,
be lined up, posted, stationed (troops); to unruffled, undismayed, fearless
line up, take up positions; to be moored ‫ رابطة‬rābiṭa pl. ‫ روابط‬rawābiṭ2 band;
(ship); to move into fighting positions │ bond, tie; connection, link; confederation,
‫( رابط في قضيته‬qaḍīyatihī) to defend the union, league │ ‫ روابط الصداقة‬r. aṣ-ṣadāqa
cause of, fight for VIII to bind o.s., bonds of friendship; ‫الرابطة الَسلمَية‬
commit o.s. engage o.s.; to be bound (‫ب‬ (Islāmīya) the Moslem League
by, also, e.g., by an obligation), be tied (‫ب‬
‫ مَربوط‬marbūṭ bound; connected;
to); to be linked, be connected (‫ ب‬with); to
fastened, tied, moored (‫ الى‬to); fixed,
depend (‫ ب‬on); to unite, join forces
appointed; fixed salary; estimate (of the
‫ ربط‬rabṯ binding, tying; fastening, budget)
joining, attaching, connecting; fixation,
‫ مَرابط‬murābiṭ posted, stationed;
determination (of an amount, of a
garrisoned (troops); Marabout │ ‫الجيش‬
number); valuation, assessment │ ‫ربط مَالي‬
‫( المربوط‬jaiš) the Territorial Army (Eg.)
financial allocation; ‫ اهل الحل والربط‬ahl al-
ḥall wa-r. infIuentiBJ people, those in ‫ مَرتبط‬murtabiṭ connected, linked (‫ب‬
power; ‫ مَكان الربط‬makān ar-r. (welded) with); bound, committed (‫ ب‬by);
seam, weld (techn.) depending, conditional (‫ ب‬on)
‫ ربط‬rabaṭ (tun.) section, quarter (of a ‫ ربع‬raba‘a a to gallop (horse); -- to sit; to
city), suburb squat; to stay, live II to quadruple,
multiply by four, increase fourfold (‫هـ‬
‫ ربط‬rabṭa pl. -āt, ‫ رباط‬ribāṭ ribbon,
s.th.); to square (‫ هـ‬a number) V to sit or
band, bandage; bundle; parcel, package │
sit down cross-legged; to sit │ ‫تربع على‬
‫ ربطة الرقبة‬r. ar-raqaba necktie; ‫ ربط الساق‬r.
‫‘(العرش‬arš) to mount the throne, sit on the
as-sāq garter; ‫ ربطة النقود‬money purse
throne
‫ رباط‬ribāṭ pl. -āt, ‫ ربط‬rubuṭ, ‫ اربطة‬ar-
‫ ربع‬rab‘ pl. ‫ ربوع‬rubū‘, ‫ رباع‬ribā‘, ‫ارباع‬
biṭa ribbon, band; ligature, ligament;
arbā‘, ‫ اربع‬arba‘ home, residence,
bandage; dressing (of a wound); bond,
quarters; pl. ‫ ربوع‬region, area territory,
fetter, shackle; -- suspension (of a cleric;
lands; ‫( ربع‬group of) people │ ‫الربع‬
Chr.); (pl. -āt, ‫ ربط‬rubuṭ) inn for travelers,
‫الخالي‬Rub‘ al Khali (desert region in S ‫ تربيع‬tarbī‘ lunar quarter; -- (pl. ‫ترابيع‬
Arabia) tarābī‘2) quadrangle; square, plaza
(surrounded by houses) │‫تربيع الدائرة‬
‫ ربع‬rib‘: ‫ حمى الربع‬ḥummā r-rib‘ quartan
quadrature or the circle
(fever)
‫ تربيعة‬tarbī‘a pl. ‫ ترابيع‬tarābī‘2 square,
‫ ربع‬rub‘ pl. ‫ارباع‬arbā‘ quarter, fourth
quadrangle; square, plaza; square panel;
part; roubouh, a dry measure 322 (Eg. =
tile, floor tile
8.25 = ‫ قدح‬l); (syr.) 25-piaster piece │ ‫ربع‬
‫ سنوي‬r. sanawī quarterly, trimestral ‫ تربيعي‬tarbī‘ī quadratic, square
‫ ربعي‬rub‘ī quarterly, trimestral ‫ الرابع‬ar-rābi‘ the fourth; ‫ رابعا‬fourthly,
in the fourth place
‫ ربعة‬rab‘a: ‫ ربعة القوام‬r. al-qiwām and ‫ربع‬
‫ ة القامَة‬r. al-qāma (m. and f.) or medium ‫ رابع‬rābi‘ (due to erroneous pointing) =
height, medium sized ‫ رائع‬q.v.
‫ ربعة‬rub‘a robhah, a dry measure (Eg.; ‫ مَربوع‬marbū‘ of medium height,
= 0.516 = ‫ قدح‬l) medium-sized
‫ رباع‬rabbā‘ athlete (boxer, wrestler, ‫ مَربع‬murabba‘ fourfold, quadruple;
weight lifter, etc.) quadragular; tetragonal; square, quadratic;
‫ ربيع‬rabī‘ spring, springtime, vernal quadrangle; square; (pl. -āt) quadrangular
piece; quartet │‫( مَتر مَربع‬mitr) square
season; name of the third and fourth
meter; ‫ مَربع الضلع‬quadrilateral (math.)
months of the Muslim year (‫ ربيع الول‬r. al-
awwali Rabia I, and ‫ ربيع الثاني‬r. at-tānī ‫ مَربعة‬murabba‘a pl. -āt section, district,
Rabia Il); quarter, fourth part area
‫ اربعة‬arba‘a (f. ‫ اربع‬arba‘) four │ ‫ مَرابع‬murābi‘ partner in an agricultural
‫ ذوات الربع‬dawāt al-arba‘ the enterprise (sharing one quarter of the
quadrupeds gains or losses)
‫ اربعة عشر‬arba‘ata ‘ašara (f. ‫اربع عشرة‬ ‫ جلس مَتربعا‬jalasa mutarabbi‘an to sit
arba‘a ‘ašarata) fourteen crosslegs
‫ اربعون‬arba‘ūn forty; ‫ الربعون‬a ‫ رابغ‬rābig pleasant, comfortable
ceremony held on the 40th day after s.o.’s ‫ ربق‬ribq lasso, lariat
death │‫‘ عيد الربعين‬īd al-a. Ascension Day
(Chr.) ‫ ربقة‬ribqa, rabqa pl. ‫ ربق‬ribaq, ‫رباق‬
ribāq, ‫ ارباق‬arbāq noose
‫ رباعي‬rubā‘ī consisting or four,
quadripartite, fourfold, quadruple; ‫ ربك‬rabaka u (rabk) to muddle, entangle,
quadrangular; tetragonal; (gram.) complicate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to confuse, throw
consisting of four radical letters, into confusion (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); -- rabika a
quadriliteral; quartet; (pl. -āt) quatrain (rabak) to be in an involved, confused
(poet.) │‫( مَؤتمر رباعي‬mu’tamar) four- situation VIII to be confused; to become
power conference; ‫رباعي الضلع‬ involved (‫ في‬in)
quadrilateral; ‫ رباعي الرجل‬r. l-arjul ‫ ربك‬rabak involved, confused situation
quadruped(al), four-footed; ‫مَحرك رباعي‬
‫ المشوار‬muḥarrik r. l-mišwār four-cycle ‫ ربك‬rabik: confused; in trouble, beset
engine by difficulties
‫ الربعاء‬al-arba‘ā’, al-arbi‘ā’, ‫يوم الربعاء‬ ‫ ارتباك‬irtibāk pl. -āt entanglement,
yaum al-a. Wednesday involvement; snarl, tangle, muddle, mess;
confusion; embarrassment; upset (of the
‫ يربوع‬yarbū‘ pl. ‫ يرابيع‬yarābī‘ jerboa stomach) 323
(Jaculus jaculus; zool.)
‫ مَربك‬murabbik confusing, bewildering,
‫ مَربع‬marba‘ pl. ‫ مَرابع‬marābi‘ meadow disconcerting
‫ مَرتبك‬murtabik; confused, complicated, ‫ رابية‬rābiya pl. ‫ رواب‬rawābin hill
involved; bewildered, disconcerted, ‫ مَرب‬murabbin pl. ‫ مَربون‬murabbūn
embarrassed; involved (‫ في‬in) educator; pedagogue; breeder (of
‫ ربل‬rabil plump, fleshy, fat (person) livestock)
‫ ربلي‬rablī, rabalī fleshy ‫ مَربية‬murabbiya pl. -āt tutoress,
governess; dry nurse, nursemaid
‫ ربلة‬rabla pl. rabalāt (mass of) flesh (of
the body) ‫ مَربى‬murabban raised, brought up;
educated; well-bred, well-mannered; jam,
‫ ربيل‬rabīl fleshy, corpulent, fat
preserved fruit; pl. ‫ مَربيات‬murabbayāt
‫ ربالة‬rabāla corpulence preserves
‫ ربما‬see ‫رب‬ ‫ مَراب‬murābin usurer
(‫ ربا )ربو‬rabā u (‫ رباء‬rabā’, ‫ ربو‬rubūw) to ‫ مَترب‬mutarabbin well-bred, well-
increase; to grow; to grow up; to exceed, ( mannered
‫ على‬a number, also ‫)عن‬, be more than (‫)على‬
‫( ربورتاج‬Fr. reportage) pl. -āt reportage, report
│‫ مَا يربو على المئة‬more than a hundred II to
make or let grow; to raise, rear, bring up (‫ه‬ ‫ ارت‬aratt2, f. ‫ رتاء‬rattā’2, pl. ‫ رت‬rutt afflicted
s.o.); to educate; to teach, instruct (‫ ه‬a with a speech defect
child); to breed, raise (‫ هـ‬e.g., poultry, ‫ رتب‬II to array, arrange, dispose (‫ هـ‬s.th. in a
cattle); to develop (‫ هـ‬e.g., a method) III to regular sequence or order); to decorate,
practice usury IV to make grow, augment, dress (iii a show window); to settle,
increase (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to exceed (‫ على‬a determine, regulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to put into
number, an age, a measure) V to be proper order, put together (‫ هـ‬words); to
brought up, be educated; to be bred, be prepare, set aside, earmark (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fix,
raised appoint (‫ ل هـ‬a salary for s.o.); to make (‫هـ‬
‫ ربو‬rabw dyspnea, asthma s.th.) result or accrue (‫ على‬from), derive (
‫ على هـ‬s.th. from), make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) the result
‫ ربوة‬rubwa (rabwa, ribwa) pl. ‫ربى‬
or consequence of (‫ )على‬V to fall in line;
ruban hill
to be arranged, organized or set up (along
‫ ربوة‬ribwa pl. -āt ten thousand, myriad the lines of); to be set aside, be assigned;
‫ ربا‬riban interest; usurious interest; to be subordinate (‫ على‬to s.th.), be the
usury result or consequence (‫ على‬of), result,
follow, derive, spring (‫ على‬from), be
‫ ربوى‬ribawī usurious caused (‫ على‬by) │‫( ترتب بذمَته‬bi-dimmatihī)
‫ رباء‬rabā’ surplus, excess; superiority ( to become the debtor of s.o. 324
‫ على‬over s.o.); favor ‫ رتبة‬rutba pl. ‫ رتب‬rutab degree, grade,
‫ تربية‬tarbiya education, upbringing; level; rank, standing, station; class,
teaching, instruction; pedagogy; breeding, quality; (mil.) rank; clerical rank, order (of
raising (of animals) │‫ سيئ التربية‬sayyi’ at-t. the Christian ministry); religious
ill-bred; ‫ قليل التربية‬ill-bred, uncivil, ill- ceremony (Chr.) │‫ كتاب الرتب‬ritual (of the
mannered; ‫‘ علم التربية‬ilm at-t. pedagogy, Roman Catholic Church)
pedagogics; ‫ تربية الطفال‬baby care; ‫التربية‬ ‫ رتابة‬ratāba monotony
‫( البدنية‬badanīya) physical education,
physical training; ‫ تربية الحيوان‬t. al- ‫ رتيب‬ratīb monotonous
ḥayawān cattle farming, stockbreeding; ‫ رتباء‬rutabā’2 noncommissioned
‫ تربية الدجاج‬t. ad-dajāj chicken farming, officers (Syr.; mil.)
poultry husbandry; ‫ تربية السمك‬t. as-samak
‫ مَرتبة‬martaba pl. ‫ مَراتب‬marātib2 step; a
pisciculture; ‫ تربية النباتات‬t. an-nabātāt plant
steplike elevation serving as a seat;
cultivation
mattress; grade, degree, rank, class │ ‫في‬
‫ تربوي‬tarbawī, ‫ تربيوي‬tarbiyawī ‫( المرتبة الولى‬ūlā) first (mortgage)
pedagogic, pedagogical
‫ ترتيب‬tartīb pl. -āt order, arrangement, ‫ رتيلء‬rutailā’2 harvestman
array; sequence, succession; make-up, (Phalangium), daddy longlegs; tarantula
setup; layout (of a complex, e.g., of ‫ ترتيل‬tartīl slow recitation of the Koran
houses); organization; preparation, (a technical term of tajwīd); psalmodizing,
arrangement, provision, measure, step; rite psalmody, singsong recitation; singing,
of administering a sacrament (Chr.) │‫بالرت‬ chanting (of hymns, etc.; Chr.); -- (pl.
‫ رتيب‬one by one, in proper succession; ‫مَن‬ ‫ تراتيل‬tarātīl2) hymn; religious song (Chr.)
‫ غيرترتيب‬disorderly, in confusion
‫ ترتيلة‬tartīla pl. ‫ تراتيل‬tarātīl2 hymn
‫ ترتيبي‬tartībī ordinal │‫‘( عدد ترتيبي‬adad)
ordinal number . ‫ مَرتل‬murattal church singer; choirboy,
chorister (Chr.); singer, chanter
‫ راتب‬rātib monotonous; (pl. ‫رواتب‬
rawātib2 salary, pay, emolument; pl. ‫رواتب‬ ‫ رتم‬ratama i (ratm) to utter, say (‫ بكلمة‬bi-
certain supererogatory exercises of kalima a word; only with neg.)
devotion ‫ رتم‬ratam (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬retem (Retama
‫ مَرتب‬murattab arranged; organized, set raetam Webb., Genista raetam Forsk.;
up, regulated, etc.; (pl. -āt) salary, pay, bot.)
emolument ‫ رتمة‬ratma and ‫ رتيمة‬ratīma pl. ‫رتائم‬
‫ رتج‬rataja u (ratj) to look, bar, bolt (‫ هـ‬the ratā’im2, ‫ رتام‬ritām thread wound around
door); -- ratija a (rataj) to be tonguetied, one’s finger as a reminder 325
be speechless, falter IV pass. ‫ارتج عليه‬ (‫ رتا )رتو‬ratā u and II ‫ رتى‬rattā to mend, darn (
(urtija) words failed him, he was ‫ هـ‬e.g., stockings)
speechless, he didn't know what to say, he
was at a loss ‫( رتوش‬Fr. retouche) ritūš retouch
‫ رتاج‬ritāj pl. ‫ رتج‬rutuj, ‫ رتائج‬ratā’ij2 ‫ رتينج‬ratīnaj (= ‫ )راتينج‬resin
gate, gateway I eli)1 p muḥkam ar-r. ‫( رتينة‬It. retina) ratīna pl. ‫ رتائن‬ratā’in2
firmly bolted (gate) incandescent mantle
‫ رتع‬rata‘a a (rat‘,‫ رتوع‬rutū‘, ‫ رتاع‬ritā‘) to ‫ رث‬ratta i (‫ رثاثة‬ratāta, ‫ رثوثة‬rutūta) to
pasture, graze; to gormandize, carouse, be ragged, tattered, shabby. worn
feast; to revel, indulge freely (‫ في‬in) IV to (garment)
pasture, put out to graze (‫ هـ‬cattle)
‫ رث‬ratt pl. ‫ رثاث‬ritāt old, shabby, worn,
‫ مَرتع‬marta‘ pl. ‫ مَراتع‬marāti‘2 rich threadbare │‫ رث الهيئة‬r. al-hai’a of shabby
grazing land, pasture; fertile ground (‫ل‬ appearance
for; fig.); breeding ground, hotbed (of
vice, of evil, etc.) ‫ رثة‬ritta old, outmoded things, worn
clothes
‫ رتق‬rataqa u i (ratq) to mend, repair, patch up,
sew up (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ رثيث‬ratīt old, .habby, worn, threadbare

‫ رتق‬ratq pl. ‫ رتوق‬rutūq patching, ‫ رثاثة‬ratāta shabbiness, raggedness


mending, repair; dam (of a stocking) ‫ رثوثة‬rutūta shabbiness, raggedness
‫ رتك‬rataka u i, (ratk, ratak, ‫ رتكان‬ratakān) to ‫ )رثو‬and ‫ رثي( رثا‬ratā u (ratw) to bewail,
run with abort steps, trot lament, celebrate in an elegy, in a funeral
‫ مَرتك‬martak litharge (chem.) oration (‫ ه‬a deceased person); -- ‫ رثى‬ratā i
(raty, ‫ رثاء‬ritā’, ‫ مَرثية‬martiya, ‫ مَرثاة‬martāh)
‫ رتل‬ratila a (ratal) to be regular, well-ordered, to bewail, lament, bemoan (‫ ه‬a deceased
neat, tidy II to phrase elegantly (‫ الكلم‬al- person); to elegize, celebrate in an elegy,
kalāma one’s words); to psalmodize, in a funeral oration (‫ ه‬a deceased person);
recite in a singsong; to sing, chant (‫هـ‬ to mourn (‫ ل‬for, over), deplore (‫ ل‬s.o. or
spiritual songs, hymns; Chr.) s.th.); to pity (‫ ل‬s.o.), feel sorry (‫ ل‬for) │
‫ رتل‬ratl pl. ‫ ارتال‬artāl railroad train │ ‫ رثاه بمرثاة‬to elegize s.o. (a deceased
‫( رتل آلي‬ālī) motorized convoy (mil.) person), bewail and celebrate him in an
elegy; ‫( شيء يرثى له‬yurtā) a deplorable, tester VIII to swing back and forth,
regrettable thing pendulate; to rook; to seesaw, tester
‫ رثى‬raty bewailing, bemoaning, ‫ رجاحة‬rajāḥa forbearance, indulgence,
lamentation leniency; composure, equanimity
‫ رثاء‬ritā’ bewailing, bemoaning, ‫ رجحان‬rujḥān preponderance,
lamentation; regret; elegiac poetry predominance (‫ على‬over), ascendancy,
superiority 326
‫ رثية‬ratya pl. ratayāt arthritis, gout
‫ ارجح‬arjaḥ2 superior in weight,
‫ مَرثية‬martiya and ‫ مَرثاء‬martā’ pl. ‫مَراث‬
preponderant; having more in its favor,
marātin elegy, dirge, epicedium; pl. ‫مَراث‬
more acceptable; preferable; more likely,
funeral orations
more probable │ ‫ الرجح ان‬it is most likely
‫ رج‬raja u (rajj) to convulse, shake, rock (‫هـ‬ that ...; probably ...; ‫ على الرجح‬probably, in
s.th.); pass. rujja to be shaken, tremble, all probability
shake, quake VIII to be convulsed, shake,
‫ ارجحية‬arjaḥīya preponderance,
tremble, quake
predominance, prevalence
‫ رج‬rajj shaking, rocking, convulsion
‫ ارجوحة‬urjūḥa pl. ‫ اراجيح‬arājīḥ2 seesaw;
‫ رجة‬rajja convulsion; shook, swing; cradle
concussion
‫ راجح‬rājiḥ) superior in weight,
‫ رجاج‬rajjāj trembling, quaking, preponderant; having more in its favor,
shaking, rocking more acceptable; preferable; probable,
‫ ارتجاج‬irtijāj shock, concussion; likely
trembling, tremor │ O ‫ ارتجاج المخ‬irt. al- ‫ مَرجوحة‬marjūḥa pl. ‫ مَراجيح‬marājīḥ2
mukk cerebral concussion (med.) seesaw; swing
‫ رجأ‬IV to postpone, adjourn, defer, put off (‫هـ‬ ‫ مَرجح‬murajjaḥ preponderant,
s.th.) predominant; probable, likely
‫ ارجاء‬irjā’ postponement, deferment, ‫ رجرج‬rajraja and II tarajraja to tremble,
adjournment quiver; to sway
‫ رجب‬rajaba u and rajiba a (rajab) to be afraid ‫ رجراج‬rajrāj agitated; trembling,
(‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬of), be awed (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬by) tremulous; swaying; quivering; ‫ الرجراج‬the
‫ رجب‬rajab Rajab, the seventh month of sea
the Muslim year 1
‫رجز‬VIII to compose or declaim poems in the
‫ رجح‬rajaḥa a i u (‫ رجوح‬rujūḥ, ‫ رجحان‬rujḥān) to meter rajaz; to thunder, roar, surge (sea)
incline (scale of a balance); to weigh ‫ رجز‬rujz, rijz punishment (inflicted by
more, be of greater weight; to God); dirt, filth
preponderate, predominate; to surpass,
‫ رجز‬rajaz name of a poetical meter
excel (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be very likely (‫ ان‬that),
‫ رجح عنده ان‬it appeared to him most likely ‫ ارجاز‬arjāz verses in the meter rajaz;
that ...; -- to weigh (‫ هـ بيده‬s.th. in the hand) little (work) song
II to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) outweigh (‫ على‬s.th. ‫ ارجوزة‬urjūza pl. ‫ اراجيز‬arājīz2 poem in
else), give preponderance (‫ هـ‬to s.th., ‫على‬ the meter rajaz
over); to think (‫ هـ‬s.th.) weightier; to
2
prefer (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to), give (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ ارجوز‬look up alphabetically
preference (‫ على‬to), favor (‫ على هـ‬s.th. ‫ رجس‬rajisa a (rajs) and rajusa u (‫ رجاسة‬rajāsa)
more than); to think likely or probable (‫هـ‬ to be dirty, filthy; to commit a shameful
s.th., ‫ ان‬that) V to carry greater weight, be act, do s.th. disgraceful or dirty
weightier, preponderate; to swing back
and forth, pendulate; to rock; to seesaw, ‫ رجس‬rijs pl. ‫ ارجاس‬arjās dirt, filth; dirty
thing or act, atrocity
‫ رجس‬rajas pl. ‫ ارجاس‬arjās dirt, filth ‫ مَرجع‬marji‘ pl. ‫ مَراجع‬marāji‘ return;
authority to which one turns or appeals;
‫ رجس‬rajis dirty, filthy
place of refuge, retreat; recourse resort;
‫ رجاسة‬rajāsa dirt, squalor authority, responsible agency; source (esp.
‫ رجاس‬rajjās roaring, surging (sea); scientific), authoritative reference work;
thundering resource; source to which s.th. goes back
or to which s.th. can be attributed; starting
‫ رجع‬raja‘a i (‫ رجوع‬rujū‘) to come back, come point, origin; recourse (jur.) │ ‫مَرجع‬
again, return; to recur; to resort, turn (‫الى‬ ‫النظر‬m. An-naẓar jurisdiction, competence;
to); to recommence, begin again, resume ( ‫ المرجع اليه‬he is the one to turn to; ‫المرجع في‬
‫ الى‬s.th.); to fall back (‫ الى‬on), go back, ‫ ذلك الى‬I am thereby referring to …; ‫كان‬
revert (‫ الى‬to); to look up (‫ الى‬s.th. in a ‫ مَرجع هذا الشيء الى‬this was due to …, was
book), consult (‫ الى‬a book); to go back, be attributable to …; ‫( اليهم مَرجع الفضل‬m. ul-
traceable (‫ الى‬to), be attributable (‫ الى ان‬to faḍl) the merit is due to them
the fact that ...), derive, stem, spring (‫الى‬
from); ‫ رجع به الى‬to reduce s.th. to (its ‫ مَرجعية‬marji‘īya authority
elements, or the like); to depend (‫ الى‬on); ‫ مَراجعة‬murāja‘a reiteration, repetition;
to be due, belong by right (‫ الى‬to); to fall inspection, study, examination;
under s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬jurisdiction, be s.o.’s (‫)ل‬ consultation (of a reference work);
bailiwick; to desist, refrain (‫ عن‬from); to request; application, petition (esp. to an
withdraw (‫عن‬, also ‫ في‬e.g., what one has authority); application for advice or
said), revoke, countermand, repeal, cancel instruction, etc., consultation (of s.o.);
(‫ عن‬or ‫ على‬e.g., a decision); to turn against checking, verification, re-examination;
s.o. (‫ رجع به على فلن ;)على‬to claim auditing, audit (also ‫;)مَراجعة الحساب‬
restitution of s.th. from s.o.; to demand, revision, correction (of a manuscript)
claim (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ على‬from s.o.); to entail,
‫ ارجاع‬irjā‘ return, restitution;
involve (‫ ب‬s.th., a consequence); to have a
refundment; attribution (‫ الى‬to); reduction
good effect (‫ في‬on), be successful (‫في‬
(‫ الى‬to)
with) │‫‘( رجع على عقبه‬aqbihī) pl. ‫رجعوا على‬
‫( اعقابهم‬a‘qābihim) to retrace one's steps, ‫ تراجع‬tarāju‘ withdrawal, retreat;
go back the way one came; ‫رجع الى الصحة‬ recession, retrogadation
(ṣiḥḥa) to regain one’s health; ‫رجع الى‬ ‫ ارتجاع‬irtijā‘ return to an older form or
‫( صوابه‬ṣawābihī) to come to one's senses; order, reactionism, reaction
‫ رجع الى نفسه‬to watch o.s., examine o.s.; ‫يرج‬
‫ ع ذلك الى ان‬this is due to the fact that ...; ‫ير‬ ‫ ارتجاعي‬irtijā‘ī reactionary 328
‫( جع السبب الى‬sabab) the reason is to be ‫ استرجاع‬istirjā‘ reclamation; recovery,
found in ...; ‫ رجعت به الذاكرة الى‬he recalled, retrieval; retraction, withdrawal,
remembered ...; ‫( رجع في كلمَه‬kalāmihī) to revocation
go back on one’s word II to cause to come
back or return; to return, give back; to ‫ راجع‬rāji‘ returning, reverting, etc.; due,
send back; to turn away (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); attributable (‫ الى‬to); rightfully belonging (
to sing or chant in a vibrant, quavering ‫ الى‬to s.o.); subject (‫ ل‬to s.th.); depending (
tone; to echo, reverberate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫رجع‬ ‫ ل‬on) │ ‫( الحمى الراجعة‬ḥummā) relapsing
‫( صداه‬ṣadāhū) to return the echo of s.th., fever
echo s.th. III to return, come back (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ ‫ مَراجع‬murāji‘ checker, verifier,
to); to revert 327 examiner; reviser │ ‫ مَراجع‬m. al-ḥisāb
‫ رجعع‬rujū‘ return; reverting, coming auditor, comptroller
back (‫ الى‬to); recourse (‫ الى‬to); traceability ‫ رجف‬rajafa a (rajf, ‫ رجفان‬rajfān) to be
(‫ الى‬to); revocation, withdrawal, retraction convulsed, be shaken; to tremble, quake;
(‫ عن‬of s.th.); resignation, surrender (‫ عن‬of to shiver, shudder; -- to agitate, convulse,
s.th.); reclamation; recall; restitution, shake (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) tremble or
return │‫ برجوع البريد‬by return mail shudder; to convulse, shake, rock (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
‫ رجيع‬rajī‘ excrement to spread lies, false rumors; also with ‫ب‬,
e.g., ‫( ارجف بافتراءات‬bi-ftirā’āt) to spread ‫ مَرتجل‬murtajal improvised,
calumnies VIII to tremble, quake; to extemporaneous, extemporary,
shudder impromptu, offhand
1
‫ رجفة‬rajfa (n. vic.) trepidation, tremor; ‫ رجم‬raiama u (raim) to stone (‫ ه‬a.o.); to curse,
shudder, shiver damn, abuse, revile (‫ ه‬s.o.) │‫رجم بالغيب‬
(gaib) to talk about s.th. of which one
‫ رجاف‬rajjāf trembling, quaking; shaken,
knows nothing; to guess, surmise, make
convulsed
conjectures; to predict the future II ‫رجم‬
‫ ارجاف‬irjāf pl. ‫ اراجيف‬arājīf untrue, ‫ بالغيب‬do.
disquieting talk, false rumor
‫ رجم‬rajm stoning; (pl. ‫ رجم‬rujam)
‫ رجل‬rajila a to go on foot, walk II to comb (‫هـ‬ missile │ ‫( رجم بالغيب‬gaib) conjecture,
the hair); to let down (‫ هـ‬the hair), let it guesswork; prophecy
hang long V = I; to dismount (‫ مَن‬or if
‫ رجم‬rujum shooting stars, meteorites
from; rider); to assume masculine
manners, behave like a man │ ‫ترجل في‬ ‫ رجمة‬rajma pl. ‫ رجم‬rujam, ‫ رجام‬rijām
‫ طريقه‬to walk all the way VIII to tombstone
improvise, extemporize, deliver offhand ( ‫ رجيم‬rajīm stoned; cursed, damned; see
‫ هـ‬a speech) X to become a man, reach the also alphabetically
age of manhood, grow up; to act like a
2
man, display masculine manners or ‫ ترجمة‬,‫ ترجم‬look up alphabetically
qualities ‫ مَرجونة‬marjūna basket 329
‫ رجل‬rijl f., pl. ‫ ارجل‬ari"l foot; leg (‫ رجا )رجو‬rajā u (‫ رجاء‬rajā’, ‫ رجاة‬rajāh, ‫مَرجاة‬
‫ رجل‬rijl pl. ‫ ارجال‬arjāl swarm (esp. of marjāh) to hope; to hope for s.th. (‫;)هـ‬
locusts); -- common purslane (Portulaca to .xpeat, anticipate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), look forward
oleracea L.; bot.) (‫ هـ‬to); to wish (‫ هـ‬for s.th., ‫ هـ ل‬s.o. s.th.,
e.g., success); to ask (‫ هـ‬for s.th., ‫ مَن‬or
‫ رجل‬rajil going on foot, pedestrian, s.o., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.), request (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫مَن‬
walking from s.o., ‫ ان‬that he ...) │ ‫رجاه في‬
‫ رجل‬rajul pl. ‫ رجال‬rijāl man; pl. ‫رجالات‬ ‫(الحاح‬ilḥāḥ) to plead with s.o., implore s.o.;
rijālāt great, important men, leading ‫‘( اجو عدم المؤاخذة‬adama l-mu’ākadata) │ I
personalities, men of distinction │ ‫رجال‬ must ask your indulgence V to hope (‫ هـ‬,‫ه‬
‫ الدولة‬r. ad-daula statesmen; ‫ رجال السند‬r. as- for); to expect, anticipate (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.),
sanad informants, sources of information look forward (‫ هـ‬to); to request (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to hope (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬for); to
‫ رجالي‬rijālī men’s, for men (e.g.,
expect, anticipate (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.), look
apparel)
forward (‫ هـ‬to); to dread (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ رجولة‬rajūla masculinity, virility,
‫ رجا‬rajan and ‫ رجاء‬rajā’ pl. ‫ ارجاء‬arjā’
manhood
side, direction; region; -- pl. ‫ ارجاء‬arjā’
‫ رجولية‬rajūlīya masculinity, virility, vastness (of a land), expanses; whole
manhood vicinity or area │‫ في ارجائه‬about its
‫ مَرجل‬mirjal pl. ‫ مَراجل‬marājil2 cooking interior, e.g., ‫( في ارجاء الغرفة‬gurfa) all
kettle, caldron; boiler about the room, ‫ في ارجاء البلد‬all over the
country, throughout the country; ‫تجاوبت‬
‫ ارتجال‬irtijāl improvisation, ‫( ارجاء الردهة باتصفيق‬a. ur-radha) the entire
extemporization, extemporary speech auditorium resounded with applause; ‫شاسع‬
‫ ارتجالي‬irtijālī extemporary, improvised, ‫ الرجاء‬and ‫ واسع الرجاء‬vast in extent, vast-
impromptu, offhand, unprepared dimensioned
‫ راجل‬rājil pl. ‫ رجل‬rajl, ‫ رجالة‬rajjāla, ‫رجا‬ ‫ رجاء‬rajā’ hope (‫ في‬,‫ ب‬and genit.; of);
‫ ل‬rujjāl, ‫ رجلان‬rujlān going on foot, expectation, anticipation; urgent request │
walking; pedestrian ‫ على رجاء‬in the hope of, hoping for; ‫رجاء‬
‫ العلم‬rajā’ al-‘ilm for your information (on
memos, records, etc.); ‫رأس الرجاء الصالح‬ ‫ رحابة‬raḥāba wideness, vastness,
Cape of Good Hope spaciousness, unconfinedness │‫رحابة الصدر‬
r. aṣ-ṣadr magnanimity, generosity
‫ رجاة‬rajāh hope, expectation,
anticipation ‫ مَرحبا بك‬marḥaban bika welcome!
‫ رجية‬rajīya s.th. hoped for; hope ‫ ترحاب‬tarḥāb welcome, greeting │ ‫قابله‬
‫( بترحيب‬qābalahū) to receive s.o. with
‫ مَرجاة‬marjāh hope
open arms
‫ راج‬rājin hoping, full of hope
‫ ترحيب‬tarḥīb welcoming, welcome,
‫ مَرجو‬marjūw hoped for, expected; greeting 330
requested │‫( المرجو مَن فضلك ان‬min faḍlika)
‫ رحرح‬raḥraḥa: ‫( رحرح بالكلم‬kalām) to
approx.; I hope you will be kind enough to
equivocate, speak ambiguously, beat
...; ‫( المرجو مَراعاة ان‬murā‘ātu) please notice
around the bush
that …, attention is called to the fact that
… ‫ رحرح‬raḥraḥ and ‫ رحراح‬raḥrāḥ wide,
broad, flat; carefree, pleasant (life)
‫ رجي‬rajiya a to become silent; to remain
silent; pass. ‫( رجي عليه‬rujiya) to be tongue- ‫ رحض‬raḥaḍa a (raḥḍ) to rinse, wash
tied, be unable to utter a sound ‫ مَرحاض‬mirḥāḍ pl. ‫ مَراحض‬marāḥīḍ2
‫( رجيم‬Fr. régime) rijīm diet lavatory, toilet
‫ رحب‬raḥiba a (raḥab) and raḥuba u (ruḥb, ‫رحاب‬ ‫ رحيق‬raḥīq exquisite wine; nectar
‫ ة‬raḥāba) to be wide, spacious, roomy II 1
‫رحل‬raḥala a (‫ رحيل‬raḥīl) to set out; to depart,
to welcome (‫ ب‬s.o., also ‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., leave; to move away, emigrate; to start (‫عن‬
news), bid welcome (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to receive from a place) │ ‫( رجل يرحل ويقيم‬yuqīm) a
graciously, make welcome (‫ ب‬s.o.) V to man constantly on the go, a dynamic man
welcome (‫ ب‬s.o.), bid welcome (‫ ب‬to) II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) leave, induce or urge (‫ه‬
‫ رحب‬raḥb wide, spacious, roomy; s.o.) to depart; to evacuate (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to),
unconfined │ ‫ رحب الصدر‬r. aṣ-ṣadr resettle, relocate (‫ الى ه‬s.o. in); to deport (
generous, magnanimous; broad-minded, ‫ الى ه‬s.o. to); to allow (‫ ه‬s.o.) to emigrate;
open-minded, liberal; frank, candid, open- to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) travel clearance; to carry
hearted; carefree; ‫( صدر رحب‬raḥb) (passengers e. g., a ship); to transfer (‫هـ‬
generosity, magnanimity; open- s.th.); to transport, convey, forward (‫هـ‬
mindedness, broad-mindedness, liberality; s.th.); to dispatch, send out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
frankness, candor; ‫ رحب الباع‬generous, carry over, post (‫ هـ‬an item; bookkeeping);
openhanded, liberal; ‫ رحب الذراع‬do. to carry forward (‫ هـ‬the balance; bank) V
to wander, roam, migrate, lead a nomadic
‫ رحب‬ruḥb vastness, wideness,
life; to be evacuated VIII to set out, leave,
spaciousness unconfinedness │ ‫اتى على‬
depart; to move away, emigrate │ ‫ارتحل الى‬
‫( الرحب والسعة‬atā, ṣa‘a) to be welcome; ‫وجد‬
‫( رحمة ربه‬ilā raḥmati rabbihī) to pass
‫( رحبا وسعة‬sa‘atan) to met with a friendly
away, die
reception
‫ رحل‬raḥl pl. ‫ رحال‬riḥāl camel saddle;
‫ رحب‬raḥab vastness, wideness,
saddlebags; baggage, luggage; pl.
spaciousness, unconfinedness │‫رحب الصدر‬
stopping place, stop, stopover │‫شد الرحال‬
r. aṣ-ṣadr magnanimity, generosity;
(šadda) to set out, break camp; ‫القى رحاله‬
lightheartedness
alqā riḥālahū to stop (‫ في‬in, at)
‫ رحبة‬raḥba, raḥaba pl. -āt public square
‫ رحلة‬riḥla travel, journey; trip, tour;
(surrounded by buildings); (pl. raḥabāt
travelogue
and ‫ رحاب‬riḥāb) vastness, expanse │ ‫رحاب‬
‫ الكون‬and ‫ رحاب الفضاء‬r. al-faḍā’ vastness of ‫ رحلة‬ruḥla destination, place for which
outer space one is bound
‫ رحيب‬raḥīb = ‫ رحب‬raḥb ‫ رحيل‬raḥīl departure, setting out;
emigration; exodus; demise
‫ رحال‬raḥḥāl pl. ‫ رحل‬riḥal roving, ‫ رحمة‬raḥma pity, compassion; human
roaming, peregrinating, wandering, understanding, sympathy, kindness; mercy
migratory nomadic; -- (pl. ‫ رحالة‬raḥḥāla) │‫ كان تحت رحمته‬to be at s.o.’s mercy; ‫جعله‬
great traveler, explorer; nomad │ ‫الطيور‬ ‫ تحت رحمته‬to leave s.th. or s.o. to s.o.’s
‫ الرحالة‬migratory birds; (‫العراب )العربان‬ mercy; ‫ بساط الرحمة‬pall
‫‘( الرحل‬urbān) the nomadic Bedouins ‫ رحيم‬raḥīm pl. ‫ رحماء‬ruḥamā’ and ‫رحوم‬
‫ رحالة‬raḥḥāla great traveler, explorer; ruḥūm merciful, compassionate
globetrotter ‫ الرحمن‬ar-raḥmān the Merciful (i.e.,
‫ مَرحلة‬marḥala pl. ‫ مَراحل‬marāḥil2 a God)
day’s journey; leg of a journey; way ‫ مَرحمة‬marḥama pl. ‫ مَراحم‬marāḥim2 pity,
station; stage, phase │‫يزيد عليه بمراحل‬ compassion, sympathy; mercy
(yazīdu) it exceeds it by far; ‫في مَراحل حياتها‬
(ḥayātihā) throughout her life, in every ‫ ترحيم‬tarḥīm: ‫( ترحيم الموتى‬mautā) pl. ‫تراحي‬
stage of her life ‫ م‬tarāḥīm2 intercessory prayer for the dead
(Chr.)
‫ ترحال‬tarḥāl departure, setting out │ ‫حياة‬
‫ الترحال‬ḥayāt at-t. nomadic life ‫ استرحام‬istirḥām plea for mercy
‫ ترحيل‬tarḥīl emigration, exodus; ‫ مَرحوم‬marḥūm deceased, late, e.g., ‫المرحو‬
effectuation of (s.o.’s) departure; ‫ م السيد‬the late M. …
deportation; evacuation; resettlement; ‫ رحى‬raḥan f., pl. ‫ ارحاء‬arḥā’, ‫ رحى‬ruḥīy, ‫ارحية‬
transfer; moving; transport, transportation; arḥīya quern, hand mill │ ‫ حجر الرحى‬ḥajar
posting (of accounts); carrying forward ar-r. millotone; (‫دارت رحى الحرب )القتال‬
(fin.); dispatch │‫ ترحيل عمال‬t. ‘ummāl dārat r. l-ḥarb the war (fighting) broke
assignment (or detailing) of workmen out; the war (fighting) was going on
‫ ارتحال‬irtiḥāl departure, setting out; ‫ رحوى‬raḥawī rotating, rotatory
emigration, exodus; demise
‫ رحاوى‬raḥḥāy pl. -ūn grinder
‫ راحل‬rāḥil pl. ‫ رحل‬ruḥḥal departing
leaving, parting; traveling; (pl. -ūn) ‫ رخ‬raḳḳa u to mix with water, dilute (‫ هـ‬wine)
deceased, late, ‫ الفقيد الراحل‬the deceased ‫ رخ‬raḳḳ (n. un. ‫ )ة‬light shower
2
‫ راحلة‬raḥila pl. ‫ رواحل‬rawāḥil female ‫ رخ‬rukk roc, name of a fabulous giant
riding camel│‫( شد راحلته‬šadda) to saddle bird; (pl. ‫ رخخة‬rikaka) rook, castle (chess)
one’s camel, start out on a journey
‫ رخاخ‬rakāk soft (ground); comfortable,
‫ مَرحل‬muraḥḥal pl. -āt carry-over │ pleasant, easy (life)
‫ مَجموع مَرحل‬balance carried forward (fin.)
‫ رخص‬rakuṣa (rukṣ) to be cheap, inexpensive; (
2
‫ راحيل‬rāḥīl Rachel ‫ رخاصة‬rakāṣa) to be supple, tender, soft II
‫ رحم‬raḥima a (‫ رحمة‬raḥma, ‫ مَرحمة‬marḥama) to to permit, allow (‫ ل‬s.o. ‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬s.th.); to
have mercy (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), have compassion authorize, license (‫ ل‬s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬to do
(‫ ه‬for s.o.) ; to spare, let off (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be s.th.); to empower (‫ ل‬s.o.); to reduce the
merciful II ‫ رحم عليه‬to say to s.o.: ‫رحمك ا‬ price (‫ هـ‬of s.th.) IV to reduce the price (‫هـ‬
raḥimaka llāh may God have mercy upon of s.th.) V to be willing to please, meet on
you; to ask God to have mercy (‫ على‬upon fair term. (‫ مَع في‬s.o. in), show o.s. ready to
s.o.), plead for God’s mercy (‫ على‬for what compromise (‫ مَع‬with s.o. ‫ في‬in s.th.); to
has happened) V = II; VI to show human make concessions (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬in s.th.); to
understanding for one another, love and permit o.s. liberties, take liberties (‫ في‬in)
respect one another X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to X to find cheap, regard as inexpensive (‫هـ‬
have mercy 331 s.th.); to request s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬permission
‫ رحم‬raḥim, riḥm f., pl. ‫ ارحام‬arḥām ‫ رخص‬rakṣ supple, tender, soft
uterus; womb; relationship, kinship │ ‫ذوو‬ ‫ رخص‬rukṣ cheapness, inexpensiveness
‫ الَرحام‬dawū l-a. relatives on the maternal
side
‫ رخصة‬rukṣa pl. ‫ رخص‬rukaṣ permission; slump, sag, droop, become limp, flaccid,
concession, license, franchise; admission; flabby; to become loose, work loose; to
authorization; leave; permit │ ‫رخصة قيادة‬ soften, become soft; to relax, become
‫ السيارات‬r. qiyādat as-sayyārāt driving relaxed, unbend; to abate, let up; to
permit, operator’s license languish, nag, lose force or vigor X = VIII
‫ رخيص‬rakīṣ supple, tender, soft, cheap, ‫ رخو‬rakw, rikw loose, slack; limp,
inexpensive, low-priced; base, mean, low; flabby, flaccid; indolent, languid; soft;
trash, trumpery supple
‫ ترخيص‬tarkīṣ pl. -āt, ‫ تراخيص‬tarākīṣ2 ‫ رخاء‬rakā’ ease, comfort, happiness;
granting of permission; permission; prosperity; abundance, opulence (of
authorization; mandate; concession; living); welfare; fairness, lowness (of
license; price reduction, price cut prices)
‫ مَرتخص‬murtakiṣ low-priced, ‫ رخاء‬rukā’ gentle breeze
inexpensive, cheap │‫ كل مَرتخص وغال‬kullu ‫ رخاوة‬rakāwa softness; flaccidity,
murtakaṣin wa-gālin every conceivable limpness; laxity │‫ رخاوة العود‬r. al-‘ūd
effort, everything (in one’s power) weakness of character
‫ رخم‬rakuma u (‫ رخامَة‬rakāma) and rakama u to ‫ رخي‬rakīy feeble, weakened, languid;
be soft, mellow, gentle, pleasant (voice); relaxed, at ease; cozy, comfortable
(‫ رخمت بيضها )على بيضها‬rakamat baiḍahā
(‘alā baiḍihā) to sit on the eggs (hen) II to ‫ تراخ‬tarākin, limpness; slackness;
soften, mellow (‫ هـ‬the voice); to apocopate languor, lassitude; abatement, mitigation,
(‫ هـ‬a word); to tile with marble (‫ هـ‬the letup; relaxation; loosening, looseness
floor) ‫ ارتخاء‬irtikā’ loosening, slackening;
‫ رخم‬rakam (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬Egyptian looseness, slackness; laxity; abatement
vulture (Neophron percnopterus; zool.) mitigation, letup; ease, relaxedness;
relaxation; limpness; languor, lassitude
‫ رخام‬rukām marble
‫ استرخاء‬istirkā’ = ‫ ارتخاء‬irtikā’
‫ رخام‬rukāma pl. -āt marble slab
‫ راخ‬rākin sagging, drooping
‫ رخيم‬rakīm soft, mellow, pleasant,
melodious (voice); O note lowered by a ‫ مَتراخ‬mutarākin limp, flaccid, flabby;
semitone, flat (mus.) 332 drooping; languid; negligent, indolent,
slack
‫ ترخيم‬tarkīm shortening, apocopation, esp. of a
name in the vocative by elision of the final ‫ رد‬radda u (radd) to send back; to bring back,
consonant (gram.) take back (‫ ه‬,‫ الى هـ‬s.o., s.th. to); to return (
‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to its place). put back, lay back (
(‫ رخو‬and ‫ رخو )رخي‬rakuwa u and ‫ رخي‬rakiya a ‫ الى هـ‬s.th. in its place); to throw back,
(‫ رخاوة‬rakāwa, ‫ رخاء‬rakā’) to be or become repel, drive back, drive away (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
loose, slack, relaxed; to slacken, slump, resist, oppose (‫ ه‬s.o.); to turn down, refuse,
sag, relax; -- ‫ رخاء‬rakā’ u (‫ رخاء‬rakā’): ‫رخا‬ decline (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., the fulfillment of a
‫‘( عيشه‬aišuhū) to live in easy wish); to ward off, parry, repel (‫هجومَا‬
circumstances, live in opulence IV to hujūman an attack); to reject (‫تهمة‬
loosen, slacken (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to relax (‫ هـ‬s.th.); tuhmatan a suspicion); to hand back, give
to let go (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to lower, drop, let down back, return, restore (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ الى‬to s.o.); to
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to slacken, sag, droop, become return (‫ السلم‬as-salāma the greeting); to
limp; to show little energy or zeal, let up, reply (‫ على‬to s.o.), answer (‫ على‬s.o.); to
become lax, be remiss (‫ عن‬in s.th.); to go reflect (‫ هـ‬light); to throw back, echo (‫هـ‬
down, slump (prices); to lag, become dull the voice); to refute, disprove (‫ على‬s.th.);
or listless (stock market); to diminish, to hold back, keep, restrain (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from
flag, wane, ebb, decrease; to desist (‫عن‬ s.th.); to dissuade (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from), prevail
from); to be lowered, drop, fall (curtain); upon s.o. (‫ )ه‬not to do s.th. (‫ ;)عن‬to trace
to be delayed, be retarded VIII to slacken, back, attribute (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to an origin); to
bring, yield ( ‫ هـ على‬s.th. to s.o.); to refusal; rejection; reply, answer; reflection
reappoint, reinstate (‫ ه ه‬s.o. as, e.g., ‫حاكما‬ (e.g., of light); refutation; attribution (‫الى‬
ḥākiman as governor) │‫ رد الباب‬to close to) │‫ رد الفعل‬al-fi‘l reaction; ‫رد الَعتبار‬
the door; ‫( رد جوابا‬jawāban) to answer; ‫مَا‬ rehabilitation; ‫( ردا على‬raddan) in reply
‫ يرد هذا عليك شيئا‬this won’t help you at all; َ‫ل‬ to ...; ‫ اخذ ورد‬see ‫ أخذ‬akada
‫( يرد‬yuraddu) irrefutable; ‫رده على عقبيه‬ ‫ ردة‬radda ugliness; reverberation, echo;
(‘aqibaih) pl. ‫( ردهم على اعقابهم‬a‘qābihim) bran
to drive s.o. back to where he came from;
‫‘( رد عينه عنه‬ainahū) he averted his eyes ‫ ردة‬ridda apostasy (‫ عن الَسلم‬or from
from it II to keep away, avert, prevent, Islam)
stave off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to repel, throw back (,‫هـ‬ ‫ ارد‬aradd2 more useful, more profitable
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.); to repeat (constantly, (‫ على‬to s.o.)
frequently); to break forth, burst (‫ هـ‬into,
e.g., into singing), strike up, intone, let ‫ مَرد‬maradd fact to which s.th. is
ring out (‫ هـ‬a tune, or the like) │‫ردد الصدى‬ attributable, underlying factor or reason;
(ṣadā) to return the echo; ‫ردد النظر في‬ averting, rejection, repulsion; responsory
(naẓara) to look at s.th. again and again; (Chr.) │‫( لَ مَرد له‬maradda) irresistible;
333 ‫( ردد طرفه بين‬ṭarafahū) to let one’s ‫( مَرده الى‬maradduhū) it is attributable to ...,
eyes wander between, look first at one, one must ascribe it to ‫لَ مَرد له الَ براعته‬
then at the other V to be thrown back, be (maradda, barā‘atuhū) it can only be
reflected (voice, echo); to ring out attributed to his efficiency; ‫كان على مَرد لسانه‬
(shouts); to shift repeatedly (wind); to (maraddi lisānihi) to be constantly on
come and go (‫ على‬at s.o.’s house; rarely s.o.’s lips, be a standing phrase with s.o.
‫)الى‬, frequent, visit frequently (‫ على‬s.o.’s ‫ ترداد‬tardād frequent repetition;
house, a place; rarely ‫ ;)الى‬to return, recur; frequentation
to hesitate, be reluctant (‫ في‬in s.th., to do
s.th.); to waver, become uncertain, ‫ ترديد‬tardīd repetition, reiteration
become doubtful ‫ في‬in s.th. or as to s.th.) ‫ تردد‬taraddud frequent coming and
│‫( تردد على اللسنة‬alsina) to be frequently going, frequentation; frequency (el.);
diocussed (question) VIII to withdraw, hesitation, irresolution, indecision,
retreat, fall back; to move backward, wavering; reluctance
retrogress; to go back, return, revert (‫الى‬
‫ ارتداد‬irtidād retreat, withdrawal;
to); to fall back (‫ الى‬on); to go away,
retrogression; renunciation, desertion;
absent o.s.; to desist, refrain (‫ عن‬from),
apostasy (‫ عن الَسلم‬from Islam) │ ‫كارتداد‬
renounce, give up, abandon, quit, leave (or
‫ الطرف‬ka-rtidādi ṭ-ṭarf in the twinkling of
s.th.); to forsake, desert (or one’s faith,
an eye, in a jiffy
one’s principles, etc.), apostatize, fall off (
‫ عن‬from) │‫‘( ارتد على عقبيه‬aqbaihi), pl. ‫ استرداد‬istirdād reclamation, claim of
‫( ارتدوا على اعقابهم‬a’qābihim) to withdraw, restitution, vindication (Isl. Law);
turn back X to reclaim, demand back, call recovery, retrieval; retraction, withdrawal;
in (‫ هـ‬s.th.), demand the return (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); refundment, reimbursement; withdrawal,
to bring back, lead back (‫ ه الى‬s.o. to); to taking out (of money, from an account)
get back (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to retrieve, recover, ‫ مَردود‬mardūd yield, return(s)
regain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to withdraw (e.g., ‫يده‬
yadahū one’s hand; also fig., e.g., ‫استقالته‬ ‫ مَرتد‬murtadd turncoat, renegade,
istiqālatahū one’s resignation); to apostate
withdraw, take out (‫ هـ‬money, from an 1
‫ ردأ‬rada’a a (rad’) to support, prop, shore up
account, from a bank) │‫استرد انفاسه‬ (‫ هـ‬a wall)
(anfāsahu) to catch one’s breath
‫ ردء‬rid’ pl. ‫ ارداء‬ardā’ support; help,
‫ رد‬radd pl. ‫ ردود‬rudūd return; helper
restoration, restitution; refund, 2
reimbursement; repayment, requital; ‫ ردؤ‬radu’a u (‫ رداءة‬radā’a) to be bad V to
repulsion; warding off, parrying; denial, become bad, be spoiled
‫ رديء‬radī’ pl. ‫ اردياء‬ardiyā’2 bad; mean, ‫ ترادف‬tarāduf succession; synonymity
base, vile; evil, wicked; vicious, 334 ‫ مَرادف‬murādif synonym (of a word);
malicious │‫ رديء السمعة‬r. as-sum‘a of ill synonymous, consignificant (‫ ل‬with);
repute corresponding in meaning, analogous
‫ اردأ‬arda’2 worse; more wicked ‫ مَترادف‬mutarādif synonymous; ‫مَترادفات‬
‫ رداءة‬radā’a badness; wickedness; synonyms
viciousness, maliciousness ‫ ردم‬radama i u (radm) to fill up with earth (‫هـ‬
‫ اردب‬irdabb (now commonly pronounced pit, pond) II to repair, fix, mend IV not to
ardabb) pl. ‫ ارادب‬arādib2 ardeb, a dry leave (‫ على‬s.o.), cling (‫ على‬to s.o.; said of
measure (Eg.; = 1981) disease) V to be mended, be repaired; to
repair, mend (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be worn, show
‫ اردب‬irdabba cesspool
signs of wear
‫ ردح‬radaḥ long period of time │‫ردحا مَن الهر‬
‫ ردم‬radm filling up (of swamps, ponds,
radaḥan min ad-dahr for a long time
etc.); rubble, debris; dam
‫ ردس‬radasa i u (rads) to crush (‫هـ‬. s.th.); to
‫ رديم‬radīm worn, shabby, threadbare
roll smooth, level by rolling (‫ هـ‬ground)
(garment)
‫ ردع‬rada‘a a (rad‘) to keep, prevent (‫ ه عن‬s.o.
from) VIII to be kept, be prevented (‫عن‬ ‫ ردن‬radana i (radn) to spin; to purr (cat); to
grumble (‫ على‬at)
from)
‫ ردن‬rudn pl. ‫ اردان‬ardān sleeve
‫ رادع‬rādi‘ deterring; (pl. ‫ روادع‬rawādi‘)
deterrent; impediment, obstacle, handicap; ‫ ردينى‬rudainī spear (originally epithet
restriction, limitation, curb, check; for one of superior quality)
inhibition (psych.) ‫ مَردن‬mirdan pl. ‫ مَرادن‬marādin2 spindle
‫ ردغة‬radga, radaga mud, mire, slush ‫( ردنجوت‬Fr. redingote) redengōt frock coat,
‫ ردف‬radafa u (radf) and radifa a to come next, Prince Albert
come immediately after s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)هـ‬, ‫ ردهة‬radha hall; large room, sitting room,
follow, succeed (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to ride parlor; lobby; entrance hall, vestibule │
behind s.o. (‫ ه‬on the same animal); to be ‫ ردهة الَستقبال‬reception hall, drawing room,
the substitute (‫ ه‬of s.o.), replace (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫هـ‬ parlor ‫ ردهة المحاضرة‬r. al-muḥāḍarāt
s.th.); to be synonymous (‫ هـ‬with) IV to lecture room
seat (‫ ه‬s.o.) behind one (on an animal); to
make (‫ ه‬s.th.) be followed (‫ ب‬by s.th. ‫ ردي‬radiya a (‫ ردى‬radan) to perish, be
else); to complement, complete (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. destroyed II to bring to the ground (‫ ه‬s.o.),
with or by) VI to follow one another, bring about the fan of (‫ )ه‬IV to bring to the
come in succession; to pile up in layers, ground (‫ ه‬s.o.), bring about the fall of (‫;)ه‬
become stratified; to form a single line; to to destroy, ruin (‫ ه‬s.o.); to fell 335 (‫ ه‬s.o.);
flock, throng (‫ على‬to); to be synonymous to kill (‫ ه‬s.o.) │‫( اراده قتيل‬qatīlan) to fell
s.o. with a deadly blow V to fall, tumble;
‫ ردف‬ridf pl. ‫ ارداف‬ardāf rear man to decline, fall off, come down, go from
(riding on the same animal); one who or bad to worse; to deteriorate, become
that which is subsequent, follows, comes worse; to clothe o.s. (‫ ب‬with), put on (‫ ب‬a
next; posteriors, backside, rump; garment) VIII to put on (‫ هـ‬a garment or
haunches, croup (of an animal); dual: headgear); to wear (‫ هـ‬a garment, a
‫ الردفان‬ar-ridfān day and night headgear), be clothed, be clad (‫ هـ‬in) │
‫ رداف‬ridāf croup, rump (of an animal) ‫( ارتدى مَلبسه‬malābisahū) to put on one’s
clothes, dress, get dressed
‫ رديف‬radīf rear man, one following next
in line; redif, reserve (in the army of the ‫ ردى‬radan ruin, destruction
former Turkish Empire) ‫ رداء‬ridā’ pl. ‫ اردية‬ardiya loose outer
‫ رديفة‬radīfa fem. of ‫رديف‬ garment, cloak, robe; (lady’s) dress, gown;
attire, costume │‫ رداء المساء‬al-masā’ ‫ مَرزاب‬mirzāb pl. ‫ مَرازيب‬marāzīb2
evening gown waterspout, gargoyle; (roof) gutter
‫ مَترد‬mutaraddin dressed ‫ رزح‬razaḥa a (‫ رزوح‬ruzūḥ, ‫ رزاح‬ruzāḥ, razāḥ)
to succumb, collapse, sink to the ground
‫ رذ‬radda u: ‫( رذت السماء‬samā’) and IV there
(under a burden); to descend, hover (e.g.,
was a drizzle, it drizzled
silence) III to suffer
‫ رذاذ‬radād drizzle
‫ مَرزغ‬marzig muddy, boggy, miry
‫ رذل‬radila a and radula u (‫ رذالة‬radāla) to be
‫ رزق‬razaqa u to provide with the means of
low, base. vile. despicable. Contemptible;
subsistence (‫ ه‬s.o.; said of God); to bestow
-- radala u (radl) to reject, cast off,
(‫ ه هـ‬upon s.o. s.th., material or spiritual
discard, repudiate, disown (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.);
possessions; said of God), endow (‫ ه هـ‬s.o.
to despise, disdain, scorn (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o. s.th.);
with); to bless (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. with, esp. ‫مَولودا‬
to disapprove (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of) IV to reject, cast
with a child); -- pass. ruziqa to be
off, discard, repudiate, disown (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
endowed (‫ هـ‬with); to live VIII to make a
s.th.) X to regard as low or despicable ( ,‫هـ‬
living, gain one’s livelihood; to live (‫ مَن‬on
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.)
or by s.th.) X to seek one’s livelihood; to
‫ رذل‬radl rejection; repudiation; (pl. ask for the means of subsistence
‫ رذول‬rudūl, ‫ ارذال‬ardāl) low, base, mean,
‫ رزق‬rizq pl. ‫ ارزاق‬arzāq livelihood,
vile, despicable, contemptible
means of living, subsistence; daily bread,
‫ رذيل‬radīl pl. ‫ رذلَء‬rudalā’ low, base, nourishment, sustenance; boon, blessing
mean, vile, despicable, contemptible, 336 (of God); property, possessions,
depraved wealth, fortune; income; pay, wages │
‫ رذالة‬radāla lowness, baseness, ‫ ارزاق ناشفة‬dry rations, emergency rations
meanness, vileness, depravity (mil.)

‫ رذالة‬radīla pl. ‫ رذائل‬radā’il vice; ‫ الرازق‬ar-rāziq the Maintainer, the


depravity Provider (one of the 99 attributes of God)

‫ مَرذول‬mardūl depraved, despicable, ‫ ارترزاق‬istirzāq independent livelihood, self-


mean, base, vile, evil, wicked support
1
‫ رز‬ruzz (= ‫ )ارز‬aruzz) rice ‫ مَرزوق‬marzūq blessed (by God), fortunate,
2
prosperous, successful
‫ رز‬razza u (razz) to insert, drive in (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II
to burnish, polish (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to telephone ‫ مَرتزق‬murtaziq hired, hireling, mercenary,
kept
‫ رزة‬razza pl. -āt staple, U bolt; ring
screw; joint pin ‫ مَرتزقة‬murtaziqa kept persons, hangers-on;
mercenaries
O ‫ ارزيز‬irzīz telephone
‫ مَرتزق‬murtazaq means of subsistence,
‫ رزأ‬raza’a a (‫ رزء‬raz’) to deprive (‫ في‬or ‫ه هـ‬ livelihood, living
s.o. of s.th.); pass. ‫ رزئ‬ruzi’a to incur or
suffer loss; to lose (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be afflicted ‫ رزم‬razama i u (razm) to bundle, bale, pack,
(‫ ب‬by) wrap up (‫ هـ‬s.th.)

‫ رزء‬ruz’ pl. ‫ ارزاء‬arzā’ heavy loss, ‫ رزمَة‬rizma pl. ‫ رزم‬rizam bundle; bale, pack;
serious damage; disaster, calamity parcel, package; ream (of paper)

‫ رزيئة‬razī’a and ‫ رزية‬razīya pl. ‫رزايا‬ ‫ رزن‬razuna u (‫ رزانة‬razāna) to be grave,


razāyā heavy loss, serious damage; serious, sedate, staid, calm, composed,
disaster, calamity self-possessed V to display grave or sedate
manners, show o.s. calm, composed, self-
‫ رزب‬razaba u (razb) to keep, stick, cling (‫هـ‬ possessed
to)
‫ رزين‬razīn grave, serious, sedate, staid;
‫ مَرزبة‬mirzabba pl. ‫ مَرازب‬marāzib2 iron rod composed, calm, self-possessed
‫ رزانة‬razana gravity, sedateness, ‫ راسخ‬rāsiq, firmly established, deep-
staidness; composure, self-possession, rooted; grounded, firmly fixed, stable;
poise conversant (‫ في‬with s.th.), thoroughly
versed, completely at home (‫ في‬in a field)
‫ رزنامَة‬ruznāma see ‫روزنامَة‬
‫ رسراس‬risrās (eg.) glue, adhesive, specif., one
‫ رزية‬pl. ‫ رزايا‬see ‫رزيئة‬
for pasting leather, made of a yellow
‫ رسيس‬rasīs covered with verdigris powder 337
‫ رسب‬rasaba u (‫ رسوب‬rusūb) to sink to the ‫ رسغ‬rusg pl. ‫ ارساغ‬arsāg, ‫ ارسغ‬arsug wrist
bottom, settle, subside (esp., in water); to
‫ رسف‬rasafa u i to go in shackles; to be bound;
fail, dunk (in an examination) II to cause
to be moored (ship)
to settle (‫ هـ‬s.th., in a liquid), deposit (‫ هـ‬a
sediment); to precipitate (‫ هـ‬s.th.; chem.) V ‫ رسل‬rasila a (rasal) to be long and flowing
to settle, subside, be deposited; to (hair) III to correspond, carry on a
precipitate (chem.) correspondence, exchange letters (‫ ه‬with
s.o.); to contact (‫ ه‬s.o.), get in touch (‫ ه‬with
‫ رسوب‬rusūb sediment, deposit; lees,
s.o.) IV to send out, dispatch (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
dregs, settlings; precipitate (chem.);
s.o., s.th. ‫الى‬, also ‫ل‬, to); to send off, send
failure (in an examination)
away (‫ ب‬or ‫هـ‬, .s.o., s.th. ‫الى‬, also ‫ل‬, to); to
‫ ترسيب‬tarsīb sedimentation; send, forward, ship (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th. ‫الى‬, also
precipitation (chem.) ‫ل‬, to); to send, transmit (radio); to release,
‫ راسب‬rāsib pl. ‫ رواسب‬rawāsib2 let go (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to set free (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
sediment, deposit; dregs, lees, settlings; discharge (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pour forth, vent (‫هـ‬
precipitate (chem.); residue s.th.), give vent (‫ هـ‬to); to utter (‫ هـ‬words);
to shed (‫ هـ‬tears); to let (‫ هـ‬the hair) hang
‫ رستامَية‬rustāmīya to tidy, arrange well, put in down, let it fall (‫ على‬on) │‫ارسل في طلبه‬
order (‫ هـ‬s.th.) (ṭalabihī) to send for s.o.; َ‫ارسل الكلم ارسال‬
‫ رستق‬rastaqa to tidy, arrange well, put in order (al-kalāma irsālan) to speak without
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) restraint, talk freely; ‫ارسل نفسه مَع طبيعتها‬
(nafsahū) to yield to one’s natural
‫ روستو‬,‫( رستو‬It. arrosto) rostō roast meat impulse, do the natural thing; ‫ارسل على‬
‫( رستوران‬Fr. restaurant) restorān restaurant ‫( سجيته‬sajīyatihī) to make s.o. feel at home;
‫( ارسل نفسه على سجيتها‬nafsahū) to feel at
‫ مَرسح‬marsaḥ (= ‫ )مَسرح‬pl. ‫ مَراسح‬marāsiḥ2
home, let o.s. go V to proceed leisurely,
theater, playhouse; stage; party, social
take one’s time (‫ في‬in s.th.); to hang down,
gathering
be long and flowing (hair) VI to keep up a
‫ مَرسحي‬marsaḥī social, party (used correspondence, exchange letters; to send
attributively); formal (dress) to one another, exchange (‫ ب‬s.th.) X to ask
‫ رسخ‬rasaka u (‫ رسوخ‬rusūk) to be firmly (‫ مَن‬s.o.) to send (‫ هـ‬s.th.), have s.o. (‫)مَن‬
established, be deeply rooted (‫ في‬in s.th.); send (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be relaxed, at ease, free
to be firm, solid, stable; to be conversant, from restraint; to be long and flowing
be thoroughly familiar (‫ في‬with s.th.), be (hair); to be friendly, affable, intimate,
well versed, be at home (‫ في‬in s.th., in a chummy (‫ الى‬with s.o.); to act naturally,
field); to seep in; to permeate (‫ في‬a fabric); without affectation; to let o.s. go; to
to become fast (color or dyes in a fabric) enlarge (‫ في الكلم‬fī l-kalām in discourse,
II and IV to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) take root(s), i.e., to talk at length); to abandon o.s., give
establish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to implant (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to o.s. up (‫ في‬to s.th., also ‫ مَع‬or ‫ ;)الى‬to persist
secure, make fast, fix firmly, ground (‫هـ‬ (‫ في‬in s.th.), keep up (‫ في‬s.th.)
s.th.) │‫( ارسخ الشيء في ذهنه‬dihnihī) to ‫ رسل‬rasl easy, gentle, leisurely (pace,
impress or inculcate s.th. upon s.o. gait); loose, slack, relaxed; long and
‫ ارسخ‬arsaka more firmly established, flowing (hair)
more deeply rooted │‫( ارسخ قدمَا‬qadaman) ‫ رسل‬risl moderation │‫ !على رسلك‬slowly!
do. gently! take it easy!
‫ رسيل‬rasīl pl. ‫ رسلء‬rusalā’2 messenger; (Chr.); incompletely transmitted (of a
runner (mil.) Prophetic tradition resting on a chain of
authorities that goes no further back
‫ رسول‬rasūl pl. ‫ رسل‬rusul messenger;
than the 2nd generation after the
emissary; envoy, delegate; apostle (Chr.);
Prophet) │‫ المرسل اليه‬recipient,
‫ الرسول‬or ‫ رسول ا‬the Messenger of God
addressee (of a letter); consignee; ‫كلم‬
(i.e., Mohammed)
‫( مَرسل‬kalām) prose
‫ رسولي‬rasūlī apostolic, papal (Chr.) │
‫ مَرسلية‬mursalīya mission
‫( البركة الرسولية‬baraka) apostolic
benediction; ‫( السدة الرسولية‬sudda) the Holy ‫ مَسترسل‬mustarsil loose, flowing (hair);
See; ‫ قاصد رسولي‬apostolic delegate friendly, affable; intimate, chummy;
devoted, given up (‫ في‬or ‫ مَع‬to s.th.)
‫ رسالة‬risāla pl. -āt, ‫ رسائل‬rasā’l2
consignment, shipment; mail item; ‫ رسم‬rasama u (rasm) to draw, trace (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
(written) communication, (written) report; sketch (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to describe (‫ هـ‬e.g., a
missive; letter, note; epistle; dispatch; circle); to paint (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to record, put
message; treatise; radio message; (pl. -āt) down in writing (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to enter, mark,
mission, calling, vocation │‫رسالة برقية‬ indicate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to sketch, outline (‫هـ‬
(barqīya) telegram; ‫( رسالة غرامَية‬garāmīya) s.th.; fig.); to describe, depict, portray,
love letter; ‫( رسالة مَسجلة‬musajjala) picture (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make, work out,
registered letter conceive (‫ خطة‬kiṭṭatan a plan); to
prescribe (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل هـ‬to s.o. s.th.), lay down
‫ رسيلت‬rusailāt: ‫القى الخبر على رسيلته‬
as a rule (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل هـ‬for s.o. s.th.); to ordain
(kabara) he didn’t take the matter
(‫ ه‬a priest; Chr.) │‫ رسم شارة الصليب‬to make
seriously
the sign of the cross, cross o.s. (Chr.) II to
O ‫ مَرسال‬mirsāl: ‫ مَرسال نور‬m. nūr, pl. -āt enter, mark, indicate (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ في‬in); to
searchlight appoint to a public office (‫ هـ‬s.o.; tun.) V
‫ مَراسلة‬murāsala exchange of letters, to follow (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. s.o.’s footsteps, an
correspondence; note, message, letter, example, etc.); to be appointed to a public
communication; orderly (mil.) office (tun.) VIII to come out, find visible
expression; to be traced, engraved,
‫ ارسال‬irsāl sending, forwarding, inscribed, written; to impress itself, leave
shipping, dispatch an impression (‫ على‬on); to be ordained, be
‫ ارسالية‬irsālīya pl. -āt consignment; mail introduced into the office of the ministry
item; shipment; transport; (mil.) (priest; Chr.); to make the sign of the
expedition; mission cross (Chr.)
‫ ترسل‬tarassul art of letter writing ‫ رسم‬rasm drawing (e.g., as a subject in
school); -- (pl. ‫ رسوم‬rusūm, ‫رسومَات‬
‫ استرسال‬istirsāl ease, naturalness, rusūmāt) a drawing; sketch; graph;
relaxedness; abandon; elaboration, picture; photograph; illustration; pattern
expatiation (e.g., on a fabric); -- (pl. ‫ )رسوم‬trace,
‫ مَراسل‬murāsil pl. -ūn correspondent, impression) designation, mark;
reporter (of a newspaper) │‫مَراسل حربي‬ inscription, legend; record, notes;
(ḥarbī) war correspondent; ‫مَراسل خاص‬ (official) document, (legal) instrument;
(kāṣṣ) 338 special correspondent; ‫مَراسل‬ writing; design; prescription, regulation;
‫( رياضي‬riyāḍī) sports reporter ceremony, form, formality; rate, fee, tax,
due │‫ برسم‬bi-rasmi intended for, care of
‫ مَرسل‬mursil sender (of a letter); consignor;
(c/o), for; ‫ اخذ الرسم‬akd ar-r. taking of a
O transmitter (radio)
picture; ‫( رسم بياني‬bayānī) illustrative
O ‫ مَرسلة‬mursala pl. -āt transmitter (radio) figure, diagram (in a book); ‫رسم الدخول‬
‫ مَرسل‬mursal sent, forwarded; dispatched; admission fee; ‫( رسم دخولي‬dukūlī) import
delegated; transmitted (radio); long and duty, tariff; ‫( رسم شمسي‬šamsī) photograph;
flowing (hair); (pl. -ūn) millionary ‫ رسم عمومَي‬layout, ground plan (arch.); ‫رسم‬
‫ تفصيلي‬detail drawing; ‫( رسم قلبي‬qalbī)
cardiogram; ‫( رسوم قيدية‬qaidīya) (‫ رسا )رسو‬rasā u (rasw) to be firm, stable,
registration fees; ‫ رسم النتاج‬r. al-intāj steady; to anchor (‫ على‬off a coast), cast
excise tax; ‫( رسم قيمي‬qaimī) ad valorem anchor, land, dock; to ride at anchor (‫على‬
duty; ‫( رسم هزلي‬hazalī) caricature, cartoon off a coast, ‫ في‬in a harbor); to disembark,
land (‫ ب‬s.o.; ship); to come or go
‫ رسمي‬official, formal, conventional;
eventually (‫ على‬to), land (‫ على‬with) │ ‫رسا‬
ceremonial; official, officeholder, public
‫( عليه المزاد‬mazād) it was knocked down to
servant; ‫ رسميا‬ramīyan officially; ‫رسميات‬
him (at an auction); ‫رست عليه المناقصة‬
rasmīyāt formalities; ceremonies,
(munāqaṣa) the commission or contract
ceremonial, ritual; rules, regulations │
went to him (after an invitation to submit
‫ رجال رسمية‬officials; ‫ مَلبس رسمية‬official
tenders) IV to make fast, fix firmly (‫هـ‬
dress; court dress; ‫ ثياب رسمية‬uniforms; ‫شبه‬
s.th.); to anchor, place at anchor (‫ هـ‬a ship)
‫ رسمية‬šibh r. and ‫ شبيه بالرسمي‬semi-official;
‫ نصف رسمي‬niṣfu r. do.; ‫ غير رسمي‬gairu r. ‫ مَرسى‬marsan pl. ‫ مَراس‬marāsin
unofficial anchorage │‫ مَرسى مَطروح‬Mersa Matrûh
(village in NW Egypt, on Mediterranean
‫ رسام‬rassām pl. -āt draftsman; painter,
coast)
artist
‫ مَرساة‬mirsāh pl. ‫ مَراس‬marāsin anchor
‫ رسامَة‬risāma, rasāma ordination,
consecration (of a priest; Chr.) ‫ راس‬rāsin pl. ‫ رواس‬rawāsin fixed,
2 stationary, immovable, firm, steady,
‫ روسم‬rausam pl. ‫ رواسم‬rawāsim O
stable, firmly established; anchored, at
cliché (Syr.)
anchor; pl. ‫ راسيات‬rāsiyāt, ‫ رواس‬rawāsin
‫ مَرسم‬marsam studio (of an artist) towering, unshakable mountains
‫ مَراسم‬marāsim2 ceremonies, ‫ رسا =( رسى‬see above) to anchor
ceremonial, ritual; etiquette, protocol
‫ رش‬rašša u (rašš) to spatter, splash, spurt (‫ هـ‬a
(dipl.); customs; principles; regulations │
liquid); to spray (‫ هـ‬a liquid); to sprinkle (
‫ مَدير ادارة المراسم‬mudīr idārat al-m. and
‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with, ‫ على‬on); to splatter, spatter,
339 ‫ رئيس المراسم‬chief of protocol (dipl.);
bespatter (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with water, etc.); to
‫ مَراسم التتويج‬coronation ceremonies; ‫مَراسم‬
water (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ التشريفات‬court etiquette
‫ رش‬rašš sprinkling; watering;
‫ ترسم‬tarassum design, planning
splattering, spattering; spraying; buckshot
‫ ارتسام‬irtisām pl. -āt (visible) │‫ مَصلحة الرش والكنس‬maṣlaḥat ar-r. wa-l-
expression, manifestation (e.g., of a kans street-cleaning department; ‫عربة الرش‬
feeling, of an emotion on s.o.’s face) ‘arabat ar-r. watering cart, sprinkler; ‫رمَى‬
‫ مَرسوم‬marsūm drawn, traced, sketched; ‫ رشا‬to fire in bursts (mil.)
painted; recorded in writing, written; ‫ رشة‬rašša light drizzle
designed, planned; decreed, ordered; --
‫ رشاش‬raššāš spattered liquid; drizzle,
(pl. ‫ مَراسيم‬marāsīm2) decree; act, edict;
dribble (esp. fig.)
regulation, ordinance (‫ ب‬regarding); ‫مَراسيم‬
ceremonies, ceremonial, ritual; etiquette; ‫ رشاش‬raššāš pl. -āt water hose;
regulations │‫( مَرسوم بقانون‬bi-qānūn) machine gun │‫( مَدفع رشاش‬midfa‘) machine
enactment, statute, ordinance (Eg.); ‫مَرسوم‬ gun; ‫( مَسدس رشاش‬musaddas) pl. ‫مَسدسات‬
‫( تشريعي‬tašrī‘ī) and ‫( مَرسوم اشتراعي‬ištirā‘ī; ‫ رشاشة‬submachine gun, Tommy gun
Pal., Syr.) do.; ‫ مَدير المراسيم‬mudīr al-m. ‫ رشاشة‬raššāša pl. -āt perfume spray,
chief of protocol (dipl.) atomizer; O watering can; shower, douche
□ ‫ رسمال‬rasmāl pl. ‫ رسامَيل‬rasāmīl2 = ‫رأس مَال‬ (Mor.)
capital (fin.) O ‫ مَرشة‬mirašša watering can
‫ رسن‬rasana pl. ‫ ارسن‬arson, ‫ ارسان‬arsān, ‫ارسنة‬ ‫ رشح‬rašaḥa a (rašḥ) to sweat, perspire; to leak,
arnsina halter be leaky (vessel); to filter, strain, percolate
(‫ هـ‬a liquid) II to raise, rear, bring up (‫ ه‬a
child); to train, prepare (‫ ه‬s.o.); to s.o.), ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬advice, seek guidance (‫ه‬
nominate, put up as a candidate (. s.o., ‫ل‬ from s.o.); to be guided (‫ ب‬by)
for, e.g., for an office), (with ‫ نفسه‬nafsahū) ‫ رشد‬rušd integrity of (one’s) actions,
to be a candidate, apply (‫ ل‬for an offioe. proper, sensible conduct; reason, good
etc.); to filter (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be reared, be sense, senses; consciousness; maturity (of
brought up; to be suited, qualified, trained the mind) │‫ سن الرشد‬sinn ar-r. majority,
(‫ ل‬for s.th.); to be nominated as a full legal age; ‫( بلغ رشده‬rušdahū) to come
candidate, be a nominee (‫ ل‬for s.th.); to of age; ‫ ثاب الى رشده‬to come to one’s
catch a cold senses, calm, down, sober up; ‫ ضاع رشده‬to
‫ رشح‬rašḥ secretion (of a fluid); go out of one’s mind; ‫ ذهب برشده‬to drive
perspiration, sweating; leaking, leakiness; s.o. mad (pain)
filtering, filtration, percolation; oozing, ‫ رشد‬rašad integrity of conduct,
trickling; cold, catarrh 340 straightforwardness, forthrightness
‫ رشاحة‬rušāḥa transudate, transudation ‫ رشاد‬rašād integrity of conduct; reason,
(med.) good sense, senses; maturity; garden
‫ ترشيح‬taršīḥ training, preparation; peppergrass (Lepidium sativum L.; bot.)
nomination (as a candidate, for election); ‫ رشيد‬rašīd rightly guided, following the
(= ‫ )ترشيح نفسه‬candidacy, candidature; right way; having the true faith;
election; concession reasonable, rational, intelligent,
‫ ترشح‬taraššuḥ infiltration (med.) discriminating, discerning; mature; (pl.
‫ رشداء‬rušadā’) of full legal age, major;
‫ ارتشاح‬irtišāḥ infiltration (med.)
Rosetta (city in N Egypt)
‫ مَرشح‬muraššiḥ pl. -āt filter; percolator;
‫ مَراشيد‬marāšid2 where the right way
filtering installation; purification plant
leads to; salvation
‫ مَرشح‬muraššaḥ pl. -ūn candidate,
‫ ترشيد‬taršīd a declaring (s.o.) of age
nominee; having a cold
(jur.)
‫ مَترشح‬mutaraššiḥ pl. -ūn candidate,
‫ ارشاد‬iršād guidance; a conducting,
nominee
showing the way (‫ الى‬to); guiding hand;
‫ رشد‬rašada u (rušd) to be on the right way, care; spiritual guidance; instruction;
follow the right course, be well guided, direction; directive; information; advising,
not go astray (esp., in religious matters); advice; pl. ‫ )ارشادات‬directives, directions,
to have the true faith, be a true believer; to instructions, advice │‫ بإرشاده‬on his
become sensible, become mature, grow instructions, following his direction; ‫وزارة‬
up; to come of age II to lead the right way, ‫ الرشاد القومَي‬wizārat al-i. al-qaumī
guide well (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to lead the right Ministry of National Guidance (Eg.)
way, guide well (‫ ه‬s.o.); to load, guide,
‫ شعر ارشادي‬ši‘r iršādī didactic poetry
direct (‫ • الى‬s.o. to s.th.), show (‫ ه‬s.o.) the
way (‫ الى‬to; fig.); to lead s.o. (‫ )ه‬to the ‫ راشد‬rāšid following the right way,
discovery that (‫)الى ان‬, suggest to s.o. the rightly guided, having the true faith;
idea of, make s.o. realize that; to calls.o.’s sensible, reasonable; of full legal age,
(‫ )ه‬attention (‫ الى‬to s.th.), point out (‫ الى ه‬to major │‫( الخلفاء الراشدون‬kulafā’) the
s.o. s.th.); to teach (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to do s.th.), orthodox caliphs (i.e., Abū Bakr, ‘Umar,
instruct, (direct, guide (‫ الى ه‬s.o. in); to ‘Utmān, ‘Alī)
inform (‫ الى ه‬s.o. about), acquaint s.o. (‫)ه‬ ‫ مَرشد‬muršid pl. -ūn leader; guide to the
with the facts of (‫ ;)الى‬to advise, counsel ( right way; adviser; spiritual guide;
‫ الى ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); to inform (‫ الى‬against informer; instructor; (ship) pilot; tourist
s.o.); to come of age X to ask (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.) guide; Grand Master, Master (e.g., of the
to show the right way, ask s.o. for Moslem Brotherhood)
guidance or directions; to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for
instructions or information; to consult (‫ه‬ ‫ مَرشدة‬muršida woman guide 341
‫ رشرش‬rušruš pl. ‫ رشرش‬rašārīš2 belt together, be packed together; to press
together, crowd together; to be or become
‫ رشراش‬rašrāš tender (e.g., meat)
compact
‫ رشف‬rašafa i u (rašf) and rašifa a (raša), V
‫ رصاص‬raṣāṣ lead; bullets │ ‫قلم رصاص‬qalam r.
and VIII to suck, sip (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to drink (‫هـ‬
pencil
s.th.); to drink up, drain (‫ هـ‬a vessel)
‫ رصاصة‬raṣāṣa (n. un.) pellet; bullet
‫ رشفة‬rašfa (n. un.) pl. -āt gulp, sip (of a drink)
‫ رصاصي‬raṣāṣī lead, (made) of lead;
‫ رشق‬rašaqa u (rašq) to throw (‫ ه ب‬at s.o.
leady; leaden, lead-colored, dull gray
s.th.), pelt, strike, hurt (‫ ه ب‬s.o. with s.th.); to
‫ رصيص‬raṣīṣ compressed, closely
insert, fasten. fix (‫ في هـ‬s.th. in); -- rašuqa
packed, jammed together; compact
u (‫ رشاقة‬rašāqa) to he shapely, of graceful
stature; to he elegant, graceful, lissome VI O ‫ تراص‬tarāṣṣ agglutination
to pelt one another, hurt one another ‫ رصد‬raṣada u (raṣd) to keep one’s eyes (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
‫ رشيق‬rašīq elegant, graceful (exterior, on); to lie in wait (‫ ه‬for); to observe (‫هـ‬
style); svelte, slender, slim; lissome s.th.). watch (‫ هـ‬s.th. or over s.th.), control
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to conjure (‫ ه‬demon) │ ‫رصد‬
‫ رشاقة‬rašāqa elegance, grace,
‫ الفلك‬to observe the stars, practice
gracefulness; shapeliness graceful, slender
build; nimbleness, agility astronomy II to provide, set aside,
earmark (‫ هـ‬funds); to prepare, keep ready
‫ رشم‬rašama u (rašm) to mark, designate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to balance (‫ الحساب‬the account;
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make the sign of the cross; to com.) IV to keep ready (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
seal (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │‫ رشم بصليب على‬to make the provide, set aside, earmark (‫ هـ ل‬s.th., esp.
sign of the cross over; ‫ رشم الصليب‬to make funds, for); to procure, get (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V ‫ترص‬
the sign of the cross (Chr.) ‫ د الفلك‬to observe the stars, practice
‫ رشمة‬rašm pl. ‫ رشوم‬rušūm, ‫رشومَات‬ astronomy
rušūmāt sign of the cross (Chr.); ‫ رصد‬raṣd, raṣad pl. ‫ ارصاد‬arṣād
anointment (Copt.-Chr.) observation │ ‫ رصد الفلك‬r. al-aflāk
‫ رشمة‬rašma ornamental halter stargazing, astronomy; ‫ارصاد جوية‬
decorated with silver pendants, or the like; (jawwīya) meteorological observation;
camel halter ‫ تقرير الرصاد‬weather report
‫ راشن‬rāšin tip, baksheesh ‫ رصدخانة‬raṣdakāna observatory

(‫ رشا )رشو‬rašā u (rašw) to bribe (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to ‫ رصد‬raṣad pl. ‫ ارصاد‬arṣād spy, watcher,
accept as bribe, he corrupt, he venal watchdog; lookout, observation post;
ambush; talisman 342
‫ رشو‬rašw bribery, corruption
‫ رصاد‬raṣṣād: ‫ رصاد الجو‬r. al-jaww
‫ رشوة‬rišwa, rušwa, rašwa pl. ‫ رشى‬,‫ رشا‬rišan, meteorologist
rušan, (eg.) ‫ رشاوى‬rašāwā bribe; bribery,
corruption, dishonesty ‫ رصيد‬raṣīd pl. ‫ ارصدة‬arṣida stock on
hand (of merchandise, of supplies);
‫ رشاء‬rišā’ rope, well rope avaible funds; balance (com.; also =
‫ ارتشاء‬irtišā’ venality, corruptibility; remainder of a sum to be paid later);
bribery, corruption capital (fin.) │ ‫ شيك يدون رصيد‬uncovered
check, check without sufficient covering
‫ رص‬raṣṣa u (rašṣ) to fit tightly together, funds
press together, compress (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ram,
force ( ‫هـ‬s.th. into the ground); to pile up, ‫ مَرصد‬marṣad pl. ‫ مَراصد‬marāṣid 2
stack up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to join together, line up, observatory │ ‫(مَرصد جوي‬jawwī)
align, arrange .ide by side (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to fit meteorological station, weather station
tightly together, press together, compress ( O ‫ مَرصد‬marṣad telescope
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ram home (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to coat or
cover with lead (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to be pressed
‫ مَرصاد‬mirṣād observation post, look- ‫ رضاب‬ruḍāb spittle, saliva
out; ambush │ ‫ وقف المرصاد‬to lie in wait; ‫ رضخ‬raḍaka a i (raḍk) to break, smash, shatter
‫ كان مَنه بالمرصاد‬and ‫ وقف له بالمرصاد‬to lie in (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to crack (‫ هـ‬a kernel); -- raḍaka a
ambush for s.o., waylay s.o. (raḍk) to give (‫ هـ‬s.o.) a small, paltry
‫ راصد‬rāṣid registering; (pl. ‫رصاد‬ present; -- (ruḍūk) to yield, bow, give in,
ruṣṣād) watcher, watchdog, spy │O ‫خزينة‬ subordinate o.s., submit (‫ ل‬to s.o., to s.th.)
‫ راصدة‬cash register; O ‫( مَيزان راصد‬mīzān) VIII ‫( ارتضخ لكنة‬luknatan) to speak Arabic
self-registering balance with a foreign accent
‫ راصدة‬rāṣida: ‫( راصدة فلكية‬falakīya) ‫ رضخ‬raḍk, ‫ رضخة‬raḍka a small, paltry
telescope gift
‫ مَبلغ مَرصود‬mablag marṣūd security, ‫ رضيحة‬raḍīka a small, paltry gift; tip,
cover (fin.) baksheesh
‫ رصع‬II to inlay, set, stud (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with gems ‫ رضوخ‬ruḍūk submission, surrender;
or gold); to adorn, decorate, ornament ( ‫هـ‬ yielding, compliance; sympathetic
‫ ب‬s.th. with) understanding (‫ ل‬of)
‫ رصف‬raṣafa u (raṣf) to pave, lay with stone (‫هـ‬ ‫ مَرضاح‬mirḍāk nutcracker
s.th.); -- raṣufa u (‫ رصافة‬raṣāfa) to be ‫ رضرض‬raḍraḍa to break into coarse pieces,
firmly joined II to lay with flagstones, pound, crush (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
pave (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ رضراض‬raḍrāḍ pebbles, gravel 343
‫ رصف‬raṣf paving (of roads)
‫ رضع‬raḍi‘a a and raḍa‘a i a (raḍ‘, ‫رضاع‬
‫ رصيف‬raṣīf firmly joined, firm, solid, raḍā‘) to suck (‫ ثدي أمَه‬tadya ummihī at its
compact; -- (pl. ‫ ارصفة‬arṣifa) pavement; mother’s breast) II and IV to nurse at the
sidewalk; quay; wharf, pier; mole, jetty; breast, suckle, breast-feed (‫ ه‬a baby)
platform; (pl. ‫ رصفاء‬ruṣafā’) colleague │
‫ رصيف المحطة‬r. al-maḥaṭṭa (railway) ‫ رضيع‬raḍī‘ pl: ‫ رضعاء‬ruḍa‘ā‘2, ‫رضائع‬
platform; ‫( رصيف لعمال الحفر في البحر‬li- raḍā’i‘2 suckling, infant, baby; foster
a‘māli l-ḥafr fī l-baḥr) offshore drilling brother
platform (for oil drilling); ‫عوائد الرصيف‬ O ‫ رضاعة‬raḍā‘a pl. -āt nursing bottle
‘awā’id ar-r. quayage, pierage, wharfage
‫ رضاع‬riḍā‘ foster relationship
‫ رصيفة‬raṣīfa pl. -āt woman colleague │
‫( رصيفتنا الغراء‬garrā’) a phrase of courtesy ‫ راضع‬rāḍi‘ pl. ‫ رضع‬ruḍḍa‘ sucking;
used by one newspaper when referring to suckling, infant, baby; infant (adj.)
another; approx.: our honorable friends ‫ مَرضع‬murḍi‘ and ‫ مَرضعة‬murḍi‘a pl.
‫ رصافة‬raṣāfa firmness compactness ‫ مَراضع‬marāḍi‘2 wet nurse; foster mother
‫ مَرصوف‬marṣūf paved (‫ ب‬with) ‫ رضه‬abbreviation of ‫ رضي ا عنه‬see ‫رضى‬
‫ رصن‬raṣuna u (‫ رصانة‬raṣāna) to be firm, ‫ رضا‬see ‫ رضى‬riḍan
strong; to be sedate, calm, composed ‫ رضي‬raḍiya a (‫ رضى‬riḍan, ‫ رضوان‬riḍwān,
‫ رصين‬raṣīn firm, unshakable; sedate, ‫ مَرضاة‬marḍāh) to be satisfied, be content (
calm, composed ‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ في‬with); to consent, agree (‫ ب‬,‫هـ‬
or ‫ في‬to); to approve (‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ في‬of),
‫ رصانة‬raṣāna sedateness, composure, accept, sanction (‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ في‬s.th.); to
calmness, equanimity accept the fact, resign o.s. to the fact (‫ان‬
‫ رض‬raḍḍa u (raḍḍ) to crush (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bruise that); to be pleased (‫ على‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬with); to
(‫ هـ‬a part of the body) wish, desire (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬for s.o.) │‫رضي لنفسه‬
‫( ب‬li-nafsihī) to permit o.s. s.th.; ‫مَا رضي لها‬
‫ رض‬raḍḍ pl. ‫ رضوض‬ruḍūḍ bruise, ‫( المذلة‬madalla) he had no desire to
contusion humiliate her; ‫( رضي او ابى‬au abā) whether
‫ رضيض‬raḍīḍ crushed; bruised he likes it or not; ‫( رضي ا عته‬Isl. eulogy)
may God be pleased with him; ‫رضي مَن‬ ‫ استرضائي‬istirḍā’ī conciliatory
‫( الغنيمة بالياب‬iyāb) to be content to return ‫ راض‬rāḍin pl. ‫ رضاة‬ruḍāh satisfied,
without booty, be happy to have saved content; agreeing, consenting; willing,
one’s skin n to satisfy, gratify, please (‫ه‬ ready; pleasant, agreeable (life)
s.o.); to compensate (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to seek to
satisfy, try to please (‫ ه‬s.o.); to propitiate, ‫ مَرض‬murḍin satisfactory; satisfying;
conciliate, win (‫ ه‬s.o.), gain the good will pleasant, pleasing, gratifying, sufficient
of (‫ )ه‬IV to satisfy, gratify, please (‫ ه‬s.o.) V 344
to seek to satisfy, try to please (‫ ه‬s.o.); to ‫ رطب‬raṭiba a and raṭuba u (‫ رطوبة‬ruṭūba, ‫رطابة‬
seek to propitiate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to conciliate. raṭāba) to be moist, damp, humid; to be
appease (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to come to terms VIII wet II to moisten (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cool,
to be satisfied, content, pleased (‫ هـ‬with); refresh; to soothe, soften, calm (‫ القلب‬al-
to consent, agree (‫ هـ‬to s.th.); to approve ( qalba the heart); to become succulent,
‫ هـ‬of s.th.), sanction (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to seek to mellow, ripen (dates) IV to moisten (‫هـ‬
satisfy, try to conciliate, treat in a s.th.); to become succulent, mellow, ripen
conciliatory manner (‫ ه‬s.o.); to conciliate, (dates) V to be moistened; to be cooled, be
appease (‫ ه‬s.o.); to show o.s. obliging, refreshed; to be soothed, be softened, be
make o.s. popular, ingratiate o.s., try to calmed
gain good will or favor
‫ رطب‬raṭb moist, damp, humid; wet;
‫ رضا‬,‫ رضى‬riḍan contentment, fresh, cool; juicy, succulent, tender (plant)
contentedness, satisfaction; agreement,
consent, assent, acceptance, approval; ‫ رطب‬ruṭab (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ارطاب‬
pleasure, delight; good will, favor │ ‫عن‬ arṭāb, ‫ رطاب‬riṭāb fresh, ripe dates
‫ رضى‬readily, gladly; ‫ سريع الرضى‬easy to ‫ رطيب‬raṭīb pl. ‫ رطاب‬riṭāb moist, damp,
please, easily reconciled humid; fresh, cool; juicy, succulent, tender
‫ رضي‬raḍīy pl. ‫ ارضياء‬arḍiyā’2 satisfied, (plant)
content; pleasant, agreeable │‫بنفس راضية‬ ‫ رطوبة‬rṭūba moisture, dampness,
(bi-nafs) gladly humidity; wetness
‫ رضوان‬riḍwān consent, assent, ‫ راطب‬rāṭib moist, damp, humid; wet
agreement, acceptance, approval,
sanction; good will, favor; pleasure, ‫ مَرطبات‬muraṭṭibat refreshments, soft
delight drinks

‫ مَرضاة‬marḍāh a means affording ‫ رطل‬raṭl pl. ‫ ارطال‬arṭāl rotl, a weight (in Eg. =
satisfaction or gratification; satisfaction, 449.28 g; in Syr. = 3.202 kg, in Beirut and
pleasure Aleppo = 2.566 kg)

‫ ترضية‬tarḍiya satisfaction, gratification; ‫ رطم‬raṭama u (raṭm) to involve, implicate,


compensation drag (‫ ه في‬s.o. into s.th. unpleasant) VIII to
tumble, fall, plunge (‫ في‬into); to stick fast,
‫ رضاء‬riḍā’ contentment, contentedness, be stuck; to be involved, be entangled (‫في‬
satisfaction; agreement, consent, assent, in s.th.); to run aground, strand (ship); to
acceptance, approval, sanction; bump, hit, crash (‫ ب‬against)
propitiation, conciliation
O ‫ مَرطم‬marṭam breakwater, mole, jetty
‫ بالمراضاة‬bi-l-murāḍāh by fair means,
amicably ‫ رطن‬raṭana u (‫ رطانة‬raṭāna, riṭāna) to speak
unintelligible language, talk gibberish,
‫ إرضاء‬irḍā’ satisfaction, gratification; jabber
fulfillment (of a claim, of a desire) │ ‫صعب‬
‫ الَرضاء‬ṣa‘b al-i. hard to please, fastidious ‫ رطانة‬raṭāna, riṭāna lingo, gibberish

‫ تراض‬tarāḍin mutual consent ‫ رطينى‬rujainā lingo, gibberish

‫ استرضاء‬istirḍā’ conciliatory attitude, ‫ رعاع‬ra‘ā‘ rabble, mob, riffraff, scum, ragtag;


conciliatoriness; propitiation, conciliation rowdies, hooligans
‫ رعب‬ra‘aba a (ru‘b) to be alarmed, terrified; ‫ رعيل‬ra‘īl pl. ‫ رعال‬ri‘āl squadron of
to be afraid, be scared II and IV to armored, motorized, or cavalry troops
frighten, scare, terrify (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to (Syr., Ir.; mil.)
become frightened, become alarmed, be ‫ رعام‬ru‘ām gladers
afraid
‫ رعمسيس‬ra‘amsīs Ramses (name of Eg. kings)
‫ رعب‬ru‘b fright, alarm, dismay
‫ رعن‬ra‘ana u (‫ رعونة‬ru‘ūna) to be lightheaded,
‫ ارعاب‬ir‘āb frightening, intimidation frivolous; -- ra‘ana u (ra‘n): ‫رعنته الشمس‬
‫ راعب‬rā‘ib dreadful, horrifying, terrible ra‘anathu š-šamsu to have a sunstroke
‫ مَرعوب‬mar‘ūb frightened, terrified, ‫ رعن‬ra‘n sunstroke; -- (pl. ‫ رعان‬ri‘ān)
appalled, afraid mountain peak
‫ مَرعب‬mur‘ib frightening, terrifying, ‫ ارعن‬ar‘an2 lightheaded, frivolous,
terrible, horrible, dreadful flippant, rash, heedless, careless; stupid,
silly; thoughtless; unsteady, fickle, volatile
‫ رعد‬ra‘ada a u (ra‘d) to thunder; to appall ( ‫ل‬
‫ ب‬s.o. with) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) tremble; ‫ رعونة‬ru‘ūna pl. -āt levity, frivolity,
pass. ur‘ida to shudder, shiver, tremble (‫مَن‬ flippancy; thoughtlessness
with, e.g., with fear) VIII to tremble (‫ رعا )رعو‬ra‘ā u (ra‘w, ‫ رعوة‬ra‘wa, ru‘wa, ‫رعو‬
‫ رعد‬ra‘d pl. ‫ رعود‬ru‘ūd thunder ‫ ى‬ra‘wā, ru‘wā) and IX ‫ ارعوى‬ir‘awā to
desist (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬from sin, from error),
‫ رعدة‬ra‘da, ri‘da tremor; shudder;
repent, see the light │‫ارعوى عن غيه‬
shiver
(gayyihī) to repent, turn over a new leaf
‫ رعاد‬ra‘‘ād (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬electric ray
‫ رعوى‬ra‘wā, ru‘wā repentance,
(zool.)
amendment, conversion
‫ رعديد‬ri‘dīd pl. ‫ رعاديد‬ra‘ādīd2
‫ رعوى‬ra‘awī and ‫ رعوية‬see ‫رعى‬
cowardly; coward
‫ رعى‬ra‘ā a (ra‘y, ‫ رعاية‬ri‘āya, ‫مَرعى‬
‫ رعرع‬ra‘ra‘a to come into the prime of life
mar‘an) to graze; to tend (‫ هـ‬a flock of
(youth) II tara‘ra‘a to grow, develop,
animals); -- (ra‘y, ‫ رعاية‬ri‘āya) to guard,
flourish, thrive
protect, take under one’s wing (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
‫ رعرع‬ra‘ra‘, ru‘rū‘ pl. ‫ رعارع‬ra‘āri‘2 in care (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬for), take care (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of); to watch
full bloom (‫ هـ‬over); to male a point (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), make
‫ رعراع ايوب‬ra‘rā‘ ayyūb (eg.) a variety it one’s business; to observe, bear in mind,
of fleabane (Pulicaria arabica Coss., heed, respect (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to adhere (‫ هـ‬to),
Pulicarla inuloides D.C.; bot.) comply (‫ هـ‬with), abide (e.g., ‫‘ عهدا‬ahdan
or ‫ مَعاهدة‬mu‘āhadatan by a treaty or an
‫ رعش‬ra‘aša a (ra‘š) and ra’iša a (ra’aš) to agreement, etc.); to take into consideration
tremble, shake IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) tremble; (‫ هـ‬s.th.), allow (‫ هـ‬for s.th.) in to
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) shiver VIII = ra’aša supervise, watch, control (‫ هـ‬s.th.), keep an
‫ رعشة‬ri‘ša tremor │‫ رعشة الحمى‬r. al- eye (‫ هـ‬on); to maintain, keep up, preserve
ḥummā feverish shiver (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to observe, bear in mind, heed,
respect (‫ هـ‬s.th.), comply (‫ هـ‬with, e.g.,
‫ ارتعاش‬irti‘āš tremor, trembling with regulations); to take into
‫ رعص‬V and VIII to writhe, wind, coil 345 consideration, take into account (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
allow, make allowance (‫ هـ‬for s.th.); to
‫ رعف‬ra‘afa u a and ra‘ifa a: ‫( رعف انفه‬anfahū)
show deference, regard or respect (‫ ه‬for
to have a nosebleed
s.o.); to make provision, see to it (‫ ان‬that)
‫ رعاف‬ru‘āf and ‫ رعيف‬ra‘īf nosebleed │‫( راعى خاطره‬kāṭirahū) to defer to s.o.,
‫ راعف‬rā‘if tip of the nose respect s.o.’s feelings or wishes IV ‫ارعيته‬
‫ سمعى‬ar‘aituhū sam‘ī I listened to him; ‫ارع‬
‫ رعلة‬ru‘la wreath ‫ نى سمعك‬ar‘inī sam‘aka listen to me! ‫ارعى‬
‫( هـ نظره‬naẓarahū) to follow s.th.
attentively with one’s eyes VIII to graze, (yurgabu) undesirable II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
pasture (cattle) X to attract (‫ نظره‬naẓarahū desirous (‫ في‬of), awaken a desire, a wish (‫ه‬
s.o.’s eyes, ‫ انتباهه‬intibāhahū s.o.’s ‫ في‬in s.o. for); to interest (‫ ه في‬s.o. in s.th.),
attention); to observe (‫ هـ‬s.th.) excite s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬interest in (‫ ;)في‬to awaken
an aversion (‫ ه عن‬in s.o. to s.th.) IV = II
‫ رعى‬ra‘y care, keeping, custody,
guardianship; protection; observance (‫ل‬ ‫ رغب‬ragab: ‫ رغبا ورهبا‬ragaban wa-
of), adherence (‫ ل‬to, e.g., to agreements) rahaban torn between greed and fear
│ ‫ رعيا لك‬God be with you! ‫ رغبة‬ragba pl. ragabāt wish, desire,
‫ رعية‬ra‘īya pl. ‫ رعايا‬ra‘āyā herd, flock; longing, appetite (‫ في‬for)
parish (Chr.); subjects, citizens; a subject, ‫ رغيبة‬ragība pl. ‫ رغائب‬ragā’ib2 object of
a citizen desire, desideratum; wish, desire
‫ رعوي‬ra‘awī, ‫ رعاوى‬ra‘āwī and ‫رعائى‬ ‫ ترغيب‬targīb awakening of a desire or
ra‘ā’ī pastoral, bucolic │ ‫كنيسة رعائية‬ longing (‫ في‬for); incitement to
parish church (Chr.); ‫ رسالة رعائية‬pastoral covetousness; invitation, attraction
letter (Chr.)
‫ راغب‬rāgib pl. ‫ رغبة‬desiring, desirous │
‫ مَرعى‬mar‘ā pl. ‫ مَراع‬marā‘in grassland, ‫ لخر راغب‬li-ākiri rāgibin (sale) to the
grazing land; pasture highest bidder
‫ رعاية‬ri‘āya keeping, custody, charge, ‫ مَرغوب‬margūb: ‫ مَرغوب فيه‬coveted,
care; attention, consideration, regard; sought after, in demand; desired,
patronage, auspices, sponsorship, desirable; ‫ غير مَرغوب فيه‬undesirable; ‫شخص‬
protectorate │‫ تحت رعاية‬under the auspices ‫( مَرغوب فيه‬šakṣ) persona grata, ‫شخص غير‬
of, sponsored by; ‫ مَركز رعاية الطفل‬markaz ‫ مَرغوب فيه‬persona non grate (dipl.); ‫مَرغوب‬
r. al-ṭifl health center for children (Eg.); ‫ عنه‬undesirable, unwanted, objectionable,
‫ شرط مَعامَلة الدول الكثر رعاية‬šarṭ mu‘āmalat loathsome
ad-duwal al-aktar ri‘āyatan most-favored
nation clause 346 ‫ مَرغبات‬muraggibāt attractions, lures,
advantages
‫ مَراعاة‬murā‘āh consideration, regard,
deference, respect; compliance (with), ‫ رغث‬ragaṭa a (rugt) to suck (‫ ها‬at the mother’s
observance (e.g., of regulations, of duties, teats; said of animals)
etc.) │ ‫( مَراعاة ل‬murā‘atan) in deference ‫ رغوث‬ragūt unweaned young female
to, out of regard for, for the lab of; in animal
observance of; ‫ مَراعاة لخواطرهم‬out of
deference to them, out of regard for their ‫ رغد‬raguda u (‫ رغادة‬ragāda) and ragida (rugd)
feelings, wishes, etc.; ‫ مَع مَراعاة هذا‬taking to be pleasant, comfortable, carefree (life)
this into account, bearing this in mind ‫ رغد‬ragd easy, carefree, pleasant,
‫ راع‬rā‘in pl. ‫ رعاة‬ru‘āh, ‫ رعيان‬ru‘yān, agreeable (life) │ ‫‘(عيش رغد‬aiš) a life of
‫ رعاء‬ru‘ā’, ri‘ā’ shepherd, herdsman; plenty and opulence
guardian, keeper, protector; patron, ‫ رغيد‬ragīd easy, carefree, pleasant,
sponsor; pastor (Chr.) agreeable (life) │ ‫‘( عيش رغيد‬aiš) a life of
‫ مَرعى‬mar‘ā observed, complied with plenty and opulence
‫ رغب‬ragiba a (‫ رغبة‬ragba, ‫ رغب‬ragab) to ‫ رغد‬ragad comfort, opulenoe, affluence
desire, wish, want, crave, covet (‫ في‬s.th.); (of living)
to ask (‫ مَن‬or ‫ الى‬s.o., ‫ في‬for s.th., ‫ ان‬to do ‫ رغادة‬ragāda comfort, opulence,
s.th.), request (‫ في‬s.th.; ‫ مَن‬or ‫ الى‬s.o., ‫ ان‬to affluence (of living)
do s.th.); to prefer (‫ في على‬s.th. to, also ‫ب‬ 1
‫ عن‬s.th. to), like s.th. (‫في‬, also ‫ )ب‬better ‫ رغرغ‬ragraga to live in opulence and luxury
than (‫على‬, also ‫ ;)عن‬to dislike, detest, 2
□ ‫ رغرغ‬ragraga (= ‫ غرغر‬gargara) to gargle
loathe (‫ عن‬s.th.), have a distaste (‫ عن‬for);
‫ ارغاطة‬urgāṭa pl. –āt, ‫ اراغيط‬arāgīṭ (eg.)
to wish (‫ ل ب‬s.o. s.th.) │‫لَ يرغب فيه‬
windlass, winch; capstan
‫ رغيف‬ragīf pl. ‫ ارغفة‬argifa, ‫ رغفان‬rugfān, ‫رغف‬ to flutter; to wave, stream; to flash, flare
ruguf loaf of bread; roll, bun (syr.) for a moment; to appear suddenly; -- u I to
be anxious to please (‫ ل‬s.o.). serve (‫ ل‬s.o.)
‫ رغم‬IV to foroe, compel, coerce (‫ ه على‬s.o. to
diligently │‫ رف على ذاكرته‬it flashed
do s.th.)
through his mind, it occurred to him all of
‫ رغم‬ragma (prep.) despite, in spite of │‫رغم ان‬ a sudden
although, though; ‫ رغما عن‬ragman ‘an in
‫ رف‬raff flight, covey (of birds)
spite of, despite; ‫( رغما عن انفه‬anfihī) and
‫ على الرغم مَن انفه‬just to spite him, in ‫ رف‬raff pl. ‫ رفوف‬rufūf, ‫ رفاف‬rifāf shelf;
defiance of him, against, his will; ‫بالرغم مَن‬ rack; ledge │ ‫ وضعه على الرف‬to shelve
bi-r-rami min and ‫ بالرغم عن‬and ‫على الرغم‬ s.th., put s.th. aside
‫ مَن‬despite, in spite of; ‫ بالرغم مَن كل هذا‬in ‫ رفاف‬raffāf radiant, flashing, sparkling,
347 spite of all this; ‫ بالرغم مَنه‬and ‫على الرغم‬ glistening
‫ مَنه‬against s.o.’s will; against one’s own
will, reluctantly, without wanting it; ‫على‬ ‫ رفأ‬rafa’a a (raf’) to mend, repair, patch (‫هـ‬
‫‘ رغم مَني‬alā ragmin minnī without my clothing), sew up, fine-draw (‫ هـ‬a rent),
wanting it; ‫ بالرغم مَن‬in spite of the fact darn (‫ هـ‬socks); to drag (‫ هـ‬a boat) on shore
that, although; ‫ الَ رغما‬... َ‫ ل‬lā … illā ‫ رفاء‬raffā’ darner, fine-drawer
ragman only reluctantly, only with great
effort ‫ رفاء‬rifā’ (marital) harmony, love │
‫( بالرفاء والبنين‬banīn) live in harmony and
‫ رغام‬ragām dust and sand beget sons! (felicitation to newlyweds)
‫ رغام‬rugām mucus ‫ مَرفأ‬marfa’ pl. ‫ مَرافئ‬marāfi’2 landing
‫ رغامَى‬rugāmā windpipe, trachea (anat.) place wharf, quay; port, harbor
1
‫ مَرغمة‬margama pl. ‫ مَراغم‬marāgim2 ‫ رفت‬rafata i u (raft) to break, smash, crush (‫هـ‬
compulsion, coercion, force; aversion, s.th.); to reject, turn down, decline (‫هـ‬
unwillingness, reluctance, dislike, distaste s.th.); to dismiss, discharge (‫ هـ‬s.o. from
service)
‫ ارغام‬irgām compulsion (‫ على‬to)
‫ رفت‬raft dismissal, discharge (from
‫ راغم‬rāgim reluctant, unwilling │ ‫وانفه‬ service)
‫( راغم‬anfuhū) (as a ḥāl clause) reluctantly,
grudgingly ‫ رفت‬rufāt mortal remains, body (of a
person)
‫ ارغن‬look up alphabetically
2
‫ رفتية‬raftīya transit duty; clearance certificate,
(‫ رغا )رغو‬ragā u (ragw) to foam, froth II and clearance papers (com.)
IV do. │‫( ارغى وازبد‬azbada) to fume with
rage ‫ رفث‬rafata i u to behave in an obscene manner
‫ رغو‬ragwa, rugwa pl. ‫ رغاو‬ragāwin ‫ رفث‬rafat obscenity
foam, froth, spume; lather; dross, slag ‫ رفح‬rafaḥ Rafah (town in S Gaza sector)
‫ رغوي‬ragwī foamy, frothy ‫ رفد‬rafada i (rafd) to support, aid, help (‫ ه‬s.o.);
‫ رغاء‬raggā’ windbag (fig., of a person); to support, uphold, carry (‫ ه‬s.th.) IV to
garrulous; chatterbox, prattler support, aid, help (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.)
for support, appeal (‫ ه‬to s.o.) for help
‫ رغاوة‬rugāwā foam, froth, spume
‫ رفد‬rifd pl. ‫ رفود‬rufūd, ‫ ارفاد‬arfād
‫ مَا له ثاغية ولَ راغية‬:‫( راغ‬tāgiya) he has present, gift; support
absolutely nothing, he is devoid of all
resources, prop.: he has neither a bleating ‫ رفادة‬rifāda dressing, bandage (over a
(sheep) nor a braying (camel) wound); saddlecloth, pad 348
‫ رف‬raffa i (raff, ‫ رفيف‬rafīf) to gleam, shimmer, ‫ رافد‬rāfid pl. ‫ روافد‬rawāfid2 tributary
glisten, glitter; -- u i (raff) to quiver, stream; ‫ الرافدان‬ar-rāfidān (Euphrates and
twitch; to flicker; to flap the wings (bird); Tigris = ) Mesopotamia, Iraq
‫ رافدة‬rāfida pl. ‫ روافد‬rawāfid2 support, fasten or attach (‫ هـ‬s.th.) high above; to
prop; rafter erect, set up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to raise (‫صوته‬
ṣautahū one’s voice); to remove, take
‫ رفرف‬rafrafa to flap the wings (bird); to flutter
away (‫ عن‬or ‫ هـ مَن‬s.th. from); to abolish,
(flag, wings, or the like); to blow (wind);
eliminate (‫هـ‬s.th.); to lift (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a
to blindfold (‫ هـ‬the eyes)
ban), put an end (‫ هـ‬to s.th.); to remedy (‫هـ‬
‫رفرف‬rafrāf pl. ‫ رفارف‬rafārif 2 cushion, a mistake); to free, relieve (‫ عن هـ‬s.o. of
pad; eyeshade, visor (of a cap); fender (of s.th.); to put s.th. (‫ )هـ‬before s.o. (‫)الى‬,
an automobile) submit (‫ ه الى‬s.th., e.g., a petition, to), file (
‫ رفروف‬rafrūf pl. ‫ رفاريف‬rafārīf2 eye ‫ هـ الى‬a report, and the like, with a proper
bandage authority); to present, dedicate (‫ هـ الى‬s.th.
to s.o.); to offer up (‫ هـ‬sacrifices; Chr.); to
‫ رفس‬rafasa i u (rafs) to kick (‫ ه‬s.o.) make, deliver (‫ تقريرا‬a report); to start,
‫ رفس‬rafsa (n. vic.) kick initiate (‫ قضية‬qaḍīyata legal action); to
ascribe (‫ هـ الى‬a Prophetic tradition to an
‫ رفاس‬raffās steam launch, steamboat; authority or source); (gram.) to pronounce
motor tug; O propeller the final consonant with u; to put (‫ هـ‬a
‫ رفش‬rafš shovel, spade word) in the nominative or indicative,
respectively; pass. rufi‘a it appeared,
‫ رفاص‬raffāṣ (= ‫ رفاس‬raffās) steam launch,
came in sight, became visible (‫ ل‬before
steamboat
s.o.); ‫ رفع عنه‬rufi‘a ‘anhu he regained
‫ رفض‬rafaḍa i u (rafḍ) to leave, abandon (‫هـ‬ consciousness │‫ رفع شيئا فوق شيء‬to put s.th.
s.th.); to discard, dismiss (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to before or above s.th. else; ‫رفع به رأسا‬
reject, turn down, decline, refuse to accept (rafa‘a) to pay attention to s.th.; ‫رفع مَن شأنه‬
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to finish, conclude, terminate (min ša’nihī) to enhance the importance of
V to he bigoted, fanatic IX to scatter, s.th.; to speak of s.th. in glowing terms;
disperse, break up; to disappear, cease ‫( رفع مَن مَكانته‬makānatihī) to upgrade s.th.;
(e.g., pain); to drip (sweat) ‫( رفع يديه عنه‬yadaihī) to desist, refrain from
‫ رفض‬rafḍ dismissal; rejection, refusal, s.th.; ‫( رفع الدعوى عليه‬da‘wā) to sue s.o.,
nonacceptance lodge a complaint against s.o. (‫ امَام‬in a
court); ‫( رفع قضية عليه‬qaḍīyatan) or ‫رفع به‬
‫ رفيض‬rafīḍ abandoned; rejected, ‫ قضية‬to bring legal action against s.o., go
dismissed with s.o. to court; ‫ رفع الَستئناف‬to appeal,
‫ ترفض‬taraffuḍ bigotry, fanaticism 349 make an appeal (‫ امَام‬to a court) II to
raise, lift;, elevate; to celebrate carnival III
‫ رافضة‬rāfiḍa pl. ‫ روافض‬rawāfiḍ2 to act as defence counsel (‫ عن‬of s.o.),
turncoats, renegades, dissenters, defectors; defend (‫ عن‬s.o., in court), plead s.o.’s (‫)عن‬
troops having deserted their leader; cause; to summon, hale (‫ ه الى‬s.o. to court)
Rafidites, a Shiitio sect V to be or deem o.s. above s.th. (‫)عن‬, be
‫ رافضي‬rāfiḍī pl. ‫ ارفاض‬arfāḍ apostate, too proud (‫ عن‬for s.th.), look down (‫عن‬
renegade, turncoat; Rafidite; disloyal, upon) │‫ ترفع برأسه‬to raise or bear one’s
rebellious; bigoted, fanatical heed high VI to hale one another before
the judge (‫ ;)الى الحاكم‬to take one’s case
‫ رفع‬rafa‘a a (raf‘) to lift, lift up, raise aloft,
before the judge (‫ ;)الى الحاكم‬to plead (in
heave up, hoist up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to raise (‫هـ‬
court) VIII to rise, lift; to go up, ascend; to
s.th., e.g., one’s head, also fig.: e.g., the
become higher; to grow, increase, rise; to
intellectual level, a price); to raise in
ring out (tone, voice, tune); to go away,
esteem (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make high or higher (
pass away, be eliminated, disappear (‫عن‬
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to elevate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to heighten,
from) │‫( ارتفع صوته‬ṣautuhū) to gain
exalt, enhance (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to raise, promote (
prestige
‫ ه الى‬s.o. to the rank of); to fly, let up (‫هـ‬,
e.g., a kite); to hoist, run up (‫‘ علما‬alaman ‫ رفع‬raf‘ lifting, hoisting (also, of a
or ‫ راية‬rāyatan a flag); to take off, doff, tip flag); elevation; raise, raising, stepping up
(‫ قبعته‬qubba‘atahū one’s hat); to place, (of prices, of temperatures, etc.); setting
up; erection; abolition; lift, (e.g., of a baḥr above sea level, etc.) │ ‫ على ارتفاع‬...
ban); remedy, elimination, removal; at an altitude of ...
remission (of a tax); submission, filing ‫ رافع‬rāfi‘ bearer │‫ آلة رافعة‬hoisting gear,
(e.g., of a report); pronunciation of the lifting apparatus, hoist; windlass, winch;
final consonant with u (gram.) │‫رفع الثقال‬ crane; pump; ‫( مَضخة رافعة‬miḍakka) suction
weight lifting (athlet.) pump
‫ رفعة‬rif‘a height, elevation (e.g., of a ‫ رافعة‬rāfi‘a pl. ‫ روافع‬rawāfi‘ hoisting
structure); high rank or standing │ ‫صاحب‬ gear, lifting apparatus, hoist; crane;
‫( الرفعة‬formerly:) title of the Egyptian hoisting installation (mining) │O ‫رافعة‬
Prime Minister, ‫ رفعة رئيس الوزراء‬rif‘at raīs ‫( هوائية‬hawā’īya) ejector; O ‫ رافعة الغام‬r.
al-wuzarā’ His Excellency the Prime algām mine sweeper
Minister
‫ مَرفوع‬marfū‘ traceable in ascending
‫ رفاع‬rifā‘ Shrovetide (Chr.) order of traditionaries to Mohammed
‫ رفيع‬rafī‘ high, high-ranking; lofty, (Prophetic tradition); (gram.) in the
exalted, sublime; loud (voice, sound); nominative or indicative, respectively
thin, fine, delicate; exquisite, refined, ‫ مَرفع‬muraffa‘: ‫( المرفع شأنه‬ša’nuhū) =
subtle; artistic │‫ رفيع الشأن‬r. aš-ša’n ‫( الرفيع الشأن‬see ‫ رفيع‬rafī‘) 350
approx.: exalted; formerly, in Tunisia, title
of the members of the Bey’s family; ‫صاحب‬ ‫ مَرافع‬murāfi‘ plaintiff
‫( المقام الرفيع‬maqām) title conferred upon ‫ مَترفع‬mutaraffi‘ haughty, arrogant,
bearers of the order ‫ القلدة‬al-qilāda, snobbish
established by Fu’ād I in 1936; ‫الفنون الرفيعة‬
(‫ )= الفنون الجميلة‬the fine arts; ‫الرفيع والوضيع‬ ‫ مَرتفع‬murtafi‘ rising, ascending; high,
high end low (= all) elevated; resounding, ringing │ ‫سكة الحديد‬
‫( المرتفعة‬sikkat al-ḥadīd) elevated railway
‫ ارفع‬arfa‘ higher; loftier, more exalted;
liner; more relined, subtler ‫ مَرتفع‬murtafa‘ height, altitude; elevated
place; O terrace; pl. -āt heights,
‫ رفيعة‬rafī‘a pl. ‫ رفائع‬rafā’i‘2 legal case elevations, hills
brought before the competent authorities;
a document submitted to a proper ‫ رفق‬rafaqa u (rifq) and rafiqa a (rafaq) to be
authority kind, friendly, nice (‫ ب‬to s.o., also ‫ على‬and
‫)ل‬, treat gently (‫ ب‬s.o.,), be courteous (‫ب‬
‫ مَرفع‬marfa‘ Shrovetide (Chr.); carnival, with s.o.) III to be a companion, a
pl. ‫ مَرافع‬marāfi‘2 do. comrade (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to keep (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مَرفعة‬mirfa‘a pl. ‫ مَرافع‬marāfi‘2 hoisting company; to be on intimate terms, be hand
gear, crane in glove, be friends, associate closely (‫ه‬
with s.o.); to accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.; also
‫ ترفيع‬tarfī‘ pl. -āt promotion (of an mus.); to escort (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) IV to be of
official); salary raise (‫ الى‬to the amount of) use, be useful (‫ ه‬to s.o.), avail, serve, help
‫ مَرافعة‬murāfa‘a pl. -āt speech for the (‫ ه‬s.o.); to accompany (‫ هـ ب‬s.th. with);: to
defense (in court); proceedings at law │‫يوم‬ attach, enclose, add, append (‫ هـ ب‬to s.th.
‫ المرافعة‬yaum al-m. date fixed for the trial s.th.) V to show o.s. kind, display a gentle,
(of a case in court); ‫( قانون المرافعة‬Eg.) and friendly attitude (‫ ب‬toward s.o., also ‫)مَع‬,
‫ مَجلة المرافعة‬majallat al-m. (Tun.) code of be nice (‫ ب‬to s.o., also ‫ ;)مَع‬to do gently (‫في‬
procedure s.th.), proceed gently (‫ في‬in) │‫ترفق في سيره‬
(sairihī) to walk slowly, stroll, saunter VI
‫ ترفع‬taraffu‘ arrogance, haughtiness,
to travel together VIII to profit, benefit,
snobbery (‫ عن‬toward s.th.), disdain,
gain (‫ ب‬from or by), make use, avail o.s.,
contempt (‫ عن‬of s.th.)
take advantage (‫ ب‬of), utilize (‫ ب‬s .h.); to
‫ ارتفاع‬irtifā‘ rise (e.g., of prices); lean one’s elbows, rest one’s arms (‫ هـ‬on
elevation; increase; height, altitude (e.g., s.th.)
of a mountain, ‫‘ عن سطح البحر‬an saṭḥI l-
‫ رفق‬rifq friendliness, kindness, luxurious (life) II to make (‫ هـ‬life) pleasant
gentleness │ ‫ جمعية الرفق بالحيوان‬jam‘īyat and comfortable; to afford (‫ ه‬s.o.) a
ar-r. bi-l-ḥayawān Society for the pleasant, luxurious life; to be a source 351
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals of ease and comfort, make things easy (
‫ عن‬,‫ على‬for s.o.), let (‫على‬, s.o.) live in
‫ رفقة‬rifqa, rufqa pl. ‫ رفاق‬rifāq, ‫ رفق‬rifaq,
comfort; to relax (‫ عن‬,‫ على‬s.o.), provide
rufaq, ‫ ارفاق‬arfāq group, troop, body (of
recreation (‫ عن‬,‫ على‬for); to ease soften,
people); company │ ‫ برفقة‬accompanied by,
mitigate (‫ عن هـ‬for s.o. s.th.); to cheer up (
in the company of
‫ عن‬s.o.), raise the spirits of (‫ ;)عن‬to soothe
‫ رفيق‬rafīq pl. ‫ رفقاء‬rufaqā’2, ‫ رفاق‬rifāq (‫ عن‬the soul) │‫ رفه عن نفسه‬to relax, find
companion, attendant; escort; buddy, recreation (‫ هـ‬from work); ‫ رفع على نفسه‬to
friend; comrade (in Marxist terminology); find recreation
associate, partner; accomplice; kind (‫ب‬
‫ رفه‬rifh and ‫ رفاه‬rafāh well-being,
to), mild, gentle, tender │‫ رفيق المدرسة‬r. al-
welfare; personal ease and comfort; good
madrasa classmate, schoolmate
living, luxury, comforts of life
‫ رفيقة‬rafīqa pl. -āt woman companion;
‫ رفاهة‬rafāha, ‫ رفاهية‬rafāhīya
girl friend; sweetheart; mistress, par
comfortable, luxurious life; luxury;
amour
comfort, comfortableness, coziness;
‫ مَرفق‬mirfaq, marfiq elbow; -- mirfaq complete relaxation and ease
pl. ‫ مَرافق‬marāfiq2 anything conducive to
‫ ترفيه‬tarfīh creation of ease and luxury;
personal ease and comfort, convenience;
habituation to luxury; providing of
appurtenance (of an apartment, of a house;
comfort and relaxation; recreation;
such as kitchen, bathroom, stable, etc.);
(mental) relaxation │‫ ترفيه العيش‬t. al-‘aiš
attainment of civilization, civilizational
good living, comfortable life; ‫قسم الترفيه‬
institution; pl. ‫ مَرافق‬attainments of
qism at-t. recreation department
civilization; conveniences; public utilities;
installations; facilities │‫القيام على مَرافقهم‬ (‫ رفا )رفو‬rafā u (rafw) to darn, mend (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
(qiyām) concern for their welfare; ‫مَرافق‬ ‫ رق‬raqqa i (‫ رقة‬riqqa) to be or become thin,
‫ الحياة‬m. al-ḥayāh conveniences, anything delicate, fine; to be tender, soft; to be
conducive to personal ease and comfort; pure, clear, limpid (water); to soften,
‫‘( المرافق العامَة‬āmma) the public utilities; ‫مَر‬ relent (‫ ل‬toward s.o.), have pity, feel
‫ افق التكرار‬refining facilities (oil industry) compassion, have sympathy (‫ ل‬for) │‫رق له‬
‫ مَرافقة‬murāfaqa accompaniment; escort; ‫( قلبه‬qalbuhū) he took pity on him II to
company, association make thin. thin out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to refine,
make fine, soft or tender, render delicate (
‫ ارتفاق‬irtifāq utilization, use; usefulness,
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to polish, smooth, make elegant (
serviceableness; easement (jur.)
‫ هـ‬one’s speech); to flatten, roll out (‫ هـ‬esp.
‫ مَرافق‬murāfiq pl. -ūn companion, metal) IV to make thin, line or tender,
attendant; escort; accompanist; adjutant, render delicate, refine (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to soften (
aide (Ir.) ‫ هـ‬the heart) V to soften, relent (‫ ل‬toward
‫ مَرفق به‬murfaq bihi attached, enclosed; s.o.). have pity, have sympathy (‫ ل‬for),
pl. ‫ مَرفقات‬enclosures (in a letter, or the sympathize (‫ ل‬with) X to be thin, fine,
like) delicate; to soften (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to enslave,
make a slave (‫ هـ‬s.o.)
‫ مَرتفق‬murtafaq that on which one leans
or rests; support; toilet, latrine ‫ رق‬raqq pl. ‫ رقوق‬ruqūq turtle

‫ رفل‬rafala u (rafl) to trail a garment; to strut, ‫ رق‬riqq quality or condition of being a


swagger slave, slavery, bondage

‫ رفل‬rifl train (of a garment) ‫ رق‬raqq, riqq parchment; riqq (eg.)


tambourine
‫ رفه‬rafuha u (‫ رفاه‬rafāh, ‫ رفاهة‬rafāha, ‫رفاهية‬
rafāhīya) to be comfortable, pleasant,
‫ رق‬riqqa thinness; slenderness, wait (‫ ه‬for) VIII to expect, anticipate (‫هـ‬
slimness; fineness, delicateness, delicacy; s.th.)
gentleness, mildness; amiability, ‫ رقبة‬riqba observation; control;
graciousness, friendliness │‫ رقة الحاشية‬r. attention; caution, wariness; vigilance,
al-ḥāšiya friendliness, courteousness, watchfulness
amiability; ‫ رقة الشعور‬sensitivity, delicacy
of feeling, tact; ‫ رقة الطبع‬r. aṭ-ṭab‘ ‫ رقبة‬raqaba pl. -āt, ‫ رقاب‬riqāb neck; --
kindness, gentleness, mild temper, (pl. ‫ )رقاب‬slave; (īsl. Law) person │O ‫رقبة‬
friendliness; ‫ رقة المزاج‬gentleness, mild ‫ جسر‬r. jisr bridgehead; ‫ صلب الرقبة‬ṣulb ar-r.
temper stubborn, obstinate, obstreperous; ‫غليظ‬
‫ الرقبة‬do.; ‫ هذا في رقابهم‬responsibility for it
‫ رقاق‬ruqāq flat loaf of bread; O waffles rests on their shoulders; ‫أخذ بعضهم برقاب‬
‫ رقيق‬raqīq pl. ‫ ارقاء‬ariqqā’2, ‫ رقاق‬riqāq ‫ بعض‬akada ba‘ḍuhum bi-r. ba‘ḍin to
slave, slaves (sing. and coll.); flat loaf of follow in close succession
bread (mid); thin; slender, slim; line, ‫ رقوب‬ruqūb anticipation, expectation
delicate; soft. tender, gentle; sensitive,
tactful, discreet, prudent │‫ تجارة الرقيق‬slave ‫ رقيب‬raqīb pl. ‫ رقباء‬ruqabā’2 vigilant,
trade; ‫ رقيق الحال‬poor, needy; ‫رقيق الحاشية‬ watchful; guardian, keeper, warden;
(‫ )الحواشي‬r. al-ḥāšiya (al-ḥawāšī) friendly, watcher, observer, lookout; spy; overseer,
courteous, civil, amiable; ‫رقيق الشعور‬ supervisor, inspector; controller, control
sensitive; ‫ رقيق الطبع‬r. aṭ-ṭab‘ kind, gentle, officer; postal censor; sergeant (Syr., mil.)
mild-tempered, friendly; ‫رقيق المزاج‬ │‫( رقيب اول‬awwal) approx.: staff sergeant
gentlehearted (Syr., mil.)
‫ رقيقة‬raqīqa lamina, flake ‫ رقبى‬ruqbā donation with the proviso
that it shall either revert to the donor after
‫ ارق‬araqq2 thinner; slimmer; more the donee’s death or become the property
delicate of the donee upon death of the donor (Isl.
‫ مَرقاق‬mirqāq rolling pin Law)
‫ مَرقوق‬marqūq thin, flaky pastry ‫ رقابة‬raqāba supervision, control;
censorship (of the press)
‫ رقأ‬raqa’a a to cease to flow (tears)
‫ رقوبة‬raqūba and ‫ راقوبة‬rāqūba (eg.) nest
‫ رقب‬raqaba u (‫ رقوب‬ruqūb, ‫ رقابة‬raqāba) to
egg
observe, watch, regard attentively (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to supervise, control (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ مَرقب‬marqab and ‫ مَرقبة‬marqaba lofty
wait (‫ هـ‬for), await (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- (‫رقوب‬ observation post, lookout; watchtower; O
ruqūb) to watch (‫ هـ‬over s.th.), guard (‫هـ‬ observatory
s.th.); to take into consideration, heed, ‫ مَرقب‬mirqab telescope
observe, respect (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fear (‫ ه‬God);
to be on one’s guard, watch out, be careful ‫ مَراقبة‬murāqaba observation;
│‫( لَ يرقب فيه إلَ ولَ ذمَة‬illan wa-lā supervision; surveillance; inspection;
dimmatan) to treat s.o. ruthlessly ill to control; censorship (of the Press); mail
watch, observe, regard attentively (‫ ه‬s.o., censorship; superintendency,
‫ هـ‬s.th.), keep an eye (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬on); to make controllership; zone of inspection
out, detect (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to control 352 (‫هـ‬ ‫ ترقب‬taraqqub expectation, anticipation
s.th., e.g., the traffic, the press, s.o.’s
doings, etc.), supervise (‫ هـ‬some work), ‫ ارتقاب‬irtiqāb expectation, anticipation
have an eye (‫ هـ‬on, e.g., on s.o.’s ‫ مَراقب‬murāqib pl. -ūn observer;
dealings); to fear (‫ ه‬God) │ ‫( راقب ا فيه‬lit.: overseer, supervisor, inspector; controller,
to fear God with regard to s.o.) to treat s.o. control officer; censor; sergeant major,
well for fear of God V to expect, quartermaster sergeant (Eg. 1939) │ ‫مَراقب‬
anticipate, await (‫ هـ‬s.th.), look forward to ‫ تعليم‬m. ta‘līm a military rank (approx.:
(‫)هـ‬, wait, look, look out (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬for); to master sergeant; Eg. 1939); ‫ مَراقب تعيين‬m.
regard (‫ هـ‬s.th.), look (‫ هـ‬at s.th.); to lie in ta‘yīn a military rank (approx.:
quartermaster sergeant; Eg. 1939); ‫مَراقب‬ O ‫ مَرقاش‬mirqāš pl. ‫ مَراقيش‬marāqīš2
‫( مَدني‬madanī) title of a high local official brush (of the painter)
(Mor., Tun.); ‫ مَراقب الخطوط‬linesman ‫ رقص‬raqaṣ u (raqṣ) to dance; to prance (horse;
(soccer) ‫ على‬to a tune) │ ‫( رقص فرحا‬faraḥan) to
‫ رقد‬raqada u (raqd, ‫ رقود‬ruqūd, ‫ رقاد‬ruqād) to dance with joy II to make (‫ هـ‬s.o.) dance;
sleep, be asleep; to go to bed; to lie down to set (‫ هـ‬s.th.) in a swinging motion; to
to rest; to lie; to rest; to abate, subside, let make (‫ هـ‬the heart) tremble │ ‫رقص الحناجر‬
up, calm down (e.g., a storm); to be down, (prop.: to make the throats tremble) to
be flagging; to be dull, listless (market) │ provoke loud laughter III to dance (‫ ها‬with
‫( رقد على البيض‬baiḍ) to sit on the eggs (hen) a girl) IV = II; VI to move; to dance; to
II to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) to sleep; to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) prance; to tremble (heart)
lie down; to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) to bed; to lay ‫ رقص‬raqṣ dancing, dance │ ‫مَعلم الرقص‬
down, stretch out (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to put to sleep mu‘allim ar-r. dancing instructor
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to put to bed (‫ ه‬a child)
‫ رقصة‬raqṣa (n. vic.) pl. raqaṣāt dance
‫ رقدة‬raqda sleep; manner of lying, lying
position ‫ رقاص‬raqqāṣ (professional) dancer;
pendulum (phys.; also of a timepiece)
‫ رقاد‬ruqād sleep; recumbency,
recumbent position ‫ رقاصة‬female dancer; dancing girl,
danseuse; ballerina
‫ رقود‬ruqūd sleep; recumbency,
recumbent position; sleeping, sleep (pl. of ‫ مَرقص‬marqaṣ, pl. ‫ مَراقص‬marāqiṣ2
the active participle) dance hall, ballroom; dance, ball
‫ راقود‬rāqūd pl. ‫ رواقيد‬rawāqīd2 large jug ‫ راقص‬rāqiṣ dancer; dance, dancing
(used attributively) │‫( حفلة راقصة‬ḥafla)
‫ مَرقد‬marqad pl. ‫ مَراقد‬marāqid2 bed; dance, ball; ‫ مَوسيقى راقصة‬dance music; ‫ليلة‬
couch; resting place; mausoleum ‫( راقصة‬laila) dancing party
‫ ترقيد‬tarqīd (eg.) layerage (hort.) │ ‫ترقيد‬ ‫ راقصة‬rāqiṣa pl. -āt female dancer; O
‫ البيض‬t. al-baiḍ hatching of the eggs 353 kneecap, patella
‫ ترقيد‬tarqīd (tarqīd) layer (hort.) ‫ مَراقصة‬murāqiṣa (female) dancing
‫ راقد‬rāqid pl. ‫ رقد‬ruqqad, ‫ رقود‬ruqūd partner
sleeping, asleep; lying, reclining, ‫ رقط‬II to speckle, spot (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
recumbent; resting; quiet, dull, listless
(market) ‫ ارقط‬arqaṭ2 speckled, spotted; leopard
‫ مَرقد‬muraqqid somniferous, lulling; pl. ‫ رقع‬raqa‘a a (raq‘) to patch (‫ هـ‬a garment); --
‫ مَرقدات‬soporifics raqu‘a u (‫ رقاعة‬raqā‘a) to be stupid II =
raqa‘a
‫ رقرق‬raqraqa to mix. dilute (‫ هـ‬wine with
water) II taraqraqa to overflow (‫بالدمَوع‬ ‫ رقعة‬ruq‘a pl. ‫ رقع‬ruqa‘, ‫ رقاع‬riqā‘
with tears; eyes), be bathed (‫ بالدمَوع‬in patch; piece of cloth; piece of land, terrain
tears); to glitter, glisten, sparkle: to stir or ground; area; lot, plot of land; ground
gently, breathe (wind) (of a flag); chessboard; slip of paper, piece
of paper; note, brief message; ticket;
‫ رقراق‬raqrāq bathed (in tears), moist, coupon; bond, security; a cursive style of
misty (eyes); glittering, glistening; radiant, calligraphy
brilliant, resplendent
‫ رقيع‬raqī‘ stupid, silly, foolish;
‫ رقارق‬raqāriq not deep, shallow (water) impudent, impartment, shameless; (pl. ‫ارقع‬
‫ رقش‬raqaša u to variegate, make multicolored ‫ ة‬arqi‘a) firmament
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) II do.; to adorn, embellish, ‫ رقاعة‬raqā‘a stupidity, foolishness folly
decorate (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَرقعة‬marqa‘a and ‫ مَرقعية‬marqa‘īya
‫ ارقش‬arqaš2 variegated, multicolored, tatters, rags
colorful
‫ ترقيع‬tarqī‘ patching │‫ ترقيع القرنية‬t. al- ‫ رقي‬ruqīy rise, progress, upward
qarnīya transplantation of the cornea development; ‫ الرقي به‬promotion,
(mid.) encouragement, furtherance of s.th.
‫ مَرقعات‬muraqqa‘āt fragments ‫ رقية‬ruqya pl. ‫ رقى‬ruqan spell, charm,
magic; incantation
‫ رقم‬raqama u (raqm) to write (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to point, provide with points (‫ هـ‬a text); to ‫ رقاء‬raqqā’ magician, sorcerer
brand (‫ هـ‬a hone); to imprint (‫ هـ‬a trace, a ‫ ارقى‬arqā higher, superior; more
mark); to mark (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stripe (‫ هـ‬a advanced, more progressed
fabric); to number (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to point,
provide with points (‫ هـ‬a text); to stripe, ‫ مَرقاة‬marqāh pl. ‫ مَراق‬marāqin stairs,
streak (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to rule (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to number staircase; O elevator, lift
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) 354 ‫ ترقية‬tarqiya raising; -- (pl. -āt)
‫ رقم‬raqm pl. ‫ ارقام‬arqām numeral; promotion (in rank); elevation; promotion,
number, No. │‫( الرقام الهندية‬hindīya) the furtherance, encouragement,
numerals of the Arabs; ‫ رقم القياس‬r. al-qiyās advancement; extension, development,
or ‫( رقم قياسي‬qiyāsī) record (athlet.), ‫سجل‬ improvement
‫( رقما قياسيا‬sajjala) to set a record (athlet.) ‫ ترق‬taraqqin pl. taraqqiyāt ascension;
‫ رقيم‬raqīm inscription tablet; letter, ascent; advance, advancement; progress,
message rise, progressive development
‫ مَرقم‬mirqam pl. ‫ مَراقم‬marāqim2 drawing ‫ ارتقاء‬irtiqā‘ climbing, mounting;
pencil, crayon; (painter’s) brush ascension; ascent; progress, rise,
progressive development │‫ ارتقاء العرش‬irt.
‫ ترقم‬tarqīm pointing; numbering, al-‘arš accession to the throne
numeration
‫ راق‬rāqin ascending, rising; high, high-
‫ مَرقم‬marqūm pl. ‫ مَراقم‬marāqīm2 striped ranking; superior, high-grade, high-class,
blanket of high standard; educated. refined;
‫ رقوص‬II taraqwaṣa (syr.) to toss, fling o.s. advanced │‫( الطبقة الراقية‬ṭabaqa) the upper
about class
‫ رقى‬raqiya a (raqy, ruqīy) to ascend (‫ الى‬or ‫في‬ ‫ راق‬rāqin pl. ‫ رقاة‬ruqāh magician,
s.th. or to s.th.); to climb, mount, scale (‫هـ‬ sorcerer
s.th.); to rise (in rank), advance, he ‫ مَرتق‬murtaqin high, superior, advanced
promoted; to date back, go hack (‫ الى‬to a (esp. intellectually)
bygone era); ‫ رقي به‬to lead s.o. up; to
further, promote, encourage s.th.; - raqa i ‫ مَرتقى‬murtaqan ascent, rise
(‫ رقية‬ruqya) to use magic or incantations (‫ه‬ 1
‫ رك‬rakka i (rakk, ‫ ركة‬rikka, ‫ ركاكة‬rakāka) to
on s.o., ‫ مَن‬against s.th.) II to cause to be weak, feeble; to be poor, meager,
ascend; to promote (‫ ه‬s.o.); to raise, scanty; -- u (rakk): ‫( رك الشيء في عنقه‬fī
further, promote, advance (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to ‘unuqihī) to saddle s.o. with the
ascend, rise, advance, progress VIII to responsibility for s.th., thrust s.th. upon
ascend, rise; to ascend (‫ هـ‬s.th.; also. e.g., s.o.
‫ العرش‬al-‘arša the throne), climb (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
on s.th., also ‫ العربة‬al-‘araba into the ‫ ركة‬rikka weakness feebleness
carriage); to advance, he promoted ( ‫الى‬ ‫ ركيك‬rakīk pl. ‫ ركاك‬rikāk, ‫ رككة‬rakaka
‫ مَنصب‬ilā manṣib to an office); to rise, weak, feeble; thin; colorless, pallid (e.g.,
increase (‫ الى‬to the number of); to style); scanty, meager, poor, pitiful
advance, rise, show an upward trend,
develop upward; to date hack. go hack (‫الى‬ ‫ ركاك‬rukāk weak, feeble
to a given time) ‫ ركاكة‬rakāka weakness, feebleness;
lowliness; inadequacy, poorness;
colorlessness, pallor (e.g., of style) 355
2
‫ ركة‬rukka distaff │‫ طب الركة‬ṭibb ar-r. (eg.) to commit, perpetrate (‫ هـ‬a sin, a crime); to
popular treatment of illnesses by means of pursue, practice (‫ هـ‬s.th. │ ‫ارتكب شططا‬
charms and incantations, practiced by (šaṭaṭan) to overdo s.th., go too far
women ‫ ركب‬rakb riders, horsemen, cavalcade;
‫ ركب‬rakiba a (‫ ركوب‬rukūb) to ride (‫ هـ‬an caravan; traveling party; retinue, escort;
animal); to mount (‫ هـ‬an animal); to go, procession, troop (of people)
travel (‫ هـ‬in a carriage, in an automobile, ‫ ركبة‬rukba pl. ‫ ركب‬rukab, -āt knee │ ‫ابو‬
on a train, on board a ship, etc.), ride (‫ هـ‬in ‫ الركب‬abū r-rukab dengue, breakbone
a vehicle, on a bicycle); to get, climb (‫هـ‬ fever (med.)
into a carriage, on a bicycle, etc.), board (
‫هـ‬a train, an airplane, a ship, etc.); to ‫ ركاب‬rikāb pl. ‫ ركب‬rukub stirrup; (pl.
pursue (‫ ه‬s.o.), be after s.o. (‫ ب‬with s.th.); -āt, ‫ ركب‬rukub, ‫ ركائب‬rakā’ib2) riding
to engage (‫ هـ‬in), embark (‫ هـ‬on); to Camel, riding animal, mount │ ‫حل ركابه‬
commit, perpetrate (‫ هـ‬a sin, a crime); to ‫ بأرضنا‬ḥalla rikābuhū bi-arḍinā he has
master (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( ركب البحر‬baḥr) to arrived on our soil; ‫ هو في ركابه‬he is his
travel by sea; ‫( ركبا الحياة‬ḥayāh) to master loyal follower, he doge his footsteps; ‫سار‬
life; ‫( ركب الخطر‬kaṭar) to embark on a ‫ في ركابه‬do.; to cling to s.o.’s heels, be
risky undertaking; ‫ركب خيوله الحربية‬ blindly subservient to s.o.
(kuyūlahū l-ḥarbīya) to get on one’s high
horse; ‫( ركب ذنب الريح‬danaba r-rīḥ) to ‫ ركوب‬rakūb mount, riding animal
speed along like the wind; ‫ركب رأسه‬ ‫ ركوبة‬rakūba pl. ‫ ركائب‬rakā’ib2 mount,
(ra’sahū) to act at one’s disoretion; to act female riding camel
rashly, follow a whim; ‫ركب السيارة‬
(sayyāra) to go by car, travel in an ‫ ركوب‬rukūb (horseback, camelback,
automobile; ‫( ركب الشطط‬šaṭaṭ) to commit etc.) riding; traveling (in a vehicle, by sea,
excesses, go too far; ‫( ركب الطيارة‬ṭayyāra) by air, etc.); mounting (of a bicycle, of a
to fly, go by plane; ‫( ركب مَتن العنف‬matna horse, etc.), boarding (of a train, of a ship,
l-‘unf) to commit acts of violence; ‫ركب‬ etc.) │‫ ركوب البحر‬r. al-baḥr navigation; ‫ركو‬
‫( مَركب الخطل‬markaba l-kaṭal) to make a ‫ ب الهواء‬r. al-hawā’ flying, aviation
foolish mistake, commit a folly; to embark ‫ ركاب‬rakkāb one who rides frequently,
on a reckless course, do irresponsible (professional) horseman or rider, jockey
things; ‫( ركب مَطية الخفاق‬maṭīyata l-ikfāq)
‫ ركبان‬rukbān retinue, escort │‫ذكره سار به‬
to back the wrong horse, be on the losing
‫( الركبان‬dikruhū) approx.: his fame has
side, fail; ‫( ركب الهوال‬ahwāl) to defy the
spread far and wide 356
horrors; ‫( ركب الهواء‬hawā’) to fly, travel by
air; ‫( ركب هواه‬hawāhu) to follow one’s ‫ مَركب‬markab pl. ‫ مَراكب‬marāk2 ship,
whim II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) ride; to put, place, boat, vessel │‫( مَركب بخاري‬bukārī)
fasten, mount (‫ هـ على‬s.th. on); to fit, steamship, steamer; ‫مَرك‬ī‫( حربي‬ḥarbī)
mount, insert, set (‫ هـ في‬s.th. in. e.g., a warship, man-of-war; ‫( مَركب دوري‬daurī)
precious stone in a ring); to build in (‫ هـ‬a patrol boat; ‫( مَركب شراعي‬širā‘ī) sailing
machine part); to assemble (‫ هـ‬e.g., the vessel, sailboat; ‫ مَركب لصيد‬m. aṣ-ṣaid
parts of an apparatus); to set up (‫ هـ‬a fishing smack, trawler; ‫ مَركب النقل‬m. an-
machine); to install (‫ هـ‬s.th.; techn.), lay (‫هـ‬ naql freighter, transport
an electric line, and the like); to assemble, ‫ مَركبة‬markaba pl. -āt vehicle; carriage,
put together, fit together (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cab
make, prepare (‫ هـ‬s.th. out of several
components or ingredients); to construct, ‫ مَراكبى‬marākibī pl. marākibīya
build (‫ هـ‬e.g., a technical apparatus) IV to boatman; ferryman
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) ride or mount │ ‫اركبه رأسه‬ ‫ تركيب‬tarkīb pl. -āt, ‫ تراكيب‬tarākīb2
‫( وهواه‬ra’sahū wa-hawāhu) to let s.o. have fitting in, insertion, setting; building in;
his head, let s.o. do as he pleases V to be fastening, mounting; assembling,
composed, be made up, consist (‫ مَن‬of) VI assembly; final assembly; installation
to be superimposed one upon another VIII (e.g., of a telephone extension);
composition; making, preparation (out of also one’s thoughts, ‫ في‬on) V to
several components or ingredients); concentrate; ‫ تركز‬tarakkaz ready! (starter’s
construction, building (techn.); structure; command; athlet.) VIII to be implanted; to
constitution, build, physique; -- (pl. ‫تراكيب‬ settle permanently, stay (‫ في‬at a place); to
tarākīb2) phrase, idiom; construction lean, support one’s weight (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬on);
(gram.) to he fastened, be mounted (‫ على‬on); to be
based, rest (‫ على‬on); to concentrate (‫في‬
‫ تركيبي‬tarkībī constructive,
on); to gravitate (‫ في‬to)
constructional
‫ ركز‬rikz sound, tone
‫ ارتكاب‬irtikāb perpetration (of a sin or
crime) ‫ ركزة‬rakza pause, rest, break
‫ راكب‬rākib riding, on horseback, ‫ ركاز‬rikāz pl. ‫ اركزة‬arkiza, ‫ ركزان‬rikzān
mounted; riding, traveling (in a vehicle); precious minerals, buried treasures of the
(pl. ‫ ركاب‬rukkāb, ‫ ركبان‬rukbān) rider, earth
horseman; (pl. ‫ ركاب‬rukkāb) passenger, ‫ ركيزة‬rakīza pl. ‫ ركائز‬rakā’iz2 treasure;
occupant (of a conveyance) │‫ راكب دراجة‬r. support, brace, shore, stanchion; pillar,
darrāja cyclist pier; post, pile; shoring
‫ مَركوب‬markūb pl. ‫ مَراكيب‬marākīb2 ‫ مَركز‬markaz pl. ‫ مَراكز‬marākiz2
riding animal, mount; (eg., syr.) red- foothold; stand, station; place where s.o. is
leather shoes │‫ ابو مَركوب‬abū m. (eg.) posted or stationed; post; (police, etc.) 357
shoebill (Balaeniceps rex; zool.) station; office, branch office (com.);
‫ مَركبات‬murakkabāt components, locality where s.th. takes place, scene,
constituents, elements, ingredients (esp. site, seat; position (mil.); headquarters;
chem.) main office, central office; central
exchange (telephone); center (of a circle
‫ مَركب‬murakkab mounted, fastened,
and fig.); focus; markaz, an administrative
fixed (‫ على‬on); fitted, inserted, set (‫ في‬in);
district (subdivision of a mudīrīya, Eg.);
built-in; assembled; made up, composed,
position, situation, office, post; (social,
consisting (‫ مَن‬of); compound. composite;
financial, official, etc.) status, standing;
complex; bound, not free; -- (pl. -āt)
power, position (of a country); situation │
composition; a compound (chem.); a
‫( مَركز اساسي‬asāsī) starting point, basis;
composite; a complex (psychol.);
‫ مَركز البوليس‬police station; ‫مَراكز حيوية‬
medication, medicament │ ‫( ربح مَركب‬ribḥ)
(ḥayawīya) vital centers; ‫ مَركز الدارة‬m. al-
compound interest; ‫( مَركب كيميائي‬kīmiyā’ī)
idāra main office, central office,
chemical compound; ‫ مَركب نقص‬m. naqṣ
headquarters; ‫ مَركز الداء‬m. ad-dā’ the seat
inferiority complex
of the disease O ‫ مَركز الذاعة‬m. al-idā‘a
‫ مَرتكب‬murtakib perpetrator (of a crime) broadcasting station; ‫ مَركز رئيسي‬main
‫ ركد‬rakada u (‫ ركود‬rukūd) to be motionless, office, headquarters; ‫ مَركز الرياسة‬m. ar-
still, stagnant riyāsa central command post; ‫مَركز رياسة‬
‫ الجيش‬m. riyāsat al-jaiš Supreme
‫ ركود‬rukūd suspension, standstill, Command of the Army (Eg.); ‫مَركز رعاية‬
stagnation; sluggishness; stillness, ‫ الطفل‬m. ri‘āyat aṭ-ṭifl health center for
tranquility children (Eg.); ‫ مَركز السكة الحديدية‬m. as-
‫ راكد‬rākid stagnant; sluggish sikka al-ḥadīdīya railroad junction; ‫مَركز‬
‫ الشرطة‬m. aš-šurṭa police station; ‫مَركز نيابي‬
‫ ركز‬rakaza u i (rakz) to plant or ram in the (niyābī) parliamentary seat, mandate; O ‫مَر‬
ground, set up (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a pole); to fix, ‫ كز التوليد‬power station
embed firmly (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to plant or ram in
the ground, set up, (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a pole); to ‫ مَركزي‬markazī central; district (used
position, emplace (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fix, embed attributively); ‫ لَمَركزي‬O centrifugal;
firmly (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cause to take root, decentralized (administration)
naturalize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to concentrate (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
‫ مَركزية‬markazīya centralism; centrality, ‫ ركن‬rakana u (‫ ركون‬rukūn) and rakina a to
central position or situation; ‫لَمَركزية‬ lean, support one’s weight (‫ الى‬on); to
decentralization quiet down, become or be calm, to trust (
‫ الى‬in), rely (‫ الى‬on); to be dependent, have
‫ تركيز‬tarkīz setting up; installation;
to rely (‫ الى‬on) │ ‫ ركن الى الهدوء‬to remain
implantation, establishment,
calm IV to trust (‫ الى‬s.o.), rely (‫ الى‬on),
naturalization; concentration │ ‫جهاز‬
place one’s confidence (‫ الى‬in); to resort (
‫التركيز‬jahāz at-t. stabilizer (tech.)
‫ الى‬to) │‫( يركن اليه‬yurkanu) 358 reliable,
‫ تراكز‬tarākuz concentricity dependable. trustworthy VIII to lean,
‫ ارتكاز‬irtikāz support recline, support one's weight (‫ الى‬or ‫على‬
on)
‫ مَركز‬murakkaz concentrated,
centralized; O condensed ‫ ركن‬rukn pl. ‫ اركان‬arkān support, prop;
corner; nook; basis, basic element, first
‫ مَتراكز‬mutarākiz concentric principle; pl. ‫ اركان‬staff (mil.); basic
‫ ركس‬VIII to suffer a setback, be thrown back; elements, chief elements │ ‫ اركان الحرب‬a.
to decline, degenerate, be degenerate; to al-ḥarb general staff (mil.); ‫ اركان الجيش‬a.
become stunted, atrophy al-jaiš do.; ‫ رئيس اركان الجيش‬chief of
general staff; ‫ وثيق الركان‬of strong build,
‫ ركض‬rakaḍa u (rakḍ) to race, rush, run; to run sturdy
away; to gallop (intrans., said of a horse,
and trans. ‫ هـ‬a horse) III to race (‫ ه‬s.o.), run ‫ ركنى‬ruknī: ‫( ضربة ركنية‬ḍarba) corner
a race (‫ ه‬with) VI to compete in a race; to kick (soccer)
run fast ‫ ركين‬rakīn firm, steady, confident,
‫ ركاض‬rakkāḍ runner, racer imperturbable; grave, calm, sedate
‫ ركوض‬rakūḍ fast-running, swift ‫ ركون‬rukūn reliance, confidence, trust
‫ ركع‬raka‘a a (‫ ركوع‬rukū‘) to bend the body, ‫ مَركن‬mirkan pl. ‫ مَراكن‬marākin2 washtub
bow (esp. in prayer); to kneel down, drop ‫ مَراكنة‬murākana (tun.) betrothal,
to one’s knees II and IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) engagement
kneel down
‫ اركان‬arkān reliance, confidence, trust
‫ ركعة‬rak‘a pl. raka’āt a bending of the
torso from an upright position, followed ‫ ركوة‬rakwa pl. rakawāt (syr.) small coffee pot
by two prostrations (in Muslim prayer of copper. having a long handle
ritual) ‫ رم‬ramma u i (ramm, ‫ مَرمَة‬maramma) to repair,
‫ راكع‬rāki‘ pl. ‫ ركع‬rukka‘ bowing to the overhaul (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- i (ramm, ‫ رمَة‬rimma)
ground to decay; to rot II to decay; to rot V to be
repaired, undergo repair
‫ ركل‬rakala u (rakl) to kick (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ رم‬ramm repair
‫ ركلة‬rakla (n. vic.) kick
‫ رم‬ramm: ‫ رم السنان‬r. al-asnān caries
‫ ركم‬fJ rakama u (rakm) to pile up, heap up, (med.)
accumulate, amass (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to
accumulate, be heaped up; to pile up, ‫ رمَة‬rimma cadaver
gather (clouds) VIII = VI ‫ برمَته‬bi-rummatihī whole, complete,
‫ ركم‬rakam pile, heap entire │ ‫سورية برمَتها‬all Syria

‫ ركام‬rukām pile, heap; lump; cumulus ‫ رمَيم‬ramīm decayed, rotten; ‫رمَائم‬


clouds ramā’im2 decaying bones

O ‫ مَركم‬markam pl. ‫ مَراكم‬marākim2 ‫ رمَام‬rumām decayed, rotten


storage battery ‫ مَرمَة‬maramma pl. -āt repair; shipyard
‫ تراكم‬tarākum accumulation (Tun.)
‫ ترمَيم‬tarmīm pl. -āt repair, overhauling, ‫ رامَوز‬rāmūz pl. ‫ روامَز‬rawāmīz2
restoration specimen, sample; O facsimile
‫ رمَث‬ramal pl. ‫ ارمَاث‬armā~ log raft ‫ رمَس‬ramasa i u (rams) to bury (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
cover, efface, wipe out (‫ هـ‬tracks) VIII ‫ارتم‬
‫ رمَح‬ramaḥa a (ramḥ) to pierce, transfix (with
‫ س في الماء‬to be immersed in water
a lance; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to gallop (horse)
‫ رمَس‬rams pl. ‫ رمَوس‬rumūs, ‫ ارمَاس‬armās
‫ رمَح‬rumḥ pl. ‫ رمَاح‬rimāḥ, ‫ ارمَاح‬armāḥ
grave, tomb
lance, pike; spear, javelin; pole │‫رمَي الرمَح‬
ramy ar-r. javelin throwing (athlet.) ‫ رامَوس‬rāmūs grave, tomb
‫ رمَاح‬rammāḥ pl. ‫ ة‬lancer; uhlan ‫ رمَش‬ramaša i u to take with the fingertips (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to wink, blink
‫ السماك الرامَح‬as-simāk ar-rāmiḥ Arcturus
(astron.) ‫ رمَش‬ramaš inflammation of the
eyelids, conjunctivitis
‫ رمَد‬ramida a (ramad) to have sore eyes; to be
inflamed (eye) II to burn to ashes, ‫ رمَشة‬ramša blink, wink
incinerate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to burn to ashes, ‫ رمَش‬rimš pl. ‫ رمَوش‬rumūš eyelashes
become ashes
‫ رمَص‬ramaṣ white secretion (of the eye)
‫ رمَد‬ramad ophthalmia, inflammation of
the eyes; eye disease │‫( رمَد حبيبي‬ḥubaibī) ‫ رمَض‬VIII to be consumed by grief and sorrow
trachoma, granular conjunctivitis; ‫مَستشفى‬ ‫ رمَض‬ramaḍ parchedness, scorchedness
‫ الرمَد‬muštašfā r-r. eye clinic (esp. of the ground due to excessive heat)
‫ رمَدي‬ramadī and ‫طبيب رمَدي‬ ‫ رمَضاء‬ramḍā’2 sun-baked ground │
ophthalmologist, oculist ‫ استجار مَن الرمَضاء بالنار‬approx.: to jump out
‫ رمَد‬ramid sore-eyed of the frying pan into the fire
‫ ارمَد‬armad2 sore-eyed ‫ رمَضان‬ramaḍān2 Ramadan, the ninth
month of the Muslim calendar
‫ رمَاد‬ramād pl. ‫ ارمَدة‬armida ashes │
‫اربعاء الرمَاد‬arbi‘ā’ ar-r. or ‫ يوم الرمَاد‬yaum ‫ رمَق‬ramaqa u (ramq) to regard (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
ar-r. or ‫‘ عيد الرمَاد‬īd ar-r. Ash Wednesday s.th.), glance, look (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬at) II to stare,
(Chr.); ‫( نفخ في الرمَاد‬lit.: to blow into cold gaze (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬at); to perform (‫ هـ‬work)
ashes, i.e.) to engage in futile perfunctorily and negligently, botch (‫ هـ‬a
undertakings, set out on a wild-goose job); to keep (‫ ه‬s.o.) barely alive V to wait
chase (‫ هـ‬for an opportunity, and the like)
‫ رمَادي‬ramādī ashen, ash-colored, ash- ‫ رمَق‬ramaq pl. ‫ ارمَاق‬armāq (last) spark
gray of life, breath of life │ ‫ سد رمَقه‬sadda
ramaqahū to keep s.o. or o.s. barely alive,
‫ ترمَيد‬tarmīd cremation, incineration eke out a living, manage to keep body and
‫ رمَز‬ramaza u i (ramz) to make a sign, to wink, soul together; to provide s.o. with a bare
nod, motion; to point (‫ الى‬to), indicate (‫الى‬ existence; to allay s.o.’s hunger; ‫على آخر‬
s.th.); to symbolize, represent or express ‫‘ رمَق‬alā ākiri ramaqin at the point of
symbolically (‫ الى‬s.th.); to designate (‫ل ب‬ death; on the verge of exhaustion, on
or ‫ الى‬s.th. with a distinguishing mark) one’s last legs
‫ رمَز‬ramz pl. ‫ رمَوز‬rūmūz sign, nod, wink, ‫ مَرمَوق‬marmūq regarded, looked at;
motion; hint; allusion, intimation; noted, of note; remarkable, notable,
allegory; riddle; symbol. symbolic figure, significant, important; lofty, proud
emblem, character; secret sign, code sign ‫ رمَك‬armak2, f. ‫ رمَكاء‬ramkā’ 2 ashen, ash-gray
359
‫ رمَكة‬ramak pl. -āt, ‫ رمَاك‬rimāk, ‫ارمَاك‬
‫ رمَزي‬ramzī symbolic(al}; in code, in armāk mare
cipher
‫ رمَزيات‬ramzīyāt cipher, code
‫ رمَل‬II to sprinkle with sand (‫ هـ‬s.th., so as to throw o.s., plunge (‫ في‬into s.th.); to have
blot it) IV to become a widower or a fallen down and lie prostrate; to lie,
widow V = IV sprawl (‫ على‬on) │‫ ارتمى الى الرض‬to fall to
the ground, tumble
‫ رمَل‬raml pl. ‫ رمَال‬rimāl sand │‫علم الرمَل‬
‘ilm ar-r. or ‫ ضرب الرمَل‬ḍarb ar-r. ‫ رمَي‬ramy (act or process of) throwing,
geomancy (divination by means of figures flinging, shooting, etc. │ ‫ رمَي الحربة‬r. al-
or lines in the sand) ḥarba javelin throwing, ‫ رمَي القرص‬r. al-
qurṣ discus throwing (athlet.); ‫اعدام رمَيا‬
‫ رمَلي‬ramlī sandy, sabulous; sand- (in
‫ بالرصاص‬i‘dām ramyan bi-r-raṣāṣ
compounds) │‫ ساعة رمَلية‬sandglass,
execution before a firing squad
hourglass
‫ رمَية‬ramya (n. vic.) throw, toss, fling;
‫ رمَل‬ramal name of a poetical meter
shot │‫ رب رمَية مَن غير رام‬rubba ramyatin
‫ رمَال‬rammāl geomancer min gairi rāmin many a shot is without a
‫ ارمَل‬armal2 pl. ‫ ارامَل‬arāmil2 widower (skilled) marksman (proverbially, of
unexpected or undeserved success)
‫ ارمَلة‬armala pl. ‫ ارامَل‬arāmil2, ‫ارامَلة‬
arāmila widow ‫ رمَية‬ramīya pl. ‫ رمَايا‬ramāyā game
animal (being shot at or already killed)
‫ مَرمَلة‬marmala sandbox
‫ مَرمَى‬marman pl. ‫ مَرام‬marāmin aim,
‫ ترمَل‬tarammul widow(er)hood end, purpose; goal (athlet.); range (of a
1
‫ رمَان‬rummān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pomegranate; ‫رمَا‬ gun); reach, extent │‫ حارس المرمَى‬goal-
‫ نة‬knob, pommel; (pl. -āt), ‫رمَانة يدوية‬ keeper; ‫ مَرمَى النظر‬m. an-naẓar range of
(yadawīya) hand grenade vision, field of vision
2
‫ ارمَن‬and ‫ ارمَنى‬look up alphabetically ‫ ترام‬tarāmin vastness, expanse │ ‫ترامَى‬
1
‫ الطراف‬vast expanse, vastness
‫ رمَى‬ramā i (ramy, ‫ رمَاية‬rimāya) to throw, cast
(‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fling, hurl (‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ رام‬rāmin pl. ‫ رمَاة‬rumāh throwing;
toss away, throw down (‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.); to thrower, hurler; marksman; rifleman (Syr.,
throw aside, toss aside, discard, lay aside ( mil.) │‫ الرامَي‬Sagittarius (astron.); ‫سهم‬
‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.); to shoot, fire; to pelt, hit, ‫ الرامَي‬sahm ar-r. Sagitta (astron.); ‫رامَي‬
bombard (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. with) shoot, fire (‫ ه ب‬at ‫ اللهيب‬flame thrower
s.o. with); to charge (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), accuse ‫ مَترام‬mutarāmin wide, extensive │
(‫ ه ب‬s.o. of), blame) 360 reproach (‫ ب ه‬s.o. ‫ مَترامَي الطراف‬vast, huge
for); to aim, drive, be aimed (‫ الى‬at), have 2
in view, purpose, intend (‫ الى‬s.th.), be out ‫ رامَية‬look up alphabetically
for (‫ ;)الى‬with ‫ بين‬to sow dissension among ‫ رن‬ranna i (‫ رنين‬ranīn) to cry, wail, lament; to
or between │ ‫( رمَاه بطلق نارى‬ṭalaq) he fired resound; to echo; to ring
a shot at him; ‫( رمَى بالغيب‬gaib) to practice
‫ رنة‬ranna pl. -āt scream; sound;
divination VI to pelt one another; to throw
reverberation, echo
o.s. to the ground, prostrate o.s., fall to the
ground; to throw o.s., fling o.s. (‫ على‬on); ‫ رنين‬ranīn lament, wailing; sound;
to plunge, rush, throw o.s. (‫ في‬into s.th.); reverberation, echo; resonance; ring
to be vast, extend far into the distance; to ‫ رنان‬rannān and ‫ مَرنان‬mirnān ringing,
come, get (information, report, news; ‫الى‬ resounding; resonant; reverberating,
to s.o.) │‫( ترامَى على قدمَيه‬qadamaihi) to echoing
throw o.s. at s.o.’s foot; ‫ترامَى بين ذراعيه‬
(dirā‘aihī) to throw o.s. into s.o.’s arms; O ‫ رنانة‬rannāna tuning fork (mus.)
‫‘( عاطفة ترامَى به عهدها‬ahduhā) a fooling that ‫ ارنب‬and ‫ ارنبة‬look up alphabetically
he had known long, long ago, a fooling
which lay far behind him; ‫ ترامَى الينا ان‬we ‫ رنح‬II to make dizzy, make stagger, send
have received word that ... VIII to throw reeling (‫ ه‬s.o.); to sway (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫رنح‬
o.s. (‫ على‬on, e.g., on the bed, on or to the ‫( اعطافه‬a‘ṭāfahū) to work up s.o.’s feelings,
ground); to fling o.s., fall (‫ على‬upon s.o.), send s.o. into a frenzy V to stagger, reel,
totter, sway; to shake, rock │‫ترنحت اعطافه‬ ‫ مَرهوب‬marhūb terrible, dreadful
(a‘tāfuhū) to get into one’s stride, become ‫ رهبن‬II tarahbana to become a monk,
ecstatic, be carried away; to be beside o.s. enter monastic life (Chr.)
‫ مَرنحة‬marnaḥa prow (of a ship) ‫ رهبنة‬rahbana and ‫ رهبانية‬rahbānīya
‫ رندح‬randaḥa to scan (verse) monasticism; monastic order,
congregation (Chr.)
‫ رنق‬II to cloud, muddy (‫ هـ‬water); to blur, dim
(‫ هـ‬the eyes; said of sleep); to halt, stop, ‫ رهج‬rahj, rahaj dust
stop over, stay; to look, glance (‫ نحو‬toward ‫ رهط‬rahaṭa a to gobble, gulp greedily
or at s.th.) │ ‫( رنق النظر الى‬naẓara) to keep
looking at, stare at ‫ رهط‬rahṭ, rahaṭ pl. ‫ ارهاط‬arhāṭ, ‫ارهط‬
arhuṭ, ‫ اراهط‬arāhiṭ2, ‫ اراهيط‬arāhīṭ2 group
‫ رنق‬ranq turbid, clouded (water) (of people), band, troop
‫ رونق‬raunaq glamor, splendor, beauty ‫ رهط‬rahṭ pl. ‫ رهاط‬rihāṭ leather loin-
361 cloth
‫ رنم‬II and V to sing (‫ ب‬a song); to intone (‫ ب‬a ‫ رهف‬rahufa u (‫ رهافة‬rahāfa) to be thin; to be
song); to recite in a singsong voice, chant sharp (sword); -- rahafa a (rahf) and IV to
(‫ ب‬s.th.) make thin (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make sharp,
‫ ترنيمة‬tarnīma pl. ‫ ترانم‬tarānim2 hymn, sharpen (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. fig.) │‫ارهف الذن‬
anthem; song; a kind of chanting (udn) to prick up one’s ears (‫ لفلن‬so as to
recitation; little story recited in a singsong catch the words of s.o.), (‫رهف السمع ل )الى‬
voice; little song (sam‘) to listen closely to
(‫ رنا )رنو‬ranā u to gaze, look (‫ الى‬at s.th.) ‫ رهف‬rahif thin
‫ رنى‬II and IV to please delight (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ رهيف‬rahīf thin; slender, slim;
sharpened, sharp
‫ رهب‬rahaba a (rahab, ruhb, ‫ رهبة‬rahba) to he
frightened, be afraid; to fear, dread (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ ارهاف‬irhāf sharpening
│ ‫ رهب جانبه‬see ‫ جانب‬II to frighten, scare, ‫ مَرهف‬murhaf thin, fine; sharpened,
alarm, intimidate (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II; to sharp │ ‫ مَرهف الحس‬m. al-ḥ. delicate,
terrorize (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to threaten (‫ ه‬s.o.); to sensitive
become a monk, enter monastic life (Chr.)
‫ رهق‬rahiqa a (rahaq) to come over s.o. or s.th.
‫ رهبة‬rahba fear, fright, alarm, terror; (‫ ه‬,‫)هـ‬, overtake (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) III to
awe approach (‫ هـ‬an age); to approach the age
‫ رهبى‬rahbā, ruhbā fear of sexual maturity; to be adolescent IV to
bring down (‫ هـ ه‬upon s.o. s.th.), make (‫ه‬
‫ رهبوب‬rahbūb great fear, fright, terror
s.o.) undergo or suffer (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ رهيب‬rahīb dreadful, awful, fearful, oppress, burden, overburden (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ب‬
terrible; solemn, grave with s.th.), lie heavily, bear down (‫ ه‬on
‫ ترهيب‬tarhīb intimidation s.o.) │‫( ارهقه جذبا‬jadban) to tug at s.o.
violently or too violently
‫ ارهاب‬irhāb intimidation, frightening;
threatening; terror, terrorism (pol.); ‫ مَراهقة‬murāhaqa puberty
sabotage ‫ ارهاق‬irhāq pressure, oppression;
‫ ارهابي‬irhābī terrorist(ic); sabotage suppression; heavy load (e.g., of work)
(used attributively); (pl. -ūn) terrorist ‫ مَراهق‬murāhiq adolescent
‫ ترهب‬tarahhub monasticism, monastic ‫ مَرهق‬murhiq oppressive (burden, heat)
life (Chr.)
‫ رهل‬rahila a to be flabby, soft; to be
‫ راهب‬rāhib pl. ‫ رهبان‬ruhbān monk bloated, fat (flesh, body) V do.
(Chr.)
‫ راهبة‬rāhiba pl. -āt nun (Chr.)
‫ راهل‬rāhil flaccid, flabby, soft, 362 ‫ترهل‬ ‫ رهان‬rihān bet, wager; competition,
tarahhul obesity, fatness contest
‫ مَترهل‬mutarahhil flaccid, flabby, soft; ‫ مَراهنة‬murāhana pl. -āt bet, wager
bloated, fat ‫ راهن‬rāhin pledger, mortgagor; fixed,
‫ رهمة‬rihma pl. ‫ رهم‬riham, ‫ رهام‬rihām drizzle, established, certain; lasting, permanent;
lasting fine rain current; present, actual │‫الظروف الراهنة‬
present circumstances; ‫ الحالة الراهنة‬the
‫ مَرهم‬marham pl. ‫ مَراهم‬marāhim2 salve,
present condition; the status quo
ointment; cream, cold cream; pomade
‫ مَرهون‬marhūn pawned, pledged,
‫ رهن‬rahana a (rahn) to pawn, deposit as
mortgaged, given as security; subject (‫ب‬
security (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ عند‬or ‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
to) │‫( المَور مَرهونة بأوقاتها‬bi-auqātihā) there
mortgage (‫ هـ‬real estate) III to bet, lay a
is a time for everything
wager (‫ ه‬with s.o., ‫ على‬on, that ... ) IV to
deposit in pledge, give as a security, pawn ‫ مَرتهن‬murtahan mortgagee, pledgee;
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII to receive or take in pledge, pawnbroker
as a security (‫ هـ مَن‬s.th. from s.o.); to 2
(‫ رها )رهو‬rahā u (rahw) to amble
pawn, deposit in pledge (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) subject (‫ ب‬to), make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ رهو‬rahw quiet, calm, peaceful,
conditional (‫ ب‬on); pass.: urtuhina to be tranquil; stillness, calm, peace, tranquility;
subject (‫ ب‬to) │‫( ارتهن نفسه ب‬nafsahū) to (pl. ‫ رهاء‬rihā’) crane (zool.)
pledge o.s. or dedicate o.s. to the cause of ‫ رهوان‬rahwān ambler (horse); pal-frey
X to demand as a security (‫ ه هـ‬from s.o. 2
s.th.) ‫ الرهاء‬ar-ruhā’ the city of Urfa (Gr. Edessa)
‫ رهن‬rahn pawning, mortgaging, ‫ رهون‬rahwana and II tarahwana to amble
pledging; -- (pl. ‫ رهون‬ruhūn, ‫رهونات‬ (horse)
ruhūnāt, ‫ رهان‬rihān) pawn, pledge; ‫ رهوان‬see ‫رهو‬
security (‫ ب‬for s.th.); hostage; mortgage. 1
hypothec; ‫ رهن ب‬depending on, (‫ راب )روب‬rāba u (raub) to curdle (milk) II
conditional on, subject to; -- rahna (prep.) and IV to (cause to) curdle (‫ هـ‬milk)
pending; depending on, conditional on; ‫ روب‬raub curdled milk, curds
subject to, liable to │‫ مَحل رهونات‬maḥall r.
‫ رائب‬rā’ib curdled (milk)
pawnshop; ‫ رهن اشارته‬rahna išāratihī at
2
s.o.’s beck and call; ‫ رهن سيطرته‬r. ‫( روب‬Fr. robe) rōb pl. ‫ ارواب‬arwāb dressing
saiṭaratihī under s.o.’s power or gown
dominion; ‫ هذا رهن ذاك‬this depends on that; ‫( روبابيكا‬It. roba vecchia) rōbabēkiyā: ‫بائع‬
‫ المسألة رهن اهتمامَه‬al-mas’ala r. ihtimāmihī ‫ الروبابيكيا‬junk dealer 363
the problem is being given every attention
by him; ‫ اودع السجن رهن التحقيق‬ūdi‘a s-sijna ‫ روبصة‬raubaṣa sleepwalking, somnambulism
rahna t-taḥqīq he was taken into custody ‫ تروبص‬taraubuṣ sleepwalking,
pending investigation somnambulism
‫ رهنية‬rahnīya mortgage (deed) ‫ روبل‬rūbel ruble
‫ رهين‬rahīn pawned, mortgaged, ‫ روبية‬rūbīya pl. -āt rupee
pledged, given as security; held in pledge;
security (‫ ب‬for); responsible (‫ ب‬for); ‫ روتانية‬rūtāniyā Ruthenia
subject (‫ ب‬to); (prep.) subject to, (‫ راث )روث‬rāta u (raut) to drop dung
depending on │ ‫( كان رهينه‬rahīnahū) to be
‫ روث‬raut (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ارواث‬arwāt
under obligation to s.o.; to be dependent
dung, dropping (of horse, camel, and the
on s.o.
like)
‫ رهينة‬rahīna pl. ‫ رهائن‬rahā’in2 pawn, 1
(‫ راج )روج‬rāja u (‫ رواج‬rawāj) to be spread,
pledge, security; hostage; mortgage,
circulate, be current; to find a good
hypothec
market, sell well, be in demand happy, be glad (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬about s.th.) │ ‫ارتاح‬
(merchandise); to be or become brisk, ‫ للمعروف‬to be happy to be of service, like
pick up (market); to be at band, be doing favors X ‫ استروح‬to inhale air,
available (‫ ل‬for s.o.) II to spread (‫هـ‬ breathe; to smell, sniff (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be
rumors, news, etc.), circulate, put into refreshed (‫ الى‬by or with s.th.); -- ‫ استراح‬to
circulation (‫ هـ‬s.th.; currency, rumors, be calm; to become calm; to find rest; to
news, etc.); to push the sale (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), take a rest, have a break; to be refreshed (
open a market (‫ هـ‬for an article); to sell, ‫ الى‬by or with s.th.); to rest, relax (‫مَن‬
bring on the market (‫ هـ‬an article); to from); to be delivered, be saved (‫ مَن‬from),
promote, further (‫ ل‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make be relieved (‫ مَن‬of); to calm down, relax; to
propaganda (‫ ل‬for), propagate (‫ ل‬s.th.) rely (‫ الى‬on); to be happy, be glad (‫الى‬
about), be pleased (‫ الى‬with)
‫ رواج‬rawāj circulation; marketability,
salability; sales ‫ راح‬rāḥ wine
‫ اروج‬arwaj2 more widespread, more ‫ ريح‬rīḥ f. (occasionally m.) pl. ‫رياح‬
common; better selling riyāḥ, ‫ ارواح‬arwāḥ, ‫ ارياح‬aryāḥ wind; fart;
smell, odor │ ‫ ابو رياح‬abū r. weather vane;
‫ ترويح‬tarwīj spreading, propagation,
scarecrow; ‫ سكنت ريحه‬sakanat rīḥuhū to
circulation; sale, distribution (of an article
expire, become obsolete, fall into
of commerce); promotion, furtherance
oblivion; ‫ هبت ريحه‬habbat rīḥuhū 364 he
‫ رائح‬rā’ij circulating, current; universal, was in clover, he was in luck’s way; ‫ذهب‬
widespread, common; salable, marketable, ‫ مَع الريح‬to go with the wind, vanish
in demand, selling well (merchandise);
‫ ريح‬rayyiḥ windy
brisk (business market)
2 ‫ روح‬m. and f., pl. ‫ ارواح‬arwāḥ breath of
‫( روج‬Fr.) rūž rouge
life, soul; spirit (in all senses); gun barrel
‫ )روح‬and ‫ ريح( راح‬rāḥa u (‫ رواح‬rawāḥ) to go │‫ روح القدس‬r. al.quds (qudus), also ‫الروح‬
away, leave, go; (with foll. imperf.) to ‫ القدس‬the Holy Ghost; ‫( لَ روح فيه‬rūḥa)
begin, set out to do II rawwaḥa to fan spiritless, insipid, inane; ‫خفيف الروح‬
(air); to refresh, animate, revive (‫ هـ‬the likable, amiable, charming; ‫ ثقيل الروح‬dull,
heart, the spirits); -- rayyaḥa to give (‫ه‬ boring, unpleasant (person); ‫طويل الروح‬
s.o.) rest, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) relax, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) long-suffering, patient; ‫حرصا على الروح‬
comfortable, provide rest and recreation (‫ه‬ (ḥirṣan) dangerâ (on warning signs)
for s.o.); to rest (‫ هـ‬e.g., ‫ عينيه‬one’s eyes) │
‫ روحي‬rūḥī spirituous; spiritual; pl. -āt
‫ روح عن نفسه‬to find recreation, relax,
spiritual things │‫ حالة روحية‬state (or frame)
amuse o.s. III to go in the evening (‫ ه‬to
of mind; ‫ مَشروبات روحية‬alcoholic
s.o.); to alternate, vary (‫ بين‬between two
beverages, spirits
things) IV ‫ اروح‬arwaḥa to stink, smell
bad; -- ‫ اراح‬arāḥa to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) rest, let ( ‫ روح‬rauḥ refreshment
‫ هـ‬s.th.) rest; to deliver, release (‫ مَن ه‬s.o. ‫ روحة‬rauḥa pl. -āt journey or errand in
from); to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) at ease, soothe (‫ هـ‬the the evening
heart, or the like); to relieve, free (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ مَن‬of), ease (‫ مَن ه‬for s.o. s.th.); to do (‫ه‬ ‫ راحة‬rāḥa rest, repose; recreation; ease,
s.o.) a good turn, gladden (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), leisure; vacation; comfort; (pl. -āt, ‫راح‬
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) happy (‫ ب‬by) │‫اراح نفسه مَن‬ rāḥ) palm of the hand, hand │ ‫بالراحة‬
(nafsahū) to find recreation from, relax leisurely, gently, slowly, at one’s ease; ‫بكل‬
from V to fan o.s. (‫ بالمروحة‬bi-l-mirwaḥa ‫ راحة‬unhurriedly, leisurely; easily, with
with the fan) VI to fluctuate, alternate, ease; ‫ بيت الراحة‬bait ar-r. water closet,
vary (‫ بين‬between; esp. with two figures toilet; ‫ اسباب الراحة‬luxury; ‫مَعدات الراحة‬
following); to intervene, lie (‫ بين‬between mu‘iddāt ar-r. conveniences; ‫فترة الراحة‬
two events) VIII to find rest (‫ مَن‬from); to fatrat ar-r. pause, rest, break, recess; ‫راحة‬
rest, relax, find recreation; to be satisfied, ‫ الحلقوم‬r. al-ḥulqūm Turkish delight; ‫راحة اليد‬
be pleased (‫ الى‬with s.th.), agree, consent ( r. al-yad palm of the hand; ‫ راحة القدم‬r. al-
‫ الى‬to s.th.); to like (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.), be qadam sole of the foot
‫ ريحة‬rīḥa smell, odor ‫ ترييح‬taryīḥ (eg.) installation; fitting in,
insertion
‫ روحية‬rūḥīya spirituality; mentality,
mental attitude, frame of mind ‫ ارتياح‬irtiyāḥ satisfaction, gratification;
pleasure; joy, delight 365
‫ رواح‬rawāḥ departure; going, leaving;
return, return trip (as opposed to ‫;)جيئة‬ ‫ استرواح‬istirwāḥ airing, ventilation; air
rest, repose │‫( في غدوه ورواحه‬gudūwihī) intake; respiration │ ‫( استرواح صدري‬ṣadrī)
(lit.: in his coming and going, i.e.) in pneumothorax (med.)
everything he did ‫ استراحة‬istirāḥa rest, repose, relaxation,
‫ رياح‬rayyāḥ pl. -āt (eg.) large irrigation recreation; - (pl.- at) intermission, recess,
canal, main canal (in the Egyptian pause, root, break; public resthouse (for
irrigation system) travelers; Eg.)
‫ اروح‬arwaḥ2 more calming, more ‫ رائح‬rā’iḥ: ‫( رائح وغاد‬gādin) going back
soothing and forth, walking up and down
‫ اريحي‬aryaḥī generous, liberal, ‫ رائحة‬rā’iḥ pl. ‫ روائح‬rawā’iḥ2 odor,
openhanded smell; fragrance, perfume; pl. ‫روائح‬
perfumes; flavorings (e.g., those used in
‫ اريحية‬aryaḥīya generosity, liberality,
baking)
munificence
‫ مَريح‬murīḥ restful, reposeful; calming,
‫ ريحان‬raiḥān (coll.) sweet basil
soothing; cozy; comfortable; flatulent │
(Ocimum basilicum; bot.); (pl. ‫رياحين‬
‫( كرسي مَريح‬kursī) armchair; club chair,
rayāḥīn2) aromatic plants │‫قلم الريحان‬
easy chair
qalam ar-r. or ‫( القلم الريحاني‬raiḥānī) a
highly decorative style of Arabic ‫ مَراح‬murāḥ see above under marāḥ
calligraphy ‫ مَرتاح‬murtāḥ resting, relaxing; relaxed,
‫ روحاني‬rūḥānī spiritual, immaterial; calm, serene; reassured, satisfied, content;
divine, sacred, holy; (pl. -ūn) clergyman, pleased, delighted │‫ مَرتاح البال‬at ease,
minister (Chr.) relaxed, serene, tranquil; ‫ مَرتاح الضمير‬of
peaceful mind, undisturbed by scruples
‫ روحانية‬rūḥānīya spirituality;
transfiguration ‫ مَستريح‬mustarīḥ resting, relaxing;
‫ مَراح‬marāḥ place visited in the relaxed, calm, reassured
evening; -- murāḥ, also marāḥ pasture; ‫ مَستراح‬mustarāḥ water closet, toilet
daytime pasture 2
(‫ راد )رود‬rāda u (raud) to walk about, move
2
‫ مَروحة‬mirwaḥa pl. ‫ مَراوح‬marāwiḥ fan; about, prowl; to look, search (‫ هـ‬for s.th.)
ventilator; O propeller │ ‫المروحة الخوص‬ in to seek to win (‫ على ه‬s.o. for s.th.), try to
(kūṣ) palm-leaf fan; ‫ مَروحة الخيش‬m. al-kaiš entice or tempt (‫ ه على‬s.o. to do s.th.); to
punkah, a canvas-covered frame approach, accost (‫ ه‬s.o.); to seek to
suspended from the ceiling for fanning a alienate or lure away (‫ ه عن‬s.o. from); to
room attempt to seduce (‫ ها‬a woman) │ ‫راوده عن‬
‫ نفسه‬to seek to tempt s.o. IV to want (‫هـ‬
O ‫ مَرواح‬mirwāḥ fan; ventilator (mor.)
s.th., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.), wish. have a mind, be
‫ مَرياح‬miryāḥ causing flatulence (food) willing (‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to want to have (‫هـ‬
‫ ترويح‬tarwīḥ fanning; ventilation, s.th.), desire, covet (‫ هـ‬s.th.), strive (‫ هـ‬for
airing; refreshment; diversion, amusement s.th.); to be headed. be bound (‫ هـ‬for a
(also ‫)الترويح عن النفس‬ place); to intend (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to
aim (‫ الى‬or ‫ مَن هـ‬with s.th. at), purpose,
‫ ترويحة‬tarwīḥa: ‫ ترويحة نفس‬t. nafs walk, have in view ( ‫ مَن هـ‬by s.o. s.th.); to drive (
stroll ‫ الى‬at s.th., ‫ مَن‬with s.th.); to be out (‫ الى‬or
‫ صلة التراويح‬ṣalāt at-tarāwīḥ prayer ‫ هـ‬for), be bent (‫ الى‬or ‫ هـ‬on); to mean (‫ه‬
performed during the nights of Ramadan s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬by); to have s.o. (‫ )ه‬in mind
with s.th. (‫)ب‬, aim at s.o. (‫ )ه‬with s.th. (‫;)ب‬
1
to have (good or evil) designs (‫ )هـ‬on s.o. ( □ ‫ روس‬II (from ‫ )رأس‬to point, sharpen (‫هـ‬
‫)ب‬, intend or plan to do s.th. (‫ )هـ‬with s.o. ( s.th.); to taper (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to supply with a
‫ ;)ب‬to be on the point (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ان‬of doing heading or title (‫ هـ‬essay, book)
s.th.), be about (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to □ ‫ ترويسة‬tarwīsa head, heading, title,
urge, induce, prompt (‫ ه على‬s.o. to do s.th.) caption
│‫ اراد به ان‬by this he meant that ...; he
2
understood it to mean that ...; ‫اراد به خيرا‬ ‫ مَراوس‬mirwās race track
(kairan) to wish s.o. well; ‫ اراد على ان‬to ‫ مَراويس‬marāwīs2 race horses
seek to induce s.o. to (do s.th.); ‫اراد العاصمة‬ 3
on his way to the capital; ‫اراد نفسه على الشيء‬ ‫ الروس‬ar-rūs the Russians
(nafsahū) he tried to bring himself to do it ‫ روسي‬rūsī Russian
VIII to repair, betake o.s. (‫ هـ‬to a place); to
explore (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ الروسية‬ar-rūsīya the Russian language

‫ رود‬raud exploration ‫ روسيا‬rūsiyā Russia │‫روسيا البيضاء‬


(baḍā’) Byelorussia
‫ ريادة‬riyāda exploration
‫( روستو‬It. arrosto) rostō, ‫لحم روستو‬
‫ رويدا‬ruwaidan slowly, gently, leisurely (laḥm) fried meat; rout
│ ‫رويدا رويدا‬gradually, slowly, by and by;
‫ رويدك‬ruwaidaka take it easy! slowly! ‫ روشن‬raušan pl. ‫ رواشن‬rawāšin2
skylight, scuttle
‫ مَرود‬mirwad pl. ‫ مَراود‬marāwid2 pencil,
little stick (originally for applying kohl to (‫ راض )روض‬rāḍa u (rauḍ, ‫رياضة‬
the eyelids) riyāḍa) to tame, domesticate (‫ هـ‬an
animal); to break in, train (‫ هـ‬an animal);
‫ ارادة‬irāda will, volition; wish; desire; to train, coach (‫ ه‬s.o.); to pacify, placate (‫ه‬
(pl. -āt) irade, decree (of a ruler); will s.o.) │ ‫ راض نفسه‬to practice (‫ على‬s.th.),
power │(ḥasaba) at will exercise o.s. (‫ على‬in) II = I; to tame,
‫ ارادي‬irādī intentional, willial, regulate (‫ هـ‬e.g., a river) III to seek to
voluntary make tractable, try to bring round (‫ ه‬s.o.)
V to practice, exercise o.s.; -- ‫تريض‬
‫ ارتياد‬irtiyād visit (to a place); tarayyaḍa (denominative of ‫ )رياضة‬to
exploration (take a) walk, promenade; to do physical
‫ رائد‬rā’id pl. ‫ رواد‬ruwwād visitor; scout, exercise, go in for sports VI to haggle,
reconnoiterer; boy scout; explorer; leader; bargain (with one another, over a price)
major (mil.; U.A.R.); precept, guiding VIII to practice, exercise o.s.; to train o.s.,
principle. rule (of conduct) school o.s. (‫ ب‬on or by means of); to (take
a) walk, promenade X to be or become
‫ مَريد‬murid pl. -ūn novice (of a Sufi glad, happy, cheerful
order); aspirant; adherent, follower,
disciple ‫ روضة‬rauḍa pl. ‫ روض‬rauḍ, -āt, ‫رياض‬
riyāḍ, ‫ ريضان‬rīdān garden; meadow │‫روض‬
‫ مَراد‬murād wanted, desired, intended; ‫( ة الطفال‬pl. ‫ )رياض‬kindergarten, nursery
design, purpose, intention 366 school
2
‫ رود‬see ‫رؤد‬ ‫ الرياض‬ar-riyāḍ Riyadh (capital of
‫ رودس‬rudūs Rhodes (chief island of the Saudi Arabia)
Dodecanese) ‫ رياضة‬riyāḍa pl. -āt practice, exercise;
‫ روديسيا‬rōdīsiya Rhodesia physical exercise, gymnastics; sport; walk,
promenade; relaxation, rest; spiritual
(‫ راز )روز‬rāza u (rauz) to weigh (‫هـ‬
exercise; ‫ رياضات‬religious exercises,
s.th.); to examine (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to consider ‫هـ‬
devotions (Chr.); mathematics │‫رياضة نفسه‬
s.th.)
r. nafshī walking, promenading; ‫الرياضة‬
‫ روزنامَة‬rūznāma almanac ‫( البحتة‬baḥta) pure mathematics; ‫الرياضة‬
‫( التطبيقية‬taṭbīqīya) applied mathematics;
‫‘( رياضة عقلية‬aqlīya) exercise of wits, ‫ مَريع‬murī‘ dreadful, terrible, horrible
intellectual games ‫ مَرتاع‬mutā‘ frightened, terrified,
‫ رياضي‬riyāḍī sportive, sports (adj.); (pl. alarmed
-ūn) sportsman; mathematic(al) │ ‫اخبار‬ (‫ راغ )روغ‬rāga u (raug, ‫ روغان‬rawagān) to turn
‫ رياضية‬sports news; ‫( مَراسل رياضي‬murāsil) off, swerve; to dodge, evade (‫ مَن‬,‫ عن‬s.o.),
sports reporter; ‫ اللعاب الرياضية‬sports get out of the way of (‫ مَن‬,‫ ;)عن‬furtively to
‫ رياضات‬riyāḍīyāt mathematics turn away; to go away (‫ الى‬to), depart,
leave (‫ الى‬for) III to deal in an
‫ ترويض‬tarwīḍ sports
underhanded, fraudulent manner (‫ ه‬with
(‫ راع )روع‬rā‘a u (rau‘) to frighten, scare, alarm s.o.), double-cross (‫ ه‬s.o.); to dodge,
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to startle, surprise (‫ ه‬s.o.); to engage in low trickery, play fast and
awaken s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬admiration, appeal (‫ ه‬to loose; to light with unfair means (‫ ه‬s.o.)
s.o.), please, delight, thrill (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫مَا‬
‫ رواغ‬rawāg dodge, shift, artifice, sly
‫( راعني الَ مَجيؤك‬illā majī’uka) your arrival
trick
has been a complete surprise to me II and
IV to frighten, scare, alarm, awe (‫ ه‬s.o.) V ‫ رواغ‬rawwāg sly, wily, insidious, crafty
and VIII to be frightened, be alarmed (‫مَن‬ ‫ رويغة‬ruwaiga dodge, shift, artifice, sly
at, by) trick
‫ روع‬rau‘ fright, alarm, dismay, fear; -- ‫ اروغ‬arwag2 more cunning, more
rū‘ heart, mind, soul │‫( هدئ روعك‬haddi’) insidious
and ‫( سكن روعك‬sakkin) take it easy! relax!
‫ القى )ادخل( في روعه‬to persuade s.o., make ‫ روغان‬rawagān turning off; swerving;
s.o. believe, talk s.o. into believing (‫ان‬ dodging, evasion
that), inspire (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫ خطر بروعه‬it ‫ مَراوغة‬murāwaga sly, underhanded
occurred to him, it came to his mind dealings; humbug, trickery; artifice,
‫ روع‬rawa‘ beauty 367 cunning; pl. -āt distortions, prevarications,
lies; tricks, wiles
‫ روعة‬rau‘a fright, alarm, fear; awe;
astonishment, surprise; perplexity; charm, (‫ راق )روق‬rāqa u (‫ روق‬rauq) to be clear, be
beauty, magnificence, splendor pore (liquid); to surpass, excel (‫ على‬s.o.,
s.th.), prove superior (‫ على‬to); to please,
‫ اروع‬arwa‘2 more wonderful, more delight, (‫ ه‬or ‫ ل‬s.o., also ‫ في عينه‬fī ‘ainihī
marvelous; more charming, more s.o.), give s.o. pleasure, appeal to s.o. (,‫ ل‬,‫ه‬
delightful; more magnificent; more ‫ )في عينه‬II to clarify, purify, filter (‫ هـ‬a
obvious, clearer liquid) │‫( روق دمَعه‬damahū) to refresh s.o.
‫ ارتياع‬irtiyā‘ alarm, dismay, shock (drink); to pacify, placate s.o., cool s.o.
off; ‫ روق البضاعة‬to make a clearance sale
‫ رائع‬splendid, admirable, wonderful,
IV to pour out (‫ هـ‬a liquid); to shed, spill (
marvelous, glorious, magnificent;
‫ هـ‬s.o.); to make (‫ هـ‬a liquid) flow │‫اراق مَاء‬
charming, delightful; awesome, imposing,
‫( وجهه‬mā’a wajhihī) to eacri1ice one’s
impressive, thrilling; clear as daylight │‫في‬
honor, lose all respect, lose face V to have
‫ رائعة النهار‬fī r. in-nahār in broad daylight;
breakfast
‫ في رائعة شبابه‬fī r. šabābihī in the prime of
his years; ‫ الحقيقة الرائعة‬plain truth ‫ راق‬rāq pl. -āt layer, stratum
‫ رائعة‬rā’i‘a pl. ‫ روائع‬rawā’i‘ an ‫ روق‬rauq pl. ‫ ارواق‬arwāq portico; horn
imposing thing │‫ روائع الفن‬r. al-fan ‫ روقة‬rauqa beautiful, pretty, handsome
masterpieces of art (of persons; for both gender, sing. and pl.)
‫ مَروع‬murawwi‘ terrible, dreadful, ‫ رواق‬riwāq, ruwāq pl. ‫ اروقة‬arwiqa tent;
frightening curtain, screen; flap of the tent for
‫ مَروع‬murawwa‘ frightened, terrified, protection against the wind (used by
alarmed Syrian Bedouins); sun roof of mate over a
bazaar (syr.); portico; open gallery,
colonnade, loggia; porch, veranda (syr.); ‫ رومَاني‬rūmānī Roman; Romanian;
pavilion of an exposition; living quarters, Romanic
dormitories and workrooms of the ‫ رومَانيا‬rūmāniyā Romania
students of Al Azhar University in Cairo,
divided according to provinces and ‫( رومَاتزم‬Engl.) rūmātism rheumatism
nationalities │‫ ضرب رواقه‬to pitch one’s ‫ روند‬riwand, ‫ راوند‬rāwad rhubarb
tent, take up quarters, settle down
‫ رونق‬see ‫رنق‬
‫ رواقي‬riwāqī stoic(al); (pl. -ūn) a stoic; 1
friar; ‫ الرواقية‬ar-riwāqīya Stoicism 368 ‫روى‬rawiya a (‫ ري‬ray, riyy) to drink one’s fill,
quench one’s thirst; to be irrigated; --
‫ راووق‬rāwūq filter rawā i to bring (‫ على‬or ‫ ل‬s.o.) water, give (
‫ ترويق‬tarwīq filtration, clarification, ‫ ه‬s.o.) to drink; -- rawā i (‫ رواية‬riwāya) to
purification tell, relate (‫ هـ ل‬s.th. to s.o.), report (‫هـ‬
s.th.), give an account of (‫ ;)هـ‬to pass on,
‫ ترويقة‬tarwīqa (syr.) breakfast transmit (‫ هـ عن‬s.th. on the strength of an
‫ اراقة‬irāqa pouring out; shedding, authoritative source), quote (‫ عن‬from a
spilling │‫ اراقة الدم‬bloodshed source) II to quench s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬thirst; to
water, irrigate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to give (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ رائق‬rā’iq clear, pure
to drink, quench s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬thirst; to water (
‫ مَال الروك‬māl ar-rōk (eg.) public property, ‫ هـ‬flowers, etc.); to moisten. wet (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
community property V to draw, obtain (‫ عن هـ‬s.th. from); to
1
‫ رول‬II to slaver, slobber, drool ponder (‫ هـ عن‬s.th.), reflect (‫ في‬on) VIII to
quench one’s thirst; to be supplied with
‫ روال‬ruwāl slaver, slobber water for drink, be given to drink; to be
2
‫(رول‬Fr. rôle) rōl role watered, be irrigated; to draw (on a
1
source, i.e., to obtain information from it)
(‫ رام )روم‬rāma u (raum, ‫ مَرام‬marām) to
desire, wish, want, covet (‫ هـ‬s.th.), crave ( ‫ ري‬riyy quenching (of thirst); -- riyy,
‫ هـ‬for); to wish (‫ ل هـ‬s.o. s.th.); to look (‫هـ‬ rayy watering, irrigation; moistening,
for) │‫( على مَا يرام‬yurāmu) as well as one wetting
could possibly wish, in excellent order ‫ ريا‬rayyan aroma, fragrance
‫ رام‬rāmallāh Ramallah (town in W ‫ روي‬rawīy thirst-quenching
Jordan, N of Jerusalem)
‫ روي‬rawīy final letter, rhyming letter
‫ روم‬raum wish, desire (in Arabic verse); rhyme │ ‫ذو روي واحد‬
‫ مَرام‬marām pl. -āt wish, desire, craving, monotonous (song)
longing; aspiration ‫ رواء‬rawā’ fresh (water)
2
‫الروم‬ar-rūm the Romaeans, the ‫ رواء‬ruwā’ prettiness, comeliness
Byzantines; Byzantium; pl. ‫ الروام‬al- pleasing appearance
arwām (the adherents of) the Greek
Orthodox Church │ ‫بحر الروم‬baḥr ar-r. the ‫ روية‬rawīya deliberation, reflection,
Mediterranean consideration │ ‫عن روية‬deliberately, on
purpose, ‫ عن غير روية‬offhand, casually
‫ رومَي‬rūmī pl. ‫ اروام‬arwām Romaean,
Byzantine; Greek Orthodox (Church) │ ‫ رواية‬riwāya pl. -āt tale, narrative;
‫( ديك رومَي‬dīk) turkey (eg.); ‫جبنة رومَي‬ report, account; story; novel; play, drama;
(gibna) a brand of cheese (eg.) motion picture, film │ ‫رواية‬
‫(مَحزنة‬muḥzina) tragedy; ‫رواية مَسرحية‬
‫ رومَا‬rōmā and ‫ رومَة‬rōma Rome (masraḥīya) play, stage play; ‫رواية سينمائية‬
‫ رومَية‬rūmiya Rome motion 369 picture, film; ‫رواية مَضحكة‬
(muḍḥika) comedy; ‫( رواية غنائية‬ginā’īya)
‫ الرومَان‬ar-rumān the Romano; the opera; ‫( رواية قصصية‬qiṣaṣīya, qaṣaṣīya)
Romanic peoples novel; ‫( رواية تمثيلية‬tamtīlīya) play, drama;
‫ رواية ناطقة‬sound film; ‫( رواية هزلية‬hazlīya) ‫ ريب‬raib doubt; suspicion; uncertainty
comedy │ ‫(بل ريب‬bilā) no doubt, undoubtedly,
doubtless; ‫( لَ ريب فيه‬raib) there is no
‫ روائي‬riwā’ī novelist; dramatist,
doubt about it; ‫ ريب المنون‬r. al-manūn
playwright; author, writer
unpredictable turn of fortune, threatening
‫ ريان‬rayyān2, f. ‫ ريا‬rayyā, pl. ‫ رواء‬riwā’ fate; misfortune
sated with drink; well-watered, well-
‫ ريبة‬rība pl. ‫ ريب‬riyab doubt, suspicion,
irrigated; luxuriant, lush, verdant; full,
misgiving
plump (face); succulent, juicy, fresh,
pretty; see also alphabetically ‫ ارتياب‬irtiyāb doubt, suspicion, distrust,
misgiving
‫ تروية‬tarwiya deliberation, reflection,
consideration ‫ مَريب‬murīb arousing suspicion,
suspicious
‫ اروائي‬irwā’ī irrigational; irrigated
‫ مَرتاب‬murtāb doubting, doubtful,
‫ ترو‬tarawwin deliberation, reflection,
skeptical; doubter, skeptic; (‫ به‬or ‫مَرتاب )فيه‬
consideration
doubted, questionable, doubtful; suspect,
‫ راو‬rāwin pl. rāwiyūn, ‫ رواة‬ruwāh and ‫را‬ suspicious │ ‫( مَرتاب في امَره‬amrihī)
‫ وية‬rāwiya pl. ‫ روايا‬rawāyā transmitter suspicious, suspect, under suspicion
(esp. of ancient Arabic poetry); relater;
‫ مَستريب‬mustarīb doubtful, in doubt (‫في‬
narrator, storyteller
about); suspicious
‫ مَرويات‬marwīyāt tales, stories, reports
(‫ مَستراب )فيه‬mustarāb (fīhi) suspect,
2
‫ راية‬see ‫راى‬ suspicious
3
‫ رؤيا‬see ‫رأي‬ (‫ راث )ريث‬rāta i (rait) to hesitate, delay, tarry
1
‫ ريا‬,‫ ريان‬,‫ ري‬see ‫روى‬ V to hesitate, tarry, be tardy; to give (‫ ب‬or
2
‫ في‬s.th.) long and thorough consideration;
□ ‫ رية‬riyya = ‫ رئة‬ri’a (see ‫)رء‬ to stop; to stay, linger (‫ في‬at a place); to be
3
‫ رياء‬see ‫رأى‬ patient, bide one’s time, temporize, wait
‫ ريال‬riyāl pl. -āt riyal, a silver coin: in Eg. = 20 ‫ ريثما‬raitamā (conj.) as long as, while;
qirš šāg (piasters); in Ir. = 200 fals; ‫ريال‬ when; until
‫ مَاريا تريزا‬Maria Theresa dollar ‫ مَرياح‬,‫ ارياح‬,‫ اريحية‬,‫ اريح‬,‫ ريحان‬,‫ رياح‬,‫ ريحة‬,‫ ريح‬see
‫ ريان‬Riyan (town and airport in S Hadhramaut, 370 ‫روح‬
on Gulf of Aden) ‫( ريخ‬G.) raik Reich
(‫ راب )ريب‬rāba i (raib) to disquiet, alarm, fill □ ‫ ريس‬rayyis (=‫ رئيس‬ra’īs) mate (Eg. Naval
with suspicion or misgivings (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫هـ‬ rank) │ ‫( ريس مَمتاز‬mumtāz) a naval rank
about s.th.); to give pause (.‫ ه‬to s.o.), make (approx.: petty officer 3rd class; Eg. 1939)
(‫ ه‬s.o.) 8top and think (‫ ان‬that), make (‫ه‬
s.o.) uneasy; to cast a suspicion (‫ ه‬on s.o.), □ ‫ رياسة‬riyāsa (= ‫ رئاسة‬ri’āsa) see ‫رأس‬
show (‫ ه‬s.o.) in a suspicious light; to ‫ رياسي‬riyāsī presidential
doubt, question, suspect (‫ ه‬s.th.) IV to
(‫ راش )ريش‬rāša i (raiš) to provide with
disquiet, alarm, startle, fill with suspicion
feathers, feather (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to feather one’s
or misgivings (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to have doubts or
nest, become wealthy II to provide with
misgivings (‫ في‬,‫ ب‬about), be suspicious (‫ب‬
feathers, feather (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fledge, grow
or ‫ في‬of) VIII to be suspicious, smell a rat;
feathers (bird) V to fledge (bird); to
to suspect, doubt, question (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬s.o.,
become wealthy
s.th.), have doubts or misgivings (‫ ب‬or ‫في‬
about), wavervdoubtfully (‫ بين‬between) X ‫ ريش‬rīš (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ رياش‬riyāš, ‫اري‬
to be invdoubt, be skeptical (‫ في‬about), be ‫ اش‬aryāš feathers; feathering, plumage;
suspicious,vhave misgivings, entertain clothes, attire, exterior; bristles (e.g., of a
doubts brush)
‫ ريشة‬rīša (n. un.) pl. -āt feather; quill; breath; ‫( اجرى الريق‬ajā) to make the saliva
writing pen (also ‫ ;)ريشة الكتابة‬brush (of a flow, i.e., to make the mouth water,
painter); plectrum; lancet; (eg.) reed (of stimulate the appetite; ‫( لَيجف له ريق‬yajiffu)
certain wind instruments, e.g., of the oboe; be is untiring (in speaking), he talks
mus.) │‫ وزن الريشة‬wazn ar-r. featherweight incessantly
(athlet.) ‫ ريق‬rayyiq: ‫ في ريق الشباب‬r. iš-šabāb in
‫ ريشي‬rīšī feather (adj.), feathery, the full bloom of youth
feathered, plumed, pinnate 2
(‫ رال )ريل‬rāla i and II to slobber, slaver, drool
‫ رياش‬riyāš household effects; furniture; ‫ مَريلة‬maryala (string) apron
equipment
‫ مَريول‬maryūl bib
‫ رياضيات‬,‫ رياضي‬,‫ رياضة‬,‫ رياض‬,‫ تريض‬see ‫روض‬
2
‫ ر‬look up alphabetically
(‫ راع )ريع‬rā‘a i (rai‘, ‫ ريوع‬ruyū‘, ‫ رياع‬riyā‘, ‫ريعا‬
1
‫ ن‬raya‘ān to increase, grow, flourish, (‫ رام )ريم‬rāma i (raim) to go away, move,
thrive II to increase, augment (‫ هـ‬s.th.) budge; to leave (‫ هـ‬a place) │‫مَا رام مَكانه‬
371 (makānahū) not to budge, not to move
‫ ريع‬rai‘ pl. ‫ ريوع‬ruyū‘ yield; returns, from the spot II to stay, remain (‫ بالمكان‬at
proceeds, income (accruing from an the place); (eg.) to bluff (‫ على‬s.o.)
estate), interest; profit share royalty;
prime, choicest part │ ‫ ريع الشباب‬r. aš- ‫ ريم‬rīm (eg.) froth, foam
šabāb the prime of youth ‫ ترييم‬taryīm (eg.) swaggering, bluffing,
‫ ريعان‬rai‘ān prime, choicest part │ ‫في‬ swindle
‫ ريعان الشباب‬fī r. iš-šabāb in the prime of 2
‫ريم‬rīm (= ‫ )رئم‬addax, white antelope
youth; ‫ في ريعان النهار‬fī r. in-nahār in broad 1
daylight (‫ران )رين‬rāna i to take possession (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬of
s.th.), seize, overcome (‫ ب‬,‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ ارض مَريعة‬arḍ marī‘a productive land said of passion); to descend or come upon
□ ‫ تاريع‬tārī‘ (eg.) cadastre; (also ‫مَساحة‬ s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to reign, prevail (‫ على‬in, e.g.,
‫ )الريع‬land survey silence in a room)
2
‫ رائعة‬rā’i‘a: ‫ في رائعة النهار‬fī r. in-nahār ‫ريان‬, f. ‫ ريا‬see ‫روي‬
in broad daylight (see also ‫)روع‬ 3
‫ ريان‬look up alphabetically
‫ ريف‬rīf pl. ‫ ارياف‬aryāf fertile, cultivated land;
country (as opposed to city), countryside,
rural ‫ الريف‬or ‫ ريف مَصر‬Lower Egypt;
seashore. seacoast; Er Rif (hilly coastal ‫ز‬
region of NE Morocco)
‫ ريفي‬rīfī rural, rustic, peasant (adj.),
country (used attributively); peasant, ‫ زاء‬zā’ name of the letter ‫ز‬
farmer; provincial, yokel, bumpkin;
inhabitant of Er Rif (in Morocco) ‫ زاؤوق‬zā’ūq quicksilver, mercury

(‫ راق )ريق‬rāqa i (‫ ريق‬raiq) to shine, glisten, ‫ زئبق‬zi’baq quicksilver, mercury


glow, burn; to flow out, pour forth IV to ‫ زاج‬zāj vitriol
pour out, shed, splll (see also ‫)روق‬
‫ زاجورا‬zāgōra Zagora, a brand of Egyptian
‫ ريق‬rīq and ‫ ريقة‬rīqa pl. ‫ ارياق‬aryāq cotton
saliva, spittle │ ‫ على الريق‬before break-fast,
‫ زأر‬za’ara a (za’r, ‫ زئير‬za’īr) to roar, bellow
on an empty stomach; ‫ بلع ريقه‬and ‫ابتلع‬
(rīqahū) (lit.: to swallow one’s saliva, i.e.) ‫ زئير‬za’īr roaring, roar, bellowing
to catch one’s breath, rest a while, take a ‫ زأط‬za’aṭ a (‫ زئاط‬zi’āṭ) to clamor, be vociferous
short break; to hold back, restrain o.s. (of
s.o. in a rage); ‫( بلعه ريقه‬balla‘ahū rīqahū) ‫ زاغ‬zāg pl. ‫ زيغان‬zīgān crow
to allow s.o. a break, let s.o. catch his
‫ مَوت زؤام‬maut zu‘āam a sudden or violent ‫ زباطة‬zubāṭa (eg.) bunch of dates
death ‫ زوبعة‬zauba‘a pl. ‫ زوابع‬zawābi‘2 storm,
1
‫ زؤان‬zu’ān darnel (Lolium temulentum; bot.) hurricane
2
‫( زان‬syr., eg.) beech │‫ ثمر زان‬tamar z. ‫ زبق‬zabaqa u i (zabq) to tear out, pluck out (‫هـ‬
beechnuts hair) VII to slip in
‫ زانة‬zāna pl. -āt spear; pole │(‫الوثب )القفز‬ ‫ زبل‬II to dung, manure
‫ بالزانة‬al-watb (al-qafz) bi-z-z. pole ‫ زبل‬zibl, ‫ زبلة‬zibla dung, manure
vaulting (athlet.)
‫ زبال‬zabbāl street sweeper; garbage
‫ زاووق‬zāwūq quicksilver, mercury collector
‫ زاي‬zāy name of the letter ‫ز‬ ‫ زبالة‬zubāla refuse, rubbish, garbage,
‫ زب‬zubb pl. ‫ ازباب‬azbāb penis sweepings
‫ زبيب‬zabīb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬dried grapes, ‫ مَزبلة‬mazbala, mazbula pl. ‫مَزابل‬
raisins; (eg.) a strong colorless liquor mazābil2 dunghill; garbage can
made of raisins, milky white when diluted ‫ زبون‬zabūn kicking (camel); hot, fierce, cruel
with water (battle); stupid, foolish; fool; -- (pl. ‫زبائن‬
‫ ازب‬azabb2, f. ‫ زباء‬zabbā’2, pl. ‫ زب‬zubb zabā’in2) customer, client, buyer; guest (of
hairy, hirsute, shaggy a hotel, end the like) │ ‫ زبون دائم‬patron,
regular customer
‫ زبد‬zabada a to chum (‫ هـ‬milk) II to foam,
froth, cream (milk) IV to froth, become ‫ زبون‬zubūn undergarment (nejd, ir.)
foamy, foam (also, with rage) ‫ زبانة‬zibāna clientele, patronage,
‫ زبد‬zabad pl. ‫ ازباد‬azbād foam, froth; custom
dross │ ‫ زبد البحر‬z. al-baḥr meerschaum ‫ زبانى‬zubānā pedipalpus or claw of a
‫ زبدة‬zubda (fresh) butter (as opposed to scorpion, of a crayfish (usually dual: ‫زبانيا‬
‫ سمن‬samn); cream; -- (pl. ‫ زبد‬zubad) ‫)العقرب‬
choicest part, prime, cream, flower, elite; ‫ زبانية‬zabāniya myrmidons; engels who
extract, quintessence; essence, substance; thrust the damned into Hell
gist, main point
‫ زبية‬zubya pl. ‫ زبى‬zuban elevated place above
‫ زبدية‬zabdīya pl. ‫ زبادي‬zabādīy bowl the waterline │‫ بلغ السيل الزبى‬balaga s-sailu
‫ زباد‬zabād civet │ ‫ سنور الزباد‬sinnūr az- z-zubā the matter reached a climax, things
z. civet cat came to a head
‫ زبادي‬zabādī and ‫( لبن زبادي‬laban) ‫ زت‬zatta (syr.) to throw
curdled milk (eg.) ‫ زج‬zajja (1st pers. perf. zajajtu) u (zajj) to
‫ مَزبد‬mizbad, ‫ مَزبدة‬mizbada pl. ‫مَزابد‬ throw, hurl (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to push, shove, urge,
mazābid2 churn drive (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o. or s.th.); to press,
squeeze, force, cram (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o. or
‫ زبر‬zabara u i to scold (‫ ه‬s.o.)
s.th., ‫ في‬into) │‫( زج به في السجن‬zujja, sijn)
‫ زبر‬zubr penis he was thrown into prison II to pencil (
‫ زبرة‬zubra pl. ‫ زبر‬zubar piece of iron ‫ الحاجبين‬al-ḥājibain the eyebrows); to
glaze, coat with glass (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to enamel (
‫ زبور‬zabūr (Book of) Psalms, Psalter ‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ زبرج‬zibrij ornament, ornamentation, ‫ زج‬zujj pl. ‫ زجاج‬zijāj ferrule;
decoration, embellishment arrowhead; spearhead
‫ زبرجد‬zabarjad chrysolite (min.) ‫ ازج‬azajj2, f. ‫ زجاء‬zajjā’, pl. ‫ زج‬zujj
‫ زبط‬zabaṭa i (zabṭ) to quack (duck) having beautifully arched eyebrows
‫ زبط‬zabaṭ (eg.) mud, mire ‫ زجاج‬zujāj glass (as substance)
‫ زجاجة‬zujāja (u. un.) pl. -āt piece of compliments, thanks); to bestow (‫ هـ ل‬s.th.
glass; (glass) bottle, flask; (drinking) on s.o.; e.g., praise) │‫ازجى الى الذهن ان‬
glass, tumbler (dihn) to suggest (the idea or assumption)
‫ زجاجي‬zujājī glass (adj.), glassy, that ...
vitreous ‫ مَزجى‬muzjan little, scanty, paltry,
‫ زجاج‬zajjāj glazier trivial, insignificant

‫ مَزجج‬muzajjaj glazed, enameled; ‫ زحر‬zaḥara a i (‫ زحير‬zaḥīr, ‫ زحار‬zuḥār) to


‫ مَزججات‬and ‫ مَصنوعات مَزججة‬enameled ware groan, moan

‫ زجر‬zajara u (zajr) to drive back, drive away; ‫ زحير‬zaḥīr, groan, moan(s)


to hold back, restrain, prevent (‫ عن ه‬s.o. ‫ زحار‬zuḥār, groan, moan(s); dysentery
from); to rebuke, scold, upbraid (‫ ه‬s.o.) (med.)
VII and VIII ‫ ازدجر‬izdajara pass. of I
‫ زحزح‬zaḥzaḥa (‫ زحزحة‬zaḥzaḥa) to move (‫هـ‬
‫ زجر‬zajr forcible prevention; s.th., from its place); to tear, rip (‫ هـ عن‬s.th.
suppression (of customs, abuses, crimes); off) II tazaḥzaḥa to budge, move(‫ عن‬away
rebuke, reprimand from)
‫ زجري‬zajrī reformatory, penitentiary ‫ زحف‬zaḥafa a (zaḥf) to crawl, creep on the
(adj.) │‫( مَعهد زجري‬ma‘had) reformatory, ground; to crawl about; to advance
reform school (army); to march, be on the march (‫على‬
‫ مَزجر‬mazjar: ‫ قعد مَنه مَزجر الكلب‬qa‘ada against or toward)
minhu mazjara l-kalb to sit at a fitting ‫ زحف‬zaḥf advance, march (of an army);
distance from s.o. (pl. ‫ زحوف‬zuḥūf) soldiery, army
‫ زاجر‬zājir handicap, impediment, ‫ زحف‬creeping, crawling
obstacle
‫ زحافة‬zaḥḥāfa pl. -āt reptile; implement
‫ زاجرة‬zājira pl. ‫ زواجر‬zawājir2 check, for leveling the ground, leveler; ski
curb; restriction, limitation
‫ زاحف‬zāḥif creeping, crawling; pl. ‫زواح‬
‫ زجل‬zajala u (zajl) to let go, release (‫ هـ‬a ‫ ف‬zawāḥif2 reptiles
carrier pigeon) 373
‫ زحل‬zaḥala a (zaḥl, ‫ زحول‬zuḥūl) to move away,
‫ زجل‬zajal pl. ‫ ازجال‬azjāl popular Arabic withdraw, retire (‫ عن‬from a place) II to
poem in strophic form; soft humming remove (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) V = I
sound produced by the jinn at night
‫ زحل‬zuḥal2 the planet Saturn
‫ زجال‬zajjāl reciter of azjal (see above)
‫ زحلقة‬zaḥlaqa to roll, slide (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II
‫ حمام الزاجل‬ḥamām az-zājil carrier tazaḥlaqa to glide, slide, slip, skid
pigeon, homing pigeon
‫ زحلقة‬zaḥlaqa: ‫ مَيدان الزحلقة‬maidān az-z.
(‫ زجا )يزجو‬zajā u to drive, urge on (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., skating rink
s.o.); to squeeze, press, force, cram (‫ هـ‬,‫ه‬
‫ تزحلق‬tazaḥluq skating; sikiing
s.th., s.o., ‫ في‬into) II to shove, push (‫هـ‬
s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to drive, urge on (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ه‬ ‫ زحلوي‬zaḥlāwī from Zaḥle (Lebanon), made
s.o.); to jostle, crowd, cram, jam (‫ هـ‬,‫ه‬ in Zaḥle (e.g., arrack)
s.th., s.o., ‫ الى‬into); to take or bring ‫ زحم‬zaḥama a (zaḥm) to push, shove, hustle,
(forcibly) (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ الى‬s.o., s.th. into); to make jostle, crowd, press, beset (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to
(‫ هـ‬time) pass; to pass, spend (‫ هـ‬time) IV push, shove, hustle, jostle, crowd, press,
to shove, push (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to drive, beset (‫ ه‬s.o.); to compete, vie (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
urge on (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to jostle, crowd, VI to press together, crowd together,
cram, jam (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o., ‫ الى‬into); to take mill .bout; to be closely packed lei in); to
or bring (forcibly) (‫ ه‬,‫ الى هـ‬s.o., s.th. into); compete with one another VIII ‫ازدحم‬
to make pass, while away (‫ هـ‬time); to izdaḥama to be crowded, teem, swarm (‫ب‬
extend (‫ هـ ل‬s.th. to s.o.; greetings,
with); to jostle, crowd together, mill about ‫ زخم‬zakim stinking
(e.g., people) ‫ ازخم‬azkam2 stinking
‫ زحمة‬zaḥma crush, jam; crowd, throng ‫ زخمة‬zakma plectrum
‫ زحام‬ziḥām crush, jam; crowd, throng ‫ زخمة‬zakama stench
‫ مَزاحمة‬muzāḥama pl. -āt competition; ‫ زر‬zarra u to button, button up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
rivalry │‫( لَ يقبل المزاحمة‬yaqbalu) screw, contort (‫‘ عينه‬ainahū one’s eye) II
unrivaled, matchless without competition to button, button up (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ تزاحم‬tazāḥum (mutual) competition ‫ زر‬zirr pl. ‫ ازرار‬azrār, ‫ زرور‬zurūr
‫ ازدحام‬izdiḥām crowd, crush, jam; over- button; push button; knob, pommel; bud
crowdedness (of a plant); tassel (of the tarboosh, etc.)
‫ مَزاحم‬muzāḥim pl. -ūn competitor; rival ‫ زرب‬zariba a to flow (water) II to pen, corral (
‫ هـ‬livestock)
‫ مَزاحمة‬muzāḥima (female) rival
‫ زربية‬zurbīya, zirbīya pl. ‫ زرابى‬zarābīy
‫ مَزدحم‬muzdaḥim overcrowded, packed,
carpet, rug
jammed; teeming, swarming, crowded,
crammed (‫ ب‬with); -- muzdaḥam crowd, ‫ زريبة‬zarība pl. ‫ زرائب‬zarā’ib2 zareba,
crush, jam 374 cattle pen, corral, stockade, fold; (cattle)
barn; (North Af.) hut made of branches
‫ زخة‬zakka pl. -āt downpour, heavy shower
‫ زاروب‬zārūb pl. ‫ زوارب‬zawārib2 a long,
‫ زخر‬zakara a (zakr, ‫ زخور‬zukūr) to swell, rise
narrow lane
(e.g., river); to be overfull, brimful (‫ ب‬of);
to boast (‫ ب‬of s.th.), vaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to ‫ مَزراب‬mizrāb pl. ‫ مَزاريب‬mazārīb2 spout
swell; to rise; to abound (‫ ب‬in), be full (‫ب‬ ‫ زربول‬zarbūl pl. ‫ زرابيل‬zarābīl2 and ‫زربون‬
of) zarbūn pl. ‫ زرابين‬zarābīn a kind of shoe
‫ زاخر‬zākir and ‫ زخار‬zakkār full, ‫ زرد‬zarada u (zard) to choke (‫ ه‬s.o.). strangle (
brimful, filled to overflowing; abounding ‫ هـ‬s.o.’s neck); to gulp, swallow, devour (‫هـ‬
in water (seas); excessive, profuse; s.th.) VIII ‫ ازدرد‬izdarada to swallow (‫هـ‬
exuberant (feeling) s.th.)
‫ زخرف‬zakrafa to adorn, embellish, decorate, ‫ زردة‬zarda sweet dish made of rice and
ornament (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II tazakrafa to adorn honey
o.s.; to be embellished, ornamented
‫ زرد‬zard pl. ‫ زرود‬zarūd chain mail, coat
‫ زخرف‬zukruf pl. ‫ زخارف‬zakārif of mail │‫ حمار الزرد‬zebra
decoration, ornament, embellishment;
makeup, getup (e.g., of a book); vain, ‫ زردة‬zarada chain link
trifling finery │ ‫( زخارف لفظية‬lafẓīya) ‫ زردية‬zardīya pliers
flowers of speech, rhetorical flourishes; ‫زخ‬
‫ ارف الدنيا‬z. ad-dunyā the vanities of this ‫ مَزرد‬mazrad throat, gullet
world ‫ زرزر‬zarzara to chirp
‫ زخرفة‬zakrafa pl. -āt decoration (also ‫ زرزر‬zurzur and ‫ زرزور‬zurzūr pl. ‫زرازير‬
stage decoration); ornamentation zarāzīr2 starling (zool.)
‫ زخرفي‬zukrufī ornamental, decorative ‫ زرزوري‬zurzūrī gray with white spots
‫ مَزخرف‬muzakrif interior decorator; -- (horse)
muzakraf embellished, ornamented │ ‫الخط‬ ‫ زرع‬zara‘a a (zar‘) to sow (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to spread,
‫( الكوفي المزخرف‬al-kaṭṭ al-kūfī) floriated scatter (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to plant, raise, grow (‫هـ‬
Kufic writing plants); to till, cultivate (‫ الرض‬al-arḍa
‫ زخم‬zakama a (zakm) to throat back (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- land); to lay (‫ لغما‬lugman mine) VII pass.
zakima a (zakam) to stink of I; VIII ‫ ازدرع‬izdara‘a to sow
‫ زرع‬sowing; (pl. ‫ زروع‬zurū‘) seed; ‫ زرقة‬zurqa blue, blueness, blue color; O
young standing crop, green crop; cyanosis
plantation; field(s) │ ‫( الزرع والضرع‬ḍar‘) ‫ ازرق‬azraq2, f. ‫ زرقاء‬zarqā’2, pl. ‫زرق‬
agriculture and stock farming zurq blue; dark-colored; ‫ الزرقاء‬the blue
‫ زراعة‬zirā‘a agriculture; tilling, tillage; sky, the blue
cultivation (of land); growing, raising (of ‫ ازرقاق‬izriqāq blueness, blue │ ‫داء‬
crops); farming │ ‫ زراعة البساتين‬horticulture ‫ الَزرقاق‬dā’ al-izriqāq cyanosis
375
2
‫ زورق‬look up alphabetically
‫ زراعي‬zirā‘ī agricultural, agrarian,
farm- (in compounds) │‫( ارض زراعية‬arḍ) ‫ زرقون‬zarqūn a bright red
arable land; ‫ طريق زراعي‬field path, dirt ‫ زركش‬zarkaša to embellish with brocade
road embroidery; to adorn, embellish, decorate,
‫ زريعة‬zarī‘a that whicb is sown or ornament (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
planted; crop ‫ زركش‬zarkaš brocade, gold and silver
‫ زراع‬zarrā‘ pl. ‫ة‬, -ūn peasant, farmer; embroidery
planter ‫ مَزركش‬muzarkaš embellished with
‫ مَزرع‬mazra‘ (arable) land brocade embroidery, brocaded;
embroidered (‫ ب‬with silver and gold
‫ مَزرعة‬mazra‘a pl. ‫ مَزارع‬mazāri‘ field thread); embroidered; embellished,
under cultivation; farm; plantation; decorated, ornamented │ ‫القلم المزركش‬
country estate (qalam) ornamental writing
‫ مَزرعاني‬mazra‘ānī farmer ‫ زرنيخ‬zirnīk, zarnik arsenic
‫ مَزارعة‬muzāra‘a temporary ‫ زرى‬zarā i (‫ زراية‬zirāya) to rebuke, scold,
sharecropping contract (īsl. Law) upbraid (‫ على‬s.o.), find fault (‫ هـ على‬with
‫ زارع‬zāri‘ pl. ‫ زراع‬zurrā‘ seedsman, s.o. because of s.th.); to revile, disparage (
sower; peasant; farmer; planter ‫ ب‬or J- s.0.), detract (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬from) IV to
derogate, detract (‫ ب‬from s.o. or s.th.),
‫ مَزروع‬mazrū‘ cultivated, planted
belittle, ridicule (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.) V = I;
‫ مَزروعة‬mazrū‘a pl. -āt young standing VIII ‫ ازدرى‬izdarā to slight (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
crop, green crop s.th.), make light, think little (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of),
‫ مَزارع‬muzāri‘ pl. -ūn peasant, farmer; defy (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬e.g., danger) X = VIII
agronomist ‫ زرى‬zarīy bad, poor, miserable,
‫ زرافة‬zarāfa pl. -āt body, group, cluster (of despicable, contemptible
people) │‫ زرافات ووحدانا‬see ‫واحد‬ ‫ زراية‬zirāya contempt, disdain;
‫ زرافة‬zarāfa, zurāfa pl. ‫ زرافى‬zarāfā, revilement, disparagement
zurāfā, ‫ زرائف‬zarā’if2 giraffe ‫ ازراء‬izrā’ contempt, disregard
2
‫ زرق‬zaraqa u i (= ‫ )ذرق‬to drop excrement ‫ ازدراء‬izdirā’ contempt, disdain, scorn
(bird); -- zaraqa u (zarq) to hit, pierce (‫ب ه‬
‫ مَزرى‬muzran despicable, contemptible
s.o. with); to jab, bore (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬into s.o. or
s.th.); to throw, hurl (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ زعبر‬za‘bara to deceive, cheat (‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ زرق‬zarq: ‫ زرق البر‬z. al-ibar injections, ‫ زعبوط‬za‘abūṭ pl. ‫ زعابيط‬za‘ābīṭ2 a woolen
injectings fabric; woolen garment with a low
neckline, worn esp. by the fellahin (eg.)
‫ مَزراق‬mizrāq pl. ‫ مَزاريق‬mazāriq2 javelin
376
2
‫ زرق‬zariqa a (zaraq) and IX to be blue
‫ زعتر‬za‘tar = ‫سعتر‬
‫ زرق‬zaraq blue, blueness, blue color; O
‫ زعج‬za‘aja a and IV to disturb (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
glaucoma (med.)
trouble, inconvenience, molest, pester,
harass (‫ ه‬s.o.); to disquiet, alarm make ‫ سم زعاف‬samm zi‘āf a rapidly killing,
uneasy, upset (. s.o.); to stir up (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ مَن‬or deadly poison
‫ عن‬from a place), rouse (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ه عن‬s.o. ‫ زعفران‬za‘farān saffron
from a state. e.g., from sleep, etc.), drive (
‫ مَن‬or ‫ ه عن‬s.o. from) VII to be stirred up, ‫ زعق‬za‘aqa a (za‘q) to cry, yell, shriek, scream
be roused; to be alarmed (‫ مَن‬by or at), feel ‫ زعق‬za‘q clamor, shouting, crying,
uneasy (‫ مَن‬about s.th.) screaming, yelling
‫ زعج‬za‘aj uneasiness, unrest ‫ زعقة‬za‘qa pl. za‘aqāt cry, outcry, yell,
‫ ازعاج‬iz‘āj disturbance scream, shriek
‫ انزعاج‬inzi‘āj inconvenience, trouble, ‫ زعيق‬za‘īq clamor, shouting, crying,
discomfort; disturbance, confusion screaming, yelling
‫ مَزعج‬muz‘aj annoying, troublesome, ‫ زعل‬za‘ila a (za‘al) to be bored, be fed up (‫مَن‬
irksome, inconvenient, unpleasant; with s.th.), be tired (‫ مَن‬of); to be annoyed,
harrying; disquieting; unsettling; pl. ‫مَزعجا‬ angry II to annoy, vex (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
‫ ت‬troubles, discomforts trouble, annoy (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ زعر‬za‘ir thin-haired ‫ زعل‬za‘al displeasure, annoyance,
irritation, vexation
‫ ازعر‬az‘ar 2, f. ‫ زعراء‬za‘rā’ thin-haired;
tailless ‫ زعل‬za‘il annoyed, angry, vexed, put
out
‫ ازعر‬az‘ar pl. ‫ زعران‬za‘rān (leb., pal.)
highwayman, brigand; crook, scoundrel ‫ زعلان‬za‘lān2 annoyed, angry, vexed,
put out
‫ زعارة‬za‘āra maliciousness, meanness
‫ زاعولة‬zā‘ūla annoyance, anger,
‫ زعرور‬zū‘rūr pl. ‫ زعارير‬za‘ārīr2 ill- irritation) vexation
tempered, peevish, testy, irascible;
azarole, Neapolitan medlar (Crataegus ‫ زعم‬za‘ama u (za‘m) to maintain, allege,
azarolus; bot.) claim, pretend (‫ ان‬that), declare (‫ ل ان‬to
s.o. that); to believe; to take (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. for or
‫ زعزع‬za‘za‘a to shake violently, convulse, to be ...), regard (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. as); │ ‫ زعم لنفسه‬to
rock (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to shake, upset (‫ هـ‬e.g., a claim for o.s. (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to set o.s. up as
resolve, a belief, etc.) II taza‘zaa to be leader; to 377 be the leader (‫ ه‬of), lead,
convulsed; to work loose, wobble, be command (‫ هـ‬a body of soldier, or the
loose; to shake, rock, totter │‫لَ يتزعزع‬ like); to pretend to be the leader, pose as
unshakable leader, be bossy
‫ ريح زعزع‬rīḥ za‘za‘ and ‫ريح زعزعان‬ ‫ زعم‬za‘m allegation, claim │‫ في زعمهم‬as
(za‘za‘ān) violent gale, hurricane they claim, III they say
‫ زعزعة‬za‘za‘a pl. ‫ زعازع‬convulsion, ‫ زعيم‬za‘īm, pl. ‫ زعماء‬zu‘amā’2 leader;
shock, concussion ringleader; colonel (Ir. 1922); brigadier
‫ زعزوع‬za‘zū‘ lean, skinny, lanky, general (mil.; formerly syr.); guarantor (‫ب‬
spindling of)
‫ مَزعزع‬muza‘za‘ convulsed, shocked; ‫ زعامَة‬za‘āma leadership; leading
upset, disorganized; tottering, shaky, position in politics
wobbly, unsteady, precarious ‫ مَزاعم‬mazā‘im2 allegation; claims,
‫ مَتزعزع‬mutaza‘zi‘ unsteady, shaky, pretensions; assumptions, conjectures
wobbly, precarious; tottering, rocking; ‫ مَزعوم‬maz‘ūm pretended, claimed;
fickle, uncertain, changeable alleged, so-called
‫ زعط‬za‘aṭa (za‘ṭ) to drive away ‫ زعنفة‬zi‘nifa pl. ‫ زعانف‬za‘ānif2, horde, pack,
‫ زعف‬za‘afa a (za‘f) to kill instantly (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV mob, rabble, rifraff; low hue, mean;
do.
pl. fins (of fish); flippers (of whale, ‫ زفة‬zaffa procession (of people),
seal, and the like) wedding procession; -- one time; ‫زفة‬
zaffatan once (= marratan)
‫ زغب‬zagab down, lid, fuzz
‫ زفاف‬zifāf wedding, wedding ceremony
‫ زغب‬zagib downy, fluffy, fuzzy,
│‫ ليلة الزفاف‬lailat az-z. wedding night
covered with fuzz
‫ زفوف‬zafūf ostrich; fleet, swift (camel)
‫ ازغب‬azgab2 downy, fluffy, fuzzy,
covered with fuzz ‫ زفيف‬zafīf sough(ing) (of the wind)
‫ زغبر‬zagbar nap (of a fabric) │ ‫اخذ بزغبره‬he ‫ مَزفة‬mizaffa bridal sedan
took all of it ‫ زفت‬II to smear with pitch, to pitch; to asphalt
‫ زغد‬zagada a to nudge, poke (‫ ه‬s.o.) (‫ هـ‬a road)
‫ زغر‬zagara a (eg.) to eye (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬s.th., s.o.), ‫ زفت‬zift pitch; asphalt │‫زفت وقطران‬
lear (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬at) (qaṭrān) (lit., pitch and tar) unpleasant,
annoying, awkward; damned (bad luck)!
‫ زغرد‬zagrada (‫ زغردة‬zagrada) to utter shrill,
long-drawn and trilling sounds (as a O ‫ مَزفتة‬mizfata pl. ‫ مَزافت‬mazāfit2
manifestation of joy by Arab women) asphalting machine
‫ زغاريد‬zagārīd2 shrill, trilling cries of ‫ تزفيت‬tazfīt asphalting
joy (of women) 2
‫ زفر‬zafara i (zafr, ‫ زفير‬zafīr) to sigh
‫ زغرط‬zagraṭa = ‫زغرد‬ deeply, heave deep sighs; to pant, groan,
moan; 378 to blow off, exhaust, puff out (
‫ زغاريط‬zagārīṭ2 = ‫زغاريد‬
‫ هـ‬air, breath)
‫ زغزغ‬zagzaga to hide, conceal (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (eg.)
‫ زفرة‬zafra pl. zafarāt sigh, moan
to tickle (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ زفير‬zafīr exhaling, exhalation,
‫ زغطة‬zuguṭṭa (eg.) hiccup
expiration; sighing, moaning, moans; see
‫ زغل‬zagala a (zag,) to pour out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to also alphabetically
counterfeit (‫ هـ‬e.g., coins), adulterate, 2
‫ زفر‬II to soil with grease begrime (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
debase (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ زفر‬zafar grease, greasy food │ ‫ثلثاء‬
‫ زغل‬zagal counterfeit money
‫ الزفر‬talātā’ az-z. Mardi Gras, Shrove
‫ مَزغل‬mazgal pl. ‫ مَزاغل‬mazāgil2 Tuesday (Chr.)
loophole, embrasure
‫ زفر‬zafir greasy; grimy; unclean, dirty,
‫ زغلل‬zuglala to dazzIe (‫ النظر‬an-naẓar the filthy; stinking, rancid, rank
eyes)
‫ زفزفة‬zafzafa soughing, whistling (of the wind)
‫ زغلول‬zuglūl pl. ‫ زغاليل‬zagālīl2 baby,
‫ زفن‬zafana i to dance, gambol
infant; zaglūl (eg.) squab, young pigeon
‫ زفير‬zafīr zephyr cloth
‫ زف‬zaffa (1st pers. perf. zafaftu) i (zaff, ‫زفوف‬
zufūf) to hurry; -- u (zaff, ‫ زفاف‬zifāf) to ‫ زق‬zaqqa u (zaqq) to feed (‫ هـ‬its young ones;
conduct in solemn procession (‫ ها‬the of a bird)
bride, ‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬to the bridegroom); pass. ‫ زق‬ziqq pl. ‫ ازقاق‬azqāq, ‫ زقاق‬ziqāq, ‫زقان‬
‫ زفت الى‬zuffat ilā to be married off to, be zuqqān skin (as a receptacle)
given in marriage to; to conduct in solemn
procession to her new home (‫ ها‬the bride, ‫ زقاق‬zuqāq m. and f., pl. ‫ ازقة‬aziqqa
also said of the bridegroom); to inform ( lane, alley; strait, corridor (geogr.)
‫ الى‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬of s.th.), tell (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to s.o.) ‫ زقزق‬zaqzaqa (‫ زقزقة‬zaqzaqa) to peep, chirp,
│‫( زف البشرى الى‬bušrā) to bring glad cheep; to feed (‫ هـ‬its young ones; of a
tidings to bird); to dandle, rock in one’s arms (‫ ه‬a
child)
‫ زقزاق‬zaqzāq pewit, lapwing
‫ الزقازق‬az-zaqāzīq2 Zagazig (city in N honesty; justification, vindication; alms-
Egypt) 379 giving, alms, charity; alms tax (Isl.
1 Law) │‫ زكاة الفطر‬z. al-fiṭr obligatory
‫ زقلة‬zuqla and ‫ زقلية‬zuqlīya (eg.) club, cudgel,
donation of foodstuffs required at the end
truncheon
of Ramadan, the month of fasting
2
‫ زقيلة‬zaqīla pl. ‫ زقائل‬zaqā’il2 narrow road, path,
‫ ازكى‬azkā purer; more befitting, more
trail
appropriate; better
‫ زقم‬zaqama u (zaqm) to swallow gulp, gobble (
‫ تزكية‬tazkiya purification, chastening;
‫ هـ‬food) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) swallow or
pronouncement of s.o.’s integrity or
gulp down (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII ‫ ازدقم‬izdaqama = I
credibility; attentation of (a witness’)
‫ زقوم‬zaqqūm zaqqum, an infernal tree honorable record (Isl. Law)
with exceedingly bitter fruit, mentioned in
‫ زل‬zalla (1st pers. perf. zalaltu) i (zall) and zalla
the Koran
(1st pers. perf. zaliltu) a (‫ زلل‬zalal) to slip;
(‫ زقا )زقو‬zaqā u to cry, crow, peep, cheep to make a mistake, commit an error, a slip;
‫ زقاء‬zuqā’ crowing (of a rooster) to slide off s.o. (‫)عن‬, fail to affect s.o. (‫;عن‬
said of evil) IV to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to slip; to
‫ زكب‬zakaba u (‫ زكوب‬zukūb) to fill up, fill (‫هـ‬ make (‫ ه‬s.o.) stumble or trip
s.th.)
‫ زل‬zall a kind of reed (syr.)
‫ زكيبة‬zakība pl. ‫ زكائب‬zakā’ib2 (eg.)
sack, bag, gunny sack ‫ زلة‬zalla slip, lapse │ ‫ زلة اللسان‬z. lisān
slip of the tongue
‫ زكرة‬zukra pl. ‫ زكر‬zukar small (wine)skin; -- a
wind instrument resembling the oboe ‫ زل‬zalal slip, slipping; lapse; mistake,
(tun.) error, oversight

‫ زكم‬pass. zukima to catch a cold ‫ زلَل‬zulāl cold water ‫ زلَل البيض‬z. al-
baiḍ white of egg, albumen
‫ زكام‬zukām (common) cold, catarrh
‫ زلَلي‬zulālī albuminous; ‫زلَليات‬
‫ زكمة‬zakma (common) cold, catarrh zulālīyāt proteins │‫( مَواد زلَلية‬mawādd2)
‫ زكانة‬zakāna flair; intuition proteins
(‫ زكو‬and ‫ زكا )زكى‬zakā u (‫ زكاء‬zakā’) to thrive; ‫ زلابية‬zalābiya pl. -āt a kind of doughnut
to grow, increase; to be pure in heart, be cooked in oil and sprinkled with sugar
just, righteous, good; to be fit, suitable (‫ب‬ 1
‫ زلج‬zalaja a (‫ زلوج‬zulūj) and zalija a to slip; to
for s.o.), befit (‫ ب‬s.o.); --zakiya a to grow, slide along, glide along V do. │ ‫تزلج على‬
increase II to increase, augment, make ‫( الثلج‬talj) to skate VII = V
grow (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to purify, chasten (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to justify, vindicate (‫ ه‬s.o.), vouch for, or ‫ زلج‬zalj slippery
bear witness to, s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬integrity, declare ‫ زليج‬zalīj slippery
(‫ ه‬s.o.) honest, upright or just, attest the
‫ مَزلج‬mizlaj pl. ‫ مَزالج‬mazālij2 skate
honorable record of s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to attest the
truth, validity or credibility of s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to ‫ مَزلاج‬mizlāj pl. ‫ مَزاليج‬mazālīj2 (sliding)
command, praise (‫ ه‬s.o.); to recommend bolt (on a door)
IV to cause to grow; to grow (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to 2
‫ زليج‬zulaij faïence, ornamental tile
be purified, be chastened
‫ زليجي‬zulaijī faience, ornamental tile
‫ زكي‬zakīy pl. ‫ ازكياء‬azkiyā’2 pure;
chaste; guiltless, blameless, sinless; also = ‫ زلزل‬zalzala to shake, rook, convulse,
‫ ذكي‬dakīy, e.g., ‫)رائحة زكية‬ cause to tremble (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.); pass.
zulzila also: to waver, stumble II tazalzala
‫ زكاء‬zakā’ growth; (moral) purity, to quake (earth)
integrity, honesty, righteousness
‫ زلزلة‬zalzala pl. ‫ زلَزل‬zalāzil earthquake
(‫ زكاة )زكوة‬zakāh pl. ‫ زكا‬zakan, ‫زكوات‬
zakawāt purity; justness, integrity,
‫ زلزال‬zalzāl, zilzāl concussion, shock, ‫ مَزلق‬mizlaq skate; ‫ مَزلقان‬a pair of skates
convulsion; earthquake │ O ‫‘( مَزلق ذو عجلت‬ajalāt) roller skate
‫ زلط‬zalaṭa u to swallow, gulp down, gobble (‫هـ‬ ‫ مَزلقة‬mizlaqa pl. ‫ مَزالق‬mazāliq2 sleigh,
s.th.) II to strip, undress (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to sledge, sled; toboggan
undress, strip ‫ انزلاق‬inzilāq slipping, sliding, skidding;
‫ زلط‬zulṭ nakedness, nudity skiing; skating
‫ زلط‬zalaṭ (coll.; n. un. ‫( )ة‬eg.) gravel, ‫ مَنزلق‬munzaliq: ‫ باب مَنزلق‬sliding door
pebbles; road metal, ballast 1
‫ زلم‬zalam pl. ‫ ازلام‬azlām arrow without head
‫ زلعة‬zal‘a pl. ‫ زلع‬zila‘ (eg.) a kind of tall clay and feathers, used in divination
jar 2
‫ زلومَة‬zullūma, zallūma pl. ‫ زلَلم‬zalālim2 trunk
2
‫ زلعوم‬zal‘ūm pl. ‫ زلاعيم‬zalā‘īm gullet, throat (of an elephant)
‫ زلف‬zalafa u (zalf, zalaf, ‫ زليف‬zalīf) to ‫ زم‬zamma u (zamm) to tie up, fasten, tighten (
approach (‫ الى‬s.o. or s.th.), advance (‫الى‬ ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to truss up (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( زم بانفه‬bi-
toward), go near II to exaggerate, blow up anfihī) to turn up one’s nose, be
(‫ هـ‬a report, ‫ في‬in) IV to bring near, bring supercilious II to bridle (‫ هـ‬a camel), put
close (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) V to flatter (‫ الى‬s.o.), the bridle (‫ هـ‬on a camel)
fawn (‫ الى‬upon s.o.), curry favor, ingratiate ‫ زمَام‬zimām pl. ‫ ازمَة‬azimma camel
o.s. (‫ الى‬with s.o., also ‫ )ل‬VIII ‫ازدلف‬ halter, nose rope of the camel; rein, bridle;
izdalafa to flatter halter; day hook; register; ground, land │ ‫ب‬
‫ زلف‬zalaf servile flattery, sycophancy, ‫ زمَامَه‬under his supervision, under his
toadyism, bootlicking direction, ‫ زمَام المَر‬z. al-amr reins of
power, ‫ قبض على ازمَة المَر‬to hold the reins
‫ زلفة‬zulfa and ‫ زلفى‬zulfā servile flattery,
of power in one’s hand, be in control of
sycophancy, toadyism, bootlicking
power, wield power; ‫ تولى زمَام الحكم‬tawallā
‫ مَتزلف‬mutazallif sycophant, toady, z. al-ḥukm to seize the reins of power,
bootlicker assume power
‫ زلق‬zaliqa a (zalaq) and zalaqa u (zalq) to ‫ زمَت‬V to be prim, sedate, staid
glide, slide; to slip II to make slippery (‫هـ‬
‫ زمَت‬tazammut primness gravity,
s.th.); to slip, glide (‫ في هـ‬s.th. into) IV to
cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to slip │ ‫( ازلقه ببصره‬bi- sedateness
baṣarihī) to look at s.o. sternly or ‫ مَتزمَت‬mutazammit grave, stern, staid,
disapprovingly V and VII to glide, slide; sedate (character); prim; narrow-minded
to skid, slither, slide (‫ الى‬into s.th.), to slip; J'!-j zam;ara (;j~j zam;ara) to .oold, to
to ski; to skate │ ‫( انزلق على الثلج‬talj) 380 to
ski; to skate VII to slip from s.o.’s (‫)عن‬ storm, rage, rave
hand, from s.th. (‫)عن‬ ‫ زمَجر‬zamjara (‫ زمَجرة‬zamjara) to scold; to
‫ زلق‬zaliq slippery storm, rage, rave
1
‫زلقة‬zalqa (n. vic.) slip, skid, slideslip ‫ زمَر‬zamara i u (zamr, ‫ زمَير‬zamīr) to blow,
play (a wind instrument) II do.
‫ زلاقة‬zalāqa slipperiness
‫ زمَر‬zamr blowing, playing (of a wind
‫ زلاقة‬zallāqa pl. -āt sleigh, sledge, sled; instrument)
toboggan; toboggan chute, sledding
course; gutter, eaves trough ‫ زمَر‬zamr pl. ‫ زمَور‬zumūr a wind
instrument resembling the shoe; horn (of
‫ مَزلق‬mazlaq pl. ‫ مَزالق‬mazāliq2 slippery an automobile; syr.)
spot; slide, chute; esp. pl. treacherous,
perilous ground, pitfalls, dangers, perils ‫ زمَرة‬zumra pl. ‫ زمَر‬zumar troop; group
(of people); ‫ زمَرة دمَوية‬blood group
‫ مَزلقان‬mazlaqān (dual) (loading) ramp;
gradient, ramp, driveway, access road
‫ زمَار‬zammār player (on a wind ‫ زمَالة‬zamāla comradeship;
instrument), piper colleagueship; fellowship │‫زمَالة دراسية‬
(dirāsīya) scholarship, stipend (ir.)
‫ زمَارة‬zammāra, zummāra pl. ‫زمَامَير‬
zamāmīr2 (eg.) a wood-wind instrument 2
‫ ازمَيل‬izmīl pl. ‫ ازامَيل‬azāmīl2 chisel
consisting of two pipes, related to the ‫ زمَن‬zamina a (‫ زمَانة‬zamāna) to be chronically
clarinet; siren │‫ زمَارة النذار‬z. al-indār ill IV to stay long, remain (‫ ب‬at a place);
warning siren to last long; to be chronic (disease)
‫ مَزمَار‬mizmār single-pipe wood-wind ‫ زمَن‬zaman pl. ‫ ازمَان‬azmān time; period,
instrument resembling the oboe stretch of time; duration; ‫ زمَنا‬zamanan for
‫ مَزمَور‬mazmūr pl. ‫ مَزامَير‬mazāmīr2 some time
psalm ‫ زمَنة‬zamana period or time
2
‫ ازمَير‬izmīr2 Izmir, Smyrna (seaport in W ‫ زمَن‬zamin, ‫ زمَين‬zamīn pl. ‫ زمَنى‬zamnā
Turkey) chronically ill
‫ زمَرد‬zumurrud emerald ‫ زمَان‬zamān pl. ‫ ازمَنة‬azmina time;
‫ زمَردى‬zumurrudī emerald(-colored) duration; fortune, late, destiny │ ‫مَن زمَان‬
for some time (past), for quite a while; ‫على‬
‫ زمَزم‬zamzama to rumble, roll (thunder); to
murmur ‫ الزمَان‬always, ever; ‫ اهل زمَانه‬ahl z. his
contemporaries
‫ زمَزم‬zamzam copious, abundant (esp.
‫ زمَنى‬zamanī temporal, time (adj.);
water); Zemzem, name of a well in Mecca
worldly, earthly; passing, transient,
‫ زمَزمَية‬zamzamīya water flasak, transitory; secular │‫ الغام زمَنية‬mines with
canteen; O thermos bottle time fuse; ‫( قنبلة زمَنية‬qunbula) time bomb
‫ زمَزمَة‬zamzama pl. ‫ زمَازم‬zamāzim2 roll ‫ زمَاني‬zamānī temporal, time; worldly,
of thunder; roar of a lion 381 earthly; passing, transient, transitory;
‫ زمَط‬zamaṭa to escape, slip away secular

‫ زمَع‬II end IV to determine (‫ هـ‬,‫ على‬on), decide, ‫ زمَنية‬zamanīya and ‫ زمَانية‬zamānīya


resolve, be determined (‫ هـ‬,‫ على‬to do s.th.) period or time, given time

‫ مَزمَع‬muzmi‘ determined, rseolved; -- ‫ زمَانة‬zamāna chronic illness


muzma‘ and ‫ مَزمَع عليه‬decided; imminent; ‫ مَزمَن‬muzmin lasting, enduring, long,
forthcoming, prospective │ ‫المؤتمر المزمَع‬ lived; old, deep-seated, inveterate; chronic
‫ عقده في‬... al-mu’tamar al-m. ‘aqduhū fī the
‫ زمَهر‬zamhara to become red, flushed, blood-
conference which is to be held on (with
shot IV ‫ ازمَهر‬izmaharra do.
following date)
1 ‫ زمَهرير‬zamharīr bitter cold, severe frost
‫ زمَل‬III to keep (‫ ه‬s.o.) company, be s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
companion, be a colleague or associate ( ‫ه‬ ‫ زن‬zanna u (zann) to buzz, drone (insect)
‫ في‬of s.o. in s.th.); to accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI ‫ زن‬zann buzz(ing), drone
to be comrades, be close companions
‫ زنأ‬zana’a to be limited, be restricted, be
‫ زمَلة‬zumla party, company (of people) confined, be curbed, be suppressed II to
‫ زمَيل‬zamīl pl. ‫ زمَلاء‬zumalā’2 restrict, keep within bounds, beset, harry,
companion, crony, associate, comrade; drive in a corner (‫ على‬s.o.)
colleague; accomplice ‫ زنبر‬II tazanbara to display proud, haughty
‫ زمَيلة‬zamiīla pl. -āt (woman) manners (‫ على‬toward s.o.)
companion; (woman) colleague; sister ‫ زنبور‬zunbūr pl. ‫ زنابير‬zanābīr2 hornet
ship
‫ زنبرك‬zanbarak, zunburuk, zunburak pl. ‫زنابك‬
(metal) spring; spiral spring; cock (of a
rifle, etc.)
‫ زنبق‬zanbaq (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ زنابق‬zanābiq2 on short rations, scrimp (‫ على‬s.o.), be
lily; iris (bot.) stingy, tight-fisted (‫ على‬toward)
□ ‫ زنبلك‬zanbalik = ‫زنبرك‬ ‫ زنقة‬zanaqa (magr. zanga) pl. ‫ زنق‬zinaq
narrow street, lane, alley, dead-end street
‫ زنبيل‬zanbīl, zinbīl pl. ‫ زناببيل‬zanābīl2 basket
made of palm leaves ‫ زنق‬zināq neckband, collar
‫ زنتاري‬zintārī dysentery ‫ زنك‬zink zinc
‫ زنج‬zanj, zinj (coll.) pl. ‫ زنوج‬zunūj Negro(es) ‫ زنمردة‬zanmarda virago, termagant
‫ زنجي‬zanjī, zinjī Negro (adj. and n.) ‫ زنيم‬zanīm low, despised, ignoble, mean;
bastard; stranger, outsider
‫ زنجبار‬zanjabār Zanzibar (island and seaport of
E African coast) 382 ‫ زنى‬zanā i (‫ زنا‬,‫ زنى‬zinan, ‫ زناء‬zinā’) to commit
adultery, fornicate, whore
‫ زنجبيل‬zanjabīl ginger
1 ‫ زنى‬zinan adultery; fornication
‫ زنجر‬zanjara to flip, snap (with the fingers)
2 ‫ زناء‬zinā’ adultery; fornication
‫ زنجار‬zinjār verdigris
‫ زان‬zānin pl.; ‫ زناة‬zunāh fornicator,
‫ زنجفر‬zunjufr, zinjafr cinnabar
adulterer
‫ زنجير‬zinjīr pl. ‫ زناجير‬zanājīr2 chain │ ‫حساب‬
‫ زاننية‬zāniya pl. ‫ زوان‬zawānin2 whore,
‫ الزنجير‬double-entry bookkeeping
harlot; adulteress
‫ زنخ‬zanika a (zanak) to turn rancid
‫ زهد‬zahada a, zahida a and zahuda u (zuhd) to
‫ زنخ‬zanik rancid, rank abstain (‫ في‬from, also ‫ هـ‬,‫)عن‬, renounce,
‫ زند‬zand m. and f., pl. ‫ زناد‬zinād, ‫ زنود‬zunūd abandon, foresake (‫ في‬s.th., also ‫ هـ‬,‫)عن‬,
stick of a fire drill, a primitive device for withdraw (‫ هـ‬,‫ في‬from), refuse to have
kindling fire; by extension, the whole fire anything to do with (‫ هـ‬,‫زهد في │ )في‬
drill; -- zand, zind (pl. ‫ زنود‬zunūd) ulna ‫(الدنيا‬dunyā) to renounce pleasure in
(anat.); forearm worldly things, become an ascetic, lead a
pious, ascetic life II to induce (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
‫ زناد‬zinād pl. ‫ ازند‬aznida fire steel; cock, withdraw or abstain (‫ في‬from); to spoil
hammer (of a rifle, etc.) │ ‫ حجر الزناد‬ḥajar s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬pleasure in (‫)في‬, arouse a dislike (
az-zinād flint ‫ في ه‬in s.o. for) V to practice asceticism,
‫ زندق‬II tazandaqa to be a freethinker, an withdraw from the world X to deem little,
atheist insignificant, trifling, small
‫ زندقة‬zandaqa atheism ‫ زهد‬zuhd (voluntary) renunciation (‫ في‬of
s.th.); jndifference (‫ في‬to, esp. to worldly
‫ زنديق‬zindīq pl. ‫ زنادقة‬zanādiqa zendik, things); abstemiousness, abstinence;
unbeliever, freethinker, atheist asceticism │ ‫( الزهد في الدنيا‬dunyā)
‫ زنر‬II: ‫( زنر اليه بعينه‬bi-‘ainihī) to glare at s.o. asceticism
‫ زنار‬zunnār and ‫ زنارة‬zunnāra pl. ‫ زهيد‬zahīd little, low, moderate (esp.
price), insignificant, peltry, trifling. small;
‫ زنانير‬zanānīr2 belt, girdle; sash; band or
a little, a small amount (‫ في‬of)
rope worn around the waist; cross stripe,
traverse band ‫ زهادة‬zahāda smallness, lowness,
moderateness
‫ زنزانة‬zinzāna pl. -āt prison cell (eg.)
‫ تزهد‬tazahhud asceticism, life of
‫ زنلخت‬zanzalakt China tree (Melia azedarach;
retirement devoted to the service of God
bot.)
‫ زهد‬zāhid pl. ‫ زهاد‬zuhhād abstemious,
‫ زنطارية‬zinṭārīya dysentery
abstinent, continent, self-denying; ascetic
‫ زنق‬zanaqa i (rang) to tighten, constrict (‫هـ‬ 383
s.th.); to hobble (‫ هـ‬an animal) II to keep
‫ زهر‬zahara a (‫ زهور‬zuhūr) to shine, give light, ‫ زهف‬zahafa a (‫ زهوف‬zuhūf): ‫ زهف الى الموت‬to
be radiant IV to glow, gleam, glare, shine; be on the verge of death VIII ‫ازدهف الى‬
to blossom, be in bloom (plant, flower) ‫ الموت‬do.
VIII ‫ ازدهر‬izdahara to shine brightly, be ‫ زهق‬zahaqa a (zahq, ‫ زهوق‬zuhūq) to die, pass
radiant; to blossom, be in bloom; to away, run out, come to nothing; ‫زهقت نفسه‬
flourish, prosper, thrive (nafsuhū) and ‫( زهقت روحه‬rūḥuhū) to give
‫ زهر‬zahr, (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ زهور‬zuhūr, up the ghost, die; to weary, become tired (
‫ ازهر‬azhur, ‫ ازهار‬azhār, ‫ ازاهر‬azāhir2, ‫ازاهير‬ ‫ مَن‬of s.th.), be disgusted (‫ مَن‬with s.th.) IV
azāhīr2 flowers; blossoms; --cast iron to bring about the ruin or downfall of s.th.
(also ‫ زهر الثالوث│ )زهر الحديد‬z. at-tālūt (‫ ;)هـ‬to destroy, annihilate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (‫)الروح‬
pansy; ‫ زهر الربيع‬primrose; ‫زهر العسل‬ ‫ ازهق النفس‬to be disgusting, be revolting
al-‘asal honeysuckle; ‫ زهر اللؤلؤ‬z. al-lu’lu’ ‫ زهوق‬zuhūq dying, passing, bound to
daisy; ‫ مَاء الزهر‬orange-flower water vanish
‫ زهرة‬zahra (n. un.) pl. āt flower, ‫ زهم‬zuhm offensive smell
blossom; splendor, beauty
‫ زهم‬zahm malodorous, fetid
‫ زهرة‬zuhra brilliancy, light, brightness;
beauty │‫ زهرة الغسيل‬bluing ‫ زهمة‬zuhma offensive smell
‫ الزهرة‬az-zuhara the planet Venus ‫ زهومَة‬zuhūma offensive smell
‫ زهرى‬zuharzi syphilis │‫امَراض زهرية‬ (‫ زها )زهو‬zahā u (zahw) to blossom, flower, be
venereal diseases in bloom; to grow, thrive; to shine
brightly, be radiant, glow, gleam; to give
‫ زهر‬zuhrīya pl. -āt flower vase o.s. airs, be haughty, conceited; to pride
‫ زهار‬zahhār, florist o.s. (‫ ب‬upon, both in a favorable and a
pejorative sense); pass. ‫ زهى‬zuhiya to be
‫ زهراوى‬zahrāwī gay, merry, cheerful
proud, conceited (‫ ب‬of), pride o.s. (‫ ب‬on),
(person)
boast (‫ ب‬of), vaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.) IV to
‫ ازهر‬azhar2 shining, luminous, radiant, blossom, flower, be in bloom; to grow,
brilliant; bright; -- (elative) more radiant thrive; to give o.s. airs, be conceited, be
│‫ الزهران‬sun and moon; ‫ جامَع الزهر‬and boastful VIII ‫ ازدهى‬izdahā and pass.
‫ الجامَع الزهر‬Al Azhar Mosque and uzduhiya to be self-satisfied, complacent,
University in Cairo conceited, proud; izdahā to shine (‫ ب‬at, in
‫ ازهرى‬azharī of or pertaining to Al s.th.), have (‫ ب‬an accomplishment) to
Azhar; (pl. -ūn) Azhar student show; to boast (‫ ب‬of s.th.), vaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.)

‫ مَزهر‬mizhar pl. ‫ مَزاهر‬mazāhir2 ancient ‫ زهو‬zahw and zuhuw bloom,


Arabic variety of the lute; (now florescence; splendor; beauty; pride;
pronounced mazhar) a kind of tambourine haughtiness, arrogance; vanity, a vain or
(eg.) futile thing or things; fun, play,
amusement 384
‫ مَزهرية‬mazharīya flowerpot
‫ زهى‬zahīy brilliant, splendid,
‫ تزهير‬tazhīr bloom, florescence magnificent, gorgeous, sumptuous
‫ ازهار‬izhār florescence ‫ زهاء‬zahā’ radiance, brilliancy, splendor
‫ ازدهار‬izdihār flourishing, florescence, ‫ زهاء‬zuhā’ number, amount; zuhā’a
bloom, heyday roughly, about, some (with foll. figure)
‫ زاهر‬zāhir shining, luminous, radiant, ‫ ازهى‬azhā more flourishing; prouder,
brilliant; bright more conceited
‫ مَزهر‬muzhir blooming, in bloom; ‫ ازدهاء‬izdihā’ bloom, florescence,
shining, luminous, bright flourishing; heyday; shining; glittering,
splendor, radiance; pride (both in a
favorable and a pejorative sense)
‫ زاه‬zāhin shining, brilliant, radiant, ‫ ازدواج‬izdiwāj pairedness doubleness; O
resplendent; glowing; splendid, gorgeous, coupling (el.) │‫( ازدواج ضريبي‬ḍarībī)
magnificent, gaudy, beautiful double taxation
‫ مَزهو‬mazhūw proud (‫ ب‬of); haughty, ‫ مَتزوج‬mutazawwij married
supercilious, vainglorious; cocky, ‫ مَزدوج‬muzdawij double, twofold, two-
overbearing (e.g., of a railroad: two-track)
‫ زوبعة‬see ‫زبع‬ 2
‫ زاج‬look up alphabetically
2
‫ زوج‬II to pair, couple (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with), (‫ زاح )زوح‬zāḥa u = (‫ زاح )زيح‬zāḥa i
join in pairs or couples (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
double, geminate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to employ ‫ زود‬II to supply with provisions (‫ ه هـ‬s.o.),
parallelism (rhet.); to marry off, give in provision (‫هـ ب‬, s.o. with); to provide,
marriage (‫ ها مَن‬,‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬a girl to s.o.) III to supply, equip (‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬s.o., s.th. with); to
form a pair or couple; to use in parallel endow (‫ ه ب‬s.o. with); to enrich (‫ هـ ب‬s.th.
construction, join in a pair (‫ بين‬two words, with) IV to supply with provisions (‫ ه‬s.o.)
rhet.); to marry, join in wedlock, unite in V to be supplied (with provisions); to take
matrimony (‫ و‬-- ‫ بين‬s.o. with) V to get along provisions (on a journey); to learn (
married (‫ ه‬,‫ على‬,‫ ب‬,‫ مَن‬with), marry ( ,‫ ب‬,‫مَن‬ ‫ مَن‬from s.o.); to provide o.s., supply o.s
‫ ه‬,‫ على‬s.o.) VI to intermarry; to pair, come equip o.s. (‫ ب‬with)
together forming a pair, be in pairs, be ‫ زاد‬zād pl. ‫ ازواد‬azwād, ‫ ازودة‬azwida
double VIII ‫ ازدوج‬izdawaja to pair, he in provisions, supplies, stores
pairs, be double, appear twice
‫ زواد‬zawād provisions
‫ زوجة‬zauja pl. ‫ ازواج‬azwāj one of a pair;
husband; wife; mate, partner; couple, pair ‫ زوادة‬zuwwāda provisions
(also, e.g., of shoes); dual ‫ زوجان‬couple ‫ مَزود‬mizwad pl. ‫ مَزاود‬mazāwid2, ‫مَزائد‬
‫ زوجة‬zauja pl. -āt wife mazāid2 provision bag, haversack 385
‫ زيجة‬zīja marriage, wedding ‫ مَزادة‬mazāda provision bag, haversack
‫ زوجي‬zaujī in pairs, paired; double; ‫ تزويد‬tazwīd supply, purveyance (‫ ب‬of).
marital, matrimonial, conjugal; doubles provision, equipment (‫ ب‬with); manning
(tennis) (of ships)
‫ زيجي‬zījī marital, matrimonial, ‫ زائدة‬pl. ‫ زوائد‬see ‫زيد‬
conjugal, connubial ‫ مَزود‬muzawwid pl. -ūn contractor,
‫ زوجية‬zaujīya pl. -āt matrimony, supplier, furnisher, purveyor, victualer,
marriage caterer
‫ زواج‬zawāj marriage (‫ مَن‬with); ‫ مَزود‬muzawwad provided, supplied,
wedding; matrimony, wedlock │‫وحدة الزواج‬ furnished (‫ ب‬with); equipped (‫ ب‬with);
wahdat az-z. monogamy armed (‫ ب‬with guns) ; conneoted (‫ ب‬with),
attended, accompanied (‫ ب‬by)
‫ مَزاوج‬mizwāj frequently marrying
(‫ زار )زور‬zāra u (zaur, ‫ زيارة‬ziyāra) to visit (‫ه‬
‫ تزويج‬tazwīj marrying off (of a woman, s.o.), call (‫ ه‬on s.o.), pay a visit (‫ ه‬to); to
‫ مَن‬to) afflict (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to forge, falsify,
‫ زواج‬zawāj doubling, duplication; counterfeit (‫ ه‬s.th.); to fake, simulate VI to
parallelism (rhet.) exchange visits IX to turn aside, turn
away, dissociate o.s. (‫ عن‬from); to be
‫ مَزاوجة‬muzāwaja pairing, coupling, averse (‫ عن‬to s.th.); ‫ ازور به‬to turn s.o.
close union (of two things) away, alienate s.o. (‫ عن‬from) X to desire
‫ تزوج‬tazawwuj marriage s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬visit
‫ تزاوج‬tazāwuj intermarriage ‫ زور‬zaur upper part of the chest; throat
│‫ آلَم الزور‬sore throat
‫ زور‬zūr lie, untruth; falsehood │ ‫شهادة‬ (speech); dressed up, meretricious, showy,
‫ الزور‬šahādat az-z. false testimony gaudy
2
‫ زور‬zūr force │ ‫ بالزور‬by force, forcibly ‫ زاؤوق‬,‫ زاووق‬look up alphabetically
‫ زور‬zawar inclination, obliqueness, ‫ )زول‬and ‫ زال )زيل‬zāla (1st pers. perf. zultu) u (
slant; crookedness; falseness; perfidy, ‫ زوال‬zawāl) to go away, withdraw (‫ عن‬or
insidiousness; squint ‫ مَن‬from), abandon, leave (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬s.o. or
s.th.); to disappear, vanish; to abate, calm
‫ زورة‬zaura (n. vic.) pl. -āt visit, call
down, die down, come to an end; to go
‫ زيارة‬ziyāra pl. -āt visit; call (social, of down, set; -- (1st pers. perf. ziltu) a (zail)
a doctor) to cease (with negations only) │of :‫زول‬
‫ ازور‬azwar2, f. ‫ زوراء‬zaurā’2, pl. ‫ زور‬zūr ‫( زال مَنه الغضب‬gaḍab) his wrath abated; ‫زال‬
inclined, slanting, oblique; crooked, ‫ عن الوجود‬to cease to exist; -- of ‫زيل‬: with
curved; squint-eyed, cross-eyed neg. 386 ‫ لم يزل‬,‫( مَا زال‬yazal), ‫لَ يزال‬
equivalent to Engl. “still, yet”: ‫مَا زلت افعله‬
‫ مَزار‬mazār pl. -āt place which one (af‘aluhū) I have not ceased to do it, I
visits; shrine, sanctuary (am) still do(ing) it; ‫ مَا زال قائما‬he is still
‫ تزوير‬tazwīr forgery, falsification │‫تزوير‬ standing, ‫ مَا زال في‬he has not ceased to be
‫( في السندات‬sanadāt) falsification of or to remain in, he is still in; ‫لَ يزال في حاجة‬
documents ‫ اليه‬he is still in need of it, he still needs it;
‫( لَ يزال على ذكر مَنه‬dikrin) he still
‫ ازورار‬izwirār turning away; remembers him II ‫ زول‬zawwala to remove,
averseness, aversion, dislike, distaste eliminate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), -- ‫ زيل‬zayyala to
‫ زائر‬zā’ir pl. -ūn, ‫ زوار‬zuwwār, f. ‫زائرة‬ separate, break up, disperse, scatter (‫هـ‬
zā’ira pl. -āt, ‫ زور‬zuwwar visitor, caller, s.th.) III ‫ زاول‬zāwala to pursue (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
guest devote o.s. apply o.s. (‫ هـ‬to); -- ‫ زايل‬zāyala
to separate, part (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬from), leave, quit,
‫ مَزور‬mazūr visited
abandon (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to separate
‫ مَزور‬muzawwar forged, false,
(‫ بين‬s.th.) │‫ زايل الدار‬to move out of the
counterfeit; obtained by swindle, faked
house, leave the house IV to cause to
‫ زورق‬zauraq pl. ‫ زوارق‬zawāriq2 boat, rowboat, cease or stop, make disappear or vanish (‫هـ‬
skiff │‫( زورق بخاري‬bukhārī) steam launch; s.th.), to remove, eliminate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), put
‫ زورق الصيد‬z. aṣ-ṣaid fishing boat; ‫زورق‬ an end (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), do away (‫ هـ‬with s.th.),
‫ النجاة‬z. an-najāh lifeboat; O ‫زورق ناصف‬ make a clean sweep (‫ هـ‬of s.th.) VI ‫تزايل‬
torpedo boat tazāyala to be disjointed, incoherent; to
1
(‫ زاغ )زوغ‬zāga u (zaug, ‫ زوغان‬zawagān) to pass away, cease, stop
turn aside, depart, deviate (‫ عن‬from), ‫ زول‬zaul pl. ‫ ازوال‬azwāl person, body,
swerve; to deviate from truth, to swindle; figure, nightly apparition, specter, ghost,
see also ‫ زيغ‬VI to turn aside, swerve phantom, spirit
2
‫ زاغ‬look up alphabetically ‫ زوال‬zawāl end, passage, extinction,
‫ زوفاء‬zūfā’, ‫ زوفى‬zūfā hyssop (bot.) disappearance, vanishing, cessation;
setting (of the sun); noon │‫سريع الزوال‬
1
‫ زوق‬II to adorn, embellish, ornament, ephemeral, evanescent, fleeting, ‫بعد الزوال‬
decorate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to picture, visualize (‫هـ‬ in the afternoon; ‫ عند الزوال‬around noon, by
a story, in one’s imagination) noon; ‫ خط الزوال‬kaṯṭ az-z. meridian
‫ زواق‬zawāq embellishment, adornment, ‫ زوالي‬zawālī: ‫ في الساعة الرابعة زوالية‬atfour
ornamentation; decoration; finery, attire; o’clock in the afternoon, at four p.m.
face painting, make-up, cosmetics
‫ زولية‬zūlīya pl. ‫ زوالي‬zawālī (ir., saud.)
‫ مَزوق‬muzawwaq adorned, embellished, knotted rug
ornamented, decorated; florid, flowery
‫ مَزولة‬mizwala pl. ‫ مَزاول‬mazāwil2
sundial
‫ مَزاولة‬muzāwala pursuit (of s.th.), ‫ زي‬ziyy pl. ‫ ازياء‬azyā’ clothing, dress,
application (to); assiduous study; practice apparel, attire; O uniform; outward
(of some work, of a profession) appearance, make-up; costume; style of
dress, manner of dressing; fashion;
‫ ازالة‬izāla removal, elimination
exterior, guise, form, shape │‫على الزي الجديد‬
‫ زائل‬zā’il transitory, passing, fashionable, modish, stylish
evanescent, fleeting, ephemeral, short-
‫ زيبق‬zībaq (= ‫ زئبق‬zi‘baq) quicksilver,
lived
mercury
‫ زولوجيا‬zōlōjiyā zoology
‫ زيت‬II to oil, lubricate, grease (‫ هـ‬a
‫ زولوجي‬zōlōjī zoologic(al) machine, and the like); to add oil (‫ هـ‬to
(‫ زام )زوم‬zāma u (eg.) to growl, snarl (dog) II some food)
to mumble, mutter ‫ زيت‬zait pl. ‫ زيوت‬zuyūt oil (edible, fuel,
‫ زوم‬zūm pl. ‫ ازوام‬azwām juice, sap motor oil, etc.) │‫( زيت حار‬ḥārr) linseed
1
oil; ‫( زيت حلو‬ḥulw) sweet oil, oil free of
‫ زانة‬,‫ زان‬look up alphabetically hydrogen sulfide; ‫ زيت الحوت‬z. al-ḥūt cod-
2
‫ زوان‬ziwān, zuwān = ‫( زؤان‬q.v.) liver oil; ‫ زيت الخروع‬z. al-kirwa‘ castor oil;
‫ زيت السمك‬z. as-samak cod-liver oil; ‫زيت‬
‫ زوى‬zawā i to contract, wrinkle, knit (‫هـ‬ ‫ التشحيم‬lubricating oil; ‫ زيت الَستصباح‬fuel
s.th., e.g., the eyebrows), to remove (‫هـ‬ oil; ‫ زيت الغاز‬z. al-gāz kerosene
s.th.); to hide, conceal (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │‫زوى مَا بين‬
‫‘( عينيه‬ainaihi) he knitted his eye-brows, ‫ زيتي‬zaitī oily, oil (adj.), oil-bearing │
he frowned (in anger, and the like) II and ‫ صورة زيتية‬or ‫( لوحة زيتية‬ṣūra, lauḥa) oil
V to withdraw into a corner, go into painting
seclusion, retire VII do., to keep to o.s., ‫ زيات‬zayyāt oil dealer, oilman
live in seclusion or retirement │ ‫انزوى في‬
‫( جلده‬jildihī) to crawl inside o.s. (out of ‫ زيتون‬zaitūn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬olive tree;
shame, and the like) olive(s) │‫ احد الزيتون‬aḥad az-z. Palm
Sunday (Chr.); ‫ جبل ازيتون‬jabal az-z.
‫ انزواء‬inziwā’ retirement, seclusion, Mount of Olives (Jerusalem)
isolation
‫ زيتونة‬zaitūna (n. un.) pl. -āt olive tree;
‫ زاوية‬zāwiya pl. ‫ زوايا‬zawāyā corner, olive │‫ جامَع الزيتونة‬the Zaitouna Mosque
nook; angle (math.); a small mosque, (large mosque and university in Tunis)
prayer room; (North Afr.) small cupolaed
mosque erected over the tomb of a ‫ زيتوني‬zaitūnī olivaceous, olive-colored,
Muslim saint, with teaching facilities and olive-green; (pl. -ūn) student of the Great
a hospice attached to it, usually the Mosque of Tunis
establishment of a religious order │ ‫الزاوية‬ ‫ زيتونية‬zaitūnīya, ‫ احد الزيتونية‬aḥad az-az.
‫( الحادة‬ḥādda) acute angle, ‫الزاوية الخارجة‬ Palm Sunday (Cop.-Chr.)
external angle, ‫ مَتساوى الزوايا‬mutasāwī az-
‫ مَزيتة‬mazyata oil can, oiler
z. equiangular, ‫( الزاوية المنفرجة‬munfarija)
obtuse angle, ‫ الزاوية القائمة‬right angle, ‫حجر‬ ‫ مَزيت‬muzayyat oiled
‫ الزاوية‬ḥajar az-z. cornerstone; ‫مَن زوايا‬ 1
‫ زيج‬zīj leveling line (used by masons);
‫( مَختلفة‬muktalifa) from different angles ephemeris, astronomical almanac
(i.e., aspects)
2
‫ زيجة‬zīja and ‫ زيجي‬zījī see ‫زوج‬
‫ مَنزو‬munzawin seclusive, secluding;
retired, secluded, outlying, remote, out-of- (‫ زاح )زيح‬zāḥa i (zaiḥ, zuyūḥ, ‫ زيحان‬zayaḥān) to
the-way, obscure go away, depart, leave IV to remove, drive
away, banish (‫ هـ‬s.th.), do away with (‫;)هـ‬
‫ زي‬II ‫ زيا‬,‫ زيى‬zayyā to dress, clothe, costume (‫ه‬ to take away (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pull away, throw
‫ ب‬s.o. in) V ‫ تزيا‬,‫ تزيى‬tazayyā to dress, put back (‫ هـ‬a curtain, a veil, etc., ‫ عن‬from
on a dress or costume; to dress up, s.th.) │‫ ازاح اللثام عن‬to reveal, disclose s.th.;
smarten o.s. up, to be dressed, be clad (‫ب‬ ‫( ازاح الستار عن تمثال‬timtāl) to unveil a
in), wear (‫ ب‬th.) 387
monument VII to go away, depart, leave; ‫ الزيدية‬az-zaidīya a Shiitic group
to be pulled away, be thrown back forming an independent commonwealth
(curtain) (Yemen)
‫ زيح‬zīh pl. ‫ ازياح‬azyāḥ (straight) line ‫ الزيود‬az-zuyūd the Zaidites, adherents
of the Zaidiya sect
‫ زياح‬zayyāḥ pl. -āt religious procession
‫ زيادة‬ziyāda increase, increment,
‫ ازاحة‬izāḥa removal, abolition │ ‫ازاحة‬
accretion, growth; surplus, overplus,
‫ الستار‬unveiling (of a monument)
excess; increase, augmentation, raising,
(‫ زاد )زيد‬zāda i (‫ زيادة‬ziyāda) to become greater, stepping up; enhancement, elevation,
become more, grow, increase, be intensification; extra pay, allowance (in
compounded, multiply; to be greater, be addition to the salary); addition; ‫زيادة‬
more, amount to more (‫ عن‬or ‫ على‬than), ziyādatan in addition, additionally │ ‫زيادة‬
exceed (‫ عن‬or ‫ على‬s.th., an amount, ‫ ب‬by), ‫( عن‬ziyādatan) over and above, beyond, in
go beyond an amount or number (‫ ;)على‬to excess of; regardless of; aside from; ‫حمله‬
augment, increase, compound (‫ هـ‬s.th.), ‫ زيادة عن تحمله‬ḥammalahū z. ‘an
make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) grow or increase; to step taḥammulihi he loaded him with more
up, raise (‫ هـ‬,‫ مَن‬s.th., ‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to); to add than he could carry; ‫زيادة على ذلك‬
(‫ على هـ‬s.th. to); to add, make additions ( (ziyādatan) moreover, besides; ‫زيادة المواليد‬
‫ على‬to), enlarge (‫ على‬s.th.); to extend, excess of births; ‫( لزيادة اليضاح‬īḍāḥ) in
expand, further, advance, promote, order to make it even clearer, for further
intensify (‫ في‬or ‫ مَن‬s.th.); to give more (‫هـ ه‬ elucidation
to s.o. of s.th.) │‫ لَ يزيد على‬it is no more
‫ ازيد‬azyad2 more excessive, higher,
than ... , it is only .. ; ‫ زاد قائل‬he added (in
greater, bigger
speech followed by quotation); ‫زد على ذلك‬
(zid) (prop.: add to it that ...) in addition to ‫ مَزاد‬mazād pl. -āt auction, public sale
that there is ..., what’s more, there is ...; ‫ مَزيد‬mazīd an exceeding (‫ على‬of s.th.);
furthermore, moreover; ‫‘( زاده علما‬ilman) to excess, superabundance; high degree,
tell s.o. more about it, supply s.o. with large extent; utmost, maximum; (with foll.
more information II to increase, augment, genit.) excessive, extreme, utmost,
compound, make grow m to make a highest, greatest, superlative; pass. partic.
higher bid (‫ ه‬than s.o.), outbid (‫ ه‬s.o.; at an of I: increased, etc.; the derivative stems
auction) V to increase; to nee, go up of the verb (gram.) │‫ بمزيد الشكر‬bi-m. iš-
(prices); to make additions, add šukr with many, many thanks; ‫بمزيد السف‬
embellishments of one’s own, exaggerate bi-m. il-asaf with the greatest regret; ‫بمزيد‬
(in telling s.th.); to be long-winded, ‫ الَرتياح‬with extreme satisfaction; ‫ليس له مَن‬
verbose │‫ مَن المعرفة‬،‫‘( تزيد مَن العلم‬ilm, ‫ مَزيد‬it is unsurpassable, it’s not to be
ma‘rifa) to acquire additional knowledge, outdone
increase one’s knowledge VI 388 to
outbid one another; to increase gradually, ‫ مَزايدة‬muzāyada pl. -āt auction, public
be growing; to become more intense, sale
intensify; to become more and more, ‫ تزيد‬tazayyud exaggeration (in
exceed more and more (‫ مَن‬s.th.) VIII ‫ازداد‬ reporting), one’s own embellishments or
izdāda to grow, be growing, increase, be additions, fables, yarn
compounded, multiply │‫ازداد بكاء‬
(bukā’an) he wept more and more X to ‫ تزايد‬tazāyud (gradual) increase,
demand more, ask for more, go up with increment, growth
one’s demands; to try to achieve more; to ‫ ازدياد‬izdiyād increase, growth, rise,
aim or work at an increase, expansion or intensification
extension (‫ هـ‬of); to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to give
more of s.th. ‫ استزادة‬istizāda a striving for more;
pursuit of an increase, expansion or
extension; desire or request for more │ ‫لم‬
‫( يبق استزادة لمستزيد‬yabqa, li-mustazīdin)
there is nothing to be added, nothing more ‫ ازيف‬azyaf2 falser, more spurious
need be said about it ‫ تزييف‬tazyīf falsification, forgery,
‫ زائد‬zā’id increasing, growing; counterfeiting
excessive, immoderate; exceeding (‫عن‬ ‫ زائف‬zā’if false; forged, counterfeit,
s.th.), in excess (‫ عن‬of); additional, extra, spurious │‫ اخبار زائفة‬false reports; ‫نقود زائفة‬
supernumerary │‫ زائد على الحاجة‬more than counterfeit money
necessary, surplus
‫ مَزيف‬muzayyif forger, counterfeiter
‫ زائدة‬zā’ida pl. ‫ زوائد‬zawā’id2
appendage, appendix (anat., zool., bot.); ‫ مَزيف‬muzayyaf forged; counterfeit,
outgrowth (med.) │‫( زائدة مَعوية‬mi‘awīya) false, spurious; pseudo-
and ‫( زائدة دودية‬dūdīya) vermiform 1
‫ زيق‬II (eg.) to creak, screech
appendix (anat.) 2
‫ زيق‬zīq pl. ‫ ازياق‬azyāq collar, neckband;
‫ مَزايد‬muzāyid pl. -ūn bidder, outbidder border, hem (of a garment)
(at an auction)
(‫ زال )زيل‬and II, III, VI see ‫زول‬
‫ مَتزايد‬mutazāyid steadily increasing, 1
swelling (‫ زان )زين‬zāna i (zain) to decorate, adorn (‫هـ‬
1
s.th.) II to adorn, decorate, embellish,
‫ زير‬II (mor.) to close (‫ هـ‬a button) ornament (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to grace (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
2
‫ زير‬zīr pl. ‫ ازيار‬azyār, ‫ زيار‬ziyār (eg., magr.) s.th.);to shave (‫ ه‬s.o.); ‫( زينت نفسها‬nafsahā)
large, almost conical jar, made of porous to make herself up (lady); to paint in
clay, for storing water glowing tones, present in a favorable light,
3 extol (‫ الى هـ‬,‫ ل‬s.th. to s.o.); to conjure up (‫ه‬
‫ زير‬zīr the highest string of stringed s.th., ‫ ل‬before s.o.’s eyes), create visions (
instruments (mus.) 389 ‫ هـ‬of s.th., ‫ ل‬in s.o.’s mind), lead s.o. (‫ )ل‬to
‫ زيز‬zīz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ زيزان‬zīzān believe (‫ ان‬that); to give (‫ ل‬s.o.) the idea (
cicada; chrysalis ‫ ان‬to do s.th.), suggest (‫ ل ان‬to s.o. to do
s.th.) V to be decorated, be adorned; to
‫ زيزفون‬zaizafūn jujube (Zizyphus; bot.);
dress up, smarten o.s. up, spruce up, preen
linden tree
o.s.; to shave, get a shave VIII ‫ازدان‬
1
(‫ زاغ )زيغ‬zāga i (zaig, ‫ زيغان‬zayagān) to turn izdāna to be decorated, be adorned; to be
aside; to depart, deviate (‫ عن‬from); to graced
swerve; to turn away (‫ عن‬from), turn one’s
‫ زين‬zain beauty; beautiful, nice, pretty
back (‫ عن‬on); to wander, stray, roam
(eyes) IV to cause (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to deviate │ ‫ زينة‬zīna pl. -āt embellishment,
‫( ازاغ عني بصره‬baṣarahū) he looked past adornment, ornament, decoration; cloth.,
me, he snubbed me attire, finery; toilette │‫ زينة الوجه‬z. al-wajh
make-up; ‫ بيت الزينة‬bait az-z. beauty shop;
‫ زيغ‬zaig and ‫ زيغان‬zayagān a turning
‫ اشجار الزينة‬ornamental tress; ‫نباتات الزينة‬
aside; deviation, departure (‫ عن‬from) │‫زيغ‬
nabātāt az-z. ornamental plants; ‫خوان الزينة‬
‫( وسداد‬sadād) erring and doing right,
kuwān az-z. dressing table; ‫غرفة الزينة‬
wrong and right
gurfat az-z. dressing room
‫ زائغ‬zāig deviating, divergent; false,
‫ زيان‬zayyān beautiful
wrong, distorted, perverted │‫نظرات زائغة‬
(nazarāt) wandering glances ‫ زيان‬ziyān embellishment, adornment,
2 decoration; ornament
‫ زاغ‬look up alphabetically
‫ زيانة‬ziyāna barber’s or hairdresser’s
(‫ زاف )زيف‬zāfa i (zaif) to be false, be spurious
trade
II to counterfeit (‫ هـ‬money); to declare (‫هـ‬
s.th.) to be false or spurious ‫ تزيين‬tazyīn adorning, decoration,
ornamentation; make-believe, sham,
‫ زيف‬zaif falseness; pride; (pl. ‫زيوف‬
pretense
zuyūf) false, spurious, forged, counterfeit
‫ مَزين‬muzayyin barber, hairdresser
‫ مَزين‬muzayyin decorated, ornamented, tasa’’ala and ‫ تسول‬tasawwala to beg VI to
adorned (‫ ب‬with); graced (‫ ب‬with) ask; to ask o.s.; to ask one another; ‫تساءل‬
(‫ هل )عن‬to ask o.s. whether (about); to
‫ مَزدان‬muzdān decorated, ornamented,
inquire (‫ عن‬about)
adorned (‫ ب‬with); graced (‫ ب‬with)
2 ‫ سؤل‬su’l demand, request, wish
‫ زان‬look up alphabetically
‫ سؤلة‬su’la demand, request, wish
‫ زينكو‬zinkō zinc 390
‫ سؤال‬su’āl pl. ‫ اسئلة‬as’ila question (‫عن‬
about); request (‫ عن‬for); inquiry (‫عن‬
‫س‬ about); demand, claim
‫ سأال‬sa’’āl given to asking questions,
inquisitive, curious
‫ سـ‬sa shortened form of ‫ سوف‬saufa (q.v.) ‫ سؤول‬sa’ūl given to asking questions,
‫ ساتان‬sātān satin inquisitive, curious
‫ ساج‬sāj pl. ‫ سيجان‬sījān teak, Indian oak (‫ مَسألة )مَسئلة‬mas’ala pl. ‫ مَسائل‬masā’il2
question; issue, problem; matter, affair,
‫ ساجات‬sījān castanets
case; request
‫ سادة‬sāda simple; plain, unicolored, uniform
‫ مَساءلة‬musā’ala questioning,
(fabric) │‫( قهوة سادة‬qahwa) unsweetened
interrogation
coffee
‫ تسول‬tasawwu1 begging, beggary
‫ سؤدد‬see 2‫سود‬
‫ تساؤل‬tasā’ul (self-directed) question;
‫ سئر‬sa’ira a to remain, be left
questioning
‫ سؤر‬su’r pl. ‫ اسآر‬as’ār rest, remainder,
‫ سائل‬sā’il pl. –ūn, ‫ سؤال‬su’āl, ‫ سألة‬sa’ala
remnant, leftover (esp. of food and
questioner; petitioner; beggar
beverages)
‫ مَسؤول‬mas’ūl responsible, answerable,
‫ سؤرة‬su’ra rest, remainder, remnant,
accountable (‫ عن‬for)
leftover (esp. of food and beverages);
vestige of youthful vigor ‫ مَسئولية‬mas’ūlīya pl. -āt responsibility (
‫ عن‬for)
‫ سائر‬sā’ir remaining; rest, remainder;
(with foll. det. genit.) all ‫ مَتسول‬mutasawwil pl. -ūn beggar
1
‫ الساسانيون‬as-sāsānīyūn the Sassanidae, a ‫ سام‬sām Shem (eldest son of Noah)
dynasty of Persian kings (226-651 A.D.) ‫ سامَي‬sāmī Semitic; (pl. -ūn) Semite
‫ ساغو‬sāgō sago ‫ اللسامَية‬al-lā-sāmīya anti-Semitism
‫ ساكو‬sākō, ‫ ساكوه‬sack coat, lounge jacket 2
‫ سئم‬sa’ima a (‫ سأم‬sa’m, ‫ سآمَة‬sa’āma) to be
‫ سأل‬sa’ala a (‫ سؤال‬su’āl, ‫ مَسألة‬mas’ala, ‫تسآل‬ weary, tired (‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬of s.th.), be bored,
tas’āl) to ask (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه هـ‬s.o. s.th. or about fed up (‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬with s.th.); to dislike,
s.th.); to inquire (‫ عن ه‬of s.o. about); to ask detest, loathe (‫ ان‬doing s.th.), have an 391
(‫ هـ مَن‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. for s.th.), request, demand, aversion (‫ ان‬to doing s.th.) IV to cause or
claim (‫ مَن هـ‬or ‫ ه‬from s.o. s.th.) َ‫سأله ال‬ arouse weariness or boredom (‫ ه‬in s.o.),
sa’alahū illa to implore, adjure s.o. that he weary, bore (‫ ه‬s.o.)
...; ‫ سأله عن اخباره‬to ask s.o. about s.o. else; ‫ سئم‬sa’im weary, tired, bored
‫( سأله رأيه‬ra’yahā) to ask s.o.’s opinion,
consult s.o.; َ‫ سأله سؤال‬to ask s.o. a ‫ سؤوم‬sa’ūm disgusted, weary, fed up
question; ‫( يسأل‬yus’alu) he is responsible, ‫ سآمَة‬sa’āma weariness, disgust,
answerable (‫ عن‬for) III to ask, question, boredam, ennui
interrogate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to call (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
account IV ‫( اسأله سؤله‬as’alahū) to fulfill ‫ سب‬sabba u (sabb) to insult, abuse, call names,
s.o.’s wish, comply with s.o.’s request V revile (‫ ه‬s.o.), rail (‫ ه‬at); to curse (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
blaspheme, curse, swear II to cause, ‫ تسبيب‬tasbīb mediate causation (Isl.
provoke, arouse, produce, bring about, Law)
effect, occasion (‫ هـ‬s.th.), give occasion (‫هـ‬ ‫ سباب‬sibāb abuse, vituperation,
to s.th.) III to exchange insults or abusive revilement
language (‫ هـ‬with s.o.) V to be caused, be
produced (‫ عن‬by), be the consequence or ‫ مَسابة‬musābba abuse, vituperation,
result (‫ عن‬of), follow, arise, spring, result ( revilement
‫ عن‬from); to be the reason or cause, be at ‫ مَسبب‬musabbib causer, originator,
the bottom (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬of), be to blame (‫في‬ author; ‫ مَسببات‬musabbibāt causative
for), be instrumental (‫ في‬in); to seek factors
reason or motives (‫ الى‬for s.th.); to
account, give a reason or explanation (‫الى‬ ‫ مَسبب‬musabbab caused (‫ عن‬by) │ ‫السبب‬
for), justify, motivate (‫ الى‬s.th.); to use (‫ب‬ ‫(والمسبب‬sabab) cause and effect
s.th.) as a means (‫ الى‬for); to trade, be in ‫ مَتسبب‬mutasabbib causer; cause;
the retail business VI to insult each other, retailer, small storekeeper
call one another names, rail at each other
VIII = VI ‫ سبا‬sabā and ‫ سبأ‬saba’ Sheba │ (‫ذهبوا ايدي )ايادي‬
‫ سبا‬d. aidiya (aydiya) sabā they were
‫ سب‬sabb abuse, vituperation, insults, scattered to the four winds
cursing
‫ سبانخ‬sabānak, sabānik spinach
‫ سبة‬sabba period of time, (long) while
‫ سباهى‬see ‫سبايس‬
‫ سبة‬sibba: ‫ سبة اللَم‬s. al-ālam Passion
Week (Chr.) ‫ سبايس‬sabāyis and ‫ سباهي‬sibāhī spahis, Algerian
native cavalry in the French army
‫ سبة‬subba disgrace, shame, dishonor 1
‫ سبت‬sabata u to rest; to keep the Sabbath IV
‫ سبب‬sabab pl. ‫ اسباب‬asbāb rope, tent to enter on the Sabbath 392
rope; means for obtaining s.th.; reason,
cause, motive, occasion (with fall. genit. ‫ السبت‬as-sabt pl. ‫ السبوت‬as-sabūt
or ‫في‬: of); means of subsistence; (esp. pl.) Sabbath, Saturday │ ‫يوم السبت‬yaum as-s.
relations (between people) │‫ سبب اكبر‬main do.; ‫ سبت النور‬s. an-nūr Holy Saturday
reason; ‫ اسباب الحكم‬a. al-ḥukm opinion (Chr.)
(jur.); ‫ اسباب الراحة‬luxury; ‫ بسبب‬bi-sababi ‫ سبات‬subāt lethargy; slumber, sleep
because of, on account of, due to, by; ‫بسبب‬
‫ سباتي‬subātī lethargic │ ‫الللتهاب المخى‬
‫ ذلك‬because of that, for that reason,
‫( السباتي‬mukkī) encephalitis lethargica,
therefore; ‫( كان السبب فيه‬sababa) to be the
sleeping sickness (med.)
cause of s.th., be to blame for s.th.; ‫يرجع‬
‫( السبب الى‬yarji‘u) the reason is to be found ‫ مَسبت‬musbit lethargic, inactive,
in ...; ‫( اخذ سأسباب الحضارة الحديثة‬ḥaḍāra) to motionless
adopt modern civilization; ‫وصل اسبابه بأسبابه‬ 2
‫سبت‬sabat pl. -āt, ‫ اسبتة‬asbita basket
(asbābahū) to join forces with s.o.; ‫تقطعت‬
3
‫ السباب بين‬relations between ... are broken ‫ سبت‬sibitt dill (Anethum graveolens; bot.)
out, they no longer have anything in ‫ سبتمبر‬sibtambir September
common; ‫ شاطره أسباب المسرة‬šāṭarahū
asbāba al-masarra to share s.o.’s joy ‫ سبج‬sabaj jet (min.)

‫ سببية‬sababīya causality ‫ سبح‬sabaḥa a (sabḥ, ‫ سبح‬sibāḥa) to swim ( ,‫في‬


‫ ب‬in); to float (fig.); to spread II to praise,
‫ سباب‬sabbāb abuser, vituperator, reviler glorify (‫ ا‬allāha, ‫ ل‬li-llāhi God, by
‫ سبابة‬sabbāba index finger saying ‫ سبحان ا‬subḥāna llāh praise the
Lord!); to praise, extol (‫ ب‬s.th.) │‫سبح بحمده‬
‫ سبيب‬sabīb pl. ‫ سبائب‬sabā’ib2 strand of (ḥamdihī) to sing s.o.’s praise, glorify s.o.
hair
‫ سبحة‬sabḥa (n. un.) a swim, swimming
‫ مَسبة‬masabba pl. -āt vilification, abuse,
insult
‫ سبحة‬sabḥa pl. ‫ سبحات‬subuḥāt, ‫سبح‬ ‫ سباخ‬sibāk pl. ‫ اسبخة‬asbika dung,
subaḥ beads of the Muslim rosary; manure, fertilizer │ ‫( سباخ بلدي‬baladī)
Muslim rosary; supererogatory salat (Isl. manure
Law) ‫ سبيخ‬sabīk pl. ‫ سبائخ‬sabā’ik2 loose
‫ سبحة‬subḥa, sabḥa pl. ‫ سبحات‬subuḥāt, (unspun) cotton
sabaḥāt majesty (of God) │ ‫سبحات وجه ا‬ ‫ تسبيخ‬tasbīk deep, sound sleep; O coma,
subuḥātu wajhi llāh the sublimity, or the somnolence (med.)
august splendor, or God’s countenance;
‫( سبحات رفيعة‬sabaḥāt) lofty heights ‫ سبر‬sabara u i (sabr) to examine with a
probe, to probe (‫ هـ‬a wound); to measure,
‫ سبحان ا‬subḥāna llāh exclamation of sound (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., the depth); to fathom,
surprise, etc. (prop.: praise the Lord! God explore, examine (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫سبر اغوار‬
be praised!); ‫ سبحان ا عن‬God is far 393 ‫ الشيء‬to probe the depth of s.th., get to
above ..., God is beyond … the bottom of s.th., study s.th. thoroughly
‫ سباح‬sabbāḥ swimmer ‫ سبر‬sabr probing (of a wound);
‫ سبوح‬sabūḥ a good swimmer; swift and fathoming, exploration, examination
smooth-running (lit.: floating; of horses) ‫ سبار‬sibār pl. ‫ سبر‬subūr probe (med.)
‫ سباحة‬sibāḥa (art of) swimming ‫ سبورة‬sabūra slate; blackboard
‫ مَسبح‬masbaḥ pl. ‫ مَسابح‬masābiḥ2 ‫ مَسبر‬misbar pl. ‫ مَسابر‬masābir2 probe
swimming pool (med.)
‫ مَسبحة‬misbaḥa pl. ‫ مَسابح‬masābiḥ2 rosary ‫ مَسبار‬misbār pl. ‫ مَسابير‬masābīr2 probe
2
‫ تسبيح‬tasbīḥ pl. -āt, ‫ تسابيح‬tasābīḥ (med.)
glorification of God (by exclaiming ‫سبحان‬ ‫ سبس‬sibs small wind instrument resembling the
‫)ا‬ oboe (eg.)
‫ تسبيحة‬tasbīḥa pl. -āt, ‫ تسابيح‬tasābīḥ2 ‫ سبسب‬II tasabsaba to be lank (hair); to flow
glorification of God; hymn, song of praise (tears)
‫ تسبحة‬tasbiḥa hymn, song of praise ‫ سبسب‬sabsaba pl. ‫ سباسب‬sabāsib2 desert,
‫ سابح‬sābiḥ pl. -ūn, ‫ سباح‬subbāḥ, ‫سبحاء‬ wasteland │ ‫( قفر سبسب‬qafr) desert,
subaḥā’2 swimmer; bather │ ‫سابح في افكاره‬ wasteland, desolate region
lost in thought ‫ سبط‬sabuṭa u (‫ سبوطة‬subūṭa, ‫ سباطة‬sabāṭa) to be
O ‫ سابحة‬sābiḥa glider, sailplane, cargo lank (hair)
glider ‫ سبط‬sabiṭ, sabṭ, sabaṭ pl. ‫ سباط‬sibāṭ lank
2
‫ سابحات‬sābiḥāt and ‫ سوابح‬sawābiḥ (hair) │‫ سبط اليدين‬sabṭ (sabiṭ) al-yadain
floating ones (epithet for race horses) liberal, openhanded, generous; ‫ سبط القامَة‬s.
al-qāma shapely, well-built, of graceful
‫ مَسبحة‬musabbiḥa index finger
stature
‫ سبحلة‬sabḥala glorification of God
‫ سبط‬sibṭ pl. ‫ اسباط‬asbāṭ grandson; tribe
‫ سبخ‬sabaka u (sabk) to be sound asleep II do.; (of the Israelites)
to manure, fertilize (‫ الرض‬al-arḍa the
‫ سباط‬sabbāṭ pl. ‫ سبابيط‬sabābīt shoe
land)
‫ سباطة‬subāṭa bunch, cluster (of fruit)
‫ سبخ‬sabak dung, manure, fertilizer │‫سبخ‬
‫( بلدي‬baladī) manure ‫ ساباط‬sābāṭ pl. ‫ سوابط‬sawābīṭ2 arcade,
roofed lane or street; archway
‫ سبخ‬sabik briny (soil)
‫ سيباط‬sībāṭ and (eg.) ‫ سباط‬subāṭ arcade,
‫ سبخة‬sabaka, sabka pl. ‫ سباخ‬sibāk salt
roofed lane or street; archway
marsh, salt swamp │ ‫ارض سبخ‬do.
‫ سبع‬II to make sevenfold (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to divide
into seven parts (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ سبع‬sab‘ pl. ‫ اسبع‬asbu‘,‫ سبوع‬subū‘, ‫سبوعة‬ s.th.); to surpass, beat (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫سبق‬
subū‘a predatory animal, beast of prey; ‫( له ان فعله‬an fa‘alahū) he had already done
lion it before; ‫( سبق له ان قابله‬an qābalahū) he
had met him before (paraphrasing the
‫ سبع‬sabu‘ pl. ‫ سباع‬siba‘ predatory
pluperfect); ‫( سبق لنا القول ان‬qaulu) we have
animal, beast of prey; lion
previously (already) said that ...; ‫سبق الحكم‬
‫ سبعة‬sab‘a (f. ‫ سبع‬sab‘) seven; ‫سبعة عشر‬ ‫( عليه ب‬ḥukmu) he had been previously
sab‘ata ‘ašara (f. ‫ سبع عشرة‬sab‘a ‘ašrata) sentenced to …; ‫ سبق لي‬it happened to me
seventeen before, I experienced before (‫ ان‬that); ‫لم‬
‫ سبع‬sub‘, subu‘ pl. ‫ اسباع‬asbā‘ one- ‫ يسبق لي ان‬I have never before ...; ‫لم يسبق له‬
seventh ‫( مَثيل‬as) there has never been one before,
(which is) unprecedented; ‫ سبق السيف العذل‬s.
‫ سباعي‬subā‘ī consisting of seven parts; s-saifu l-‘adla (the sword anticipated
seven-lettered, consisting of seven letters censure, i.e.) one has to accept the
‫ سبعون‬sab‘ūn seventy accomplished fact, there is (was) nothing
one can (could) do about it, it is (was)
‫ سبعوني‬sab‘ūnī septuagenarian already too late; ‫( سبقه لسانه‬lisānuhū) to
‫ الترجمة السبعينية‬at-tajyama as-sab‘īnīya burst out impulsively (with an utterance)
the Septuagint II to cause (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to precede or
antecede; to premise (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to do or
‫( السبوعات‬Hebr. šebū‘ōt) as-sabū‘āt
give (‫ هـ‬s.th.) prematurely III to try to get
Shabuoth, the Feast of Weeks, or
ahead of s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to try to defeat or beat (‫ه‬
Pentecost, of the Jews
s.o.), seek to get the better of s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to
‫ اسبوع‬usbū‘ pl. ‫ اسابيع‬asābī‘2 week │‫اسبو‬ race (‫ ه‬s.o.), run a race (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
‫ ع اللَم‬Passion Week (Chr.) compete, vie (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to try to get
‫ اسبوعي‬usbū‘ī weekly; ‫ اسبوعيا‬weekly, by ahead of one another, seek to outdo one
the week another. compete, vie; to try to beat one
another (‫ الى‬to ) VIII = VI
‫ اسبوعية‬usbū‘īya weekly feature (radio)
‫ سبق‬sabaq antecedence; precedence,
‫ السابع‬as-sābi‘ the seventh priority │ ‫ سبق الصرار‬s. al-isrār
‫ سبغ‬sabaga u a (‫ سبغ‬subūg) to be long and premeditation, willfulness (jur.); ‫مَيزة السبق‬
wide; to abound, be abundant IV to make mīzat as-s. initiative; ‫ احرز قصد السبق‬see
wide, widen (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫احرز‬
complete; to bestow amply (‫ على‬upon s.o., ‫ سبق‬sabaq pl. ‫ اسباق‬asbāq stake (in a
‫ هـ‬s.th.), shower (‫ هـ على‬s.o. with); to lend, race)
impart liberally (‫ هـ على‬to s.th. s.th.); to
attribute, ascribe (‫ على‬to s.o., ‫ هـ‬qualities) ‫ سبق‬sabqa: ‫ سبقة القلم‬s. al-qalam slip of
│ ‫ اسبغ الوضوء‬to perform the ritual ablution the pen, lapsus calami
properly (Isl. Law) ‫ سبقة‬subqa stake (in a race)
‫ سابغ‬sābig pl. ‫ سوابغ‬sawābig2 long and ‫ سباق‬sabbāq anticipatory; precursory;
loose-fitting (garment); full, complete, triumphant │ ‫ قطار سباق‬fast train, express
perfect; excessive, abundant, ample train; -- (pl. -ūn) precursor; winner in
‫ سبق‬sabaqa i u (sabq) to be, come, go, get, or contest; O race-car driver
act, before or ahead of s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)هـ‬, ‫ اسبق‬asbaq2 earlier, antecedent;
precede, antecede (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., in place preceding, previous, prior; former, ex- │
and time), arrive before s.o. (‫ )ه‬at (‫ ;)الى‬to ‫( المقيم السبق‬muqīm) the ex-resident
outstrip, outdistance, leave behind (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
‫ اسبقية‬asbaqīya precedence, priority;
s.o., s.th.); to forestall (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
seniority
anticipate (o s.th.); to do 394 or say s.th. (
‫ )الى‬spontaneously before one can be ‫ سبق‬sibāq race (esp. of horses); contest
stopped; to turn spontaneously, │‫ مَتر‬100×4 ‫( سباق تتابع‬s. tatābu‘) 4X100 m
instinctively, without knowing why (‫ الى‬to relay race; ‫ حصان السباق‬race horse; ‫حلبة‬
‫ )مَيدان( السبق‬ḥalbat (maidān) as-s. race ‫ مَسبك‬masbak pl. ‫ مَسابك‬masābik2 foundry
track; ‫ سباق القوارب‬regatta, boat race; ‫سباق‬ ‫ تسبيك‬tasbīk stewing, braising (in a
‫ التسلح‬s. at-tasalluḥ arms race covered dish, with scant moisture)
‫ مَسابقة‬musābaqa pl. -āt race (esp. of ‫ سبل‬II to dedicate to charitable purposes (‫هـ‬
horses); contest; competition; emulation s.th.) IV to let (‫ هـ‬s.th.) hang down; to let
‫ تسابق‬tasābuq emulation; competition fall, drop (‫ هـ‬a curtain, drape, etc. ‫على‬
over); to close, shut (‫ على‬the eyes); to shed
‫ سابق‬sābiq pl. -ūn, ‫ سباق‬subbāq
(‫ على‬tears); to ear, form ears
antecedent, preceding, foregoing,
previous, prior; former, ex-; retired, ret.; ‫سا‬ ‫ سبل‬sabal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬ears (of
‫ بقا‬sābiqan formerly, previously │ ‫سابق‬ cereals)
‫( لوانه‬li-awānihī) premature; ‫في السابق‬ ‫ سبلة‬sabla manure, dung
formerly, at one time, once; ‫ كالسابق‬as
before; ‫ كسابق العادة‬as it was customary ‫ سبلة‬sabala pl. ‫ سبال‬sibāl mustache
before; as usual; ‫( المبلغ السابق صرفه‬mablag, ‫ سبيل‬sabīl m. and f., pl. ‫ سبل‬subul, ‫اسبلة‬
ṣarfuhū) the payment already effected asbila way, road, path; access; means,
‫ سابقة‬sābiqa precedence, priority; expedient, possibility (‫ الى‬to, for; -- pl. ‫اسبلة‬
previous case, precedent; previous, earlier asbila) public fountain); -- pl. ‫ سبلن‬siblān)
publication of an author; pl. ‫سوابق‬ clay pipe bowl, clay pipe (of the
sawābiq2 antecedents; previous Bedouins) │‫ ابن السبيل‬ibn as-s. vagabond,
convictions │‫ ذوي( السوابق‬or) ‫مَن اصحاب‬ tramp; wayfarer, traveler; ‫ في سبيل‬for the
previously convicted; ‫( مَن له سوابق‬man) sake of, for, in behalf of, in the interest of;
(one) previously convicted; recidivous ‫ بسبيل‬or ‫ عن سبيل‬by means of, through, by;
criminal ‫ في سبيل ا‬for the cause of God, in behalf
of God and his religion; ‫ علي سبيل‬by way
‫ سابقية‬sābiqīya: ‫ سابقية القصد‬s. al-qaṣd of, for: e.g., ‫( على سبيل التجربة‬tajriba) for a
premeditation (jur.) try, tentatively, ‫( على سبيل الفكاهة‬fukāha) for
‫ غير مَسبوق‬gair masbūq unprecedented fun, ‫ ذكر الشيء على سبيل المثال‬to quote s.th.
as an example; ‫ خلى سبيله‬see ‫خلو; ضاقت به‬
‫ مَسبقا‬musabbaqan prematurely, in
‫ السبل‬he was at his wit’s end; ‫ليس علي في ذلك‬
advance
‫( سبيل‬laisa ‘alayya) there is nothing to
‫ مَسابق‬musābiq pl. -ūn competitor; keep me from doing that, I am free to do
contestant; racer, runner that, it is no sin if I do that
‫ مَتسابق‬mvla.tdbiq competitor; ‫ سابل‬sābil: ‫ طريق سابلة‬a public, much-
contestant frequented road
‫ سبك‬sabaka i u (sabk) to found, cast (‫ هـ‬metal), ‫ السابلة‬as-sābila the passers-by
smelt (‫ هـ‬ore); to form, shape, mold (‫ه‬
‫ مَسبول‬masbūl lowered, down (curtain)
s.o.); to formulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to polish the
style (‫ هـ‬of s.th.) II to found, cast (‫هـ‬ ‫ اسباني‬,‫ السبان‬look up alphabetically
metal), smelt (‫ هـ‬ore); to braise, stew (‫هـ‬ ‫( سبنسة‬eg.) sibinsa pl. -āt caboose, brake van;
s.th.) VII to be poured into a mold, be cast baggage car (railroad)
‫ سبك‬sabk founding, outing; cast (also ‫ سبه‬sabah dotage
fig., = arrangement); formulation (of an
expression); shaping, forming (of a ‫‘ عقل مَسبوه‬aql masbūh impaired mind
person) │‫ صناعة سبك المعادن‬metallurgic (esp. due to old age), feeble-mindedness
industry; ‫( سبك ودقة‬diqqa) accuracy, ‫ سبهلل‬sabahlalan indifferently, aimlessly,
precision haphazardly, at random
‫ سباك‬sabbāk smelter, founder ‫ سباهلة‬sabāhila people without work,
‫ سباكة‬sibāka founder’s trade and activity idlers, loafers
‫ سبيكة‬sabīka pl. ‫ سبائك‬sabā’ik2 ingot ‫ سباهى‬look up alphabetically
‫ سبا‬look up alphabetically ‫ الستار الحديدي‬the Iron Curtain (pol.); ‫الستار‬
‫( الفضي‬fiḍḍī) motion-picture screen; ‫ستار مَن‬
‫( سبور‬Fr. sport) sbōr sport(s)
(‫ النار )النيران‬barrage (mil.); ‫رفع الستار عن‬
‫ سبى‬sabā i (saby, ‫ سباء‬sibā’) to take prisoner, ‫ الشيء‬to disclose, unveils, s.th. (also a
capture; to lead into captivity (esp. in monument); ‫ مَن وراء الستار‬behind the
war); to captivate, fascinate, enchant, scenes, backstage (fig.)
charm, beguile, intrigue (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ الستار‬as-sattār the Veiler, the Coverer
VIII = I
(attribute of God)
‫ سبي‬saby capture; captivity
‫ ستارة‬sitāra pl. ‫ ستائر‬satā’ir2 veil; screen;
‫ سبي‬sabīy pl. ‫ سبايا‬sabāyā captive, curtain, drape, window curtain; cover,
prisoner( of war) covering
‫ سبية‬sabīya (female) prisoner ‫ تستر‬tasattur cover (mil.)
‫ سبيداج‬sibīdāj white lead, ceruse O ‫ ساتر‬sātir screen, folding screen
‫ سبيذاج‬sibīdāj white lead, ceruse ‫ مَستور‬mastūr hidden, invisible; masked;
‫ س ت‬abbreviation of ‫ سجل تجاري‬sijill tijārī chaste; (one) having a blameless record
commercial register (Isl. Law); pl. ‫ مَساتير‬masātīr2 hidden,
secret things
‫ است‬buttocks, backside 396
1
‫ مَتستر‬mutasattir O anonymous
‫ ستة‬sitta (f. ‫ ست‬sitt) six; ‫ ستة عشر‬sittata ‘ašara
(f. ‫ ست عشرة‬sitta ‘ašrata) sixteen ‫ مَستتر‬mustatir hidden, concealed,
latent; understood, implied (pronoun)
‫ ستون‬sittūn sixty
‫ ستف‬II to stack up, store up, stow (‫ هـ‬goods); to
‫ ستونى‬sittūnī sexagenarian arrange
‫ السات‬as-sātt the sixth ‫ تستيف‬tastīf stacking, stowing, storage
2
□‫ ست‬sitt pl. -āt lady │‫ ست الحسن‬s. al-ḥusn a ‫ سته‬sath, sith, satah pl. ‫ استاه‬astāh buttocks,
variety of morning-glory (Ipomoea cairica backside
Webb.; bot.); also = belladonna, deadly
nightshade (bot.) ‫ سجارة‬sigāra pl. -āt, ‫ سجائر‬sagā’ir2, ‫سجاير‬
sagāyir2 (Eg. spelling) cigarette
‫ استاذ‬pl. ‫ اساتذة‬look up alphabetically
‫ اسجح‬asjaḥ2 f. ‫ سجحاء‬sajḥā’2 well-
‫ ستر‬satara u i (satr) to cover, veil (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., shaped, shapely, beautiful
s.th.); to hide, conceal (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫عن‬
from); to disguise (‫ عن هـ‬s.th. from s.o.); to ‫ سجد‬sajadah u (‫ سجود‬sujūd) to bow down, bow
shield, guard, protect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫عن‬ in worship; to throw o.s. down, prostrate
against or from); to forgive (‫ هـ على‬s.o o.s. (‫ ل‬before); to worship (‫ ل‬God)
.s.th.), overlook, condone s.th. (‫ )هـ‬done ‫ سجدة‬sajda pl. sajadāt prostration in
by s.o. (‫ )على‬II = I; V to be covered, be prayer │ ‫ احد السجدة‬aḥa as-s. Whitsunday
veiled; to cover o.s., hide o.s., be (Chr.)
concealed (‫ على‬from) VIII to cover o.s.,
‫ سجود‬sujūd prostration, adoration,
hide o.s.; to be veiled, be hidden, be
warship; also pl. of ‫ ساجد‬sājid (see below)
concealed (‫ على‬from)
‫ سجاد‬sajjād pl. -ūn worshiper (of God)
‫ ستر‬sitr pl. ‫ ستور‬sutūr, ‫ استار‬astār veil;
screen; curtain, drape, window curtain; ‫ سجادة‬sajjāda, coll. ‫ سجاد‬sajjād pl. ‫سجاجيد‬
covering; cover (also mil.); protection, sajājīd2 prayer rug; rug, carpet │ ‫صاحب‬
shelter, guard, shield; pretext, excuse ‫ السجادة‬and ‫ شيخ السجادة‬title of the leaders of
certain dervish orders in their capacity of
‫ سترة‬sutra pl. ‫ ستر‬sutar jacket; tunic
inheritors of the founder’s prayer rug
‫ ستري‬sutarī (eg.) clown, buffoon
‫ مَسجد‬masjid pl. ‫ مَساجد‬masājid2 mosque
‫ ستار‬sitār pl. ‫ ستر‬sutur veil, screen; │ ‫( مَسجد جامَع‬jāmi‘) large mosque, mosque
covering; curtain, drape; pretext, excuse │
where the Friday prayer is conducted; ‫المس‬ ‫ سجل‬sijill pl. -āt scroll; register; list,
‫( جد الحرام‬ḥarām) the Holy Mosque in index; ‫ سجلات‬records, archives │ ‫السجل‬
Mecca; ‫( المسجد القصى‬aqṣā) name of a ‫( التجاري‬tijārī) commercial register; ‫السجل‬
mosque on Jerusalem’s Temple Square; ‫( الذهبي‬dahabī) Golden Book; ‫سجل الزيارات‬
397 ‫ المسجدان‬the two Mosques (of Mecca visitors’ book, guest book; ‫سجل التشريفات‬
and Medina) list of visitors (dipl.); or ‫سجلات ( سجل الطيان‬
or) cadastre, land register; ‫السجل العقاري‬
‫ ساجد‬sājid pl. ‫ سجد‬sujjad, ‫ سجود‬sujūd
(‘aqārī) do.
prostrate in adoration, worshiping
1 ‫ تسجيل‬tasjīl pl. -āt entering, entry,
‫ سجر‬sajara u to fire up, heat (‫ هـ‬a stove, an
registration; documentation;
oven, etc.) II to cause to overflow (‫هـ‬
authentication; booking; recording; tape-
water)
recording; registering (of mail) │ ‫تسجيل‬
‫ مَسجر‬musajjar long and flowing (of ‫‘( عقاري‬aqārī) entry in the land register; ‫آلة‬
hair) ‫( تسجيل الصوت‬t. aṣ-ṣaut) tape recorder
2
‫ سجارة‬look up alphabetically ‫ سجال‬sijāl contest, competition with
‫ سجس‬II to upset (‫ ه‬s.o.) alternate success │‫كانت الحرب بينهم سجالا‬
(ḥarb) their battle had its ups and downs,
‫ سجع‬saja‘a a (saj‘) to coo (pigeon); to speak in they fought each other with alternate
rhymed prose II to speak in rhymed prose success
‫ سجع‬rhymed prose ‫ مَساجلة‬musājala pl. -āt contest,
‫ سجعة‬saj‘a a passage of rhymed prose competition; discussion, talk
‫ ساجع‬composer of rhymed prose ‫ مَسجل‬musajjil pl. -ūn registrar; notary
public; (pl. -āt) tape recorder │‫شريط مَسجل‬
‫ سجف‬sajf, sijf pl. ‫ اسجاف‬asjāf, ‫ سجوف‬sujūf pl. ‫ شرائط مَسجلة‬magnetic tape; ‫مَسجل الكلية‬
curtain, veil m. al-kullīya secretary of the faculty
‫ سجاف‬sijāf pl. ‫ سجف‬sujuf curtain, veil ‫ مَسجل‬musajjal registered, etc. (see II) │
‫( سجق‬Turk. sucuk) sujuq sausage │‫سجق مَحمر‬ ‫ رسالة مَسجلة‬registered letter; ‫مَراسلت مَسجلة‬
(muḥammar) fried, or grilled, sausage (murāsalāt) registered mail; ‫اطنان مَسجلة‬
register tons; ‫( حفلة مَسجلة‬ḥafla) concert of
‫ سجل‬II to register, enter (‫ هـ‬s.th.), make an
recorded music
entry (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to note down, record (‫هـ‬
s.th.), make a note of (‫ ;)هـ‬to have (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ سجم‬sajama u (‫ سجوم‬sujūm, ‫ سجام‬sijām) to flow,
recorded, put (‫ هـ‬s.th.) on record, make a stream, well forth (tears, water); -- sajama
deposition or statement for the official i (sajm, ‫ سجوم‬sujūm, ‫ سجمان‬sajamān) to
records; to document, prove by pour forth (‫ هـ‬water), shed (‫ هـ‬tears) IV to
documentary evidence (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to give shed (‫ هـ‬tears) VII to flow, stream, well
evidence (‫ هـ‬or s.th.); to score (‫ هـ‬s.th., forth (water); to be fluent, elegant
e.g., ‫ اصابة‬a hit); to put down, write down, (speech); to be harmonious; to harmonize,
book (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to s.o.’s debit); to record be in keeping (‫ مَع‬with 398
(‫ هـ‬s.th., said of an apparatus; also, e.g., ‫في‬ ‫ انسجام‬insijām fluency; harmony; order
‫ الشرائط المسجلة‬on tape); to capture, catch (‫هـ‬
a scene); to set (‫ هـ‬a record; athlet.); to ‫ مَنسجم‬munsajim harmonious
register (‫ هـ‬a letter); to enter (‫ هـ‬s.th.) in the ‫ سجن‬sajana u (sajn) to jail, imprison (‫ ه‬s.o.)
commercial register; to have (‫ هـ‬an
invention) patented, secure a patent (‫ هـ‬on) ‫ سجن‬sajn detention, imprisonment
│ ‫سجل على نفسه ان‬to go on record for (doing ‫ سجن‬sijn pl. ‫ سجون‬sujūn prison, jail
or being s.th.) III to rival, contend; to
‫ سجين‬sajīn pl. ‫ سجناء‬sujanā’2, ‫سجنى‬
dispute, debate (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to contest (‫ه‬
sajnā imprisoned, jailed, captive; prisoner,
s.o.’s right ‫ هـ‬to s.th.) │‫ساجله الحديث‬
prison inmate, convict
(ḥadīta) to draw s.o. into a conversation,
have a talk with s.o. ‫ سجينة‬sajīna pl. -āt female prisoner
‫ سجان‬sajjān jailer, prison guard, warden traveling all day; ‫ سحابة اربعة قرون‬in the
course of four centuries
‫ مَسجون‬masjūn pl. ‫ مَساجين‬masājīn2
imprisoned, jailed, captive; prisoner, ‫ سحابة‬suḥāba film on the eye
prison inmate, convict ‫ سحاب‬saḥḥāb (Syr., Pal.) zipper, slide
(‫ سجا )سجو‬sajā u (‫ سجو‬sajw, ‫ سجو‬sujūw) to be fastener
calm, quiet, tranquil (night, sea) II to ‫ مَسحب‬maṣḥab: ‫ مَسحب الهواء‬m. al-hawā’
cover with a winding sheet, to shroud ( source of the breeze or draft; draft (of air)
‫ الميت‬al-mayyita the deceased) V to cover
o.s. (‫ هـ‬with a garment) ‫ انسحاب‬insiḥāb withdrawal, retreat,
pulling out, evacuation (esp. mil.);
‫ سجية‬sajīya pl. -āt, ‫ سجايا‬sajāyā nature, resignation; stretching, extension
natural disposition, temper, character; pl.
characteristics, traits │ ‫عن سجية‬of one’s ‫ ساحب‬sāḥib drawer (of a bill of
own accord, spontaneously exchange)
‫ ساج‬sājin quiet, calm, tranquil; dark ‫ المسحوب عليه‬al-masḥūb ‘alaihi drawee
(night) (of a bill of exchange)
‫ مَسجى‬musajjan covered with a winding ‫ سحت‬suḥt, suḥut pl. ‫ اسحات‬asḥāt s.th. forbidden
sheet, shrouded (corpse); laid out (corpse) or banned; illegal possessions, ill-gotten
property
‫ سح‬saḥḥa u i (saḥḥ, ‫ سحوح‬suḥūḥ) to flow
down, flow, fun, stream │ ‫سحت السماء‬ ‫ سحتوت‬saḥtūt Eg. square measure of 0.304 m2
saḥḥat is-samā’ it rained cats and dogs (= 1/24 sahm); -- suḥtūt penny
‫‘ عين سحاحة‬ain saḥḥāḥ tearful eye ‫ سحج‬saḥaja a (saḥj) to scrape off, shave off,
scratch off, rub off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to graze,
‫ سحب‬saḥaba a (saḥb) to trail on the ground, abrade (‫ هـ‬the skin), strip off (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to
drag along (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to withdraw (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s,o., scrape off, abrade, strip off (‫ هـ‬s.th.) 399
s.th., also, e.g., a measure, an order, etc.);
to pull out (‫ هم‬troops, ‫ عن‬from); to take ‫ مَسحج‬misḥaj pl. ‫ مَساحج‬masāḥij2 plane
away (‫ هـ مَن‬from s.o. s.th.), strip, (tool)
dispossess, divest (‫ هـ مَن‬s.o. of); to draw ( ‫ مَسحجة‬misḥaja pl. ‫ مَساحج‬masāḥij2
‫ هـ‬water); to take out, withdraw (‫ هـ‬money, planing machine, planer
from an account); to draw (‫ هـ‬a bill of
exchange, a lot); to unsheathe, draw (‫ هـ‬a ‫ مَسحاج‬misḥāj pl. ‫ مَساحيج‬masāḥij2 plane
sword); to apply, make applicable (‫على هـ‬ (tool)
s.th. to; said of a law or statute) │ ‫سحب‬ ‫ مَسحوج‬masḥūj raw, sore (like a skin
‫‘(العمل به على‬amala) to extend the abrasion)
applicability of s.th. to ... VII to drag o.s.
along, struggle along; to retreat, withdraw, ‫ سحر‬saḥara a (siḥr) to bewitch, charm,
pull out, fall back (‫ مَن‬from); to be drawn enchant, infatuate, fascinate (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
out; to be applied (‫ على‬to; of a law or s.th.); to wheedle, coax (‫ ه‬s.o.) II = I; V to
statute) have a light meal (shortly before
daybreak)
‫ سحب‬saḥb withdrawal (of troops, of
measures, of rights, of money from an ‫ سحر‬saḥar, suḥr pl. ‫ سحور‬suḥūr, ‫اسحار‬
account, etc.); (pl. ‫ سحوبات‬suhūbāt) asḥār lungs, pulmonary region of the
drawing (in a lottery) body

‫ سحاب‬saḥāb (coll.) clouds ‫ سحر‬siḥr bewitchment, beguilement,


enchantment, fascination; -- (pl. ‫اسحار‬
‫ سحابة‬saḥāba (n. un.) pl. ‫ سحائب‬suḥub, asḥār, ‫ سحور‬suḥūr) sorcery, witchcraft,
‫ سحائب‬saḥā’ib2 cloud; (pl. -āt) umbrella magic; charm (of a woman)
(magr.); ‫ سحابة‬saḥābata during, in the
course of │(‫ سحابة النهار )اليوم‬saḥābata n- ‫ سحري‬siḥrī magic(al) │ ‫فانوس سحري‬
nahār (l-yaum) all day long; ‫سرنا سحابة‬ (fānūs) magic lantern, slide projector
sirnā saḥābata yauminā we have bean
‫ سحر‬saḥar pl. ‫ اسحار‬asḥār time before ‫ سحل‬saḥala a (saḥl) to scrape off, shave off,
daybreak, early morning, dawn peel (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to smooth, make smooth (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to plane (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to file (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ سحور‬saḥūr last meal before daybreak
during the month of Ramadan ‫ سحالة‬saḥāla filings, file dust
‫ سحار‬saḥḥār pl. -ūn sorcerer, magician, ‫ سحلية‬siḥlīya pl. saḥālin lizard (eg.)
wizard, charmer ‫ مَسحل‬misḥa1 pl. ‫ مَساحل‬masāḥil2 tool for
‫ سحارة‬saḥḥāra sorceress, witch smoothing, plane; file
‫ سحارة‬saḥḥāra pl. -āt culvert; (pl. ‫سحاحي‬ ‫ ساحل‬sāḥil pl. ‫ سواحل‬sawāḥil2 littoral,
‫( ر‬saḥāhīr2) case, crate, chest, box coast, seashore; (Eg.) river harbor,
anchorage (on the Nile) │‫ حفر السواحل‬kafar
‫ مَساحر‬masāḥir2: ‫( انتفخت مَساحره‬intafakat)
as-s. coast guard; ‫( لَ ساحل له‬sāḥila)
his lungs became inflated (out of fear or
shoreless
pride)
‫ ساحلي‬sāḥilī coastal, littoral; (pl. ‫سواحلة‬
‫ ساحر‬sāḥir charming, enchanting; (pl.
sawāḥila) coastal inhabitant; Swahili 400
-ūn, ‫ سحرة‬saḥara, ‫ سحار‬suḥḥār) sorcerer,
enchanter, magician, wizard, charmer ‫ سحلب‬saḥlab salep (dried tuber of various
species of Orchis); a sweet drink made of
‫ ساحرة‬sāḥira pl. -āt, ‫ سواحر‬sawāḥir2
sorceress, witch salep
‫ سحم‬saḥam blackness, black color
‫ سحق‬saḥaqa a (saḥq) to crush (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to pound, bruise, powder, ‫ سحمة‬suḥma blackness, black color
pulverize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to annihilate, wipe out ‫ سحام‬suḥām blackness black color
(‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., an army); to wear out (‫هـ‬
clothing); -- saḥiqa a, saḥuqa u (suḥq) to ‫ اسحم‬asḥam2, f. ‫ سحماء‬saḥmā’2, pl. ‫سحم‬
be distant, far away, remote II to crush; to suḥum black
annihilate, destroy V and VII to be ‫ سحن‬saḥana a (saḥn) to crush, pound, bruise,
crushed, be pounded, be bruised, be grind (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to smooth by rubbing (‫هـ‬
pulverized s.th.)
‫ سحق‬saḥq crushing, bruising, ‫ سحنة‬saḥna and saḥana pl. saḥanāt, ‫سحن‬
pulverization; (pl. ‫ سحوق‬suhūq) worn suḥan (external) appearance, look(s);
garment, rag facial expression, air, mien
‫ سحق‬suḥq, suḥuq distance, remoteness; ‫ مَسحنة‬misḥana pl. ‫ مَساحن‬masāḥin2
depth, vastness (of an abyss) │‫سحقا له‬ pestle
suḥqan lahū away with him! to hell with
him! ‫ سحاءة‬siḥā’a pl. ‫ سحايا‬saḥāyā cerebral
membrane, cortex
‫ سحيق‬saḥīq far away, distant, remote;
deep, bottomless (abyss, depth) ‫ سحائي‬siḥā’ī meningeal │ ‫مَرض الَلتهاب‬
‫( السحائي‬maraḍ al-ilt.) meningitis
‫ مَساحقة‬musāḥaqa and ‫ سحاق‬siḥāq
tribady, Lesbianism ‫ مَسحاة‬misḥāh pl. ‫ مَساح‬masāḥin iron
shovel, spade
‫ انسحاق القلب‬insiḥāq al-qalb contrition,
penitence, repentance ‫ سختيان‬suktiyān, siktiyān morocco (leather)
‫ ساحق‬sāḥiq crushing; overwhelming ‫ سخر‬sakira a (sakar, sakr, sukur, sukr, ‫سخرة‬
(majority) sukra, ‫ مَسخر‬maskar) to laugh, scoff, jeer,
sneer (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬at), mock, ridicule, deride (
‫ مَسحوق‬masḥūq ground, grated (bread, ‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), make fun (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬of)
nutmeg, etc.); (pl. ‫ مَساحق‬masāḥiq2) II to subject, make subservient (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫هـ‬
powder │ ‫ مَسحوق الفحم‬m. al-faḥm coal dust s.th., ‫ ل‬to or for the purpose of); to make
‫ مَنسحق القلب‬m. al-qalb contrite, penitent, serviceable (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to), employ, utilize,
repentant turn to profitable account (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. for),
make use (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of, ‫ ل‬for); to exploit (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬for) V to reduce to servitude,
subjugate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to scoff, jeer, sneer
‫ سخرة‬sukra laughingstock, target of
ridicule; corvée, statute labor, forced labor
│ ‫ رجال السخرة‬serfs, bondsmen; ‫اعمال السخرة‬
forced labor, slave labor
‫ سخري‬sukrī, sikrī laughingstock, target
of ridicule; corvée, statute labor, forced
labor
‫ سخرية‬sukrīya scorn, derision, mockery,
irony; laughingstock, object of ridicule
‫ مَسخرة‬maskara pl. -āt, ‫ مَساخر‬masākir2
object of ridicule, laughingstock;
ridiculous, droll, ludicrous; masquerade
‫ تسخير‬taskīr subjugation, subjection;
exploitation
‫ مَسخر‬musakkir oppressor
‫ سخط‬sakiṭa a (sakal) to be annoyed (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
at s.o., at s.th.), be displeased, be angry (‫هـ‬
or ‫ ه‬with s.o.), resent (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to
discontent, embitter (‫ ه‬s.o.); to anger, ‫ سخف‬sakafa u (sukf, ‫ سخافة‬sakāfa) to be feeble
exasperate, enrage (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I (wit); to be stupid, foolish
‫ سخط‬sukut, sukṭ, sakat discontent, ‫ سخف‬sakufa feeble-mindedness,
annoyance, displeasure, indignation, dimwittedness; imbecility, idiocy;
anger, irritation, exasperation; wrath, nonsense, foolishness, folly
bitterness, grudge, resentment ‫ سخيف‬sakīf pl. ‫ سخاف‬sikāf stupid,
‫ مَسخطة‬maskaṭa pl. ‫ مَساخط‬masākiṭ 2 fatuous, simple-minded; absurd, silly,
object of annoyance, of wrath, of anger ridiculous, foolish; despicable, inferior;
(pl. ‫ سخفاء‬sukafā’) fool
‫ مَسخوط‬maskūt loathsome, hated,
odious; (pl. ‫ مَساخيط‬masākīṭ) (eg.) idol ‫ سخافة‬sakāfa feeble-mindedness
dimwittedness; (pl. -āt) folly, silly thing to
‫ تسخط‬tasaḳḳut annoyance, displeasure, do, childish prank
anger, wrath
‫ سخائف‬sakā’if silly things 401
‫ سخلة‬sakla pl. ‫ سخال‬sikāl lamb
‫ سخم‬II to make black, blacken with soot,
besmut (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫(سخم بصدره‬bi-ṣadrihī) to
irritate s.o., make s.o. angry V to hate (‫على‬
s.o.), harbor resentment (‫ على‬against s.o.),
be angry (‫ على‬with)
‫ سخم‬sakam blackness
‫ سخمة‬sukma blackness; hatred,
resentment, ill will
‫ سخام‬sukam soot, smut
‫ سخيمة‬sakīma pl. ‫ سخائم‬sakā’im hatred,
resentment, ill will
‫ سخن‬sakuna u, sakana u and sakina a ( s.o.; ‫ سد مَطاعمه‬to satisfy or fulfill s.o.’s
‫ سخونة‬sukūna, ‫ سخانة‬sakāna, ‫ سخنة‬sukna) to claims; ‫( سد فراغا‬farāgan) to fill a gap; ‫سد‬
be or become hot or warm; to warm (up); ‫ النواقص‬to remove or remedy deficiencies;
to be feverish II to make hot, to beat, -- sadda i (‫ سدود‬sudūd, ‫ سداد‬sadād) to be
warm (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV = II sound, right, in proper condition; to hit the
right thing, say or do the right thing; to be
‫ سخن‬sukn hot, warm
apposite, be to the point II to block, bar,
‫ سخانة‬sakāna heat, warmth obstruct (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pay, defray, settle,
‫ سخونة‬sukūna heat, warmth cover (‫ هـ‬expenses, debts, etc.); to guide (
‫ نحو‬s.o. to), show (‫ ه‬s.o.) the right way (‫نحو‬
O ‫ سخان‬sakkān, ‫ سخان مَياه‬s. miyāh boiler, to); to direct (‫ هـ الى‬s.th. to), point, level (‫هـ‬
hot-water tank ‫ الى‬s.th. at); to aim (‫ الى‬at); to sight, take
O ‫ سخانة‬sakkāna hot-water bottle │‫سخانة‬ aim by a sight; to focus (‫ الى‬on; phot.); to
‫ الحمام‬s. al-ḥammām bath heater, geyser draw a bead (‫ الى‬or ‫ نحو‬on s.th.) │ ‫سدد‬
‫(دينا‬dainan) to pay or settle a debt; ‫سدد عجزا‬
‫ سخانات‬sakkānāt hot springs (‘ajzan) to cover a deficit; ‫سدد خطاه‬
‫ ساخن‬sākin pl. ‫ سخان‬sukkān hot, warm (kuṭāhu) to guide s.o.’s stepa IV to hit the
right thing, say or do the right thing; to be
(‫ سخو‬and ‫ سخا )سخي‬sakā u, ‫ سخي‬sakiya a (‫سخاء‬
apposite, be to the point V to be guided,
sakā’) and ‫ سخو‬sakuwa u (‫ سخاوة‬sakāwa)
be directed, be shown (‫ الى‬to) VII to be
to be liberal. generous (‫ ب على‬with s.th.
blocked, be obstructed, be plugged up,
toward s.o.); to grant, award (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫على‬
become or be clogged or congested 402
to s.o.), confer, bestow (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ على‬upon
s.o.) V to show o.s. generous, display ‫ سد‬sadd plugging, closing, stopping up;
liberality; to endeavor to be liberal or obstruction, barring, barricading;
generous VI = V blocking; defrayment (of costs), payment,
settlement (of a debt, of expenses);
‫ سخاء‬sakā’ liberality, munificence,
fulfillment, satisfaction (of a claim, etc.);
generosity
-- sadd, sudd pl. ‫ سدود‬sudūd, ‫ اسداد‬asdād
‫ سخي‬sakīy pl. ‫ اسخياء‬askiyā’ liberal, obstruction, block, obstacle; barrier;
openhanded, generous; giving generously rampart, bank, mound; dike; dam; weir;
(‫ ب‬s.th.), being lavish (‫ ب‬with) │‫سخية أمَوال‬ barrage, river dam; bar, rail; hurdle
ample funds; ‫( سخي النفس عن الشيء‬s. an- (athlet.); bulwark (fig.) │‫‘( السد العالى‬ālī)
nafs) only too glad to relinquish or give up the High Dam (near Aswān); ‫سد المناطيد‬
s.th. balloon barrage (mil.); ‫ حارة السد‬blind alley,
‫ سخاوة‬sakāwa generosity dead end

‫ سد‬sadda u (sadd) to plug up, close up, stop up ‫ سدة‬sadda block, barrier; obstruction,
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to clog, congest (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bar, obstacle; barricade; dam │‫السدة الشريانية‬
obstruct, block up, barricade (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫على‬ (širyānīya) embolism (med.)
‫ هـ‬to s.o. s.th.); to block, blockade (‫هـ‬ ‫ سدة‬sudda pl. ‫ سدد‬sudad gate, door;
s.th.); to cork, plug, stopper (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to threshold; seat; couch. divan │‫السدة الرسولية‬
pay, defray, settle, cover (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. (‫( )الباباوية‬rasūlīya) the Holy See
expenses, a debt, etc.); to fulfill, satisfy,
‫ سدد‬sadad obstruction, clogging (of a
meet (‫ هـ‬a claim, and the like) │ ‫سد‬
pipe)
‫(ثغرة‬tugratan) to fill a gap, close a breach;
‫( سد ثلمة‬tulmatan) to fill a gap; ‫سد خلة‬ ‫ سداد‬sadād payment, defrayment,
(kallatan) to remedy a shortcoming; ‫سد‬ settlement, discharge, liquidation; the
‫( حاجته‬ḥājatahū) to meet s.o.’s need, proper, right thing to do, the apposite
provide for s.o.; ‫( سد رمَقه‬ramaqahū) to thing to say; appropriateness, appositeness
keep s.o. or o.s. barely alive, eke out an (of a remark), lucky hand (in one’s
existence; to provide s.o. with a bare actions) │‫ تحت السداد‬outstanding, due,
existences; to allay s.o.’s hunger; ‫سد مَسده‬ unpaid (com.); ‫ بسداد‬appropriately,
(masaddahū) to fill s.o.’s place, replace
appositely; ‫ سداد الرأي‬s. ar-ra’y ‫ سدف‬sadaf pl. ‫ اسداف‬asdāf darkness, twilight,
levelheadedness dusk
‫ سداد‬sudād obstruction in the nose ‫ سدف‬sudfa pl. ‫ سدف‬sudaf darkness,
twilight, dusk; curtain
‫ سداد‬sidād pl. ‫ اسدة‬asidda plug, stopper,
cork │O ‫ سداد التوصيل‬plug (el.) ‫ سدل‬sadala u i (sadl) to let (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
hang down or fall down; to let down,
‫ سدادة‬sidāda plug, stopper, cork; O sight
drop, lower (‫ على‬s.th. on); pass. sudila to
(of a gun)
hang down (‫ على‬on) II and IV = I; V to
‫ سديد‬sadīd hitting the target (arrow, 403 hang down, be lowered, be down VII
spear); apposite, pat, pertinent, relevant, to descend (‫ على‬on)
right, correct (answer, view)
‫ سدل‬sidl, sudl pl. ‫ سدول‬sudūl, ‫ اسدال‬asdāl
‫ اسد‬asadd2 more apposite, more relevant veil, curtain
‫ تسديد‬tasdīd payment, defrayment, ‫ سدم‬VII to dry up (spring)
settlement, discharge, liquidation │ ‫تحت‬
‫ سدم‬sadam sorrow, sadness, affliction,
‫ التسديد‬outstanding, due, unpaid (com.)
grief
‫ ساد‬sādd obstructive
‫ سديم‬sadīm pl. ‫ سدم‬sudum mist, haze;
‫ مَسدود‬masdūd closed (circuit; el.) nebula (astron.)
□ ‫(سدب‬eg.; sadab) = ‫ سذاب‬sadāb ‫ سديمي‬sadīmī nebular; nebulous
‫ سدر‬sadira a (sadar, ‫ سدارة‬sadāra) to be ‫ سدانة‬sidāna office of gatekeeper or custodian
dazzled (eye); to be confused, bewildered, (of a shrine, specif. of the Kaaba)
startled, dazed; to be deluded
‫ سادن‬sādin pl. ‫ سدنة‬sadana custodian,
‫ سدر‬sidr (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ سدر‬sidar, gatekeeper of the Kaaba; sexton, sacristan
-āt, ‫ سدور‬sudūr a variety of Christ’s-thorn (Chr.); keeper, curator; pl. ‫ سدنة‬crew (of a
(Zizyphus spina Christi; bot.); lotus tree │ machine gun, of a tank, etc.)
‫سدرة المنتهى‬s. al-muntahā the lotus tree in
(‫ سدو‬and ‫ )سدى‬II to confer (‫ الى هـ‬a benefit on
the Seventh Heaven; ‫ بلغ سدرة المنتهى‬to
s.o.) IV to confer (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى هـ‬a benefit on
attain the highest goal, achieve ultimate
s.o.); to render, perform, do (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫اسد‬
results
‫( ى اليه خدمَة‬kidma) to render s.o. a service;
‫ سدارة‬sidāra pl. ‫ سدائر‬sadā’ir an Iraqi ‫( اسدى اليه الَرشادات‬iršādāt) to make
headgear, commonly of black velvet; suggestions to s.o., advise s.o.; ‫اسدى اليه‬
overseas cap ‫( الشكر‬šukr) to extend one’s thanks to s.o.,
‫ سيدارة‬sīdāra pl. -āt = ‫ سدارة‬sidāra thank s.o.; ‫ اسدى فائدة‬to be beneficial; ‫اسدى‬
‫( اليه )له( النصح‬nuṣḥ) to give s.o. (a word of)
‫ سادر‬sādir reckless (‫ في‬in s.th.) advice; ‫( اسدى اليه يدا‬yadan) to do s.o. a
‫ سدس‬II to make sixfold (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to multiply by favor
six (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make hexagonal, make ‫ سدى‬sadan pl. ‫ اسدية‬asdiya warp (of a
hexangular (‫ هـ‬s.th.) fabric); a continuous, prevailing
‫ سدس‬suds, sudus pl. ‫ اسداس‬asdās one- characteristic or trait, thread (of a story, of
sixth an argument, etc.)
‫ سداسي‬sudāsī sixfold; consisting of six ‫ سداة‬sadāh warp (of a fabric); a
parts continuous, prevailing characteristic or
trait, thread (of a story, of an argument,
‫ السادس‬as-sādis the sixth etc.)
‫ مَسدس‬muaaddas hexagonal; hexagon; ‫ سدى‬sudan in vain, futilely, to no end,
hexahedral; hexahedron; (pl. -āt) revolver, uselessly │ ‫ذهب سدى‬to be in vain, futile,
sixshooter │ ‫ مَسدس اشارة‬m. išāra Very useless
pistol
‫ سذاب‬sadāb rue, herb of grace (bot.)
‫ مَسدسة‬musaddasa pistol, gun, revolver
‫ سذبي‬sadabī of the rue (eulogy after the name of a deceased
Muslim saint)
‫ سذاجة‬sadāja simplicity; innocence,
ingenuousness, naiveté; homeliness, ‫ سري‬sirrī secret; private; confidential;
plainness; guilelessness mysterious, cryptic; sacramental (Chr.) │
‫ المَراض السرية‬venereal diseases
‫ ساذج‬sādaj, sādij pl. ‫ سذج‬suddaj simple;
plain, uncolored, uniform (fabric); ‫ سرية‬sirrīya secret; sportiveness
innocent, ingenuous, naive; plain, homely; ‫ سر‬surr pl. ‫ اسرة‬asirra umbilical cord
artless, guileless, candid, frank
(character); primitive ‫ سرة‬surra pl. -āt, ‫ سرر‬surar navel,
1 umbilicus; center
‫( سر‬Pers. sar head) formerly in compounds:
head, chief; ‫ سردار‬sirdār (Eg.) supreme ‫ سري‬surrī umbilical │ ‫( الحبل السري‬ḥabl)
commander; commanding general; ‫سرعسك‬ umbilical cord
‫ ر‬sar‘askar general (in the former ‫ سرر‬surur, sirar umbilical cord
Ottoman army); ‫ سريوران‬saryawarān
adjutant general ‫ سرر‬surur line of the palm or forehead
2
‫ سر‬sarra u (‫ سرور‬surūr, ‫ تسرة‬tasirra, ‫مَسرة‬ ‫ سرار‬sarār: ‫ سرار الشهر‬s. aš-šahr last
masarra) to make happy, gladden, delight, night of the lunar month
cheer (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass. surra (‫ سرور‬surūr) to ‫ سرار‬sirār pl. ‫ اسرة‬asirra, ‫ اسارير‬asārīr2
be happy, glad, delighted (‫ ل‬or ‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬at), line of the palm or forehead; pl. features,
take pleasure (‫ ل‬or ‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬in) II to make facial expression, air, also ‫ اسارير الوجه‬a.
happy, gladden, delight, cheer (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to al-wajh
confide a secret (‫ ه‬to s.o.) │ ‫ساره في اذنه‬
(udnihī) to whisper in s.o.’s ear IV to ‫ سرور‬surūr joy, happiness, delight,
make happy, gladden, delight, cheer (‫ه‬ pleasure; glee, gaiety, hilarity, mirth
s.o.); to keep secret, hide, conceal, ‫ سرير‬sarīr pl. ‫ اسرة‬asirra, ‫ سرور‬surūr,
disguise (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tell confidentially, ‫ سراير‬sarāyīr2 bedstead, bed; throne,
confide (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ الى‬to s.o. s.th.); to tell elevated seat
under one’s breath, whisper (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ الى‬to
‫ سريرة‬sarīra pl. ‫ سرائر‬sarā’ir2 secret;
s.o. s.th.) │ ‫( اسر في اذنه‬udnihī) to whisper
secret thought; mind, heart, soul │ ‫صفاء‬
in s.o.’s ear (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V ‫ تسرى‬tasarrā (and ‫ت‬
‫ السريرة‬ṣafā’ as-s. clearness of conscience;
‫ سرر‬tasarrara) to take (‫ ب‬or ‫ ها‬a woman)
‫ طيب السريرة‬ṭayyib as-s. guileless
as concubine (‫ سرية‬surriya) X to try to
simplehearted
hide; to hide, be hidden (‫ عن‬from); to take
as concubine (‫ ها‬a woman) ‫ سراء‬sarrā’2 happiness prosperity │ ‫في‬
‫( السراء والضراء‬ḍarrā’) in good and bad
‫ سر‬sirr pl. ‫ اسرار‬asrār secret; secret
days, for better or for worse
thought; heart, inmost; secrecy; mystery;
sacrament (Chr.); underlying reason (of ‫ سرية‬surriya pl. ‫ سراري‬sarārīy
s.th.); ‫ سرا‬sirran secretly, privately │ ‫سرا‬ concubine
‫‘( وعلنية‬alāniyatan) secretly and publicly; ‫ مَسرة‬masarra pl. -āt joy, happiness,
‫ سر الليل‬s. al-lail watchword, password; delight, pleasure; glee, gaiety, hilarity,
‫ اسرار القرآن‬the secret meaning of the mirth
Koran; ‫ كاتب السر‬secretary; ‫ كاتم السر‬do.; ‫كلمة‬
‫ السر‬kalimat as-s. watchword, password; ‫بس‬ ‫ مَسرة‬misarra pl. ‫ مَسار‬masārr2 speaking
‫ ركم‬or ‫ في سركم‬to your 404 health! cheerio! tube; telephone
skoal! ‫ في سره‬secretly, ‫ تسر‬tasarrin concubinage
Inwardly, in his heart; ‫ اتعب سره‬at‘aba ‫ استسرار‬istisrār concubinage
sirrahū to trouble, worry, bother, harass
s.o.; ‫ اجرى سرا‬ajrā sirran to dispense a ‫ سار‬sārr gladdening, gratifying, joyous,
sacrament (Chr.); ‫ قدس ا سره‬qaddasa glad, cheering, delightful
llāhu sirrahū may God hallow his secret! ‫ مَسرور‬masrūr glad, happy, delighted (‫ب‬
at), pleased (‫ ب‬with)
‫ مَسر‬musirr gratifying, delightful, ‫ سربال‬sirbāl pl. ‫ سرابيل‬sarābīl2 shirt; coat
pleasant of mail; garment
‫ مَستسر‬mustasarr place of concealment ‫ مَتسربل‬mutasarbil: ‫ مَتسربل بالشباب‬blessed
with youthfulness, evincing youthful
‫ سرادق‬surādiq pl. -āt large tent, canopy,
freshness
pavilion
1
‫ سرج‬saraja to braid, plait (.‫ هـ‬the hair) II do.;
‫ سراط‬sirāṭ = ‫ صراط‬ṣirāṭ way, path, road
to baste, tack (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to saddle, (‫ هـ‬an
‫ سراى‬sarāy palace animal) IV do.; to light (‫ السراج‬the lamp)
‫ سراية‬sarāya pl. -āt palace │ ‫السراية‬ ‫ سرج‬sarj pl. ‫ سروج‬surūj; saddle
‫( الصفراء‬ṣafrā’) insane asylum (eg.)
‫ سراج‬sirāj pl. ‫ سرج‬suruj lamp, light │O
1
‫ سرب‬sariba a (sarab) to flow; to run out, leak ‫ سراج الحركة‬s. al-ḥaraka traffic light; ‫سراج‬
II to send in groups or batches (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., ‫ الليل‬s. al-lail firefly, glowworm
s.th., ‫ الى‬to) V to flow; to run out, flow off,
‫ سراجة‬sirāja saddlery, saddler’s trade;
escape; to sneak away, slink away, steal
glanders
away; to stream, penetrate (‫ الى‬into),
infiltrate (‫ الى‬s.th.); to creep (‫ في‬into); to ‫ سراج‬sarrāj saddler
sneak, slip, steal (‫ الى‬into, among); to ‫ سروجي‬surūjī saddler
creep along, flow along, glide along; to
seep through, leak out (‫ الى‬to, of a report); ‫ سروجية‬surūjīya saddlery, saddler’s
to spread, circulate, be passed around trade
(news) VII to hide, crawl into its lair ‫ اسروجة‬usrūja lie, falsehood
(animal)
‫ مَسرجة‬masraja pl. ‫ مَسارج‬masārij2 lamp;
‫ سرب‬sirb pl. ‫ اسراب‬asrāb herd, flock, lampstand
bevy, covey, swarm; squadron, group, 2
wing, formation, flight (of aircraft); heart, ‫سيرج‬look up alphabetically
mind │‫( سرب مَن النحل‬nahl) swarm of bees; 3
‫ سرجين‬sirjīn dung, manure
‫ هادئ السرب‬calm, composed, confident
‫ سرح‬saraḥa a (‫ سروح‬surūḥ) to move away, go
‫ سرب‬sarab pl. ‫ اسراب‬asrāb burrow, away, leave; to roam freely; to graze
hole, den, lair (of an animal); underground freely (cattle); to be distracted (mind); --
passage; tunnel, conduit 405 sariḥa a to proceed freely, at will, without
‫ سربة‬surba pl. ‫ سرب‬surab herd, flock, restraint │ ‫( سرح ومَرح‬mariḥa) to do as one
bevy, covey, swarm likes II to send (‫ هـ‬cattle) to pasture; to
send, dispatch (‫ ه‬s.o.); to let go (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
‫ سراب‬sarāb mirage, fata morgana; dismiss (‫ ها‬a woman by divorce); to grant
phantom; sewage (‫ ه‬s.o.) leave, dismiss (‫ ه‬s.o.); to release
‫ مَسرب‬masrab pl. ‫ مَسارب‬masārib2 from an office, discharge, fire (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
course (taken by s.th.); river bed; drain, release, set free (‫ ه‬s.o.); to let (‫ هـ‬the eyes)
sewer wander; to demobilize, disband (‫ هـ‬an
army); to dispel s.o.’s (‫ )عن‬worries (also
‫ سارب‬sārib conspicuous, visible ‫ ;)سرح غمومَه‬to comb (‫ هـ‬the hair) │ ‫سرح‬
‫ ساربة‬sāriba pl. ‫ سوارب‬sawārib2 reptile ‫( شعره‬ša‘rahū) to comb one’s hair, do
2 one’s hair; ‫( سرح نظره‬naẓarahū) to set
‫ اسرب‬look up alphabetically
one’s eyes on (‫ )الى‬VII ‫انسرح يفكر‬
‫ سربل‬sarbala to clothe (‫ ه‬s.o.) with a sirbāl (yufakkiru) to be deep in thought, be
(q.v.); to clothe, dress (‫ ب ه‬s.o. in or with); absent-minded, allow one’s thoughts to
to cover, wrap (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with) II wander
tasarbala to put on a sirbāl (q.v.); to put
‫ سراح‬sarāh dismissal (of a woman by
on, wear (‫ هـ‬a garment); to be clothed,
divorce); release │‫ اطلق سرح‬aṭlaqa
clad, garbed (‫ ب‬in, also fig.); to wrap o.s. (
sarāḥahū to release s.o., set s.o. free, set
‫ ب‬in); to dress up (‫ ب‬in)
s.o. at liberty; ‫ اطلق سراحه‬iṭlāq s. his
release; ‫ مَطلق السراح‬muṭlaq as-s. free, at ‫ سردوك‬sardūk pl. ‫ سراديك‬sarādīk2 rooster, cock
large (magr.)
‫ سريح‬sarīḥ and ‫ بائع سارح‬hawker, peddler ‫ سردين‬sardīn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬sardines
‫ سرحان‬sirḥān wolf ‫ سراس‬sirās and ‫ سيراس‬see ‫سيراس‬
(alphabetically)
‫ مَسرح‬masraḥ pl. ‫ مَسارح‬masāriḥ2
pasture; stage, theater; scene │ ‫مَسرح التمثيل‬ ‫ سرسام‬sirsām a cerebral disease
theater 1
‫ سرط‬sariṭa a (saraṭ, ‫ سرطان‬saraṭān) and
‫ مَسرحي‬masraḥī dramatic, theatrical, saraṭa u i to swallow, gulp (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V and
stage (adj.) VIII do.
‫ مَسرحية‬masraḥīya pl. -āt (stage) play ‫ سرطان‬saraṭān pl. -āt crayfish; cancer
(med.); Cancer (astron.) │ ‫سرطان بحري‬
‫ تسريح‬tasrīḥ dismissal; discharge;
(baḥrī) lobster
release; demobilization; (pl. ‫تساريح‬
tasārīḥ2) permission, authorization 2
‫ سراط‬sirāṭ = ‫صراط‬
‫ تسريحة‬tasrīḥa pl. -āt hairdo, coiffure ‫ سرع‬saru‘a u (sirā‘, sarā‘, ‫ سرعة‬sur‘a)
to be quick, fast, prompt, rapid; to hurry II
‫ سارح‬sāriḥ: ‫ سارح مَارح‬grazing freely,
to urge (‫ ه‬s.o.) to hurry; to urge on (‫ هـ‬an
roaming freely; free and unrestrained; ‫سار‬
animal); to speed up, accelerate, expedite (
‫ ح الفكر‬sāriḥ al-fikr distracted,
‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to hurry, hasten, rush, run, dash
absentminded 406
(‫ الى‬to); to make a beeline (‫ الى‬for); to
‫ مَنسرح‬munsariḥ: ‫ المنسرح‬name of a hurry (‫ في‬in, with), hasten (j to do s.th.),
poetic meter │‫ مَنسرح الفكر‬m. al-fikr do in a hurry (‫ في‬s.th.); to rush, plunge
distracted, absent-minded with undue haste (‫ في‬into) IV to be quick,
‫ ساروخ‬sārūk pl. ‫ سواريخ‬sawārīk2 rocket fast, prompt, rapid; to hurry, hasten, rush,
run, dash (‫ الى‬to); to hurry (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬with.
‫ سرد‬sarada u (sard) to pierce, perforate (‫هـ‬ in), hasten (‫ ب‬or j to do s.th.), do in a
s.th.); to carry on, continue (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a hurry (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬s.th.); to accelerate, speed
conversation); to tell off one after another, up, expedite (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to hurry, hasten,
enumerate (‫ هـ‬facts, events); to present, rush, run, dash (‫ الى‬to); to hurry (‫ ب‬or j
quote, detail, set forth neatly (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to with, in), hasten (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬to do s.th.), do in
pierce, perforate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) a hurry (‫ ب‬or j s.th.); to be hasty, be rash (
‫ سرد‬sard enumeration; mentioning, ‫ ب‬or j in) VI to hurry, hasten, rush, run,
quoting; neat, detailed presentation; dash (‫ الى‬to)
recital, presentation, rendition (of an ‫ سرع‬sur‘, sir‘ pl. ‫ اسراع‬asrā‘ reins
account, of a narrative, etc.); coherent,
logical ‫ سرع‬sur‘a speed, velocity, pace;
fastness, rapidity, quickness, promptness;
‫ سريدة‬sarīda: ‫ سريدة المولد‬s. al-maulid hurry, haste │‫ سرعة الخاطر‬presence of
discourse dealing with the birth of the mind; ‫ سرعة التصديق‬credulity
Prophet (during celebration of
Mohammed’s birthday; tun.) ‫ سرعان مَا‬sar‘āna, sir‘āna, sur‘āna ma
(with foll. verb) how quickly ...!; soon,
O ‫ مَسرد‬masrad index (of a book) before long, presently, in no time
‫ سرداب‬sirdāb pl. ‫ سرادب‬sarādib2, ‫سراديب‬ ‫ سريع‬sarī‘ pl. ‫ سرعان‬sur‘ān, ‫ سراع‬sirā‘
sarādīb2 subterranean vault, cellar; fast, quick, prompt, rapid, speedy,
basement, basement flat expeditious, swift, nimble; ‫ السريع‬name of
‫ سردار‬sirdār (formerly Eg.) supreme a poetic meter; express train; ‫ سريعا‬sarī‘an
commander; commanding general fast, quickly, rapidly, speedily, promptly │
‫ سريع التأثر‬s. at-ta’attur easy to impress,
‫ سرادق‬look up alphabetically easily affected, sensitive; ‫سريع الخاطر‬
quick-witted; O ‫ سريع التردد‬s. at-taraddud
high-frequency (el.); ‫ سريع الزوال‬s. az-
zawal ephemeral, fleeting, transient; ‫سريع‬ ‫ مَسروقات‬masrūqāt stolen goods
‫ التصديق‬credulous; (‫ سريع الطلق )الطلقات‬s. al- ‫ مَنسرق‬musariq: ‫ مَنسرق القوة‬m. al-qūwa
ṭalq quick-firing, rapid-fire; ‫ سريع العطب‬s. debilitated, exhausted
al-‘aṭab fragile; ‫ سريع التنقل‬s. at-tanaqqul
mobile, maneuverable, easily manageable ‫ سرقسطة‬sarqusṭa2 Zaragoza (city in NE Spain)
407 ‫ سرقين‬sirqīn dung, manure
2
‫ اسرع‬asra’ faster, quicker, more rapid 1
‫( سرك‬Fr. cirque) sirke circus
│‫ مَا اسرع ان رايته‬mā asra‘a an ra’aituhū 2
before long I saw him, it did not take very ‫(سركي‬Turk. sergi) sarkī (com.) bill of
long before I saw him exchange payable to the bearer
‫ سراعا‬sirā‘an quickly, in a hurry ‫ سرم‬surm pl. asrām anus
‫ اسراع‬isrā‘ acceleration, speed-up; ‫ سرم‬sarmad endless duration, eternity
hurry ‫ سرمَدي‬sarmadī eternal, without
‫ تسرع‬tasarru‘ hurry, haste; hastiness, beginning or end
rashness precipitance ‫ سرنديب‬sarandīb2 Ceylon
‫ مَتسرع‬mutasarri‘ quick, fast, prompt, 1
‫سرو‬sarw (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬evergreen cypress
rapid; hasty, rash, precipitate (Cupressus sempervirens L.; bot.)
‫ سرعسكر‬see ‫سر‬ 2
‫سرو‬II (‫ عن قلبه‬or) ‫ سرى عنه‬to rid s.o. of
‫ سرف‬IV to exceed all bounds, be worries, and the like, dispel s.o.’s worries
immoderate, be extravagant (‫ في‬in, at) (also ‫ هـ‬worries); pass. ‫ سري عنه‬and ‫سرى‬
exaggerate, overdo (‫ في‬s.th.); to waste, ‫( عن نفسه‬suriya) to leave s.o. (grief, sorrow,
squander, dissipate, spend lavishly (‫ في‬,‫هـ‬ fear, and the like); to regain one’s
s.th., esp. money) composure, reel at peace again (after
anger, fear or excitement); his anxiety or
‫ سرف‬saraf and ‫ اسراف‬isrāf unrest left him; he found relaxation; he
intemperance, immoderateness, was cheered up, his spirits were raised VII
exaggeration; waste, dissipation, ‫( انسرى عنه = سري عنه‬surriya)
extravagance, prodigality
‫ سري‬sarīy pl. ‫ سرواء‬surawā’2, ‫اسرياء‬
‫ مَسرف‬musrif immoderate, intemperate, asriyā’2, ‫ سراة‬sarāh high-ranking, high;
excessive; extravagant, wasteful, prodigal high-minded, noble; distinguished
‫ سرق‬saraqa i (saraq, sariq, ‫سرقة‬ personality, notable; pl. ‫ سراة‬elite, leading
saraqa, sariqa, ‫ سرقان‬sarqān) to steal, class, the upper crust; see 1‫سرى‬
pilfer, filch (‫ مَن هـ‬or ‫ ه هـ‬from s.o. s.th.); to ‫ سراة‬sarāh pl. ‫ سرروات‬sarawāt hill;
rob (‫ مَن هـ‬or ‫ ه هـ‬s.o. of s.th.) II to accuse back; chief, head; see also ‫ سرى‬sarīy │‫سرو‬
of theft, call a thief (‫ ه‬s.o.) III ‫سارق النظر اليه‬ ‫ ات القوم‬s. al-qaum the leaden of the people
(naẓara) or ‫ سارقه النظر‬to steal a glance at
s.o., glance furtively at s.o.; ‫سارق النوم‬ ‫ تسرية‬tasriya pl. -āt diversion,
(nauma) to take a short nap VII pass. of I amusement, pastime
VIII to steal, filch, pilfer (‫ هـ مَن‬s.th. from َ‫ سرول‬sirwāl, ‫ سراويل‬sirwāl pl. ‫ سراويل‬sarāwīl2
s.o.); to steal (‫ الى‬into) │‫استرق السمع‬ trousers, pants; drawers; panties 408
(sam‘a) to eavesdrop; to monitor (radio, 1
telephone, etc.); ‫استرق النظر اليه = سارق النظر‬ ‫ سرى‬sarā i (‫ سرى‬suran, ‫ سريان‬sarayān, ‫مَسرى‬
‫ اليه; استرق النفاس‬to gasp, pant masran) to travel by night; to set out,
depart by night; to circulate; to flow
‫ سرقة‬sariqa stealing, filching, pilfering; (electric current); to emanate, go out (‫مَن‬
robbery; (pl. -āt) theft, larceny from); to spread; to be valid, have validity,
‫ سراق‬sarrāq thief be effective, be in, or come into, force (
‫ على‬for). have or take effect (‫ على‬on); to
‫ سارق‬sāriq pl. -ūn, ‫ سرقة‬saraqa, ‫سراق‬ apply. be applicable (‫ على‬to); to penetrate (
surrāq, f. ‫ سارقة‬sāriqa pl. ‫ سوارق‬sawāriq ‫ في‬s.th.), enter deeply (‫ في‬into); to pervade
thief
(‫ الى نفسه‬s.o.’s soul, of a feeling) │‫سرى سراه‬ spread out, spread, unfold, unroll (‫هـ‬
(surāhu) to traverse one’s nightly course; s.th.) ;: to level, even, plane, flatten, make
‫( سرى مَفعوله‬maf‘ūluhū) to be valid, be smooth (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be spread out, be
effective, be in force IV to travel by night; unfolded; to be leveled, be evened; to lie
to make (‫ ب‬s.o.) travel by night V ‫تسرى‬ down on one’s back VII to be spread out.
see 2‫ سر‬sarra V be unfolded; to lie flat on one’s back, be
supine
‫ سرى‬sarīy pl. ‫ اسرية‬asriya, ‫ سريان‬suryān
little creek, brook; see also under 2‫سرو‬ ‫ سطح‬saṭḥ pl. ‫ سطوح‬suṭūḥ surface (also
geom.); plane (geom.); (pl. also ‫اسطحة‬
‫ سرية‬sariya pl. ‫ سرايا‬sarāyā (military)
asṭiḥa, ‫ اسطح‬asṭuḥ) (flat) roof, terrace;
detachment, flying column, raiding party;
deck (of a ship); ‫ سطوح‬suṭūḥ (eg., syr.)
company (mil.) │‫( سرية خيالة‬kayyāla)
roof terrace │ ‫ سطح البحر‬s. al-baḥr sea
cavalry squadron; ‫ سرية الطائرات‬squadron
level; ‫ سطح مَائل‬inclined plane
of aircraft
‫ سطحي‬saṭḥī external, outer, outward,
‫ سريان‬sarayān spread, diffusion;
outside, exterior; flat; superficial; ‫سطحيات‬
validity, effectiveness, coming into force
saṭḥīyāt externals, superficialities
‫ مَسرى‬masran: ‫ مَسرى مَحمد‬masrā
‫ سطحية‬satḥīya flatness; superficiality
muḥammad the point of departure for
Mohammed’s midnight journey to the ‫ سطيح‬saṭīḥ flat, spread out, stretched
seven heavens, i.e., Jerusalem out, supine
‫ اسراء‬isrā’ nocturnal journey; ‫الَسراء‬ ‫ مَسطاح‬misṭāḥ threshing floor
Mohammed’s midnight journey to the ‫ مَسطح‬musaṭṭaḥ even, level, flat; (pl.
seven heavens -āt) surface │‫( قدم مَسطحة‬qadam) flat foot
‫ سار‬sārin pl. ‫ سراة‬surāh traveling by 1
‫ سطر‬saṭara u (saṭr) and II to rule (‫هـ‬
night; night reveler, night hawk; s.th.), draw lines (‫ هـ‬on a sheet of paper);
contagious (disease); in force, effective, to write, jot down, record (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
valid │‫ سارى المفعول‬in force, effective, draw up, compose (‫ هـ‬s.th.) 409
valid
‫ سطر‬saṭr, saṭar pl. ‫ سطور‬suṭūr, ‫اسطر‬
‫ سارية‬sāriya a mood or atmosphere asṭur, ‫ اسطار‬asṭār line; row
which prevails in, or pervades, a room
(e.g., ‫ سارية مَن الجهامَة‬an all-pervading ‫ ساطور‬sāṭūr pl. ‫ سواطير‬sawāṭīr2 cleaver
gloom); -- (pl. -āt, ‫ سوار‬sawārin) column; ‫ اسطورة‬usṭūra pl. ‫ اساطير‬asāṭīr2 fable,
shipmast legend, saga, myth; fabulous story, yarn
2
‫ سراى‬and ‫ سراية‬look up alphabetically ‫ اسطورى‬usṭūrī mythical, legendary,
3
‫ سريان‬suryān Syrians (coll.) members of the fabulous
East Syrian Church ‫ مَسطرة‬misṭara pl. ‫ مَساطر‬masāṭir2 ruler;
‫ سرياني‬suryānī Syriac, Syrian; a underlines, guideline sheet; see also
member of the East Syrian Church alphabetically │O ‫ مَسطرة الحساب‬slide rule
‫ سرياوران‬saryāwarān (formerly) adjutant ‫ مَسطار‬misṭār trowel
general ‫ مَسطرين‬masṭarīn (eg.) trowel
‫ سيسبان‬look up alphabetically ‫ تسطير‬tasṭīr writing down, recording
1
‫ اسطبة‬look up alphabetically ‫ مَسطر‬musaṭṭar piece of writing, paper,
2
‫ مَسطبة‬masṭaba, misṭaba pl. ‫ مَساطب‬masāṭib 2 document
stone bench (against a wall); mastaba 2
‫ سيطر‬and derivatives look up alphabetically
‫ سطح‬saṭaḥa u (saṭḥ) to spread out, spread, ‫ سطع‬saṭa‘a a (saṭ‘, ‫ سطوع‬suṭū‘) to rise; to
unfold, unroll (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to level, even, spread (dust, fragrance); to shine, be
plane, flatten, make smooth (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
throw to the ground, fell (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to
brilliant, be radiant; to be or become ‫ الهيئة السعدية‬al-hai’a as-sa‘dīya the
manifest, obvious, plain, clear Saadist union (formerly a political
movement in Egypt); ‫ السعديون‬as-sa‘dīyūn
‫ سطع‬saṭ‘ brilliance, radiance, glow;
the Saadists, the followers of Saad
brightness, luminosity
Zaghlūl (1856-1927)
‫ سطع‬saṭa‘ thump, thud, plump
‫ سعد‬su‘d Cyperus (bot.)
‫ سطوع‬suṭū‘ brilliance, radiance, glow;
‫ سعيد‬sa‘īd pl. ‫ سعداء‬su‘adā’ happy (‫ب‬
brightness, luminosity
about, at); radiant, blissful; lucky,
‫ اسطع‬asṭa‘ more brilliant, brighter; auspicious; felicitous │ ‫ سعيد الذكر‬s. ad-
clearer, more obvious dikr of blessed memory, the late ...
‫ ساطع‬sāṭi‘ pl. ‫ سواطع‬sawāṭi‘2 radiant, ‫ سعادة‬sa‘āda happiness; bliss, felicity;
brilliant, shining, luminous, bright; good fortune, success, prosperity, welfare;
manifest, obvious, clear, plain, patent, title of a pasha; sa‘ādat … (with foll.
evident (proof) name) title of high officials (syr., 410
‫ سطل‬saṭala u (saṭl) to intoxicate (s.o.) VII to Leb.) │‫ سعادتكم‬Your Grace (form of
become or be intoxicated address to a pasha); ‫ صاحب السعادة‬title of a
pasha; ‫“ دار السعادة‬House of Bliss”, ancient
‫ سطل‬saṭl pl. ‫ اسطال‬asṭāl, ‫ سطول‬suṯūl name of Istanbul
bucket, pail (of wood or metal)
2
‫ سعودي‬sa‘ūdī Saudi │ ‫المملكة العربية‬
‫ اسطول‬look up alphabetically ‫( السعودية‬mamlaka) Saudi Arabia
‫ سطام‬sitām plug, stopper ‫ سعدان‬sa‘dān pl. ‫ سعادين‬sa‘ādīn2 ape
(‫ سطو )سطو‬saṭā u (saṭw, ‫ سطو‬saṭwa) to rush, ‫ سعدانة‬sa‘dāna pl. -āt nipple, teat │‫سعدانة‬
pounce, jump (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬upon), assail, ‫ الباب‬doorknob
attack (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬s.o.); to burglarize (‫على‬
place), break into a place (‫)على‬ ‫ اسعد‬as‘ad2 happier, luckier

‫ سطو‬saṭw attack, assault; burglary, ‫ مَساعدة‬musā‘ada pl. -āt support,


housebreaking backing, aid, help, assistance;
encouragement, promotion
‫ سطوة‬saṭwa pl. saṭawāt attack, assault;
influence, authority; presumption, ‫ ساعد‬sā‘id pl. ‫ سواعد‬sawā‘id2 forearm │
cockiness, pride, power, strength ‫( هو ساعده اليمن‬aiman) he is his right hand,
he is indispensable to him; ‫اشتد ساعده‬
‫ اسطوانة‬look up alphabetically ištadda sā‘iduhū to become strong,
‫ سعة‬sa‘a see ‫وسع‬ powerful; ‫( فت في ساعده‬fatta) to weaken s.o.
‫ سعتر‬sa‘tar (= ‫ )صعتر‬wild thyme ‫ ساعدة‬sā‘ida pl. ‫ سواعد‬sawā’id2 tributary
(Thymus serpyllum; bot.) ‫ مَسعود‬mas‘ūd pl. ‫ مَساعيد‬masā‘īd2 happy,
‫ سعد‬sa‘ida a and pass. su‘ida (sa‘d, ‫سعادة‬ lucky, fortunate
sa‘āda) to be happy, lucky, fortunate; ‫ مَساعد‬musā‘id helper, help, aide;
pass. ‫( سعد ب‬su‘ida) to have the good assistant (adj. end n.); adjutant
fortune of receiving or sharing s.th. III to
help, aid, assist (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ في‬or ‫ على‬in, with), ‫ مَسعد‬mas‘ad favored by fortune,
give s.o. (‫ )ه‬a hand (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬in); to fortunate, lucky
support, back (‫ في‬or ‫ على ه‬s.o. in); to ‫ سعر‬sa‘ara (sa‘r) to kindle, start (‫ هـ‬a
contribute, be conducive (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬,‫ ل‬to); fire, a war); pass. su‘ira to flare up, run
to favor, encourage (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬s.th.) IV to mad II to kindle, start (‫ هـ‬a fire, a war); to
make happy (‫ ه‬s.o); to help (‫ ه‬s.o) │ ‫اسعد‬ price (‫ هـ‬s.th.), set a price (‫ هـ‬on s.th.); to
(‫ الحظ ب )الحظ‬he had the good fortune to ... quote on the stock market III to bargain,
‫ سعد‬sa‘d pl. ‫ سعود‬su‘ūd good luck, good haggle over the price (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to
fortune kindle, light, start (‫ هـ‬fire) V to bum,
blaze; to flare up (anger) VII to become
mad, furious VIII to burn, flare, blaze; to ‫ سعال‬su‘āl cough │ ‫( السعال الديكي‬dīkī)
break out (fighting) whooping cough 411
‫ سعر‬si‘r pl. ‫ اسعار‬as‘ār price; rate; ‫ سعلى‬si‘lā pl. ‫ سعليات‬si‘layāt female
exchange rate, quotation (stock market) │ demon
‫سعر الخصم‬s. al-kaṣm discount rate, bank ‫ سعلاة‬si‘lāh pl. ‫ سعال‬sa‘ālin female
rate; ‫ سعر التسليف‬rate of interest; ‫سعر الفائدة‬ demon
rate of interest; ‫ سعر القطع‬s. al-qaṭ‘
discount rate, bank rate; ‫ سعر القطعة‬s. al- ‫ ابو سعن‬abū su‘n marabou (zool.)
qiṭ‘a price by the piece ‫ سعى‬sa‘ā a (sa‘y) to move quickly, run, speed;
‫ سعر‬su‘r madness; frenzy; voracity to move across the sky (moon); to head,
be headed (‫ الى‬for), proceed (‫ الى‬to or
‫ سعر‬su‘ur madness frenzy toward); to strive (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬for), aspire (‫ل‬
‫ سعار‬su‘ār voracity or ‫ الى‬to); to work (‫ ل‬,‫ الى‬or ‫ وراء‬for),
endeavor, attempt, make an effort (‫ وراء‬or
‫ سعير‬sa‘īr pl. ‫ سعر‬su’ur blazing flame,
‫ ل‬,‫ الى‬to get or achieve s.th.); to run after
fire; blaze; bell, inferno
s.th. (‫)وراء‬, pursue, chase (‫ وراء‬s.th.); to
‫ مَسعر‬mis‘ar pl. ‫ مَساعر‬masā‘ir2 poker, take stops (‫ في‬in a matter) │ ‫ سعى به الى‬to
fire iron lead s.o. or s.th. to ... ; ‫سعى في الرض فسادا‬
‫ مَسعار‬mis‘ār pl. ‫ مَساعير‬masā‘īr2 poker, (fī l-arḍi fasādan) to spread evil, cause
fire iron universal harm and damage; ‫سعى لحتفه بظلفه‬
(li-ḥatfihī bi-ẓifihī) to bring about one’s
‫ تسعير‬tas‘īr pricing, price fixing own destruction, dig one’s own grave; ‫سعى‬
‫ تسعيرة‬tas‘īra pricing, price fixing │ ‫لجنة‬ ‫( في خراب الشيء‬karābi š-š.) to work at the
‫ التسعيرة‬lajnat at-t. pricing, price-fixing ruin of s.th., undermine s.th.; -- sa‘ā a (
commission ‫ سعى‬sa‘y, ‫ سعاية‬si‘āya) to slander (‫ ب‬s.o.,
‫ عند‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o), discredit (‫ عند‬or ‫ الى ب‬s.o
‫ تسعرة‬tas‘ira quotation (stock exchange) with) VI to run about in confusion
‫ مَسعور‬mas‘ūr mad, crazy ‫ سعى‬sa‘y run, course; ‫ السعى‬the
‫ سعط‬VIII to snuff (‫ هـ‬tobacco) ceremony of running seven times between
ṣafā and Marwa (performed during the
‫ سعوط‬sa‘ūṭ snuff
Pilgrimage); effort, endeavor; livestock
‫ مَسعط‬mis‘aṭ snuffbox
‫ سعاية‬si‘āya slander, calumniation
‫ سعف‬III to help, aid, support (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
‫ مَسعى‬mas‘ān pl. ‫ مَساع‬masā‘in effort,
comply with s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬wishes (‫ ب‬for),
endeavor
humor (‫ ب ه‬s.o. in), grant (‫ ب ه‬s.o. s.th.); to
help, aid, assist (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ ساع‬sā‘in pl. –ūn, ‫ سعاة‬su‘āh messenger;
office boy, delivery boy; slanderer,
‫ سعف‬sa‘af (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt palm
calumniator │ ‫ ساعى البريد‬postman,
leaves │ ‫ احد السعف‬aḥad as-s. Palm Sunday
mailman
(Chr.)
‫ سغب‬sagiba (sagab) to hunger (‫ ل‬for), be or
‫ اسعاف‬is‘āf pl. -āt aid, relief, help,
become hungry
assistance; medical service; ‫ الَسعاف‬first-
aid │ ‫ اسعاف العجزة‬i. al-‘ajaza care for the ‫ سغب‬sagab hunger, starvation
aged; ‫ جمعية الَسعاف‬jam‘īyat al-i. approx.: ‫ سغابة‬sagāba hunger, starvation
civil ambulance service; ‫ رجال السعاف‬first-
aid men, ambulance men; medical ‫ مَسغبة‬masgaba famine
orderlies, hospital corpsmen; ‫سيارة السعاف‬ ‫ ساغب‬sāgib hungry, starving
sayyārat al-i. ambulance
‫ سف‬IV to descend, link, slip, decline (fig.); to
‫ سعل‬sa‘ala a (‫ سعل‬su‘la, ‫ سعل‬su‘al) to cough stoop (‫ الى‬to, fig.) │ ‫( اسف النظر اليه‬naẓara)
‫ سعلة‬su‘la cough to give s.o. a sharp look VIII to eat,
swallow (‫ هـ‬s.th. dry, e.g., a medicinal ‫ سفير‬safīr pl. ‫ سفراء‬sufarā’ mediator
powder) (between contending parties); ambassador
(dipl.)
‫ سفوف‬safūf medicinal powder
‫ سفور‬sufūr uncovering of the face (of a
‫ اسفاف‬isfāf decline (fig.); triviality
veiled woman); unveiling
‫ سفتجة‬suftaja pl. safātij2 bill of exchange (com.)
‫ سفارة‬sifāra office or function of a
‫ سفح‬safaḥa a (safḥ, ‫ سفوح‬sufūḥ) to pour out, mediator, mediation; embassy (dipl.)
spill, shed (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ill to whore, fornicate (
‫ مَسافر‬masāfir2 (pl.) part of the face not
‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to whore, fornicate
covered by the veil
‫ سفح‬safḥ pl. ‫ سفوح‬sufūḥ foot (of a
‫ سافر‬sāfir unveiled, wearing no veil;
mountain); pl. ‫ سفوح‬flat, rocky surface
barefaced, conspicuous, obvious; (pl. ‫سفرة‬
‫ سفاح‬saffāḥ shedder of blood, killer, safara) scribe
murderer
‫ مَسافر‬musāfir pl. -ūn traveler;
‫ سفاح‬sifāḥ fornication passenger; visiting stranger; guest
‫ سفد‬safida a and safada i (‫ سفاد‬sifād) to cover, ‫ سفرجل‬safarjal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ سفارج‬quince
mount (‫ على‬or ‫ ها‬the female); to cohabit (‫ها‬ (Cydonia; bot.)
with a woman) II to put on a skewer (‫هـ‬
‫ سفسطة‬safsaṭa sophistry; pl. ‫ سفسطات‬sophistries,
meat) ill to cover, mount (‫ ها‬the female);
casuistic arguments │‫ اهل السفسطة‬ahl as-s.
to rohabit (‫ ها‬with a woman)
the Sophists
‫ سفود‬saffūd pl. ‫ سفافيد‬safāfīd2 skewer, spit
‫ سفسطي‬safsaṭī sophistic; Sophist
‫ سفر‬safara i (‫ سفور‬sufūr) to remove the veil (‫عن‬
‫ سفسة‬safsafa pl. ‫ سفاسف‬safāsif2 silly talk,
‫‘ وجهها‬an wajhihā from her face), unveil
nonsense; poor, inferior stuff
o.s.; -- safara i (safr) to shine, glow
(aurora) II to unveil, uncover, disclose (‫هـ‬ ‫ سفساف‬safsāf pl. ‫ سفاسف‬safāsif2 silly,
s.th.); to send on a journey, compel to inane, trivial; poor, inferior │ ‫سفساف المَور‬
leave, send away (‫ ه‬s.o); to dispatch, send poor, inferior stuff
off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to embark, put on board (‫ه‬ ‫ سفط‬safaṭ pl. ‫ اسفاط‬asfāt basket; scales (of fish)
passengers) III to travel, maim a trip; to
leave, depart, go on a journey IV to shine, ‫ سفع‬safa‘a a (saf‘) to scorch, parch, burn (‫ه‬
glow (aurora, s.o.’s face, etc.); to disclose, s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.o.’s skin; esp. of a hot wind); to
unveil, uncover (‫ عن‬s.th.); to yield, flap the wings, flutter (bird); to strike, hit (
achieve, bring (‫ عن‬s.th.); to end (‫ عن‬with, ‫ ه‬s.o. with the hand), slap (‫ ه‬s.o.); to lash (‫ه‬
in), result (‫ عن‬in) VII to rise, disappear s.th., e.g., of a storm)
(dust, clouds) ‫ سفع‬saf‘ burned spot
‫ السفر‬as-sifr the travelers, the ‫ سفعة‬suf‘a pl. ‫ سفع‬sufa‘ black stain; dark
passengers spot, brown discoloration
‫ سفر‬sifr pl. ‫ اسفار‬asfār book (esp. one of ‫ اسفع‬asfa‘, f. ‫ سفعاء‬saf‘ā’2 dark-brown
the Scriptures) 412
‫ سفق‬safaqa u (safq) to shut, bang, slam (‫ هـ‬the
‫ سفر‬safar departure; (pl. ‫ اسفار‬asfār) door)
journey, travel, trip, tour
‫ سفك‬safaka i (safk) to shed (‫ هـ‬blood) VI to
‫ سفرة‬safra pl. ‫ سفرات‬safarāt journey, murder each other VII to be shed, flow
travel, trip, tour (blood)
‫ سفرية‬safarīya pl. -āt journey, travel, ‫ سفك‬safk: ‫ سفك الدمَاء‬s. ad-dimā’ blood-
trip, tour; departure shed
‫ سفرة‬sufra pl. ‫ سفر‬sufar dining table ‫ سفاك‬saffāk shedder of blood; blood-
‫ سفرجي‬sufragī (eg.) pl. ‫ سفرجية‬sufragīya shedding
waiter, steward
‫ سفل‬safala u (‫ سفول‬sufūl, ‫ سفال‬safāl) and safila inferior (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫سفه نفسه‬to make a fool
a to be low; to be below s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬-- of o.s.; ‫( سفه وجهه‬wajhahū) to expose s.o.,
safala u to turn downward; -- safula u (‫سفال‬ show s.o. up, make a fool of s.o., bring
‫ ة‬safāla) and safala u (safl) to be low, s.o. in discredit, disgrace s.o., dishonor
base, despicable V to abase o.s., sink low, s.o. VI to pretend to be stupid or foolish
go from bad to worse; to act in a base ‫ سفه‬safah foolishness, stupidity,
manner silliness; impudence, shamelessness,
‫ سفل‬sufl lowest part of s.th., bottom insolence
‫ سفلى‬suflī lower, at the bottom; low ‫ سفيه‬safīh pl. ‫ سفهاء‬sufahā’2, ‫ سفاه‬sifāh
foolish, stupid, silly; fool; an incompetent
‫ سفلة‬sifla: ‫ سفلة الناس‬s. an-nās lowly
(Isl. Law); impudent, shameless, insolent;
people, riffraff
insolent fellow
‫ سفالة‬safāla lowness; lowliness;
‫ سفاهة‬safāha foolishness, stupidity,
baseness, ignominy, despicableness
silliness; impudence, shamelessness,
‫ سفالة‬safāla lowest part insolence
‫ اسفل‬asfal2, f. ‫ سفلى‬suflā, pl. ‫ اسافل‬asāfil2 ‫ سفى‬safā i (safy) to raise and scatter (‫ هـ‬the
lower; lowest; lower or lowest part, dust; said of the wind) IV do.
bottom; ‫ اسفل‬asfala (prep.) under,
‫ سافياء‬sāfiyā’2 dust
underneath, below │ ‫( الرض السفلى‬arḍ) the
nether world; ‫ رده اسفل سافلين‬raddahū ‫ مَسفى‬masfan s.th. whirled up; play-
asfala sāfilīn to reduce s.o. to the lowest thing, sport (fig.)
level or status ‫ سفين‬safīn wedge
‫ سافل‬sāfil pl. ‫ سفلة‬safala low; lowly; ‫ سقارة‬sigāra = ‫ سجارة‬cigarette
base, mean, despicable 413
‫( سقالة‬It. scala) saqāla scaffold
‫ سفلت‬saflata to cover with asphalt, to asphalt
‫ سقر‬saqar2 f. hell
‫ اسفلت‬asfalt asphalt
‫ سقراط‬suqrāṭ2 Socrates
‫ سفلقة‬saflaqa sponging
‫ سقسقة‬saqsaqa chirping, cheeping, peeping
‫ سفلاق‬siflāq sponger (e.g., of sparrows)
1
‫ سفن‬safan coarse hide used for polishing; ‫ سقط‬saqaṭa u (‫ سقوط‬suqūṭ, ‫ مَسقط‬masqaṭ) to fall
emery paper, sandpaper (also = to be killed in action); to fall
2
‫ سفين‬safīn ships (coll.); ship; see also down, drop; to tumble, trip, slip; to fall
alphabetically out (hair); to sink down (‫ على‬on, to); to hit,
stumble (‫ على‬upon), come across s.th. (
‫ سفينة‬safīna pl. ‫ سفن‬sufun, ‫ سفائن‬safā’i2
‫ ;)على‬to find (‫ على‬s.th.); to get, come (‫ الى‬to
ship, vessel, boat; ‫ السفينة‬Argo (astron.) │‫سف‬
s.o.), reach (‫ الى‬s.o.); to decline, sink, drop
‫( ينة مَدفعية‬midfa‘īya) gunboat; ‫سفينة تعليم‬
(standard); to become null and void, be
and ‫ سفينة التدريس‬training ship
abolished, be canceled; to be dropped, be
‫ سفان‬saffān shipbuilder, shipwright omitted, drop out; to be missing; to escape
‫ سفانة‬sifāna (art or trade of) (‫ مَن‬s.o.), slip (‫ مَن‬s.o.’s memory) │ ‫ليسقط‬
shipbuilding (‫ )فليسقط‬li-yasquṭ (fal-yasquṭ) down with
3
…! ‫ سقط به‬to drop s.o. or s.th.; ‫سقط اليهم عنه‬
‫اسفين‬look up alphabetically ‫ انه‬they had had word from him that he ...;
‫ سفنج‬safanj, sifanj and ‫ اسفنج‬isfanj sponge ‫( سقط رأسه في‬ra’suh) he was born in ..., his
birthplace was …; ‫سقط مَن العضوية‬
‫ سفه‬safiha a (safah) and safuha u (‫ سفاهة‬safāha) (‘uḍwīya) to be dropped from
to be stupid, silly, foolish; to be impudent, membership; ‫‘( سقط مَن عينيه‬ainaihī) to drop
insolent II to call (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) stupid or in s.o.’s estimation; ‫ سقط في الَمَتحان‬to fail
foolish; to declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) legally an examination, flunk; ‫ سقط في يده‬suqiṭa fī
incompetent; to depreciate, put down as yadihī to stand aghast, be at a loss, be
bewildered IV to let fall, drop (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., horizontal section; ‫( مَسقط رأسي‬ra’sī) front
s.th.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) tumble, cause s.o. ( elevation, vertical section (arch.); ‫مَسقط‬
‫ )ه‬to slip; to overthrow, bring down, ‫ الرأس‬m. ar-ra’s birthplace, home
topple, fell (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to fail, flunk (‫ه‬ ‫ سقط‬masqaṭ2 Muscat (seaport and
s.o. in an examination); to shoot down (‫هـ‬ capital of Oman)
an aircraft); to deduct, subtract (‫ هـ‬a
number); to eliminate (414 ‫ هـ‬s.th. ‫مَن‬ ‫ اسقاط‬isqāṭ overthrow; shooting down
from); to have a miscarriage, miscarry; to (of an aircraft); miscarriage, abortion;
bring about a miscarriage (woman); to deduction, subtraction; rebate │ ‫الَسقاط مَن‬
slink (‫ هـ‬its young one; animal) │ ‫اسقطه مَن‬ ‫( الجنسية‬jinsīya) abrogation of citizenship;
‫( الجنسية‬jinsīya) to deprive s.o. of his gation of citizenship; ‫اسقاط قيمة الفرنك‬
citizenship; ‫( اسقط حقه في‬ḥaqqahū) to (qīmat al-f.) devaluation of the franc
forfeit one’s right in s.th., waive one’s ‫ تساقط‬tasāqut loss (of hair) │ ‫تساقط الثلوج‬
claim to s.th.; ‫( اسقط دعوى‬da‘wā) to quash snowfall
a complaint, nonsuit a case; to withdraw
or drop a complaint; ‫( اسقط الشعر‬ša‘ra) to ‫ ساقط‬sāqiṭ pl. ‫ سقاط‬saqāṭ fallen; base,
cause loss of hair; ‫ اسقط في يده‬usqiṭa fī mean, vile; disreputable, notorious
yadihī = ‫ سقط في يده‬saqaṭa fī yadihī V to (district); omitted, missing; forgotten
learn gradually, pick up information (‫مَن هـ‬ ‫ ساقطة‬sāqiṭa scrap; (pl. -āt) fallen
about s.th. from); to hunt for scraps │ ‫تسقط‬ woman, harlot
‫ الخبار‬to gather information VI to fall
down, come down, collapse; to fall ‫ سقطراء‬suqṭrā’2 Socotra (island, S of Arabia)
successively or gradually; to fall out ‫ سقع‬saqa‘a a (saq‘) to slap, clap (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
(hair); to come gradually (‫ الى‬to), arrive s.th.)
one by one (‫ الى‬at); to roll, drip (‫ مَن‬off); to
‫ مَسقعة‬musaqqa‘a (eg.) dish of eggplant
dribble │ ‫ تساقط على نفسه‬to break down,
and meat
collapse; ‫( تساقط حطامَا‬ḥuṭāman) to go to
1
ruin, disintegrate ‫سقف‬II to provide with a roof or ceiling, roof
over (‫ ه‬s.th.)
‫ سقط‬saqṭ dew
‫ سقف‬saqf pl. ‫ سقوف‬suqūf, ‫ سقف‬suquf, ‫اسق‬
‫ سقط‬siqṭ miscarried fetus
‫ ف‬asquf roof; ceiling │ ‫ سقف الحلق‬s. al-
‫ سقط‬saqṭ, siqṭ, suqṭ sparks flying from a ḥalq palate
flint
‫ سقيفة‬saqīfa pl. ‫ سقائف‬saqā’if roofed
‫ سقط‬saqaṭ pl. ‫ اسقاط‬asqāṭ any worthless passage; roofed gallery; roofing, shelter
thing; offal, refuse, rubbish, trash; junk │
‫ تسقيف‬tasqīf roofing
‫ سقط المتاع‬s. al-matā‘ waste, scrap(s)
‫ مَسقوف‬masqūf roofed, covered (‫ ب‬with)
‫ سقطى‬saqaṭī junk dealer, ragman
2
‫اسقف‬asquf pl. ‫ اساقفة‬asāqifa look up
‫ سقطة‬saqṭa pl. saqaṭāt fall, tumble,
alphabetically
plunge; oversight, slip, error, mistake │
‫ سقطات الطباعة‬misprints, errata ‫ سقالة‬look up alphabetically
‫ سقوط‬suqūṭ fall, tumble; crash (of an ‫ سقلب‬saqlaba to throw down (‫ ه‬s.o.)
airplane); collapse, breakdown, ruin; ‫ سقلبي‬saqlabī pl. ‫ سقالبة‬saqāliba Slav;
decline, downfall, fall; devolution (of a Slavic 415
right); slip, lapse │ ‫ سقوط الشعر‬s. aš-ša‘r
loss of hair; ‫ سقوط المَطار‬rainfall ‫ سقم‬saqima a (saqam) and saquma u (suqm, ‫سقا‬
‫ م‬saqām) to be or become sick, ill, ailing;
‫ سقيط‬saqīṭ hail to become thin, lean, skinny; to be poor,
‫ سقاطة‬saqqāṭa, (eg.) suqqāṭa door latch meager, measly II to make sick (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV
= II
‫ مَسقط‬masqaṭ, masqiṭ pl. ‫ مَساقط‬masāqiṭ2
place where a falling object lands; ‫ سقم‬suqm pl. ‫ اسقام‬asqām illness,
waterfall │ ‫( مَسقط افقي‬ufqī) ground plan, sickness; leanness, thinness, skinniness
‫ سقم‬saqam pl. ‫ اسقام‬asqām illness; irrigation canal; water scoop; sakieh,
sickness; leanness, thinness, skinniness water wheel
‫ سقام‬saqām illness, sickness; leanness, ‫ سك‬sakka u (sakk) to look, bolt (‫ هـ‬the door); to
thinness, skinniness mint, coin (‫ هـ‬money); -- sakka (1st pers.
perf. sakiktu) a (‫ سكك‬sakak) and VIII to be
‫ سقيم‬saqīm pl. ‫ سقام‬siqām, ‫ سقماء‬suqamā’2
or become deaf
sick, ill, ailing; skinny, lean, emaciated;
meager, measly; poor, faulty (language) ‫ سكة‬sikka pl. ‫ سكك‬sikak (minting) die;
coin; road; (eg.) sidestreet, lane (narrower
‫ مَسقام‬masqām seriously suffering;
than ‫ شارع‬šāri‘) │ ‫ سكة الحديد‬and ‫السكة‬
constantly ailing, sickly
‫ الحديدية‬railroad; ‫( سكة زراعية‬zirā‘īya) field
‫ سقاوة‬siqāwa glanders path, dirt road; ‫ دار السكة‬mint
‫ سقى‬saqā i (saqy) to give (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. s.th.) to ‫ سكان‬sukkān pl. -āt rudder
drink, make s.o. (‫ )ه‬drink (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ اسك‬asakk f. ‫ سكاء‬sakkā’2, pl. ‫ سك‬sukk
water (‫ هـ‬cattle, plants); to irrigate (‫هـ‬
deaf
s.th.); to dip, scoop, draw (water) │ ‫سقى‬
‫( الفولَذ‬fūlāda) to temper steel III to give ( ‫ه‬ ‫ مَسكوك‬maskūka pl. -āt coin; drain hole
‫ هـ‬s.o. s.th.) to drink; to conclude a lease (tun.) │ ‫‘ علم المسكوكات‬ilm al-m.
contract (‫ ه‬with s.o.; cf. ‫ )مَساقاة‬IV to give (‫ه‬ numismatics
‫ هـ‬s.o. s.th.) to drink, make s.o. (‫ )ه‬drink (‫هـ‬ ‫ سكارة‬sigāra pl. ‫ سكائر‬sagā’ir2 (Syrian spelling)
s.th.); to water (‫ هـ‬cattle, plants); to irrigate cigarette
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII to ask (‫ مَن‬s.o.) for a drink; to
draw water (‫ مَن‬from); to draw (‫ مَن‬s.th., ‫ سكارين‬sakārīn saccharin
e.g., information, knowledge, etc., from), ‫ سكب‬sakaba u (sakb) to pour out, shed, spill (‫هـ‬
take, borrow, obtain (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from) X to s.th.) VII to pour forth, be poured out; be
ask (‫ مَن‬s.o.) for a drink (also ‫ هـ‬for s.th.); shed, be spilled
to pray for rain
‫ سكيب‬sakīb shed, spilled 416
‫ سقى‬saqy watering; irrigation
‫ مَسكب‬maskab pl. ‫ مَساكب‬masākib2
‫ سقاء‬siqā’ pl. ‫ اسقية‬asqiya, ‫ اسقيات‬asqiyāt, melting pot, crucible
‫ اساق‬asāqin waterskin, milkskin
‫ مَسكوبية‬maskūbīya melting pot, crucible
‫ سقاء‬saqqā’ pl. -ūn water carrier; --
pelican (zool.) ‫ سكباج‬sakbāj meat cooked in vinegar
‫ سقاية‬siqāya irrigation, watering; office ‫ سكت‬sakata u (sakt, ‫ سكوت‬sukūt, ‫ سكات‬sukāt to
of water supplier (spec. the traditional be silent, say nothing; to become silent,
office of one in charge of providing water lapse into silence; to be or become quiet,
for Mecca pilgrims); watering place; calm down, subside; to pass over s.th. (IT)
drinking vessel in silence; not to answer (‫ عن‬s.o.); pass.
sukita to have a stroke (med.) │ ‫سكت عنه‬
‫ مَسقى‬misqā pl. ‫ مَساق‬masāqin (eg.) ‫( الغضب‬gaḍab) his anger abated II to
irrigation canal silence, calm, soothe, pacify (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.
‫ مَساقاة‬musāqāh sharecropping contract s.th.); to order to be silent, hush up (‫ ه‬s.o.)
over the lease of a plantation, limited to IV do.; to conceal, refuse to tell (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
one crop period (Isl. Law) ‫ سكت‬sakt silence; taciturnity, reticence
‫ استسقاء‬istisqā’ dropsy │ ‫صلة الَستسقاء‬ │‫ على السكت‬silently, in silence, quietly
ṣalāt al-ist. prayer for rain ‫ سكتة‬sakta silence, quiet; stroke,
‫ استسقائي‬istisqā’ī dropsical, hydropic apoplexy (med.) │ ‫( سكتة‬qalbīya) heart
failure
‫ ساق‬sāqin pl. ‫ سقاة‬suqāh cupbearer,
Ganymede, saki ‫ سكات‬sukāt silence; taciturnity, reticence
‫ ساقية‬sāqiya barmaid; -- (pl. ‫سواق‬ ‫ سكوت‬sukūt silence; taciturnity,
sawāqin) rivulet; irrigation ditch, reticence; see also alphabetically
5
‫ سكوتي‬sukūtī taciturn, reticent ‫ سيكران‬look up alphabetically
‫ سكوت‬sakūt taciturn, reticent ‫( سكرتاة‬It. sicurtà) sikurtāh insurance
‫ سكيت‬sikkīt habitually silent ‫( سكرتارية‬Fr. secrétariat) sekretārīya
secretariat; secretaryship
‫ ساكت‬sākit silent, mum; taciturn,
reticent; still, quiet, calm, tranquil; ‫( سكرتو‬It scarto) sikartō cotton waste
quiescent (letter) ‫( سكرتير‬Fr secrétaiea) sekretēr secretary │ ‫سكرتي‬
1
‫ سكر‬sakara u (sakr) to shut, close, lock, bolt ( ‫‘( ر عام‬āmm) secretary-general
‫ هـ‬s.th.) II do. ‫ سكرتيرية‬sekretērīya secretariat 417
2
‫ سكر‬sakara a (sakar, sukr) to be drunk; to get ‫ سكرجة‬sukurruja, sukruja pl. ‫ سكاريج‬sakārīj2
drunk, become intoxicated IV to make bowl; platter, plate
drunk, intoxicate, inebriate (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to
pretend to be drunk ‫ سكروز‬sukrōz saccharose, sucrose
‫ سكر‬sukr intoxication, inebriety, ‫ سكرين‬sukkarīn saccharin
drunkenness ‫ سكسك‬II tasaksaka to behave in a servile
‫ سكر‬sakar an intoxicant; wine manner
‫ سكرة‬sakra pl. sakarāt inebriety, ‫ سكسكة‬suksuka wren (?)
intoxication, drunkenness │‫ سكرة الموت‬s. ‫ تسكسك‬tasaksuk servility
al-maut agony of death
‫ سكسوني‬saksūnī Saxonian; Saxon
‫ سكران‬sakrān2, f. ‫ سكرى‬sakrā, pl. ‫سكارى‬
sukārā, sakārā drunk, intoxicated; a drunk ‫ سكسونيا‬saksōniyā Saxonia
│ ‫( سكران طينة‬ṭīna) (colloq.) dead drunk ‫ سكع‬V to grope about (‫ الظلمة‬aẓ-ẓulmata in the
‫ سكير‬sikīr drunkard, heavy drinker dark); to loiter, loaf, hang around; to
proceed aimlessly, dawdle, potter │ ‫طرده‬
‫ مَسكر‬muskir pl. -āt alcoholic beverage, ‫( الى حيث التسكع‬ḥait t-tasakku‘u) to drive
intoxicating liquor s.o. out into the dark, leave s.o. to an
3
‫ سكر‬II to sugar, sprinkle with sugar (‫ هـ‬s.th.); uncertain fate
to candy, preserve with sugar (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ سكاف‬sakkāf shoemaker
2
‫ سكر‬sukkar sugar; pl. ‫ سكاكر‬sakākir ‫ سكافة‬sikāfa shoemaker’s trade,
sweetmeats, confectionery, candies │ ‫سكر‬ shoemaking
‫ الثمار‬fructose, levulose, fruit sugar; ‫سكر‬
‫ الشعير‬maltose, malt sugar; ‫ سكر العنب‬s. ‫ اسكاف‬iskāf and ‫ اسكافي‬iskāfī pl. ‫اساكفة‬
al-‘inab dextro-glucose, dextrose, grape asākifa shoemaker
sugar; ‫ سكر القصب‬s. al-qaṣab saccharose, ‫ اسكفة‬askafa threshold, doorstep; lintel
sucrose, cane sugar; ‫ سكر اللبن‬s. al-laban
lactose, milk sugar; ‫ سكر النبات‬s. an-nabāt ‫ ساكف‬sākif lintel
sugar candy, rook candy; ‫ قصب السكر‬qaṣab ‫ اسكلة‬pl. ‫ اساكل‬look up alphabetically
as-s. sugar cane; ‫ مَرض السكر‬maraḍ as-s. 1
‫ سكن‬sakana u (‫ سكون‬sukūn) to be or become
diabetes
still, tranquil, peaceful; to calm down,
‫ سكري‬sukkarī sugar (adj.), sugary, like repose, rest; (gram.) to be vowelless
sugar, saccharine; ‫ سكرات‬confectionery; (consonant, i.e., have no vowel
sweetmeats, candy │‫مَرض البول السكري‬ immediately fallowing); to abate, subside,
(maraḍ al-baul) diabetes remit, cease (anger, pain, and the like); to
‫ سكرية‬sukkarīya sugar bowl pass, go away (‫ عن‬from s.o. pain), leave (
‫ عن‬s.o., pain); to remain calm, unruffled (
‫ مَسكرات‬musakkarāt confectionery, ‫ الى‬at, in the face of); to be reassured ( ,‫ل‬
sweetmeats, candy ‫ الى‬by); to rely (‫ الى‬,‫ ل‬on), trust, have faith
4
‫ سكارة‬pl. ‫ سكائر‬look up alphabetically (‫ الى‬,‫ ل‬in); to feel at home (‫ الى‬in, at); --
sakana u (sakan, ‫ سكنى‬suknā) to live,
dwell (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬,‫ في‬in), inhabit (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬,‫في‬ --vowelless (medial consonant); stagnant,
s.th.) II to calm (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), reassure, standing (water); O statio (electricity); (pl.
appease, placate (‫ ه‬s.o.), soothe, allay, ‫ سكان‬sukkān, ‫ سكنة‬sakana) dweller,
alleviate (‫ هـ‬pain, and the like); (gram.) to inhabitant, resident, occupant; ‫ السكان‬the
make vowelless (‫ هـ‬a consonant, i.e., population │ ‫ ساكن الجنان‬inhabitant of
pronounce it without a following vowel) Paradise, deceased person, one of blessed
III to live together, share quarters (‫في ه‬ memory; ‫ كثير السكان‬populous; ‫لَ يحرك ساكنا‬
with s.o. in) IV to give or allocate living (yuḥarriku) he doesn’t budge, he doesn’t
quarters (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to settle, lodge, put up ( bend his little linger, he remains
‫ هـ ه‬s.o. in) VI to live together, share immobile, apathetic; ‫( حرك ساكنه‬sākinahū)
quarters to rouse, agitate s.o.
‫ سكن‬sakan means or time for rest; ‫ مَسكون‬maskūn populated, inhabited;
dwelling, abode, habitation; inhabited haunted (place); possessed (person) │ ‫الدار‬
area, human habitations; ashes ‫ مَسكونة‬the house is haunted
‫ سكني‬sakanī ashen, ash-gray ‫ المسكونة‬al-maskūna the inhabited
world, the world
‫ في حركاته وسكناته‬fī ḥarakātihī wa
sakanātihī in all his doings; in every ‫ مَسكوني‬maskūnī ecumenical (Chr.)
situation ‫ مَسكن‬musakkin pl. -ūn pacifier, soother;
‫ سكنة‬sakina pl. -āt residence, home (pl. -āt) sedative, tranquilizer
‫ سكون‬sukūn calm, tranquility, peace; ‫ مَساكن‬musākin pl. -ūn fellow citizen,
silence, quiet; (gram.) vowellessness of a neighbor
medial consonant; the graphic symbol of 3
‫ مَسكنة‬and ‫ مَسكين‬pl. ‫ مَساكين‬look up
this vowellessness │ ‫سكون الطائر‬ alphabetically
seriousness, sedateness, gravity
‫ سكنجبين‬sakanjabīn oxymel (pharm.)
‫ سكان‬sakkān cutler
‫ سكندينافيا‬skandināfiyā and ‫ سكندناوة‬sikandināwa
‫ سكان‬sukkān pl. -āt rudder Scandinavia
‫ سكين‬sikkīn m. and f. pl. ‫ سكاكين‬sakākīn2 ‫ سكندنافي‬sikandināfī Scandinavian
knife
‫( سكوت‬Hebr. sukkōṭ): ‫‘ عيد السكوت‬īd as-s.
‫ سكينة‬sakīna pl. ‫ سكائن‬sakā’in2 Sukkoth, Feast of Tabernacles (Jud.)
immanence of God, presence of God;
devout, God-inspired peace of mind; ‫ سكي‬skī ski
calm, tranquility, peace 1
‫ سل‬sal imperative of ‫ سأل‬sa’ala
‫ سكينة‬sikkīna knife 2
‫ سل‬salla u (sall) to pull out, withdraw, or
‫ سكنى‬suknā living, dwelling; stay, remove gently (‫ هـ‬s.th.); pass. sulla to have
sojourn │ ‫ مَحل السكنى‬maḥall as-s. place of pulmonary tuberculosis, be consumptive
residence V to steal away, slink away, slip away,
escape; to spread, extend, get (‫ الى‬to),
‫ سكاكيني‬sakākīnī cutler reach (‫ الى‬s.th.); to slip, slink, sneak, steal
‫ مَسكن‬maskan, maskin pl. ‫مَساكن‬ (‫ الى‬into); to betake o.s., go (‫ الى‬to, with
masākin2 dwelling, abode, habitation; secret designs); to invade, infiltrate, enter
house; home, residence, domicile (‫ الى‬s.th.); to penetrate (‫ في‬to, as far as) VII
to steal away, slink away, slip away,
‫ تسكين‬taskīn pacification,
escape; to slip, slink, sneak, steal (‫الى‬
tranquilization, placation 418
into); to infiltrate (‫ الى‬s.th., also pol.); to
‫ اسكان‬settling, settlement; allocation of advance singly or in small groups (troops
living quarters in the field; mil.); to have pulmonary
‫ ساكن‬sākin pl. -ūn, ‫ سكنة‬sakana, f. ‫سواكن‬ tuberculosis, be consumptive VIII to pull
sawākin2 calm, motionless, still; out or remove gently (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
withdraw gently (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., ‫ كفه‬kaffahū
one’s hand, ‫ عن‬from); to unsheathe, draw ( mourning V to be in mourning VIII =
‫ هـ‬the sword); to wrest, snatch (‫ مَن هـ‬from salaba
s.o. s.th.) ‫ سلب‬salb spoliation, plundering,
‫ سل‬sall basket looting, pillage, robbing; negation │ ‫علمَة‬
‫‘ السلب‬alāmat as-s. minus sign (math.)
‫ سل‬sill, sull consumption, phthisis,
tuberculosis │ ‫( السل التدرني‬tadarrunī) ‫ سلبي‬salbī negative (also el.); passive │
tuberculosis; ‫( السل الرئوي‬ri’awī) ‫ الدفاع السلبي‬or ‫( المقاومَة السلبية‬muqāwama)
pulmonary tuberculosis passive resistance
‫ سلة‬salla pl. ‫ سلل‬silāl basket │ ‫سلة‬ ‫ سلبية‬salbīya negativism, negative
‫ المهملت‬s. al-muhmalāt wastepaper basket; attitude
‫ كرة السلة‬kurat as-s. basketball ‫ سلب‬salab pl. ‫ اسلاب‬aslāb loot, booty,
‫ سليل‬salīl drawn (sword); descendant, plunder, spoils; hide, shanks and belly of a
scion, son slaughtered animal; -- ropes, hawsers (eg.)
‫ سليلة‬salīla pl. ‫ سلائل‬salā’il2 (female) ‫ سلاب‬sillāb pl. ‫ سلب‬sulub black clothing,
descendant mourning (worn by women)
‫ سلل‬sallāl basketmaker, basket weaver ‫ سلاب‬sallāb robber, plunderer, looter
‫ سللة‬sulāla pl. -āt descendant, scion; ‫ سليب‬salīb stolen, taken, wrested away
progeny, offspring; family; race; strain, ‫ اسلوب‬uslūb pl. ‫ اساليب‬asālīb2 method,
stock, provenience (of economic plants) way, procedure; course; manner, mode,
‫ سللى‬sulālī family (adj.) fashion; style (esp. literary); stylistic
peculiarity (of an author) │ ‫اسلوب كتابي‬
‫ مَسلة‬masalla pl. -āt, ‫ مَسال‬masāll2 large
(kitābī) literary style
needle, pack needle; obelisk
‫ استلاب‬istilāb spoliation, plundering,
‫ تسلل‬tasallul infiltration (pol.); offside
looting, pillage, robbing
position (in football, hockey, etc.)
‫ سالب‬sālib negative (adj.); (pl. ‫سوالب‬
‫ انسلل‬insilāl infiltration (pol.)
sawālib2) O negative (phot.)
‫ مَسلول‬maslūl consumptive, affected
‫ مَسلوب‬maslūb unsuccessful
with pulmonary tuberculosis
‫ سلبند‬salaband martingale (of the harness)
‫ مَستلة‬mustalla pl. -āt offprint (ir.) 419
‫ سلت‬salata i u to extract, pull out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ سل‬sala’a a (sal’) to clarify (‫ هـ‬butter)
chop off (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. a part of the body)
‫ سلء‬silā’ pl. ‫ اسلئة‬asli’a clarified butter VII to steal away, slip away
‫ سلطة‬salāṭa salad ‫ سلج‬salg (eg.) = ‫سلق‬
‫ سلفي‬sulāfī Slavic; (pl. -ūn) Slav ‫ السلاجقة‬as-salājiqa the Seljuk
‫ سلقون‬salāqūn red lead, minium ‫ سلجم‬saljam turnip (Brassica rapa; bot.); (eg.)
‫ سلقى‬see ‫سلق‬ rape (Brassica napus; bot.)

‫ سلنيك‬salānīk2 Salonica (seaport in NE ‫ سلح‬salaḥa a (salḥ) to void excrement; to drop


Greece) dung (bird) II to arm (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. with) V to
arm o.s. VI to engage in battle, fight, cross
‫ سلب‬salaba a (salb) to take away, steal, wrest, swords
snatch (‫ ه مَن‬or ‫ ه هـ‬from s.o. s.th.), rob,
strip, dispossess, deprive (‫ ه مَن‬or ‫ ه هـ‬s.o. ‫ سلح‬salḥ and ‫ سلاح‬sulāḥ excrements,
of s.th.); to plunder, rifle, loot (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫هـ‬ dung, droppings
s.th.); to strip of arms and clothing (‫ ه‬a ‫ سلاح‬silāh pl. ‫ اسلحة‬asliḥa arm, weapon;
fallen enemy); to withhold (‫ ه هـ‬from s.o. arms, weapons; service (as a branch of the
s.th.), deny (‫ ه هـ‬to s.o. s.th.); -- saliba a armed forces); armor; steel gripper, steel
(salab) to put on or wear mourning, be in claw; plowshare ‫ سلاح الطيران‬s. aṭ-ṭayarān
air force; ‫ سلاح الفرسان‬s. al-fursān cavalry; ‫ سليخة‬salīka Chinese cinnamon tree
‫ شاك السلح‬šākk as-s. bristling with arms, (Cinnamomum cassia; bot.); cinnamon
armed to the teeth; ‫ سلم سلحه‬sallama bark, cassia bark
silāḥahū to lay down one’s arms, ‫ سخانة‬salkāna pl. -āt slaughterhouse,
surrender abattoir
‫ سلحدار‬silāḥdār sword-bearer, shield- ‫ مَسلخ‬maslak pl. ‫ مَسالخ‬masālik2
bearer, squire slaughterhouse, abattoir
‫ سليح‬salīḥ pl. -ūn apostle (Chr.) ‫ مَسلاخ‬mislāk snakeskin, slough
‫ تسليح‬taslīḥ pl. -āt arming, equipping; ‫ مَنسلخ‬munsalak end of the month
armament, rearmament; armoring,
reinforcement (in ferroconcrete ‫ سلس‬salisa a (salas, ‫ سلاسة‬salāsa) to be
construction) tractable, docile, compliant, obedient; to
be smooth, flowing, fluent (style) IV to
‫ تسلح‬tasalluḥ armament, rearmament │ make tractable, render obedient, subdue (
‫ سباق التسلح‬sibāq at-t. arms race ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to make easy, smooth,
‫ مَسلح‬musalliḥ armorer fluent (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ سلح‬musallaḥ armed; armored, ‫ سلس‬salas incontinence of urine
reinforced (with steel); = Fr. armé │ ‫القوات‬ ‫ سلس‬salis tractable, pliable, docile,
420 ‫( المسلحة‬qūwāt) the armed forces; ‫اسمنت‬ compliant, obedient; flexible, smooth,
‫( مَسلح‬ismant) ferroconcrete, reinforced fluent (style) │ ‫ سلس القياد‬s. al-qiyād
concrete; ‫( خرسانة مَسلحة‬karsāna) do.; ‫زجاج‬ tractable, pliable, docile, compliant,
‫( مَسلح‬zujāj) wired glass obedient
‫ سلحفاء‬sulaḥfāh, silaḥfāh pl. ‫ سلحف‬salāḥif2 ‫ سلاسة‬salāsa tractability, pliability,
turtle, tortoise docility, compliance, obedience (also ‫سلاسة‬
‫ سلحفائية‬sulḥafā’īya dawdling, ‫ القيادة‬s. al-qiyāda); smoothness, fluency
dilatoriness (of style)
‫ سلخ‬salaka a u (salk) to pull off, strip off (‫هـ‬ ‫ اسلس‬aslas2 more tractable, more
s.th.); to skin, flay (‫ هـ‬an animal); to pliable, more obedient; more flexible,
detach (‫ هـ عن‬s.th. from); to end, terminate, smoother, more fluent
conclude, bring to a close (‫ هـ‬a period of ‫ سلسبيل‬salsabīl name of a spring in Paradise;
time); to spend (‫ هـ‬a period of time, ‫في‬ spring, well
doing s.th.) V to peel (skin, from sunburn)
VII to be stripped off, be shed (skin, ‫ سلسل‬salsala to link together, concatenate,
slough); to shed, cast off (‫ مَن‬,‫ عن‬the interlink, interlock, connect, unite (‫ هـ‬s.th.
slough, the skin), strip off, take off (‫ مَن‬,‫عن‬ ‫ ب‬with); to chain up, enchain, fetter,
clothing); to abandon, give up, cut off (‫ هـ‬a shackle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to pour (‫ الماء في‬water into)
trait, a quality); to get detached (‫ مَن‬,‫عن‬ │ ‫ سلسله الى‬to trace s.o.’s lineage back to
from), come off (‫ مَن‬,‫ ;)عن‬to withdraw, s.o. II tasalsala to flow down, trickle (in a
retire (‫ مَن‬from); to pass, end (month) continuous stream); to drip, dribble, fall in
drops (water); to form a chain or series, be
‫ سلخ‬salk detaching; skinning, flaying; continuous; to be interlinked, interlocked,
snakeskin, slough; end of the month linked together, concatenate
‫ سلخ‬salk: ‫( خشب سلخ‬kašab) (barkless) ‫ سلسل‬salsal cool fresh water
soft wood, alburnum, sapwood
‫ سلسلة‬silsila pl. ‫ سلاسل‬salāsil2 iron chain;
‫ سلاخ‬sallāk pl. ‫ة‬, -ūn butcher chain (also fig.); series (of essays, articles,
‫ سلخ‬salik skinned, flayed; tasteless, etc.) │ ‫ سلسلة الجبال‬mountain chain; ‫سلسلة‬
insipid (food) ‫ الظهر‬s. aẓ-ẓahr, backbone, vertebral
column; ‫( السلسلة الفقرية‬faqrīya) do.; ‫سلسلة‬
‫ الكاذب‬fabric of lies; ‫ سلسلة النسب‬s. an-
nasab lineage, line of ancestors
‫ تسلسل‬tasalsul sequence, succession │ ‫ سلاطح‬sulāṭiḥ wide
‫ بالتسلسل‬without interruption, successively, ‫ سلطن‬salṭana to proclaim sultan, establish as
consecutively, continuously; ‫ نشره بتسلسل‬to ruler (‫ ه‬s.o.) II ‫ تسلطن‬tasalṭana to become
serialize s.th., publish s.th. in serial form sultan or ruler
421
‫ سلطنة‬salṭana sultanate
‫ مَسلسل‬musalaal chained; continuous
(numbering) │ ‫( رد فعل مَسلسل‬raddu fi‘lin) ‫ سلطان‬sulṭān m. and f. power, might,
chain reaction (phys.); ‫المرأة المسلسلة‬ strength; rule, reign, dominion, sway;
(mar’a) Andromeda (astron.) authority; mandate, authorization;
legitimation (‫ ب‬for); -- (pl. ‫ سلاطين‬salāṭīn2)
‫ مَتسلسل‬mutasalsil continuous sultan; (absolute) ruler │ ‫ سلطان ابراهيم‬s.
(numbering) ibrāhīm red mullet (Mullus barbatus;
1
‫ سلط‬II to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) power or mastery (‫على‬ zool.); ‫( مَا انزل ا به مَن سلطان‬anzala llāhu)
over), set up as overlord, establish as ruler (lit.; God has revealed no legitimation for
(‫ على ه‬s.o. over); to impose, inflict (‫ على ه‬a it; with preceding indeterminate noun)
penalty on s.o.); to bring to bear, exert (‫هـ‬ vain, unfounded, baseless, arbitrary
force, pressure, and the like, ‫ على‬on); to ‫ سلطانة‬sulṭāna sultana, sultaness
load, charge (‫ على هـ‬s.th. with electric
current) │ ‫( سلطوا عليه ايديهم‬aidiyahum) they ‫ سلطاني‬sulṭānī of the sultan; sovereign,
laid violent hands on …, dealt high- imperial, royal │ ‫ طريق سلطاني‬imperial
handedly with ...; ‫ سلط عليه الكلب‬to set the highway
dogs on s.o. V to overcome, surmount (‫على‬ ‫ سلطانية‬suṭānīya soup bowl, tureen;
s.th.); to overpower, overwhelm (‫ على‬s.o.); large metal bowl
to prevail, gain the upperhand (‫ على‬over),
get the better of (‫ ;)على‬to be absolute ‫ سلع‬Sali‘a a (sala‘) to crack, become cracked
master (‫ على‬of), rule, reign, hold sway (‫على‬ VII to split, break open, burst
over); to control, supervise, command (‫على‬ ‫ سلع‬sal‘ pl. ‫ سلوع‬sulū‘ crack, fissure, rift
s.th.)
‫ سلعة‬sil‘a pl. ‫ سلع‬sila‘ commodity,
‫ سلط‬sulṭa pl. -āt, ‫ سلط‬sulaṭ power, commercial article; sebaceous cyst, wen
might, strength; authority; sway,
dominion, influence, sovereign power, ‫ سلف‬salafa u (salaf) to be over, be past, be
jurisdiction; (pl. -āt) official agency, bygone; to precede, antecede II to lend,
authority │‫( السلطة البوية‬abawīya) paternal loan, advance (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. money) IV to
authority; patriarchy; ‫( السلطة الروحية‬rūḥīya) make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) precede; to lend, loan,
spiritual power; ‫( السلطة التشريعية‬tašrī‘īya) advance (‫ ه هـ‬to s.o. money) │ (‫اسلفنا )القول‬
legislative power; ‫‘( سلطة عسكرية‬askarīya) (qaul) we have already said, we have
military authority; ‫( السلطة القضائية‬qaḍā’īya) previously stated; ‫ كما اسلفنا‬as we have
judicial power; ‫( السلطة التنفيذية‬tanfīdīya) already said V to borrow (‫ هـ مَن‬s.th. from);
executive power to contract a loan VIII = V

‫ سلطة‬salṭa jacket ‫ سلف‬silf pl. ‫ اسلاف‬aslāf brother-in-law

‫ سليط‬salīṭ strong, solid, firm; glib; ‫ سلفة‬silfa sister-in-law 422


impudent, sharp, loose, vicious (tongue) ‫ سلف‬salaf and pl. ‫ اسلاف‬aslāf
‫ سلاطة‬salāṭa glibness; impudence, lack predecessors; forebears, ancestors,
of restraint (in one’s language); see also forefathers; ‫ سلف‬advance payment,
alphabetically prepayment; free loan, noninterest-bearing
loan; ‫ سلفا‬salafan in advance, beforehand,
‫ تسلط‬tasalluṭ mastery, sway, dominion; before │ ‫ السلف الصالح‬the worthy ancestors,
rule, influence, authority, supremacy (‫على‬ the venerable forefathers
over); supervision, control
‫ سلفية‬salafīya pl. -āt free loan; (cash)
2
‫سلط‬salaṭa and ‫ سلاطة‬salāṭa salad advance
‫ سلطح‬III ‫ اسلنطح‬islanṭaḥa to be broad, be wide
‫ السلفية‬as-salafīya an Islamic reform ‫ سليقة‬salīqa pl. ‫ سلائق‬salā’iq2 dish made
movement in Egypt, founded by of grain cooked with sugar, cinnamon and
Mohammed ‘Abduh (1849-1906) fennel (syr.); inborn disposition, instinct
‫ سلفة‬sulfa pl. ‫ سلف‬sulaf loan; (cash) ‫ سلقون‬salaqūn and ‫ سلاقون‬salāqūn red
advance; inner lining of shoes, inner sole lead, minium
‫ سلاف‬sulāf choicest wine (made of the ‫ سلاقي‬salāqī saluki, greyhound, hunting
juice flowing from unpressed grapes) dog
‫ سلافة‬sulāfa = ‫ سلاف‬sulāf ‫ سلوقي‬salūqī saluki, greyhound, hunting
dog
‫ سلفاء‬sulafā’2 predecessors
‫ تسلق‬tasalluq climbing; ascent
‫ مَسلفة‬mislafa harrow
‫ مَسلوق‬maslūq cooked, boiled (meat,
‫ تسليف‬taslīf credit, advance │ ‫سعر التسليف‬
egg, vegetable)
si‘r at-t. rate of interest; ‫ بنك التسليف‬credit
bank ‫ مَسلوقة‬maslūqa pl. ‫ مَساليق‬masālīq2
bouillon, broth
‫ تسليفة‬talīfa credit, loan │ ‫تسليفة عقارية‬
(‘aqārīya) land credit ‫ النباتات المتسلقة‬an-nabātāt al-mutasalliqa
climbing plants, creepers
‫ سالف‬sālif pl. ‫ سلف‬salaf, ‫ سلاف‬sullāf, ‫سوال‬
‫ ف‬sawālif, preceding, foregoing, ‫ سلك‬salaka u (salk, ‫ سلوك‬sulūk) to follow (‫ هـ‬a
road), travel (‫ هـ‬along a road); to take (‫ هـ‬a
former, previous, bygone, past;
road), enter upon a course or road (‫;هـ‬
predecessor; ‫ سالفا‬sālifan formerly,
fig.); to behave, comport o.s. (‫ نحو‬toward
previously; above (as a reference in
s.o.); to proceed, act; to set foot (‫ هـ‬on),
books, etc.) │ ‫ سوالف الحداث‬former, or
enter (‫ هـ‬a place); -- salaka (salk) to insert
past, events; ‫ سالف الذكر‬s. ad-dikr
(‫ هـ في‬s.th. in), stick (‫ هـ في‬s.th. into); to
aforementioned; ‫ سالف العروس‬s. al-‘arūs
pass (‫ هـ‬thread, ‫ في البرة‬through the eye of
amaranth (bot.); ‫ في سالف الزمَان‬fī s. iz-
a needle), thread a 423 needle │ ‫سلكه في‬
zamān in former times, in the old days
‫( السلسلة‬silsila) to chain s.o. up II to clean,
1
‫ سلفات‬sulfāt sulfate │ ‫ سلفات النشادر‬s. an- clear (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. pipelines, canals, etc.);
nušādir ammonium sulfate to unreel, unwind (‫ هـ‬yarn); to clarify,
2
O ‫ سلفت‬salfata to asphalt (‫ هـ‬s.th.) unravel, disentangle (‫ امَرا مَعقدا‬amran
mu‘aqqadan a complicated affair) IV to
O ‫ مَسلفت‬musalfat asphalted insert (‫ هـ في‬s.th. in), stick (‫ هـ في‬s.th. into);
‫ سلفيد‬sulfīd sulfide to pass (‫ هـ‬thread, ‫ في للبرة‬through the eye
of a needle), thread a needle
‫ سلق‬salaqa u (salq) to lacerate the skin (‫ ه‬of
s.o.; with a whip); to remove with boiling ‫ سلك‬silk pl. ‫ اسلاك‬aslāk thread; string
water (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to boil, cook in boiling (also, of a musical instrument); line; wire;
water (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to scald (‫ هـ‬plants; said of rail (Mor.); -- organization, body;
excessive heat); to hurt (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ بلسانه‬bi- profession (as a group or career); corps;
lisānihī with one’s tongue, i.e., give s.o. a cadre │ ‫ سلك الرض‬s. al-arḍ or ‫السلك الرضي‬
tongue-lashing) V to ascend, mount, (arḍī) ground wire; ‫( اسلاك بحرية‬baḥrīya)
climb, scale (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to climb up (plant) underwater cable; O ‫السلك الحراري‬
(h>arārī) filament (of a radio tube); O ‫السل‬
‫ سلق‬salq (eg.), silq a variety of chard, ‫( ك المتحكم‬mutaḥakkim) grid (of a radio
the leaves of which are prepared as a salad tube); (‫( السلك السياسي )رجال‬siyāsī)
or vegetable dish diplomatic corps; ‫ سلك الشرطة‬s. aš-šurṭa the
‫ السلاق‬as-sullāq Ascension of Christ police; ‫ السلك الشائك‬barbed wire; O ‫سلك‬
‫ الَنصهار الواقى‬fuse (el.); ‫السلك التعليمي‬
‫ سلاقة‬salāqa vicious tongue, violent
(ta‘līmī) the teaching profession, the
language
teachers; ‫ سلك القضاء‬s. al-qaḍā’ the
judiciary, the judicature; O ‫السلك المقاوم‬
(muqāwim) resistor (el.); O ‫السلك الهوائي‬ to); to submit, resign o.s. (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to); to
(hawā’ī) antenna, aerial; ‫انتظو في )الى( السلك‬ greet. Salute (‫ على‬s.o.); to grant salvation
‫ البحري‬to be a member of an organization (God to the Prophet); to admit, concede,
and the like; to join an organization and grant (‫ ب‬s.th.); to consent (‫ ب‬to s.th.),
the like, e.g., ‫( الَنتظام الى السلك البحري‬baḥrī) approve (‫ ب‬of s.th.), accept, sanction,
entrance into the navy (as also ‫انخراط في‬ condone (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫سلم امَره الى ا‬
‫)سلك‬ (amrahū) to commit one’s cause to God,
resign o.s. to the will of God; ‫سلم روحه‬
‫ سلكي‬silkī by wire, wire (adj.)
(rūḥahū) to give up the ghost; ‫سلم نفسه‬
‫ لَسلكي‬lā-silkī wireless; radio, ‫( الخير‬nafasahū) to breathe one’s last, be
broadcasting (adj. and n.); radiogram; in the throes of death; ‫سلم نفسه للبوليس‬
radio specialist │ ‫( اشارة لَسلكية‬išāra) radio (nafsahū) to give o.s. up to the police; ‫سلم‬
message; ‫ عامَل لَسلكي‬radio operator ‫( اليه على الحسنى والساءة‬ḥusnā, isā’a) 424 to
‫ سلكة‬silka pl. ‫ سلك‬silak wire; thread; put o.s. at s.o.’s mercy; ‫( سلم لي عليه‬salim)
string (also, of a musical instrument) give him my best regards! remember me
to him! ‫( صلى ا عليه وسلم‬sallā) God bless
‫ سلوك‬sulūk behavior, comportment, him and grant him salvation (eulogy after
demeanor, manners; conduct, deportment, the name of the Prophet Mohammed) III
attitude │ ‫ حسن السلوك‬ḥusn as-s. good to keep the peace, make one’s peace,
behavior, good manners; ‫ قواعد السلوك‬or make up (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to forsake, leave,
‫ آداب السلوك‬etiquette desert, give up, betray (‫ ه‬s.o.); to let sink,
‫ مَسلك‬maslak pl. ‫ مَسالك‬masālik2 way, drop (‫ رأسه الى ركبتيه‬ra’sahū i. rukbataihī
road, path; course of action, policy; one’s head, to one’s knees); to hand over,
procedure, method │ ‫المسالك البولية‬ turn over (‫ الى‬to s.o., ‫ هـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th.); to
(baulīya) the urinary passages (anat.); ‫مَسال‬ leave, abandon (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to
‫ ك الهواء‬m. al-hawā’ the respiratory deliver up, surrender, expose (‫ ه الى‬s.o. to);
passages (anat.); ‫ سلك مَسلكا‬to enter upon a to commit o.s. resign o.s. (‫ ل‬to the will of
course (fig.) God, with ellipsis of ‫ نفسه‬or ‫اسلم( ;)امَره‬
alone:) to declare o.s. committed to the
‫ مَسلكي‬maslakī professional, vocational, will of God, become a Muslim, embrace
industrial, trade (adj.) Islam │ ‫( اسلم امَره الى ا‬amrahū) to commit
‫ سالك‬sālik cleaning, clearing one’s cause to God, resign o.s. to the will
of God; (‫( اسلم روحه )الروح‬rūḥahū) to give
‫ سالك‬sālik passable, practicable (road);
up the ghost V to get, obtain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
entered upon (course); clear, open, not
receive (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to have (‫ هـ‬s.th.) handed
blocked, not obstructed (also anat.); (pl.
over or delivered; to take over, assume (‫هـ‬
-āt) one who follows the spiritual path
the management of s.th.) │ ‫تسلم مَقاليد الحكم‬
(esp. myst.)
(m. al-ḥukm) to take (the reins of) power
‫ مَسلوك‬maslūk passable, practicable VI to become reconciled with one another,
(road); entered upon (course) make peace with one another VIII to
‫ سلم‬salima a (‫ سلامَة‬salāma, ‫ سلام‬salām) touch, graze (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to receive, get,
to be safe and sound, unharmed, obtain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to take over (‫ هـ‬s.th.), take
unimpaired, intact, safe, secure; to be possession (‫ هـ‬of) X to surrender,
unobjectionable, blameless faultless; to be capitulate; to give way, submit, yield,
certain, established, clearly proven (fact); abandon o.s. (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.th.); to give o.s.
to be free (‫ مَن‬from); to escape (‫مَن ه‬ over (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.th.; to a man, said of a
danger) II to preserve, keep from injury, woman); to lend o.s., be a party (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to
protect from harm (‫ ه‬s.o.), save (‫ ه مَن‬s.o. s.th.); to succumb (‫ ل‬to)
from); to hand over intact (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬ ‫ سلم‬salm peace
to s.o.); to hand over, turn over, surrender
‫ سلم‬silm m. and f. peace; the religion of
(‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o.); to deliver (
Islam │‫ حب السلم‬ḥubb as-s. pacifism
‫ هـ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o. s.th.); to lay down (‫هـ‬
arms); to surrender, give o.s. up (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬ ‫ سلمي‬silmī peaceful; pacifist
‫ سلم‬salam forward buying (Isl. Law); a being! (said to the traveler returning from
variety of acacia a journey)
‫ سلم‬sullam pl. ‫ سللم‬salālim2, ‫سلليم‬ ‫ سليم‬salīm pl. ‫ سلماء‬sulamā’2 safe,
salālīm2 ladder; (flight of) stairs, stair- secure; free (‫ مَن‬from); unimpaired,
case; stair, step, running board; (mus.) undamaged, unhurt, sound, intact,
scale; means, instrument, tool (fig.) │ ‫سلم‬ complete, perfect, whole, integral;
‫( مَتحرك‬mutaḥarrik) escalator faultless, flawless; well; safe and sound;
safe; healthy; sane; (euphemistically)
‫ سلمة‬sullama step, stair
seriously injured or damaged, on the verge
‫ سلم‬salām soundness, unimpairedness, of ruin │ ‫ سليم البنية‬s. al-bunya healthy,
intactness, well-being; peace, sound in body; ‫ سليم العاقبة‬benign (disease);
peacefulness; safety, security; -- (pl. -āt) ‫ سليم العقل‬s. al-‘aql sane; ‫ سليم النية‬s. an-nīya,
greeting, salutation; salute; military salute; ‫ سليم القلب‬s. al-qalb guileless, sincere, good-
national anthem │ ‫‘( السلم العام‬āmm) natured; ‫( ذوق سليم‬dauq) good taste
general welfare, commonweal; ‫دار السلم‬
‫ سلامَى‬sulāmā pl. ‫ سلامَيات‬sulāmayāt
Paradise; an epithet of Baghdad; Dar es
phalanx, digital bone (of the hand or foot)
Salaam (seaport and capital of
Tanganyika); ‫( مَدينة السلم‬the City of Peace ‫ سلامَية‬sulāmīya pl. -āt phalanx, digital
=) Baghdad; ‫ نهر السلم‬nahr as-s. the Tigris; bone (of the hand or foot)
‫( السلم عليكم‬salāmu), ‫ سلم عليكم‬peace be ‫ اسلم‬aslam2 safer; freer; sounder;
with you! (a Muslim salutation); ‫عليه السلم‬ healthier
upon him be peace (used parenthetically
after the names of angels and of pre- ‫ سليماني‬sulaimānī Solomon │ ‫حوت سليمان‬
Mohammedan prophets); ‫يا سلم‬ ḥūt s. salmon
exclamation of dismay, esp. after s.th. ‫ سليماني‬sulaimānī corrosive sublimate,
calamitous has happened: good Lord! mercury chloride
good heavens! oh dear! ‫يا سلم على‬
exclamation of amazement or grief about ‫ تسليم‬taslīm handing over, turning over;
s.th.: there goes (go) ...! what a pity for ...! presentation; extradition; surrender (of
how nice is (are) ...! ‫( بلغ سلمَي اليه‬ballig) s.th.); delivery (com.; of mail);
give him my kind regards! remember me submission, surrender, capitulation;
to him! ‫( والسلم‬and) that’s all, and let it be salutation; greeting; concession,
done with that; ‫ سلم‬... ‫ على‬it’s all over with admission; assent, consent (‫ ب‬to),
... acceptance, approval, condonation,
unquestioning recognition (‫ ب‬of)
‫( سلمَلك‬Turk. selamlιk) selāmlιk
selamlik, reception room, sitting room, ‫ مَسالمة‬musālama conciliation,
parlor pacification
‫ سلمَة‬salāma blamelessness ‫ اسلم‬islām submission, resignation,
flawlessness; unimpaired state, soundness, reconciliation (to the will of God); -- ‫الَسل‬
integrity, intactness; well-being, welfare; ‫ م‬the religion of Islam; the era of Islam;
safety, security; smooth progress; success the Muslims
│ ‫( السلمَة الَجماعية‬ijmā‘īya) collective ‫ اسلمَي‬islāmī Islamic
security; ‫ سلمَة الذوق‬s. ad-dauq good taste;
‫ سلمَة )امَلك( البلد‬the integrity of the ‫ اسلامَية‬islāmīya the idea of Islam,
country; ‫ سلمَة النية‬s. an-nīya sincerity, Islamism; status or capacity of a Muslim
guilelessness; ‫ بسلمَة النية‬in good faith, ‫ اسلمَبولي‬look up alphabetically
bona fide; ‫ سلمَتك‬a speedy recovery! ‫مَع‬
‫ تسلم‬tasallum receipt; taking over,
‫( السلمَة‬a greeting of 425 farewell, said by
assumption; reception
the person remaining behind) approx.:
good-by! farewell! ‫الحمد ل على السلامَة‬ ‫ استلام‬istilām receipt; acceptance; taking
(ḥamdu) praised be God for your well- over, assumption │ ‫افادة الَستلام‬
acknowledgment of receipt
‫ استسلام‬istislām surrender, capitulation; ‫ تسلية‬tasliya consolation, amusement,
submission, resignation, self-surrender distraction, diversion, fun; pastime,
entertainment
‫ سالم‬sālim safe, secure; free (‫ مَن‬from);
unimpaired, unblemished, faultless, ‫ مَسل‬musallin amusing, entertaining;
flawless, undamaged, unhurt, intact, safe comforting, consoling; comforter,
and sound, safe; sound, healthy; whole, consoler
perfect, complete, integral; regular (verb) ‫ سلوفينيا‬slovēniyā Slovenia
│ ‫( الجمع السالم‬jam‘) sound (= external)
plural (gram.) □ ‫ مَسلي‬maslī (eg.) = ‫ سمن‬samn: cooking butter
│ ‫( مَسلي نباتي‬nabātī) vegetable butter
‫ مَسلم‬musallam unimpaired, intact,
unblemished, flawless; (also ‫)مَسلم به‬ ‫ سلينيوم‬silīniyūm selenium
accepted, uncontested, incontestable, 1
‫ اسم‬ism pl. ‫ اسماء‬asmā’, ‫ اسام‬asāmin name;
indisputable, incontrovertible appellation; reputation, standing, prestige;
‫ مَسالم‬musālim peaceable, peaceful, (gram.) noun; ‫ اسما‬isman nominally │ ‫اسم‬
peace-loving; mild-tempered, lenient, ‫ التأليف‬pen name, nom de plume; ‫اسم الكتابة‬
gentle do.; ‫( اسم تجاري‬tijārī) firm name (com.);
‫ اسم علم‬ism ‘alam proper name; ‫اسم جامَد‬
‫ مَسلم‬muslim pl. -ūn Muslim (gram.) primary noun (not derived from a
‫ مَستلم‬mustalim recipient; consignee verb form); ‫ اسم الجمع‬ism al-jam‘ (gram.)
collective noun (which, though forming
‫( سلندر‬Fr. cylindre) silender pl. -āt cylinder (of
no nomen unitatis, has a broken plural);
an automobile, and the like)
‫ اسم الجنس الجمعي‬ism al-jins al-jam‘ī (gram.)
(‫ سلا )سلو‬salā u (‫ سلو‬sulūw, ‫ سلوان‬sulwān) and ‫سل‬ generic collective noun (which can form a
‫ ي‬saliya a (‫ سلي‬sulīy) to get rid of the nomen unitatis; e.g., rv. /lamam pigoons);
memory of (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫)عن‬, forget (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫عن‬ ‫ اسم الشارة‬ism al-išāra (gram.)
s.o., s.th.), think no more (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬of) II demonstrative pronoun; ‫( اسم التصغير‬gram.)
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) forget (‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.); to diminutive; ‫ اسم العدد‬ism al-‘adad (gram.)
comfort, console, solace (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ عن‬for the numeral; ‫ اسم المعنى‬ism al-ma‘nā (gram.)
loss of); to cheer up (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distract. abstract noun; ‫ اسم العين‬ism al-‘ain (gram.)
divert (‫ عن ه‬s.o.’s mind from); to amuse, concrete noun; ‫( اسم التفضيل‬gram.) elative;
entertain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to alleviate, dispel (‫هـ‬ ‫ اسم الفعل‬ism al-fi‘l (gram.) verbal noun,
worries and the like) IV = II V to delight, nomen verbi; ‫( اسم الفاعل‬gram.) nomen
take pleaure (‫ ب‬in), have a good time, agentis, active participle; ‫اسم المفعول‬
have fun, amuse o.s. (‫ ب‬with); to console (gram.) nomen patientis, passive
o.s. (‫ عن ب‬for s.th. 426 with), find comfort participle; ‫ اسم المرة‬ism al-marra (gram.)
(‫ عن ب‬for s.th. in); to seek distraction or nomen vicis; ‫( السماء الحسنى‬ḥusnā) the 99
diversion (‫ عن ب‬from s.th. in) names of God (Isl.); ‫ باسم فلن‬in s.o.’s
‫ سلوى‬salwā, sulwā solace, consolation, name, on behalf of s.o.; ‫ بسم ا‬in the name
comfort; fun, amusement, entertainment, of God; ‫تقدم الطلبات باسم رئيس الجمعية‬
distraction, diversion; pastime │ ‫هو في سلوة‬ (tuqaddamu ṭ-ṭalabāt) applications will be
‫‘( مَن العيش‬aiš) he leads a comfortable life addressed to the chairman of the society

‫ سلوى‬salwā consolation, solace, comfort ‫ اسمي‬ismī in name only, nominal,


titular; nominal (gram.) │ ‫مَبلغ اسمي‬
‫ سلوى‬salwā (n. un. ‫ )سلواة‬pl. ‫سلاوى‬ (mablag) nominal par; ‫( جملة اسمية‬jumla)
salāwā quail (zool.) nominal clause (gram.); ‫( قيمة اسمية‬qīma)
‫ سلوان‬sulwān forgetting, oblivion; nominal value, face value
consolation, solace, comfort 2
‫ سم‬samma u (samm) to put poison (‫ هـ‬into
‫ مَسلاة‬maslāh pl. ‫ مَسال‬masālin object of s.th.); to poison (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to poison
amusement; amusement, entertainment, (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be poisoned, poison o.s.
fun, distraction, diversion; solace, ‫ سم‬samm pl. ‫ سموم‬sumūm, ‫ سمام‬simām
consolation, comfort poison, toxin; venom; opening, hole; eye
(of a needle) │ ‫( السموم البيضاء‬baiḍā’) the ‫ ب ل‬s.o. s.th.); to allow, permit (‫ ان‬or ‫ب ل‬
white narcotics (such as cocaine, Heroin, s.o. s.th. or to do s.th.); to authorize,
etc.) empower (‫ ب ل‬s.o. to do s.th.) │ ‫لَ سمح ا‬
God forbid! II to act with kindness III to
‫ سموم‬samūm f., pl. ‫ سمائم‬samā’im2 hot
show o.s. tolerant (‫ ه‬with s.o., ‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬in),
wind, hot sandstorm, simoom
treat kindly, with indulgence (‫ في‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o.
‫ مَسام‬masāmm2, ‫ مَسامَات‬masāmmāt (pl.) in the matter of), forgive (‫ في‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o.
pores (of the skin) s.th.) VI to be indulgent, forbearing,
‫ مَسامَي‬masāmmī porous tolerant (‫ مَع في‬toward s.o. in), show good
will (‫ في‬in); to be not overparticular (‫في‬
‫ مَسامَية‬masāmmīya porousness, porosity in); to practice mutual tolerance X to ask
‫ تسمم‬tasammum poisoning, toxication; s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬permission; to ask forgiveness,
sepsis │ ‫( التسمم البولي‬baulī) uremia; ‫التسمم‬ apologize
‫( الدمَوي‬damawī) blood poisoning, toxemia ‫ سمح‬samḥ magnanimity, generosity;
‫ سام‬sāmm poisonous; toxic, toxicant; kindness; liberality, munificence
venomous 427 ‫ سمح‬samḥ pl. ‫ سماح‬simāḥ magnanimous,
‫ مَسموم‬masmūm poisoned; poisonous generous; kind; liberal, openhanded
‫ مَسم‬musimm poisonous; venomous; ‫ سماح‬samāḥ magnanimity, generosity;
toxic, toxicant kindness; liberality, munificence;
indulgence, forbearance, tolerance,
‫ سمانجوني‬samānjūnī sky-blue, azure, cerulean forgiveness, pardon; permission (‫ ب‬for, to
‫ سمباتوي‬simbātawī sympathetic (physiol.) do s.th.)
1
‫ سمت‬III to be on the other side of (‫)هـ‬, be ‫ سماحة‬samāḥa magnanimity; generosity;
opposite s.th. (‫)هـ‬, face s.th. (‫)هـ‬ kindness; liberality, munificence;
indulgence, forbearance, tolerance; ‫سماحته‬
‫ سمت‬samt pl. ‫ سموت‬sumūt way, road;
His Eminence, ‫ سماحة المفتي‬His Eminence
manner, mode; ‫ السمت‬azimuth (astron.) │
the Mufti (title of a mufti)
‫ سمت الرأس‬s. ar-ra’s zenith, vertex
(astron.); ‫ سمت الشمس‬s. aš-šams ecliptic ‫ سميح‬samīḥ pl. ‫ سمحاء‬sumahā’2
(astron.); ‫ سمت الَعتدال‬equinoctial colure generous, magnanimous; kind, forgiving;
(astron.); ‫ سمت القدم‬s. al-qadam nadir liberal, openhanded
(astron.); ‫ سمت الَنقلب‬solstitial colure ‫ الحنيفة السمحاء‬al-ḥanīfa as-samḥā’ the
(astron.); ‫ نظير السمت‬nadir (astron.); ‫اخذ‬ true and tolerant (religion. i.e., Islam)
‫ سمته الى‬to take the road to ...
2
‫ مَسامَحة‬musāmaḥa pardon, forgiveness;
‫ سمات‬pl. of ‫سمة‬, see ‫وسم‬ (pl. -āt) vacation, holidays
‫ سمج‬samuja to be ugly, disgusting, revolting II ‫ تسامَح‬tasāmuḥ indulgence, forbearance,
to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ugly or loath-some leniency, tolerance
‫ سمج‬samj pl. ‫ سماج‬simāj and samij pl. ‫سم‬ ‫ مَسموح به‬masmūḥ bihī allowed,
‫ اجى‬samājā ugly, disgusting, loathsome, permitted, permissible, admissible │ ‫مَسمو‬
revolting ‫ حات‬licenses, privileges, prerogatives
‫ سميج‬samīj pl. ‫ سماج‬simāj, ‫ سماجى‬samājā, ‫ مَتسامَح‬mutasāmiḥ indulgent, forbearing
‫ سمجاء‬samajā’2 ugly, disgusting, (‫ مَع‬toward), tolerant
loathsome, revolting
‫ سمحاق‬simḥāq pl. ‫ سماحق‬samāḥiq2 periosteum
‫ سماجة‬samāja ugliness, abominableness, (anat.)
odiousness
1
‫ سمد‬samada u (‫ سمود‬sumūd) to raise one’s
‫ سمح‬samuḥa u (samḥ, ‫ سماح‬samāḥ, ‫سماحة‬ head proudly, bear one’s head proudly
samāḥa) to be generous, magnanimous, erect (also with ‫ )الرأس‬II to dung, manure,
kind, liberal, openhanded; -- samaḥa a (‫سم‬ fertilize (‫ الرض‬the soil)
‫ اح‬samāḥ) to grant from a generous heart (
‫ سماد‬samād pl. ‫ اسمدة‬asmida dung, ‫ مَسامَر‬masāmir2 (pl.) evening or nightly
manure, fertilizer │ ‫( سماد صناعي‬ṣinā‘ī) entertainments (conversations, also
428 chemical fertilizer; ‫ سماد عضوي‬organic games, vocal recitals, storytelling, etc.)
fertilizer ‫ مَسمار‬mismār pl. ‫ مَسامَير‬masāmīr2 nail;
‫ تسميد‬tasmīd manuring, fertilizing peg; pin, tack, rivet; corn (on the toes)
‫ سامَد‬sāmid: ‫ سامَد الرأس‬s. ar-ra’s with ‫ الخط المسماري‬al-kaṭṭ al-mismārī
head erect cuneiform writing
‫ مَسمدات‬musammidāt fertilizers ‫ مَسامَرة‬musāmara nightly or evening
2 chat; conversation, talk, chat
□ ‫ سميد‬samīd (= ‫ )سميذ‬semolina (syr.); a kind
of biscuit or rusk, sometimes ring-shaped ‫ سامَر‬sāmir pl. ‫ سمار‬summār companion
and sprinkled with sesame seed (eg.) in nightly entertainment; causeur,
conversationalist; entertainer
‫ سمدور‬sumdūr pl. ‫ سمادير‬samādīr2 dizziness,
vertigo ‫ سوامَر‬sawāmir2 (pl.) evenings of
entertainment, social evenings; evening or
‫ سميذ‬samīd semolina
nightly entertainments (conversations,
1
‫ سمر‬samura u (‫ سمرة‬sumra) to be or turn also games, vocal recitals, storytelling,
brown; -- samara u (samr, ‫ سمور‬sumūr) to etc.)
chat in the evening or at night; to chat,
‫ مَسمر‬musammar fastened with nails,
talk (generally) II to nail, fasten with nails
nailed on, nailed down; provided, or
(‫ هـ الى‬s.th. to or on); to drive in (‫ المسمار‬al-
studded, with nails; hobnailed
mismār the nail) III to spend the night or
evening in pleasant conversation, chat at ‫ مَسامَر‬musāmir companion in nightly
night or in the evening (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to entertainment, conversation partner
converse, talk, chat(‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to be or 2
‫ السامَرة‬as-sāmira the Samaritans
get nailed down, be fastened with nails: to
stand as if pinned to the ground VI to ‫ سامَري‬sāmirī Samaritan; (pl. -ūn, ‫سمرة‬
spend the night or evening in pleasant samara) a Samaritan
conversation, chat with one another at 3
‫ سمور‬pl. ‫ سمامَير‬look up alphabetically
night or in the evening; to converse, talk,
chat IX = I samura ‫ سمرقند‬samarqand2 Samarkand (city in Uzbek
S.S.R.)
‫ سمر‬saar pl. ‫ اسمار‬asmār nightly, or
evening, chat; conversation, talk, chat; ‫ سمسر‬samsara to act as broker or middleman
night, darkness ‫ سمسرة‬samsara brokerage; caravansary
‫ سمرة‬sumra brownness, brown color ‫ سمسار‬simsār pl. ‫ سماسرة‬samāsira, ‫سماسر‬
‫ سمار‬samār (eg.) a variety of rush used samāsir2, ‫ سماسير‬samāsīr2 broker, jobber,
for plaiting mats (Juncus spinocus F., bot.) 429 middleman, agent │ ‫ سمسار السهم‬s. al-
│ ‫( سمار هندي صلب‬hindī ṣulb) a variety of ashum stockbroker
bamboo ‫ سمسيرة‬samsīra (ir.) go-between, match-
‫ سمير‬samīr companion in nightly maker
entertainment, conversation partner; ‫ سمط‬samaṭa u (samṭ) to scold (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
entertainer in general, with stories, songs, prepare (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
music, amusing improvisations)
‫ سمط‬simṭ pl. ‫ سموط‬sumūṭ string, thread
‫ سميرة‬samīra woman partner in nightly (of a pearl necklace)
or evening conversation; woman
entertainer; woman companion (who ‫ سماط‬simāṭ pl. -āt, ‫ سمط‬sumuṭ, ‫اسمطة‬
entertains with lively conversation) asmiṭa cloth on which food is served;
meal, repast
‫ اسمر‬asmar2, f. ‫ سمراء‬samrā’2, pl. ‫سمر‬
sumr brown; tawny; pl. ‫ سمراوات‬samrāwāt
brown-skinned women
‫ مَسمط‬masmaṭ pl. ‫ مَسامَط‬masāmiṭ2 receiving (e.g., of a verdict); (gram. and
scalding house (where the carcasses of lex.) generally accepted usage
slaughtered animals are scalded) ‫ سماعي‬samā‘ī acoustic; acoustical;
O ‫ مَسمط‬mismaṭ pl. ‫ مَسامَط‬masāmiṭ2 vine audible; (gram. and lex.) sanctioned by
prop common usage; derived from tradition,
traditional, unwritten (Isl. Law)
‫ سمع‬sami‘a a (sam‘, ‫ سماع‬samā‘, ‫ سماعة‬samā‘a,
‫ مَسمع‬masma‘) to hear (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫ ب‬of ‫ سماعيات‬samā‘īyāt acoustics (phys.)
or about s.th.; ‫ هـ مَن‬s.th. from s.o.); to ‫ سميع‬samī‘ pl. ‫ سمعاء‬suma‘ā’2 hearing,
learn, be told (‫ هـ مَن‬of or about s.th. from listening; hearer, listener; ‫ السميع‬the All-
s.o.); to listen, pay attention (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to hearing (one of the 99 attributes of God)
s.th.; ‫ مَن‬to s.o.), hear s.o. (‫ )مَن‬out; to learn
by hearsay (‫ ب‬about s.th.); to overhear (‫ب‬ ‫ سماعة‬sammā‘a pl. -āt earphone;
s.th.); to give ear, lend one’s ear (‫ الى‬or ‫ل‬ earpiece; (telephone) receiver;
to s.o., to s.th.) │ ‫( لم يسمع به‬yusma‘) stethoscope; ear trumpet; knocker, rapper
unheard-of II to make or let (‫ ه‬s.o.) hear ( (of a door)
‫ هـ‬s.th.), give (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. s.th.) to hear; to ‫ مَسمع‬masma‘ earshot, hearing distance
recite (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to say (‫ هـ‬one’s lesson); to │ ‫ على مَسمع مَن‬in the hearing of, within
dishonor, discredit (‫ ب‬s.o.) IV to make or earshot of; ‫ على مَسمع مَنه‬for him to hear, so
let (‫ ه‬s.o.) hear (‫ ه‬s.th.), give (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. s.th.) that he could hear it
to hear; to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ هـ‬s.th. or
about s.th.), tell (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. about s.th.) V to ‫ مَسمع‬misma‘ pl. ‫ مَسامَع‬masāmi‘2 ear; O
give ear, listen, lend one’s ear (‫ ل‬,‫ الى‬to stethoscope; (telephone) receiver │ 430
s.o., to s.th.); to eavesdrop, listen ‫ على مَسامَعهم‬in their hearing, for them to
(secretly) VI ‫ تسامَع به الناس‬people heard hear
about him from one another, word about ‫ مَسمعة‬misma‘a earpiece; (telephone)
him got around, he became known among receiver
people VIII to hear, overhear (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
listen, listen closely, give ear, lend one’s ‫ سامَع‬sāmi‘ pl. -ūn hearer, listener
ear (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o. or s.th.); to ‫ مَسموع‬masmū‘ audible, perceptible │
eavesdrop; to auscultate (‫ على‬s.o.) ‫ مَسموع الكلمة‬m. al-kalima one whose word
‫ سمع‬sam‘ hearing, sense of hearing, carries weight, is paid attention to
audition; ears; (pl. ‫ اسماع‬asmā‘) ear │ ‫شاهد‬ ‫ مَستمع‬mustami‘ pl. -ūn hearer, listener;
‫ السمع‬earwitness; ‫ السمع والطاعة‬as-sam‘u pl. ‫ المستمعون‬the audience
wa-ṭ-ṭā‘a and ‫ سمعا وطاعة‬sam‘an wa 1
‫ سمق‬samaqa u (‫ سموق‬sumūq) to be high, tall,
ṯā‘atan I hear and obey! at your service!
lofty, tower up
very well! ‫ تحت سمعهم‬in their hearing, for
them to hear; ‫ استرق السمع‬istaraqa s-sam‘a ‫ سموق‬samūq very high, towering; tall
to eavesdrop; to monitor, intercept; ‫القى‬ and lanky
‫( بسمعه اليه‬alqā) to listen to s.o.; ‫مَد سمعه‬ ‫ سامَق‬sāmiq very high, lofty, towering
madda sam‘ahū to prick up one’s ears
2
‫ سماق‬summāq sumac (Rhus; bot.); its highly
‫ سمعي‬sam‘ī auditory, auditive, hearing acid seeds which, after being dried and
(used attributively); acoustic; acoustical; ground, serve, together with thyme, as a
traditional │ ‫‘ علم السمعيات‬ilm as-sam‘īyāt condiment
acoustics
‫ حجر سماقي‬ḥajar summāqī porphyry
‫ سمعة‬sum‘a reputation (specif., good
reputation), credit, standing, name │ ‫حميد‬ ‫ سمك‬II to make thick, thicken (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ )حسن( السمعة‬hamīd (ḥasan) reputable, ‫ سمك‬samk roof, ceiling
respectable; ‫ رديء )سيء( السمعة‬radī’
(sayyi’) ill-reputed, disreputable ‫ سمك‬sumk thickness

‫ سماع‬samā‘ hearing, listening, listening


in; auditioning, audition; hearing,
‫ سمك‬samak (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫سماك‬ ‫ سمون‬summūn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫سمامَن‬
simāk, ‫ اسماك‬asmāk fish │ ‫ سمك مَوسى‬s. samāmin2 quail (zool.)
mūsā plaice (zool.) ‫ سمين‬samīn pl. ‫ سمان‬simān fat;
‫ سمكة‬samaka (n. un.) a fish; ‫ السمكة‬the corpulent, plump, fleshy, stout, obese
Fish, Pisces (astron.) ‫ سمان‬summān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬quail
‫ سمكي‬samakī fish-like, fishy, piscine, (zool.)
fish (adj.) ‫ سمان‬sammān butter merchant
‫ سماك‬simāk: ‫ السماكان‬as-simākān ‫ سمانة‬samāna: ‫ سمانة الرجل‬s. ar-rijl calf
Arcturus and Spica Virginis (astron.) │ ‫الس‬ of the leg
‫ ماك الرامَح‬Arcturus (astron.); ‫السماك العزل‬
(a‘zal) Spice Virginis (astron.); ‫حلق الى‬ ‫ سمانى‬sumānā (coll.; n. un. ‫سماناة‬
‫( السماكين‬ḥallaqa) to have high-flown sumānāh) pl. ‫ سمانيات‬sumānayāt quail
aspirations (zool.)
‫ سماك‬sammāk fishmonger; fisherman, ‫ مَسمن‬musamman fat 431
fisher ‫( سمنتو‬Sp. cemento) cement
‫ سميك‬samīk thick ‫ سمنجوني‬samanjūnī and ‫ سمانجوني‬samānjūnī
‫ سماكة‬samāka thickness sky-blue, azure, cerulean
‫ مَسامَك‬masāmik2 fish stores, sea-food ‫ سمندر‬samandar salamander
stores ‫ سمندل‬samandal salamander
‫ سمكرة‬samkara tinsmith’s trade, tinsmithing ‫ سمهوري‬samhūrī tall and husky, extremely tall,
‫ سمكري‬samkarī tinsmith, tinner, white- of giant stature (‫ ;)القامَة السمهورية‬spear
smith (originally epithet of a strong, tough
spear)
‫ سمكرية‬samkarīya trade or work of a
tinsmith, tinsmithing ‫ سمة‬sima see ‫وسم‬
‫ سمل‬samala u (saml) to gouge, scoop (‫ سما )سمو‬samā u (‫ سمو‬sumūw) to be high,
out, tear out (‫‘ عينه‬ainahū s.o.’s eye); -- elevated, raised, erect, lofty, tall, eminent,
samala u (‫ سمول‬sumūl, ‫ سمولة‬sumūla) to be prominent; to rise high, tower up; to be
worn, tattered, in rags (garment) IV to be above or beyond s.th. or s.o. (‫)عن‬, rise
worn, tattered, in rags (garment) VIII to above, tower above (‫ ;)عن‬to be too proud
gouge, scoop out, tear out (‫‘ عينه‬ainahū (or for); to be too high or difficult (‫ عن‬for
s.o.’s eye) s.o.), be or go beyond the understanding
of s.o. (‫)عن‬, exceed s.o.’s (‫)عن‬
‫ سمل‬samal pl. ‫ اسمال‬asmāl worn understanding; to rise (‫ الى‬to, ‫ على‬above or
garment; tatters, rags; last remainder of a beyond); to be higher (‫ على‬than); to strive
liquid in a vessel │ ‫ شرب الكأس حتى السمل‬to (‫ الى‬for), aspire (‫ الى‬to, after) │ ‫ سما به‬to
drain the cup to the dregs lift, raise, elevate, elevate load up, bring
‫ سمن‬samina a (siman, ‫ سمانة‬samāna) to be or up s.o. or s.th. (‫ الى‬to); to buoy s.o. up,
become fat, corpulent, obese, stout, boost, encourage s.o. III to seek to surpass
plump, fleshy, put on weight II and IV to or excel (‫ ه‬s.o.): to vie for superiority or
make fat or plump, fatten (‫ ه‬s.o.) glory (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to lift, raise, elevate,
erect, load up, bring up (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) VI
‫ سمن‬samn pl. ‫ سمون‬sumūn clarified
to vie with one another for glory; to be
butter, cooking butter
high, elevated, raised, erect, lofty, tall,
‫ سمن‬siman fatness, plumpness, eminent, prominent; to rise high, tower
fleshiness, stoutness, corpulence; obesity up; to be above or beyond s.th. or s.o. (
‫ سمنة‬simna fatness, plumpness, ‫)عن‬, rise above, tower above (‫ ;)عن‬to claim
fleshiness, stoutness, corpulence; obesity to be higher in rank (‫ على‬than s.o. else),
claim to be above s.o. (‫ ;)على‬to deem o.s.
highly superior
‫ سمو‬sumūw height, altitude; ‫ مَسمى‬musamman named, called, by
exaltedness, loftiness, eminence, highness name of; -- (pl. ‫ مَسميات‬musammayāt)
│ ‫ سمو الدوق‬His Grace the Duke; ‫صاحب‬ designation, appellation, name; sense,
‫( السمو الملكى‬malakī) His Royal Highness; meaning (of a word) │ ‫الى أجل مَسمى‬
‫ صاحبة السمو الملكي‬Her Royal Highness; ‫سمو‬ (ajalin) for a limited period, ‫الى أجل غير‬
‫ الخلق‬nobility of character ‫ مَسمى‬for an indefinite time, sine die, until
further notice
‫ سماء‬samā’ m. and f., pl. (‫سماوات )سموات‬
2
samāwāt heaven, sky; firmament │ ‫سماء‬ ‫ سنة‬sana pl. ‫ سنون‬sinūn, ‫ سنوات‬sanawāt year │
‫ السماوات‬the highest heaven ‫( سنة مَحمدية‬muḥammadīya) Mohammedan
year; ‫ سنة كبيسة‬leap year; ‫سنة مَسيحية‬
‫ سمائي‬samā’ī heavenly, celestial; sky,
(masīḥīya) year of the Christian era, A.D.;
blue, azure, cerulean
‫( سنة هجرية‬hijrīya) year of the Muslim era
‫ سماوي‬samāwī heavenly, celestial; sky, (after the hegira), A.H.; ‫سنة مَيلدية‬
blue, azure, cerulean; descended from (mīlādīya) year of the Christian era, A.D.
heaven; open-air, outdoor, (being) under
‫ سنوي‬sanawī annual, yearly; ‫سنويا‬
the open sky; divine, pertaining to God
sanawīyan annually, yearly, in one year,
and religion
per year, per annum
‫ سمي‬samīy high, elevated; exalted,
‫ مَسانهة‬musānahatan annually, yearly
lofty, sublime, august
2
‫ سنة‬sina see ‫وسن‬
‫ اسمى‬asmā higher, farther up, above;
3
more exalted, higher (in rank), more ‫ سن‬sanna u (sann) to sharpen, whet, hone,
eminent, loftier, more sublime grind (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to mold, shape, form (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to prescribe, introduce, enact,
‫ سام‬sāmin pl. ‫ سماة‬sumāh high, elevated;
establish (‫ هـ‬a law, a custom) │ ‫ سن قانونا‬to
exalted, lofty, eminent, sublime, august │ ‫ا‬
enact, or pass, a law II to sharpen, whet,
‫( مَر سام‬amr) royal decree; ‫ المندوب السامَي‬the
hone, grind (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to indent, jag, notch
High Commissioner
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to grow teeth, cut one’s teeth,
‫ سمور‬sammūr pl. ‫ سمامَير‬samāmīr2 sable teethe; to grow old, to age; to be advanced
(Martes zibellina; zool.) in years VIII to clean and polish one’s
‫ سمى‬II to name, call, designate, denominate (,‫هـ‬ teeth with the ‫ ;سواك‬to take, follow (‫ هـ‬a
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th., ‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬by or with a name), course or way); to prescribe, introduce,
give a name (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to title, enact, establish (‫ هـ‬a law, a custom) │ ‫استن‬
entitle (‫ هـ‬or ‫ هـ ب‬s.th. as or with); to ‫( سنة مَحمد‬sunnata m.) to follow the Sunna
nominate, appoint (‫ ه ل‬s.o. to s.th.); to of Mohammed
pronounce the name of God by saying ‫بسم‬ ‫ سن‬sann prescription, introduction,
‫( ا │ سمى ا عليه‬sammā llāha) or ‫سمى عليه‬ enactment, issuance (of laws)
to invoke God over s.th. by saying ‫بسم ا‬
‫ سن‬sinn f., pl. ‫ اسنان‬asnān, ‫ اسنة‬asinna, ‫ا‬
IV to name, call, designate, denominate (‫هـ‬
‫ سن‬asunn tooth (also, e.g., of a comb; of a
‫ ه‬, s.o., s.th., ‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬by or with a name),
saw blade); jag; cog, sprocket, prong; tusk
give a name (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to title,
(of an elephant, of a boar, etc.); fang (of a
entitle (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬as or with) V to be
snake, etc.); point, tip (of a nail), nib (of a
called, be named │ ‫ تسمى بزيد‬he was
pen); (pl. ‫ اسنان‬asnān) age (of a person); --
named Zaid, he called himself Zaid
(eg.) coarse flour, seconds │ ‫ سن الرشد‬s.
‫ اسم‬ism see 1‫سم‬ ar-rušd legal age, majority; ‫ سن الفيل‬s. al-
‫ سمى‬samīy namesake fīl ivory; ‫ صغير السن‬young; ‫ كبير السن‬old;
‫ طعن في السن‬to be advanced in years, be
‫ تسمية‬tasmiya pl. -āt naming, aged; ‫( تقدمَت به السن‬taqaddamat) to grow
appellation, designation, name, older, to age; to be advanced in years
denomination; nomenclature; = ‫بسمل‬
basmala (use of the formula ‫ )بسم ا‬432 ‫ سنة‬sunna pl. ‫ سنن‬sunan habitual
practice, customary procedure or action,
norm, usage sanctioned by tradition; ‫السنة‬
or ‫ سنة النبي‬s. an-nabīy the Sunna of the ‫ سنبلي‬sunbulī spiciform, spicat, shaped
Prophet, i.e., his sayings and doings, later like a spike or ear (bot.)
established as legally binding precedents ‫ سنبوسك‬sanbūsik, sanbūsak (syr., ir.) triangular
(in addition to the Law established by the meat pie with a wavy bread crust
Koran) │ ‫ اهل السنة‬ahl as-s. the Sunnites,
the orthodox Muslims; ‫ سنة الطبيعة‬law of ‫ سنت‬cent
nature ‫ سنتمتر‬satimitr pl. -āt centimeter
‫ سني‬sunnī Sunnitic; (pl. -ūn) Sunnite, 1
‫ سنجة‬sanja pl. ‫ سنج‬sinaj, ‫ سنج‬sanajāt weight
Sunni (placed as a counterpoise on the scales of
‫ سنن‬sanan customary practice, usage, a balance)
habit, rule 2
‫ سنجة‬singa (from Turk. süngü) pl. ‫ سنج‬sinag
‫ سنان‬sinān pl. ‫ اسنة‬asinna spearhead bayonet (eg.)
3
‫ سنون‬sanūn tooth powder ‫ سناج‬sināj soot, smut
‫ اسن‬asann2 older, farther advanced in ‫ سنجاب‬sinjāb gray squirrel; fur of the gray
years squirrel
‫ مَسن‬misann pl. -āt, ‫ مَسان‬masann ‫ سنجابي‬sinjābī ash-colored, ashen, gray
whetstone, grindstone; razor strop ‫ سنجق‬sanjaq pl. ‫ سناجق‬sanājiq2 standard, flag,
‫ مَسنون‬masnūn prescribed (as Sunna), banner; sanjak, administrative district and
sanctioned by law and custom; sharpened, subdivision of a vilayet (in the Ottoman
whetted, honed; tapered; pointed (e.g., Empire)
mustache, features); stinking, fetid (mire) ‫ سنح‬sanaḥa a (sunḥ, sunūḥ, ‫ سنوح‬sunūḥ) to
‫ مَسنن‬musannan toothed, serrated, occur (‫ ل‬to s.o.), come to s.o,’s mind (‫ل‬,
dentate, denticulate, indented, jagged; idea, thought); to present itself, offer itself
pointed, sharp; sharp-featured (‫ ل‬to s.o., esp. an opportunity); to afford (
(countenance) ‫ ب ل‬s.o s.th.); -- to dissuade (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from
his opinion), argue or reason (‫ عن ه‬s.o. out
‫ مَسننة‬musannana pl. -āt cogwheel of his opinion)
‫ مَسن‬musinn pl. ‫ مَسان‬masānn2 old, aged, ‫ سانح‬sāniḥ pl. ‫ سوانح‬sawāniḥ2 turning its
advanced in years; of legal age, legally right side toward the viewer (game or
major bird); auspicious, propitious; favorable,
‫ سنا‬see 433 ‫سنو‬ good (opportunity); pl. ‫ سوانح‬auspices,
good omens, auspicious signs; ideas,
‫ سنارة‬sinnāra pl. ‫ سنانير‬sanānīr2 fishing tackle;
thoughts
fishhook
‫ سانحة‬sāniḥa opportunity
‫ سنباذج‬sanbādaj grindstone, whetstone; emery
‫ سنخ‬sink pl. ‫ اسناخ‬asnāk, ‫ سنوخ‬sunūk root,
‫ سنبوق‬sunbūq pl. ‫ سنابيق‬sanābiq2 barge, skiff,
origin; alveolus, gingival margin of a
boat
tooth (anat.)
1
‫ سنبك‬sunbuk pl. ‫ سنابك‬sanābik2 toe of the hoof;
‫ سنخ‬sanak rankness (of oil). fustiness
hoof; awl, punch, borer
2 ‫ سنخ‬sanik rank, rancid (oil), fusty
‫ سنبك‬sunbuk pl. ‫ سنابك‬sanābik and ‫سنبوك‬
sunbūk pl. ‫ سنابيك‬sanābīk2 barge, skiff, boat ‫ سناخة‬sanāka rankness (of oil), fustiness
1
‫ سنبل‬sunbul (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt, ‫سنابل‬ ‫ سند‬sanada u (‫ سنود‬sunūd) to support o.s., prop
sanābil2 ear, spike (of grain); ‫ السنبلة‬Virgo o.s. rest (‫ الى‬on, upon), lean, recline (‫الى‬
(astron.) │ ‫( السنبل الرومَي‬rūmī) Celtic upon, against) II to support, stay, prop,
spikenard (Nardus celtica; bot.); ‫السنبل‬ lean (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to support, back, assist,
‫( الهندي‬hindī) Indian spikenard help, aid (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) rest (
(Nardotachys jatamansi; bot.) ‫ الى‬on); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) lean or recline (‫الى‬
against, on); to lean (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. against); to
rest, support, prop (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. on); to base, ‫ استناد‬istinād leaning (‫ الى‬against or
found (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. on); (science of Islamic upon); dependence (‫ الى‬on) │ ‫استنادا الى‬
traditions:) to base a tradition (‫ )هـ‬on s.o. ( based on, on the basis of, on the strength
‫ )الى‬as its first authority, i.e., to trace back of
the ascription of a tradition. in ascending ‫ مَسند‬musnad pl. ‫ مَساند‬masānid2 (science
order of the traditionaries, to its first of Islamic traditions:) a tradition the
authority so as to corroborate its ascription of which is traceable, in
credibility; (gram.) to lean a term (‫)هـ‬ (uninterrupted) ascending order of the
upon another (‫ )الى‬being the subject of the traditionaries, to its first authority; mesh;
sentence, i.e., to predicate it, make it its ‫ المسند‬predicate (gram.); ‫ المسند اليه‬subject
predicate; to entrust (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to (gram.)
s.o.). vest (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى هـ‬s.th. in s.o.); to
attribute, ascribe (‫ هـ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o. s.th.); ‫ مَستند‬mustanid relying, in reliance ( ,‫الى‬
to incriminate, charge (‫ هـ الى‬s.o. with); to ‫ على‬on), trusting (‫ على‬,‫ الى‬to)
lean (‫ الى‬against, to, on), rest (‫ الى‬on); to be ‫ مَستند‬mustanad reason, cause; motive;
based, he founded (‫ الى‬on) │ ‫اسند التهمة الى‬ -- (pl. -āt) document, paper, deed, legal
(tuhma) to direct one’s suspicion on 434 instrument; voucher, record; receipt; pl.
or toward ...; ‫( اسند التهمة الى‬usnidat) (documentary) proof, records, data; legal
suspicion fell on ... VI to support one evidence (jur.) │ ‫ دار المستندات‬archives,
another, give mutual support; to support office of public records; ‫ مَستندات الشحن‬m.
o.s. lean, rest; to trust, rely VIII to lean, aš-šaḥn bills of lading
recline, be recumbent (‫ الى‬,‫ على‬against, 2
on); to rest one’s arms, one’s weight ( ,‫على‬ ‫ السند‬as-sind region extending along the lower
‫ الى‬on), support one’s weight (‫ الى‬,‫ على‬by); course and delta of the Indus river; the
to be based, be founded (‫ الى‬,‫ على‬on); to province of Sind, of West Pakistan, with
rely (‫ الى‬,‫ على‬on), trust, have confidence ( the capital city Karachi; the inhabitants of
‫ الى‬,‫ على‬in); to use as (documentary) basis this region
(‫على‬, s.th.), rest one’s case on (‫سند )على‬ ‫ سندروس‬sandarūs sandarac (a resin obtained
sanad pl. -āt, ‫ اسناد‬asnād support, prop, from the sandarac tree, Callitris
stay, rest, back; backing; (pl. ‫)اسناد‬ quadrivalvis)
ascription (of an Islamic tradition), the
(uninterrupted) chain of authorities on ‫ سندس‬sundus silk brocade, sarcenet
which a tradition is based │ ‫سندات خشبية‬ ‫ سندسي‬sundusī (made) of silk brocade or
(kašabīya) wooden struts, wood bracing; sarcenet
-- (pl. -āt) document, deed, paper, legal
‫( سندال = سندان‬see above)
instrument; voucher, record; commercial,
or negotiable, paper, security, bond; ‫ سنديان‬sindiyān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬evergreen oak,
debenture, promissory note, note of hand, holm oak (Quercus ilex; bot.)
debenture bond │ ‫ سند شحن البضائع‬s. saḥn ‫ سندياني‬sindiyānī oaken; like oak. oaky
al-b. bill of lading; ‫ رجال السند‬informants,
authorities, sources ‫( سنديك‬Fr. syndic) sandīk syndic, agent of a
corporation
‫ سندان‬sandān, sindān pl. ‫ سنادين‬sanādīn2
1
anvil ‫ سنور‬sinnaur, pl. ‫ سنانير‬sanānīr2 cat
2
‫ مَسند‬musnad, masnad pl. ‫ مَساند‬masānid2 ‫ سنارة‬sinnāra pl. ‫ سنانير‬sanānīr2 fishing tackle,
support, prop, stay; rest, back (of an fishhook
armchair); cushion, pillow ‫ السنسكريتية‬as-sanskrītīya Sanskrit
‫ اسناد‬isnād pl. ‫ اسانيد‬asānīd2 ascription 1
‫ سنط‬sanṭ a variety of sant tree (Acacia
(of an Islamic tradition), the nilotica; bot.)
(uninterrupted) chain of authorities on 2
which a tradition is based; ‫اسانيد‬ ‫سنطة‬sanṭa (eg.) wart
(documentary) proof, vouchers, records, ‫ سنطور‬sanṭūr dulcimer (= ‫)سنطير‬
documents
‫ سنطير‬sinṭīr, sanṭīr psalter; dulcimer lightning); exaltedness, sublimity, majesty,
high rank
‫ سنغافومَرة‬singāfūra Singapore
‫ سني‬sanīy high, sublime, exalted,
‫ سنغال‬sinigāl
splendid more shining, more radiant, more
‫ سنف‬sinf (coll.; n. un. m) pod, capsule, hull brilliant
(bot.)
‫ سانية‬sāniya pl. ‫ سوان‬sawānin water
‫ سنفرة‬sanfara emery scoop
‫ سنكرى‬sankarī pl. ‫ سناكرة‬sanākira tinsmith, ‫ مَسناة‬musannāh pl. ‫ مَسنيات‬musannayāt
tinsman, tinner, whitesmith jetty, dam
‫ سنكسار‬sinaksār synaxarion, martyrologium ‫( سنودس‬Gr. σύνοδος) sinōdos synod
(Chr.)
‫ سنونو‬sanūnū swallow (zool.)
‫( سنكة‬Turk. süngü) sənge bayonet (syr.)
‫ سنوي‬sanawī annual, yearly; ‫ سنويا‬sanawīyan
‫ سنكونا‬sinkūnā cinchona (bot.) annually. yearly, per year, per annum
‫ سنم‬V to ascend, mount, scale (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫تسنم‬ ‫ سهب‬IV to speak at great length, talk in detail (
‫( ذروة المعالي‬darwat l-ma‘ālī) to attain to ‫ عن‬about, of), enlarge, elaborate,
greatest honors expatiate, dilate (‫ عن‬on)
‫ سنمة‬sanama height, summit, peak ‫ سهب‬suhb pl. ‫ سهوب‬suhūb level country;
‫ سنام‬sanām pl. ‫ اسنمة‬asnima hump (of steppe region
the camel) ‫ اسهاب‬ishāb elaboration, elaborateness,
‫ مَاء التسنيم‬mā’ at-tasnīm the beverage of expatiation, long-windedness, prolixity │
the blessed in Paradise ‫ باسهاب‬elaborately, in detail, at length,
lengthily
‫ تسنم‬tasannum accession to the throne
‫ مَسهب‬mushib, mushab prolix, long-
‫ مَسنم‬musannam convex, vaulted, arched winded, lengthy, detailed, elaborate
1
‫ سنمار‬sinimmār2: ‫ جزاه جزاء سنمار‬jazāhu jazā’ s. ‫ سهد‬sahida a (sahad) to be sleepless, find no
he repaid him as they had repaid S., i.e., sleep n to make sleepless, keep awake,
he requited evil with good deprive of sleep (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I
2
‫ سنمورة‬sanamūra anchovy; salted and smoked ‫ سهد‬suhd sleeplessness, insomnia
fish
1
‫ سهد‬suhud insomniac
‫ سنه‬V to become stale, spoil (food)
2
‫ سهاد‬suhād sleeplessness, insomnia
‫ مَسانهة‬musānahatan annually, yearly
1
‫ ساهد‬sāhid sleepless, awake 436
‫ سنا‬sanā, ‫ سنا مَكى‬s. makkī, ‫ سنا مَكة‬s. maka (bot.)
senna (tree), senna leaflets (pharm.) ‫ سهر‬sahara a (sahar) to be sleepless, find no
2
sleep, pass the night awake (also with
‫ )سنو‬and ‫ سني( سنا‬sanā u (‫ سناء‬sanā’) to gleam, ‫ ;)الليل‬to stay up at night, spend the night (
shine, glisten, be resplendent, radiate; to ‫ على‬in or with some activity); to watch (
flash (lightning) II to facilitate, ease, make ‫ على‬over), guard (‫ على‬s.o.’s interests, etc.),
easy (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be easy, be possible, be look after (‫)على‬, attend to (‫ على‬s.o.’s
feasible (‫ ل‬for or to s.o.), be rendered interests, etc.) │ ‫ سهر في حفلة‬to attend a
possible or feasible (‫ ل‬for s.o.), be put in gathering in the evening or at night IV to
s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬power; to rise, be elevated, be make sleepless, keep awake (‫ ه‬s.o.)
exalted
‫ سهر‬sahar sleeplessness, insomnia;
‫ سنى‬and ‫ سنا‬sanan brilliance, wakefulness, vigil; watchfulness,
resplendence, splendor, flare, flash, vigilance (‫ على‬over) │ ‫ طال عنده سهري‬I
sparkle spent a long evening with him
‫ سناء‬sanā’ brilliance, resplendence,
splendor, radiance, flash, flare (of
‫ سهرة‬sahra pl. saharāt evening; evening ‫ سهل الهضم‬s. al-haḍm easily digestible,
party, evening gathering, evening show or light; ‫‘( عملة سهل‬umla) soft currency; ‫كان‬
performance, soiree │ ‫( سهرة ليلية‬lailīya) ‫ مَن السهل عليه‬to be easy for s.o., come easy
do.; ‫ ثياب )لباس( السهرة‬evening dress, formal to s.o.; ‫ اهل وسهلا‬see ‫اهل‬
dress O ‫ سهلة‬sahla (proof) planer (typ.)
‫ سهران‬sahrān sleepless, awake, ‫ سهيل‬suhail Canopus (astron.)
wakeful; watchful, vigilant
‫ سهل‬sahūl purgative, laxative, aperient
‫ سهار‬suhār sleeplessness, insomnia; (adj. and n.)
wakefulness, vigil
‫ سهولة‬suhūla easiness, ease, facility,
‫ سهار‬sahhār one who is habitually up convenience │ ‫ بسهولة‬easily, conveniently
and abroad at night, a nighthawk
‫ اسهل‬ashal smoother, evener, leveler;
O ‫ اسهر‬ashar spermatic duct (anat.) easier; more convenient
‫ مَسهر‬mashar pl. ‫ مَساهر‬masāhir2 ‫ تسهيل‬tashīl pl. -āt facilitation
nightclub
‫ اسهال‬ishāl diarrhea
‫ ساهر‬sāhir sleepless, awake, wakeful;
watchful, vigilant; evening, night, ‫ تساهل‬tasāhul indulgence, mildness,
nocturnal, nightly, taking place by night │ leniency, forbearance, tolerance;
‫( حفلة ساهرة‬ḥafla) evening party, evening carelessness, negligence
gathering, evening show or performance, ‫ مَسهل‬musahhil purgative, laxative,
soirée aperient; (pl. -āt) a purgative, a laxative
‫ سهف‬sahifa a (sahaf) to be very thirsty 437
‫ سهف‬suhāf violent thirst ‫ مَسهل‬mushal suffering from diarrhea
‫ سهل‬sahula u (‫ سهولة‬suhūla) to be smooth, ‫ مَتساهل‬mutasāhil indulgent, mild,
level, even (ground); to be or become lenient, forbearing, tolerant
easy, facile, convenient (‫ على‬for) │ ‫لَ يسهل‬ ‫ مَستسهل‬mustashal easy, facile
‫ ان‬hardly ... II to smooth, level, even (‫هـ‬
the ground); to facilitate, make easy, ease ( ‫ سهم‬sahama u (‫ سهوم‬suhūm) to look grave, have
‫ هـ ل‬or ‫ على‬for s.o. s.th.); to provide, a grave expression III to cast, or draw, lots
furnish, supply (‫ هـ ل‬or ‫ على‬s.o. with (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to participate, take part (‫في‬
facilities); (gram.) to read without hamzah in), partake (‫ في‬of s.th.), share (‫ في‬s.th.) IV
(‫ هـ‬a word) ill to be indulgent, mild, to give a share (‫ في ل‬to s.o. in), make s.o. (
forbearing, obliging (‫ ه‬toward s.o.), show ( ‫ )ل‬share s.th. (‫)في‬
‫ ه‬s.o.) one’s good will │ ‫ساهل نفسه‬ ‫ سهم‬sahm pl. ‫ سهام‬sihām, ‫ اسهم‬ashum, ‫سه‬
(nafsahū) to take liberties IV to purge ‫ وم‬suhūm arrow; dart; -- (pl. ‫ اسهم‬ashum)
(med.); to relieve (‫ هـ‬the constipated portion, share, lot; share (of stock);
bowels, said of a medicine); pass. ushila sahme, a square measure of 7.293 m2 (Eg.)
to be relieved (said of constipated │ ‫ سهم ناري‬rocket; ‫ اسهم التأسيس‬founders'
bowels), have a bowel movement, have shares, original shares; ‫ اسهم القرض‬a. al-
diarrhea V to be or become easy (‫ ل‬for) VI qarḍ bonds, government bonds; ‫حملة السهم‬
to be indulgent, mild, forbearing, obliging, ḥ al-a. shareholders, stockholders; ‫نفذ السهم‬
tolerant (‫ مَع‬toward s.o., also ‫ ;)ل‬to be the die is cast; ‫ضرب بسهم مَصيب في‬
negligent, careless (‫ ل‬in s.th.) X to deem (muṣībin) to take an active part in,
easy, think to be easy (‫ هـ‬s.th.) participate actively in ...; ‫ضرب بسهم ونصيب‬
‫ سهل‬sahl and sāhil smooth, level, even, ‫( في‬wa-naṣībin) do.
soft (ground); easy, facile, convenient (‫على‬ ‫ سهوم‬suhūm graveness; sadness,
for s.o.); simple, plain; fluent, flowing, mourning
facile (style); -- (pl. ‫ سهول‬suhūl) level, soft
ground; plain │ ‫ سهل الَستعمال‬handy, easy ‫ اسهمي‬ashumī share-, stock- (in
to handle or to use, convenient for use; compounds)
‫ مَساهمة‬musāhama participation, taking badly of s.o., have a poor opinion of s.o.; ‫ا‬
part (‫ في‬in), sharing (‫ في‬of) │ ‫شركة المساهمة‬ ‫ ساء التعبير‬to choose a poor expression,
širkat al-m. joint-stock company, express o.s. poorly; ‫ اساء استعماله‬to misuse,
corporation abuse s.th.; ‫( اساء مَعامَلته‬mu‘āmalatahū) to
mistreat s.o., treat s.o. badly; ‫اساء الفهم‬
‫ ساهم‬sāhim with earnest mien,
(fahma) to misunderstand VIII to go
gravefaced
through rugged times, fall on evil days; to
‫ مَسمهم‬musāhim shareholder, be unpleasantly affected; to be offended,
stockholder 438 hurt, annoyed, indignant, upset,
angered, displeased (‫ مَن‬about, at, by); to
be dissatisfied, discontent (‫ مَن‬with); to
(‫ سها )سهو‬sahā u (sahw, suhūw) to be take amiss (‫ مَن‬s.th.)
inattentive, absent-minded, distracted; to
neglect, omit, forget, overlook (‫ عن‬s.th.) │ ‫ سوء‬sū’ pl. ‫ اسواء‬aswā’ evil, ill; iniquity,
‫ سهى عليه‬suhiya ‘alaihi to be lost in injury, offense; calamity, misfortune │ ‫سوء‬
thought ‫ البخت‬s. al-bakt misfortune, bed luck; ‫سوء‬
‫ الحظ‬s. al-ḥaẓẓ do.; ‫ لسوء الحظ‬unfortunately;
‫ سهو‬sahw inattentiveness, inattention, ‫ سوء الخلق‬s. al-kuluq ill nature, ill-
inadvertence, absent-mindedness temperedness; ‫ سوء الحال‬bad conditions;
distractedness; negligence, neglectfulness, ‫ سوء الحالة‬bad situation, predicament; ‫سوء‬
forgetfulness │ ‫ سهوا‬sahwan inattentively, ‫ الَدارة‬s. al-idāra mal-administration,
distractedly, absent-mindedly, heedlessly, mismanagement; ‫ سوء السلوك‬bed behavior,
negligently; inadvertently, by mistake misbehavior, misconduct; ‫ سوء الظن‬s. aẓ-
‫ سهوة‬sahwa a kind of alcove ẓann poor opinion; ‫ سوء العلقات‬bad
relations; ‫ سوء المعامَلة‬s. al-mu‘āmala
‫ سهوان‬sahwān2 inattentive, heedless, mistreatment; ‫ سوء الَستعمال‬abuse, misuse;
distracted, absent-minded, forgetful ‫ سوء الفهم‬s. al-fahm misunderstanding; ‫سوء‬
‫ ساه‬sāhin inattentive, absent-minded, ‫ التفاهم‬s. at-tafāhum mutual
negligent, forgetful │ ‫ ساهيا لَهيا‬sāhiyan misunderstanding, disharmony, discord;
lāhiyan amusing o.s. in a carefree manner, ‫ سوء القصد‬s. al-qaṣd evil intent; ‫ سوء النية‬s.
completely at ease 2(‫ ساء )سوء‬sā’a u (‫سوء‬ an-nīya do.; ‫ سوء الهضم‬s. al-haḍm
sau’) to be or become bad, evil, foul, indigestion
wicked; to become worse, deteriorate ‫ سوءة‬,‫ سوأة‬sau’a pl. -āt shame, disgrace;
(condition); to grieve, sadden, afflict, hurt, disgraceful act, atrocity; private part,
vex, torment, trouble, offend, pain, make pudendum; pudenda │ ‫( سوءة لك‬sau’atan)
sorry, displease (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫( ساء سبيل‬sabīlan) shame on you!
what an evil way (= what an evil practice)
this is! ‫( ساء به ظنا‬ẓannan) to think badly of ‫ سيء‬,‫ سيئ‬sayyi’ bad, evil, ill, foul │ ‫سيء‬
s.o., have a poor opinion of s.o.; ‫ساء طالعه‬ ‫ الحظ‬s. al-ḥaẓẓ unfortunate; unlucky
(ṭāli‘uhū) he was under an evil star, was person; ‫ سيء الخلق‬s. al-kuluq ill-natured;
ill-starred, he was unlucky or unfortunate; ‫ سيء التربية‬s. at-tarbiya bad-mannered,
‫ يسوءني‬yasū’unī I am sorry II to do badly, badly brought up; ‫ سيء السمعة‬s. as-sum‘a
spoil, harm (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to blame, censure ( ‫هـ‬ ill-reputed, disreputable; ‫ سيء الطبع‬s. aṭ-
‫ على‬s.o. for s.th.); to disapprove (‫ هـ‬of s.th. ṭab‘ ill-natured, ill-tempered; ‫سيء الطالع‬
‫ على‬in s.o.), dislike (‫ على هـ‬s.th. in s.o.) IV unlucky, unfortunate; unlucky person; ‫مَن‬
to do badly, spoil, harm (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to deal ‫( سيء الى اسوأ‬aswa’a) from bed to worse
badly (‫ الى‬with s.o.), act meanly or evilly ( ‫ سيئة‬sayyi’a pl. -āt sin, offense,
‫ الى‬toward s.o.); to do evil (‫ الى‬to s.o.), misdeed; bed side, disadvantage (of s.th.)
wrong (‫ الى‬s.o.); to harm (‫ الى‬s.o.), do harm
(‫ الى‬to); to hurt, offend, insult (‫ الى‬s.o.); to ‫ مَساءة‬masā’a pl. ‫ مَساوئ‬masāwi’ 2 evil
inflict pain (‫ الى‬on s.o.) │ ‫اساء التصرف‬ deed, vile action; pl. disadvantages, bad
(taṣarrufa) to misbehave, comport o.s. sides, drawbacks, shortcomings
badly; ‫ اساء التصرف في‬to go about ... in an ‫ اساءة‬isā’a misdeed; offense, affront,
evil manner; ‫( اساء الظن به‬ẓanna) to think insult; sin, offeence │ ‫ اساءة الظن‬i. ẓann
poor opinion (‫ ب‬of); ‫ اساءة المعامَلة‬i. al- ‫ سواد‬sawād black color, black,
mu’āmala mistreatment, etc., see IV blackness; (pl. ‫ اسودة‬aswida) black
above clothing, mourning; arable land, tilth;
shape, form; inner part, core; majority;
‫ استياء‬istiyā’ dissatisfaction, discontent,
multitude │ ‫ السواد‬or ‫ سواد العراق‬the rural
indignation, displeasure, annoyance,
areas of Iraq; ‫ السواد العظم‬the great mass,
vexation
the great majority, the largest part; ‫سواد‬
‫ مَسيء‬musī’ displeasing, unpleasant, ‫ الناس‬the common people, the masses; ‫سواد‬
offensive; harmful, disadvantageous, ‫ العين‬s. al-‘ain eyeball; ‫ سواد المدينة‬suburb,
pernicious; insulting outskirts of the city; ‫ سواد الليل‬s. al-lail the
‫ مَستاء‬mustā’ offended, displeased, long, dark night
annoyed, vexed, indignant (‫ مَن‬about, at, ‫ اسود‬aswad2, f. ‫ سوداء‬saudā’2, pl. ‫ سود‬sūd
by); dissatisfied, discontent (‫ مَن‬with) black; dark-colored; -- ‫ اسود‬aswad2 pl. ‫سودا‬
2
‫ سواء‬see ‫سوى‬ ‫ ن‬sūdān a black, Negro │ (‫ السودان )بلد‬the
Sudan; ‫ شتائم سوداء‬severest reproaches; ‫اسود‬
‫ سوارى‬sawārī horseman, cavalryman, sowar; ‫ فاحم‬coal-black, jet-black
horsemen, cavalry
‫ سود‬saudā’2 black bile (one of the four
‫( سوتيان‬Fr. soutien) sūtiyān pl. -āt brassiere humors of ancient medicine); melancholy,
‫( سوتيه‬Fr. sauté) sōtēh sautéed sadness, gloom
1
‫ ساج‬look up alphabetically ‫ سويداء‬suwaidā’2 black bile (one of the
2
four humors of ancient medicine);
‫ اسوجة‬see ‫سياج‬ melancholy, sadness, gloom; ‫السويداء‬
(‫ ساح )سوح‬sāḥa u to travel, rove, roam about Suweida (capital of the Jebel ed Druz) │
‫ سويداء القلب‬s. al-qalb the deepest folds of
‫ ساحة‬sāḥa pl. -āt, ‫ ساح‬courtyard, open
the heart, the inmost
square; (open) space; arena; field (fig.) │
‫ ساحة الحرب‬s. al-ḥarb theater of war; ‫ساحات‬ ‫ سوداوي‬saudāwī melancholic,
‫ المحاكم‬courts, tribunals; ‫ ساحة القتال‬battle depressed, dejected
field, war zone; ‫ ساحة القضاء‬s. al-qaḍā’ (‫( السودان )بلد‬bilād) as-sūdān the Sudan
tribunal, forum; ‫ ساحة اللعاب‬athletic field,
sports field; ‫ برأ ساحته‬barra’a sāḥatahū to ‫ سوداني‬sūdānī Sudanese; (pl. -ūn) a
acquit s.o. Sudanese
‫ سواح‬sawwāḥ pl. -ūn, traveler, tourist ‫ تسويد‬taswīd rough draft
‫ سائح‬sā’iḥ pl. -ūn, ‫ سياح‬suyyāḥ, ‫سواح‬ ‫ مَسودة‬musawwada, muswadda draft,
suwwāḥ traveler, tourist; itinerant dervish; rough copy, rough sketch, notes; day-book
anchorite (Chr.) │ ‫ مَسودة الطبع‬m. aṭ-ṭab‘ proof sheet, galley
proof
(‫ ساخ )سوخ‬sāka u (‫ سوخ‬sauk) to be or become
2
doughy, soft, slippery (esp. ground), yield (‫ ساد )سود‬sāda u (‫ سيادة‬siyāda, ‫ سؤدد‬su’dud,
like mud; to sink (‫ في الرض‬in the ground, su’dad) to be or become master, head,
of the foot) │ ‫( ساخت روحه‬rūḥuhū) to chief, chieftain, sovereign, lord, overlord (
become faint, swoon 439 ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of or over people, of or over s.th.),
1
rule, govern (‫هـ‬, s.o., s.th.), reign (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
‫ سود‬II to make black, blacken (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to over); to prevail (e.g., view), reign (e.g.,
draft (‫ هـ‬a letter, etc.), make a rough draft ( calm); to be predominant, predominate,
‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to cover with writing (‫هـ‬ have the upperhand (‫ على‬over) II to make (
sheets), scribble (‫ هـ‬on sheets) │ ‫سود وجهه‬ ‫ ه‬s.o.) master, head, chief, chieftain,
(wajhahū) to expose s.o., show s.o. up, sovereign, lord, overlord
make a fool of s.o., bring s.o. into
disrepute, discredit, disgrace, dishonor s.o. ‫ سيد‬sayyid pl. ‫ اسياد‬asyād, ‫ سادة‬sāda, ‫سادا‬
IX to be or become black ‫ ت‬sādāt master; gentleman; Mister; Sir;
lord, overlord; chief, chieftain; title of
Mohammed’s direct descendants │ ‫سيدي‬
6
(sayyidī, colloq. sīdī) honorific before the ‫ سوريا‬sūriyā Syria │ ‫( سوريا الجنوبية‬janūbīya)
names of Muslim Saints (esp. magr.); ‫السيد‬ Palestine; ‫( سوريا الصغرى‬ṣugrā) do.; ‫سوريا‬
‫ فلن‬Mr. So-and-So; ‫( سيدي فلن‬magr.) do.; ‫( الكبرى‬kubrā) (Greater) Syria
‫ سيد البحار العظم‬Supreme Commander of 7
‫ سورية‬sūrīya2 = ‫سوريا‬
the Navy (Eg. 1939)
(1‫ ساس )سوس‬sāsa u (‫ سياسة‬siyāsa) to dominate,
‫ سيدة‬sayyida pl. -āt mistress; lady; Mrs. govern, rule (‫ ه‬s.o.): to lead, guide,
│ ‫‘( السيدة عقيلته‬aqīlatuhū) his wife; ‫السيدة‬ conduct, direct (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
‫ فلنة‬Mrs. So-and-So administer, manage, regulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); --
‫ سيادة‬siyāda command, mastery; sawisa yaswasu to be or become worm-
domination, rule, dominion; supremacy; eaten; to become carious (tooth); to rot,
sovereignty; title and form of address of decay (bones) II and V = sawisa
bishops (Chr.); siyādāt ... (with foll. ‫ سوس‬sūs (coll.: n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ سيسان‬sīsān
genit.) nowadays, in Egypt, general title of woodworm, borer; mothworm
respect preceding the name, ‫ = سيادتكم‬you,
a respectful address introduced after the ‫ سوس‬sūs licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra;
abolition of titles of rank and social class bot.) │ ‫‘ عرق سوس‬irq s. licorice root; ‫رب‬
in Egypt │ ‫ سيادة المطران‬s. al-muṭrān His ‫ سوس‬rubb as-s. licorice rob, thickened
Eminence the Metropolitan; ‫سيادة الرئيس‬ licorice juice
approx.: His Excellency the President ‫ سياسة‬siyāsa pl. -āt administration,
(Eg.); ‫( دولة ذات سيادة‬daula) sovereign state management: p;olicy; ‫ سياسة‬siyāsatan for
‫ سؤدد‬su’dud, su’dad dominion, reasons of expediency (Isl. Law) │ ‫السياسة‬
domination, rule, reign, power, ‫( الدولية‬duwalīya) diplomacy; ‫السياسة العملية‬
sovereignty (‘amalīya) practical policy, Real-politik; O
‫ سياسة التوسع‬s. at-tawassu‘ policy of
‫ سائد‬sā’id prevailing (opinion, feeling, expansion
mood, calm, etc.)
3 ‫ سياسي‬siyāsī political; diplomatic; -- (pl.
‫ سويدي‬,‫ السويد‬look up alphabetically 440 -ūn, ‫ ساسة‬sāsa) politician; diplomat,
4
‫ سادة‬look up alphabetically and under 2 ‫سود‬ statesman │ ‫ الدوائر السياسية‬political circles;
‫( السلك السياسي‬silk) diplomatic corps; ‫علم‬
‫ سودن‬saudana to Sudanize (Eg.)
‫‘( الَقتصاد السياسي‬ilm al-iqtiṣād) political
‫ سودنة‬saudana Sudanization (Eg.) science, political economy
1
‫ سور‬II to enclose, fence in, wall in, surround ‫ تسوس‬tasawwus (dental) caries
with a railing or wall (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to leap (‫ه‬
‫ سائس‬sā’is pl. ‫ ساسة‬sāsa, ‫ سواس‬suwwās,
at s.o.), beset, assail, attack, assault (‫ه‬
‫ سياس‬suyyās stableman, groom; driver
s.o.); to befall, overcome, grip (‫ ه‬s.o.,
(primarily of animals); manager, leader
emotion) V to scale (‫ هـ‬a wall, a cliff, etc.)
2
‫ السويس‬as-suwēs Suez (seaport in NE Egypt)
‫ سور‬sūr pl. ‫ اسوار‬aswār wall; enclosure,
│ ‫ قنال السويس‬qanāl as-s. Suez Canal
fence, railing
3
‫سواسية‬see ‫سوى‬
‫ سورة‬sūra pl. ‫ سور‬suwar chapter of the
Koran, sura ‫ سوسته‬susta zipper (eg.)
‫ سورة‬saura vehemence, force, violence; ‫ سوسن‬sausan, sūsan lily of the valley (bot.)
severity (of cold) (‫ ساط )سوط‬sāṭa u (sauṭ) to whip, flog, lash,
2
‫ سوار‬siwār, suwār pl. ‫ سور‬sūr, ‫ اسورة‬aswira, ‫اس‬ scourge (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ اور‬asāwir2, ‫ اساورة‬asāwira bracelet, ‫ سوط‬sauṭ pl. ‫ اسواط‬aswāṭ, ‫ سياط‬siyāṭ
armlet, bangle; armband; cuff, wristband whip, lash, scourge
3
‫سواري‬look up alphabetically ‫ مَسوط‬miswaṭ stick or similar implement
4
‫ اسوار‬look up alphabetically used for stirring
5
‫ سوري‬sūrī Syrian; (pl. -ūn) a Syrian
‫ ساعة‬sā‘a pl. -āt, ‫ ساع‬sā‘ (short) time, ‫ مَستساغ‬mustasāg easy to swallow; tasty,
while; hour; timepiece, clock, watch; ‫الساع‬ palatable
‫ ة‬the Hour of Resurrection; as-sā‘ata now, ‫ سوف‬II to put off (‫ ه‬s.o.); to postpone, draw
at present, by this time, at this moment, in out, delay, procrastinate (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
this instant; at once, instantly,
immediately, just │ ‫( بين ساعة واخرى‬wa- ‫ سوف‬saufa (abbreviated form ‫ سـ‬sa)
ukrā) from hour to hour; ‫ حتى الساعة‬until particle of future tense, e.g., ‫سوف ترى‬
now; ‫ مَن الساعة‬from now on, henceforth; (tarā) you will see
‫ مَن ساعته‬immediately, presently, instantly, ‫ مَسافة‬masāfa pl. -āt, ‫ مَساوف‬masāwif2
at once; ‫ مَنذ الساعة‬from now on, distance, interval, stretch; (mus.) interval
henceforth; ‫ مَات لساعته‬he died instantly; │ ‫ على مَسافة‬at some distance
‫ ساعة الجيب‬s. al-jaib pocket watch; ‫ساعة‬
441 ‫( رمَلية‬ramlīya) hourglass; ‫ساعة شمسية‬ ‫ تسويف‬taswīf pl. -āt procrastination,
(šamsīya) sundial; ‫ ابن ساعته‬ibn sā‘atihī postponement, delay, deferment
transitory, ephemeral ‫ تسويفي‬taswīfī dilatory, delaying,
‫ ساعتئذ‬sā‘ata’idin in that hour procrastinating
‫ ساعاتي‬sā‘ātī pl. -ya watchmaker ‫ سوفسطائي‬sūfisṭā’ī sophistic
‫ سويعة‬suwai‘a pl. -āt little hour, little ‫ سوفيات‬suyāt, ‫ سوفييت‬sovyēt Soviet
while ‫ سوفياتي‬sufyātī, ‫ سوفييتي‬,‫ سوفيتي‬sovyētī
(‫ ساغ )سوغ‬sāga u (saug, ‫ مَساغ‬masāg) to soviet (adj.) │ ‫( الَتحاد السوفياتي‬ittiḥād) the
be easy to swallow, go down pleasantly Soviet Union
(drink, food); to be permissible, be (‫ ساق )سوق‬sāqa u (sauq, ‫ سياقة‬siyāqa, ‫مَساق‬
permitted, allowed (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to swallow ( masāq) to drive, urge on, herd (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to permit, allow, accept, tolerate ( prisoners, cattle); to draft, conscript (‫للجندية‬
‫ هـ‬s.th.), put up (‫ هـ‬with s.th.), swallow, li-l-jundīya for military service); to drive (
stomach s.th. (‫هـ‬, fig.) II to make ‫ هـ‬an automobile); to pilot (‫ هـ‬an airplane);
permissible, permit, allow (‫ هـ ل‬to s.o. to carry along, convey, transport (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
s.th.), admit (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to justify, warrant ( to send, dispatch, forward, convey, hand
‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with); to lease, let (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to over (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to utter (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
wash down, swallow easily (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cite, quote, propound, put forth (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
(fig.:) to take, swallow, stomach (‫ هـ‬s.th.), │ ‫( ساق مَساقه‬masāqahū) to follow the
stand for s.th. (‫)هـ‬, put up with s.th. (‫ )هـ‬V example or path of s.o.; ‫ ساق الحديث‬to carry
to lease (‫ هـ‬s.th.), take a lease (‫ هـ‬of s.th.) on the conversation; ‫ ساق الحديث اليه‬to
X to regard as easy to swallow, find address s.o.; ‫( اليك يساق الحديث‬yusāqu) you
pleasant (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to taste, enjoy, relish (‫هـ‬ are the one that is meant II to market, sell
s.th.); to approve (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), admit, grant (‫ هـ‬merchandise) III to accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.);
(‫ هـ‬s.th.), deem (‫ هـ‬s.th.) proper to go along, agree (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to trade
‫ مَساغ‬masāg easy access; possibility; in the market, sell and buy in the market
permission │ ‫( لم يستطع مَساغا ل‬yastaṭi‘) he VI to draw out; to form a sequence, be
couldn’t put up with ..., couldn’t reconcile successive, be continuous, be coherent; to
himself to ..., couldn’t swallow ...; ‫لَ مَساغ‬ harmonize VII to drift; to be driven; to be
‫( للشك‬masāga, šakk) one cannot possibly carried away, be given over │ ‫انساق به الى‬
doubt it to carry s.o. away to ..., drive or urge s.o.
to ... VIII to drive, urge on, herd (‫ هـ‬cattle)
‫ تسويغ‬taswīg hiring out on lease, leasing 442
│ ‫( قانون القرض والتسويغ‬qarḍ) Lease Act
(pol., Tun.) ‫ سوق‬sauq driving (of a car); draft,
conscription (‫ للجندية‬li-l-jundīya for
‫ سائغ‬sā’ig easy to swallow; tasty, military service); mobilization (of troops,
palatable; permissible, permitted, allowed also of forces, energies, etc.) │ ‫اجازة السوق‬
‫ مَسوغ‬musawwig pl. -āt justifying factor, ijāzat as-s. driving license
justification, good reason O ‫ سوقية‬sauqīya strategy
‫ ساق‬sāqa f., pl. ‫ سوق‬sūq, ‫ سيقان‬sīqān studies; ‫ افضى بنا المساق الى‬we have come to
shank; thigh; leg (also geom.); side the point where ...
(geom.); trunk (of a tree); stem, stalk (of ‫ تسويق‬taswīq marketing, sale (of
plants) │ ‫ ساق الحمام‬s. al-ḥamām bugloss merchandise)
(Anchusa officinalis; bot.); ‫ربطة الساق‬
rabṭat as-s. garter; ‫ وسام ربطة الساق‬Order of ‫ تسويقة‬taswīqa (eg.) bargain,
the Garter; ‫‘ عظم الساق‬aẓm as-s. shinbone, advantageous purchase
tibia; ‫ مَتساوي الساقين‬mutasāwī s-sāqain ‫ تساوق‬tasāwuq coherence, interrelation,
isosceles (geom.); ‫قامَت الحرب على ساق‬ connection, context; harmony
(ḥarbu) the war was or became violent,
flared up; war broke out; ‫كشفت الحرب عن‬ ‫ سائق‬sa’iq driving; driving force; -- pl.
‫( ساقها‬kašafat) do.; ‫ كشف المَر عن ساقه‬the -ūn sāqa) driver (of animals); chauffeur,
matter became difficult; ‫وقف على ساق الجد ل‬ driver; (aircraft) pilot
(s. il-jidd) to turn one’s zeal to, apply o.s. ‫ مَسوقر‬musauqar (tun.) = ‫ مَسوكر‬musaukar
to, exert o.s., make efforts in order to ... ;
‫( على قدم وساق‬qadam) in full swing, carried (‫ ساك )سوك‬sāka u (sauk) to rub, scrub, scour (‫هـ‬
on most energetically (undertaking, s.th.) II to clean and polish, brush, clean (
preparations, etc.); ‫ ارسل ساقه للريح‬arsala ‫ الَسنان‬the teeth)
sāqahū li-r-rīḥ to speed along like the ‫ سواك‬siwāk pl. ‫ سوك‬sūk a small stick
wind (the tip of which is softened by chewing
‫ ساقة‬sāqa rear guard, arrière-garde or beating) used for cleaning and
polishing the teeth
‫ سوق‬sūq mostly f., pl. ‫ اسواق‬aswāq
bazaar street; market; O fair │ ‫سوق البر‬ ‫ مَسواك‬miswāk pl. ‫ مَساويك‬masāwīk2 =
‫ والَحسان‬s. al-birr wa-l-iḥsān charity ‫سواك‬
bazaar; ‫( السوق الحرة‬ḥurra) the free market; ‫ سوكر‬saukara to insure (‫ هـ‬goods, etc.); to
‫ سوق الَحسان‬charity bazaar; ‫سوق خيرية‬ register (‫ هـ‬a letter)
(kairīya) do.; ‫(( السوق السود‬aswad) the
‫ سوكر‬musaukar insured; registered
black market; ‫( السوق المشترك‬muštarak) the
(letter) 443
Common Market; ‫ سوق النقد‬s. an-naqd
1
money market (stook exchange); ‫اسواق‬ ‫ سول‬II to talk or argue s.o. (‫ )ل‬into s.th. evil or
‫ المحصولَت‬produce markets; ‫سوق عقود القطن‬ fateful (‫ ;)هـ‬to entice, seduce (‫ ل‬s.o., said
s. ‘uqūd al-quṯn cotton exchange of the Devil) │ ‫( سولب له نفسه‬nafsuhū) he
let himself be seduced (‫ هـ‬to)
‫ سوقة‬sūqa subjects; rabble, mob
2
‫ تسول‬tasawwala (for ‫ تساءل‬tasā’ala) to beg
‫ سوقي‬sūqī plebeian, common, vulgar
‫ تسول‬tasawwul begging, beggary
‫ سويق‬sawīq a kind of mush made of
wheat or barley (also with sugar and ‫ مَتسول‬mutasawwil pl. -ūn beggar
dates) 1
(‫ سام )سوم‬sāma u (saum) to offer for sale (‫ هـ‬a
‫ سويق‬suwaiq and ‫ سويقة‬suwaiqa stem, commodity); to impose (‫ هـ ه‬upon s.o. a
stalk (of plants) punishment or task), force (‫ هـ ه‬upon s.o. a
difficult task); to demand of s.o. (‫ )ه‬s.th. (
‫ سويقة‬suwaiqa small market
‫ )هـ‬beyond his power │ ‫(سامَه خسفا‬kasfan)
‫ سياق‬siyāq succession, sequence, to treat s.o. unjustly, wrong s.o.; to
course, thread (of conversation); context humiliate s.o.; -- (‫ سيامَة‬siyāma) to ordain,
‫ سواق‬siwāq pl. -ūn driver (of animals); consecrate (a priest, a bishop, etc.; Chr.) II
driver, chauffeur; (railroad) engineer to impose, force (‫ ه هـ‬upon s.o. a difficult
task), coerce (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. to s.th. difficult); to
‫ مَساق‬masāq trend of things, course, demand of s.o. (‫ )ه‬s.th. (‫ )هـ‬beyond his
development, or progress, of s.th.; ‫مَساقة الى‬ power; to assess estimate (‫ هـ‬the value of
it amounts to ..., comes to …, winds up in an object); to mark, provide with a mark (
…, is ultimately aimed at …; also see ‫ساق‬ ‫ هـ‬s.th.) ill to bargain, haggle, chaffer over
sāqa above │ ‫ مَساق مَن الدراسات‬course of a price (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to bargain, haggle (‫في‬
or ‫ ب‬,‫ على‬with s.o. over) IV to let (‫هـ‬ properly cooked, be well done; to ripen,
cattle) graze freely; to let (‫ هـ‬the eye) mature, be or become ripe
wander VI to bargain, haggle (‫ في‬over, for) ‫ سوى‬siwan, suwan equality, sameness;
VID to bargain, haggle, chaffer ( or ‫ على‬,‫في‬ (with foll. genit. or suffix) other than,
over, for) except │ ‫( على حد سوي‬ḥaddin) equal(ly),
‫ مَساومَة‬musāwama pl. -āt bargaining, indiscriminate(ly), alike, the same; ‫فضله‬
haggling ‫ على سواه‬faḍḍalahū ‘alā siwāhu he
preferred him to everybody else; ,‫ سوى‬-- َ‫ل‬
‫ سائمة‬sā’ima pl. ‫ سوائم‬sawā’im2 freely
‫ سوى‬-- ‫ ليس‬only, nothing but
grazing livestock
2 ‫ سواء‬sawā’ equal; equality, sameness;
‫ سامَي‬,‫ سام‬look up alphabetically
sawā’a except │ ‫( سواء لديه كل شيء‬ladaihi)
3
‫ مَسامَات‬,‫ مَسام‬see 2‫سم‬ 444 it is all the same to him, he is
‫ سومَر‬sūmir Sumer indifferent to everything; ‫سواء بسواء‬
(sawā’an) equally, indiscriminately,
‫ سومَطرة‬sūmaṭra Sumatra without distinction; together; ‫على السواء‬
‫ اسوان‬look up alphabetically likewise, in like manner, equally, evenly,
indiscriminately, without distinction; all
‫ سوهج‬sōhag Sohag (city in central Egypt, on the same, making no difference; ‫ سواء على‬it
the Nile) doesn’t make any difference for ...; – ‫سواء‬
‫ سوي‬sawiya a to be equivalent, be equal (‫ هـ‬to (‫( ام )او‬sawā’an) regardless whether --
s.th.), equal (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to even, level, or ..., no matter whether -- or ..., be it
nivellate, flatten, straighten (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to that ... - or ..., ‫ ام‬-- ‫ سواء‬do.; ‫تلمَيذ سقراط سواء‬
smooth (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to smooth down (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ مَنهم الثينيون وغير الثينيين‬the disciples of
e.g., folds, wrinkles; ‫ مَن ثيابه‬one’s clothes); Socrates, both Athenians and non-
to equalize, make equal (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. to s.th. Athenians; (‫سواء السبيل )المحجة‬
else), put (‫ هـ‬s.th.) on the same level (‫ب‬ (Muhammaḍajja) the straight, right path
with s.th.); ‫ سوى بينهما‬to put two persons on ‫ سوي‬sawīy pl. ‫ اسوياء‬aswiyā’ straight;
an equal footing, treat two persons as right, correct, proper; unimpaired, intact,
equals, reconcile two persons; to make sound; straight-bodied, straight-shaped, of
regular, make good (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cook regular build or growth; even, regular,
properly (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to regulate, arrange, well-proportioned, shapely, harmonious;
make up, smooth over, settle, put in order ‫ سويا‬sawīyan in common, jointly, together
(‫ هـ‬a dispute, a controversy, etc.) │ ‫سوى‬
‫ اخدعه‬to crush s.o.’s pride III to be ‫ سوية‬sawīya pl. ‫ سوايا‬sawāyā equality;
equivalent, be equal (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), equal (‫هـ‬ sawīyatan together, jointly
s.th.); to be worth (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to equalize, ‫ سي‬siyy (for m. and f.) pl. ‫ اسواء‬aswā’
make equal (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. to s.th. else), put (‫هـ‬ equal, similar, (a)like │ ‫ هما سيان‬they are
s.th.) on the same level (‫ ب‬with); to alike, are the same; ‫ هما سيان عندي‬they are
establish equality (‫ وبين‬-- ‫ بين‬between -- both the same to me
and); ‫ ساوى بينهم‬to make them equals,
equalize them, put them on the same ‫ لَ سيما‬lā sīyamā especially, in
footing; to regulate, arrange, make up, particular, mainly
smooth over, settle, put in order (‫ هـ‬a ‫ سواسية‬sawāsiya (pl.) equal, alike │ ‫هم‬
dispute, a controversy, etc.); = ‫ساوى بينهما‬ ‫ )هن( سواسية‬they are equals
‫( سوى بينهما‬sawwā) VI to be equal or
‫ تسوية‬taswiya leveling, nivellation;
similar; to be balanced, keep the balance
settlement, arrangement, adjustment (of
VIII to be even, regular, equal; to be
controversies, etc.); equalization;
equivalent (‫ هـ‬to); to be on the same level;
settlement (of a bill) │ ‫تحت التسوية‬
to be or become straight, even, level; to
outstanding, unsettled, āunpaid (com.)
stand upright, erect, straight; to straighten
up; to sit down (‫ على‬on), mount (‫ على‬s.th.);
to sit firmly (‫ على‬on an animal); to be
‫ مَساواة‬musāwāh equality, equivalence; fast, hurry; (eg.) to leave, give up,
equal rights, equality before the law; relinquish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (eg.) to neglect (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
settlement, composition (com.) s.o., s.th.); (eg.) to release, let go, free ( ,‫هـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.) II to leave, give up, relinquish
‫ تساو‬tasāwin equality, equivalence,
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to neglect (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
sameness; equal rights, equality before the
release, let go, free (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) VII to
law │‫ على التساوي‬or ‫ بالتساوي‬likewise, in
flow, stream, run (water); to pour, flow (
like manner, equally, evenly, regularly
‫ الى‬into), enter (‫ الى‬s.th.); to peter out, seep
‫ استواء‬istiwā’ straightness; evenness, away, exhaust itself; to speed along, glide
levelness; equality, regularity, steadiness along, run along, crawl or creep (along);
│‫ خط الَستواء‬kaṭṭ al-ist. equator to glide, slip (‫ بين‬between); to walk fast,
‫ استوائي‬istiwā’ī equatorial, tropical │ hurry; with foll. imperf.: to begin at once
‫( المنطقة الَستوائية‬minṭaqa) or ‫المناطق الَستوائية‬ to do s.th.
the tropics ‫ انسيابي‬insiyābī, ‫ انسيابي الشكل‬ins. Š-šakl
‫ مَساو‬musāwin equal, equivalent, similar stream-lined

‫ مَتساو‬mutasāwin equal, similar, (a)like; ‫ سائب‬sā’ib forlorn, lost, (a)stray; free,


even, equable, equally strong; of equal loose, lax, unrestrained
weight, equipoised, equiponderant │‫مَتساو‬ ‫ سيبيريا‬sībīriyā Siberia
‫ ى البعاد‬equidistant; ‫ مَتساوى الزوايا‬m. z- 1
‫ سيج‬II to fence in, hedge in, surround with a
zawāyā equiangular (geom.); ‫مَتساوى الساقين‬
hedge (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V pass. of II
m. s-sāqain isosceles (geom.); ‫مَتساوى‬
‫ الَضلع‬equilateral (geom.) ‫ سياج‬siyāj pl. -āt, ‫ اسوجة‬aswija, ‫اسياج‬
asyāj; hedge; fencing, fence; enclosure;
‫ مَستو‬mustawin straight, upright, erect;
(fig.) bulwark, shield (of a country, of a
even, smooth, regular; well done
nation)
(cooking); ripe, mature
2
‫ ساج‬look up alphabetically
‫ مَستوى‬mustawan level, niveau, standard
│ ‫ مَستوى الماء‬water level; ‫المستوى العلمي‬ ‫ سيجار‬sīgār cigar (eg.)
(‘ilmī) scientific level; ‫ مَستوى الحياة‬m. l- ‫ سيجارة‬sīgāra pl. -āt, ‫ سجاير‬sagāyir, ‫سجائر‬
ḥayāh standard of living; ‫( في مَستوى‬with sagā’ir2 cigarette (eg.)
foll. genit.) on an equal level or footing
with ... (‫ ساح )سيح‬sāḥa i (saiḥ, ‫ سيحان‬sayaḥān) to flow,
run (water); to melt, thaw, dissolve,
‫( السويد‬Fr. la Suède) as-suwīd Sweden become liquid (snow, metal); --(saiḥ, ‫سياحة‬
‫ سويدي‬suwīdī Swede; Swedish siyāḥa) to travel, journey; to rove, roam
about II to make flow, cause to flow (‫ هـ‬a
‫ السويس‬as-suwēs Suez (seaport in NE Egypt) │
river, etc.); to melt, dissolve, liquefy,
‫( قناة )قنال( السويس‬qanāt, qanāl) Suez Canal
smelt, fuse (‫ هـ‬metal, and the like); to
‫( سويسرا‬It. Svizzera) swiserā Switzerland melt, clarify (‫ هـ‬butter) IV to make flow,
‫ سويسري‬swiserī Swiss cause to flow (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VII to spread, pour
1
forth
‫ سية‬siya pl. -āt curved part of a bow
2
‫ سياحة‬siyāḥa pl. -āt travel; tourism
□ ‫ سي‬sī short form of ‫ سيد‬sayyid, ‫ سيدي‬Mr., Sir
(esp. magr.) ‫ سياح‬sayyāḥ pl. -ūn traveler; tourist
3
‫ سي‬siyy, ‫ سيان‬see ‫سوي‬ ‫ سائح‬sā’iḥ pl. -ūn, ‫ سياح‬suyyāḥ, suwwāḥ)
traveler; tourist; itinerant dervish;
‫ سيام‬siyām Siam, Thailand anchorite (Chr.)
‫ سيان‬siyān cyanogen 445 ‫ مَسيخ‬musayyak fluid, liquid; striped
(‫ ساب )سيب‬sāba i (saib) to flow, stream, run (garment)
(water); to run along, speed along, glide 1
(‫ ساخ )سيخ‬sāka i (‫ سيخ‬saik, ‫ سيخان‬sayakān) to
along, creep along, crawl along; to walk sink into the ground or mud
2
‫ سيخ‬sīk pl. ‫ اسياخ‬asyāk spit, skewer; foil, ‫ سير‬sair trip, tour, travel, journey, walk,
rapier; iron prong or bolt errand, march, procession; movement,
motion; departure; course, progress (of an
‫ سيادة‬,‫ سيد‬see 2‫سود‬
undertaking); procedure, practice,
‫ سيدارة‬sīdāra pl. -āt (see ‫ )سدارة‬an Iraqi conduct, behavior; (way of) life;
headgear, commonly of black velvet; observance, pursuance (‫ على‬of s.th.) │ ‫حسن‬
overseas cap ‫(السير والسلوك‬husk as-s.) blameless life; ‫في‬
(‫ سار )سير‬sāra i (‫ سير‬sair, ‫ سيرورة‬sairūra, ‫( السير وراء غرضه‬garaḍihī) in pursuance of
‫ مَسير‬masīr, ‫ مَسيرة‬masīra, ‫ تساير‬tasāyara) to his intention
move (on), set out, strike out, start, get ‫ سير‬sair pl. ‫ سيور‬suyūr (leather) belt;
going; to move along; to march; to travel, girth; drive belt, transmission belt │ ‫سير‬
journey; to ride (in a vehicle); to go, go ‫(مَتحرك‬mutaḥarrik) conveyor belt,
away, leave, depart; to run, operate ( -- ‫بين‬ assembly line
‫ و‬between -- and, of a train); to flow
‫ سيرة‬saira gait; course
(electric current); to run, be in operation,
function, work, go (machine); to progress ‫ سيرة‬sīra pl. ‫ سير‬siyar conduct,
(e.g., work); to make (‫ الى‬for s.th.), be comportment, demeanor, behavior, way of
headed (‫ الى‬for s.th.), approach (‫ الى‬s.th.), life; attitude, position, reaction, way of
be directed, be oriented (‫ الى‬toward s.th.); acting; (in sg. or pl.) biography, history;
to circulate, make the rounds, be or pl. campaigns; ‫ السيرة‬the biography of
become current (proverb); to follow, Mohammed
maintain (‫ سيرا‬sairan a behavior, ‫ على‬s.th.); ‫ سيار‬sayyār traveling frequently, always
to behave, conduct o.s.; to proceed, act ( on the move, continually moving;
‫ على‬or ‫ بمقتضى‬bi-muqtaḍā according to) │ itinerant, roving, roaming about;
‫ سار به‬to lead s.o., lead s.o. away; ‫سار وراءه‬ circulating; planet │‫( صحف سيارة‬suḥuf) or
to (allow, pursue s.o.; ‫سار جيئة وذهابا‬ ‫ جرائد سيارة‬daily newspapers, dailies
(jī’atan wa-dihāban) to walk up and
down, go back and forth; ‫سار في سبيل التحسن‬ ‫ سيارة‬sayyāra pl. -āt automobile, car │
(s. it-taḥassun) to be on the road to ‫ سيارة الجرة‬s. al-ujra taxi cab; ‫سيارة مَدرعة‬
recovery; ‫( الخطة التى سار فيها‬kiṭṭa) the (mudarra‘a) armored car; ‫سيارة دورية‬
course he followed; 446 ‫سار سيرة حسنة‬ (daurīya) patrol car; ‫ سيارة السعاف‬s. al-
(sīratan ḥasanatan) to behave well; ‫سار‬ is‘āf ambulance; ‫( سيارة مَصفحة‬muṣaffaḥa)
‫( على قدمَيه‬qadamaihi) not to be dead and armored car; ‫ سيارة النقل‬s. an-naql truck,
forgotten, be still much alive, be a tangible lorry; ‫( سائق السيارة‬automobile) driver,
reality II to set in motion, drive (‫ هـ‬s.th.); chauffeur
to make (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., an automobile) go; ‫ مَسار‬masār pl. -āt path (of rays, etc.)
to start, start up, let run (‫ هـ‬a machine); to
go in (‫ هـ‬for a task), run, carry on, ply, ‫ مَسير‬masīr travel, journey, tour; march
practice (‫ هـ‬a trade); to drive (‫ هـ‬a car), (mil.); departure; distance
pilot, steer (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to send, dispatch, ‫ مَسيرة‬masīra travel, journey, tour;
send out (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to circulate, put departure; distance
in circulation (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stripe (‫ هـ‬a
garment, etc.) III to keep up, go along (‫ه‬ ‫ تسيير‬tasyīr dispatch, sending out;
with s.o.); to walk at s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬side; to propulsion, drive (techn.) │‫التسيير النفاثي‬
pursue (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to show o.s. willing to (naffātī) jet propulsion
please (‫ ه‬s.o.), comply (‫ ه‬with s.o.’s wish); ‫ مَسايرة‬musāyara adaptation, adjustment
to be in agreement, be consistent (‫ هـ‬with
‫ سائر‬sā’ir going, walking, running;
s.th.); to be familiar, intimate, be hand in
walker, wayfarer, wanderer; generally
glove, get along (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to adapt o.s.
known, current (proverb); see also ‫سئر‬
(‫ هـ‬to circumstances, events, etc.) IV to set
‫( │خدمَة سائرة‬kidma) transient laborers,
in motion, drive (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to send,
seasonal laborers (eg.)
dispatch (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ مَسير‬musayyar directed, controlled (‫ب‬ ‫( ال لعابه على‬lu’ābuhū) his mouth watered
by); guided, remote-controlled; not for ... II to make flow, cause to stream,
endowed with free will (philos., as liquefy, melt, dissolve (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV = II
opposed to ‫ مَخير‬mukayyar) ‫ سيل‬sail pl. ‫ سيول‬suyūl flood,
‫ سيراس‬sīrās (syr.) glue made of the yellow inundation; torrent, torrential stream │ ‫سيل‬
powder of a pulverized root, used esp. for ‫‘( عرام‬urām) huge mass, flood, stream; ‫بلغ‬
pasting leather ‫( السيل الزبى‬zubā) the matter has reached its
climax, has come to a head
‫ سيرافيم‬sīrāfīm seraphim
‫ سيلة‬saila stream
‫ سيرج‬sīraj sesame oil
‫ سيولة‬suyūla liquid state, liquidity,
‫( سيرك‬Fr. cirque) sirk circus
flow(ing)
‫ سيسبان‬saisabān sesban (an indigenous
‫ سيال‬sayyāl streaming, pouring,
Egyptian shrub whose leaves have a
torrential; fluid, liquid; a liquid; stream; a
purgative 447 effect, Sesbania aegyptiaca
fluid │‫( قلم سيال‬qalam) facile pen, fluent
Pers.; bot.)
style
‫ سيسى‬sīsī pl. ‫ سيسيات‬sīsīyāt, ‫ سياسي‬sayāsī (eg.)
‫ سيالة‬sayyāla rivulet; pocket
pony; young rat
‫ سيطر‬saiṭara to command, dominate, control ( ‫ سيلان‬sayalān flowing, ftow; running;
deliquescence, liquefaction; gonorrhea
‫ على‬s.th.); to be master or lord (‫ على‬over
(med.); see also below
s.th.), reign, gain power (‫ على‬over s.th.); to
seize (‫ على‬s.th.), take hold (‫ على‬of s.th.) II ‫ مَسيل‬masīl pl. ‫ مَسايل‬masāyil2 river bed,
tasaiṭara = ‫سيطر‬ rivulet
‫ سيطرة‬saiṭara rule, dominion, ‫ سائل‬sā’il ftuid, liquid; (pl. ‫سوائل‬
domination, command, supremacy, power, sawā’il2) a liquid, a fluid │O ‫علم السوائل‬
authority (‫ على‬over); decisive influence ( ‘ilm as-s. hydraulics
‫ على‬on); control (‫ على‬over) ‫ سائلية‬sā’ilīya fluidity, liquid state of
‫ مَسيطر‬musaiṭir ruler, sovereign, aggregation (phys.)
overlord 2
‫ سيلن‬sayalān2 Ceylon;
‫ سيف‬saif pl. ‫ سيوف‬suyūf, ‫ اسياف‬asyāf, ‫ اسيف‬asyuf 3
‫ سيلن‬sīlān garnet (precious stone)
sword; sabre, foil, rapier │‫ سيف السلم‬s.
1
al-islām title of princes of the royal house ‫ سيم‬sīmā (pass.) and VII to be consecrated, be
of Yemen ordained (Chr.)
2
‫ سيف‬sīf pl. ‫ اسياف‬asyāf shore, coast ‫ ولَ سيما‬wa-lā siyyamā see ‫سوى‬
3
‫ سياف‬sayyāf executioner ‫ سيماء‬see next entry
4
‫ مَسايفة‬musāyafa fencing (with saber or ‫ سيمى‬sīmā (‫ سيما‬sīmā), ‫ سيماء‬sīmā’2, ‫ سيمة‬sīma
foil) pl. ‫ سيم‬siyam mark, sign, characteristic;
mien, expression
‫سيقارة = سيكارة‬
5
‫ سيميا‬sīmiyā, ‫ سيمياء‬sīmiyā’ natural magic
‫ سيكارة‬sigāra pl. ‫ سكائر‬sagā’ir 2 cigarette (syr.)
‫ سين‬sīn name of the letter ‫س‬
‫ سيكران‬saikurān, saikarān henbane
(Hyoscyamus niger; bot.) ‫ الَشعة السينية‬al-aši‘‘a as-sīnīya S rays
‫( سيكورتاه‬It. sicurtà) sikurtāh insurance │ ‫ سينا‬sīnā and ‫ سيناء‬sīnā’ Sinai 448
(‫( سيكورتاه الحريق )الحياة‬ḥayā) fire (life) ‫( سينما‬Fr. cinéma) cinema, motion-picture
insurance theater │ ‫ دور السينما‬dūr as.s. motionpicture
‫ سيكولوجى‬sīkolōžī, saikolōjī psychologic(al) theaters, movies; (‫ سينما صامَتة )صامَت‬silent
1 film; (‫ سينما ناطقة )ناطق‬or (‫سينما صائتة )صائت‬
(‫ سال )سيل‬sāla i (sail, ‫ سيلان‬sayalān) to flow, sound film, talkie
stream; to be or become liquid; to melt │‫س‬
‫ سينمائي‬sīnēmā’ī cinematographic, ‫ شامَي‬šāmī Syrian; (pl. -ūn, ‫( شوام‬šuwām)
cinematic, cinema-, movie- (in a Syrian
compounds); motion-picture actor, film ‫ شآمَي‬ša’āmī Syrian (adj. and n.)
star │‫ رواية سينمائية‬motion picture, film,
movie ‫ شؤم‬šu’m calamity, bad luck,
misfortune; evil omen, portent │ ‫لَ تمل الدنيا‬
‫( سينماتوغراف‬Fr. cinématographe) sīnimatugrāf ‫( شؤمَا‬tamla’, dunyā) (don’t fill the world
cinematograph with evil omen!) approx.: talk of the devil
‫( سينماسكوب‬Fr. cinémascope) sīnimaskūb and he will appear!
cinemascope ‫ اشأم‬aā’am2, f. ‫ شؤمَى‬šu’mā inauspicious,
‫( سينودس‬Gr. σύυδος) sinōdos synod ill-omened, ominous, portentous, sinister;
calamitous, disastrous; unfortunate, fatal,
accursed
‫ش‬ ‫ تشائم‬tašā’um pessimism
‫ مَشؤوم‬maš’ūm and ‫ مَشوم‬mašūm pl. ‫مَشائيم‬
mašā’īm2 inauspicious, ill-omened,
‫ ش‬abbreviation of ‫ شارع‬šāri‘ street (St.)
ominous, sinister; unfortunate, unlucky
‫ شاء‬šā’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ شاة‬šāh) pl. ‫ شواة‬šiwāh, ‫شياه‬ │‫‘( عدد مَشؤوم‬adad) unlucky number
šiyāh sheep; ewe
‫ مَتشائم‬mutašā’im pessimist
‫ شؤبوب‬šu’būb pl. ‫ شآبيب‬ša’ābīb2 downpour,
shower ‫ شأن‬ša’n pl. ‫ شؤون‬šu’ūn matter, affair, concern,
business; circumstances, state of affaire,
‫ شادر‬šādir, tent; storehouse, warehouse, case; nature, character, quality, 449 kind;
magazine situation, condition, state; significance;
‫ شاذرون‬šādarūn fountain; a small water-driven importance, consequence; standing,
gadget adorned with hells, and the like, prestige, rank; cranial future; pl. ‫شؤون‬
resembling a mobile tears; ša’na like, as │‫ بشأن‬bi-ša’ni
regarding, with regard or respect to,
‫ شاروبيم‬šārūbīm cherubim
relating to, pertaining to, concerning, as
‫ شاسي‬šāsī chassis to, about; ‫( جل شأنه‬jalla) the Sublime (of
‫ شأفة‬ša’fa root │‫ استأصل شأفته‬ista’ṣala ša’fatahū God); ‫ وزارة الشؤون الَجتماعية‬Ministry of
to extirpate, root out, eradicate s.th., Social Affairs; ‫الشؤون الخارجية‬
remove s.th. drastically (kārijīya)foreign affairs; ‫ذو الشأن‬, f. ‫ذات‬
‫ الشأن‬the responsible man, the man in
‫ شاكوش‬šākūš and ‫ شكوش‬šakūš pl. ‫شواكيش‬ charge, the man directly concerned with
šawākīš hammer │‫ ابو شاكوش‬hammerhead the matter; ‫ اولو الشأن‬ulū š-š. and ‫ذوو الشأن‬
(shark) dawū š-š. the influential people, the
‫ شال‬šāl pl. ‫ شيلن‬šīlān shawl competent people; the concerned with the
matter; ‫ شؤون الحياة‬š. al-ḥayāh worldly
‫( شاليه‬Fr. chalet) šālēh pl. -āt hunting cabin, affairs; ‫ خطير الشأن‬of great importance; ‫ذو‬
.hooting lodge; beach cabin, cabana ‫ شأن‬significant, important; ‫ رفيع الشأن‬high-
‫ شام‬VI to perceive an evil omen (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬in), ranking; (formerly, Tun.) title of members
regard as an evil portent (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب ب‬s.th.); of the Bey’s family; ‫ صاحب الشأن‬the one
to foretell calamity (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬from); to be concorned; ‫ اصحاب الشأن‬those concerned;
superstitious; to he pessimistic X to the important, influential people; O ‫مَكلف‬
perceive an evil omen (‫ ب‬in), regard as an ‫( بالشؤون‬mukallaf) chargé d’affaires (dipl.);
evil portent (‫ ب‬s.th.); to foretell calamity ( ‫شأنه في ذلك شأن الـ‬... (ša’nuhū … ša’nu l-...)
‫ ب‬from) in this matter he fares just as the …, he is,
in this respect, in the same situation as
‫ الشام‬aš-ša’m, aš-šām the northern
the ...; ‫( رجل هذا شأنه‬ša’nuhū) a man whose
region, the North; Syria; Damascus │ ‫شامَا‬
situation is this, a man who can be
‫( ويمنا‬yamanan) northward and southward
described as ..., a man in this situation; ‫شأن‬
‫ ك‬ša’naka or ‫ انت وشأن‬anta wa-ša’naka ‫ شاهاني‬šāhānī the shah’s, pertaining to
please your-self! do as you like! ‫شأنك ومَا‬ the shah; imperial │ ‫ ارادة شاهانية‬decree of
‫( تريد‬ša’naka) do as you please! just as you the Sultan (in Ottoman times)
wish! ‫( دعني وشأني‬da‘nī) let me alone! ‫تركه‬ ‫ شاهين‬šāhīn pl. ‫ شواهين‬šawāhīn2 shahin, an
‫ وشأنه‬tarakahū wa-ša’nahū to let s.o. Indian falcon (zool.) 450 (‫ شآ )شأو‬šā’a u (
alone; to let s.o. go; not to pay any ‫ شأو‬ša’w) to overtake in running, outrace (‫ه‬
attention to s.o.; ‫ هو في شأن‬he is concerned s.o.)
with a matter; ‫ هذا شأنه‬that’s his affair; ‫مَا‬
‫ شأنك‬what’s the matter with you? what do ‫ شأو‬ša’w highest point, summit, peak;
you want? ‫ مَا شأنك وهذا‬what have you got goal, object │ ‫ بعيد الشأو‬far-aiming, far-
to do with this? what business of yours is aspiring; very ambitious; ‫بلغ في شأوه‬
this? ‫( مَا شأنه والمَر‬amra) what has he got (ša’wihī) to get as far in s.th. as s.o. else,
to do with the matter? ‫ مَا شأني في ذلك‬what match s.o. in s.th.; ‫بلغ شأوا بعيدا في الرقي‬
have I got to do with that? what business (ruqīy) to undergo tremendous progress;
of mine is that? ‫( اي شأن لك في هذا‬ayyu ‫ بلغ الشأو البعيد‬to carry off the prize, hit the
ša’nin) what business of yours is this? bull’s eye
what’s that to you? ‫ له شأن في ذلك‬he has ‫ شاورمَة‬šāwarma, šāwirma (also ‫)شورمَة‬
s.th. to do with this, he has a hand in this; charcoal-broiled mutton, out in thin slices
‫( لَ شأن له في ذلك‬ša’na) he hasn’t anything and arranged conically on a vertical
to do with this, he has no part in this; ‫ليس‬ skewer (syr.)
‫ لي شأن في ذلك‬I shall have nothing to do
with that, that is none of my business, I ‫ شاوش‬šāwuš (tun.) pl. ‫ شواش‬šuwwāš sergeant;
shan’t meddle in that; ‫لَ شأن لي في ذلك‬ office boy, handy man; doorman, gate-
(ša’na) I haven’t anything to do with it, keeper
it's none of my business; ‫لي مَعه شأن آخر‬ ‫ شاويش‬šāwīš a military rank, approx.: staff
(ākar) I still have a bone to pick with him; sergeant (Eg.) │ ‫ وكيل شاويش‬a military
‫( ذهب لبعض شأنه‬li-ba‘ḍi ša’nihī) he attended rank, approx.: sergeant (Eg.)
to a task; he went to do s.th.; ‫انصرف الى‬
‫( شأنه‬inṣarafa) he left to do his work; ‫ شاي‬šāy tea
‫( اصلحت مَن شأنها‬aṣlaḥat) she made herself ‫ شب‬šabba i (‫ شباب‬šabāb, ‫ شبيبة‬šabība) to
up; ‫ اهمل شأنه‬ahmala ša’nahū he neglected become a youth or young man, to
him; ‫ ذلك شأنه‬that is his habit; ‫هذا شأنه دائما‬ adolesce, grow up; -- i u (‫ شب‬šibāb, ‫شبيب‬
he is always that way; ‫( شأنه في‬ša’nahū) as šabīb) to raise the forelegs as if about to
he used to do in ...; ‫ شأنه مَع مَن‬... (ša’nahū) jump; to rear; to prance (horse); -- i (‫شبوب‬
as he used to deal with people who ...; ‫كان‬ šubūb) to burn, blaze (fire); to break out
‫ مَن شأنه‬it was his wont, he used to ...; ‫مَن‬ (fire, war); -- u (šabb, šubūb) to light,
‫ شأنه ان‬it is in his (its) nature that ..., he (it) kindle (‫ هـ‬fire) │ ‫( شبت نيران الحرب‬nīrān al-
tends to ...; it is his business to ...; ‫ليس مَن‬ ḥarb) war broke out; ‫( شب عن الطوق‬ṭauq) to
‫ شأنه ان‬it is not his affair or business to ...; be over the initial stages, with neg.: to be
it is inappropriate for him to ...; it does not still in its infancy II to rhaplodize about a
tend to …; is not conducive to ...; ‫ان لهذا‬ beloved woman (‫ )بها‬and one’s
‫( الرجل شأنا‬rajuli) there is a man to keep an relationship to her, celebrate her in verse;
eye on, this is an important man; there is to flirt (‫ بها‬with a woman) V to rhaplodize
s.th. about this about a beloved woman (‫ )بها‬end one’s
man! ‫( لله في خلقه شؤون‬kalqihī) God has relationship to her, celebrate her in verse;
created all kinds of things (meaning: to compose love sonnets; to take fire,
strange things can happen in this world!) blaze up

‫( شانتاج‬Fr. chantage) šantāž blackmail ‫ شب‬šabb (= ‫ شاب‬šābb) youth, young


man
‫ شاه‬šāh shah; king (chess) │ ‫( شاه بلوط‬ballūṭ)
chestnut tree (bot.); ‫ شاه مَات‬checkmate ‫ شب‬šabb alum
(chess) ‫ شبة‬šabba (= šābba) young woman, girl
‫ شبة‬šabba alum
‫ شبب‬šabab fully grown (steer) ‫ شبرقة‬šabraqa pocket money
‫ شباب‬šabāb youth, youthfulness; youths, ‫ شبشب‬šibšib pl. ‫ شباشب‬šabāšib2 slipper
young men, adolescents, juveniles │ ‫تجديد‬ 1
‫ شبط‬šabaṭa to cling, cleave, hold on (‫ في‬to)
‫ الشباب‬rejuvenation
2
‫ شباط‬šubāṭ(2) February (Syr., Ir., Leb., Jord.)
‫ شبابي‬šabābī youthful, juvenile
3
‫ شبوط‬šabbūṭ (syr.) large fish found in the
‫ شبوب‬šubūb outbreak (of a war) Euphrates and Tigris rivers
‫ شبابة‬šabbāba reed flute ‫ شبع‬šabi‘a a (šab‘, šiba‘) to satisfy one’s
‫ شبيبة‬šabība youth, youthfulness; ‫الشبيبة‬ appetite (‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬with s.th.), eat one’s fill (
the youth (coll.) ‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to be or become sated,
satisfied in one’s appetite; to be full (‫ مَن‬or
‫ شاب‬šābb pl. ‫ شبان‬šubbān, ‫ شباب‬šabāb, ‫شب‬
‫ هـ‬of); to be or become fed up, surfeited (
‫ بة‬šababa youthful, juvenile, young;
‫ مَن‬with), be or become sick and tired (‫مَن‬
youth, young man
of), have enough (‫ مَن‬of) II to sate, satiate,
‫ شابة‬šābba pl. -āt, ‫ شواب‬šawābb2, ‫شبائب‬ fill (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬,‫ ب‬s.o., s.th. with); to satisfy,
šabā’ib2 young woman, girl gratify (‫ هـ‬the appetite, one’s desires, the
‫ مَشبوب‬mašbūb lighted, kindled, ignited, senses); to load, charge (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with
flaming, burning; beautiful electricity) IV to sate, satiate, fill (‫ ه ب‬s.o.
with); to satisfy, gratify (‫ هـ‬the appetite,
‫ شبت‬šibitt dill (‫هـ‬nethum graveolens; bot.) the senses); to saturate (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., with
1
‫ شبث‬šabita a (šabat) and V to cling, cleave, a dye); to load, charge (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with
hold fast, hang on, attach o.s. adhere (‫ب‬ electricity); to go in (‫ هـ‬for s.th.)
to) thoroughly; (gram.) to lengthen (‫ هـ‬a
vowel) by writing it plane; pass. ušbi‘a to
‫ شبث‬šabat pl. ‫ شبثان‬šibtān spider be replete, full (‫ ب‬with, of) │ ‫اشبع الكلم فيه‬
‫ شبث‬tašabbut tenacity; attachment, (kalāma) to speak in great detail, at great
adherence, fidelity; stubbornness, length about s.th., describe or explain s.th.
obstinacy elaborately; ‫( اشبعه ضربا‬ḍarban) to give
s.o. a sound beating V to be sated,
‫ مَتشبث‬mutašabbit tenacious; attached,
saturated (‫ ب‬with); to be filled (‫ ب‬with),
adherent; stubborn, obstinate
be full (‫ ب‬of); to be loaded or charged (‫ب‬
2
‫ شبث‬šibitt (‫هـ‬nethum graveolens; bot.) with, el.)
‫ شبح‬šabaḥ pl. ‫ شبوح‬šubūḥ, ‫ اشباح‬ašbāḥ blurred, ‫ شبع‬šab‘ sufficiency, satiety, satiation,
indistinct shape; apparition; phantom; saturation, repletion, fullness
ghost, specter, spirit; nightmare; figure,
‫ شبع‬šib‘, šiba‘ s.th. that fills or satisfies
person
the appetite, fill
1
‫ شبر‬šabara u i (šibr) to measure (‫ هـ‬s.th.) with
‫ شبع‬šaba‘ saturation (chem.)
the span of the hand II do.; to gesticulate,
make gestures, to gesture ‫ شبعة‬šub‘a fill
‫ شبر‬šibr pl. ‫ اشبار‬ašbār span of the hand ‫ شبعان‬šab‘ān f. ‫ شبعى‬šab‘ā, pl. ‫شباعي‬
│ ‫( شبرا فشبرا‬fa-šibran) inch by inch; 451 šabā‘ā, ‫ شباع‬šibā‘ sated, satisfied, full;
‫( شبر مَن الرض‬arḍ) a foot of ground; ‫قلده‬ rich
‫( شبرا بشبر وذراعا بذراع‬qalladahū) to imitate ‫ اشباع‬išbā‘ satiation, saturation,
s.o. or s.th. religiously; to follow s.th. repletion, filling; satisfaction, gratification
literally
2
‫ مَشبع‬mušabba‘, mušba‘ satiated,
‫ شبور‬šabbūr pl. ‫ شبابير‬šabābīr2 trumpet saturated (‫ ب‬with); replete, filled (‫ ب‬with),
3
‫ شبورة‬šabbūra and ‫ شابورة‬šābūra (eg.) fog, full (‫ ب‬of) │ ‫( مَشبع بالكهرباء‬kahrabā’)
mist electrically charged
2
‫ شبرق‬šabraqa to tear to pieces, to shred (‫هـ‬ ‫ شبق‬šabiqa a (šabaq) to be lewd, lecherous,
s.th.) lustful
‫ شبق‬šabaq lewdness, lechery, ‫ اشتباك‬ištibāk entanglement,
licentiousness, lust involvement (‫ في‬in); complication; hand-
to-hand fight, scuffle, melee (‫ مَع‬with),
‫ شبق‬šabiq lewd, lecherous, lustful,
clash (‫ ب‬with) │ ‫عدم الَاشتباك في القتال‬
licentious
(‘adam al-išt.) nonintervention in battle
2
‫ شبق‬šubuq chibouk
‫ مَشبك‬mušabbak plaited, resembling
1
‫ شبك‬šabaka i (šabk) to interjoin, intertwine, plaitwork; (pl. -āt) window (or door)
interlace, interweav., entangle (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to adorned with plaited latticework
fasten, tighten, attach (‫ هـ‬s.th. or ‫ في‬to) II
‫ مَشتبك‬muštabik entangled, involved,
to interjoin, intertwine, interlace,
complicated, intricate
interweave, entangle, complicate (‫ بين‬or ‫هـ‬
s.th.); to crochet V to be interjoined, ‫ مَشتبك‬muštabak plaitwork; thicket (of
intertwined, interlaced, interwoven, branches)
entangled; to b. or become complicated, 2
‫ شبك‬šubuk chibouk
involved, intricate, confused VI to be
3
intertwined, interlaced, interwoven, ‫ شوبك‬look up alphabetically
entangled; to be intermeshed, be ‫ شبل‬IV to take care (‫ على‬of s.o.), look (‫ على‬after
interwoven like a net VIII to be or become s.o.), take s.o. (‫ )على‬in hand
interjoined, interlaced, interwoven, net-
like, reticulate; to be intertwined ‫ شبل‬šibl pl. ‫ اشبال‬ašbāl lion cub
(branches), be interlocked (hands); to be ‫ شبين‬šabīn, šibin pl. ‫ شباين‬šabāyin2 godfather,
or become entangled, snarled; to get sponsor (Chr.); best man, groomsman
entangled, involved, ensnared, embroiled, (Chr.)
implicated, mixed up (‫ في‬in); to com. to
blows or to gripe 452 (‫ ب‬or ‫ مَع‬with s.o.); ‫ شبينة‬šabīna, šibīna pl. -āt godmother,
to be or become complicated, involved, sponsor (Chr.); bridesmaid (Chr.)
intricate, confused (matter); to join, unite, ‫ اشبين‬išbīn pl. ‫ اشابين‬ašābīn2 godfather,
combine, coalesce, merge, fuse (‫ ب‬with); sponsor (Chr.); best man, groomsman
to meet (eyes, glances) │ ‫ اشتبك في حديث‬to (Chr.)
be drawn into a conversation, become
‫ اشبينة‬išbīna godmother, sponsor (Chr.);
engrossed in a discussion; ‫اشتبك في حرب‬
bridesmaid (Chr.)
(ḥarb) to become involved in a war
‫ شبه‬II to make equal or similar (‫ ب‬or ‫هـ‬
‫ شبكة‬šabaka pl. ‫ شبك‬šabak, ‫ شباك‬šibāk, ‫شب‬
‫ هـ‬s.th. to s.th. else); to compare (‫ ب هـ‬s.th.
‫ وكات‬šubūkāt net; netting, network; snare;
with), liken (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. to); pass. šubbiha to
-- (pl. ‫ شباك‬šibāk) O grid (radio) ‫شبكة شائكة‬
be doubtful, dubious, uncertain, obscure (
barbed-wire entanglement, concertina; ‫شبك‬
‫ على‬to s.o.) III to resemble (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.),
‫( ة لَسلكية‬lā-silkīya) radio network
bear a resemblance, be similar (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o.,
‫ شبكي‬šabakī reticulate, reticular, netted, to s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)هـ‬, look
net-like; retinal; of framework (exactly) like s.o. (‫ ومَا شابه ذلك │ )ه‬and the
‫ شبكية‬šabakīya retina (anat.) like IV to resemble (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), bear a
resemblance, be similar (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to
‫ شباك‬šubbāk pl. ‫ شبابيك‬šabābīk2 netting, s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)هـ‬to look
network; plaitwork; grid, grill; window; (exactly) like s.o. (‫ ومَا اشبه ذلك │ )ه‬and the
wicket (post office, box office, etc.) │ ‫شباك‬ like V to compare o.s. (‫ ب‬with); to imitate,
‫ العرض‬š. al-‘arḍ show window, showcase, copy (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.) VI to resemble one
glass case another, be similar to one another; to be
‫ مَشبك‬mišbak pl. ‫ مَشابك‬mašābik2 hook; equal to one another, be identical; to be
clasp, pin; hairpin, bobby pin │ ‫مَشبك الورق‬ ambiguous, unclear VIII to resemble one
m. al-waraq paper clip another, be similar to one another; to be in
doubt (‫ في‬about), doubt (‫ في‬s.th.); to
‫ تشابك‬tašābuk confusion, intricacy, suspect (‫ في امَره‬or ‫ في‬s.o., s.th.); to be
obscurity, abstruseness doubtful, dubious, obscure (‫ على‬to s.o.) │
‫ اشتبه في المَر‬the matter appeared doubtful ‫ اشتباه‬ištibāh resemblance, similarity,
to him likeness; dubiousness, doubtfulness,
obscurity, inscrutability; doubt, misgiving,
‫ شبه‬šibh pl. ‫ اشباه‬ašbāh resemblance,
suspicion
similarity, likeness; image, picture;
analogue; similar, (a)like; -like, quasi-, ‫ مَشبوه‬mašbūh suspicious, suspect;
semi- (with foll. genit.) │ ‫ شبه‬šibhu dubious, doubtful; notorious; a suspect
jazīratin peninsula; ‫ شبه حربي‬š. ḥarbī semi- ‫ مَشابه‬mušābih similar
military; ‫ شبه المنحرف‬š. al-munḥarif 453
trapezoid (geom.); ‫ شبه رسمي‬š. rasmī semi- ‫ مَتشابهات‬mutašābihāt obscure, not
official, officious (dipl.); ‫ شبه الظل‬š. aẓ-ẓill clearly intelligible passages in the Koran
penumbra; ‫ شبه قارة‬subcontinent; ‫شبه المعين‬ ‫( مَشتبه فيه‬muštabah) or ‫مَشتبه في امَره‬
š. al-mu‘ayyan rhomboid (geom.); ‫اشباهه‬ (amrihī) suspicious, suspect; a suspect;
ašbāhuhū the likes of him, his kind; ‫وشبههم‬ ‫ مَشتبه فيه ب‬suspected of s.th. │ ‫مَشتبه في‬
and the likes of them, and their sort (of ‫( صنعه‬ṣan‘ihī) of doubtful make
people); ‫‘( في شبه عزلة تامَة‬uzlatin tāmma)
all but completely isolated, as good as ‫ شبا‬šaban tip, point │ ‫( فل مَن شباه‬falla) to
completely isolated weaken s.o.
‫ شبه‬šabah pl. ‫ اشباه‬ašbāh resemblance, ‫ شباة‬šabāh pl. ‫ شبوات‬šabawāt tip, point;
similarity, likeness; image, picture; sting, prick
analogue; similar, (a)like; brass ‫ شت‬šatta i (šatt, ‫ شتات‬šatāt, ‫ شتيت‬šatīt)
‫ شبهة‬subha pl. ‫ شبهات‬šubhāt, šubahāt, to be scattered, be dispersed, be dissolved;
šubuhāt obscurity, vagueness, uncertainty; -- šatta i to scatter, disperse, break up (‫ هم‬a
doubt; suspicion; specious argument, crowd, etc., ‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫شت شملهم‬
sophism; judicial error (Isl. Law) │ ‫ذوو‬ (šamlahum) to disperse or break up the
‫ الشبهات‬dawū š-šubuhāt or ‫اصحاب الشبهات‬ gathering of people, dissolve their unity II
dubious persons, people of ill repute; ‫تحت‬ to disperse, scatter, break up (‫ هم‬a crowd,
‫ الشبهة‬suspicious, suspect etc., ‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( شتت شملهم‬šamlahum) = ‫شت‬
‫ شملهم‬IV = II V to be scattered, be
‫ شبهان‬šabahān brass dispersed, be dissolved, scatter, disperse,
‫ شبيه‬šabīh pl. ‫ شباه‬šibāh similar (‫ ب‬to), breakup
like, resembling (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.) │ ‫شبيه‬ ‫ شت‬šatt pl. ‫ اشتات‬aštāt dispersed,
‫( بالمنحرف‬munḥarif) trapezoid (geom.); ‫شبيه‬ separate(d), scattered, dissolved; pl. ‫اشتات‬
‫( بالرسمي‬rasmī) semi-official, officious manifold, variegated, diverse; scattered
(dipl.); ‫( شبيه بالمعين‬mu‘ayyan) rhomboid fragments, single pieces, sections (‫ مَن‬of)
(geom.)
‫ شتات‬šatāt dispersed, separate(d),
‫ اشبه‬ašbah2 more similar, more scattered, dissolved
resembling, more like │ ‫ هو اشبه ب‬he
resembles … more than anything else, he ‫ شتيت‬šatīt pl. or ‫ شتى‬šattā dispersed,
is just like … separate(d), scattered, dissolved; pl. ‫شتى‬
diverse, sundry, various, different,
‫ مَشابه‬mašābih2 similarities, related traits manifold, miscellaneous, all kinds of │ ‫شت‬
‫ تشبيه‬tašbīh comparison; allegory, ‫ ى بينهما‬or what a difference between the
simile, parable; ascription of human two of them! how different they are!
characteristics to God, ‫ شتان‬šattāna: ‫ شتان‬,‫ شتان مَا بينهما‬,‫شتان بينهما‬
anthropomorphization (of God, theol.) ‫ بين – و‬what a difference between …
‫ مَشابهة‬mušābaha pl. -āt resemblance, and ...! how different they are! 454
similarity, likeness ‫ تشتيت‬taštīt dispersion, scattering,
‫ تشبه‬tašabbuh imitation (‫ ب‬of) dissolution; disruption, splitting,
splintering
‫ تشابه‬tašābuh resemblance, similarity,
1
likeness; vagueness, haziness, ‫ شتر‬šatara i to cut off, tear off, rip off (‫هـ‬
indistinctness, obscurity s.th.); to tear (up) (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
2
‫شترات‬šitrāt citrate, salt of citric acid ‫ شجب‬šajab sorrow, grief, worry;
distress, affliction
‫ شتل‬šatala i to plant, transplant (‫ هـ‬a plant)
‫ شجاب‬šijāb pl. ‫ شجب‬šujub clothes hook
‫ شتلة‬šatla pl. ‫ شتول‬šutūl, ‫ شتائل‬šatā’il2
(attached to the wall)
seedling, set, transplant
‫ مَشجب‬mišjab pl. ‫ مَشاجب‬mašājib2 clothes
‫ مَشتل‬maštal pl. ‫ مَشاتل‬mašātil2 (plant)
hook, clothes rack
nursery, arboretum
‫ شجر‬šajara u (šajr) to happen, occur; to break
‫ شتم‬šatama i u (šatm) and III to abuse, revile,
out, develop (unrest) III to quarrel, argue,
vilify, scold (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to vilify one
dispute (‫ مَع‬or ‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to quarrel,
another, abuse one another, heap curses
fight, dispute (with one another); to
upon one another
quarrel, argue, fight (‫ مَع‬with) VIII do.
‫ شتم‬šatm abuse, vilification
‫ الحروف الشجرية‬al-ḥurūf aš-šajrīya the
‫ شتام‬šattām one who indulges in sounds j, š, ḍ (phon.)
frequent abuse or vilification; impudent,
‫ شجر‬šajar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اشجار‬ašjār
insolent, impertinent, abusive
trees; shrubs, bushes
‫ شتيم‬šatīm abused, reviled, vilified,
‫ شجرة‬šajara pl. -āt tree; shrub, bush │
insulted
‫ شجر النسب‬š. an-nasab genealogical tree
‫ شتيمة‬šatīma pl. ‫ شتائم‬šatā’im2 abuse,
‫ شجر‬šajir woody, wooded, abounding
vilification, vituperation, insult
in trees
‫ مَشاتمة‬mušātama vilification,
‫ شجير‬šajīr pl. ‫ شجراء‬šujarā’2 bad
vituperation
companion, bad company
(‫ شتا )شتو‬šatā u (šatw) to pass the winter, to
‫ شجيرة‬šujaira pl. -āt shrub, bush
winter (‫ ب‬at a place); to hibernate II = I; to
rain V to pass the winter, to winter, ‫ شجار‬šijār (wooden) bar, bolt
hibernate (‫ ب‬at a place) ‫ اشجر‬ašjar2, f. ‫ شجراء‬šajrā’2 woody,
‫ شتاء‬šitā’ pl. ‫ اشتية‬aštiya, ‫ شتى‬šutīy wooded, abounding in trees
winter; rains, rainy season ‫ تشجير‬tašjīr afforestation
‫ شتوي‬šatwī, šatawī wintery, hibernal, ‫ شجار‬šijār fight, quarrel; dispute,
winter (adj.) argument; see also above 455
‫ مَشتى‬maštan pl. ‫ مَشات‬mašātin winter ‫ مَشاجرة‬mušājara fight, quarrel; dispute,
residence, winter quarters; winter resort argument
‫ شات‬šātin wintery, hibernal ‫ مَشجر‬mušajjar figured with designs of
‫ مَشتى‬mušattan winter residence, winter plants, branched (cloth)
quarters; winter resort ‫ مَشجر‬musjir abounding in trees,
‫ شتى‬šattā pl. of ‫ شتيت‬šatīt (see ‫)شت‬ wooded
2
‫ شج‬šajja i (šajj) to break, split, cleave, fracture, ‫ شجران‬šajarān shagreen (leather)
bash in (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. the skull) ‫ شجع‬šaju‘a u (‫ شجاعة‬šajā‘a) to be courageous,
‫ شجة‬šajja pl. ‫ شجاج‬šijāj head wound brave, valiant, hold II to encourage,
which lays open the skull; skull fracture embolden, hearten (‫ على ه‬s.o. to); to favor,
support, hack, promote, further (‫ هـ ه‬s.o.,
‫ شجب‬šajaba u (šajb) and II to doom to
s.th.) V to take heart, pluck up courage; to
destruction, to min, destroy (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
show o.s. courageous; to be encouraged
condemn morally, criticize sharply (‫هـ‬
s.th.) IV to afflict, grieve (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ شجاع‬šujā‘, šijā‘ pl. ‫ شجعة‬šaja‘a, ‫شجعان‬
šuj‘ān courageous, brave, valiant, bold;
‫ شجب‬šajb destruction, routing, crushing
hero; ‫ الشجاع‬Hydra (astron.)
‫ شجيع‬šajī‘ pl. m. ‫ شجعاء‬šuja‘ā’2, ‫شجعان‬ fearful; gripping, heart-rending, touching,
šuj‘ān, pl. f. ‫ شجائع‬šajā’i‘2, ‫ شجاع‬šijā‘ moving (vocal part, music)
courageous, brave, valiant, bold, ‫ مَشج‬mušajjin moving, touching,
audacious gripping, pathetic
‫ شجاعة‬sajā‘a courage, bravery, valor, ‫ شح‬šaḥḥa (1st pers. perf. šaḥaḥtu) u i (šuḥḥ) to
valiance, boldness, audacity be or become stingy, tight-fisted,
‫ اشجع‬ašja‘2, f. ‫ شجعاء‬šaj‘ā’2 courageous, avaricious, miserly, niggardly; to stint,
brave, valiant, bold, audacious economize (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬with or in s.th., ‫على‬
toward s.o.); to be covetous, greedy (‫على‬
‫ اشجع‬ašja‘, išjā‘ pl. ‫ اشاجع‬ašāji‘2
or ‫ ب‬for); to become short, run out,
(proximal or lint) phalanx of the finger
decrease, dwindle III to stint, be niggardly,
‫ تشجيع‬tašjī‘ encouragement, heartening, be sparing; to withhold (‫ ب‬from s.o. ‫على‬
animation (‫ على‬to); favoring, furtherance, s.th.)
promotion, advancement
‫ شح‬šuḥḥ stinginess, avarice,
‫ مَشجع‬mušajji‘ encourager; promoter, niggardliness; greed, covetousness;
supporter, advocate, proponent scarcity, paucity, sparsity; ebb
‫ شجن‬šajina a to be sad, grieved, distressed, ‫ شحيح‬šaḥīḥ pl. ‫ شحاح‬šiḥāḥ, ‫ اشحة‬ašiḥḥa, ‫ا‬
worried; to coo (pigeon); -- šajana u ‫ شحاء‬ašiḥḥā’2, pl. f. ‫ شحائح‬šaḥā’iḥ2 stingy,
(šajn, ‫ شجون‬šujūn) to sadden, grieve, tight-fisted, niggardly, miserly, avaricious
distress, worry (‫ ه‬s.o.) II and IV = šajana (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬with, ‫ على‬toward): 456 short,
‫ شجن‬šajan pl. ‫ شجون‬šujūn, ‫ اشجان‬ašjān scarce, meager, sparse; greedy, covetous (
worry, anxiety, apprehension; sorrow, ‫ على‬or) │ ‫( اليام الشحائح‬ayyām) the rainless
grief, distress, sadness; (pl. šujun) twig, days, the dry season
branch │‫ الحديث شجون‬conversation drifts ‫ مَشاحة‬mušāḥḥa: ‫لَ مَشاحة في ذلك‬.
from one topic to another (mušāḥḥata) that is incontestable; ‫لَ مَشاحة‬
(‫ شجو‬and ‫ شجا )شجى‬šajā u (‫ شجو‬šajw) to worry, ‫ ان‬it is incontestable that ...,
trouble, grieve, sadden, distress, fill with indisputably ...; ‫ ولَ مَشاحة‬incontestably,
anxiety (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ‫ شجى‬šajiya a (‫ شجا‬šajan) indisputably
to be or become worried, troubled, ‫ شحب‬šaḥaba u a (‫ شحوب‬šuḥūb), šaḥūba
grieved, sad, distressed, anxious, u (‫ شحوبة‬šuḥūba) and pass. šuḥiba to be or
apprehensive II to move, touch, grip (‫ه‬ become pale, wan, sallow, emaciated,
s.o.) IV to grieve, worry, trouble, sadden, lean, haggard; to look ill, sickly
fill with anxiety (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ شحوب‬šuḥūb paleness, pallor, wanness,
‫ شج‬šajin, f. ‫ شجية‬šajiya worried, sallowness, emaciation
troubled, grieved, sad, anxious,
‫ شاحب‬šāḥib pl. ‫ شواحب‬šawāḥib2 pale,
apprehensive
wan, sallow; emaciated, lean, haggard;
‫ شجو‬šajw grief, worry, distress, anxiety, dim, pale (e.g., light); dull, faded (color);
apprehension, sadness; fear; affectedness, wan (smile)
emotion; wailing, plaintive, moving strain
□‫ شحت‬šaḥata (= ‫ )شحذ‬to beg, ask for
(of a tune, of a song, of an instrument)
alms
‫ شجوى‬šajawī worried, troubled, grieved,
□‫ شحات‬šaḥḥāt pl. ‫ ة‬beggar │ □ ‫شحات‬
distressed, sad
‫ العين‬š. al-‘ain sty (med.)
‫ شجا‬and ‫ شجى‬šajān foreign body in the
‫ شحذ‬šaḥada a (šaḥd) to whet, sharpen,
throat which inhibits breathing; ‫شجا‬
practice, train, strengthen (‫ هـ‬s.th., also,
affectedness, emotion, being moved, a
e.g., the intellect, one’s forces); to hone,
touching, pathetic mood; also = ‫ شجو‬šajw
strop (‫ هـ‬a knife); to beg, ask for alms (‫ه‬
‫ شجى‬šajīy worried, troubled, grieved, s.o.)
distressed, sad; anxious, apprehensive,
‫ شحاذ‬šaḥḥād (importunate) beggar │ ‫شح‬ ‫ تشحم‬tašaḥḥum fatness, obesity
‫ اذ العين‬š. al-‘ain sty (med.) ‫ مَشحم‬mušaḥḥam fat, fatty, greasy
‫ شحاذة‬beggary ‫ مَشحم‬mušḥim pulpy, mushy, pappy
‫ مَشحذ‬mišḥad, ‫ مَشحذة‬mišḥada whetstone, (fruit)
hone ‫ شحن‬šaḥana a (šaḥn) to fill up (‫ هـ ب‬s.th. with);
‫ شحر‬II to soot, besmut, blacken with soot (‫هـ‬ to load, freight (‫ هـ ب‬so ship with); to ship,
s.th.) freight, consign (‫ هـ‬goods); to 457 load,
charge (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with, el.); to drive away,
‫ شحار‬šuḥḥār soot
chase away, repel (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to hate (‫ه‬
‫ مَشحر‬mašḥar charcoal kiln, pile s.o.); to quarrel, argue, fight (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
‫ مَشحري‬mašḥarī charcoal burner IV to fill up (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with); to load,
freight (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with) VI to hate one
‫ شحرور‬šuḥrūr pl. ‫ شحارير‬šaḥārīr2 thrush, another; to quarrel, have a feud
blackbird (zool.)
‫ شحن‬šaḥn loading, freighting; shipment,
‫ مَشحر‬mušaḥḥar sooty freightage; cargo, lading, load, freight │
‫ شحط‬šaḥṯa a (šaḥṯ) to be far away, distant, ‫ بوليسة الشحن‬būlīsat aš-š. sill of lading; ‫سيارة‬
remote; to strike (‫ هـ‬a match); to strand, be ‫ شحن‬sayyārat š. truck, lorry
stranded, run aground (ship); to ground on ‫ شحنة‬šaḥna pl. šaḥanāt cargo, lading,
a sandbank II to strand, be stranded, run load, freight; charge (el.)
aground (ship); to ground on a sandbank;
to strand (‫ هـ‬a ship) ‫ شحنة‬šiḥna police, police force

‫ شحطة‬šaḥṭa pl. -āt stripe, braid (on a ‫ شحناء‬šaḥnā’2 grudge, rancor, hatred,
uniform) enmity

‫ شحاطة‬šaḥḥāṭa pl. -āt (syr.) match, ‫ مَشاحنة‬mušāḥana pl. -āt grudge, rancor,
lucifer hatred, enmity; quarrel, feud, controversy

‫ شحيطة‬šuḥḥaiṭa (syr.) match, lucifer ‫ شاحن‬šāḥin loaded, laden, freighted


(esp. ship) │ O ‫ شاحن المركم‬š. al-markam
‫ شاحط‬šāḥiṭ far (away), distant, remote, battery charger
outlying, out-of-the-way; stranded
‫ شاحنة‬šāḥina pl. -āt truck, lorry;
‫ شحم‬šaḥuma u (‫ شحامَة‬šaḥāma) to be or become baggage car
fat II to grease, lubricate (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَشحون‬mašḥūn loaded, laden, freighted
‫ شحم‬šaḥm pl. ‫ شحوم‬šuḥum, ‫شحومَات‬ (esp. ship); charged (el.); pl. ‫مَشحونات‬
šuḥūmāt fat, suet, grease; axle grease, cargo, lading, load, freight
lubricant; tallow, sebum; lard; pulp (of
fruit) ‫ شحور‬šaḥwara to soot, besmut, blacken with
soot (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ شحمة‬šaḥma (n. un.) a piece of fat, etc.
(see ‫ شحمة الذن │ )شحم‬š. al-udun earlobe; ‫ شحور‬šaḥwar blackbird (zool.)
‫ شحمة الرض‬s. al-arḍ truffle; ‫ شحمة العين‬š. ‫ شحور‬šaḥwār soot, smut
al-‘ain eyeball
‫ شخ‬šakka u (šakk) to urinate, piss, make water
‫ شحمي‬šaḥmī fatty, sebaceous, stearic
‫ شخ‬šakk urine, piss
‫ شحم‬šaḥim pulpy, mushy, pappy (fruit)
‫ شخاخ‬šakāk urine, piss
‫ شحيم‬šaḥīm fat, fatty
‫ مَشخخة‬miškaka public lavatory
O ‫ مَشحمة‬mišḥama pl. ‫ مَشاحم‬mašāḥim2
‫ شخب‬šakaba u a (šakb) to flow, stream, run,
grease box (of a wheel)
pour forth, gush forth
‫ تشحيم‬tašḥīm lubrication, greasing,
‫ شخبط‬šakbaṭa to scribble, scrawl (in writing)
oiling (of a machine) │ ‫زيوت التشحيم‬
lubricating oils, lubricants
‫ شختور‬šaktūr, ‫ شختورة‬pl. ‫ شخاتير‬šakātīr large, ‫ تشخيصي‬diagnostic │ ‫طبيب تشخيصي‬
flat-bottomed (wooden) barge; punt diagnostician
‫ شخر‬šakara i (‫ شخير‬šakīr) to snore; to snort; to ‫ شاخص‬šākiṣ fixed, glazed (glance);
neigh, whinny; to bray (donkey) pole, stake (eg.)
‫ شخشخ‬šakšaka to rattle, clatter, clank ‫ مَشخص‬mušakkiṣ actor, player;
representative
‫( شخشخية‬eg.) šukšēka pl. ‫ شخاشخ‬šakāšik
rattle (toy); toy, plaything; skylight ‫ مَشخصة‬mušakkaṣa pl. -āt actress,
player; personality
‫ شخص‬šakaṣa a (‫ شخوص‬šukūṣ) to rise, tower
‫ مَشخصات‬mušakkiṣāt qualities or factors
up; to become high, lofty; to rise, ascend
lending s.th. its distinctive character,
(star); to appear (‫ ل‬to s.c.); to stare, gaze (
peculiarities, characteristics
‫ الى‬at, of the eye), be fixed (‫ الى‬on, of the
glance); to be glazed (eyes of a dying ‫ شخط‬šakaṭa (eg.) to shout, bark, bellow (‫ في‬at
person); to start out, leave, depart (‫ الى‬to s.o.)
see s.o., for a place), travel, journey (‫ الى‬to ‫ شخلل‬šaklala (eg.) to jingle, tinkle; to clatter,
s.o., to a place); to pass (‫ مَن الى‬from one rattle (‫ ب‬with); to coquet, flirt
state or condition into another) │ ‫شخص‬
‫( بصره‬baṣarahū) or ‫ شخص ببصره‬to fix ‫ شخليلة‬šaklīla (eg.) jingle, jangle,
one’s eyes, one’s glance (‫ الى‬on), look tinkling
fixedly (‫ الى‬at s.o.), stare, gaze (‫ الى‬at) II to ‫ شد‬šadda i (‫ شدة‬šidda) to be or become
represent as a person or individual, firm, fast, solid, hard, strong, vigorous,
personify (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to specify (‫ هـ‬s.th.), rosust, vehement, violent, intense; --
identify (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to act, play (‫ هـ‬a šadda u i (šadd) to make firm, hard,
part, of the actor); to perform (actor) │ strong, solidify, harden, srace (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
‫( شخص مَرضا‬maraḍan) to diagnose a strengthen, fortify (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
disease IV to send off, send out, dispatch ( tighten, pull taut, draw tight (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g.,
‫ ه‬s.o.) V to appear, be revealed, show o.s. ( the sow); to fasten, tie, sind (‫ الى‬or ‫على هـ‬
‫ ل‬to s.o.) s.th. on, to), lash (‫ على هـ‬s.th. on); to saddle
‫ شخص‬šakṣ pl. ‫ اشخاص‬aškāṣ, ‫شخوص‬ (‫ على‬an animal); to put emphasis (‫على كلمة‬
šukūṣ individual, person; figure; character ‘alā kalimatin on word), emphasize, stress
(of a play); someone, somebody (‫ على كلمة‬a word); to pull, drag (‫ ه مَن‬s.o. sy
the coat); to charge, launch an attack (‫على‬
‫ شخصي‬šakṣī personal, private, of one’s against, on), assault, attack (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.);
own; ‫ شخصيا‬šakṣīyan personally │ ‫قانون‬ to press (‫ على‬s.th. or upon s.th.), exert
‫ )نظام( الحوال الشخصية‬personal statute pressure (‫ على‬on); to insist (‫ في‬on s.th.) │
‫ شخصية‬šakšīya pl. -āt individuality, ‫ شد مَا‬šadda-mā and ‫( لشد مَا‬la-šadda) (with
personality (also = personage); distinctive foll. vers) how much ...! very often ...;
way of life, peculiarity, distinctive very much, exceedingly, vehemently,
character, personal stamp; identity │ ‫شخصي‬ violently; ‫ لشد مَا كان سرورنا اذ‬tremendous
‫( ة اعتبارية‬i‘tibārīya) legal person (jur.); was our joy when …; ‫( شد ازره‬azrahū) or
‫ تحقيق الشخصية‬identification of a person; ‫ شد مَن ازره‬to help, support, encourage,
‫ شهادة تحقيق الشخصية‬šahādat t. aš-š. identity sack up s.o.; ‫( شد ازره‬azruhū) to be
card; ‫ قلم تحقيق الشخصية‬qalam t. aš-š. bureau energetic, vigorous, courageous; ‫شد الزمَام‬
of identification 458 to tighten the reins, master the situation;
‫ شد مَن عزائمه‬to strengthen s.o.’s
‫ شخصاتي‬šakṣātī (comic) actor,
determination; ‫‘( شدعضده‬aḍudahū) to
comedian
strengthen, support, solster, assist s.o.; ‫شد‬
‫ تشخيص‬taškīṣ personification; exact ‫( على راحلته‬be saddled his female riding
designation, specification; identification; camel =) he started out on the journey; ‫شد‬
diagnosis; acting, performance (on stage), ‫ على راحلته‬to start out, depart, leave (‫الى‬
play(ing) (of an actor) for); ‫( شد وثاقه‬watāqahū) to shackle, fetter
s.o.; ‫( شد يده على‬yadahū) to adhere, cling to
s.th.; ‫( شد على يديه‬yadaihi) to clasp s.o.’s foll. subst. frequently corresponding to
hands II to strengthen, intensify (‫ هـ‬s.th.), Engl. “very”, e.g., ‫ شديد الَعتناء‬very
make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) strong, hard, harsh, severe; attentive, very careful │ ‫( ارض شديدة‬arḍ)
(gram.) to intensify, dousle, geminate (‫ هـ‬a solid or firm ground; ‫ شديد البأس‬š. al-ba’s
consonant); to exert pressure ( ‫على‬on), courageous, stouthearted, bold, audacious,
press (‫ على‬upon); to be hard, strict, stern ( brave, valiant; ‫ شديد الشكيمة‬stubborn,
‫ على في‬toward s.o. in); to impress (‫على ب‬ obstinate, unbending, unyielding,
upon s.o. s.th.) │ ‫( شدد في طلبه‬ṭalasihī) to relentless; ‫ شديد اللهجة‬š. al-lahja strongly
demand s.th. emphatically or inexorasly; worded, vehement in language, sharp in
‫( شدد مَن عزيمته‬šuddida) he was tone; ‫ شديد الوطأة‬š. al-waṭ’a cruel
strengthened in his determination III to ‫ شديدة‬šadīda pl. ‫ شدائد‬šadā’id2
argue, have an argument, an exchange of misfortune, calamity, misery, adversity,
words (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to be hard, harsh, distress, hardship, affliction, discomfort
strict, severe, stern (‫ على‬toward); to be or
become violent, vehement, intense, ‫ اشد‬ašadd2 stronger, more intense,
strong; to show o.s. stem, harsh, hard, severer, harder, worse │ used with foll.
inexorasle, be relentless, remain unmoved, indeterminate abstract substantives as
unrelenting VI to argue with one another paraphrase of simple elatives, e.g., ‫اشد سوادا‬
VIII to be or become hard, harsh, (sawādan) blacker, ‫( اشد غضبا‬gaḍaban)
rigorous, intense, forceful, severe, strong, more wrathful, angrier; ‫اشد مَا يكون‬
vehement, violent, passionate; to become extremely, exceedingly, very much, e.g.,
harder, harsher, more rigorous, more ‫( روحهم اشد مَا يكون تعطشا الى العلم‬rūḥuhum,
intense, more forceful, severer, stronger, ta‘attušan, ‘ilm) they are extremely eager
more vehement, more violent, more for knowledge
passionate; to intensify, increase, grow; to ‫ اشد‬ašudd physical maturity, virility │
become aggravated, more critical; to ‫ بلغ اشده‬to attain full maturity, come of
become tormenting, excruciating, legal age; to reach its climax
distressing, unbearable 459 (‫ على‬for s.o.),
take a turn for the worse (disease, ‫ على‬with ‫ مَشد‬mišadd pl. -āt corset, stays
s.o.); to be advanced (time of the day); to ‫ تشديد‬tašdīd intensification,
run, race, dash │ ‫( اشتد ساعده‬sā‘iduhū) to strengthening; (gram.) intensified
become strong, vigorous pronunciation, germination, doubling (of a
‫ شد‬šadd: ‫ شد الحبل‬š. al-ḥabl tug of war consonant); doubling sign over a
consonant; pressure (‫ على‬on)
‫ شدة‬šadda (n. vic.) strengthening,
intensification; stress, emphasis; pulling, ‫ مَشادة‬mušādda exchange of words,
dragging, tugging; tightness, tautness; squabble, argument, quarrel, fight,
stress, strain; doubling sign over a controversy, conflict
consonant (gram.) │ ‫ شدة ورق اللعب‬š. ‫ اشتداد‬ištidād aggravation,
waraq al-la‘b deck of cards intensification, increase; deterioration
‫ شدة‬šidda strength, forcefulness, power, ‫ مَشدود‬mašdūd tense, tight, taut
vehemence, violence, intensity, severity,
force, high degree, (pl. ‫ شدائد‬šadā’id2) ‫ مَشدد‬mušaddid: ‫ ظروف مَشددة‬aggravating
misfortune, calamity, misery, adversity, circumstances
distress, hardship, affliction, discomfort ‫ مَشدد‬mušaddad doubled (letter; gram.);
‫ شداد‬šadād pl. ‫ اشدة‬ašidda riding saddle emphatic, intense; severe, stern
(of a camel) ‫ مَتشدد‬mutašaddid pl. -ūn stem zealot,
‫ شديد‬šadīd pl. ‫ اشداء‬ašiddā’2, ‫ شداد‬šidād bigot, proponent of a stern viewpoint
strong, powerful, forceful, vigorous, stem, ‫ شدح‬šadaka a (šadk) to break, shatter, smash,
severe, rigorous, hard, harsh, violent, crush (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II do.
vehement, intense; bad, evil, ominous,
‫ شادر‬šādir pl. ‫ شوادر‬šawādir2 tent; storehouse,
calamitous, difficult (‫ على‬for s.o.); with
warehouse, magazine
‫ شادوف‬šādūf pl. ‫ شوادف‬šawādīr (eg.) shadoof, ‫ شذوذ‬irregularity, deviation, anomaly,
counterpoised sweep for raising irrigation exception (‫ عن‬to); curiosity, eccentricity,
water eccentric character
‫ شدق‬V to announce (‫ ب‬s.th.) in a boastful, ‫ شاذ‬šādd pl. ‫ شذاذ‬šudād, ‫ شواذ‬šawādd2
bragging, loud-mouthed manner, to vaunt isolated, separate(d), detached, alone;
(‫ ب‬s.th.); to chatter, prattle │ ‫تشدق بالكلم‬ irregular, abnormal, anomalous, unusual,
(kalām) to enunciate overcarefully, speak extraordinary, exceptional, singular,
affectedly; to be agape curious, queer, odd, peculiar, strange,
eccentric; noncanonical (version); pl. ‫شواذ‬
‫ شدق‬šidq pl. ‫ اشداق‬ašdāq corner of the
exceptions │ ‫ شاذ الخلق‬of deviant (=
mouth; jawbone │ ‫ضحك بملء )مَلء( شدقيه‬
inferior) character; ‫ شاذ الطبع‬š. aṭ-ṯab‘, ‫شاذ‬
460 ḍaḥika bi-mil’i (mil’a) šidqaihi to grin
‫ شاذ الطوار‬,‫ الطبع‬eccentric, extravagant,
from ear to ear
crazy; ‫ شذاذ الفاق‬the foreigners, the
‫ اشدق‬ašdaq2, f. ‫ شدقاء‬šadqā’2 having a strangers
large mouth, largemouthed
‫ شواذات‬šawāddāt peculiarities,
‫ مَتشدق‬mutaš8addiq pl. -ūn braggart, idiosyncrasies
boaster, bigmouth
‫ شذب‬šadaba i u (šadb) to out off, sever (‫هـ‬
‫ شدن‬šadana u to be weaned, be on its own feet s.th.); to trim, clip, prune, lop (‫ هـ‬hedges,
(young animal) trees); to adept, doctor, modify (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II
‫ شادن‬šādin pl. ‫ شوادن‬šawādin2 gazelle do.
fawn ‫ شذر‬V to be scattered, be dispersed; to scatter,
‫ شده‬šadaha a to confuse, perplex, baffle (‫ ه‬s.o.) disperse

‫ مَشدوه‬mašdūh perplexed, appalled, ‫ شذرة‬šadra pl. šadarāt, ‫ شذور‬šudūr


baffled particle, bit, tiny piece; fragment, section

(‫ شدا )شدو‬šadā u (šadw) to sing; to chant (‫هـ‬ ‫ تفرقوا شذر مَذر‬tafarraqū šadara madara,
s.th.); to acquire or have education, šidara midara they scattered in all
become or be educated (‫ في‬in a field) │ ‫شدا‬ directions
‫ شيئا مَن العربية‬to know a little Arabic, have a ‫ شذو‬šadw fragrance of musk
smattering of Arabic
‫ شذا‬šadan flagrance, scent, aroma
‫ شدو‬šadw song, chant
‫ شذى‬šadīy fragrant, aromatic
‫ شاد‬šādin pl. ‫ شادون‬šādūn educated,
‫ شر‬šarra (1st pers. perf. šarirtu) a, (1st pers.
trained (e.g., ‫ في اللغة‬linguistically) │ ‫ليلة‬
perf. šarurtu) u (šarr, ‫ شرة‬širra) to be bad,
‫ شادية‬laila šādiya soirée of vocal music
evil, wicked, vicious, malicious,
‫ شادية‬šādiya songstress, singer malignant
‫ شدياق‬šidyāq pl. ‫ شدايقة‬šadāyiqa sub deacon ‫ شر‬šarr pl. ‫ شرور‬šurūr evil, ill,
(Chr.) mischief; calamity, disaster; iniquity,
‫ شذ‬šadda i u (šadd, ‫ شذوذ‬šudūd) to segregate, injustice; harm, damage, injury;
separate, isolate o.s. (‫ عن‬from), be wickedness, viciousness, malice; vice, sin;
separated, isolated (‫ عن‬from), be outside -- (pl. ‫ اشرار‬ašrār) bad, evil, wicked,
s.th. (‫)عن‬, elude (‫ عن‬s.th.); to be alone; to vicious, malicious; evildoer, culprit; --
be irregular, deviate, stand out (‫ على‬or ‫عن‬ šarr (as elative) worse, more evil │ ‫هزمَهم‬
from), be an exception (‫ على‬or ‫ عن‬to); to ‫(شر هزيمة‬šarra hazīmatin) he brought utter
be wanting, lacking; to decrease, dwindle defeat upon them 461

‫ شذ‬šadd irregularity, deviation, ‫ شراني‬šarrānī evil, vicious, malicious


anomaly, exception (‫ عن‬to) ‫ شرة‬širra evil, ill, mischief; calamity,
disaster; iniquity, injustice; harm, damage,
injury; wickedness, viciousness, malice;
vice, sin; vivacity enthusiasm, fire of ‫ شربة‬šarba drink; sip, draught, swallow;
youth dose, potion (of a medicine); laxative,
purgative, aperient
‫ شرير‬šarīr pl. ‫ اشراء‬aširrā’2 bad, evil,
wicked, vicious, malicious ‫ شربة‬šurba drink; sip, draught, swallow;
dose, potion (of a medicine)
‫ شرير‬širrīr very bad, very evil, very
wicked, very vicious, very malicious; ‫ شراب‬šarāb pl. ‫ اشربة‬ašriba beverage,
scoundrel; ‫ الشرير‬the Evil One (= Satan) drink; wine; fruit juice, fruit syrup, sherbet
│ ‫ شراب التفاح‬š. at-tuffāḥ apple juice; cider;
‫ شرر‬šarar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬sparks
‫ شراب البرتقال‬š. al-burtuqāl orangeade
‫ شررى‬šararī spark (used attributively)
‫ شراب‬šarrāb drunkard, heavy drinker
‫ شرار‬šarār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬sparks
‫ شريب‬šarīb drinkable, potable
‫ شرارة‬šarāra pl. -āt spark │ ‫شمعة الشرارة‬
‫ شرابة‬šarrāba, šurraba pl. ‫شراريب‬
šam‘at aš-š. spark plug; ‫ مَفتاح الشرارة‬miftāḥ
šarārīb2 tassel, tuft, bob │ ‫ شرابة الراعي‬š.
aš-š. ignition key (automobile)
ar-rā‘ī (European) holly (Ilex
‫ شراري‬šarārī spark (used attributively)
aquifolium; bot.)
‫ شرار‬šarrār sparkling, scintillating,
‫ شريب‬širrīb drunkard, heavy drinker
emitting sparks
‫ مَشرب‬mašrab drink (as opposed to
‫ اشرأب‬išra’abba to stretch one’s neck in order
food); (pl. ‫ مَشارب‬mašārib2) drinking place,
to see s.th. (‫ ل‬or ‫)الى‬, crane one’s neck for
water hole, drinking trough, drinking
(‫ ل‬or ‫ ;)الى‬to carry one’s head high (out of
fountain; restaurant, bar; inclination, taste;
vanity); to leer (‫ الى‬at)
movement, school (e.g., in philosophy)
‫ شراب‬šurrāb pl. -āt stocking, sock
‫ مَشربة‬mašraba pl. ‫ مَشارب‬mašārib2
‫ شراس‬širās glue, paste drinking place, water hole, drinking
1
‫ شرب‬šariba a (šurb, ‫ مَشرب‬mašrab) to drink ( trough, drinking fountain
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to sip (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫شرب في حبه‬ ‫ مَشربية‬mašrabīya, mušrabīya and ‫مَشربة‬
(ḥubbihī) to drink s.o.’s health, toast s.o.; mašraba moucharaby, projecting oriel
‫( شرب الدخان‬dukāna) to smoke; ‫شرب نخبه‬ window with a wooden latticework
(nakbahū) to drink s.o.’s health, toast s.o. enclosure; wooden oriel; attic room; 462
II to give (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. s.th.) to drink, make or mašrabīya a kind of drinking vessel; vase,
let drink (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. s.th.); to drench, soak, pot for flowers
saturate, impregnate (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with); to
‫ تشرب‬tašarrub absorption, soaking up,
inculcate, imbue (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. with s.th.) III to
imbibing
drink in s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬company, have a drink (‫ه‬
with s.o.) IV to give (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. s.th.) to ‫ شارب‬šārib pl. -ūn, ‫ شرب‬šarb, ‫شروب‬
drink, make or let drink (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. s.th.); to šurūb drinking; drinker; (pl. ‫شوارب‬
drench, soak, saturate, impregnate (‫ ب‬or ‫هـ‬ šawārib2) mustache, frequently dual: ‫شاربا‬
‫ هـ‬s.th. with); to inculcate, imbue (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. ‫ن‬
with); pass. ušriba to be or become full (‫هـ‬ ‫ مَشروب‬mašrūb pl. -āt drink, beverage │
of s.th.), be filled, imbued, infused (‫ هـ‬with ‫( مَشروبات روحية‬rūḥīya) alcoholic beverage,
s.th.), be dominated, permeated (‫ هـ‬by liquors
s.th.) │ ‫( اشربه مَا لم يشرب‬yašrab) to
2
attribute s.th. wrongly to s.o. V to soak up, ‫ شربة‬šorba soup
absorb, imbibe (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be permeated, ‫ شوربة‬šorba (eg.), ‫ شوربا‬šōraba (syr.)
imbued, infused (‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬with s.th.) ; to be soup
full 3
‫ شراب‬šurrāb pl. -āt stocking, sock
(‫ ب‬of), be filled, replete (‫ ب‬with)
‫ شربك‬šarbaka to (en)tangle, snarl (‫ هـ‬s.th.), to
‫ شرب‬šurb drinking, drink; absorption complicate (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
1
‫ شربين‬šarbīn a variety of larch (bot.) ‫ شرخ‬šaraka u (‫ شرخ‬šurūk) to become a youth.
1 grow from childhood to maturity
‫ شرج‬šaraj pl. ‫ اشراج‬ašrāj loop, ring, eyelet;
buttonhole; anus ‫ شرخ‬šark prime of youth, spring of life
2
‫ شرجي‬šarajī anal ‫ شرح‬šaraka a (eg.) to crack, splinter, become
2 cracked
‫ شيرج‬look up alphabetically
‫ شرخ‬šark pl. ‫ شروخ‬šurūk (eg.) crack,
‫ شرح‬šaraḥa a (šarḥ) to cut in slices, slice, cut
break, fissure, fracture
up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cut open, rip open (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to bare, expose, make clearly visible or ‫ شرد‬šarada u (‫ شراد‬šarrād, ‫ شرود‬šurūd) to bolt
discernible (‫ هـ‬s.th.), to expound (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (horse), to run away, flee, take to flight,
to explain, elucidate, illustrate, make take to one’s heels, break loose, escape; to
plain, set forth, describe, depict (‫ هـ‬s.th.); roam, rove, wander, stray, go astray; to be
to comment (‫ هـ‬on), interpret (‫ هـ‬s.th.), to distracted (thoughts) │ ‫( شرد ذهنه‬dihnahū)
open, lay open (‫ صدره‬s.o. ṣadrahū s.o.’s to be absent-minded ‫( شرد به الفكر‬fikru) he
heart, ‫ ل‬to or for the acceptance of) │ ‫شرح‬ became lost in thought II to frighten away,
‫( خاطره‬kāṭirahū) to gladden, delight s.o. II chase away, drive away (‫ ه‬s.o.); to scare (‫ه‬
to cut in slices, slice, cut up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to s.o.), frighten (‫ ه‬s.o.) into a panic IV to
dissect, dismember, anatomize (‫ هـ‬a chase away, drive 463 away (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to
corpse) VII to be opened (heart); to be roam, tramp about, lead a vagabond life
relaxed; to be glad, happy │ ‫انشرح صدره‬ ‫ شرود‬šarūd pl. ‫ شرد‬šurūd running away;
(ṣadruhū) and ‫( انشرح خاطره‬kāṭiruhū) to be straying; astray, deviant, aberrant, strange,
or become glad, happy or delighted, peculiar
rejoice
‫ شرود‬šurūd roaming, straying,
‫ شرح‬šarḥ expounding, presentation, wandering │ ‫ شرود الفكر‬š. al-fikr absent-
explanation, illustration, elucidation, mindedness, distractedness
exposition, setting forth; commentation;
(pl. (‫ شروح‬šurūḥ) commentary ‫ شريد‬šarīd fugitive, expatriated,
displaced, expelled; loafer, tramp, vagrant,
‫ شرحي‬šarḥī explanatory, explicatory, vagabond
illustrative
‫ تشريد‬tašrīd expulsion, banishment,
‫ شرحة‬šarḥa long, thin slice, rasher eviction; vagrancy, vagabondage │ ‫حياة‬
‫ شريحة‬šarīḥa pl. ‫ شرائح‬šarā’iḥ long, thin ‫ التشريد‬ḥayāt at-t. the unsettled life, life of
slice (e.g., of fruit, etc.), rasher; girth, a vagabond
cinch; O (microscope) slide ‫ تشرد‬tašarrud vagrancy, vagabondage
O ‫ مَشرحة‬mašraḥa operating room; ‫ شارد‬šārid pl. ‫ شرد‬šurud, šurrad, ‫شوارد‬
operating table; autopsy room šawārid2 fugitive, straying, astray;
‫ تشريح‬tašrīḥ dissection; anatomy; intimidated, frightened, helpless at a loss;
autopsy, post-mortem examination │ ‫علم‬ a fugitive, runaway, deserter; defector;
‫‘ التشريح‬ilm at-t. anatomy, O ‫ تشريح المقابلة‬t. vagrant, tramp, vagabond │ ‫ شارد الفكر‬š.
al.muqābala comparative anatomy al-fikr absent-minded, distracted; ‫شوارد‬
‫ اللغة‬š. al-luga irregularities of the
‫ تشريحي‬tašrīhī dissecting, anatomizing,
language, linguistic anomalies; ‫شارد النظر‬
dissective, dissectional, anatomic(al)
(‫ )النظرات‬š. an-naẓar (an-naẓarāt) with a
‫ انشراح‬inširāḥ relaxedness, relaxation, blank stare; gazing into the void
joy, delight, glee, gaiety
‫ شاردة‬šārida pl. ‫ شوارد‬šawarid2
‫ شارح‬šāriḥ pl. ‫ شراح‬šurrāḥ explainer, peculiarity, anomaly, exception │ ‫لَ تفوته‬
expounder, interpreter, commentator, ‫( شاردة ولَ واردة‬tafūtuhū) nothing escapes
expositor him, he doesn’t miss a thing
‫ مَشرح‬mušarriḥ anatomist
‫ مَشرد‬mušarrad fugitive, refugee, s.th.); to stipulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to tear to
displaced person; neglected, unkempt │ َ‫م‬ shreds (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to scratch, scarify (‫هـ‬
‫ شرد البال‬confused, disconcerted s.th.); to make incisions (‫ هـ‬in) III to fix
mutual conditions.; to make a contract,
‫ مَتشرد‬mutašarrid pl. -ūn homeless
conclude an agreement; to bet, wager (‫ه‬
person, tramp, vagrant, vagabond;
with s.o.) V to impose severe oonditiono
adventurer
or terms │ ‫‘( تشرط في عمله‬amalihī) to be
‫ شردق‬II tašardaqa to swallow the wrong way; meticulous in one’s 464 work, do one’s
to choke (to death) work painstakingly VIII to impose as a
‫ شرذم‬II tašardama to be jagged, indented condition, as an obligation (‫ على هـ‬on s.o.
s.th.); to make conditional (‫ على هـ‬for s.o.
‫ شرذمَة‬širdima pl. ‫ شراذم‬šarādim 2, ‫شراذيم‬ s.th.); to stipulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); pass, ušturiṭa
šarādīm2 small group, gang, party, troop; to be prerequisite, preconditional (‫ ل‬for)
little band
1
‫ شرط‬šarṭ pl. ‫ شروط‬šurūṭ incision (in the
‫ شرس‬šarisa a (šaras, ‫ شراسة‬šarāsa) to be skin); long cut, rip, clash, slit; condition,
vicious, malicious, mischievous, ill- precondition; provision, proviso, clause;
tempered, unsociable, quarrelsome, stipulation (of a contract) │ ‫شرطا ان‬
petulant, peevish VI to be cross, quarrel ( (šarṯan), ‫ بشرط‬,‫ على شرط‬on the condition
‫ مَع‬with) that ..., provided that ...; ‫مَن دون )بدون( شرط‬
‫ شرس‬šaras = ‫شراسة‬ unconditional; ‫( بل شرط او قيد‬au qaidin)
with no strings attached; unconditional
‫ شرس‬šaris vicious, malicious, (obedience, surrender, etc.); ‫شرط الخيار‬
mischievous, ill-tempered, unsociable, proviso of the right of withdrawal (from a
quarrelsome, petulant, peevish; wild, contract, a commercial transaction, an
ferocious, fierce obligation, and the like, Isl. Law)
‫ شريس‬šarīs = ‫ شرس‬šaris ‫ شرط‬šaraṭ pl. ‫ اشراط‬ašrāṭ sign, portent
‫ شراسة‬šarāsa wickedness, malice, │ ‫ اشراط الساعة‬the portents of the Day of
viciousness, meanness, baseness, villainy; Judgment
ill-temperedness, unsociableness, ‫ شرطي‬šarṭī conditional │ ‫جملة شرطية‬
querulousness, petulance, peevishness (jumla) conditional clause (gram.)
2
‫ شراس‬širās glue, paste, see ‫ سيراس‬,‫سراس‬ ‫ شرطية‬šarṭīya contract, agreement
2
‫ شرسوف‬šursūf pl. ‫ شراسيف‬šarāsīf rib cartilage ‫ شرطة‬šarṭa pl. ‫ شرط‬šuraṭ stroke, line;
‫ شراسيفي‬šarāsīfī epigastric, pertaining to hyphen; dash
the anterior walls of the abdomen ‫ شرطة‬šurṭa police, policemen │ ‫دار‬
‫ شرش‬II to take root ‫ الشرطة‬police station; ‫ تقرير الشرطة‬police
report
‫ شرش‬širš ‫ شرش‬pl. ‫ شروش‬šurūš root │
‫ شرش اللبن‬š. al-laban whey ‫ شرطي‬šurṭī, šuraṭī pl. -ūn policeman,
officer
‫ شرشور‬šuršur pl. ‫ شراشير‬šarāšīr chaffinch
(zool.) ‫ شريط‬pl. ‫ شرائط‬šarā’iṭ, ‫ اشرطة‬ašriṭa
band, ribbon, tape; cord, string; leash,
‫ شرشير‬šaršīr (eg.) wild duck (zool.)
line; thong, strap; braid, galloon, chevron,
‫ شراشير‬šarāšīr2 soul, self, nature (of a stripe; ribbon (of an order), medal ribbon,
person) service ribbon; (railway) track, line; film
‫ شرشف‬šaršaf pl. ‫ شراشف‬šarāšif bedsheet strip; film (also ‫( ;)شريط سينمائي‬magnetic)
tape │ ‫( شريط مَصغر‬muṣaggar) microfilm;
‫ شرط‬šaraṭa i u (šarṭ) to tear (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make ‫ شريط القياس‬tape measure; measuring tape;
incicions (‫ هـ‬in), scratch, scarify (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫ شريط ناطق‬pl. ‫ شرائط ناطقة‬sound film; sound
to slit open, rip open (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to impose track; magnetic tape; ‫ شريط النار‬fuse; ‫دودة‬
as a condition, as an obligation (‫ هـ على‬on ‫ الشريط‬dūdat aš-š. tapeworm
s.o. s.th.), make conditional (‫ هـ على‬for s.o.
‫ شريطة‬šarīṭa condition │ ‫ على شريطة‬on ‫ مَشرق‬mašriq pl. ‫ مَشارق‬mašāriq2 place
the condition that ... of sunrise, east; place of rise; the Orient,
the East; ‫ المشرقان‬East and West │ ‫مَشارق‬
‫ مَشرط‬mašraṭ program
‫ الرض ومَغاربها‬m. al-arḍ wa-magāribuhā or
‫ مَشرط‬mišraṭ pl. ‫ مَشارط‬mašāriṭ2 lancet, ‫( المشرقان والمغربان‬magribān) the whole
scalpel world; ‫ في الغربين وفي المشرقين‬all over the
‫ تشريط‬tašrīṭ scarification, incision world

‫ مَشارطة‬mušāraṭa agreement, ‫ مَشرقي‬mašriqī eastern, easterly,


arrangement oriental; (pl. ‫ مَشارقة‬mašāriqa) an Oriental;
‫ المشرقيات‬orientalia, oriental studies
‫ اشتراط‬ištirāṭ pl. -āt condition,
provision, proviso; stipulation ‫ تشريق‬tašrīq easternization;
development of domestic production (esp.
‫ شرطن‬šarṭana to consecrate, ordain (‫ ه‬s.o., in local industry, with the gradual
Chr.) II to be ordained (Chr.) elimination of Europe), drive for
‫ شرط‬šarṭana = ‫شرطونية‬ (economic) independence │ ‫ايام التشريق‬
ayyām at-t. the old name of the three days
‫ شرطونية‬šarṭūnīya ordination of a priest, following the day of Immolation (10th of
and any ordination of persons by laying Zu’lhijja)
on of hands (Chr.); simony (Copt.-Chr.)
during the hadj festival
‫ شرع‬šara‘a a (šar‘, ‫ شروع‬šurū‘) to go (
‫ في‬into), enter (‫ في‬s.th.); to begin, start, ‫ اشراق‬išrāq radiance; radiation,
commence (‫ في‬or y with; with foil. eradiation, emanation; Illuminism
imperf.: to do s.th.); to point a weapon (‫)هـ‬ (mysticism deriving from Neoplatonism)
at s.o. (‫ ;)على‬to untie, unbind, unlace (‫هـ‬ ‫ الَشراقيون‬al-išrāqīyūn the Illuminists,
s.th.); to fix (‫ هـ‬bayonets, ‫ على‬on rifles); -- adherents of Illuminism
šara‘a a (šar‘) to introduce, enact (o
laws), prescribe, give (‫ هـ ل‬to s.o. laws), ‫ الَستشراق‬al-istišrāq oriental studies
make laws (‫ )هـ‬for s.o. (‫ شرع مَشروعا │ )ل‬to ‫ مَشرق‬mašriq resplendent, radiant,
devise a plan II to draw a weapon (‫ )هـ‬on shining
s.o. (‫ ;)على‬to legislate, make laws IV to
‫ مَستشرق‬mustašriq having oriental
draw or train a weapon (‫ )هـ‬on s.o. (‫)على‬
manners; (pl. -ūn) orientalist
│ ‫‘( اشرع عينه الى‬ainaihi) to cast one’s eyes
on …, turn one’s glance toward ...; ‫اشرع‬ ‫ شرقرق‬šaraqraq, ‫ شرقراق‬šarāqrāq green
‫( قلمه‬qalamahū) to draw one’s pen = to woodpecker
prepare to write VIII to introduce, enact ( ‫ شرك‬šarika a (širk, ‫ شركة‬širka, šarika) to share
‫ هـ‬laws); to prescribe, give (‫ ل هـ‬to s.o. (‫ ه في‬with s.o s.th.), participate (‫ في ه‬with
laws), make laws (‫ )هـ‬for s.o. (‫)ل‬ s.o. in), be or become partner, participant,
‫ الشرع‬aš-šar‘ the Revelation, the associate (‫ في ه‬of s.o. in) III to share (‫ في‬or
canonical law of Islam │ ‫شرعا وفرعا‬ ‫ هـ ه‬with s.o., s.th.), participate (‫ في‬or ‫هـ ه‬
šar‘an wa-far‘an with full right, with with s.o. in), be or become partner,
good cause, by rights; ‫هم في هذا شرع واحد‬ participant, associate (‫ في‬or ‫ هـ ه‬of s.o. in);
they are alike in this 467 to associate o.s. (‫ ه‬with s.o.), enter into
partnership (‫ ه‬with s.o.), form a
‫ شروق‬šurūq rise (of the sun)
partnership, join, combine (‫ في‬or ‫ هـ ه‬with
‫ شراقي‬šarāqī (eg.) unirrigated land not s.o. in); to sympathize (‫ ه‬with s.o.) │ ‫شاركه‬
reached by the Nile floods ‫( رأيه‬ra’yahū) to share s.o.’s opinion IV to
‫ شراق‬šarrāq suctorial device; part of a make (‫ ه‬s.o.) a partner, participant,
suction pump associate (‫ في‬in), give (‫ ه‬s.o.) a share (‫في‬
in), have (‫ ه‬s.o.) share (‫ في‬in); to tie s.th. (
□ ‫ شراقوة‬šarāquwa (pl. of ‫)شرقاوي‬ ‫ )هـ‬closely to s.th. (‫)ب‬, associate (‫ هـ ب‬s.th.
Levantines (eg.) with s.th.) │ ‫ اشركه بال‬to make s.o. the
associate or partner of God (in His
creation and rule); ‫ اشرك بال‬to set up or ‫ اشنراك‬ištirāk partnership,
attribute associates to God. i.e. to be a copartnership, coparcenary; participation,
polytheist, an idolator VI to enter into sharing, joining, co-operation,
partnership (‫ مَع‬with s.o.); to participate collaboration (‫ في‬in); interference (‫ في‬in);
together (‫ في‬in), share with one another (‫في‬ subscription (‫ في‬to); jointness, community;
s.th,) VIII to enter into partnership, to communion (Chr.) ; (pl. -āt) subscription
cooperate (‫ مَع‬with s.o.); to participate ( ‫مَع‬ rate; participation fee │‫ بالَشتراك‬jointly, in
‫ في‬with s.o. in), share (‫ مَع في‬with s.o., concurrence, together (‫ مَع‬with); ‫اشتراك‬
s.th.), collaborate, take part (‫ في‬in), ‫( شهري‬šahrī) monthly subscription;
contribute (‫ في‬to); to subscribe (‫ في‬to); to monthly fee or contribution
partake of the Lord’s Supper, ‫ اشتراكي‬ištirākī socialist, socialistic; (pl.
communicate (Copt.-Chr.) -ūn) a socialist
‫ شرك‬širk polytheism, idolatry │ ‫اهل‬ ‫ اشتراكية‬ištirākīya socialism
‫ الشرك‬ahl aš-š. the polytheists, the
idolators ‫ مَشرك‬mušrik pl. -ūn polytheist
‫ شرك‬šarak pl. ‫ شرك‬šuruk, ‫ اشراك‬ašrāk, ‫ مَشترك‬muštarik pl. -ūn participant;
‫ شراك‬širāk net, snare, gin; trap │ ‫نصب له‬ subscriber
‫ شركا‬to lay a trap for s.o., trap s.o. ‫ مَشترك‬muštarak common, joint,
‫ شرك‬spurious, unsound, phony, false combined, concurrent, collective, co- │
‫( المَن المشترك‬amn) collective security; ‫بلغ‬
‫ شركة‬širka, šarika partnership; ‫( مَشترك‬balāg) joint communiqué; ‫السوق‬
communion (Chr.); (pl. -āt) association, ‫( المشترك‬sūq) the Common Market; ‫الشعور‬
companionship; company, corporation ‫ المشترك‬community spirit, communality,
(com.); commercial enterprise (Isl. Law); solidarity; ‫( الضمان المشترك‬ḍamān)
establishment, firm; ‫ شركة التأمَين‬insurance collective security
company; ‫( شرك تجارية‬tijārīya) trading
company, firm; ‫ شركة الَذاعة‬broad- 468 ‫ شركسي‬šarkašī Circassian; (pl. ‫ شراكسة‬šarākisa)
casting corporation; ‫ شركة المساهمة‬š. al- a Circassian
musāhama joint-stock company, ‫ شرم‬šarama i (šarm) to split, slit, slash (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
corporation; ‫( شركة سهامَية‬sihāmīya) do.;
‫ شركة الشركات‬trust (com.) ‫ شرم‬šarm pl. ‫ شروم‬šurūm cleft, crack,
split, rift, slit, slot; small hay, inlet
‫ شراك‬širāk pl. ‫ شرك‬šuruk, ‫ اشرك‬ašruk, ‫اش‬
‫ راك‬ašrāk shoelace ‫ اشرم‬ašram2, f. ‫ شرمَاء‬šarmā’2 having a
disfigured nose; harelipped
‫ شريك‬šarīk pl. ‫ شركاء‬šurakā’2, ‫اشراك‬
ašrāk sharer, participant, partner, ‫ شرمَط‬šarmaṭa (eg., syr.) to shred, tear to
copartner; associate, companion, shreds (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
confederate, ally; co-owner, coproprietor ‫ شرمَوطة‬šarmūṭa pl. ‫ شرامَيط‬šārāmīṭ rag,
(Isl. Law); accomplice, accessory (in a shred, tatter; whore, slut, prostitute
crime) │ O ‫( شريك مَوص‬mūṣin) silent
partner (com.) ‫ شرنقة‬šarnaqa pl. ‫ شرانق‬šarāniq2 cocoon (of the
silk worm); chrysalis (of an insect);
‫ شريك‬šuraik (eg.) sesame cake slough (of a snake), snakeskin; -- šarāniq2
‫ شريكة‬šarīk pl. ‫ شرائك‬šarā’ik woman hemp (Cannahis sativa; bot.); hemp seed
partner, woman participant, etc. (see ‫ شره‬šariha a (šarah) to be greedy (‫ الى‬or
‫)شريك‬ ‫ على‬for food); to eat greedily, gormandize,
gluttonize, be gluttonous
‫ تشريك‬tašrīk: ‫ سياية التشريك‬siyāsat at-t.
policy of alliances ‫ شره‬šarah gluttony, gourmandism,
ravenousness, voracity; greediness, greed,
‫ مَشاركة‬mušāraka partnership, covetousness, avidity
copartnership, participation (‫ في‬in);
cooperation, collaboration; communion
(Chr.); complicity, accessoriness (jur.)
‫ شره‬šarih greedy (‫ على‬for food), ‫ المشترى‬al-muštarī Jupiter (astron.)
gluttonous; voracious, ravenous; ravenous ‫ مَشترى‬muštaran pl. ‫ مَشتريات‬muštarayāt,
eater, glutton; greedy, covetous, avid that which is purchased, purchased
‫ شراهة‬šarāha gluttony, gourmandism, goods; purchase, buy(ing), acquisition
ravenousness, voracity; greediness, greed,
covetousness, avidity ‫ شزرا‬sażran: ‫ نظر اليه شزرا‬to look askance at
s.o.
‫ شرو‬šarw, širw honey
‫‘ عين شزراء‬ain sazrā’2 an eye looking
‫ شروال‬širwāl pl. ‫ شراويل‬šarāwīl 2 trousers, askance, distrustfully or maligrantly; ‫نظرة‬
pants; drawers ‫( شزرا‬naẓra) distrustful, suspicious glance
‫ شروى‬,‫ شروة‬see 469 ‫شري‬ ‫( شست‬Fr. chiste) slate (min.)
‫ شرى‬šarā i (širan, ‫ شراء‬širā’) to sell, vend (‫ب هـ‬ ‫ شاسع‬šāsi' far (away), distant, remote; wide,
s.th. for a certain price); to buy, purchase ( large, great (distance); huge, vast,
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bring upon o.s., to ask for (e.g., enormous (difference)
‫ المتاعب‬troubles, inconveniences) -- šarā i
(širan) to expose (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to the sun for ‫ ششخان‬šašakān rifled (gunbarrel)
drying II to expose (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to the sun for ‫ اسلحة الششخانة‬aṣliḥat aš-š. firearms
drying VIII to buy, purchase (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
buy up, acquire, obtain by commercial ‫ مَششخن‬mušaškan rifled (gunbarrel)
transaction (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to sell, vend (‫ هـ‬s.th.) 1
‫ ششم‬šišm seed of the Cassia absus (bot.), used
X to become worse, worsen, deteriorate as eye powder
‫ شرى‬šary (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬colocynth 2
‫ ششمة‬šašma, šišma toilet, lavatory, privy
‫ شرى‬širan pl. ‫ اشرية‬ašriya purchase, ‫ ششنى‬šišnī sample, specimen; sampling
buy(ing), bargain
‫( ششنجي‬eg.) šišnagī assayer (of precious
‫ شرى‬šaran an itching skin eruption metals)
‫ شراء‬širā’ purchase buy(ing) │ ‫راغب‬ ‫ شص‬šiṣṣ pl. ‫ شصوص‬šuṣūṣ fishhook
‫ الشراء‬eager to buy; O ‫المقدرة على الشراء‬
(maqdura) or O ‫ قوة الشراء‬qūwat aš-š. ‫ شصر‬šaṣara a kind of gazelle
purchasing power ‫ شط‬šaṭa i u (‫ شطط‬šaṭaṭ) to go to extremes, go
‫ شروة‬šarwa purchase buy(ing) too far, exceed the proper hounds, be
excessive (‫ في‬in, with); to deviate (‫عن‬
‫ شروى‬šarwā: ‫ لَ يملك شروى نقير‬lā yamliku from), digress, stray (‫ عن الموضوع‬from the
š. naqīrin he hasn’t a red cent to his name, topic) VIII to go to extremes, go too far,
he has absolutely nothing; ‫لَ يجدي شروى نقير‬ exceed the proper bounds, be excessive (
(yujdī) it is of no use at all ‫ في‬in, with)
O ‫ الحمى الشروية‬al-ḥummā aš-šarawīya ‫ شط‬šaṭṭ pl. ‫ شطوط‬šuṭūṭ bank, shore,
nettle rash, urticaria (med.) coast, seashore, beach, strand │ ‫شط العرب‬
‫ شريان‬širyān pl. ‫ شرايين‬šarāyīn2 artery │ š. al-‘arab Shatt-al-Arab, river in SE Iraq
‫ تصلب الشرايين‬taṣallub aš-š. arteriosclerosis formed by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers;
the region traversed by this river on the
‫ شرياني‬širyānī arterial │ ‫السدة الشريانية‬ Persian Gulf
(sudda) embolism (med.)
‫ شطة‬šaṭṭa a variety of pepper
‫ اشتراء‬ištirā’ purchase buy(ing) (Capsicum conicum Mey.; bot.) 470
‫ شار‬šārin pl. ‫ شراة‬šurāh seller, salesman, ‫ شطط‬šaṭaṭ that which is excessive or
vendor; purchaser, buyer, customer; -- O exceeds the proper bounds, excess; inroad,
lightning rod (also ‫الشراة ;)شارى الصواعق‬ encroachment, infringement
aš-šurāh designation of the Khawārij
‫ شطيطة‬šaṭīṭa a variety of pepper
‫ مَشتر‬muštarin purchaser, buyer, (Capsicum conicum Mey.; bot.)
customer; seller, vendor
‫ مَشط‬mušiṭṭ excessive ašṭur) a half, moiety; hemistich; portion,
share, lot; direction; šaṭra in the direction
‫ شاطئ‬šāṭi’ pl. ‫ شواطئ‬šawāṭi’2, ‫ شطآن‬šaṭ’ān
of ..., toward │ ‫ قصد شطره‬to move toward
shore, coast, seacoast, beach, strand
s.o., walk up to s.o.; ‫( ولى انظاره شطره‬wallā
‫ شطب‬šaṭab u (šaṭb) to out into slices or strips ( anẓārahū) to direct one’s glances toward
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to strike out, cross out, scratch s.o.; ‫( ولى وجهه شطره‬wajhahū) to turn one’s
out, write off (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to erase, face toward s.th.
efface (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a word, a
‫ شطرة‬šiṭra side, half
sentence); to cancel, release (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬a
mortgage); to drop, nonsuit (‫ دعوى‬da‘wā a ‫ شطارة‬šaṭāra slyness cunningness
case) II to make an incision, a longitudinal shrewdness, adroitness, skill, cleverness,
cut, a slit, a slash (‫ في‬in s.th.); to strike smartness
out, cross out, scratch out, write off (‫على‬ ‫ شطيرة‬šaṭīra sandwich; schnitzel, steak
or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to erase, efface (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.,
e.g., a word, a sentence); to cancel, ‫ مَشاطرة‬mušāṭara participation, sharing
release, (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬a mortgage); to book, ‫ انشطار‬inšiṭār fission, splitting,
enter, post (‫ هـ‬an item, an account); to cleavage, division, separation
finish off, terminate, wind up (‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ شطر‬šāṭir pl. ‫ شطار‬šuṭṭār sly, cunning,
‫ شطب‬šaṭb cut, slash; incision, scratch; shrewd; scoundrel, villain; clever, smart,
crossing out, striking out, writing off; bright, adroit, skillful
erasure, effacement; annulment,
cancellation ‫ شطرنج‬šiṭranj, šaṭranj chess │ ‫لوحة الشطرنج‬
lauḥat aš-š. chessboard
‫ شطب‬šaṭb pl. ‫ شطوب‬šuṭūb tall,
strapping, sturdy, husky ‫ شطف‬šaṭafa u (šaṭf) to rinse (under flowing
water), clean with water, wash (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ تشطيب‬tašṭīb: ‫ تشطيب الحساب‬posting of an
account (to the ledger); ‫ساعة التشطيب‬ ‫ شطف‬šuṭfa piece, chunk, lump; (pl,
curfew ‫ شطف‬šutaf) flint (of a gunlook. eg.)
‫ شطح‬šaṭaḥa (šaṭḥ) to roam, rove, stray ‫ شطفة‬šiṭfa splinter, chip, sliver 471
1
‫ شطحة‬šaṭḥa pl. ‫ شطحات‬šaṭaḥāt escapade ‫ شطن‬šaṭana u (šaṭn) to fasten, attach, tie, bind
(‫ هـ ب‬s.th. with a rope)
‫ شطر‬šaṭara ū (šaṭr) to halve, divide into two 2
(equal) parts, bisect, cut through (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫ شيطان‬and ‫ تشيطن‬see ‫( شيطن‬alphabetically)
to out off, sever (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- ‫شطر بصره‬ ‫ شظف‬šaẓafa u (šaẓf) to castrate
(baṣaruhū) u (‫ شطور‬šuṭūr) to be squint-
eyed; -- šaṭara u (‫ شطور‬šuṭūr, ‫شطورة‬ ‫ شظف‬šaẓaf pl. ‫ شظاف‬šiẓāf discomfort,
šuṭūra, ‫ شطارة‬šaṭāra) to withdraw, hardship, difficulty; ruggedness of life │
separate, disassociate o.s. (‫ عن‬from); - - ‫( اقام على شظف العيش‬š. il-‘aiš) to lead a life
šaṭara u, šaṭura u (‫ شطارة‬šaṭāra) to be sly, of hardships
cunning, artful, shrewd; to be clever, ‫ شظف‬šaẓif hard, harsh, rough, rugged,
smart, bright, skillful, adroit II to halve, austere (life, character)
divide into two (equal) parts, to bisect, out
‫ شظي‬šaẓiya a (šaẓan) to be splintered, be
through (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to halve, share by
shattered, splinter, shiver V do.
halves, share equally (‫ ه‬with s.o., s.th.),
go halves (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to participate, take ‫ شظية‬šaẓīya pl. šaẓīy, ‫ شظايا‬šaẓāyā
part (‫ هـ‬in s.th.), share (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫شاطره‬ splinter, sliver, chip; shinbone; bone
‫ فرحه‬،‫( آراءه‬ārā’ahū, faraḥahū) to share ‫ شع‬ša‘‘a i (ša‘‘, ‫ شعاع‬ši‘ā’) to disperse,
s.o.’s views, s.o.’s joy V to manifest scatter, diffuse, spread; to beam, radiate,
slyness, cleverness, smartness, adroitness, flash up IV to emit, spread, diffuse (‫هـ‬
skill VII to divide, split (‫ هـ‬into, intrans.) s.th.); to eradiate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to emit rays or
‫ شطر‬šaṭr partition, division, separation, beams, radiate, beam V to emit rays or
halving, bisecting; -- (pl. ‫ شطور‬šuṭūr, ‫اشطر‬ beams, radiate, beam, eradiate
‫ شع‬šu‘‘ rays, beams; spokes ‫ شعب‬ši‘b pl. ‫ شعاب‬ši‘āb mountain path,
mountain trail; gorge, ravine, canyon;
‫ شعاع‬ša‘ā’ distracted, confused,
gulf, abyss; reef
bewildered, perplexed │ (‫طار فؤاده )روحه‬
‫ شعاعا‬his mind became confused, ‫ شعبة‬ši‘ba reef
bewildered or perplexed ‫ شعبة‬šu‘ba pl. ‫ شعب‬šu‘ab, ‫ شعاب‬ši‘āb
‫ شعاع‬šu‘ā’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اشعة‬aši‘‘a branch, bough, limb, ramification; shoot,
rays, beams; spokes; horizontal wooden twig, sprig, spray; prong, tine; (sub-)
crosspieces (on a door or window) │ ‫الشعة‬ division, section, department, branch, cell;
‫( فوق البنفسجية‬banafsajīya) the ultraviolet field of study, discipline (e.g., at a
rays; ‫ الشعة الي تحت الحمر‬the infra-red rays; university); part, portion; (pl. ‫ شعب‬šu‘ab)
‫ صورة اشعة‬X-ray photograph, bronchus │ ‫ التهاب الشعب‬bronchitis (med.)
roentgenogram; O ‫ فاعلية الشعة‬radioactivity 472
‫ اشعاع‬iš‘ā’ pl. -āt radiation, eradiation ‫ شعبي‬šu‘abī bronchial
‫ اشعاعي‬iš‘ā‘ī radiative, radiational │ O ‫ شعيب‬ša‘īb disrupted, disorganized,
‫( ذو نشاط اشعاعي‬našāṭ) radioactive disunited, scattered, dispersed
‫ تشعع‬taša‘‘u‘ radiation, eradiation │ ‫التش‬ ‫ شعبان‬ša‘bān2 Shaban, name of the
‫( عع الحراري‬ḥarārī) radiation of heat; ‫التشعع‬ eighth month of the Mohammedan year
‫( الشمسي‬šamsī) solar radiation ‫ اشعب‬aš‘ab2 name of a legendary miser,
‫ مَشع‬muši‘‘ radiating, radiant; emitting hence, said of s.o. extremely niggardly:
rays, radiative; O radioactive ‫ اطمع مَن اشعب‬greedier than Aš‘ab
O ‫ مَشعة‬muši‘‘a radiator ‫ اشعبي‬aš‘abī extremely miserly,
avaricious, or greedy; (pl. -ūn) skinflint,
‫ شعب‬ša‘aba a (ša‘b) to gather, assemble, rally
miter, niggard │ ‫( طمع اشعبي‬ṭama‘)
(‫ هم‬people, ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to disperse, scatter (‫هم‬
insatiable greed
people, ‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to form branches, to
branch; to branch (out), ramify, divide into ‫ تشعب‬taša‘‘ub ramification, branching,
branches or subdivisions (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to branching off; disruption, split(ting),
branch (out), ramify; to b. subdivided, disunion
form subdivisions; to diverge, move in ‫ انشعاب‬inši‘āb ramification, branching,
different directions, part company, branching off; disruption, split(ting),
separate, split, break up, become disunion
disunited, disorganized, disrupted; to
branch off (‫ عن‬from); to result (‫ عن‬from) ‫ مَتشعب‬mutaša‘‘ib ramified, branching;
VIII to branch out, ramify; to branch off manifold, diverse; many-sided, versatile (
‫ مَتشعب‬m. al-janabāt)
‫ شعب‬ša‘b pl. ‫ شعوب‬šu‘ūb people, folk;
nation; tribe; race ‫ شعبذ‬ša‘bada to practice jugglery, legerdemain,
sleight of band, or magic
‫ شعبي‬ša‘bī national, people’s; popular,
folksy, folk- (in compounds) │ ‫الجبهة الشعبية‬ ‫ شعبذة‬ša‘bada jugglery, legerdemain,
(jabha) popular front; ‫ديموقراطية شعبية‬ sleight of band, magic
people’s democracy (in Marxist ‫ شعث‬ša‘itqa a (ša‘at) to be or become
terminology) disheveled, unkempt, matted (hair) II to
‫ شعبية‬ša‘bīya popularity dishevel, ruffle (‫ هـ‬the hair) V to become
disheveled, ruffled (hair); to disintegrate,
‫ شعوبي‬šu‘ūbī adherent of the ‫شعوبية‬, see fall apart, decay (of buildings)
below
‫ شعث‬ša‘at: ‫ لم شعثه‬lamma ša‘atahū to
‫ الشعوبية‬aš-šu‘ūbīya a movement within straighten out the muddled affairs of s.o.,
the early Islamic commonwealth of help s.o. to get back on his feet; to
nations which refused to recognize the struggle back to one’s feet, “pick up”,
privileged position of the Arabs recover
‫ شعث‬ša‘it matted, disheveled, unkempt characteristic, emblem, badge │ ‫شعار‬
(hair); having matted, unkempt hair ‫تجاري‬I ši‘ār (tijārī) trade mark
‫ شعوذ‬look up alphabetically ‫ شعير‬ša‘īr (coll.) barley; (n. un. ‫)ة‬
barleycorn │ ‫( شعير لؤلؤي‬lu’lu’ī) pearl
‫ شعر‬ša‘ara u (‫ شعور‬šu‘ūr) to know (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ان‬
barley; ‫ شعيرة الجفن‬š. al-jafn sty (med.)
that), have knowledge, be cognizant (‫ب‬
of); to come to know, realize, notice (‫ب‬ O ‫ شعيرة‬ša‘īra bead (of a gun sight,
s.th., ‫ ان‬that); to perceive, feel, sense (‫ب‬ mil.; Syr.)
s.th., ‫ ان‬that), be conscious, be aware (‫ ب‬of ‫ شعيرات دمَوية‬šu‘airāt damawīya blood
s.th.); -- (ši‘r) to make or compose poetry, capillaries (biol.)
poetize, versify │ ‫ لم يشعر الَ بـ‬... (illā bi-),
‫ لم يشعر الَ و‬... (illā wa-) and ,...‫مَا شعر الَ بـ‬ ‫ شعيرية‬ša‘īrīya vermicelli
‫مَا شعر الَ و‬... before be even realized it, ‫ شعور‬šu‘ūr knowledge, cognizance;
there was all of a sudden ... ; then, all of a consciousness, awareness; perception,
sudden, there was ..., it happened that … discernment; perceptive faculty;
IV to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th., of or sensation; sentiment; feeling;
about s.th.), notify, inform (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ ه‬s.o. of perceptiveness, sensitivity, sensibility;
or about), give notice or information (‫ ه‬to mood │ ‫( على غير شعور مَنه‬gairi šu‘ūrin)
s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬of or about), impart (‫ ه‬to s.o., without his being aware of it; ‫غاب عن‬
‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to fee), sense, notice, ‫ الشعور‬to lose consciousness; ‫فاقد الشعور‬
perceive, realize (‫ هـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th.), be unconscious, insensible; ‫( الشعور بالنفس‬nafs)
conscious, be aware (‫ هـ‬of): to be filled (‫هـ‬ self-consciousness; ‫ الشعور بالذات‬do.; ‫دقة‬
with a feeling) ‫ الشعور‬diqqat aš-š. sensitivity, sensibility; ‫ال‬
‫ شعر‬ša‘r, ša‘ar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ,‫اشعار‬ ‫( شعور المشترك‬muštarak) community spirit,
‫ شعور‬šu‘ūr, ‫ شعار‬ši‘ār hair; bristles; fur, communality, solidarity; ‫عديم الشعور‬
pelt unreeling, insensitive
‫ شعرة‬ša‘ra (n. un.) pl. -āt a hair │ ... َ‫ل‬ ‫ شعوري‬šu‘ūrī conscious; emotional │ َ‫ل‬
‫( قدر شعرة‬qadra š.) not by a hair’s breadth ‫ شعوري‬unconscious, subconscious
‫ شعري‬ša‘rī, ša‘arī hairy, hirsute, hair ‫ شعارى‬ša‘ārā (pl.) goats
(adj.) ‫ شعيرة‬ša‘īra pl. ‫ شعائر‬ša‘ā’ir2 religious
‫ شعرية‬ša‘rīya pl. -āt wire grille, wire ceremony, rite, cultic practice; pl. also:
netting, lattice work; O (without pl.) places of worship, cultic shrines
capillarity │ ‫ شعرية الشباك‬š. aš-šabbāk ‫ اشعر‬aš‘ar hairy, hirsute, long-haired,
(latticed) window shade, jalousie shaggy
‫ شعرية‬ši‘rīya vermicelli ‫ شعرور‬šu‘rūr poetaster, versifier,
‫ شعراني‬ša‘rānī hairy, hirsute, shaggy rhymester
‫ شعر‬ši‘r knowledge │ ‫ ليت شعري‬laita ‫ شويعر‬šuwai‘ir poetaster, venifier,
ši‘rī I wish I knew ...! would that I rhymester
knew ...! -- (pl. ‫ اشعار‬aš‘ār) poetry; poem ‫ شعر‬maš‘ar pl. ‫ مَشاعر‬mašā‘ir2 cultic
‫ شعري‬ši‘rī poetic(al) shrine for ceremonies of the hadj; sensory
organ; pl. senses, feelings, sensations │ ‫الم‬
‫ شعرى‬ša‘rā pl. ‫ شعارى‬ša‘ārā scrub ‫( شعر الحرام‬ḥarām) the hadj station of
country 473 Muzdalifa east of Mecca
‫ الشعرى‬aš-ši‘rā Sirius, Dog Star ‫ اشعار‬iš‘ār pl. -āt notification,
(astrron.) information (‫ ب‬of, about), notice
‫ شعار‬ši‘ār pl. ‫ شعر‬šu‘ur, ‫ اشعرة‬aš‘ira ‫ شاعر‬šā‘ir knowing (by instinctive
password, watchword; slogan; motto, perception), endowed with deeper insight,
device; mark, token, sign; signal; with intuition; (pl. ‫ الشعراء‬šu‘arā’2) poet
distinguishing mark or feature,
‫ شاعرية‬šā‘irīya pl. -āt poetry; poetical ‫ شعوذة‬ša‘wada pl. -āt jugglery,
work, poetization; poetical talent; poet- legerdemain, sleight of hand; magic,
ship magic arts; humbug, swindle, tricks
‫ شواعر‬šawā‘ir attacks, diatribes, ‫ مَشعوذ‬muša‘wid juggler, conjurer,
invectives, calumnies, defamations magician, practitioner of legerdemain;
swindler, trickster (f. ‫)مَشعوذة‬
‫ مَشعور‬maš‘ūr split, cracked; mad,
crazy, idiotic ‫ شغب‬šagaba, šagiba a (šagb, šagab) to disturb
the peace, make trouble, stir up riots,
‫ مَشعراني‬muš‘irānī hairy, hirsute, shaggy
cause an uproar, riot; to provoke discord,
‫ شعشع‬ša‘ša‘a to mix with water, dilute (‫ هـ‬a dissension, or controversy (among ,‫ على‬,‫ب‬
beverage); to shine, beam, radiate, glitter ‫ )ه‬III to make trouble, disturb the peace; to
‫ شعشع‬muša‘ša‘ half drunk, tipsy, rebel (‫ على‬against), mutiny
fuddled ‫ شغب‬šagab, šagb unrest, trouble,
‫ شعط‬ša‘aṭa a to scorch, sear, singe disturbance, discord, dissension; riot,
commotion, uproar, strife, tumult; brawl,
‫ شعفة‬ša‘fa pl. ‫ شعاف‬ši‘āf summit, top, fight, broil, fracas; row, wrangle,
peak contention, quarrel, controversy
‫ شعل‬ša‘ala a (ša‘l), II and IV to light, ‫ شغب‬šaggāb troublemaker, agitator,
kindle, ignite, inflame, set on fire (‫ هـ‬s.th.), subverter
set fire (‫ هـ‬to s.th.); to set ablaze, fan (‫هـ‬
s.th.) VIII to catch fire, start burning, ‫ شغوب‬šagūb causing much noise and
ignite, bum, flame, blaze, flare up, break unrest, riotous, turbulent, troublous
out (fire) │ ‫( اشتعل غضبا‬gaḍaban) to be ‫ مَشاغب‬mašāgib2 troubles, disorders,
flaming with rage; ‫( اشتعل رأسه شيبا‬šaiban) disturbances
his hair was, or turned, white
‫ مَشاغبة‬mušāgaba pl. -āt disorder,
‫ شعلة‬šu‘la pl. ‫ شعل‬šu‘al fire, blaze, disturbance, trouble, riot, uproar; rebellion
flame; torch (‫ على‬against); discord, dissension, row,
‫ مَشعل‬maš‘al, ‫ مَشعلة‬maš‘ala pl. ‫مَشاعل‬ wrangle, quarrel, controversy
mašā‘il2 torch ‫ مَشاغب‬mašāgib pl. -ūn troublemaker,
‫ مَشعال‬miš‘āl torch 474 agitator, subverter, rioter, mischief-maker
‫ مَشاعلي‬mašā‘ilī pl. ‫ مَشاعلية‬mašā‘ilīya ‫ شغر‬šagara II (‫ شغور‬šugūr) to be devoid of
torch bearer; hangman, executioner fortifications, be unprotected (country); to
be free, vacant, unoccupied, open (seat,
‫ اشعال‬iš‘āl lighting, kindling, ignition, position)
setting on fire, fanning
‫ شغور‬šugūr vacancy (of a position)
‫ اشتعال‬išti‘āl ignition, inflammation,
combustion, burning ‫ شاغر‬šāgir empty and unprotected (of a
country); free, vacant, unoccupied, open
‫ مَشتعل‬mušta‘il burning, ablaze, on fire (seat, position); ‫ شواغر‬šawāgir2 vacancies
‫ شعنينة‬ša‘nīna pl. ‫ شعانين‬ša‘ānīn2 palm branch │ ‫ شغف‬šagafa a (šagf) (to hit, or affect, the
‫ احد )عيد( الشعانين‬aḥad (‘īd) al-š. Palm pericardium, i.e.) to infatuate, enamor, fill
Sunday (Chr.) with ardent passion (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass. ‫شغف به‬
‫ شعواء‬ša‘wā’2 (used attributively with ‫غارة‬ (‫ )حبا‬šugifa bihī (ḥubban) to love s.o. or
gāra, ‫ حرب‬ḥarb, ‫ حملة‬ḥamla, and the like) s.th. passionately, be madly in love with
large-scale, devastating everything (over a s.o., be infatuated with or enamored of
wide area) s.o., be extremely fond of s.th. VII ‫انشغف به‬
= šugifa bihī
‫ شعوذ‬šawada to practice jugglery, legerdemain,
sleight of band, or magic arts ‫ شغف‬šagaf pericardium; passionate
love, passion, sensual desire; infatuation,
enamoredness, amorousness; ardent zeal, busy o.s. be occupied or busy, be
craze, love, passion preoccupied (‫ ب‬with); to be concerned (‫ب‬
about) VIII to busy o.s. occupy o.s. be
‫ شغف‬šagif madly in love, infatuated (‫ب‬
occupied or busy (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬with), be
with), enamored (‫ ب‬of), fascinated (‫ ب‬by)
engaged (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in), attend, devote o.s. (
‫ شغاف‬šigāf pericardium ‫ في‬or ‫في‬to s.th.); to work; to study (Jo
‫ شغوف‬šagūf obsessed with fervent under or with); to work, run, operate, be in
affection (‫ ب‬for); madly in love, infatuated operation, be in motion (machine, and the
(‫ ب‬with), enamored (‫ ب‬of) like) │ ‫( اشتغل قلبه‬qalbuhū) to be uneasy,
apprehensive, worried; ‫ اشتغل به عن‬to be
‫ مَشغوف‬mašgūf passionately fond (‫ ب‬of), distracted by s.th. from
madly in love, infatuated (‫ ب‬with),
enamored (‫ ب‬of), fascinated (‫ ب‬by) ‫ شغل‬šugl occupancy, filling, taking up;
detention, prevention, distraction (‫عن‬
‫ شغل‬šagala a (šagl, šugl) to occupy, busy (‫ه ب‬ from); -- (pl. ‫ اشتغال‬ištigāl, ‫ شغول‬šugūl)
s.o. with); to preoccupy (‫ ه‬s.o.), keep (‫ه‬ occupation, activity; work, job; business,
s.o.) busy, give (‫ ه‬s.o.) trouble; 475 to concern │ ‫ شاغل شغل‬that which ie
distract, divert, alienate (‫ ه عن‬s.o. from uppermost in one’s mind, chief or
s.th.).; to occupy, fill, hold, have (‫ هـ‬office, foremost concern; s.th. which preoccupies
seat, position); to take up, fill (‫ هـ‬s.th.), s.o.’s mind or distracts s.o. (‫ عن‬from); ‫اشغا‬
engage, engross (‫ هـ‬the attention); to ‫( ل شاقة‬šāqqa) hard labor; ‫اشغال عامَة‬
engage, tie down (‫ هـ‬forces of the (‘āmma) or ‫‘( اشغال عمومَية‬umūmīya) public
opponent); -- pass. šugila to occupy o.s., works; ‫( شغل يدوي‬yadawī) handwork;
busy o.s. be busy (‫ ب‬with), be engaged in; manual labor; ‫ شغل يد‬š. yad (colloq., used
to be taken up, occupied (‫ ب‬by, e.g., appositionally) handmade; ‫في شغل‬
ground by buildings); ‫ شغل به عن‬to be preoccupied (‫ مَن‬with), concerned (‫مَن‬
distracted by s.th. from │ ‫ شغل نفسه ب‬to about); ‫ في شغل ب‬busy, occupied with; ‫كان‬
occupy o.s., busy o.s. with, work at, attend ‫ في شغل عن‬to be too busy or preoccupied (
to; ‫ شغل البال‬to disquiet, discomfit, make ‫ ب‬with) to be able to attend to s.th.; ‫الزم‬
uneasy, trouble, disturb; ‫( شغل الوقت ل‬waqt) ‫ شغلك‬ilzam šuglaka mind your own
to devote tim, to II to busy, occupy (‫ ه‬s.o.), business!
engage, engross (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to employ (‫ه‬
s.o.), provide employment (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to ‫ شغال‬šaggāl very busy; hard-working,
put (‫ ه‬s.o.) to work, make (‫ هـ‬a machine) industrious, diligent, laborious, active;
work, put in operation, make run, start (‫هـ‬ being in operation, running (of a
a machine); to make, produce, machine); (pl. -ūn) worker, workman,
manufacture, fabricate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to invest ( laborer
‫ هـ‬money) III to hold in play, keep ‫ شغيل‬šaggīl pl. ‫( ة‬syr.) worker,
occupied, divert (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distract (‫ ه‬s.o.) workman, laborer, (lowly) employee
IV to occupy, busy, employ (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
‫ شاغول‬šāgūl mainsheet (of a sailing
occupy, hold, fill, have ( an office, a
vessel)
position); to fill, take up (‫ ه‬s.th.), engage,
engross (‫ هـ‬the attention); to cover (‫ ب هـ‬a ‫ مَشغل‬mašgal pl. ‫مَشا‬ā‫ غل‬mašāgil2
space with a building or buildings), workshop; workhouse
occupy, take up, fill (‫ ب هـ‬a space with); to ‫ شغلة‬pl. ‫ مَشاغل‬mašāgil2 occupation,
take, take up, require (‫ هـ‬time); to engage, avocation, activity, business, concern,
tie down (‫ هـ‬forces of the opponent); to work, job; effort, exertion; diversion,
distract, divert, alienate, entice away (‫ه عن‬ distraction, preoccupation, disturbance
from) │ ‫ اشغل البال‬to disquiet, discomfit,
make uneasy, trouble, disturb, preoccupy ‫ تشغيل‬tašgīl employment, occupation;
VI to occupy o.s., busy o.s. be occupied or providing of employment, provision of
busy, be preoccupied (‫ ب‬with), be engaged work; hiring (of s.o., as a worker);
(‫ ب‬in), attend, devote o.s. (‫ ب‬to s.th.); to opening, starting, putting into operation;
pretend to be busy VII to occupy o.s.,
476 production, manufacture, making; piece of fabric in order to ascertain its
investment (of money) quality); to have a glimpse (‫ هـ‬of s.th.),
hope (‫ هـ‬for s.th.); to try to see (‫ هـ‬through
‫ انشغال‬inšigāl (state of) being busy or
s.th.), seek to penetrate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
occupied; occupation, activity;
perceive, discern, make out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
overcharge, overwork; apprehension,
shimmer (‫ مَن‬through s.th.), show (‫مَن‬
concern, anxiety
through s.th.); to manifest itself, become
‫ اشتغال‬ištigāl (state of) being busy or tangible, perceptible, noticeable
occupied; work, occupation (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬with,
‫ شف‬šaff, šiff pl. ‫ شفوف‬šufūf diaphanous
at); syntactical regimen, government (of a
fabric, gauze
word by another; gram.)
‫ شفف‬šafaf transparency, translucence,
‫ شاغل‬šāgil pl. ‫ شواغل‬šawāgil that which
diaphaneity
preoccupies s.o., engrosses s.o.’s attention,
takes up s.o.’s time; occupation, activity; ‫ شفيف‬šafīf thin, flimsy, translucent,
object of concern or worry; pl. ‫شواغل‬ transparent, diaphanous
distractions, preoccupations │ ‫وجد شاغل‬ ‫ شفوف‬šufūf transparancy, translucence,
‫ عنه في‬be found distraction from it in …; diaphaneity
‫( هو في الف شاغل عن‬alfi šāgilin) he had a
thousand other things to think of than ...; ‫ شفافة‬šufāfa the rest in the glass
‫( كان اكبر شاغل له‬akbara šāgilin) it was his ‫ شفاف‬šaffāf thin, flimsy, translucent,
greatest worry transparent, diaphanous
‫ مَشغول‬mašgūl busy, occupied (‫ ب‬with); ‫ شفافية‬šaffāfīya transparency,
distracted, diverted (‫ عن‬from); occupied, translucence, diaphaneity
taken (seat, space); busy, occupied
(telephone line, and the like); worked on, ‫ شفت‬šift pl. ‫ شفوت‬šufūt (eg.) pincers, tweezers
processed │ ‫ مَشغول البال‬anxious, ‫ شفتر‬šaftara to pout, sulk
apprehensive, concerned, worried; ‫المشغولا‬
‫( ت الذهبية والفضية‬dahabīya, fiḍḍīya) gold ‫ شفتورة‬šaftūra thick lip
and silver work ‫ شفتشي‬see ‫جفتجي‬
‫ مَشغولية‬mašgūlīya anxiety, ‫ شفتلك‬see ‫جفتلك‬
apprehension, concern 1
‫ شفر‬šafr pl. ‫ اشفار‬ašfār palpebral margin from
‫ مَشغل‬mušaggal employee, worker which the eyelashes grow, (outer) edge of
‫ مَشتغل‬muštagil busy, occupied (‫ ب‬or ‫في‬ the eyelid; edge, rim, border, fringe
with); in operation, running (of a ‫ شفر‬šufr pl. ‫ اشفار‬ašfār palpebral margin
machine) from which the eyelashes grow, 477
‫ شفة‬šafa pl. ‫ شفاه‬šifāh, ‫ شفوات‬šafawāt lip; (outer) edge of the eyelid; edge, rim,
rim, edge │ ‫‘( الشفة العليا‬ulyā) upper lip, border. fringe; -- labium (anat.)
‫( الشفة السفلى‬suflā) lower lip; ‫ شفة الرنب‬š. ‫ شفرة‬šafra pl. šafarāt, ‫ شفار‬šifār large
a1-arnab harelip; ‫ بنت شفة‬bint š. word knife; blade (of a sword, of a knife); razor
‫ شفهى‬,‫ شفاها‬,‫ شفاهي‬and ‫ مَشافهة‬see ‫شفه‬ blade; (pl. ‫ )شفار‬brink, edge, verge │ ‫على‬
‫ شفرة الهاوية‬on the brink of the abyas
‫ شفوي‬see ‫شفو‬
‫ شفير‬šafīr palpebral margin from which
1
‫ شفائف‬šafā’if2, ‫ شفايف‬šafāyif2 lips the eyelashes grow; (outer) edge of the
2
‫ شف‬šaffa i (‫ شفوف‬šufūf, ‫ شفيف‬šafīf, ‫شفف‬ eyelids; edge, rim, border, fringe
šafaf) to be thin, flimsy; to be transparent, ‫ مَشفر‬mišfar pl. ‫ مَشافر‬mašāfir2 flew,
diaphanous, translucid, pellucid; to let (‫عن‬ chap; trunk, snout, proboscis
s.th.) shimmer through, reveal, disclose, 2
betray (‫ عن‬s.th.) VIII to drink up, drain, ‫( شفر‬Fr. chiffre) cipher, code
empty (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to eat up, devour (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ شفري‬šifrī ciphered, coded, in code
X to look (‫ هـ‬through s.th., e.g.. through a
‫ شفرة‬šifra cipher, code
‫ شفشف‬šafšafa to dry, dry out, parch, drain (‫هـ‬ ‫ شفق‬šafaq evening glow, twilight, dusk
s.th.) │ ‫( الشفق الجنوبي‬janūbī) aurora australis; ‫الشف‬
‫( ق الشمالي‬šamālī) aurora borealis; ‫الشفق‬
‫ شفط‬la/ala to suck, suck up, absorb; to empty,
‫( القطبي‬quṭbī) polar light; ‫ شفق اللهة‬Twilight
drain; to sip
of the Gods
‫ شفاطة‬šaffāṭa pl. -āt siphon │ O ‫شفاطة‬
‫ شفقة‬šafaqa compassion,
‫ الغبار‬š. al-gubār vacuum cleaner
commiseration, pity, sympathy,
‫ شفع‬šafa‘a a (šaf‘) to double (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to kind(li)ness, tenderness, affectionateness,
attach, add, subjoin (‫ هـ ب‬to s.th. s.th.), solicitude, loving care │ ‫ عديم الشفقة‬pitiless,
enclose (‫ هـ ب‬in s.th. s.th.); to give the merciless
(right of) pre-emption (‫ ه ب‬to s.o. on s.th.),
‫ شفوق‬šafūq compassionate,
grant (‫ ه‬s.o.) the lint refusal (‫ ب‬of s.th.); --
sympathetic, affectionate, tender,
(‫ شفاعة‬šafā‘a) to mediate, use one’s good
solicitous, kind(ly)
offices, put in a good word, intercede,
intervene, plead (‫ ل‬or ‫ في‬for or on behalf ‫ شفيق‬šafīq compassionate, sympathetic,
of s.o., ‫ الى‬with s.o. else) V to mediate, use affectionate, tender, solicitous, kind(ly)
one’s good offices, put in a good word, ‫ اشفاق‬išfāq compassion, pity, sympathy;
intercede, intervene, plead (‫ ل الى‬or ‫ في‬for tenderness, affectionateness; care,
or on behalf of s.o. with s.o. else) solicitude; concern, worry, anxiety,
‫ شفع‬šaf‘ pl. ‫ اشفاع‬ašfā‘, ‫ شفاع‬šifā‘ either apprehension 478
part of a pair; even number ‫ شافن‬šāfin proud
‫ شفع‬šaf‘ diplopia, double vision of a ‫ شفه‬III to speak (mouth to mouth) (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
single object
‫ شفه‬pl. ‫ شفوات‬,‫ شفاه‬see 2 ‫شف‬
‫ شفعي‬šaf‘ī even (of a number)
‫ شفهي‬šafahī lip-, labio- (in compounds),
‫ شفعة‬šuf‘a (right of) pre-emption labial; oral; ‫ الشفهي‬orals (= oral
‫ شفيع‬šafī‘ pl. ‫ شفعاء‬šufa‘ā’2 mediator, examination); ‫ شفهيا‬šafahīyan orally │
intercessor, advocate; patron saint (Chr.); ‫ الحروف الشفهية‬the labials b, f, m, w (phon.)
holder of the right of pre-emption, ‫ شفاها‬šifāhan orally
preemptor
‫ شفاهي‬šifāhī oral; ‫ الشفاهي‬the orals (=
‫ شفاعة‬šafā‘a mediation, intercession, oral examination); ‫ شفاهيا‬šifāhīyan orally
advocacy
‫ مَشافهة‬mušāfahatan orally
‫ شافع‬šāfi‘ mediator, intercessor,
advocate; holder of the right of pre- ‫ شفو‬IV to be very close (‫ على‬to s.th.), be on the
emption, pre-emptor verge, on the brink of s.th. (‫اشفى به │ )على‬
‫( على حافة اليأس‬ḥāffat al-ya’s) he brought
‫ الشافععي‬aš-šāfi‘ī founder of one of the him to the brink of despair
four orthodox Islamic schools of theology;
‫ شافعي‬Shafiitic; (pl. -ūn, ‫ شوافع‬šawāfi‘) ‫ شفا‬šafan pl. ‫ شفاء‬ašfā’ edge, rim, border,
adherent of the Shafiitic school, Shafiite brink, verge
‫ مَشفوع‬mašfū‘ accompanied (‫ ب‬by), ‫ شفوي‬šafawī lip-, labio- (in
attended, combined (‫ ب‬with) compounds), labial; oral; ‫ شفويا‬šafawīyan
orally │ ‫ الحروف الشفوية‬the labials b, f, m, w
‫ شفق‬IV to pity, commiserate (‫ على‬s.o.), feel pity (phon.)
(‫ على‬for), sympathize (‫ على‬with); to be
concerned (‫ ان‬that, ‫ على‬about) worry (‫ان‬ ‫ مَشف‬mušfin moribund, doomed to death
that, ‫ على‬about), fear (‫ ان‬that, ‫ على‬for, ‫مَن‬ ‫ شفى‬šafā i (‫ شفاء‬šifā’) to cure (‫ ه مَن‬s.o. of a
s.o., s.th.), be apprehensive, feel anxiety ( disease), heal (‫ ه مَن‬s.o. of a disease, ‫ هـ‬a
‫ على‬about, ‫ مَن‬as a result of); to shun, shirk wound), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) well, restore (‫ ه‬s.o.)
(‫ مَن‬s.th.), beware (‫ مَن‬of), be on one’s to health; -- pass. šufya to be healed, be
guard (‫ مَن‬against) cured, be restored to health, recover,
convalesce, recuperate; to heal, heal up (fig.); ‫‘( شق العصا‬aṣā) to part from the
(wound) │ (‫( شفي غلته )غليله‬gullatahū) to community, break with the community;
quench one’s thirst, gratify one’s desire, ‫‘( شق عصا الطاعة‬aṣā ṭ-ṭā‘a) to rebel, revolt,
satisfy one’s thirst for revenge; ‫شفي غيظه‬ renounce allegiance; ‫‘( شق عصا القوم‬aṣā l-
‫( مَن‬gaiẓahū) to vent one’s anger on s.o., qaum) to sow discord among people; ‫مَا شق‬
take it out on s.o. V and VIII to be cured, ‫( غبارهم‬gubārahum) he did not reach their
be healed, be restored to health (‫ ب‬by); to mark; ‫( لَ يشق غباره‬yušaqqu gubaruhū) he
take revenge, avenge o.s., satisfy one’s is unsurpassable, he is incomparable, there
thirst for revenge, vent one’s anger, take it is no one like him II to split (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
out (‫ مَن‬on) X to seek a cure tear open, rip open, slit open (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to
be split, be cleft; to split, crack, bunt; to be
‫ شفاء‬šifā’ cure, healing, restoration,
cracked VII to be split, be cleft; to split,
recovery, recuperation, convalescence;
crack, burst; to split off, separate,
satisfaction, gratification; (pl. ‫ اشفية‬ašfiyah,
segregate, secede, break away, withdraw (
‫ اشاف‬ašāfin) remedy, medicament,
‫ عن‬from), break (‫ عن‬with), renounce (‫عن‬
medication, medicine │ ‫ قابل للشفاء‬curable
s.th.); to become a schismatic (Chr.); to
‫` شفائي‬sifā’ī healing, curative, break (dawn) │ ‫‘( انشقت عصاهم‬aṣāhum)
medicative they fell out (with one another); ‫انشقت‬
‫ مَشفى‬mašfan pl. ‫ مَشاف‬mašāfīn2 hospital ‫( مَرارته‬marāratuhū) he exploded (with
anger), he blew his top VIII to derive ( ‫هـ‬
‫ تشف‬tašaffin gratification of one’s thirst ‫ مَن‬word from)
for revenge, satisfaction
‫ شق‬šaqq pl. ‫ شقوق‬šuqūq fissure, crack,
‫ استشفاء‬istišfā’ seeking of a cure; cure, chink, crevice, rift, cleft, crevasse, chasm,
(course of) treatment split, rent, tear, rip, gap, slit, slot; half,
‫ شاف‬šāfin healing, curative, medicative, moiety; -- fission, splitting, cracking,
salutary; satisfactory, clear, unquivocal (of cleavage │ ‫ شق الذرة‬š. ad-darra atomic
an answer) fission
‫ مَستشفى‬mustašfā pl. ‫مَستشفيات‬ ‫ شق‬šiqq half, side, part, portion;
mustaštayāt hospital; field hospital; trouble, difficulty, hardship │ ‫شق المعارضة‬
sanitorium │ ‫ مَستشفى المجاذيب‬insane š. al-mu‘āraḍa opposition party; َ‫ ال‬... َ‫ل‬
asylum, mental hospital ‫( بشق النفس‬illā bi-šiqqi l-anfus), ‫بشق النفس‬
only with great effort, with great
‫ شق‬šaqqa u (šaqq) to split, cleave, part, tear, difficulty, barely
rend, rip (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to break (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
plow, till, break up (‫ هـ‬the ground); ‫هـ‬to ‫ شقة‬šaqqa rift, tear, rip, fissure, crack,
furrow, traverse, cross (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pass split, crevice
go, travel (‫ هـ‬through a region); to break ‫ شقة‬šiqqa pl. ‫ شقق‬šiqaq, ‫ شقاق‬šiqāq a
(dawn); -- (‫ شقوق‬šuqūq) to break forth, half, moiety; piece; splinter; trouble, toil,
shoot up, sprout (plant), break through, labor, difficulty, hardship; difficult
erupt (tooth); -- (šaqq, ‫ مَشقة‬mašaqqa) to journey; destination of a journey; distance
be heavy, oppressive, burden some
unbearable (‫ على‬for s.o.); to grieve, trouble ‫ شقة‬šiqqa, šaqqa pl. ‫ شقق‬šiqaq
(‫ على‬s.o.); to molest, harass inconvenience apartment, flat, split-level apartment;
(‫ على‬s.o.), be troublesome, cumbersome ( compertmeut (in a train)
‫ على‬for s.o.); to visit (‫ على‬s.o.). call (‫على‬ ‫ شقة‬šuqqa pl. ‫ شقق‬šuqaq trouble, toil,
upon s.o.) │ ‫( شقت جيبه‬jaibahā) to tear the labor, difficulty, hardship; difficult
front of the garment as a sign of mourning journey; destination of a journey; distance
(woman); ‫ شق سبيل‬to cut, or open, a way │ ‫ بعد الشقة‬bu‘d aš-šuqqa (and aš-šiqqa)
for o.s.; ‫ شق السكون‬to break the silence; ‫شق‬ large or wide distance; ‫ بعيد الشقة‬b. aš-šiqqa
(‫ شارعا )طريقا‬to build a street (a road); ‫شق‬ (and aš-šiqqa) far away, distant, remote
‫ طريقه‬to force one’s way, plow ahead; ‫شق‬
‫ شقيق‬šaqīq a half, moiety; (pl. ‫اشقة‬
‫ طريقا جديدا‬to open up, or enter upon, a new
ašiqqa, ‫ اشقاء‬ašiqqā’) full brother, brother
path 479
on the paternal and maternal side; ‫ شقشقة‬šaqšaqa pl. -āt twitter(ing),
(attributively) brother-, sister-; -- anemone peopling), chirp(ing); (silly) prattle; pl. ‫شقا‬
│ ‫( القطر الشقيق‬quṭr) the brother country; ‫ شق‬šaqāšiq2 rigmarole, rambling talk │
‫( الدول الشقيقة‬duwal) the sister states (esp. ‫( شقشقة اللسان‬silly) prattle; ‫ شقشقة النهار‬s. an-
with reference to Arab countries) nahār daybreak, peep of dawn
‫ شقيقة‬šaqīqa pl. -āt, ‫ شقائق‬šaqā’iq2 full ‫ شقشقة‬šiqšiqa pl. ‫ شقاشق‬šaqāšiq2 faucal
sister, sister on the paternal and maternal bag of the camel
side; hemicrania, migraine │ ‫ شقائق النعمان‬š. ‫ شقف‬šaqaf (coll.; n. un. ‫( )ة‬pot)sherds
an-nu‘mān red anemones (bot.)
‫ شقافة‬šuqāfa (pot)sherds
‫ اشق‬ašaqq2 more troublesome, more
1
tiresome, more difficult, harder ‫ شاقل‬šāqil shekel
2
‫ مَشقة‬mašaqqa pl. -āt, ‫ مَشاق‬mašāqq2 ‫ شاقول‬šāqūl plumbline, plummet
trouble, toil, labor, difficulty, hardship ‫ شقلب‬šaqlaba to turn things upside down, upset
‫ شقاق‬šiqāq disunity, dissension, discord things II tašaqlaba to be upset, be toppled;
to turn a somersault
‫ انشقاق‬inšiqāq separation, segregation,
dissociation, spilt; schism (Chr.); ‫ شقلبة‬šaqlaba pl. -āt somersault
dissension, discord, disunion (‫ شقو‬and ‫ شقا )شقي‬šaqā u (‫ شقو‬šaqw) to
‫ اشتقاق‬ištiqāiq derivation, etymology (of make (‫ ه‬s.o.) unhappy, miserable,
a word) wretched, distress (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ‫ شقي‬šaqiya a (
‫ شقاء‬šaqā’, ‫ شقاوة‬saqāwa, ‫ شقوة‬šaqwa) to be
‫ شاق‬šāqq troublesome, tiresome, unhappy, miserable, wretched, distressed;
wearisome, cumbersome, tiresome, to have trouble (‫ ب‬with, in s.th.) IV to
tedious, fatiguing, arduous, onerous, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) unhappy, miserable,
difficult, hard │ ‫ اشغال شاقة‬hard labor wretched, distress (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مَشاق‬mušāqq schismatic (Chr.) ‫ شقاء‬šaqā’ and ‫ شقا‬saqan misfortune,
‫ مَشتق‬muštaqq pl. -āt derivative (gram.) distress, misery, wretchedness, pain,
suffering; hardship, trouble, toil, drudgery
‫ شقح‬IV to send far away, remove to a distant
place (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ شقي‬šaqīy pl. ‫ اشقياء‬ašqiyā’2 unhappy,
unlucky, miserable, wretched, distressed;
‫ شقذف‬šuqduf pl. ‫ شقاذف‬šaqādif2 a kind of sedan
damned; wretch, villain, culprit, criminal,
480
scoundrel, rogue; nasty, naughty,
‫ شقر‬šaqira a (šaqar) and šaqura u (‫شقرة‬ mischievous
šuqra) to be of fair complexion, be light
‫ شقوة‬šaqwa misfortune, distress, misery
skinned; to be blond, fair-haired
‫ شقاوة‬saqāwa misfortune, distress,
‫ شقر‬šaqar fair-complexionedness;
misery; mischief, nastiness, naughtiness
blondness
1
‫ شك‬šakka u (šakk) to pierce, transfix (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ب‬
‫ شقرة‬šuqra fair-complexionedness;
with); to impale, spit (‫ هـ ب‬s.th. on); to
blondness; redness
prick, stab (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to doubt (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬s.o.,
‫ اشقر‬ašqar2, f. ‫ شقراء‬šaqrā’2, pl. ‫ شقر‬šuqr s.th.); to distrust, suspect, question (‫ ب‬or
fair-complexioned, light skinned; blond, ‫ في‬s.o., s.th.), entertain doubts, have
fair-haired; reddish misgivings (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬about s.o., about
‫ شقرق‬saqraqa to be gay, cheerful, be s.th.); to be skeptical II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
exhilarated, amuse o.s. doubt (‫ في‬s.th.), fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with doubt,
misgivings, skepticism, suspicion (‫في‬
‫ شقشق‬šaqšaqa to twitter, peep, chirp; to babble about) V to doubt (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬s.o., s.th.), have
(‫ ب‬s.th.); to peep, break (dawn) │ ‫شقشق‬ doubts (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬about); to be skeptical,
‫ بالحديث عن‬to chat, chatter about s.th. have misgivings
3
‫ شك‬šakk pl. ‫ شكوك‬šukūk doubt, ‫ شوكران‬look up alphabetically
uncertainty, suspicion, misgiving │ ‫بل شك‬ 4
‫ شيكران‬look up alphabetically
(bi-lā), ‫( لَ شك‬šakka), ‫ ولَ شك‬wa-lā šakka,
‫ مَن دون شك‬min dūni šakk without doubt, ‫ شكس‬šakusa u (‫ شكاسة‬šakāsa) and šakisa a
doubtless, undoubtedly, indubitably, (šakas) to be malicious, spiteful,
certainly, positively; ‫لَ سبيل الى الشك فيه‬ querulous, quarrelsome, peevish, petulant,
(sabīla) doubtless, indubitable, beyond ill-tempered, morose, surly, sullen, sulky,
any doubt; ‫( لَ يتطرق اليه الشك‬yataṭarraqu, grumpy, unfriendly III to pick a quarrel, to
šakku) do. quarrel (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to quarrel (with
one another), be querulous, quarrelsome,
‫ شكة‬šakka stab, tšhrust, jab (with the petulant; to be incongruous
point of a weapon)
‫ شكس‬šakis pl. ‫ شكس‬šuks malicious,
‫ تشكك‬tašakkuk doubt; skepticism spiteful, querulous, quarrelsome, peevish,
‫ شاك‬šākk doubting, in doubt, skeptical petulant, ill-tempered, morose, surly,
│ ‫ شاك السلح‬or ‫ شاك في السلح‬armed to the sullen, sulky, grumpy, unfriendly
teeth, bristling with arms ‫ شكاسة‬šakāsa malice, spite,
‫ مَشكوك فيه‬maškūk fīhi doubtful, dubious, querulousness, peevishness, petulance, ill-
uncertain; ‫( مَشكوك في امَره‬amrihī) temperedneess, moroseness, surliness,
suspect(ed) 481 sullenness, sulkiness, grumpiness,
2 unfriendliness; rudeness
‫ شكك‬šakkaka (eg.) to sell on credit; to buy on
credit; to borrow ‫ مَشاكسة‬mušākasa pl. -āt quarrel,
controversy, dispute, wrangle; plot,
‫ شكك‬šukuk (eg.) on credit
conspiracy; moroseness, surliness,
3
‫( شك‬Fr. chèque) pl. ‫ شكات‬check grumpiness; petulance, nagging,
1
‫ شكر‬šakara u (šukr, ‫ شكران‬šukrān) to thank (‫ل‬ querulousness
or ‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ على‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬for s.th.), be ‫ تشاكس‬tašākus incongruity, absurdity
thankful, grateful (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ على‬or ‫ ل‬or
‫ شاكوش‬and ‫ شكوش‬look up alphabetically
‫ ه‬for s.th.); to praise, laud, extol (‫ ل‬or ‫ه‬
s.o.) │ ‫( يشكر عليه‬yuškaru) worthy of ‫ شكل‬šakala u (šakl) to hobble (‫ هـ بالشكال‬an
thanks, deserving acknowledgment, animal with the šikāl, q.v.); to vowel,
meritorious, praiseworthy V to thank (‫هـ ل‬ point, provide with vowel points (‫ هـ‬a
s.o. for s.th.), be thankful, grateful (‫ هـ ل‬to text); to be dubious, ambiguous,
s.o. for s.th.) equivocal, vague, obscure, intricate,
difficult II = I; to shape, fashion, form,
‫ شكر‬šukr pl. ‫ شكور‬šukūr thankfulness,
create, mold, organize, build up (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
gratefulness, gratitude; thanks,
to diversify, vary, variegate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), bring
acknowledgment; praise, laudation │ ‫شكرا‬
variety (‫ هـ‬into s.th.) III to be similar (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
‫ لك‬šukran lak I thank you! thanks! ‫شكره‬
to s.o., to s.th.), resemble (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.),
‫ شكرا جزيل‬to express many thanks to s.o.
be like s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ )هـ‬IV to be dubious,
‫ شكري‬šukrī of thanks, thanking ambiguous, equivocal, vague, obscure,
‫ شكران‬šukrān thankfulness, intricate, difficult (‫ على‬for s.o.) V to be
gratefulness, gratitude; thanks, formed, fashioned, shaped, molded,
acknowledgment; praise, laudation created, organized, built up, take form,
take shape; to be variegated, shaded,
‫ شكور‬šakūr very thankful graded, form various gradation; to
‫ شاكر‬šākir thankful, grateful materialize, appear in visible form (‫ ل‬to
s.o.) │ ‫( تشكل بشكله‬bi-šaklihī) to take on the
‫ مَشكور‬maškūr worthy of thanks, shape of s.o., assume the form of s.th. X to
deserving acknowledgment, meritorious, regard as dubious (‫ ه‬s.th.); = IV
praiseworthy
2
‫ شكل‬šakl pl. ‫ اشكال‬aškāl, ‫ شكول‬šukūl
‫ شكارة‬šikāra pl. ‫ شكائر‬šakā’ir2 (eg.) sack, similarity, resemblance, likeness; outward
gunny sack
appearance, figure, form, shape, build; ‫ شكم‬šakama u (šakm) to bridle (‫ هـ‬an animal);
form of perception, perceptual form (as to bribe (‫ ه‬s.o.); to silence, gag, muzzle
opposed to matter or content; philos.); 482 (s.o.)
type, out, pattern; mode, manner; sort, ‫ شكيمة‬šakīma pl. ‫ شكائم‬šakā’im2, ‫شكم‬
kind, specimen; ‫ شكل‬vowelization, šukum, ‫ شكيم‬šakīm bit, curb, snaffle,
voweling; ‫ شكلا‬formally, in form │ ‫هم‬ bridoon; (pl. ‫ )شكائم‬O brake (of a wheel);
‫ وأشكالهم‬they and the like of them unruliness, unyieldingness obstinacy;
‫ شكلي‬šaklī formal; pl. ‫ شكليات‬formalities contempt, disdain, scorn │ ‫شديد الشكيمة‬
stubborn, obstinate, unyielding; ‫قوة الشكيمة‬
O ‫ شكلية‬šaklīya formalism
quwwat aš-š. energy; ‫ قوي الشكيمة‬qawīy aš-
‫ شكل‬šikl coquetry, coquettishness š. energetic, vigorous, active
‫ شكلة‬šakila coquettish woman, coquette, ‫ شكه‬III to resemble (‫ هـ‬s.th.), he like
flirt s.th. (‫)هـ‬
‫ شكلي‬šuklī quarrelsome, peevish (‫ شكا )شكو‬šakā u (‫ شكو‬šakw, ‫شكوى‬
‫ شكل‬šikal pl. -āt, ‫ شكل‬šukul fetter, šakwā, ‫ شكاة‬šakāh, ‫ شكاية‬šikāya, ‫شكية‬
hobble (for shackling the feet of a riding šakīya) to complain (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of, about, ‫ل‬
animal) or ‫ الى‬to s.o., ‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬of or about s.th.),
make a complaint; to raise or lodge a
‫ تشكيل‬taškīl pl. -āt forming, formation, complaint (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of, about or against
shaping, molding, fashioning, creation, s.o., ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬with s.o.); to suffer (‫ هـ‬from
organization, building up; order of march s.th.) V = I; VI to complain to one another
(mil.); pl. ‫ تشكيلات‬formations; organizations (‫ هـ‬of, about s.th.) VIII = I
‫ تشكيلة‬taškīla assortment, selection, ‫ شكوة‬šakwa complaint, grievance; (pl.
variety; formation ‫ شكوات‬šakawāt, ‫ شكاء‬šikā’) small skin (for
‫ مَشاكلة‬mušākala similarity, water or milk)
resemblance, likeness ‫ شكوى‬šakwā pl. ‫ شكاوى‬šakāwā
‫ اشكال‬iškāl dubiosity, ambiguity, complaint; accusation; suffering,
obscurity, vagueness grievance
‫ تشاكل‬tašākul similarity, resemblance ‫ شكاة‬šakāh complaint; accusation;
suffering, grievance
‫ شاكلة‬šākila way, manner, mode; (pl. ‫شوا‬
‫ كل‬šawākil2) flank, side, groin │ ‫على شاكلة‬ ‫ شكاية‬šikāya complaint; accusation;
in the manner of, of the kind of, like, ‫على‬ suffering, grievance
‫ شاكلتهم‬of their kind, like them; ‫كان على‬ ‫ شكية‬šakīya complaint; accusation;
‫ شاكلتهم‬to be of the same kind, of the same suffering, grievance
strain as s.th.
‫ شكاء‬šakkā’ given to complaining,
‫ مَشكل‬mušakkal different, diverse, querulous
manifold, miscellaneous, variegated;
vowel(iz)ed ‫ مَشكاة‬miškāh pl. ‫ مَشكاوات‬miškāwāt, ‫مَشاك‬
mašākin niche (for a lamp); lamp, pendent
‫ مَشكل‬muškil turbid, murky (liquid); lamp 483
dubious, ambiguous, equivocal, obscure,
vague, hazy; difficult, intricate, involved, ‫ شاك‬šākin complainant, plaintiff │ ‫شاكي‬
problematic; problem, unsolved question, ‫ السلح = شاك السلح‬šākk as-s.
issue; difficulty (‫ مَشكو )مَنه‬maškūw complained of,
‫ مَشكلة‬muškila pl. -āt, ‫ مَشاكل‬mašākil 2 accused, charged; an accused, defendant
problem, unsolved question, issue; ‫ مَشتك‬muštakin complainant, plaintiff
difficulty
‫ مَشتكى عليه‬muštaka ‘alaihi complained
of, accused, charged; an accused,
defendant
1
‫ شكوريا‬šikūriyā chicory ‫ شلق‬šalaqa u (šalq) to split lengthwise (‫هـ‬
s.th.)
‫ شكولَته‬šukūlāta (eg.), šikōlāta (syr.), chocolate
‫ شلق‬bale (e.g., of hay)
‫ شاكوش‬and ‫ شكوش‬see ‫( شاكوش‬alphabetically)
2
‫ شولقي‬šaulaqī person with a sweet tooth
‫ شل‬šalla a (šall, ‫ شلل‬šalal) to dry up, wither,
become crippled, stunted; to be paralyzed, ‫ شليك‬look up alphabetically
be lame; -- šalla u to paralyze (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ 1
‫ شولم‬look up alphabetically
‫( شل حركته‬ḥarakatahū) to overwhelm s.o.,
2
َ‫ل‬ring s.o. down IV to cause (‫ هـ‬the hand) ‫ شيلم‬look up alphabetically
to wither; to paralyze (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫( شلن‬Engl.) šilin pl. -āt shilling
neutralize, bring to a stand-still (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
VII to be paralyzed, be lamed ‫ شلو‬šilw pl. ‫ اشلاء‬ašlā’ corpse (esp. one in a
state of decay); severed member (of the
‫ شلة‬šalla destination (of a journey) body); part torn off, fragment; remnant;
‫ شلة‬šilla pl. ‫ شلل‬šilal hank, skein (of stump of a limb
yarn); coil, spool; party, group ‫( شليك‬Turk. çilek) šilek (eg.) strawberries
‫ شلل‬šalal paralysill, pelsy, paralyzation ‫ شم‬šamma (1st pers. perf. šamimtu) a and (1st
(also fig.) │ ‫ شلل الطفال‬š. al-aṭfāl, ‫الشلل‬ pers. perf. šamamtu) u (šamm, ‫ شميم‬šamīm)
‫( الطفلي‬ṭiflī) infantile paralysis, to smell, sniff (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to snulf (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
poliomyelitis; ‫( الشلل الَهتزازي‬ihtizāzī) to emanate, exude (‫ مَن‬from) │ ‫شم النسيم‬
paralysis agitans, Parkinson’s disease (‫( )الهواء‬hawā’a) to get a breath of fresh
‫ شلل‬šallāl pl. -āt cataract, waterfall, air, take a walk; -- šamma (1st pers. perf.
rapids šamimtu) a (‫ شمم‬šamam) to behave
proudly or haughtily, be proud, haughty,
‫ اشل‬ašall2, f. ‫ شلاء‬šallā’2 withered, supercilious II to give (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. s.th.) to
stunted (hand); paralyzed, lame; a smell, 484 let (‫ ه‬s.o.) smell (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV – II
paralytic V to savor the smell of s.th. (‫)هـ‬, sniff (‫هـ‬
‫ مَشلول‬mašlūl paralyzed, lame s.th.) │ ‫ تشمم الخبار‬to nose about for news
VIII to smell, sniff (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to gather,
‫ شلبي‬šalabī dandyish, foppish; dandy,
understand (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from), read (‫مَن ه‬
fop; (pal.) nice, handsome, beautiful
s.th. into)
1
‫ شلت‬II to kick
‫ شم‬šamm smelling; sense of smell,
2
‫ شلتة‬šalta pl. -āt, ‫ شلت‬šilat mattress olfaction │ ‫ شم النسيم‬Egyptian popular
‫ شلح‬šalaḥa a (šalḥ) to take off (‫ ثيابه‬tiyābahū holiday on the Monday following the
one’s clothes); to shed the cloth (‫)هـ‬, Greek Coptic Easter at the end of March,
renounce the ministry (monk, prieat) II to in April or in early May

undress, disrobe, strip (‫ ه‬s.o.); to roh, ‫ شمة‬šamma pinch (of snuff); smell,
plunder (‫ ه‬s.o.) odor; slight trace of s.th., whiff

‫ مَشلح‬mašlaḥ pl. ‫ مَشالح‬mašāliḥ, (syr., ‫ شمي‬šammī olfactory


nejd.) long, sowing cloak of wool or ‫ شمم‬šamam pride, haughtiness,
camel’s hair, also one with gold superciliousness
embroidery
‫ شمام‬šammām pl. -ūn (tobacco) snuffer
‫ تشليح‬tašlīḥ robbing, plundering,
‫ شمام‬šammām (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬musk-
robbery
melon, cantaloupe
‫ مَشلح‬mušallaḥ dressing room (in a
‫ اشم‬ašamm 2, f. ‫ شماء‬šammā’2, pl. ‫شم‬
public bath)
šumm having a sensitive, or good, nose;
‫ شلشل‬šalšala to dribble, trickle supercilious, haughty; proud (in a
‫ شلفة‬šilfa (razor) blade complimentary sense); highborn; most
honorable
‫ الشمام‬al-išmām the pronunciation of u ‫ شمر‬II to gather up, lift, roll up, tuck up,
with a trace of i, as rüdda for rudda, and turn up (‫ هـ‬a garment); to prepare, get
vice versa, qǖla for qīla (gram.) ready │ ‫ شمر للمَر‬to embark upon s.th.,
buckle down to s.th.; ‫ شمر عن ساعده‬to bare
‫ شامَة‬šāmma sense of smell, olfaction
the upper arm (by rolling up the sleeve),
‫ مَشموم‬mašmūm musk get to work; ‫( شمر عن يد الجد‬s. al-jidd) to
(‫ اشمأز )شمأز‬išma’azza = to contract, get buckle dawn to a job, rally all one’s
contracted, shrink; to shrink back, recoil ( forces, put one’s shoulder to the wheel V
‫ مَن‬from), shudder (‫ مَن‬at), abhor, detest (‫مَن‬ to set to work briskly 485
s.th.), feel disgust (‫ مَن‬for), be nauseated ( ‫ شمر‬šamar fennel (bot.)
‫ مَن‬by)
‫ شمرة‬šumra, šamra fennel
‫ اشمئزاز‬išmi’zāz shudder; disgust,
‫ شمار‬šamār fennel
aversion, repugnance
‫ مَشمر‬mušammir busily at work in (an
‫ مَشمئز‬mušma’izz disgusted, nauseated,
activity)
revolted (‫ مَن‬by)
‫ شمروخ‬šumrūk pl. ‫ شماريخ‬šamārīk2 stalk with
‫( شمبانيا‬Fr.) šambanyā champagne
date cluster; date-palm panicle, branch
‫ شمت‬šamita a (‫ شمات‬šamāt, ‫ شماتة‬šamāta) to stripped of its leaves; little stick;
rejoice at the misfortune of s.o. (‫)ب‬, gloat detonator, primer cap
over s.o.’s (‫ )ب‬mishaps, savor s.o.’s (‫)ب‬
‫ اشمأز‬see ‫شمأز‬
bad luck II to disappoint (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
cause s.o. (‫ )ه‬to take malicious pleasure in ‫ شمس‬šamasa u (‫ شموس‬šumūs, ‫ شماس‬šimās) to
the mishaps of another (‫)ب‬ be headstrong, balky, restive (of a horse);
-- šamasa i u and šamisa a (šamas) to be
‫ شمات‬šamāt malicious joy,
sunny (day) II to expose (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to the
Schadenfreude
sun, lay ( ‫هـ‬s.th.) out in the sun to dry; to
‫ شماتة‬šaamāta malicious joy, perform the office of deacon (Chr.) IV to
Schadenfreude, malice be sunny (day) V to bask, sun o.s., lie or
‫ شامَت‬šāmit pl. ‫ شمات‬šummāt, pl. f. ‫شوامَت‬ sit in the sun
šawāmit2 enjoying another’s misfortune, ‫ شمس‬šams f., pl. ‫ شموس‬šumūs sun │
malicious, gloating ‫ سمت الشمس‬samt aš-š. ecliptic (astron.);
‫ شمخ‬šamaka a (samk, ‫ شموخ‬šumūk) to be ‫ شروق الشمس‬sunrise; ‫ ضربة الشمس‬ḍarbat aš-
high, tall, lofty, tower up, loom (mountain, š. sunstroke, heat prostration; ‫عباد الشمس‬
building); to disdain (‫ على‬s.th.), turn up ‘abbād aš-š. sunflower; ‫ غروب الشمس‬sunset
one’s nose (‫ على‬at s.th.) │ (‫شمخ بأنفه )انفه‬ ‫ شمسي‬šamsī sun- (in compounds), solar
(bi-anfihī, anfahū) to be arrogant, haughty, │ ‫( الحروف الشمسية‬gram.) the sun letters
proud, supercilious VI to be high, tall, (which assimilate the l of the article);
lofty, tower up, loom; to be boastful, put ‫( صورة شمسية‬ṣūra) photograph, photo;
on airs; to be proud, haughty, supercilious ‫ التصوير الشمسي‬phtoography
‫ تشامَخ‬tašāmuk pride, haughtiness, ‫ شمسية‬šamsīya pl. -āt (colloq. ‫شماسي‬
arrogance šamāsī) sunshade, parasol; umbrella;
‫ شامَخ‬šāmik pl. ‫ شمخ‬šummak, ‫شوامَخ‬ curtain, screen; stop (of a wind
šawāmik2 high, tall, lofty, towering; proud, instrument) │ ‫ شمسية الشباك‬š. aš-ubbāk
haughty, supercilious │ ‫ شامَخ النف‬š. al-anf window curtain, drape; O ‫ شمسية الطيار‬š. aṭ-
proud, haughty, supercilious, arrogant ṭayyār parachute

‫ مَتشامَخ‬mutašāmik high, tall, lofty, ‫ شموس‬šamūs pl. ‫ شمس‬šumus headstrong,


towering; proud, haughty, supercilious; balky, restive (horse)
towering in lofty heights ‫ شماس‬šammās pl. ‫ شممسة‬šamāmisa
‫ مَشمخر‬mušmakirr lofty, towering (of buildings) deacon of the lower rank of the ministry,
nowadays, with unconsecrated persons
frequently performing this office, (bi-‘ināyatihī) to bestow one’s care on
corresponding to the sexton or sacristan s.o., take s.o. under one’s wing V ‫تشمل‬
(Chr.); acolyte and liturgical cantor of ‫ بالشملة‬to wrap o.s. in the šamla (q.v.) VIII
Oriental Christian rites (clerics and = V; to wrap o.s. (‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬in s.th.); to contain,
laymen) comprise, comprehend, enclose, enfold,
imply, implicate, include (‫ على‬s.th.) │ ‫اشتمل‬
‫ شامَس‬šamis sunny (day)
‫( ه السواد‬sawādu) it was completely black
‫ مَشمس‬mušmis sunny (day)
‫ شمل‬šaml uniting, gathering,
‫ شمشم‬šamšama to sniff (‫ هـ‬s.th.) concentration; unity. union │ ‫جمع الشمل‬
‫ شمط‬šamiṭa a (šamaṭ) to become gray, haired, jam‘ aš-š. reunion, reunification; ‫اجتماع‬
turn gray ‫ الشمل‬reunion; unity, union; ‫مَزق شمله‬
mazzaqa šamlahū to break up, dismember,
‫ اشمط‬ašmaṭ2, f. ‫ شمطاء‬šamṭā’ 2, pl. ‫شمط‬ dismantle, parcel s.th.; to partition s.th.,
šumṭ, ‫ شمطان‬gray-haired divide s.th. up
‫ شمع‬II to rub, or smear, with wax, to wax (‫هـ‬ ‫ شملة‬šamla pl. šamalāt cloak; turban │
s.th.) │ ‫( شمع الفتلة‬fatla) to slip away, ‫ ام شملة‬ummu šamlata the world, the
abscond, make off, decamp temporal joys
‫ شمع‬šam‘, šama‘ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫شموع‬ ‫ شمائل‬šamā’il2 (pl.) good qualities;
šumū‘ wax; (wax) candles │ ‫الشمع الحمر‬ character, nature
sealing wax; ‫ شمع الختم‬š. al-katm do.; ‫شمع‬
‫( لتلميع الرضية‬li-talmī‘ al-araḍīya) floor ‫ اشمل‬ašmal more comprehensive; more
wax general, more universal

‫ شمعة‬šam‘a, šama‘a (n. un.) (wax) ‫ شامَل‬šāmil comprehensive, exhaustive;


candle │ O ‫ شمعة الشرارة‬š. aš-šarāra spark general, universal, complete, total
plug ‫ مَشمول‬mašmūl contained, comprised,
‫ شمعي‬šam‘ī, šama‘ī waxy, waxen, included, implied │ ‫( مَشمول برعايته‬bi-
ceraceous, cero- (in compounds), made of ri‘āyatihī) enjoying the protection or
wax patronage of s.o.; ‫ مَشمولات الوظيفة‬the
inherent functions of an office
‫ شماع‬šammā‘ chandler, maker or seller
of candles ‫ مَشتمل‬muštamal comprising, containing,
including (‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ شماعة‬šammā‘a clothes rack, clothes
peg, hat rack ‫ مَشتمل‬muštamal cottage (for rent)

‫ مَشمع‬mušamma‘ waterproof, ‫ مَشتملات‬muštamalāt contents


impermeable (of a garment); -- (pl. -āt) 2
‫ شمال‬šamāl, šimāl north; north wind; šimāl
waterproof material; impregnated linen; left hand; left side; left; ‫ الشمال‬the left
waterproof cover or coating; oilcloth, wax (pol.); ‫ شمال‬šimāla north of …; ‫شمالا‬
cloth; linoleum │ ‫( مَشمع بتيومَين للسقف‬li-s- šimālan to the left; northward, to the north
saqf) bituminous roof covering, roofing │ ‫( شمال شرقي‬šarqī) northeast; ‫شمال غربي‬
felt, tar paper; ‫( مَعطف مَشمع‬mi‘ṭaf) raincoat (garbī) northwest; ‫ كوكب الشمال‬kaukab aš-
‫ شمعدان‬šam‘addān pl. -āt, ‫ شماعد‬šamā‘id2, ‫شماعدي‬ š. polar star; ‫( اليد الشمال‬yad) the left hand
‫ ن‬candlestick, candelabrum ‫ شمالي‬šamalī, šimālī northern, northerly,
‫ يشمق‬look up alphabetically 486 north; situated on the left; ‫ الشماليون‬the
1
leftist parties (pol.) │ ‫( الشفق الشمالي‬šafaq)
‫ شمل‬šamila a (šamal) and šamala u (šaml, ‫شم‬ aurora borealis, northern lights
‫ ول‬šumūl) to contain, comprise, 3
comprehend, enclose (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to imply, ‫شملول‬šumlūl pl. ‫ شماليل‬šamālīl2 small amount,
implicate, include (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to touch, small quantity; -- (eg.) šamlūl brisk, vivid,
affect, fill, overcome, pervade (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., agile, lively, nimble
s.th., of feelings, emotions); to prevail, be 4
‫ مَشمل‬,‫ مَشملة‬look up alphabetically
general, universal │ ‫شمله بعنايته‬
‫ شمندر‬šamandar white beet, chard ‫ شنع‬šanī‘ ugly, abominable, repugnant,
repulsive, disgusting, atrocious, hideous,
‫ شمندورة‬šamandūra buoy
horrid, horrible, disgraceful, ignominious
1
‫ شن‬šanna u (šann): ‫( شن غارة‬gāratan) to make
‫ شنعة‬šun‘a ugliness, hideousness,
a raid, an invasion; to make an attack,
horridness, repulsiveness
launch an attack (‫ على‬against, on) IV = I
‫ شنيع‬šanī‘ ugly, abominable, repugnant,
‫ شن‬šann pl. ‫ شنون‬šunūn (water)skin
repulsive, disgusting, atrocious, hideous,
‫ مَشنة‬mišanna basket without handles horrid, horrible, disgraceful, ignominious
‫ اشنان‬look up alphabetically ‫ شناعة‬šanā‘a ugliness, hideousness,
‫ شنأ‬šana’a a (‫ شنآن‬šan’ān, šana’ān) to hate horridness, repulsiveness

‫ شنب‬šanab pl. ‫ اشنب‬ašnāb mustache ‫ اشنع‬ašna‘2, f. ‫ شنعاء‬šan‘ā’2 ugly,


abominable, repugnant, repulsive,
‫ شنتيان‬šintiyān pl. ‫ شناتين‬šanātīn2 loose trousers disgusting, atrocious, hideous, horrid,
resembling pantalets, worn by women horrible, disgraceful, ignominious
‫ شنج‬šanija a (šanaj) to contract, shrink; to ‫ شنغوبة‬šungūba pl. ‫ شناغيب‬šanāgīb2
suffer from convulsions V = I; to twitch spicate protuberance; thorn, spike
‫ تشنج‬tašannuj contraction, shriveling, ‫ شنف‬II ‫( شنف الذان‬ādāna) to please the ears, to
shrinking (of the skin); convulsive delight (of a voice)
contraction (of a muscle), twitch, jerk,
convulsion, spasm, fit, cramp │ ‫التشنج‬ ‫ شنف‬sanf pl. ‫ شنوف‬šunūf earring
‫( الرعشي‬ra‘šī) clonic spasm; ‫التشنج الكزازي‬ ‫ شنق‬šanaqa u (šanq) to hang (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o. on
(kuzāzī) tonic spasm the gallows)
‫ تشنجي‬tašannujī spastic, spasmodic, ‫ شنق‬šanq hanging
cramplike, paroxysmal, convulsive 487
‫ شنق‬šanaq rope
‫ شنخوبة‬šunkūba pl. ‫ شناخيب‬šanākīb2 large rock,
‫ مَشنقة‬mišnaqa pl. ‫ مَشانق‬mašāniq2
boulder
gallows, gibbet; scaffold, place of
‫ شنر‬II to blame, censure, revile, slander, abuse execution (by hanging); mašnaqa gallows,
(‫ على‬s.o.) gibbet
‫ شنار‬šanār disgrace, ignominy ‫ مَشنوق‬mašnūq hanged
2 2
‫ شنارق‬šanāriq = ‫ شرانق‬šarāniq ‫ شنقب‬šunqub bécassine, snipe (zool.)
‫ شنشنة‬šanšana rustling (of paper); cracking, ‫ شنكل‬šankala (eg.) to trip (‫ ه‬s.o.) up; to hook up
crackling
‫ شنكل‬šankal pl. ‫ شناكل‬šanākil2 clothes
2
‫ شنشنة‬šinšina pl. ‫ شناشن‬šanāšin nature, peg; hook
disposition; habit, custom, practice
‫ شنهق‬šanhaqa to bray (donkey)
1
‫ شنيطة‬šunaiṭa knot; noose, loop
‫ شهب‬šahab gray color, gray
2
‫ شنطة‬šanṭa pl. ‫ شنط‬šunaṭ suitcase; satchel;
‫ شهبة‬šuhba gray color, gray
bag, traveling bag │ ‫ شنطة اليد‬š. al-yad
handbag ‫ شهاب‬šihāb pl. ‫ شهب‬šuhub, ‫ شهبان‬šuhbān
flame, blaze, fire; shooting star, luminous
‫ شنع‬šanu‘a u (šana‘, ‫ شناعة‬šana‘a) to be ugly,
meteor; star
abominable, repugnant, repulsive,
atrocious, hideous, horrid, horrible, ‫ اشهب‬ašhab2, f. ‫ شهباء‬šahbā’2, pl. ‫شهب‬
disgraceful; -- šana‘a a (šan‘) to dishonor, šuhb gray; ‫ الشهباء‬epithet of Aleppo (Syria)
disgrace (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) II to calumniate, ‫ شهد‬šahida a (‫ شهود‬šuhūd) to witness (‫هـ‬
slander, revile, defame (‫ على‬s.o.); to s.th.), be witness (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to
pillory, expose, condemn, denounce (‫على‬ experience personally (‫ هـ‬s.th.), see with
s.o., s.th.) one’s own eyes (‫ ه‬s.o. in a situation); to be
present (‫ هـ‬at), attend (‫ هـ‬a celebration); to a saint; funeral cortege; profession; view,
be present at the public appearance of s.o. aspect, spectacle, sight, scenery; place or
(‫ ;)ه‬to see (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- (‫ شهادة‬šahāda) to object of interest; scene (e.g., of a crime,
testify, bear witness; to attest, confirm, of nature); act, number (as part of a
certify (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that), testify, give program, e.g., in vaudeville), scene (in
testimony, give evidence (‫ على‬against s.o., theater, as part of a play); aspect │ ‫مَشهد‬
to or about s.th., ‫ ل‬in s.o.’s favor); to sign ‫( غنائي‬ginā’ī) song scene, vocal recital; ‫مَشا‬
as a witness, to witness (J. a document); ‫ هد الحياة‬m. al-ḥayāh aspects of life
488 to acknowledge, adjudge (‫ ب ل‬to s.o., ‫ مَشاهدة‬mušāhada seeing, viewing,
s.th.) │ ‫ شهد‬to swear by God; ‫ شهد قانونيا‬to witnessing, inspection; (pl. -āt) view,
notarize ill to see (with one’s own eyes), sight, spectacle; apparition, vision
view, inspect, watch, observe, witness (‫هـ‬
s.th.) IV to call (‫ ه‬upon s.o.) as a witness ( ‫ اشهاد‬išhād pl. -āt written certification
‫ على‬for s.th.); pass. ušhida to be martyred, ‫ استشهاد‬istišhād citation. quotation;
die as a martyr X to call (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬upon s.o.) death of a martyr; death of a hero, heroic
or cite (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.) as witness (‫ على‬against death; martyrdom
or for, ‫ في‬in); to cite, quote (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
attest (e.g., ‫ على مَعنى كلمة ببيت‬the meaning ‫ شاهد‬šāhid pl. ‫ شهود‬šuhūd, ‫ شهد‬šuhhad
of a word by a verse); pass. ustušhida to present; -- (pl. ‫ شهود‬šuhūd, ‫ اشهاد‬ašhād)
be martyred, die as a martyr witness (‫ على‬for); notary public; -- pl. ‫شواه‬
‫ د‬šawāhid2) (piece of) evidence (‫ على‬for);
‫ شهد‬šahd, šuhd pl. ‫ شهاد‬šihād honey; attestation; quotation serving as textual
honeycomb evidence; testimony; an oblong, upright
‫ شهدة‬šahda carbuncle tombstone │ ‫ شاهد الثبات‬š. al-itbāt witness
for the prosecution; ‫ شاهد السمع‬š. as-sam‘
‫ شهيد‬šahīd pl. ‫ شهداء‬šuhadā’2 witness; earwitness; ‫ شاهد‬s. al-‘ain, ‫ شاهد عيان‬š.
martyr, one killed in battle with the ‘iyān, ‫‘( شاهد عياني‬iyānī) eyewitness; ‫شاهد‬
infidels; one killed in action ‫ النفي‬š. an-nafy witness for the defense; ‫على‬
‫ شهيدة‬šahīda (woman) martyr ‫ رؤوس الشهاد‬in public, for everyone to see
‫ شهادة‬šahāda pl. -āt testimony, witness, ‫ شاهدة‬šāhida pl. ‫ شواهد‬šawāhid2 an
evidence, deposition; statement; oblong, upright tombstone; index finger;
certificate, certification, testimonial, true copy, copy of a letter, duplicate; ‫الشاهدة‬
affidavit; attestation, attest; credentials, the Earth
identification; (Muslim) creed (= doftrinal ‫ مَشهود‬mašhūd taking place in the
formula); martyrdom, ‫ شهادة الثبات‬š. al- presence of spectators or witnesses;
itbāt evidence for the prosecution; ‫شهادة‬ happening before a large audience, well-
‫( حسن السير والسلوك‬š. ḥusn as-sair) attended; memorable (day, event) │ ‫بالجرم‬
certificate of good conduct; ‫شهادة خلو الطرف‬ ‫( المشهود‬jurm) in the act, red-handed,
‫ عن العمل‬š. kulūw aṭ-ṭaraf ‘an il-‘amal flagrante delicto │ ‫( اليوم المشهود‬yaum) the
certificate of discharge (from a position); Day of Resurrection; red-letter day, festive
‫( شهادة الدراسة الثانوية‬tānawīya) secondary public holiday 489
school diploma; ‫ شهادة زور‬š. zūr false
testimony; ‫ شهادة على شهادة‬indirect ‫ مَشاهد‬mušāhid pl. -ūn spectator,
testimony (Isl. Law); ‫ شهادة العالمية‬š. onlooker, observer
al-‘ālimīya (Eg.) diploma of higher ‫ مَشاهد‬mušāhad visible, perceptible; pl.
learning (highest diploma awarded by Al ‫ مَشاهدات‬things seen, sights; visible things
Azhar University); ‫‘( شهادة عالية‬āliya)
diploma; ‫ شهادة النفي‬š. an-nafy evidence for ‫ شهر‬šahara a (šahr) to make well-known,
the defense; ‫ شهادة الولَدة‬birth certificate famous, renowned, notorious (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to spread, make known, divulge,
‫ مَشهد‬mašhad pl. ‫ مَشاهد‬mašāhid2 place of proclaim, announce (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to draw,
assembly, assembly, meeting; place where unsheathe (‫ هـ‬a weapon); pass. šuhira to
a martyr or hero died; religious shrine be or become well-known, famed, famous,
venerated by the people, esp. the tomb of
renowned, notorious (‫ ب‬by or for s.th. ‫ الفلس‬i. al-iflās notice of bankruptcy,
respectively, by or under a name) │ ‫شهر‬ declaration of insolvency
‫( الحرب عليه‬ḥarb) to declare war on s.o.; ‫ اشتهار‬ištihār repute, reputation,
‫( شهر البندقية‬bunduqīya) to level a gun (‫على‬ renown, fame, famousness, celebrity;
at s.o.) II to make well-known, famous, notoriety
renowned, notorious (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
spread, make known, divulge, proclaim, ‫ مَشهور‬mašhūr pl. ‫ مَشاهير‬mašāhīr2 well-
announce (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to defame, slander, known, widely known, renowned, famous,
revile publicly, pillory, condemn, celebrated; notorious, ill-reputed; wide-
denounce (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to engage or hire (‫ه‬ spread, common; a famous, celebrated
s.o.) on a monthly basis, rent (‫ هـ‬s.th.) by personality, a celebrity; accepted,
the month IV to make known, proclaim, established, canonical (textual variant,
announce, spread, divulge (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to version of the Koran) │ ‫على المشهور‬
unsheathe, draw (‫ ه‬a weapon); to sell at according to the general belief, as it is
auction, also ‫( اشهر المزاد‬mazāda) │ ‫اشهر‬ (was) generally understood
‫( مَزاد بيع شيء‬mazāda bai‘i š.) to auction ‫ مَشهر‬mušahhar well-known, widely
s.th. off, put s.th. up at auction VIII to be known, renowned, famous, celebrated;
or become well-known, famed, famous, notorious, ill-reputed
renowned, notorious (‫ ب‬by or for s.th.
respectively, by or under a name); to be ‫ شهق‬šahaqa a i (‫ شهيق‬šahīq) to bray (donkey);
known (‫ عن‬of s.o., a trait, and the like); to -- šahaqa a i and šahiqa a (‫ شهيق‬šahīq, ‫شها‬
be widespread, common ‫ ق‬šuhāq, ‫ تشهاق‬tašhāq) to inhale; to sigh
deeply; to sob, gulp; to moan, groan IV ‫اشه‬
‫ شهر‬šahr pl. ‫ اشهر‬ašhur, ‫ شهور‬šuhūr new ‫( ق بالبكاء‬bi-l-bukā’) to burst into tears,
moon; month │ ‫ شهر العسل‬š. al-‘asal break out into loud weeping
honeymoon
‫ شهقة‬šahqa moan(ing), groan(ing);
‫ شهري‬šahrī monthly, mensal; ‫شهريا‬ gulping 490
šahrīyan monthly, per month, by the
month │ ‫ اشتراك شهري‬monthly ‫ شهيق‬šahīq braying, brays (of a
subscription; monthly fee or contribution; donkey); sobbing, sobs; sighing, sighs;
‫ نصف شهري‬niṣfu šahrīyin fortnightly, inhalation, breathing in
semimonthly, appearing biweekly ‫ شاهق‬šāhiq pl. ‫ شواهق‬šawāhiq2 high,
‫ شهرية‬šahrīya monthly salary lofty, towering (building, mountain) │ ‫علو‬
‫‘( شاهق‬ulūw) tremendous height
‫ شهرة‬šuhra repute, reputation, renown,
fame, famousness, celebrity; notoriety; ‫ شواهق‬šawāhiq2 heights
surname (Syr., Leb.) │ ‫شهرة عالمية‬ ‫ شهل‬II to accelerate, speed up, expedite (‫هـ‬
(‘ālamīya) world-wide renown, worldwide s.th.); to remove quickly, hurry off (‫ ه‬s.o.)
fame
‫ شهل‬šahil nimble, swift, quick
‫ شهير‬šahīr widely known, well-known,
famous, renowned, celebrated (‫ ب‬by a ‫ شهلة‬šuhla bluish-black color of the
name); notorious, ill-reputed eyes

‫ اشهر‬ašhar2 better known, more widely ‫ اشهل‬ašhal, f. ‫ شهلاء‬šahlā’2 having


known bluish-black eyes

‫ مَشاهرة‬mušāhara pl. -āt monthly salary; ‫ شهم‬šahm, pl. ‫ شهام‬šihām perspicacious,


pl. monthly payments, monthly sagacious, astute, clever, bold, audacious;
allowances; mušāharatan monthly, per energetic; noble, gallant, decent;
month, by the month gentleman

‫ اشهار‬išhār announcement, ‫ شهامَة‬šahāma perspicacity, sagacity,


proclamation, declaration; public sales, astuteness, cleverness; audacity, boldness,
auction; publicity, advertising │ ‫اشهار‬ gallantry, noble-mindedness; energy,
vigor, verve; decency, respectability
‫ شاهين‬pl. ‫ شواهين‬look up alphabetically ‫ شوال‬šuwāl, šiwāl pl. -āt (large) sack
1
‫ )شهو‬and ‫ شها )شهي‬šahā u and ‫ شهي‬šahiya a (‫شه‬ (‫ شاب )شوب‬šāba u (šaub, ‫ شياب‬šiyāb) to mix,
‫ وة‬šahwa) to desire, wish, covet, crave (‫هـ‬ blend (‫ هـ ب‬s.th. with); to adulterate,
s.th.), long (‫ هـ‬for s.th.) II to make vitiate, contaminate, spoil, corrupt,
covetous, fill with desire, allure, entice (‫ه‬ pollute, tarnish, sully, stain, spot (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
s.o.); to arouse greed, desire, appetite (‫ ه‬in to mix, blend, intermix (‫ هـ‬with) │ ‫لَ تشوبه‬
s.o., ‫ هـ‬for s.th.); to whet the appetite, be ‫ شائبة‬blameless, flawless, unblemished,
appetizing (food) V and VIII to be immaculate
covetous, greedy, to long (‫ هـ‬for s.th.), ‫ شوب‬šaub mixture; tarnishing, sullying,
crave, desire, wish (‫ هـ‬s.th.), ffeel appetite roiling, rendering turbid; impairment,
(‫ هـ‬for s.th.) │ ‫( شيء لَ يشتهى‬yuštahā) an blemish, flaw; hot wind 491
undesirable thing
‫ شائبة‬šā’iba pl. ‫ شوائب‬šawā’ib dirt,
‫ شهوة‬šahwa pl. šahawāt greed, craving, stains, spot, flaw, blemish, defect, fault;
desire, ardent wish, longing, yearning, suspicion, reason for suspicion, suspicious
eagerness, passion, carnal appetite, lust; fact
appetite
‫ مَشوب‬mašūb mixed; adulterated,
‫ شهوي‬šahwī sensual, sensuous, lustful, vitiated│ ‫ مَشوب بالهموم‬troubled with
instinctual, uninhibited worries
‫ شهوان‬šahwān, f. ‫ شهوى‬šahwā, pl. ‫شهاوى‬ 2
‫ شابة‬look up alphabetically
šahāwā covetous, greedy; lewd,
lecherous, lascivious, libidinous, ‫ شوبق‬šaubaq pl. ‫ شوابق‬šawābiq2 rolling pin
dissolute, debauched ‫ شوبك‬šaubak: pl. ‫ شوابك‬šawābik2 rolling pin
‫ شهواني‬šahwānī covetous, greedy; lewd, 1
‫ شوح‬II (eg.) to grill, broil, roast (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
lecherous, lascivious, libidinous, 2
dissolute, debauched; sensual, sensuous, ‫ شوح‬šūḥ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬fir, sapin
lustful, instinctual, uninhibited 3
‫ شوحة‬šūḥa kite (zool.)
‫ شهي‬šahīy pleasant, agreeable, 4
‫ مَشاحة‬see ‫شح‬
desirable; appetizing, inviting, tasty
‫ شور‬II to make a sign, beckon, signal, wink,
‫ شهية‬šahīya appetite │ ‫ فاتح الشهية‬or ‫مَا‬ blink (‫ الى‬to s.o.); to point out (‫ الى‬s.th.),
‫( يفتح الشهية‬yaftaḥu) stimulating the point (‫ الى‬at) III to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬advice,
appetite, appetizing; ‫ قلة الشهية للطعام‬qillat seek s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬advice, consult (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
aš-š. li-ṭ-ṭa‘ām want of appetite consult, take counsel (‫ ه‬with s.o.),
‫ تشه‬tašahhin greed, avidity, cupidity, ‫( شاور نفسه‬nafsahū) to take counsel with
craving, desire o.s., reflect, bethink o.s. IV to make a
‫ اشتهاء‬ištihā’ greed, craving, desire, dent sign, beckon, signal, wink, blink (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬
wish, longing, yearning. eagerness, to s.o.), motion (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.o., ‫ ب‬to do
passion, carnal appetite, lust; appetite s.th.); to ask, invite, urge (‫ الى‬s.o.); to
point, allude (‫ الى‬to), hint (‫ الى‬at), indicate,
‫ مَشه‬mušahhin stimulating the appetite, point out (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.), call s.o.’s (‫)ل‬
appetizing; ‫ مَشهيات‬appetizers, relishes, attention to (‫ ;)على‬to advice (‫ ب على‬s.o. of
hors d’oeuvres s.th., ‫ على ان‬s.o. to do s.th.), suggest (‫ب على‬
‫ مَشته‬muštahin covetous, greedy, avid, to s.o. s.th., ‫ على ان‬to s.o. to do s.th.),
craving, desirous, lustful command, order ‫ ان‬or ‫ على ب‬s.o. to do
s.th.); to state, indicate (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫مَا يشار‬
‫ مَشتهى‬muštahan desirable; desired, ‫( اليه بالبنان‬yušāru, banān) that which is
welcome, agreeable, pleasant; (pl. ‫مَشتهيات‬ pointed at with the finger tips, i.e., s.th.
muštahayāt) that which is coveted, object very remarkable, s.th. outstanding; ‫مَا اشار‬
of desire ‫( بطرف‬bi-ṭarfin) he did not bat an eye VI
‫ شاء‬šā’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ شاة‬šāh) pl. ‫ شواه‬šiwāh, ‫شياه‬ to take counsel, deliberate, consult (‫في مَع‬
šiyāh sheep; ewe with s.o. about) X to ask for advice (‫ه‬
s.o.), take counsel (‫ ه‬with s.o.), consult (‫ه‬ ‫ استشاري‬istišārī consultative, advisory
s.o.) ‫ مَشاور‬mušāwar adviser, counselor,
‫ شارة‬šāra pl. -āt sign, token, consultant
distinguishing mark, badge; guile, ‫ مَشير‬mušīr indicative (‫ الى‬of); adviser,
outward appearance │ ‫ شارة الصليب‬sign of counselor, consultant; field marshal (Eg.;
the cross 1933); Fleet Admiral (Eg. 1939)
‫ شورى‬šūrā consultation, deliberation, ‫ المشار اليه‬al-mušār ilaihi the
taking counsel; counsel; advice │ ‫مَجلس‬ aforementioned, the aforesaid, the said
‫ الشورى‬majlis š-šūrā and ‫مَجلس شورى الدولة‬
m. š. d-daula state council ‫ مَستشار‬mustašār adviser, counselor,
consultant, councilor; chancellor; approx.:
‫ شوري‬šūrī consultative, advisory justice (title; Eg.) │ ‫مَستشار السفارة‬
‫ مَشوار‬mišwār pl. ‫ مَشاوير‬mašāwīr2 counselor of embassy; ‫ مَستشار المفوضية‬m.
errand; O stroke, (of an internal- al-mufawwaḍīya counselor of legation
combustion engine; techn.) │ ‫مَحرك ثنائي‬ ‫ دار المستشارية‬dār al-mustašārīya office
‫ المشوار‬muḥarrik tunā’ī l-m. two-cycle of the chancellor, chancellery
engine; ‫( مَحرك رباعي المشوار‬rubā‘ī l-m.)
1
four-cycle engine ‫ شورب‬šaurab flycatcher (zool.)
2
‫ مَشورة‬mašwara, mašūra pl. -āt ‫ شوربة‬šōrba (eg.), šōraba (syr.) and ‫ شوربا‬soup
consultation, deliberation, conference; ‫( شورت‬Engl.) šort short, short feature (motion
counsel, advice, suggestion pictures)
‫ مَشاورة‬mušāwara pl. -āt consultation, ‫شورمَة‬
deliberation, conference
‫ اشوس‬ašwas2, f. ‫ شوساء‬šausā’2, pl. ‫ شوس‬šūs, ‫اشاو‬
‫ اشارة‬išāra pl. -āt sign, motion, nod, ‫ س‬ašāwis2 proud; bold, audacious, daring,
wink, wave; gesture; signal; indication; venturesome │ ‫ شوس الحرب‬š. al-ḥarb war
allusion, hint, intimation; symbolic heroes
expression; (silent) reminder; advice, 1
counsel, suggestion; instruction, order, ‫ شوش‬II to muddle, confuse, confound, jumble
command │ ‫( اشارة برقية‬barqīya) telegram, (‫ هـ‬s.th.), disturb (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.),
wire, dispatch, cable(gram); ‫اشارة تلغرافية‬ complicate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be confused,
telegram, wire; ‫ اشارة الخطر‬i. al-kaṭar air- confounded, muddled, jumbled, deranged,
raid warning, alert; ‫ اشارة الصليب‬sign of the disturbed; to feel indisposed, be ill
cross (Chr.); ‫ اشارة ضبط الوقت‬i. ḍabt al- ‫ شاش‬šāš muslin; white cloth
waqt (radio) time signal; ‫( اشارة لَ سلكية‬lā-
silkīya) radio message; ‫مَحطة الشارات‬ ‫ شاشة‬šāša white cloth; ‫ الشاشة‬aš-šāša
maḥaṭṭat al-i. signal post; ‫ اسم الشارة‬ism and ‫( الشاشة البيضاء‬baiḍā’) (motion picture)
al-i. demonstrative pronoun; ‫وحدات الشارة‬ screen
waḥdat al-i. signal corps units (mil.); ‫رهن‬ ‫ شاشية‬šāšiya, šāšīya pl. ‫ شواشي‬šawāšī a
‫( اشارته‬rahna) at s.o.’s beck and call, at kind of headgear, cap, skullcap
s.o.’s disposal
‫ شوش‬šūš Maria Theresa dollar (Nejd)
‫ اشاري‬išārī (mil.) signalman, member of
‫ شوشة‬šūša tuft of hair, lock; crest (of
the signal corps (Eg. 1939)
birds)
‫ اشارجي‬išargī (mil.) signalman, member
‫ شواش‬šawāš confusion, muddle, (state
of the signal corps (Eg.)
of) disorder, disturbance, derangement
‫ تشاور‬tašāwur joint consultation, (e.g., of the mind)
deliberation (‫ مَع‬with)
‫ شواشي‬šawāšī pl. ‫ شواشية‬šawāšīya a
‫ استشارة‬istišāra pl. -āt a seeking of maker of šāšiya’s (see above)
advice, consultation; guidance, advice
(one receives) 492
‫ تشويش‬tašwīš confusion, confounding, ‫ تشوق‬tašawwuq longing, yearning,
muddling; disturbance, derangement; desire, inclination, craving, eagerness
ailment ‫اشتياق‬ištiyāq longing, yearning, desire,
‫ مَشوش‬mušawwaš muddled, jumbled, inclination, craving, eagerness
befuddled, confused; disturbed, deranged ‫ شائق‬šā’iq arousing longing, stimulating
(e.g., of a sensorial function); ailing, ill │ desire; brilliant, gorgeous, splendid,
‫ مَشوش الفكر‬m. al-fikr bewildered, confused, beautiful
baffled
2 ‫ مَشوق‬mušawwiq arousing desire or
‫ شاوش‬pl. ‫ شواش‬look up alphabetically longing; thrilling, exciting, fascinating,
3
‫ شاويش‬look up alphabetically absorbing, stimulating, stirring, attractive,
interesting; -- mušawwaq filled with
‫ شوشبرك‬šušbarak (eg.) small pastry stuffed
longing (‫ الى‬for), desirous, covetous (‫الى‬
with meat and served with milk rice
of)
‫ شوط‬šauṭ pl. ‫ شوط‬ašwāṭ to a goal; state, phase;
‫ مَشتاق‬muštāq longing, yearning,
round, game, half, course (in sports and
craving, desirous, covetous
games); goal, aim │ ‫قطع شوطا كبيرا )بعيدا( في‬
(‫( التقدم )الرقي‬taqaddum, ruqiy) and ‫قطع في‬ (‫( شاك )شوك‬šauk) to sting, prick, hurt, injure,
‫( مَيدان الرقي اشواطا‬maidān r-ruqīy) to make pierce (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with a thorn, a needle, and
good progress or headway, advance in the like) II to be thorny; to stud (. s.th.)
great strides, ‫ قطع اشواطا شاسعة‬do.; ‫يفوقه‬ with thorns or spikes; to sting, prick, hurt,
‫( اشواطا‬yafūquhū) he surpasses him by far injure, pierce (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with a thorn, with a
needle) IV to sting, prick, hurt, injure
‫ شواظ‬šuwāẓ flame; fire, fervor, ardor, passion
2 ‫ شوك‬šauk (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫اشواك‬
‫ شوف‬II to polish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to adorn, deck out (
ašwāk thorns, spikes, pricks, prickles,
‫ ها‬a woman) V to look out expectantly,
spines; fishbone; forks │ ‫ على الشوك‬on
longingly (‫ الى‬for), look forward (‫ الى‬to),
tenterhooks, on pins and needles
expect, anticipate (‫ الى‬s.th.)
‫ شوكة‬šauka (n. un.) thorn, spike, prick,
‫ شوف‬šauf harrow
prickle, spine, sting, point; tine, prong;
‫ الشوف‬aš-šūf name of an administrative spur (of a rooster); fork; fishbone; furor of
district of Lebanon fighting, bravura, bravery, valor, verve,
‫ شوفة‬šaufa (colloq.) sight, spectacle, dash, élan; might, power
view ‫ شوكي‬šaukī thorny, spiky, prickly, spiny;
‫ شوفان‬šūfān oats spinal │ ‫( الطين الشوكي‬ṭīn) fruit of the
Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-indica Haw.;
(‫ شاق )شوق‬šāqa u (šauq) to please bot.); ‫( الحبل الشوكي‬ḥabl) spinal cord; ‫الحمى‬
delight (‫ ه‬s.o.), give joy (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to fill (‫ه‬ ‫( الشوكية المخية‬ḥummā, mukkīya)
s.o.) with longing, craving, desire, 493 cerebrospinal meningitis (med.); ‫العمود‬
arouse longing, craving, desire (‫ ه‬in s.o.) II ‫‘( الشوكي‬amūd) vertebral column,
to fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with longing, craving, desire, backbone; spine; ‫( النخاع الشوكي‬nukā‘)
arouse longing, craving, desire (‫ ه‬in s.o.) V spinal cord
and VIII to long, yearn (‫ الى‬or ‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬for),
crave, covet, desire ardently (‫ الى‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ شوك‬šawik thorny, spiky, prickly, spiny

‫ شوق‬šauq pl. ‫ اشواق‬ašwāq longing, ‫ شائك‬šā’ik thorny, spiky, prickly, spiny;


yearning, craving, desire, wish delicate, ticklish, critical, difficult │ ‫سلك‬
‫( شائك‬silk) pl. ‫ اسلك شائكة‬barbed wire
‫ شيق‬šayyiq longing, yearning, craving,
desirous, covetous; brilliant, gorgeous, ‫ شوكران‬šaukarān poison hemlock (Conium
splendid maculatum; bot.)
1
‫ تشويق‬tašwīq arousing of desire, of (‫ شال )شول‬šāla u (šaul) to rise, be raised,
longing; fascination, thrilling, awakening elevated; to raise, lift (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to
of excitement, of eagerness carry (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫شالت نعامَته‬
(na‘āmatuhū) he went away, departed; he ‫ تشوه‬tašawwuh ugliness,
died, be is dead II to become sparse, misshapenness, malformation, deformity,
scarce, short in supply III to attack, assail disfigurement, distortion, perversion
(‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to raise, lift (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to carry (‫هـ‬ ‫ شائه‬šā’ih misshapen, malformed, ugly,
s.th.) disfigured, deformed, disfeatured,
‫ شول‬šawil nimble, adroit, swift, quick, defaced; distorted, perverted
expeditious (at work) ‫ مَشوه‬mušawwah disfigured, defaced,
2
‫ شوال‬šawwāl pl. -āt ‫ شواويل‬šawāwīl , ‫الشو‬ deformed; mutilated, maimed; misshapen,
‫ ال‬Shawwal, name of the tenth month of malformed, ugly; distorted, perverted │ ‫مَش‬
the Muslim year ‫ وه الحرب‬m. al-ḥarb disabled (inactive
service); disabled veteran
‫ مَشال‬mašāl carrying, carriage,
2
conveyance, transportation (of loads); ‫ شاه‬look up alphabetically
porterage, carrying charges 3
‫( شاة‬n. un.) see ‫شوء‬
2
‫ شال‬pl. ‫ شيلان‬look up alphabetically ‫ شواه‬pl. of ‫ شاء‬see ‫شوء‬
3
‫شوال‬look up alphabetically ‫ شوى‬šawā i (‫ شي‬šayy) to broil, grill, rout (‫هـ‬
‫ شولقى‬šaulaqī person with a sweet tooth meat)
‫ شولم‬šaulam darnel (Lolium temulentum; bot.); ‫ شواء‬šiwā’ broiled, or grilled, meat, and
a variety of vetch 494 the like │ ‫ شواء السجق‬š. sujuq grilled
1 sausage
‫ شامَي‬,‫ شام‬pl. ‫ مَشوم‬,‫ شوام‬see ‫شأم‬
2 ‫ شوى‬šawīy broiled, grilled, rosted
‫ شومَة‬šuma stick, cudgel
‫ شواة‬šawāh pl. ‫ شوى‬šawan scalp
‫ شون‬II to garnmer, store (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. grain)
‫ شواية‬šawāya gridiron, grill
‫ شون‬šūna pl. -āt, ‫ شون‬šuwan (eg.)
storehouse, granary, shed, barn ‫ مَشواه‬mišwāh pl. ‫ مَشاو‬mašāwin gridiron,
grill
‫ شوندر‬šawandar white beet, chard
1
1 ‫شى‬see ‫شوى‬
‫شوه‬šawiha a (šawah) and ‫ شاه‬šāha u (‫شوه‬
2
šauh) to be or become ugly, misshapen, ‫ شيات‬,‫ شية‬see ‫وشي‬
deformed, defaced, disfigured, distorted, (‫ شاء )شيأ‬šā’a a (‫ مَشيئة‬mašī’a) to want; to wish (
malformed II to disfigure, deform, deface, ‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that) │ ‫( ان شاء ا‬in) God
distort, mar, mutilate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. willing; it is to be hoped; I (we) hope so;
the face); to revile, slander, defame (‫ه‬ ‫ مَا شاء ا‬whatever (howsoever, how long
s.o.); to jam (‫ اذاعة‬a broadcast) │ ‫شوه وجه‬ soever) God intend (used to express an
‫( الحقيقة‬wajah l-ḥ) to distort the truth; ‫شوه‬ indefinite quantity, amount, number, or
‫ وجه وظيفته‬to disgrace one’s profession V = period of time); various, sundry, all kinds
I of, God knows what; also, exclamation of
‫ شوه‬šawāh ugliness, misshapenness, surprise: amazing! that’s right! good!
malformation, deformity, disfigurement, bravo! ‫ الى مَا شاء ا‬forever and ever, for all
distortion, perversion time and time to come; ‫لفق مَا شاء له التلفيق‬
(laffaqa, talfīqu) to fabricate the moot
‫ اشوه‬ašwah2, f. ‫ شوهاء‬šauhā’2, pl. ‫ شوه‬šūh
outrageous lies
misshapen, malformed, ugly, disfigured,
deformed, disfeatured, defaced; distorted, ‫ شيء‬šai’ pl. ‫ اشياء‬ašyā’2 thing;
perverted something; (with neg.) nothing │ ‫شيء مَن‬
... some
‫ تشويه‬tašwīh deformation,
disfigurement, defacement, mutilation; a little, a certain (amount of), a
defamation; crippledness considerable ...; ‫( شيء مَن النشاط‬našāṭ) some
activity; ‫( شيء مَن القلق‬qalaq) some
uneasiness, some anxiety; ‫بدون شيء مَن الجهد‬
2
(jahd) without any effort at all; ‫هذا شيء‬ ‫ شابة‬look up alphabetically
‫( وذاك شيء آخر‬ākar) this and that are two ‫ شيت‬šīt pl. ‫ شيوتات‬šuyūtāt chintz. Printed calico
entirely different things (or matters); ‫في‬ (eg.)
‫ المَر شيء‬there is s.th. wrong, there is a fly
1
in the ointment; ‫ بعض الشيء‬ba‘ḍ š. to a ‫ شيح‬II (tun.) to dry, blot (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to turn
certain extent, a little, somewhat; ‫ في‬,‫بشيء‬ away, avert (‫ ب‬the eyes, one’s face, ‫عن‬
‫ شيء‬in negative sentences: not in any way; from)
in no 495 way, by no means, not at all, not ‫ شياح‬šayyāḥ blotting paper
in the least; ‫ على شيء كثير مَن‬very, 2
extremely, e.g., ‫على شيء كثير مَن البساطة‬ ‫ شيح‬šīḥ an oriental variety of wormwood
(basāṭa) very simple; ‫ الشيء الكثير‬the most; (bot.)
‫( اشبه شيء ب‬ašbahu šai’in) very much (‫ شاخ )شيخ‬šāka i (‫ شيخ‬šayak, ‫ شيوخة‬šuyūka, ‫شيخو‬
like ...; ‫ شيئا بعد شيء‬or ‫( شيئا فشيئا‬fa-šai’an) ‫ خة‬šaikūka) to age, grow old; to attain a
bit by bit, one after the other, by and by, venerable age
gradually; ‫ لَ شيء‬a nothing, nil, nonentity;
nothing (in sport scoring); ‫ اللشيء‬the ‫ شيخ‬šaik, pl. ‫ شيوخ‬šuyūk, ‫ اشياخ‬ašyāk, ‫مَشي‬
nothing; ‫ لَ شيء‬nothing (as object); ... َ‫ل‬ ‫ خة‬mašyaka, ‫ مَشايخ‬mašāyik2, ‫ مَشائخ‬mašā’ik2
‫( غير الشيء اليسير‬gair š-šai’ l-yasīr) only an elderly, venerable gentleman; old man;
very little; ‫ ليس بشيء‬it is nothing, it is of no elder; chief, chieftain, sheik, patriarch,
consequence; ‫ ليس هذا في شيء مَن ذلك‬this has head (of a tribe); title of the ruler of
absolutely nothing to do with that anyone of the sheikdoms along the Persian
Gulf; title of native scholars trained in the
‫ شيئي‬šai’ī objective, factual traditional sciences such as clerical
‫ لَشيئية‬lā-šai’īya nonexistence, dignitaries, members of a religious order,
nothingness, nihility, nullity profesors of spiritual institutions of higher
learning, etc.; master; master of an order
‫ شيئ‬šuyyai’ a little thing, trifle (Sufism); senator (parl.) │ ‫الشيخ ارز اسمر‬
‫ شوية‬šuwayya (colloq.) a little, a bit, (aruzz asmar), ‫( الشيخ ارز ابيض‬abyaḍ) (eg.)
somewhat popular names for certain rice dishes; ‫شيخ‬
‫ البحر‬š. al-baḥr sea calf (zool.); ‫ شيخ البلد‬š.
‫ مَشيئة‬mašī’a volition, will; wish, desire al-balad chief of a village, village mayor;
│‫ بمشيئة ا‬God willing ‫ شيخ السجادة‬š. as-sajjāda title of the leaders
2
(‫ شاب )شيب‬šāba i (šaib, ‫ شيبة‬šaiba, ‫مَشيب‬ of certain dervish orders in their capacity
mašīb) to become white-haired, gray- of inheritors of the founder’s prayer rug;
haired; to turn white or gray (hair); to ‫ شيخ السلم‬š. al-islām sheikh ul-Islam,
grow old, to age; to make white-haired; to formerly, esp. in medieval Egypt, title of
bleach (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) white- the Grand Mufti, the spiritual head of
haired, cause s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬hair to turn white Islam, later being bestowed more and
(grief) IV = II more exclusively upon the Mufti of
Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire;
‫ شيب‬šaib grayness of the hair, gray or
title of the chief mufti in Tunisia; ‫شيخ المدينة‬
white hair; old age
inspector of police (Magr.); ‫مَشيخة الجامَع‬
‫ شيبة‬šaiba a variety of Artemisia ‫ العظم‬professoriate, or faculty, of the
(Artemisia arborescens L.; bot.) Great Mosque in Tunis; ‫( الشيوخ‬pl. of
‫ اشيب‬ašyab2, f. ‫ شيباء‬šaibā’2, pl. ‫ شيب‬šīb majesty) title of a ruler 496 among the
white, gray (hair); white-haired, gray- inhabitants of Nejd; ‫ مَجلس الشيوخ‬majlis aš-
haired (person); old, aged; old man š. senate

‫ مَشيب‬mašīb grayness of the hair, gray ‫ شيخة‬šaika pl. -āt an old, or elderly,
or white hair; old age woman, a matron

‫ شائب‬šā’ib white, gray (hair); white- ‫ شياخة‬šiyāka position, or dignity, of a


haired, gray-haired (person); old, aged; sheik
old man ‫ شيخوخة‬šaikūka old age, senility
‫ شيخوخي‬šaikūkī senile, characteristic of (‫ شاع )شيع‬šā‘a i (‫ شيع‬šai‘, ‫ شيوع‬šuyū‘) to spread,
old age be divulged, become known, become
public (news); to spread (out), diffuse (‫في‬
‫ مَشيخة‬mašyaka pl. -āt, ‫ مَشايخ‬mašāyik2
over); to fill, pervade, dominate (‫ في‬s.o.,
office, or dignity, of a sheik; sheikdom (in
s.th.; of a feeling); ‫ شاع في‬to be generally
general, specif., anyone of the semi-
attributable, be generally applicable to
independent territories on the Persian
s.th.; ‫ شاع به‬to spread, divulge, publicize,
Gulf); an administrative subdivision
circulate s.th.; make s.th. known, bring
(Tun.); professoriate (e.g., of Al Azhar)
s.th. to public notice II to see (‫ ه‬s.o.) off,
(‫ شاد )شيد‬šāda i (‫ شيد‬šaid) to erect, set up, escort, accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bid farewell
construct, build (‫ هـ‬an edifice, and the like) (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to pay (‫ ه‬the deceased) the last
II = I; IV = I; ‫ به‬or ‫( اشاد بذكره‬bi-dikrihī) to honors; to send (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to adhere (
celebrate, praise, commend s.o. or s.th., ‫ هـ‬to a faction) │ ‫ شيعت الجنازة‬šuyyi‘at il-
speak in glowing terms of s.o. or s.th. janāzatu the deceased was escorted to his
‫ شيد‬šīd plaster (of a wall); plaster of final resting place, the funeral took place
Paris; mortar III to follow (‫ على ه‬s.o. in), adapt o.s. (‫على ه‬
to s.o. in); to conform, fall in (‫ على ه‬with
‫ تشييد‬tašyīd erection, setting up, s.o. in); to side (‫ ه‬,‫ على هـ‬with s.o., with
construction, building (of an edifice) s.th. in), take sides (‫ ه‬,‫ على هـ‬for s.o., for
‫ اشادة‬išāda praise, commendation, s.th. in) IV to spread, divulge, publish,
extolment (‫ ب‬of) publicize, make known, bring to public
notice, circulate (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to side ( ‫ل‬
‫ مَشيد‬mušayyad high, lofty, imposing (of ‫ في‬with s.o., with s.th. in), take sides (‫ل في‬
a structure) for s.o., for s.th. in), join (‫ ل‬s.o., s.th., a
‫ شيراز‬šīrāz2 Shiraz (city in SW Iran) faction), make common cause, hold (‫ل‬
with s.o.); to become a Shiite; to pretend
‫ شيرج‬šīraj sesame oil
to be a Shiite VI to come to an agreement
‫ شيرة‬šīra a refreshment (made of fruit juice) (‫ على‬in, about) 497
‫ شيزوفرانيا‬šīzofrāniyā schizophrenia ‫ شيعة‬šī‘a pl. ‫ شيع‬šiya‘ followers,
1
‫ شيش‬šīš foil, rapier; jalousie, Venetian blind │ adherents, disciples, faction, party, sect; ‫الش‬
‫ مَعلم الشيش‬mu‘allim aš-š. fencing ‫ يعة‬the faction of Ali, the Shiah, the Shiites
instructor; ‫ لعبة الشيش‬la‘bat aš-š. fencing, (that branch of the Muslims who
swordplay recognize Ali, the Prophet’s son-in-law, as
his rightful successor), pl. ‫ اشياع‬ašyā‘
2
‫شيشة‬šīša bottle of the narghile; narghile, adherents, followers, partisans
hookah
‫ شيعي‬šī‘ī Shiitic, (pl. -ūn) Shiite
(‫ شاط )شيط‬šāṭa i (‫ شيط‬šaiṭ) to burn (esp. food) II
to burn slightly, singe, scorch, sear (‫هـ‬ ‫ شياع‬šiyā‘ community (of property)
s.th.) IV = II; V = I; X ‫استشاط غضبا‬ (jur.)
(gaḍaban) to be or become fuming with ‫ شيوع‬šuyū‘ publicity, spread, circulation
rage, flare up, fly off the handle (of news) │ ‫ على الشيوع‬in common, jointly,
‫ شيطان‬II tašaiṭana to behave like a devil in joint possession

‫ شيطان‬šaiṭān pl. ‫ شياطين‬šayāṭīn2 Shaitan, ‫ شيوعي‬šuyū‘ī communistic, communist;


Satan, devil, fiend (pl. -ūn) a communist

‫ شيطاني‬šaiṭānī satanic, devilish, ‫ شيوعية‬šuyū‘īya communism


fiendish; demonic, demoniac, hellish, ‫ تشييع‬tašyī‘: ‫ تشييع الجنازة‬ṯ al-janāza
infernal funeral, burial
‫ شيطنة‬šaiṭana devilry, villainy, dirty ‫ مَشايعة‬mušāya‘a partisanship, partiality
trick
‫ اشاعة‬išā‘a spreading, publication, ‫ مَشال‬mašāl carrying, carriage,
circulation (of news); rumor; news, conveyance, transportation (of loads);
information porterage, carrying charges
2
O ‫ اشاعية‬išā‘īya collectivism (pol.) ‫ شال‬pl. ‫ شيلن‬look up alphabetically
‫ تشيع‬tašayyu‘ partisanship, partiality, ‫ شيلم‬šailām darnel (Lalium temulentum; bot.);
bias (‫ ل‬for) a variety of vetch
‫ شائع‬šā’i‘ widespread, (well-)known, ‫ شيلمان‬šīlmān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬steel
public; general, universal; common, joint girders (ir.)
│ ‫ الشائع ان‬it is rumored that ...; ‫شائع الذيوع‬ ‫ شيلي‬šīlī Chile
widely known, widespread, common; ‫شائع‬
‫ الَستعمال‬in general use, commonly used, (‫ شام )شيم‬šāma i to look out (‫ هـ‬for), be
generally accepted; ‫( مَلك شائع‬milk) joint on the lookout, watch; to expect (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
property hope (‫ هـ‬for)
‫ شائعة‬šā’i‘a pl. -āt, ‫ شوائع‬šawā’i‘ rumor ‫ شيمة‬šīma pl. ‫ شيم‬šiyam nature, temper,
disposition, character; habit, custom,
‫ مَشايع‬mušāyi‘ partial, adherent, partisan practice 498
‫ مَشاع‬mušā‘ widespread; (well-)known, ‫ شامَة‬šāma pl. -āt, ‫ شام‬šām mole, nevus,
public; general, universal; common, joint; birthmark
joint (or collective) ownership, joint
tenancy (Isl. Law); public property, public ‫ شيمية‬šīmīya pl. ‫ شيامَي‬šayāmī (eg.)
domain vortex, whirlpool, eddy
‫ مَتشيع‬mutašayyi‘ partial; partisan ‫ مَشيمة‬mašīma pl. ‫ مَشيم‬mašīm, ‫مَشايم‬
mašāyim2 placenta
‫ مَشتاع‬muštā‘ partner, co-partner, co-
1
owner (‫ شان )شين‬šāna i (‫ شين‬šain) to disfigure,
disfeature, mar, .dishonor, disgrace (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
‫ شاف‬II to cut up, chop or slice (‫ هـ‬fruit) s.o., s.th.) │ ‫( شان سمعته‬sum‘atahū) to
‫ اشياف‬ašyāf (pl.) cuts, slices detract from s.o.’s good reputation II = I
‫ شيون‬šīfūn chiffon (fabric) ‫ شين‬šain disfigurement, marring,
dishonoring, disgracing; disgrace, shame
‫ شيق‬see ‫شوق‬
1 ‫ شائن‬šā’in dishonorable, scandalous,
‫( شيك‬Fr.) šīk chic
disgraceful
‫ اشيك‬ašyak2 very chic
‫ مَشين‬mušayyin dishonorable,
2
‫( شيك‬Fr. cheque) šēk, šīk pl. -āt check │ ‫شيك‬ scandalous, disgraceful
‫ السياحة‬traveler's check 1
‫ شين‬šīn name of the letter ‫ش‬
‫( شيكوريا‬It. cicoria) šīkōriyā chicory
‫ شاي‬look up alphabetically
‫ شيكولَته‬šīkōlāta (syr.) chocolate
‫ شياخ‬pl. of ‫شاء‬, see ‫شوء‬
1
(‫ شال )شيل‬šāla , to carry, convey,
transport (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to raise, elevate, lift (‫هـ‬
s.th.) ‫ص‬
‫ شيلة‬šaila pl. -āt load, burden
‫ شيالة‬šiyāla carrying, carriage,
conveyance, transportation (of loads); ‫ ص‬abbreviation of ‫ صفحة‬ṣafḥa page (of a
porterage, carrying charges book)

‫ شيال‬šayyāl pl. -ūn, ‫ شيالة‬šayyāla porter, ‫ ص ب‬abbreviation of ‫ صندوق البريد‬ṣundūq al-


carrier barīd post-office box, p. o. b.

‫ شيالة‬šayyāla suspender ‫ صؤاب‬ṣu’āb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ صئبان‬ši’bān,


‫ صيبان‬ṣībān nit
‫ صابورة‬see 2‫صبر‬ ‫ صبيب‬ṣabīb poured out, shed, spilled;
blood; sweat, perspiration
‫ صابون‬see ‫صبن‬
‫ صبابة‬ṣabāba ardent love, fervent
‫ صاج‬ṣāj thin sheet iron; bread tin, baking tin │
longing
‫( صاج مَضلع‬muḍalla‘) corrugated iron
‫ صبابة‬ṣubāba rest, remainder, remnant
‫ يا صاح‬yā ṣāḥi = ‫ يا صاحبي‬yā ṣāḥibī
‫ مَصب‬maṣabb pl. -āt, ‫ مَصاب‬maṣābb2
‫ صاد‬name of the letter ‫ص‬
outlet, escape, drain; mouth (of a river,
‫ صاغ‬in order, right, proper, sound, regular, and the like); drainpipe; funnel
standard; a rank in army and police
‫ مَصبوب‬maṣbūb lead (metal); pl. ‫مَصبوبا‬
(intermediate between captain and major);
‫ ت‬cast-metal goods, foundry products
a naval rank intermediate between
1
lieutenant and lieutenant commander (Eg.) ‫ صبأ‬ṣaba’a a (‫ صبوء‬ṣubū’) to grow (tooth,
│ ‫‘( عملة صاغ‬umla) standard currency; nail), sprout (plant); -- ṣaba’a a to turn (
‫( غرش صاغ‬girš) standard piaster ‫ الى‬to, toward)
2
‫( صاغقول اغاسي‬Turk. sağkol ağasι) military ‫ صابئ‬ṣābi’ Sabian; Mandaean, see the
rank intermediate between captain and following
major (Eg.) ‫ الصابئة‬aṣ-ṣābi’a the Sabians,
‫( صالة‬It. sala) ṣāla pl. -āt hall, large room designation of two different sects, 1) the
Mandaeans, a Judeo-Christian Gnostic,
‫ صالون‬ṣālūn salon, parlor, reception room │
baptist sect in Mesopotomia (Christians of
‫‘ عربة صالون‬arabat ṣ. parlor car, club car
St. John), used in this sense in the Koran.
‫ صامَولة‬see ‫ صمولة‬ṣamūla 2) The Sabians of Harran, a pagan sect
‫ صأى‬ṣa’ā a i (‫ صئى‬ṣa’īy) to twitter, chirp (of a extant as late as the 11th century A. D.
bird) ‫ صبح‬ṣabaḥa a (ṣabḥ) to offer a morning
‫ صب‬ṣabba u (ṣabb) to pour, pour forth, cast, draught (‫ ه‬to s.o.); -- ṣabuḥa u (‫صباحة‬
empty, fill (‫ في هـ‬s.th. into); to impose, ‫عليه‬ ṣabāḥa) to be beautiful, graceful,
‫( بلء‬balā’an) a trial upon s.o. │ ‫صب الغارة‬ handsome, comely, pretty; to beam, be
to commit an assault; -- i (ṣabb) to be radiant (face) II to offer a morning draught
poured out, pour forth, shed, flow (‫في‬ (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to come in the morning (‫ ه‬to
into); to befall (‫ على‬s.o.), come upon s.o. ( s.o.); to which a good morning (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬to
‫ ;)على‬-- (1st pers. perf. ṣabibtu) a (‫صبابة‬ s.o.) III ‫ يصابحه ويماسيه‬he attends to it
ṣabāba) to love ardently (‫ الى‬s.o.) V to mornings and evenings, he is constantly,
pour forth, shed, flow; to drip, outflow (‫هـ‬ incessantly occupied with it IV to enter
with), be bathed (‫ هـ‬in); to dissolve, melt, upon morning; to wake up, be awake, be
deliquesce │ ‫‘( تصبب عرقا‬araqan) to be in one’s senses; to be or become clear; to
wet with perspiration, break into a sweat become, be, or happen in the morning; to
VII to be poured out, pour forth, flow, get (‫ في‬into a situation), reach a state,
shed, effuse, gush out; to be intent, be bent come to a point where ...; to become,
(‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬on), be out for (‫ على‬or ‫ ;)الى‬to grow, turn; to be │ ‫( اصبح الصباح‬ṣabāḥu) it
apply o.s. (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬to s.th.), study, became morning; ‫ اصبح على خير‬to have a
endeavor (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬to be or do s.th.); to good morning, begin the day happily; ‫تصب‬
be aimed, directed, oriented (‫ على‬at), bear ‫( ح على خير‬tuṣbiḥ) porting word at night:
upon (‫ )على‬499 may you he well tomorrow morning! ‫يفعله‬
‫( اذا اصبح ويفعله اذا امَسى‬amsā) he does it
‫ صب‬ṣabb pouring; casting, founding mornings and evenings, he does it all the
(of metal); cut; flow gush; outpour, time, incessantly; ‫( اصبح الحق‬ḥaqqu) truth
effusion; ardently in love, enamored has come to light; ‫ لم يصبح يفعل‬he no longer
‫ صبيب‬ṣabīb pl. ‫ اصباب‬aṣbāb declivity; did (so); ‫ لم يصبح له وجود‬it no longer existed
slope, incline, hillside VIII to have a morning draught; to light (
‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a lamp); to use for lighting (‫ب‬
s.th.) X to begin the day
‫ صبح‬ṣubḥ pl. ‫ اصباح‬aṣbāḥ dawn; bearing, have or take patience, persevere
daybreak; morning; (ellipt. for ‫صلة الصبح‬ VIII = V
ṣalāt aṣ-ṣ.) morning prayer (at dawn) ‫ صبر‬ṣabr fettering, shackling; patience,
‫ صبحة‬ṣubḥa early morning; breakfast, forbearance; composure, equanimity,
morning meal steadfastness, firmness; self-control, self-
command, self-possession; perseverance,
‫ صباح‬ṣabāḥ morning; ‫ صباحا‬ṣabāḥan in
endurance, hardiness │ ‫ قتله صبرا‬qatalahū
the morning │ ‫ صباح مَساء‬ṣabāḥa masā’a
ṣabran to kill s.o. in captivity; ‫لَ صبر لي‬
in the morning and in the evening,
(ṣabra) I cannot bear it! this is
mornings and evenings; ‫ صباح اليوم‬ṣabāḥ
unbearable! ‫ قلة الصبر‬qillat aṣ-ṣ.
al-yaum this morning; ‫ صباح‬,‫صباحك بالخير‬
impatience; ‫ قليل الصبر‬impatient; ‫قل صبره‬
‫( الخير‬bi-l-kair) good morning! ‫عم صباحا‬
qalla ṣabruhū to be impatient; to lose
(‘im) do.
patience; ‫ لم يبق في قوس صبري مَنزع‬lam
‫ صباحي‬ṣabāḥī morning (adj.) yabqa fī qausi ṣabrī minza‘ (there is no
‫ صباح‬ṣubāḥ and ‫ صبحان‬ṣabḥān2, f. ‫صبحى‬ arrow left for the bow of my patience, i.e.)
ṣabḥā pretty, comely, handsome, my patience is at an end
beautiful, graceful ‫ صبر‬ṣabir, ṣabr aloe (bot.)
‫ صبيح‬ṣabīḥ pl. ‫ صباح‬ṣibāḥ pretty, ‫ صبرة‬ṣabra severe cold
comely, handsome, beautiful, graceful
‫ صبرة‬ṣabra heap, pile; ṣubratan
‫ صباحة‬ṣubāḥa beauty, gracefulness, summarily, on the whole, in the lump
grace
‫ صبار‬ṣabbār (very) patient, enduring,
‫ صبيحة‬ṣabīḥa morning perseverant, steadfast
‫ صبوح‬ṣabūḥ morning draught; beautiful ‫ صبار‬ṣubār Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-
as the early day, radiant, bright indica; bot.)
‫ مَصباح‬miṣbāḥ pl. ‫ مَصابيح‬maṣābīḥ2 lamp; ‫ صبر‬ṣubbair Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-
light, luminary (also fig.); head-light (of indica; bot.)
an automobile) │ 500 ‫مَصباح الضاءة‬
‫ صبور‬ṣabūr pl. ‫ صبر‬ṣubur (very)
incandescent light, light bulb; ‫مَصباح كشاف‬
patient, enduring, perseverant, steadfast
(kaššāf) searchlight; ‫مَصباح كهربائي‬
(kahrabā’ī) electric light, light bulb; ‫مَصباح‬ ‫ صبارة‬ṣabāra and ṣabārra severe cold
‫( كهربائي يدوي‬yadawī) electric flashlight ‫ تصبيرة‬taṣbira (eg.) light meal in the
‫ اصباح‬iṣbāḥ morning forenoon, a snack
‫ استصباح‬istiṣbāḥ illumination, lighting │ ‫ مَصابرة‬muṣābara long-suffering,
‫ غاز الَستصباح‬illuminating gas longanimity, endurance, perseverance,
patience, forbearance
‫ مَصبح‬muṣbaḥ morning
‫ اصطبار‬iṣtibār patience, forbearance,
‫ صبر‬ṣabara i (ṣabr) to bind, tie, fetter, shackle
endurance, perseverance
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to be patient, be forbearing, have
patience, take patience, persevere; to bear ‫ صابر‬ṣābir patient, long-suffering,
calmly, patiently, stoutly, endure (‫على‬ enduring, perseverant, steadfast
s.th.); to refrain, abstain, desist (‫ عن‬from), ‫ مَصبرات‬muṣabbarāt conserves, canned
renounce (‫ عن‬s.th.); to hold one’s own (‫ل‬ goods
against s.o.), withstand (‫ ل‬s.o.) II to ask (‫ه‬
2
s.o.) to be patient; to admonish (‫ ه‬s.o.) to ‫ صبر‬ṣabbara to ballast (‫ ه‬a ship)
be patient; to console, comfort, solace (‫هـ‬ ‫ صابورة‬ṣābūra ballast of a ship
the heart); to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) durable; to
conserve (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to preserve, can (‫هـ‬ ‫ صبع‬ṣaba‘a a (ṣab‘) to point with the finger (
s.th.) │ ‫( صبر بطنه‬baṯnahū; eg.) to have a ‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬at); to insert one’s finger (‫ ها‬into
snack III to vie in patience (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to the hen, so as to ascertain whether she is
bear stoutly V to be patient, be for- going to lay an egg)
‫ اصبع‬iṣba‘ pl. ‫ اصابع‬aṣābi‘2 finger; toe ‫ صبن‬II to soap, rub with soap (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
(also ‫ اصبع القدم‬i. al.qadam); a linear ‫ صابون‬ṣabūn soap │ ‫ حجر الصابون‬ḥajar
measure (Eg.; = 3.125 cm) │ ‫اصابع مَن‬ aṣ-ṣ. soapstone, steatite
‫ البطاطس‬French fried potatoes; ‫اصبع الحمر‬
lipstick; ‫ اصابع السجق‬s. as-sujuq ‫ صابونة‬ṣābūna (n. un.) a cake of soap
frankfurters; ‫ بصمة الصابع‬baṣmat al-a. ‫ صابوني‬ṣābūnī soapy, soap-like,
fingerprint; ‫ طابع الصابع‬do.; ‫له اصبع في هذا‬ saponaceous, made of soap
‫ المَر‬he has a hand in this matter
‫ صبان‬ṣabbān soap boiler
‫ صباع‬ṣubā‘ (eg.) finger; toe (also ‫صباع‬
‫ القدم‬ṣ. al-qadam) ‫ مَصبنة‬maṣbana soap works
‫ اصبوع‬uṣbū‘ pl. ‫ اصابيع‬aṣābī‘ finger; toe (‫ صبا )صبو‬ṣabā u (ṣabw, ṣubūw, ‫صبا‬
ṣiban, ‫ صباء‬ṣabā’) to be a child, be
‫ مَصبع‬muṣabba‘ gridiron, grill 501 childish; -- (ṣubūw, ‫ صبوة‬ṣabwa) to bend,
‫ صبغ‬ṣabaga u i a (ṣabg, ṣibag) to dye, incline (‫ الى‬to), feel sensual desire (‫ الى‬for);
stain (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a fabric), color, tint, to strive (‫ الى‬for), aspire (‫ الى‬to); -- ṣabiya
tinge, paint, daub (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to give s.th. ( a (‫ صباء‬ṣabā’, ‫ صبا‬ṣiban) to behave like a
‫ )هـ‬the air, touch, or appearance (‫ ب‬of child, act in a childish manner II to
s.th.); to dip, immerse (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ في‬in rejuvenate, render youthful again V to
water); to baptize (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫صبغه صبغة‬ behave like a child, act in a childish
(ṣibgatan ukrā) to transform, change s.o. manner; to incline to youthful pleasures;
VIII to be dyed, be or become colored or to rejuvenesce, undergo rejuvenation,
tinted; to be baptized, receive baptism regain youth, become young again; to
woo, court (‫ ها‬a woman); to tempt, entice,
‫ صبغ‬ṣibg pl. ‫ اصباغ‬aṣbāg color, dye, captivate, charm (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬the heart) VI to
dyestuff; pigment; (coat of) paint, varnish; behave like a child X = VI
make-up, grease paint, face paint
‫ صبا‬ṣaban pl. ‫ صبوات‬ṣabawāt, ‫اصباء‬
‫ صبغة‬ṣibga color, dye, dyestuff; aṣbā’ east wind
pigment; tincture (med.); coloring, tinge,
tint, shade, hue, nuance, touch, air; nature, ‫ صبى‬,‫ صبا‬ṣiban childhood, boyhood,
character; (coat of) paint, varnish; youth; youthfulness; inclination,
baptism; religion │ ‫ صبغة الفيون‬ṣ. al-afyūn propensity, bent, longing, desire
tincture of opium, laudanum; ‫ صبغة اليود‬ṣ. ‫ صباء‬ṣabā’ childhood, boyhood, youth;
al-yūd tincture of iodine; ‫صبغة مَحلية‬ youthfulness
(maḥallīya) local touch, local color; ‫اخرجه‬
‫( مَن صبغته‬akrajahū) to change, disfigure ‫ صبوة‬ṣabwa youthful passion; amorous
s.o. or s.th. disposition; sensual desire; childish
manners
O ‫ صبغيات‬ṣibgīyāt chromosomes
‫ صبو‬ṣubūw youthful passion; amorous
‫ صباغ‬ṣibāg pl. ‫ اصبغة‬aṣbiga color, dye, disposition; sensual desire; childish
dyestuff; spice, condiment, seasoning, manners
sauce
‫ صبوة‬ṣubūwa childhood, boyhood,
‫ صباغ‬ṣabbāg dyer youth; youthfulness
‫ صباغة‬ṣibāga dyer’s trade, art of dyeing ‫ صبي‬ṣabīy pl. ‫ صبية‬ṣibya, ṣabya, ‫صبيان‬
or staining ṣibyān, ṣubyān, ‫ اصبية‬aṣbiya boy, youth,
‫ مَصبغة‬maṣbaga dyehouse, dye works lad
‫ صابغ‬ṣābig dyer; baptist │ ‫يوحنا الصابغ‬ ‫ صبية‬ṣabīya pl. ‫ صبايا‬ṣabāyā girl; young
(yūḥannā) John the Baptist girl 502
‫ مَصبوغ‬maṣbūg dyed, stained, colored, ‫ صبياني‬ṣibyānī boyish, childlike;
tinted; having a touch or air (‫ ب‬of); childish, puerile; children’s
influenced (‫ ب‬by); imbued (‫ ب‬with)
‫ صاب‬ṣābin youthful, juvenile valid, legally valid, legal, lawful, rightful;
thoughtless, rash strong (gram.; of a consonant, a verb) │
‫( جمع صحيح‬jam‘) sound plural (ending in
‫ صبي‬see ‫صبو‬
‫ ون‬-ūn or ‫ ات‬-āt; gram); ‫‘( عدد صحيح‬adad)
‫ صح‬ṣaḥḥa i (‫ صحة‬ṣiḥḥa, ‫ صحاح‬ṣaḥāḥ) to be whole number, integer (math.); ‫ انه‬... ‫صحيح‬
healthy; to be all right, be in order; to (annahū) he was (he is) …, he was (he is),
recover, recuperate (‫ مَن‬from); to heal (of it is true, …
a wound); to be sound, strong, vigorous,
‫ اصح‬aṣaḥḥ2 sounder, healthier; more
firm, right, correct, faultless, unimpaired,
correct, more proper │ ‫ او على الصح‬or
unblemished; to be firm, unshakable
more properly speaking
(resolution); to be admissible, permissible;
to be true, authentic, certain, sure; to ‫ اصحاح‬aṣḥāḥ, iṣḥāḥ chapter of the Holy
prove true, turn out to be true; to hold Scriptures (Chr.)
good. go (‫ على‬for), apply (‫ على‬to), b. true ( ‫ مَصح‬maṣaḥḥ pl. -āt sanatorium; health
‫ على‬of); to result or follow definitely (‫عن‬ retreat, sanitarium
from); to be a fact, turn out (‫ ل‬for); to
become a fact; to be successful, work out ‫ مَصحة‬maṣaḥḥa that which promotes or
well (‫ ل‬for s.o.); to fall to s.o. or to s.o.’s is conducive to health; sanatorium
share (‫ صحت عزيمته على │ )ل‬or ‫صح عزمَه‬ ‫ تصحيح‬taṣḥīḥ correction, rectification;
(‘azmuhū) he was firmly resolved to ..., emendation, critical revision
his mind was made up to ...; ‫يصح الَعتماد‬
‫ عليه‬it may serve as a basis; ‫ يصح ان يقال فيه‬it ‫ مَصحح‬muṣaḥḥiḥ O vernier (of a range
is rightly said of him ...; ‫ صح في الذهان‬to finder) │ ‫( المصحح اسفله‬asfalahū) the
appear right, adequate, reasonable II to undersigned
restore, to health, cure, heal (‫ ه‬s.o.); to ‫ صحب‬ṣaḥiba a (‫ صحبة‬ṣuḥba, ‫صحابة‬
correct, emend, rectify (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ṣaḥāba, ṣiḥāba) to be or become a
prepare, a critical edition (‫ هـ‬of a text); to companion, an associate, a comrade, a
legalize, authenticate (‫ هـ‬a document), friend (‫ ه‬of s.o.), make or become friends,
certify, confirm, attest (‫ هـ‬the authenticity be friends (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to associate, have
of a document), sign (‫ هـ‬a document); to social intercourse (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
impose one’s signature, undersign (magr.) accompany, escort (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be closely
V to undergo correction, emendation, associated (‫ ه‬with s.o.) III = I; to keep (‫ه‬
rectification, be corrected, emended, s.o.) company IV to send along, delegate
rectified X to regain health; to recover, as companion or escort (‫ ه ه‬or ‫ هـ‬for s.o.
recuperate (‫ مَن‬from) s.o. else or s.th.) VI to 503 have social
‫ صحة‬ṣiḥḥa health; hygiene; intercourse, associate (‫ مَع‬with); to become
faultlessness, rightness, soundness, friends, be friends (‫ مَع‬with) VIII to
correctness; truth, genuineness, verity, accompany, escort (‫ ه‬s.o.); to take (‫ ه‬s.o.)
veracity, credibility, authenticity; validity; as companion or escort, have o.s. escorted
legal validity, legality │ ‫وزارة الصحة العمومَية‬ or accompanied (‫ ه‬by s.o.): to take along (‫ه‬
(‘umūmīya) Ministry of Public Health s.th., ‫ ه‬a companion) X to take a
(Eg.) companion or escort, take along
‫ صحي‬wholesome, salubrious, healthy, ‫ صحبة‬ṣuḥba friendship, companionship,
healthful (diet, and the like); sanitary; comradeship; accompanying, company,
hygienic │ ‫( المحجر الصحي‬maḥjar) escort; association, intercourse; friends,
quarantine companions, associates, comrades; (eg.)
nosegay, bunch of flowers: ṣuḥbata
‫ صحيح‬pl. ‫ صحاح‬ṣiḥāḥ, ṣiḥāḥ, ‫اصحاء‬ accompanied by; with │ ‫صحبة هذا‬
aṣiḥḥā’2 healthy, well, sound, healthful; (ṣuḥbata) herein enclosed
complete, integral, perfect; whole, entire,
undivided; right, correct, proper; true, ‫ الصحابة‬aṣ-ṣaḥāba the Companions of
veritable, actual, real; authentic, genuine, the Prophet Mohammed
truthful, reliable, credible, believable;
‫ صحابي‬ṣaḥābī a Companion of the ‫ صويحب‬ṣuwaiḥib friend (diminutive of
Prophet Mohammed ‫)صاحب‬
‫ مَصاحبة‬muṣāḥaba accompanying, ‫ صويحبة‬ṣuwaiḥiba pl. -āt girl friend
company, escort (diminutive of ‫)صاحبة‬
‫ اصطحاب‬iṣṭiḥāb accompanying, ‫ مَصحوب‬maṣḥūb accompanied (‫ ب‬by);
company, escort; association attended (‫ ب‬with); associated (‫ ب‬with);
provided (‫ ب‬with)
‫ صاحب‬ṣāḥib pl. ‫ اصحاب‬aṣḥāb, ‫صحب‬
ṣuḥub, ‫ صحابة‬ṣaḥāba, ‫ صحبان‬ṣuḥbān, ‫صحبة‬ ‫ اصحر‬aṣḥar2 f. ‫ صحراء‬ṣaḥrā’2 desertlike; of the
associate, companion, comrade, friend; color of desert sand; desolate, bleak
adherent, follower; the other (of two); ‫ صحراء‬ṣaḥrā’2 pl. ‫ صحار‬ṣaḥārin, ‫صحاري‬
(with foll. genit.) man, owner, possessor, ṣaḥārā, ‫ صحروات‬ṣaḥrawāt desert, steppe
holder, master, lord, commander, 504
representative, author or originator of …;
entrusted with; addicted or given to; ‫يا صاح‬ ‫ صحراوي‬ṣaḥrāwī desert, desolate, waste
yā ṣāḥi = ‫ يا صاحبي‬yā ṣāḥibī│ ‫ صاحب المَر‬ṣ. │ ‫( اراض صحراوية‬arāḍin) desert areas
al-amr ruler, master, overlord, sovereign; ‫ صحارة‬ṣaḥāra pl. ‫ صحاحير‬ṣaḥāḥīr2 case,
‫ صاحب البواخر‬shipowner; ‫ صاحب الجللة‬ṣ. al- chest, crate, box
jalāla His Majesty; ‫ صاحب حال‬the noun to
which a circumstantial phrase (ḥāl) refers; ‫ صحف‬II to misplace the diacritical marks; to
‫ صاحب الدولة‬ṣ. ad-daula (formerly) title of misread, mispronounce, misspell (‫ هـ‬a
the Prime Minister (Eg.); ‫ صاحب السجادة‬ṣ. word); to misrepresent, distort, twist (‫ هـ‬a
as-sajjāda title of the leaders of certain report, etc.) V to be misread or misspelled
dervish orders in their capacity of owners (word)
of the founder’s prayer rug; ‫ صاحب السعادة‬ṣ. ‫ صحفة‬ṣaḥfa pl. ‫ صحاف‬ṣiḥāf bowl, dish,
as-sa‘āda title of a pasha; ‫ صاحب السماحة‬ṣ. platter
as-samāḥa title of a mufti, approx. “His
Eminence”; ‫ صاحب السمو الملكي‬ṣ. as-sumūw ‫ صحيفة‬ṣuḥaifa saucer
al-malakī His Royal Highness; ‫اصحاب الشأن‬ ‫ صحيفة‬ṣaḥīfa pl. ‫ صحف‬ṣuḥuf, ‫صحائف‬
a. aš-ša’n those concerned; the important, ṣaḥā’if2 leaf (in a book or notebook),
influential people; ‫ اصحاب الشبهات‬a. aš- page; newspaper, paper, daily, journal;
šubuhāt dubious persons, people of ill epidermis; surface; exterior │ ‫الصحيفة‬
repute; ‫( صاحب الطبع‬formerly) Keeper of ‫( البيضاء‬baiḍā’) honorable name, honor
the Seal (of the Bey of Tunisia); ‫صاحب‬
‫ صحفي‬ṣuḥufī newspaper-, news-, press-
‫ العزة‬ṣ. al-‘izza title of a bey; ‫صاحب العظمة‬
(in compounds), journalistic; (pl. -ūn)
ṣ. al-‘aẓama His Majesty; ‫ صاحب المعالي‬ṣ.
newspaperman, journalist │ ‫مَؤتمر صحفي‬
al-ma‘ālī title of a cabinet minister; ‫صاحب‬
(mu’tamar) press conference
‫ العمل‬ṣ. al-‘amal employer; ‫ صاحب الغبطة‬ṣ.
al-gibṭa title of the Coptic Patriarch; ‫ صحافة‬ṣiḥāfa journalism, news business;
‫ صاحب الفضيلة‬title of Islamic theologians the press
and sheiks, such as Rector and Professors ‫ صحافي‬ṣaḥāfī journalistic; journalist,
of Al Azhar University; ‫ صاحب‬ṣ. al-fikra newspaperman, newsman
father to the thought, the originator of an
idea; ‫( صاحب المقام الرفيع‬ṣ. al-maqam) ‫ صحافية‬ṣiḥāfīya woman journalist
formerly, title bestowed on bearers of the ‫ مَصحف‬maṣḥaf, muṣḥaf pl. ‫مَصاحف‬
order ‫ القلدة‬established by Fuad I in 1936 maṣāḥif2 volume; book; copy of the Koran
‫ صاحبة‬ṣāḥiba pl. -āt, ‫ صواحب‬ṣawāḥib2, (‫)مَصحف شريف‬
‫ صواحبات‬ṣawāḥibāt fem. of ‫ صاحب‬woman ‫ تصحيف‬taṣhīf misplacement of the
companion. etc. │ ‫ صاحبة الجللة‬ṣ. al-jalāla diacritical marks; misspelling, slip of the
Her Majesty; ‫ صاحبة السمو الملكي‬ṣ. as- pen; (grammatical) mistake;
sumūw al-malakī Her Royal Highness; misrepresentation, distortion
‫ صاحبة العصمة‬ṣ. al-‘iṣma title of a lady of
high social standing ‫ صحل‬ṣaḥal raucous voice
1
‫ صحن‬ṣaḥn pl. ‫ صحون‬ṣuḥūn bowl, dish; plate; roaring, 505 raging │‫( قوة صاخبة‬qūwa)
dish, meal, food; yard, courtyard; surface, power of the voice
plane; disk; (pl. ‫ اصحنة‬aṣḥina) phonograph ‫ مَصطخب‬muṣṭakab noise, din, hubbub,
record, disc (tun.) │ ‫ صحن الدار‬courtyard, tumult, raging, roar(ing)
patio; ‫ صحن السجار‬ashtray; ‫( على صحن الخد‬ṣ.
il-kadd) on the (surface of the) cheek ‫ صخر‬ṣakr (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ صخور‬ṣukūr, ‫صخو‬
‫ رة‬ṣukūra, ‫ صخرات‬ṣakarāt rocks, solid
‫ مَصحون‬maṣḥūn ground, brayed, rock, boulders, rock formations; pl. ‫صخور‬
pounded, crushed, grated rock (geol.)
2
‫ صحناة‬ṣaḥnāh sardine ‫ صخرة‬ṣakra boulder, rock │ ‫قبة الصخرة‬
(‫ صحو‬and ‫ صحا )صحي‬ṣaḥā u (ṣaḥw) and ‫صحي‬ qubbat aṣ-ṣ. the Dome of the Rock, the
ṣaḥiya a (‫ صحا‬ṣaḥan) to be or become Mosque of Omar (in Jerusalem)
clear, bright, cloudless, serene (day, sky); ‫ صخري‬ṣakrī rocky, stony
-- (‫ صحو‬ṣaḥw, ṣuḥuw) to regain
consciousness, come to; to recover (‫مَن‬ ‫ صخر‬ṣakir rocky, stony
from intoxication), sober up; to wake up, ‫ صد‬ṣadda u (ṣadd) to turn away, alienate,
awake (‫ مَن‬from sleep); to become alert ( discourage, divert, deter, restrain, reject,
‫ الى‬to s.th.), become aware (‫ الى‬of s.th.) II send away (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to dissuade (
to wake up, awaken, rouse (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to be ‫ عن ه‬s.o. from his desire); to repel, parry,
or become clear, bright, cloudless, serene ward off (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., an attack); to
(day, sky); to wake up, awaken, rouse (‫ه‬ hinder, prevent (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to impede,
s.o.) hamper, stop, bring to a standstill (‫ ه‬s.o.);
‫ صحو‬ṣaḥw cloudlessness, brightness to resist, oppose (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫لَ يصد النظر‬
serenity (of the weather); clarity, alertness (naẓara) it does not offend the eye, it is
of the mind, consciousness; bright, serene, nice to look at; -- i u (ṣadd, ‫ صدود‬ṣudūd) to
cloudless, sunny (weather) turn away (‫ عن‬from), turn one’s back (‫عن‬
on s.o., on s.th.); to stay away, remain
‫ صحوة‬ṣaḥwa awakening, recovery of aloof (‫ عن‬from s.th.) II to suppurate,
consciousness; state of consciousness maturate, fester IV do. V to face, confront
‫ صاح‬ṣāḥin bright, serene, cloudless, (‫ ل‬s.o.)
clear (weather); -- (pl. -ūn, ‫ صحاة‬ṣuḥāh) ‫ صد‬ṣadd averting, turning away;
awake, wakeful, watchful, alert, vigilant; checking, stopping; repulsion, rejection;
conscious; sober hindering, impeding, obstruction,
‫ صخب‬ṣakiba a (ṣakab) to shout, cry, yell, prevention; resistance, aversion,
clamor, roar, bellow; to scold (‫ على‬s.o., reluctance
s.th.); to rage, roar, be loud VIII to raise a ‫ صدد‬ṣadad nearness, proximity;
din, roar simultaneously, be tumultuous, intention, purpose, design, aim; respect,
resound in utter confusion, rage regard, relation, concern, subject, matter;
‫ صخب‬ṣakab shouting, roar(ing), topic (of a discussion); ṣadada (prep.)
bellowing, yelling, clamor, din, hubbub; opposite, in front of │ ‫ على صدد‬and ‫بصدد‬
cry, outcry, yell; raging opposite, in front of; ‫ في صدد‬concerning,
regarding, re, with respect to; ‫في هذا الصدد‬
‫ صخب‬ṣakib crying, yelling, noisy,
in this respect, with regard to this, with
clamoring, vociferous, roaring, raging
relation to this, on this occasion, in this
‫ صخاب‬ṣakkāb clamorous, boisterous, connection; ‫ هو بصدد امَر‬he is currently
roaring, bellowing, raging busy with s.th., he is at present occupied
‫ اصطخاب‬iṣtikāb noise, din, clamor, with a matter; ‫( نرجع الى مَا نحن بصدده‬narji‘)
hubbub, uproar, tumult, turmoil, roar, we return to what is our present concern
raging or to what we are just discussing

‫ صاخب‬ṣākib loud, noisy, clamorous, ‫ صديد‬ṣadīd pus, matter


boisterous, vociferous, tumultuous,
‫ صديدي‬ṣadīdī suppurative, purulent, esp. ‫ حكما‬ḥukman a legal judgment or
festering sentence); to issue (marsūman an
ordinance)
‫ صدئ‬ṣadi’a a (‫ صدأ‬ṣada’) and ‫ صدؤ‬ṣadu’a u
(ṣadā’a) to become or be rusty, rust, ‫ صدر‬ṣadr pl. ‫ صدور‬ṣudūr chest, breast,
oxidize II = I; to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) rusty, bust; bosom, heart; front part, front; part,
cause (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to rust, corrode (‫ هـ‬s.th.) portion; first hemistich; leader,
commander; beginning, start, outset,
‫ صدأ‬ṣada’a rust; oxidation; smut, rust
commencement, inception; early period,
(plant disease)
beginnings, dawn (fig.) │ ‫ صدر الدار‬one
‫ صداءة‬ṣadā’a rustiness who occupies the highest position in the
‫ صدئ‬ṣadi’a rusty, rust-covered; dirty, house, who plays first fiddle in the house;
mean, shabby ‫( صدر رحب‬raḥb) generosity, magnanimity;
open-mindedness, broadmindedness,
‫ مَصدأ‬maṣda’ rusty, rust-covered liberality, frankness, candor; ‫صدر السلم‬
‫ صدح‬ṣadaḥa a (ṣadḥ, ‫ صداح‬ṣudāḥ) to chant, early period of Islam, early Islam; ‫الصدر‬
sing; to play (‫ ب‬a song, a tune) ‫ العظم‬title of the Grand Vizier in the
Ottoman Empire; grand vizier (Mor.); ‫صدر‬
‫ صدح‬ṣadaḥ banner ‫ المكان‬ṣ. al-makān the foremost part of a
‫ صدحات‬ṣadaḥāt (musical) strains room; ‫ صدر النهار‬ṣ. an-nahār daybreak,
beginning of the
O ‫ صادح‬ṣādiḥ note raised a semitone, a
sharp (mus.) day; ‫ ابو صدر‬robin (zool.); ‫بنات الصدر‬
banāt aṣ-ṣ. worries, anxieties,
‫ صدر‬ṣadara a i (‫ صدور‬ṣudūr) to go out,
apprehensions; ‫ باب الصدر‬front door; ‫ذات‬
step out (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬of, from within); to
‫ الصدر‬chest complaint; bottom of the heart,
proceed, emanate, arise, originate, stem (
secret thoughts; ‫ رحب الصدر‬raḥb aṣ-ṣ.
‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬from), have its origin (‫ عن‬or ‫مَن‬
generous, magnanimous; open-minded,
in); to come out, be issued, be
broad-minded, liberal; free of misgivings,
promulgated (order, ordinance, law); to
unhesitating; ‫ رحيب الصدر‬do.; ‫ضيق الصدر‬
appear, be published (book); to leave, go
ḍayyiq aṣ-ṣ. annoyed, angry (‫ ب‬at);
out (mail); to go (‫ الى‬to); to happen, occur,
disgruntled, depressed; ‫مَنقبض الصدر‬
come to pass; pass. ṣudira to have a chest
munqabiḍ aṣ-ṣ. dejected, low-spirited,
complaint │ ‫( صدر عن الجد‬jidd) to set about
crestfallen; ‫ مَكانة الصدر‬makānat aṣ-ṣ. first
seriously, get to work earnestly; ‫صدر عن‬
place, precedence, priority; = ‫واسع الصدر‬
‫ ارادته‬to act on one’s own volition II to
‫( رحب الصدر; صدرا مَن الزمَان‬zamān) quite a
send, send off, dispatch, forward (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
stretch of time, for some time; ‫ في الصدر‬in
to export (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to publish, bring out (‫هـ‬
the foreground; ‫( سخم بصدره‬sakkama) to
a book); to preface (‫ هـ‬a book); to
irritate s.o., make s.o. angry; ‫انشرح صدره‬
introduce, commence (‫ ب هـ‬a book with)
inšaraḥa ṣadruhū to be gladdened, be
506 III to seize, impound, confiscate (‫هـ‬
pleased, be cheered, be happy, rejoice
s.th.); to urge, press, oppress (s.o.), throw
obstacles in s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬way IV to send, send ‫ صدري‬ṣadrī pectoral, chest (used
out, dispatch (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to export (‫ هـ‬s.th.); attributively) │ ‫( نزلة صدرية‬nazla)
to issue (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., banknotes, bonds), bronchitis
make out (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a passport); to ‫ صدرة‬ṣudra vest, waistcoat; camisole,
publish, bring out (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a book); to (under)waist, bodice
give, issue (‫ هـ‬an order); to pronounce,
pass (‫ هـ‬a legal sentence); to utter, express ‫ صديري‬ṣudairī and ‫ صديرية‬pl. -āt vest,
(‫ هـ‬an opinion, a view) V to be sent, be waistcoat; bodice
dispatched; to preside (‫ هـ‬over), head (‫ هـ‬a ‫ صدار‬ṣidār vest, waistcoat;
group); to have a front seat (‫ هـ‬at a social (under-)waist, bodice
gathering); to resist, oppose (‫ ل‬s.o.), throw
obstacles in s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬way, stand in s.o.’s ( ‫ صدارة‬ṣadāra, ṣidāra precedence;
‫ )ل‬way X to bring about, obtain (‫ هـ‬s.th., presidency, chairmanship; first place, pre-
eminence; grand vizierate, office, ‫ صداع‬ṣudā‘ headache
chancellery, or position, of the Grand ‫ مَصدوع‬maṣdū‘ having a crack, cracked,
Vizier (Mor.) broken
‫ صدور‬ṣudūr coming out, appearance, ‫ صدغ‬ṣudg pl. ‫ اصداغ‬aṣdāg temple (anat.);
publication (e.g., of a book), issuance earlock, lovelock (also ‫ قصة الصدغ‬quṣṣat
(e.g., of an ordinance) aṣ-ṣ.)
‫ مَصدر‬maṣdar pl. ‫ مَصادر‬maṣādir starting ‫ صدغي‬ṣudgī temporal (anat.)
point, point of origin; origin, source (fig.);
(gram.) infinitive, verbal noun; absolute ‫ صدف‬ṣadafa i u (ṣadf, ‫ صدوف‬ṣudūf) to turn
or internal object away (‫ عن‬from), avoid, shun (‫ عن‬s.o.,
s.th.); -- i (ṣadf) to turn (‫ ه‬s.o.) away (‫عن‬
‫ تصدير‬taṣdīr sending (off), dispatch, from), discourage, restrain, deter (‫ عن ه‬s.o.
forwarding; exportation, export; preface, from); to happen by chance III to find ( ,‫هـ‬
foreword (of a book); issuance ‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.), meet (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬with s.th.); to
‫ مَصادرة‬muṣādara seizure, confiscation meet unexpectedly, by chance (‫ ه‬s.o.),
light (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬on), come across s.o. or s.th. (,‫هـ‬
‫ اصدار‬iṣdār exportation, export; issue,
‫)ه‬, run into s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)هـ‬, encounter (
issuance, bringing out, edition,
‫هـ‬, s.o., s.th.); to coincide, be coincident,
publication; making out, issuance │
concur (‫ هـ‬with s.th.); to fall (‫ هـ‬on a given
‫ مَصرف الَصدار‬maṣrif al-i. bank of issue
date); to happen by chance, come to pass (
‫ استصدار‬istiṣdār issue, making out; ‫ ان‬that) │ ‫ صادف الَستحسان‬to meet with
issuance 507 approval; ‫( صادف مَحله‬maḥallahū) to come
‫ صادر‬ṣādir going out, emanating, in handily, be convenient, be opportune V
originating; issued, come out, published, to turn away (‫ عن‬from), avoid, shun (‫عن‬
etc.; exportation, export; yield; ‫الصادرات‬ s.o., s.th.) VI to happen by chance, come
export goods, exports to pass

‫ مَصدور‬maṣdūr affected with a pectoral ‫ صدف‬ṣadaf (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫اصداف‬


ailment, phthisical, consumptive, aṣdāf pearl oyster, sea shell, conch │ ‫صدفة‬
tubercular ‫ الَذن‬ṣ. al-udun external ear, auricle, pinna

‫ مَصدر‬maṣdar export merchant, exporter ‫ صدف‬ṣadaf, ‫ مَرض الصدفية‬maraḍ aṣ-


ṣadafīya a noncontagious skin disease,
‫ صدع‬ṣada‘a a (ṣad‘) to split, cleave, part, psoriasis (med.)
sunder (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to crack, break (‫ هـ‬an
object), cause (‫ هـ‬an object) to crack; to ‫ صدفي‬ṣadafī sea-shell, shell (adj.);
break (‫ هـ‬through obstacles), conquer, nacreous, mother-of-pearl (adj.)
overcome, surmount (‫ هـ‬obstacles, ‫ صدفة‬ṣudfa pl. ‫ صدف‬ṣudaf chance,
difficulties) │ ‫( صدع بالحق‬ḥaqq) to come haphazard, coincidence, unexpected
out openly with the truth; ‫( صدع بأمَر‬amr) concurrence; ‫ صدفة‬ṣudfatan by chance, by
to execute an order, comply with an order; coincidence, accidentally │ ‫ بالصدفة‬or
pass. sudi‘a to have or get a headache II ‫ بطريق الصدفة‬by chance, by coincidence,
to cause a headache (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to molest, accidentally; as chance will have it,
harass, trouble (‫ خاطره‬kāṭirahū s.o.); pas. haphazardly
ṣuddi‘a to have or get a headache V to get
‫ مَصادفة‬muṣādafa pl. -āt encounter,
split, let cleft, come apart, burst, break,
meeting; chance, haphazard, coincidence,
crack; to go to pieces; to reel, waver, be
unexpected concurrence; muṣādafatan by
shaken; to separate (‫ عن‬from), part (‫عن‬
chance, by coincidence, accidentally
with) VII to get split, get cleft, come apart,
break, crack; to be rudely interrupted; to ‫ مَصادف‬muṣādif corresponding (‫ ل‬to),
break, dawn (morning) concurrent (‫ ل‬with a date of another
chronological system), coincident (‫ل‬
‫ صدع‬ṣad‘ pl. ‫ صدوع‬ṣudū‘ crevice,
with), falling (‫ ل‬on a given date)
fissure, crack, break, rift, cleft
‫ صدق‬ṣadaqa u (ṣadq, ṣidq) to speak the truth, ‫ صديق‬ṣadīq pl. ‫ اصدقاء‬aṣdiqā’2, ‫صدقاء‬
be sincere; to tell (‫ ه‬s.o.) the truth (‫عن‬ ṣudaqā’2, ‫ صدقان‬ṣudqān friend; friendly,
about); to prove to be true, turn out to be connected by bonds of friendship
correct, come true; to be right; to fit ‫ صدوق‬ṣadūq veracious, truthful, honest,
exactly (‫ على‬s.o. or s.th.), apply (‫ على‬to), sincere
hold true (‫ على‬of) │508 ‫ وعده‬or ‫( في وعده‬fī
wa‘dihī or wa‘dahū) to keep, or fulfill, ‫ صديق‬ṣiddīq strictly veracious, honest,
one’s promise; ‫( صدقه النصيحة‬naṣīḥata) to righteous, upright; ‫ الصديق‬epithet of the
advice s.o. sincerely; ‫( صدقه الحب‬ḥubba) to first Caliph, Abū Bakr
love s.o. sincerely, truly II to deem (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ ‫ اصدق‬aṣdaq2 truer, sincerer │ ‫اصدق‬
s.o. s.th.) credible, accept (‫ هـ‬s.th.) as true, ‫( برهان على‬a. burhānin) the most reliable,
give credence (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), or best, proof for ...; ‫ اصدق صديق‬the most
believe, trust (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to consider loyal, or best, friend
or pronounce (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to be true, right,
correct or credible; to believe (‫ ب‬in); to ‫ مَصداق‬miṣdāq confirmation,
give one’s consent, to consent, assent, corroboration, substantiation; touchstone,
agree (‫ على‬to s.th.), approve (‫ على‬of s.th.), criterion
grant, license, sanction, certify, confirm, ‫ تصديق‬taṣdīq belief, faith (‫ ب‬in);
substantiate, attest, ratify, authenticate, consent, assent, agreement (‫ على‬to),
legalize, verify (‫ على‬s.th.) │ ‫لَ يصدق‬ approval, sanctioning, licensing,
(yuṣaddaqu) incredible, unbelievable, certification, confirmation, attestation,
unreliable, untrustworthy; ‫صدق او كذب‬ ratification, verification, authentication,
ṣaddiq au kaddib (as an affirmative legalization (‫ على‬of s.th.) │ ‫سرعة التصديق‬
parenthesis) believe it or not III to treat (‫ه‬ sur‘at at-t. credulity; ‫سريع التصديق‬
s.o.) &s a friend; to maintain one’s credulous ‫ مَصادقة‬muṣādaqa consent,
friendship (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to be or become assent, agreement (‫ على‬to), concurrence (
friends (‫ ه‬with s.o.), befriend (‫ ه‬s.o.); to ‫ على‬in); approval, sanctioning,
give one’s consent, to consent, assent, certification, confirmation, attestation,
agree (‫ على‬to s.th.), approve (‫ على‬of), ratification (‫ على‬of s.th.); legalization,
grant, license, sanction, certify, confirm, authentication (‫ على‬of a document)
substantiate (‫ على‬s.th.); to legalize,
authenticate (‫ على‬a signature, etc.) IV to ‫ تصادق‬taṣāduq legalization,
fix a (bridal) dower (‫ ها‬for a woman) V to authentication (‫ على‬of a document)
give alms (‫ على‬to s.o.); to give as alms, ‫ صادق‬ṣādiq true, truthful, veracious,
donate (‫ على‬to s.o., ‫ ب‬s.th.) sincere, candid; reliable; accurate, true,
‫ صدق‬ṣidq truth, trueness, truthfulness; genuine, faithful, authentic
sincerity, candor; veracity, correctness (of ‫ مَصدقة‬muṣaddiqa certificate,
an allegation); efficiency; ‫ صدقا‬ṣidqan certification, attestation
truly, really, in truth
‫ مَصدق‬muṣaddaq credible, believable,
‫ صدقة‬ṣadaqa pl. -āt alms, charitable reliable, trustworthy │ ‫غير مَصدق‬
gift; almsgiving, charity, voluntary incredible; ‫( مَصدق عليه رسميا‬rasmīyan)
contribution of alms, freewill offering; legalized, officially certified 509
legally prescribed alms tax (Isl. Law) │
‫ صيدلي‬look up alphabetically
‫ صدقة الفطر‬ṣ. al-fiṭr almsgivings at the end
of Ramadan (Isl. Law) ‫ صدم‬ṣadama i (ṣadm) to bump, strike, knock,
dash, bounce, bang, run (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬against), hit
‫ صداق‬ṣadāq, sidāq pl. ‫ صدق‬ṣuduq, ‫اصدقة‬
(a upon); to run (‫ ه‬into s.o., e.g., an
aṣdiqa (bridal) dower; -- (pl. ‫)اصدقة‬
automobile, etc.); to collide, clash (‫ب‬
marriage contrast (tun.)
with, e.g., train with car) ill to bump,
‫ صداقة‬ṣadāqa pl. ·41 friendohip strike, knock, dash, bounce, bang, run ( ,‫هـ‬
‫ ه‬againat s.o. or s.th.); to resist, oppose (,‫هـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.), battle (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬against); to
encounter (hostilely), clash; pass. ‫صودم‬
ṣūdima to be severely afflicted (‫ ب‬by) VI Mecca and Medina, the traditional funds
to collide (e.g., trains), encounter sent by the different Islamic countries
(armies); to clash, conflict (e.g., different (nowadays, e.g., by Egypt and Tunisia)
opinions) VIII to collide, clash (‫ ب‬or ‫مَع‬ with the hadj caravan to be distributed
with); to bump, strike, run (‫ ب‬against), hit among the poor of Mecca and Medina;
(‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., a mine); to take offense (‫ب‬ ‫ امَين الصرة‬the Trustee of the ṣurra (who is
at, e.g., at mistakes), take exception (‫ب‬ responsible for its delivery); ‫صرة النقود‬
to); to fail (‫ ب‬due to), be thwarted (‫ ب‬by); cash remittance
= VI ‫ صرير‬ṣarīr chirping, stridulation (of
‫ صدمَة‬ṣadma pl. ṣadamāt push, thrust, crickets); squeaking, screeching
jolt, shook, blow, stroke; upset, ‫ صرار‬ṣarrār or ‫ صرار الليل‬ṣ. al-lail
commotion, (psychic) shock; obstacle, cricket (zool.)
difficulty
‫ صريرة‬ṣarīra coins wrapped in a purse
‫ صدام‬ṣidām collision, clash; breakdown,
collapse │ ‫( صدام وجداني‬wijdānī) mental ‫ اصرار‬iṣrār penitence, perseverance (
breakdown ‫ على‬in), insistences (‫ على‬on) │ ‫سبق الصرار‬
sabq al-i. premeditation, willfulness (jur.)
‫ مَصادمَة‬muṣādama, pl. -āt collision,
clash, impact ‫ مَصر‬muṣirr persistent, insistent;
determined, resolute
‫ تصادم‬taṣādum collision, clash; bounce,
impact (‫ ب‬on); upset, commotion, ‫ الصرب‬aṣ-ṣirb Serbia; the Serbs
(psychic) shock │ ‫ طاسة التصادم‬buffer ‫ صربي‬ṣirbī Serbian
(railroad)
‫ صرح‬ṣaruḥa u (‫ صراحة‬ṣarāḥa, ‫صروحة‬
‫ اصطدام‬iṣṭidām collision, clash; bounce, ṣurūḥa) to be or become pure,
impact (‫ ب‬on); upset, commotion, unadulterated, uncontaminated, clear; --
(psychic) shock ṣaraḥa a (ṣarḥ) to make clear, clarify,
‫ صدى‬ṣadiya II (ṣadan) to be very thirsty IV to explicate, 510 explain (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to
echo, resound, reverberate V to occupy explain, explicate, clarify, make clear (‫هـ‬
o.s. (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬with); to turn, apply o.s. (‫ ل‬or s.th.); to declare, state, announce (‫ ب‬s.th.),
‫ الى‬to s.th.); to undertake (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.), make a statement (‫ ب‬about); to speak out
embark (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬upon); to oppose, resist, frankly, openly, be clear, be explicit (‫ عن‬,‫ب‬
counteract, antagonize (‫ ل‬s.o.), throw about), let (‫ عن‬,‫ ب‬s.th.) be known; to
obstacles in s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬way, be in s.o.’s (‫)ل‬ allow, permit, grant (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to
way license (‫ ب‬s.th.), give a permit, grant a
license (‫ ب‬for) III to speak frankly,
‫ صدا‬,‫ صدى‬ṣadan pl. ‫ اصداء‬aṣdā’ echo, openly; to speak out frankly or openly, be
reverberation clear, be explicit (‫ ب‬about), avow (‫ب‬
‫ تصدية‬taṣdiya hand clapping s.th.), let (‫ ب‬s.th.) be known; to declare ( ‫ه‬
‫ ان‬to s.o. that) IV to make clear, clarify,
‫ صر‬ṣarra i (ṣarr, ‫ صرير‬ṣarīr) to chirp,
explicate, explain (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to become
stridulate (cricket); to creak (door); to
clear, evident, manifest, come to light VII
squeak, screech; to grate, scratch; to
to become evident, manifest, clear
gnash, chatter (teeth); to lace, cord, tie up,
truss up, bind (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to shove, put (‫هـ في‬ ‫ صرح‬ṣarḥ pl. ṣurūḥ castle, palace, lofty
money into a purse); to prick up (‫ هـ‬or ‫ب‬ edifice, imposing structure
one’s ears) IV to persist (‫ على‬in), insist ( ‫ صراح‬ṣurāḥ pure, unadulterated,
‫ على‬on); to make up one’s mind, resolve, uncontaminated, clear; distinct, plain,
determine, decide (‫ على‬to do s.th.); to obvious, evident, patent, manifest,
prick up (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬one’s ears) unambiguous, unequivocal
‫ صرة‬ṣurra pl. ‫ صرر‬ṣurar (money) bag, ‫ صريح‬ṣarīḥ pl. ‫ صرحاء‬ṣuraḥā’2, ‫صرائح‬
purse; bundle, packet, parcel │ ‫ الصرة‬or ṣarā’iḥ2 pure, unadulterated,
‫ صرة الحرمَين‬ṣ. al-ḥaramain the ṣurra for uncontaminated; clear; distinct, plain,
obvious, evident, patent, manifest, ‫ صرصر‬ṣurṣur pl. ‫ صراصير‬ṣarāṣīr2 a
unambiguous, unequivocal; open, frank, variety of cockroach (Blatta aegyptiaca;
sincere, candid; free, openhearted zool.); cricket (zool.)
‫ صراحة‬ṣarāḥa clearness clarity, ‫ صرصور‬ṣurṣūr pl. ‫ صراصير‬ṣarāṣīr2
distinctness, plainness; unambiguousness; cricket (zool.); cockroach (syr.)
openness, frankness, candor, sincerity, ‫ صرصار‬ṣarṣār cricket (zool.)
openheartedness; ṣarāḥatan clearly,
plainly, distinctly, patently, unequivocally, ‫ صراط‬ṣirāṯ way, path, road
unambiguously; openly, frankly, bluntly, ‫ صرع‬ṣara‘a a (ṣar‘, ṣir‘, ‫ مَصرع‬maṣra‘) to
straightforward, honestly, openheartedly throw down, fell, bring to the ground (‫ه‬
‫ اصرح‬aṣraḥ2 purer, clearer; sincerer s.o.); -- pass. ṣuri‘a to be epileptic, have
an epileptic fit; to be or go mad 511 III to
‫ تصريح‬taṣrīḥ pl. -āt, ‫ تصاريح‬taṣārīḥ2 wrestle (also as a sport), fight (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
(public) statement, declaration; VI to wrestle with one another VII to be or
permission, (official) permit, license go mad VIII = VI
‫ صرخ‬ṣaraka u (‫ صراخ‬ṣurāk, ‫ صريخ‬ṣarīk) to cry, ‫ صرع‬ṣar‘ epilepsy
yell, scream, shriek, shout; to cry for help;
to call (‫ ب‬s.o.); to call out, shout (‫ على‬to ‫ صرع‬ṣur‘ rein
s.o.); to yell, bellow, roar (‫ في‬or ‫ في وجهه‬at ‫ صريع‬ṣarī‘ pl. ‫ صرعى‬ṣar‘ā thrown to
s.o.) │ ‫( صرخ صرخة‬ṣarkatan) to cry out, the ground, felled; epileptic; demented,
let out a cry X to cry for help; to call (‫ ه‬to insane, mad, crazy; (with foll. genit.)
s.o.) for help succumbing to s.th., fallen victim to s.th.,
‫ صرخة‬ṣarka pl. -āt cry, outcry, yell, │ ‫ سقط صريعا‬to be killed (in battle); ‫صريع‬
scream; call for help ‫ الشراب‬ṣ. aš-šarāb addicted to the bottle;
‫ صريع الكرى‬ṣ. al-karā overcome by sleep
‫ صراخ‬ṣurāk crying, yelling; clamor,
screaming, screams ‫ مَصرع‬maṣra‘ pl. ‫ مَصارع‬maṣāri‘2 battle-
ground; ruin, destruction, perdition, death;
‫ صريخ‬ṣarīk crying, yelling; clamor, fatal accident; vital part of the body (the
screaming, screams injury of which can cause death)
‫ صراخ‬ṣarrāk crier, screamer, bawler; ‫ مَصراع‬miṣrā‘ pl. ‫ مَصاريع‬maṣārī‘2 leaf
peacock of a door; hemistich │ ‫ صفائح المصراع‬door
‫ صاروخ‬ṣārūk pl. ‫ صواريخ‬ṣawārīk2 panel; ‫( الباب مَفتوح على مَصراعيه‬miṣrā‘aihi)
rocket; siren (magr.) │ O ‫صاروخ عابر‬ the door is wide open
‫ القارات‬intercontinental ballistic missile ‫ صراع‬ṣirā‘ wrestling, wrestling match;
ICBM fight, struggle
‫ قنبلة صاروخية‬qunbula ṣārūkīya rocket ‫ مَصارعة‬muṣāra‘a wrestling, wrestling
bomb, guided missile match; fight, struggle
‫ صارخ‬ṣārik gaudy, flashy (color); ‫ اصطراع‬iṣṭirā‘ fight, struggle, conflict,
glaring (color, light); crude, gross, coarse; controversy
noisy, loud; crier, caller
‫ مَصروع‬maṣrū‘ thrown to the ground,
‫ صرد‬ṣard severe cold (spell) felled; epileptic; demented, insane, mad,
‫ صراد‬ṣarrāad drifting clouds, cirrus crazy
‫ صريد‬ṣurraid drifting clouds, cirrus ‫ مَصارع‬muṣāri‘ wrestler; fighter
‫ صرصر‬ṣarṣara to let out a piercing cry, ‫ صرف‬ṣarafa i (ṣarf) to turn; to turn away, avert
scream shrilly (‫ ه‬,‫ عن هـ‬s.o., s.th. from); to dissuade,
alienate, keep away (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to
‫ ريح صرصر‬rīḥ ṣarṣar violent, cold
divert, distract (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to turn,
wind, icy gale
direct (‫ الى ه‬s.th., e.g., one’s eyes, one’s
attention, to s.th.); to grant leave, dismiss,
send away (‫ ه‬s.o.); to give s.o. (‫ )ه‬the maḥaṭṭat aṣ-ṣ. (el.) power station;
brush-olf; to spend, expend (‫ على ه‬money drainage station, pumping
for); to defray the cost (‫ على‬of s.th.), pay ( station; ‫ سعر الصرف‬ṣi'r aṣ-ṣ. exchange
‫ على‬for s.th.); to pay out, disburse (‫ل هـ‬ rate; ‫‘ علم الصرف‬ilm aṣ-ṣ. morphology
money to); to issue, give out (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., (gram.); ‫ مَمنوع مَن الصرف‬indeclinable
tickets), make out (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a permit); (gram.); ‫( بصرف النظر عن‬bi-ṣ. in-naẓar)
to spend, devote (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬or ‫ في هـ‬time, regardless of, irrespective of,
effort on); to pass, spend (‫ في هـ‬time at notwithstanding, to say nothing of
s.th., doing s.th.); to change money (‫ ;)هـ‬to
inflect (‫ هـ‬a word) │ ‫( صرف النظر عن‬naẓar) ‫ صرف‬ṣirf pure, unadulterated,
to avert one’s glance from, disregard s.th., unmixed; mere, sheer, absolute
pay no attention to s.th., leave s.th. out of ‫ صرفيات‬ṣarfīyāt payments,
consideration; -- i (‫ صريف‬ṣarīf) to creak, disbursements
grate II to cause to flow off, draw off (‫هـ‬
water); to drain (‫ هـ‬land); to dispatch, ‫ صريف‬ṣarīf squeak(ing), creak(ing),
expedite, wind up, liquidate (‫ هـ‬business); squeal(ing)
to change money (‫ ;)هـ‬to market, retail, ‫ صراف‬ṣarrāf money changer; cashier,
distribute, sell (‫ هـ‬merchandise), dispose ( teller, treasurer; paymaster; banker
‫ هـ‬of merchandise); to circulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to give a free hand (‫ ه في‬to s.o. in s.th.), let ‫ صرافة‬ṣarrafa (woman) cashier │ ‫صرافة‬
(‫ ه‬s.o.) dispose freely (‫ في‬over, in), grant ‫( التذاكير‬woman) ticket agent
the right of disposal (‫ في ه‬to s.o. over or in ‫ صيرف‬ṣairaf pl. ‫ صيارف‬ṣayārif2 money
s.th.); to inflect (‫ هـ‬a word), conjugate (‫ هـ‬a changer; cashier, teller, treasurer
verb), decline (‫ هـ‬a noun) V to act
‫ صيرفي‬ṣairafī pl. ‫ صيارفة‬ṣayārifa money
independently; to dispose freely, have the
changer; cashier, teller, treasurer
right of disposal (‫ في‬over); to move freely,
act without restriction (‫ في‬in), administer ‫ صريفة‬ṣarīfa pl. ‫ صرائف‬ṣarā’if2 reedmat
(freely) (‫ في‬s.th.); to behave, act, conduct hut
o.s., comport o.s. ; to exercise sacerdotal ‫ مَصرف‬maṣrif pl. ‫ مَصارف‬maṣārif2
functions (Copt.-Chr.); to be inflected drainage canal, drainage ditch, drain;
(gram.); to be derived │ ‫تصرف تصرفا كيفيا‬ bank; pay office, teller’s window (at a
‫( في‬taṣarrufan kaifīyan) to proceed bank)
arbitrarily in or at VII to turn away; to go
away, depart (‫ عن‬from), leave (‫ عن‬s.th.); to ‫ تصريف‬taṣrīf drawing off (of water),
give up, abandon, relinquish, quit (‫ عن‬s.o., drainage; sale, retail, disposal,
s.th.); to flow off, drain; to pass on, distribution; change, alteration; inflection,
change over, turn one’s attention (‫ الى‬to declension, conjugation │ ‫ تصاريف الدهر‬t.
s.th.); to proceed (‫ الى‬to some activity or to ad-dahr the vicissitudes of fate; ‫تصريف‬
do s.th.); to apply o.s., devote o.s. (‫ الى‬to ‫ الشئون‬settlement, windup, or management,
s.th.); to be spent, be expended (money); of affairs
to be issued, be made out (e.g.. ticket); to ‫ تصرف‬taṣarruf pl. -āt free disposal (‫في‬
be fully, i.e., triptotically, inflected │ over), right of disposal; usufruct;
‫ انصرف الى نفسه‬to withdraw by o.s., isolate administration; action, way of acting,
o.s.; ‫ انصرف يفعل‬to set about to do s.th., demeanor, behavior, conduct; outflow,
proceed to do s.th. 512 efflux, effluence, output (in terms of the
‫ صرف‬ṣarf averting, turning away; capacity of a pump), discharge,
expenditure, expense; spending, use, throughput, quantity of water flowing
application (e.g., of time, of effort, etc.); through; pl. ‫ تصرفات‬measures,
issuance, issue, making out; disbursement; dispositions, regulations │ ‫تصرف مَنجز‬
money changing; barter (Isl. Law); (munjaz) regulation effective immediately
drainage; inflection (gram.); (pl. ‫صروف‬ (Isl. Law); ‫ حسن التصرف‬ḥusn at-t.
ṣurūf) adversities, misfortunes (also ‫صرو‬ discretion; ‫ مَطلق التصرف‬muṭlaq at-t.
‫ ف الدهر‬ṣurūf ad-dahr) │ ‫مَحطة الصرف‬ having unrestricted right of disposal,
invested with full power; ‫ بتصرف‬freely; ‫ صرامَة‬ṣarāma sharpness, keenness;
‫ تحت تصرفه‬at s.o.’s disposal; ‫وضع شيئا تحت‬ harshness, sternness, severity, rigor,
‫ تصرفه‬to put s.th. at s.o.’s disposition; ‫تصرف‬ unfriendliness
‫ ات الزمَن‬t. az-zaman the vicissitudes of ‫ صريمة‬ṣarīma horse bridle
time
‫ مَصارمَة‬muṣārama estrangement, break,
‫ انصراف‬inṣirāf going away, leave, antagonism, hostility
departure; avertedness, aversion (‫ عن‬to);
abstention (‫ عن‬from). renunciation (‫ عن‬of) ‫ صارم‬ṣārim sharp, harsh, hard, severe,
stem
‫ مَصروف‬devoted, dedicated (‫ الى‬to s.th.);
money spent, expenditure; pl. -āt, ‫مَصاريف‬ ‫ مَنصرم‬munṣarim elapsed, past, bygone
maṣārīf2 expenses, expenditures, costs │ (period of time)
‫ مَصروف البريد‬and ‫ مَصاراف البريد‬postage; 2
‫ صرم‬ṣurm = ‫سرم‬
‫ مَصروف الجيب‬m. al-jaib pocket money; 3
‫ خالص المصاريف‬postage free, franked; ‫وفى‬ ‫ صرم‬ṣarma pl. ‫ صرم‬ṣuram (eg.) shoe
‫( المصاريف‬wafā) to cover the cocte, defray ‫ صرمَايا‬ṣurmāyā pl. -āt, ‫ صرامَى‬ṣarāmī
the expense; ‫( مَصروف مَن الخدمَة‬kidma) (syr.) shoe made of red or yellow leather;
dismissed, discharged shoes
‫ مَتصرف‬mutaṣarrif approx.: provincial ‫ مَصارين‬see ‫مَصر‬
governor (Ir.; administering anyone of the
14 liwā’, q.v.); former title of a Turkish ‫ صار‬ṣārin and ‫ صارية‬ṣāriya pl. ‫ صوار‬ṣawārin
administrative officer in Arab countries mast, pole │ ‫ صارى العلم‬ṣ. l-‘alam flagpole

‫ مَتصرف‬mutaṣarrifa jurisdiction of a ‫ مَصطبة‬maṣṭaba, miṣṭaba pl. ‫ مَصاطب‬maṣāṭib2


mutaṣarrif (q.v.), approx.: province; outdoor stone bench (built into the side of
dignity, government, authority, etc., of a a house), maṣṭaba
mutaṣarrif ‫ مَصطول‬maṣṭūl fool
‫ مَنصرف‬munṣarif fully inflected, i.e., ‫ صعب‬ṣa‘uba u (‫ صعوبة‬ṣu‘ūba) to be hard,
triptotical (gram.); ‫ المنصرف‬the money difficult (‫ على‬for); to be embarrassing,
spent, expenditures shocking, unpleasant (‫ على‬for, to) II to
‫ مَنصرف‬munṣarif departure, leave, make hard, make difficult (‫ على‬for s.o.
going away │ ‫( لَ مَنصرف عنه‬munṣarafa) s.th.); to present as difficult (‫ على‬to s.o.
513 indispensable, inevitable; ‫مَنصرفهم‬ s.th.) V to become difficult; to make (‫هـ‬
munṣarafahum at their departure, when s.th.) hard or difficult VI to be difficult (of
they left; ‫( في صرف النهار‬m. in-nahār) at a person); to be hard to please X to find or
the parting of day, at day’s end consider difficult (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
1
‫صرم‬ṣaruma u (‫ صرم‬ṣarāma) to be sharp; to ‫ صعب‬ṣa‘b pl. ‫ صعاب‬ṣi‘āb hard, difficult;
be stern, hard, harsh, severe; -- ṣrama i pl. difficulties │ ‫ صعب الَحتمال‬hard to bear,
(ṣarm, ṣurm) to cut, cut off, sever (‫هـ‬ oppressive; ‫ صعب الَرضاء‬ṣ. al-irḍā’ hard to
s.th.); to leave, forsake (‫ ه‬s.o.), separate (‫ه‬ please, fastidious; ‫ صعب المراس‬obstinate,
from s.o.), part (‫ ه‬with s.o.) II to cut, cut stubborn, self-opinionated, recalcitrant,
off, cut through, sever, separate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V headstrong; ‫‘( عملة صعبة‬umla) hard
to decrease, wane, dwindle; to elapse, go currency
by, pass; to be past, be bygone, be over ‫ صعوبة‬ṣu‘ūba difficulty │ ‫صعوبة المراس‬
(time) VII to elapse, go by, pass; to be obstinacy, stubbornness, recalcitrance,
past. be bygone, be over (time) refractoriness
‫ صرم‬ṣarm severance, separation ‫ مَصاعب‬maṣā‘ib2 difficulties
‫ صرمَة‬ṣirma pl. ‫ صرم‬ṣiram herd of ‫ صعتر‬ṣa‘tar wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum;
camels bot.)
‫ صعد‬ṣa‘ida a (‫ صعود‬ṣu‘ūd) to rise, go up; to
lift, climb, ascend, slope upward; to
mount, scale, ascend, climb (‫ هـ‬s.th.), ‫ مَتصاعد‬mutaṣā‘id rising, ascending
climb up (‫ هـ‬on s.th.); to take off (also, e.g., of vapors)
(airplane); ‫ صعد به الى‬to make s.o. ascend, ‫ صعر‬ṣa‘ra a (ṣa‘ar) to be awry (face; with
lead s.o. up to … II to ascend, mount; to pride) II ‫( صعر خده‬kaddahū) to put on a
go upstream; to travel to Upper Egypt; to contemptuous mien
send up (‫ ه‬s.o.); to cause (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to rise or
ascend; to heave ‫ صعق‬ṣa‘aqa a (‫ صاعقة‬ṣā‘iqa) to strike s.o. (‫)ه‬
down with lightning, destroy, hit, slay (‫ه‬
(from one’s breast), utter (‫ هـ‬sigh, s.o.; of lightning); to stun, stupefy, make
wails, and the like); to cause (s.th.) to unconscious (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ṣa‘iqa a and pass.
evaporate, vaporize, volatilize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ṣi‘iqa (ṣa‘aq, ‫ صعقة‬ṣa‘qa) to be
sublimate (‫ هـ‬s.th.; chem.) │ ‫صعد الزفرات‬ thunderstruck; to lose consciousness │
(zafarāt) to heave deep sighs IV to make ( ‫( صعق في مَكانه‬makānihī) to stop dead in
‫ ه‬s.o.) ascend or advance; to ascend (‫ الى‬to one's tracks, stand as if thunderstruck IV
elevated terrain); to go upstream; to travel to strike down, slay, destroy (‫ ه‬s.o.; of
up, travel V to evaporate, vaporize VI to lightning); to stun, stupefy, make
rise, lift, ascend 514 unconscious (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII to be struck by
‫ صعود‬ṣu‘ūd height, altitude lightning
‫ صعدة‬ṣa‘da pl. ṣa‘adāt rise, incline; ‫ صعق‬ṣa‘aq thunder, peal of thunder
slope, declivity ‫ صعق‬ṣa‘iq thunderstruck, dumfounded
‫ صعود‬ṣu‘ūd rising, lifting, ascending; ‫ صاعقة‬ṣā‘iqa pl. ‫ صواعق‬ṣawā‘iq 2 bolt of
take-off (of an airplane); ascent; boom; lightning, thunderbolt
advance (‫ الى‬toward) │ ‫ صعود الرب‬ṣ. ar-
rabb and ‫‘ عيد الصعود‬īd aṣ-ṣ. Ascension ‫ مَصعوق‬maṣ‘ūq struck by lightning;
Day (Chr.) thunderstruck, stupefied, dumfounded;
crushed, destroyed
‫ صعود‬ṣa‘ūd steep hill
‫ صعلكة‬ṣa‘laka loitering, loafing
‫ صعيد‬ṣa‘īd pl. ‫ صعود‬ṣu‘ūd highland,
upland, plateau; ‫ الصعيد‬and ‫ صعيد مَصر‬ṣ. ‫ صعلوك‬ṣu‘lūk pl. ‫ صعاليك‬ṣa‘ālīk2 utterly
miṣr Upper Egypt │ ‫ في صعيد واحد‬on a destitute; have-not, pauper, poor wretch;
common basis, on common ground, on beggar; tramp, vagabond, loafer
equal footing, without distinction, ‫ صغر‬ṣagura u (ṣigar, ‫ صغارة‬ṣagāra)
indiscriminately; ‫ على صعيد واحد‬congenial, and ṣagira a (ṣagar) to be or become
like-minded, kindred in spirit, agreed small, little, scanty; to diminish, decrease,
‫ صعيدي‬ṣa‘īdī pl. ‫ صعايدة‬ṣa‘āyida Upper wane, dwindle; to be young; to be lowly,
Egyptian submissive, servile, humble; -- ṣagara u
(ṣagr) to be younger (‫ ب ه‬than
‫ صعداء‬ṣu‘adā’2 (deep) sigh │ ‫تنفس‬
‫ الصعداء‬tanaffasa ṣ-ṣu‘adā’ to sigh s.o. by) │ ‫( مَا صغرني الَ بسنة‬bi-sanatin)
(deeply), heave a (deep) sigh he was only one year younger than I
‫ مَصعد‬maṣ‘ad pl. ‫ مَصاعد‬maṣā‘id2 point II to make small(er) or little(r), lessen,
of ascent minimize, reduce, diminish, decrease (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to belittle, deride, ridicule, debase,
‫ مَصعد‬miṣ‘ad pl. ‫ مَصاعد‬maṣā‘id2 bemean (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to form a
elevator, lift; O anode diminutive (‫ هـ‬of a noun) VI to prove o.s.
‫ مَصعدة‬miṣ‘ada elevator, lift contemptible, be servile, fawn, cringe,
grovel X to deem (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) small,
‫ صاعد‬ṣā‘id pl. ‫ صواعد‬ṣawā‘id 2 rising,
little or paltry; to make light (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of s.o.,
ascending (also, e.g., of vapors) │ ‫فصاعدا‬
of s.th.), undervalue (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
fa-ṣā‘idan and beyond that, and more; ‫مَن‬
think little (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of s.o., of s.th.) │ ‫استصغر‬
‫ فصاعدا‬-- from -- on, from --upward; ‫مَن الن‬
‫( نفسه‬nafsahū) to feel inferior
‫( فصاعدا‬min al-āna) from now on,
henceforth
‫ صغر‬ṣigar smallness, littleness, IV to listen, pay attention, lend one’s ear (
scantiness, paltriness, paucity, ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.th., to s.o.). heed (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.)
insignificance; youthfulness, juvenility ‫ صغو‬ṣagw and ‫ صغا‬ṣagan inclination,
(also ‫ صغر السن‬ṣ. as-sinn) 515 ‫ صغرة‬ṣigra: disposition, tendency, affection,
‫( هو صغرة ابويه‬ṣ. abawaihi) he is the attachment, good will
youngest of his parents’ children
‫ اصغاء‬isgā’ attention, attentiveness
‫ صغير‬ṣagīr pl. ‫ صغار‬ṣigār, ‫صغراء‬
ṣugarā’2 small, little; paltry, scanty, ‫ صاغ‬ṣāgin inclined, disposed, attentive;
insignificant; tiny, minute; young, listener, hearer
juvenile, minor; a minor, one under age │ ‫ مَصغ‬attentive; listener, hearer
‫ صغير السن‬ṣ. s-sinn young; ‫ صغير النفس‬ṣ. an- 1
nafs mean-spirited, base, servile, ‫ صفة‬see ‫وصف‬
2
Toadying, cringing, groveling ‫صغار‬ ‫ صف‬ṣaffa u (ṣaff) to set up in a row or
‫ الموظفين‬ṣ. al-muwaẓẓafīn small officials, line, line up, align, array, arrange, order (‫هـ‬
subaltern officials; ‫‘( العيد الصغير‬īd) Little s.th.); to eat, compose (‫ هـ‬type, typ.); to
Bairam, i.e., the feast of fast breaking on range, class, classify (‫ مَع ه‬s.o. among); to
the 1st of Shawwal; ‫ كل صغيرة وكبيرة‬kullu ṣ. cut (‫ هـ‬s.th.) in strips II to set up in a row
wa-kabīra every detail or line, line up, align, array, arrange, order
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to comb (‫ هـ‬the hair) straight VI
‫ صغير‬ṣagīra pl. ‫ صغائر‬ṣagā’ir2 venial to line up, take position in a row or line,
sin (Isl. Law); minor mistake; pl. stand in a row or line, be lined up, be
trivialities, trifles aligned, be strung in a line VIII - VI; to
‫ صغارة‬ṣagāra littleness, paltriness, fall in, stand in formation (of a military
scantiness, paucity; lowliness, servility, detachment) │ ‫ اصطف الى جانب الطريق‬to
humility, humbleness line the rood, form a lane (e.g., troops,
police, etc.)
‫ اصغر‬aṣgar f. ‫ صغرى‬ṣugrā pl. m. ‫اصاغر‬
aṣāgir2 smaller, littler; younger │ ‫اصغر‬ ‫ صف‬ṣaff aligning or arranging in a line
‫ الشرين‬a. aš-šarrain the lesser of two evils, or row; -- (pl. ‫ صفوف‬ṣufūf) row, line, file,
‫ آسيا الصغرى‬Asia Minor; ‫الدول الصغرى‬ rank, queue; row, or tier, of seats; grade,
(duwal) the small countries; ‫سوريا الصغرى‬ form (in school), class course, section,
(sūriyā) Palestine; ‫ النهاية الصغرى‬the division, group │ ‫ صف الدم‬ṣ. ad-dam,
minimum blood group; ‫ آلة صف الحروف‬typesetting
machine, ‫( ضابط الصف‬also ‫ صف ضابط‬pl.
‫ تصغير‬taṣgīr diminution, lessening, ‫ )صف ضباط‬non-commissioned officer; ‫انتظم‬
decrease, reduction │ ‫ اسم التصغير‬ism at-t. ‫ صفوفا‬intaẓama ṣufūfan to line up in rows
diminutive (gram.) or files
‫ اصغار‬iṣgār disdain, contempt, ‫ صفة‬ṣuffa pl. ‫ صفف‬ṣufaf (stone)
disregard molding; ledge 516
‫ تصاغر‬taṣāgur servility, toadying, ‫ صفاف‬ṣaffāf and ‫ صفاف الحروف‬type-
cringing, groveling setter, compositor
‫ صاغر‬ṣāgir low, lowly, despised, ‫ مَصف‬maṣaff pl. ‫ مَصاف‬maṣaff2 position
contemptible, humiliated, meek, dejected; (of an army); battle line; row, line, file;
submissive, servile; subject (‫ ل‬to s.o.) composing stick (typ.) │ ‫رفعه الى مَصاف‬
‫ مَصغر‬muṣaggar reduced, decreased, (with foll. genit.) to class s.o. with, put
diminished │ ‫( في صورة صغيرة‬ṣūra) on a s.o. on the same level with
reduced or small scale, in miniature; ‫فلم‬ ‫ صفح‬ṣafaḥa a (ṣafḥ) to broaden, widen, flatten,
‫( مَصغر‬film) microfilm beat into a leaf, foliate, plate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ )صغو‬and ‫ صغا )صغي‬ṣagā u (‫ صغو‬ṣagw, sugūw) pardon, forgive (‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.) II to
to incline, bend, lean (‫ الى‬to, toward); -- broaden, widen, flatten,
‫ صغي‬ṣagiya a (ṣagan, ṣugīy) to incline,
bend, lean (‫ الى‬to, toward); to listen (‫ ل‬to)
beat into a leaf, foliate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to roll ‫ صفاد‬ṣifād bond, tie, fetter │ ‫صفاد اليدين‬
out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to plate, overlay, or cover, ṣ. al-yadain manacle, handcuff
with metal plates (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to armor (‫هـ‬ 1
‫ صفر‬ṣafara i (‫ صفير‬ṣafīr) to whistle (bird,
s.th.); to equip, furnish, cover (‫ هـ ب‬s.th. person); to hiss (snake); to chirp,
with) ill to shake hands (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to stridulate (cricket); to seream (siren) II = I
greet (.s.o.); to touch (‫ هـ‬s.th.) lightly or
gently, graze (‫ هـ‬s.th.), brush, glide (‫ هـ‬over ‫ صفير‬ṣafīr whistling, whistle, etc. (see
s.th.), pass, blow (‫ هـ‬over s.th., of the above); high, thin tone (e.g., of a flute) │
wind, breath, etc.) │ ‫( صافح سمعه‬sam‘ahū) ‫ حروف الصفير‬sibilants; -- see also below
to reach s.o.’s ear V to leaf, thumb (‫ هـ‬a and alphabetically
book, etc.); to examine, scrutinize, regard, ‫ صفارة‬ṣaffāra pl. -āt whistle; siren │ ‫صف‬
study (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to shake hands X to ask ‫ ارة المَان‬ṣ. al-amān all-clear siren; ‫صفارة‬
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬forgiveness (‫ هـ‬for), apologize ( ‫هـ‬ ‫ النذار‬ṣ. al-indār warning siren
‫ ه‬to s.o. for) 2
‫ صفر‬II to dye yellow, make yellow, to yellow
‫ صفح‬ṣafḥ pardon, forgiveness; (pl. ‫صفاح‬ (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IX to turn yellow, to
ṣifāḥ) side, surface │ ‫ضرب )اضرب( عنه‬
‫ صفحا‬to turn away from s.o. or s.th., pass yellow; to pale, become pale │ ‫اصفر‬
over s.o. or s.th., ignore, snub, slight, ‫( وجهه‬wajhuhū) he grew pale, he turned
disregard s.o. or s.th., desist from s.th. white
‫ صفحة‬ṣafḥa pl. ṣafaḥāt outside, exterior; ‫ صفر‬ṣufr brass; money
plane, surface; page; leaf, sheet; phase ‫ صفر‬ṣafar jaundice
‫ صفيح‬ṣafīḥ broad side or surface; sheet ‫ صفرة‬ṣufra yellow color, yellowness,
iron; tin, tinplate; tin plates, tin sheets yellow; pallor, paleness (of the face) 517
‫ صفيحة‬ṣafīḥa pl. ‫ صفائح‬ṣafā’iḥ2 plate, ‫ صفار‬ṣafar yellow color, s.th. yellow;
sheet (of metal), leaf (of wood), slab, flag pallor, paleness │‫ صفار البيضة‬ṣ. al-baiḍa
(of stone), ledger stone (on a tomb); tin egg yolk
plate, tin sheet; can, jerry can │ ‫صفائح‬
‫ المصراع‬ṣ. al-miṣrā‘ door panel; O ‫صفائح‬ ‫ صفار‬ṣaffār pl. ‫ ة‬brass founder
‫ المقول‬ṣ. al-miqwal phonograph records, ‫ اصفر‬aṣfar2, f. ‫ صفراء‬ṣafrā’2, pl. ‫صفر‬
gramophone discs ṣufr yellow; pale, pallid, wan │ ‫ضحكة‬
‫ صفوح‬ṣafūhḥ forgiving, reedy to forgive ‫( صفراء‬ḍaḥka) forced, or embarrassed,
laugh; ‫( نحاس صفر‬nuḥās) brass
‫ صفاح‬ṣuffāḥ pl. -āt, ‫ صفافيح‬ṣafāfīḥ plate,
sheet, leaf; flagstone, stone slab ‫ صفراء‬ṣafrā’ bile, gall

‫ تصفيح‬taṣfīḥ plating ‫( صفير‬eg.) golden oriole (zool.)

‫ تصفح‬taṣaffuḥ examination, ‫ صفارية‬ṣufārīya golden oriole (zool.)


scrutinization, scrutiny, study ‫ صفراوي‬ṣafrāwī bilious; choleric │
‫ مَصفح‬muṣaffaḥ, shaped into plates or ‫( الحمى الصفراوية‬ḥummā) yellow fever;
thin layers, plated, foliated; armored, ‫( ضحكة صفراوية‬ḍaḥka) bitter, or sardonic,
armor clad, ironclad, metal-covered│ ‫خشب‬ laugh (= Fr. rire jaune)
‫( مَصفح‬kašab) plywood; ‫سيارة مَصفحة‬ ‫ اصفرار‬iṣfirār yellowing, yellow; pallor,
(sayyāra) armored car paleness (of the face)
‫ مَصفحة‬muṣaffaḥa pl. -āt armored car, ‫ مَصفر‬muṣfarr yellow-colored; pale,
armored reconnaissance car (mil.) pallid, wan
‫ صفد‬ṣafda i (ṣafd) to bind, fetter, shackle (‫ه‬ 3
‫ صفر‬ṣafira a (ṣafar, ‫ صفور‬ṣufūr) to be empty,
s.o.) II and IV = I be devoid, vacant (‫ مَن‬of) │ ‫صفرت يده مَن‬
‫ صفد‬ṣafad pl. ‫ اصفاد‬aṣfād bond, tie, ‫( الشيء‬ṣafirat yaduhū) to have lost s.th. II
fetter to empty, void, vacate, evacuate, free (‫هـ‬
s.th.) IV = II
‫ صفر‬ṣafr, ṣifr, ṣufr, ṣafir, ṣufur pl. ‫اصفار‬ ‫ صفاقة‬ṣafāqa impudence, insolence,
aṣfār empty, void, devoid, (‫ مَن‬of), free (‫مَن‬ brazenness
from) │ ‫ صفر اليدين‬ṣifr al-yadain empty- ‫ تصفيق‬taṣfīq hand clapping; applause,
handed acclaim │ ‫ تصفيق الَستحسان‬applause
‫ صفر‬ṣifr zero, naught; nothing ‫ صفاكس‬ṣafākis2 Sfax (aeaport in Tunisia) 518
‫ اصفر‬aṣfar empty, void 1
‫ صفن‬ṣafana i to stand with one foot (‫)ب‬
‫ مَصفر‬muṣfir empty-handed │ ‫مَصفر اليد‬ slightly raised; to pore, brood, ponder,
m. al-yad with an empty hand; ‫مَصفر اليد مَن‬ reflect, muse
‫ كل شيء‬without any possessions at all, ‫ صفن‬ṣafan pl. ‫ اصفان‬aṣfān scrotum
completely destitute
2
4 ‫ صفين‬ṣafīn (Juniperus Sabina; bot.)
‫ صفر‬ṣafar pl. ‫ اصفار‬aṣfār Safar, name of the
second month of the Mohammedan year (‫ صفا )صفو‬ṣafā u (ṣafw, ṣufūw, ‫ صفاء‬ṣafā’) to be
1 or become clear, unpolluted, limpid,
‫ صفصف‬ṣafṣaf (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a variety of cloudless, untroubled, serene, undisturbed,
willow (Salix Safsaf F.; bot.) pure; ‫ صفا لـ‬to apply o.s. to s.th. with clear
2
‫ صفصف‬ṣafṣaf even, level; waste, desolate, intent, devote o.s. wholeheartedly to, be
barren, empty │ ‫ قاع صفصف‬wasteland, completely given to, be solely
desolate area; ‫ جعله قاعا صفصفا‬to devastate preoccupied with, be exclusively ready for
s.th., lay s.th. waste (heart, mind) II to make clear, limpid,
pure, clarify, clear, purify (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ صفع‬ṣafa‘a a (ṣaf‘) to cuff, buffet, slap lightly (
settle, straighten out (‫ مَسألة‬mas’alatan a
‫ ه‬s.o.); to slap s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬face, box s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
question, a problem); to remove the water,
ears; to violate (‫ هـ‬a rule) VI to slap one
pour off the water (‫ هـ‬from s.th., e.g., in
another
cooking; also ‫ ;) صفاه مَن الماء‬to rid of
‫ صفعة‬ṣaf‘a (n. vic.) slap, cuff, smack; moisture, dry out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to clarify,
blow purify, rectify (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ مَن‬by removing
‫ صفاع‬ṣaffā‘ pl. -ūn a kind of buffoon s.th.); to filter, strain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to settle,
pay, liquidate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to realize (‫هـ‬
‫ صفق‬ṣafaqa i (ṣafq) to slap, smack (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., assets) III to be sincere (‫ ه‬toward s.o), deal
s.th.); to aet into motion (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to flap, honestly (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV = III (‫ ه‬or ‫)ل‬: to
clap; to shut, slam, bang (‫ هـ‬a door); -- be no longer in a position (to ), posses no
ṣafuqa u (‫ صفاقة‬ṣafāqa) to be thick, heavy, longer, forfeit; to cease composing poetry
close in texture (cloth) II to flap, clap, (poet) │ ‫ اصفاه بالشيء‬to have s.o. in mind
smack; to clap one’s hands (also ‫)بيديه‬, for s.th., choose, select, or single out s.o.
applaud (‫ ل‬s.o.); to flap (‫ ب‬the wings) for s.th.. grant s.o. s.th. in preference to
‫ صفقة‬ṣafqa pl. ṣafaqāt handclasp (in others, bestow upon s.o. s.th. (‫دون فلن‬
concluding a deal); conclusion of a which others do not have) VI to be sincere
contract (Isl. Law); deal, bargain, toward one another, be honest with one
transaction │ ‫ صفقة خاسرة‬poor deal, bad another, be of pure intent toward one
bargain; ‫ صفقة رابحة‬favorable deal, good another VIII to choose, select (‫ ه‬s.o.) X =
bargain; ‫ صفقة واحدة‬ṣafqatan wāḥidatan all VIII; to deem (‫ هـ‬s.th.) clear or pure │ ‫است‬
at once, wholly, entirely, altogether; ‫اعطى‬ ‫ صفى مَاله‬to realize all one’s assets; to
‫( صفقة‬a‘ṭā), ‫ عقد صفقة‬to conclude a bargain, confiscate s.o.’s property
effect a transaction; ‫عاد )رجع( بصفقة المغبون‬ ‫ صفو‬ṣafw clearness, clarity, limpidity,
to lose the game, return empty-handed; untroubledness, cloudlessness, serenity,
‫ كانت له الصفقة الخاسرة‬do. purity, sheerness; happiness, felicity,
‫ صفاق‬ṣifāq pl. ‫ صفق‬ṣufuq dermis pleasure, delight; clear, limpid;
underskin; peritoneum untroubled, undisturbed, serene, pure,
sheer
‫ صفيق‬ṣafīq pl. ‫ صفاق‬ṣifāq thick, heavy,
close in texture (cloth) │ ‫ صفيق الوجه‬ṣ. al- ‫ صفوة‬ṣafwa the best, or choicest, part,
wajh impudent, insolent, brazen prime, cream, flower, elite, quintessence
‫ صفا‬ṣafan (coll.: n. un. ‫ صفاة‬ṣafāh pl. ‫صف‬ ‫ مَصف‬muṣaffin official receiver,
‫ وات‬ṣafawāt) stone(s), rock(s) receiver in equity; clarifier, clarifying
agent
‫ صفوان‬ṣafwān stones, rocks
‫ مَصفى‬muṣaffan purified, pure, clear,
‫ صفوة‬ṣifwa sincere friend, best friend,
limpid, cloudless
bosom friend
‫ مَصطفى‬mušṭafan chosen, selected; ‫المص‬
‫ صفاء‬ṣafā’ clearness, clarity, limpidity,
‫ طفى‬epithet of Mohammed
untroubledness, cloudlessness, serenity,
purity, sheerness; happiness, felicity, ‫ صفير‬ṣafīr sapphire
serenity, gaiety, cheerfulness; sincerity, ‫( صقالة‬It. scala) ṣaqāla pl. ‫ صقائل‬ṣaqā’il2
candor, honesty │ ‫ ساعات صفاء‬pleasant scaffold; gangway, gangplank
time, delightful hours
‫ صقب‬III to approach (‫ ه‬s.o.), go or come near (‫ه‬
‫ صفى‬ṣafīy clear, limpid, untroubled, s.o.); to be neighbor (‫ ه‬with s.o.), be
undisturbed, serene, cloudless, pure, adjacent (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), adjoin (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
sheer; (pl. ‫ اصفياء‬aṣfiyā’2) sincere friend,
best friend, bosom friend O ‫ مَصاقبة‬muṣāqaba affinity
1
‫ صفية‬ṣafīya pl. ‫ صفايا‬ṣalafīya leader’s ‫ صقر‬ṣaqr pl. ‫ صقور‬ṣuqūr, ‫ اصقر‬aṣqur saker,
share of the loot; lion’s share of the booty falcon, hawk
2
‫ مَصفى‬maṣfan refinery ‫ صاقور‬ṣaqūr stone axe
‫ مَصفى‬miṣfan sieve ‫ صقع‬ṣaqa‘a a (ṣaq‘, ‫ صقاع‬ṣuqā‘) to crow
(rooster); pass. ṣuqi‘a to be covered with
‫ مَصفاة‬miṣfāh pl. ‫ مَصاف‬maṣāfin strainer, hoarfrost (ground) II to be icy, ice-cold,
colander, filter; strainer cloth; sieve; frozen
refinery, purification plant │ ‫مَصفاة القهوة‬
coffee filter, percolator ‫ صقع‬ṣuq‘ pl. ‫ اصقاع‬aṣqā‘ area, region,
country, district, locality, land │ ‫الصقاع‬
‫ تصفية‬taṣfiya pl. -āt clarification, ‫( المتجمدة الجنوبية‬mutajammida, janūbīya)
clearance, purification (also fig.); filtering, the Antarctic
filtration; elimination (also in sports);
settlement, straightening out, adjustment; ‫ صقعة‬ṣaq‘a frost, severe cold
clearing (com.); liquidation (com.); ‫ صقيع‬saqī‘ frost; ice; hoarfrost
clearance sale │ ‫ تصفية الحسابات‬t. al-ḥisābāt
settlement of accounts; ‫مَأمَور التصفية‬ ‫ اصقع‬asqa‘2 more eloquent
official receiver, receiver in equity ‫ مَصقع‬miṣqa‘ pl. ‫ مَصاقع‬maṣāqi‘
‫ مَصافاة‬muṣāfāh cordiality, concord, eloquent; loud-voiced, having a stentorian
harmony; good will, sincere attitude or voice
disposition 519 1
‫ صقل‬ṣaqala u (ṣaql, ‫ صقال‬ṣiqāl) to smooth,
‫ تصاف‬taṣāfin peaceful settlement, polish, burnish, cut (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to refine (‫هـ‬
compromise (‫ بين‬between) style, taste, and the like) VII to become
smooth
‫ اصطفاء‬iṣṭifā’ selection (also biol.)
‫ صقل‬ṣaqala u polishing, burnishing │
‫ استصطفاء‬istiṣfā’: ‫اصطفاء المَوال‬ ‫ صقل الذهان‬mental training
sequestration of property
‫ صقيل‬ṣaqīl polished, burnished; smooth,
‫ صاف‬ṣāfin clear, limpid; sheer, pure, shiny, glossy
straight, unmixed, undiluted,
unadulterated; untroubled, undisturbed; ‫ صقال‬ṣaqqāl polisher. smoother
serene; pure; net │ ‫ صافى النية‬ṣ. an-nīya ‫ صيقل‬ṣaiqal pl. -āt ‫ مَصاقل‬maṣāqil2
sincere, candid, openhearted; ‫صافي الحمولة‬ polisher, smoother
net tonnage; ‫ صافى الرباح‬net profit
‫ مَصقلة‬miṣqala pl. ‫ مَصاقل‬maṣāqil2
burnisher (tool)
‫ مَصقول‬maṣqūl polished, burnished; cut ‫ صلبة‬ṣalāba hardness, callousness;
(glass, and the like); acute, refined (wit) hardening, induration; firmness, solidity,
2 stiffness, rigidity; stubbornness, obstinacy,
‫ صقالة‬look up alphabetically
unyieldingness; intolerance │ ‫ صلبة العود‬ṣ.
‫ صقلب‬ṣaqlab pl. ‫ صقالبة‬ṣaqāliba Slav al-‘ūd sternness, severity, hardness,
‫ صقلية‬ṣiqillīya Sicily obstinacy, stubbornness, inflexibility,
2
relentlessness
‫ صك‬ṣakka u (ṣakk) to beat, strike; to shut,
lock (‫ هـ‬the door) │ ‫ صكت به الذان‬his ears ‫ تصلب‬taṣallub hardness, callousness,
were tingling or ringing; ‫صك سمعه‬ hardening │ ‫ تصلب الشرابين‬t. aš-šarābīn
(sam‘ahū) to strike s.o.’s ear (noise); to arteriosclerosis
roar in s.o.’s ears VIII to knock together, ‫ مَتصلب‬mutaṣallib unyielding,
shake, tremble, (knees), chatter (teeth) inflexible, relentless, hard
2
‫ صك‬ṣakk pl. ‫ صكوك‬ṣukūk, ‫ صكاك‬ṣikāk, ‫اصك‬ 2
‫ صلب‬ṣalaba i (ṣalb) to crucify (‫ ه‬s.o.) II = I; to
aṣukk (instrunlent of) contract (Isl. Law); make the sign of the cross (‫ على‬over); to
legal instrument, document, deed; check, cross o.s.; to cross, fold (‫ هـ‬one’s arms)
cheque
‫ صلب‬ṣulb crucifixion
1
‫ صلة‬see ‫وصل‬
‫ صليب‬ṣalīb pl. ‫ صلبان‬ṣulbān, ‫ صلب‬ṣulub
2
‫ صل‬ṣalla i (‫ صليل‬ṣalīl) to ring, clink, clank, cross │ ‫( الصليب الجنويب‬janūbī) the
clatter, rattle Southern Cross (astron.); ‫ الصليب الحمر‬the
‫ صل‬ṣill pl. ‫ اصلل‬aṣlāl, ‫ صلل‬ṣilāl a Red Cross; ‫ صليب مَعقوف‬swastika; ‫شارة‬
variety of venomous adder, viper ‫ الصليب‬and ‫ اشارة الصليب‬sign of the cross
(Chr.); ‫‘ عود الصليب‬ūd aṣ-ṣ. peony
‫ صليل‬ṣalīl rattle, clatter, clash (e.g., of (Paeonis; bot.)
weapons), jingling (of coins) 521
1
‫ صليبي‬ṣalībī: ‫ الحروب الصليبية‬the
‫ صلب‬ṣaluba u (‫ صلابة‬ṣalāba) and ṣaliba a to crusades; ‫ الصليبيون‬the crusaders
be or become hard, firm, solid, stiff, or
rigid, solidify, harden, set, stiffen II to ‫ صلبوت‬ṣalbūt (representation of the)
make hard, firm, solid, stiff, or rigid, crucifixion, crucifix
harden, solidify, stiffen, indurate (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., ‫ مَصلب‬muṣallab crossing, interjunction
s.th.); to support, prop, shore up (A s.th.); (of roads)
to harden (‫ هـ‬the heart) V = I; to show o.s.
‫ صلت‬ṣaluta u (‫ صلوتة‬ṣulūta) to be glossy, be
hard or severe
smooth and shining IV to draw, unsheathe
‫ صلب‬ṣulb hard, firm, solid, stiff, rigid; (‫ السيف‬as-saifa the sword); pass. uṣlita to
steel; -- (pl. ‫ اصلب‬aṣlub, ‫ اصلاب‬aṣlāb) be drawn (sword)
spinal column, backbone; loins; -- text, 1
‫ صلج‬ṣullaj (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt cocoon,
body (of a book, and the like) │ ‫صلب‬ chrysalis of the silkworm
‫ الرأي‬ṣ. ar-ra’y obstinate, stubborn, 2
‫ صولجان‬look up alphabetically
headstrong, opinionated; ‫ صلب الرقبة‬ṣ. ar-
raqaba do.; ‫ صلب العود‬ṣ. al-‘ūd of robust ‫ صلح‬ṣalaḥa u a (‫ صلاح‬ṣalāḥ, ‫صلوح‬
physique, strongly built, husky, sturdy; ṣulūḥ, ‫ مَصلحة‬maṣlaḥa) and ṣaluḥa u (‫صلاح‬
stubborn, resistant, unbending, unyielding, ṣalāḥ, ‫ صلاحية‬ṣaāḥīya) to be good, right,
relentless; ‫( هو ابن صلبه‬ibn ṣulbihī) and ‫هو‬ proper, in order, righteous, pious, godly;
‫ مَن صلبه‬he is his own son, his offspring; to be well, thrive; to be usable, useful,
‫( درامَة مَستخرجة مَن صلب الحياة‬mustakraja practicable, serviceable, fitting, suitable,
min ṣulbi l-ḥayāh) a drama taken from or appropriate (‫ ل‬for), lend itself (‫ ل‬to),
real life; ‫ في صلبه‬at heart, in his innermost suit, match (‫ ل‬s.th.), fit (‫ مَع‬s.th. or s.o.),
apply (‫ مَع‬to s.o. or s.th.); to be admissible,
‫ صلبة‬ṣulba: ‫ صلبة العين‬ṣ. al-4ain sclera
permissible (‫ مَع‬in, at, with); to be valid.
(anat.)
hold true (‫ ل‬for) II to put in order, settle,
‫ صليب‬ṣalīb hard, firm, solid, stiff, rigid adjust, restore, restitute (‫ هـ‬s.th.), make
amends, compensate (‫ هـ‬for); to mend, ‫ ذات صلحية‬competent authorities; ‫مَطلق‬
improve, ameliorate, fix, repair (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ الصلاحية‬muṭlaq aṣ-ṣ. plenipotentiary (dipl.)
III to make peace, become reconciled, ‫ صلوحية‬ṣalūḥīya = ‫ صلاحية‬ṣalāḥīya
make up, reach a compromise or
settlement (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to foster peace (‫بين‬ ‫ اصلح‬aṣlaḥ2 better, more proper, more
between), reconcile (‫ بين‬people) IV to put correct; more pious, godlier; fitter, more
in order, settle, adjust (‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.), suitable
overhaul, restore, restitute, rebuild, ‫ مَصلحة‬maṣlaḥa pl. ‫ مَصالح‬maṣāliḥ2
reconstruct; to make amends, compensate matter, affair; requirement. exigency; that
(‫ مَن‬or 521 ‫ هـ‬for); to mend, improve, which is beneficial, helpful, or promoting;
ameliorate, fix, repair (‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to advantage, benefit, interest, good, welfare;
make suitable or fitting, adjust, modify (‫هـ‬ office, authority, department,
s.th.); to reform (‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to remove, governmental agency, administration
remedy (‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make arable or (chiefly Eg.) │ ‫مَصلحة الثار المصرية‬
cultivable, reclaim, cultivate, till, (‫ هـ‬land); (miṣrīya) Administration of Egyptian
to further, promote, encourage (‫ ه‬s.o.), Antiquities; ‫ مَصالح المَة‬m. al-umma the
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) thrive or prosper, bring good welfare of the people; ‫ مَصلحة البريد‬postal
luck (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to make peace (‫بين‬ administration; ‫ مَصلحة الحدود‬administrative
between), bring together (‫ بين‬people), agency for the territories outside the
bring about an agreement (‫ بين‬between), cultivated area (Eg.); ‫المصالح الحكومَية‬
conciliate (‫ بين‬people) VI to make peace, (ḥukūmīya) the governmental agencies;
make up, become reconciled with one ‫ مَصلحة الصحة‬m. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa health office; ‫المص‬
another VII to be put in order, be righted, ‫‘( لحة العامَة‬āmma) public welfare,
be corrected, be improved, be ameliorated commonweal; ‫ في مَصلحة فلن‬in s.o.’s
VIII = VI; to agree (‫ على‬on), accept, adopt interest; ‫( في المصلحة والمفسدة‬mafsada) in
(‫ على‬s.th.) X to deem (‫ ه‬s.th.) good, proper, good and bad times, for better or for
suitable, fitting, usable, useful, worse; ‫ لمصلحة فلن‬in s.o.’s favor, for the
practicable, or serviceable; to make benefit of s.o., to s.o.’s advantage, on
arable, cultivable, reclaim (‫ هـ‬land) behalf of s.o., in s.o.’s interest; ‫خدم مَصالح‬
‫ صلح‬ṣulḥ peace, (re)conciliation, ‫ فلن‬to serve s.o.’s interests
settlement, composition, compromise; ‫ مَصلحي‬maṣlaḥī administrational,
peace (pol.), peacemaking, conclusion of official, governmental
peace │ ‫( حاكم الصلح‬Syr.) justice of the
peace; ‫ قاضي الصلح‬do.; ‫قضوية الصلح‬ ‫ تصليح‬taṣlīḥ restoration, restitution,
qaḍawīyat aṣ-ṣ. jurisdiction of the ‫قاضي‬ mending, fixing, overhauling, repair,
‫الصلح‬ improvement, amelioration
‫ صلحي‬ṣulḥī of peace, peace (adj.); ‫ مَصالحة‬muṣālaḥa peace, conciliation;
arbitrative, arbitrational, arbitration (in compromise; composition, settlement
compounds) │ ‫( لجنة صلحية‬lajna) ‫ اصلاح‬iṣlāḥ pl. -āt restoration,
arbitration committee restitution, redressing, reparation;
‫ صلاح‬ṣalāḥ goodness, properness, improvement, amelioration, betterment,
rightness; usability, practicability, mending, correction; reconstruction;
usefulness; righteousness, probity, piety, reconditioning, repair; renovation,
godliness refurbishing; adjustment, settling,
remedying, removal, elimination;
‫ صلحية‬ṣalāḥīya suitability, fitness, restoration of 522 order, establishment of
appropriateness, aptness; efficiency; peace, happiness and order; reformation,
usability, practicability, usefulness, use, reform; reclamation, cultivation (of land);
worth; serviceability, proper or working (re)conciliation, settlement, compromise,
condition (e.g., of a machine); peacemaking (‫ بين‬between)
competence; validity. applicability; (pl.
-āt) full or mandatory power. power of ‫ اصلاحي‬iṣlāḥī reformatory,
attorney, also ‫( صلحية تامَة‬tāmma) │ ‫جهات‬ reformational, reform- (in compounds);
reformer, reformist │ ‫مَعهد اصلاحي‬ ‫ صلودة‬ṣulūda hardness, firmness,
(ma‘had) reformatory, house of correction solidity (of the ground)
‫ اصلاحية‬iṣlāḥīya revisionism, reformism; ‫( صلصة‬It. salsa) ṣalṣa pl. -āt and ‫ صلص‬sauce
(pl. -āt) reformatory, house of correction │ ‫ صلصة مَايونيز‬mayonnaise
‫ تصالح‬taṣāluḥ (re)conciliation ‫ صلصل‬ṣalṣala to ring, clink, clank; to clatter,
rattle, II taṣalṣala do.
‫ اصطلاح‬iṣṭilāḥ pl. -āt agreement,
convention, practice, usage; (colloquial, ‫ صلصلة‬ṣalṣala clank(ing), clatter(ing),
linguistic) usage; technical term, terminus clash, rattle
technicus ‫ صلصال‬ṣalsāl dry clay, argillaceous
‫ اصطلاحي‬iṣṭilāḥī conventional; technical earth
(of a term) ‫ مَصلطح‬muṣalṭaḥ = ‫ مَسلطح‬shallow, shoal, flat
‫ استصلاح‬istiṣlāḥ reclamation, cultivation ‫ صلع‬ṣali‘a a (ṣala‘) to be bald
‫ صالح‬ṣāliḥ good, right, proper, sound; ‫ صلع‬ṣala‘ baldness
thorough, substantial, downright, out-and-
out, solid; virtuous, pious, devout, godly; ‫ صلعة‬ṣul‘a, ṣala‘a bald pate, bald head
usable, useful, practicable, serviceable, ‫ اصلع‬aṣla‘2, ‫ صلعاء‬ṣal‘ā’2, pl. ‫ صلع‬ṣul‘,
fitting, suitable, appropriate (‫ ل‬for); (pl. ‫ص‬ ‫ صلعان‬ṣul‘ān bald(-headed)
‫ والح‬ṣawāliḥ) advantage, benefit, interest,
good, welfare │ ‫( السلف الصالح‬salaf) the ‫ صلعم‬abbreviation of the eulogy following the
worthy ancestors, the venerable name of the Prophet Mohammed: ‫صلى ا‬
forefathers; ‫( صالح السير‬sair) passable, ‫( عليه وسلم‬ṣallā, ṣallam) God bless him and
practicable (road); ‫‘( صالح للعمل‬amal) fit grant him salvation!
for action, ready for use, serviceable, ‫ صلف‬ṣalifa a (ṣalaf) to boast, brag, bluster,
practicable; valid (‫ ل‬for), applicable (‫ ل‬to); swagger V = I
‫‘( الصالح العام‬āmm) public welfare,
commonweal; ‫( في صالح‬with foll. genit.) in ‫ صلف‬ṣalaf vainglory, bragging,
favor of, for the benefit of, to the boasting, conceit, arrogance, pomposity,
advantage of, in the interest of s.o. or s.th.; self-importance 523
‫ لصالح‬do.; ‫ كان مَن صالحه‬it was in his ‫ صلف‬ṣalif pl. ‫ صلفاء‬ṣulafā’2
interest; ‫( صوالح شخصية‬šakṣīya) personal vainglorious, bragging, boastful, showing
interests off, pompous, blustering, swagering;
‫ الصالحات‬aṣ-ṣāliḥāt the good works, the braggart, boaster, show-off, swaggerer,
good deeds fourflusher

‫ مَصالح‬muṣāliḥ peacemaker, conciliator ‫ تصلف‬taṣalluf vainglory, bragging,


boasting, conceit, arrogance, pomposity,
‫ مَصلح‬muṣliḥ peacemaker, conciliator; self-importance
reformer, reformist; salt
‫ مَتصلف‬mutaṣallif vainglorious,
‫ مَصطلح‬muṣṭalaḥ and ‫مَصطلح عليه‬ bragging, boastful, showing off, pompous,
generally accepted, universally followed, blustering, swagering
commonly established, conventional,
customary; (pl. -āt technical term, ‫ صلو‬II to perform the salat (‫ صلوة‬see below),
terminus techniques pray, worship │ ‫ صلى بالناس‬to lead people
in prayer; ‫ صلى على‬to pray for; (of God) to
‫ صلد‬ṣalada (‫ صلادة‬ṣalāda, ‫ صلودة‬ṣulūda) to be bless s.o.: ‫( صلى ا عليه وسلم‬sallam) God
or become hard, firm, solid, compact bless him and grant him salvation! (eulogy
(ground) IV = I after the name of the Prophet Mohammed)
‫ صلد‬ṣald pl. ‫ اصلاد‬aṣlād hard, firm, ‫ صلة‬,‫ صلوة‬ṣalāh pl. ‫ صلوات‬ṣalawāt
solid, dry, barren, arid (ground); rigid, salat, the official Islamic prayer ritual;
lifeless, inert intercession, intercessory prayer,
benediction; blessing, grace (of God) │
‫( الصلة الربانية‬rabbānīyra) the Lord’s most sincerely; ‫ في صميم‬... amid, in; ‫ضربه‬
prayer; ‫ صلة التراويح‬a prayer performed ‫ في الصميم‬to affect s.o. to the very core,
during the nights of Ramadan; ‫صلة الستار‬ touch s.o. most deeply
vesper prayer (Chr.) ‫ صميمي‬cordial, hearty
‫ مَصل‬muṣallin prayer, worshiper ‫ اصم‬aṣamm2, f. ‫ صماء‬ṣammā’2, pl. ‫صم‬
‫ مَصلى‬muṣallan place of prayer, oratory ṣumm, ‫ صمان‬ṣummān deaf; hard and solid,
massive (rock); ‫ الصم‬the deaf one, epithet
‫ صلون‬ṣalūn salon, parlor, reception room
of the month of Rajab │ ‫( فعل اصم‬fi‘l)
‫ صلى‬ṣallā i (ṣaly) to roast, broil, fry (‫ هـ‬s.th.); triliteral verb with identical second and
-- ṣaliya a (ṣalan, ṣulīy, ‫ صلء‬ṣilā’) to burn third radical, verbum mediae geminatae
(intr.; ‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬in); to be exposed to the (gram.); ‫( اصم اصلخ‬aṣlak) stone-deaf; ‫جذر‬
blaze of (‫ ب‬or ‫ )هـ‬II to warm, heat (‫ب هـ‬ ‫( اصم‬jadr) irrational or surd root (math.),
s.th. with or on) IV = II (‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. on or ‫ آلة صماء‬willing tool
with); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) burn (‫ هـ‬in. esp. ‫النار‬
‫ تصميم‬taṣmīm determination (‫ على‬for, to
in the fire) │ ‫( اصله نارا مَن الغيرة‬gaira) to
do s.th.), resolution, decision; resolute 524
make s.o. undergo the most excruciating
action; tenacious pursuit (of a plan);
pangs of jealousy; ‫ اصله نارا‬to set s.th. on
planning, projecting; design, designing
fire; to fire at s.o. or s.th. (mil.) V to warm
(e.g., of a dress); (pl. –āt, ‫ تصامَيم‬taṣāmīm2)
o.s., seek warmth (‫ ب‬at, by, ‫ بالنار‬by the
plan; design; sketch│‫مَن تصميم فلن‬
fire) VIII = V│‫( لَ يصطلى بناره‬yuṣṯalā bi-
designed by so-and so
nārihī) invincible, a great hero
‫ مَصمم‬muṣammim determined (‫ على‬to do
‫ مَصطلى‬muṣṯalan fireplace
s.th.)│‫ مَصمم الَزياء‬fashion creator, designer
‫ صم‬ṣamma (1st pers. perf. ṣamimtu) a (ṣamm,
‫ صمت‬ṣamata u (ṣamt, ‫ صموت‬ṣumūt) to be
‫صمم‬ṣamam) to be or become deaf; --
silent, be taciturn, hold one’s tongue, hush
ṣamma (1st pers. perf. ṣamamtu) u (ṣamm)
up, be or become quiet or still II to silence
to close, plug, cork, stopper (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a
(‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II
bottle) II to deafen (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make up
one’s mind (‫ على‬to do s.o.); to make up ‫ صمت‬ṣamt silence │ ‫ في صمت‬silently,
one’s mind (‫ على‬to do s.th.), determine ( quietly
‫ على‬upon, to do s.th.), resolve, be ‫ صموت‬ṣumūt silence; pl. of act.
determined (‫ على‬to do s.th.), decide (‫على‬ participle ‫صامَت‬
on, to do s.th.); to persist (‫ على‬in); to
deoign (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to plan (‫ هـ‬s.th.), design ( ‫ صموت‬ṣamūt silent, taciturn
‫ هـ ل‬s.th. for) IV to be or become deaf; to ‫ صامَت‬ṣāmit pl. ‫ صموت‬ṣumūt silent │
deafen (‫ ه‬s.o.), make (. s.o.) deaf (‫ عن‬,‫ هـ‬to ‫ سينما صامَتة‬silent film
s.th.) VI to give a deaf ear (‫ عن‬to)
‫ مَصمت‬muṣammat uniform (color);
‫ صمة‬ṣimma plug, cork, stopper plain, unpatterned, blank (wall); uniform
‫ صمم‬deafness │‫ كان في صمم عن‬to be deaf in texture, made of a single material;
to s.th. massive, solid, not hollow, compact
‫ صمام‬ṣimām pl. -āt plug, cork, stopper; ‫ صماخ‬ṣimàk pl. ‫ اصمخة‬aṣmika auditory meatus
valve, tube (radio) │ (‫ صمام المَان )المَن‬s. ‫ صمد‬ṣamada u (ṣamd) to betake o.s., repair, go
al-amān (al-amn) safety valve; O ‫صمام‬ (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to, into, toward), to turn,
‫ التقويم‬rectifier tube; ‫ رفع الصمام عن‬to let s.th. apply o.s. (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.th.); -- (‫صمود‬
take its course, give free rein to s.th. (also ṣumūd) to defy, hrave, withstand (‫في وجهه‬
to a feeling) fī wajhihī or ‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.), to stand up ( ‫في‬
O ‫ صمامَة‬ṣammāma embolism (med.) ‫ وجهه‬or ‫ ل‬against s.o. or s.th.), resist,
oppose (‫ في وجهه‬or ‫ الى‬s.o. or s.th.); to hold
‫ صميم‬ṣamīm innermost, heart; core, out (‫ في وجهه‬or ‫ ل‬against); -- i to close,
essence, marrow, pith; true, sincere, plug, cork, stopper (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a bottle)
genuine │ ‫( مَن صميم القلب‬ṣ. il-qalb) from II to betake o.s., repair, go (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ هـ‬to,
the bottom of the heart, wholeheartedly,
toward), to close, plug, cork, stopper (‫هـ‬ ‫ صنبور‬ṣanbūr pl. ‫ صنابير‬ṣanābīr2 (water)
s.th., e.g., a bottle), to save, lay by faucet, tap
(money) III to come to blows, fight (‫ ه‬with ‫ صنبر‬look up alphabetically
s.o.)
‫ صنتيم‬ṣantīm pl. -āt centime (1/100 franc)
‫ صمد‬ṣamad lord; eternal, everlasting
1
(epithet of God) ‫ صنج‬ṣanj pl. ‫ صنوج‬ṣunūj cymbal (mus.)
2
‫ صمدانى‬ṣamadānī eternal, everlasting ‫ صنجة‬ṣinja = 1‫سنجة‬
3
‫ صمادة‬ṣimāda (ir.) headcloth (worn by ‫ صنجات‬ṣanajāt castanets
men) ‫ صنجقية‬ṣanjaqīya see ‫سنجق‬
‫ صمصم‬ṣamṣama to persist (‫ فى‬in) ‫ صنديد‬ṣindīd pl. ‫ صناديد‬ṣanādīd leader, notable;
‫ صومَعة‬ṣauma‘a pl. ‫ صوامَع‬ṣawāmi‘2 monk’s brave, valiant
cell, hermitage; silo (for grain storage); ‫ صندوق‬ṣundūq, ṣandūq pl. ‫ صناديق‬ṣanādīq2
(mor.) minaret crate, box; chest; trunk, suitcase; case,
‫ صمغ‬II to gum (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to paste, glue (‫ هـ‬s.th.) cabinet; money box; till, coffer; pay
IV to exude gum (tree) office, treasurer’s office; any public
institution where funds are deposited and
‫ صمغ‬samg pl. ‫ صموغ‬ṣumūg gum, resin disbursed for a special purpose (e.g., sick
│ ‫ صمغ سائل‬mucilage; ‫‘( صمغ عربي‬arabī) fund, health insurance, etc.) │ ‫صندوق البريد‬
gum arabic; ‫ صمغ اللك‬s. al-lakk shellac; post-office box; ‫ صندوق المكاتب‬mailbox;
‫( صمغ مَرن‬marin) rubber, caoutchouc; ‫صمغ‬ ‫ صندوق النقد الدولي‬ṣ. an-naqd ad-duwalī
‫( هندي‬hindī) do.; ‫ شجر الصمغ‬šajar aṣ-ṣ. International Monetary Fund; ‫صندوق التوفير‬
rubber trees savings bank; ‫( ابو الصندوق‬eg.) hunchback;
‫ صمغي‬ṣamgī gummy, gummiferous, ‫ امَين الصندوق‬treasurer; ‫ دفتر الصندوق‬daftar
gumlike, mucilaginous aṣ-ṣ. cashbook
‫ تصميغ‬taṣmīg gumming; resinification ‫ صندل‬ṣandal sandalwood; sandals; (pl. ‫صنادل‬
1 ṣanādil2) (freight) barge; lighter, barge
‫ صمل‬ṣamala u (ṣaml) to be firm, be hard, hold
one’s ground, stand firm, hold out, last, ‫ صنارة‬look up alphabetically
endure 1
‫ صنع‬ṣana‘a a (ṣan‘, ṣun‘, ‫ صنيع‬ṣanī‘) to do,
‫ صمل‬ṣaml rigidity, stiffness, │ ‫صمل جيفي‬ make (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to arrange, stage, put on (‫هـ‬
(jīfī) rigor mortis s.th.); to produce, build, manufacture,
2 fabricate, design (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to work, treat,
‫ صمولة‬ṣamūla pl. ‫ صوامَل‬ṣawāmil2, ‫صامَو‬
process (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ صنع اليه مَعروفا‬to do s.o.
‫ لة‬ṣāmūla pl. ‫ صوامَيل‬ṣawāmīl2 nut (of a
a favor; ‫ صنع مَعه جميل‬do.; ‫ صنع به هـ‬to do
bolt), rivet
s.th. to s.o.; ‫ صنع به صنيعا قبيحا‬to do s.o. a
‫ صملاخ‬ṣimlāk pl. ‫ صماليخ‬ṣamālīk2 earwax, dirty trick II to industrialize (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ill to
cerumen cooperate, go along (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with); to flatter,
‫ صمى‬IV to deal (‫ ه‬s.o.) a fatal blow, to hit (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ cajole (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bribe (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with) V to
s.o., s.th.) fatally │ ‫ رمَى فاصمى‬ramā fa- pretend, feign, stimulate, fake, sham,
aṣmā to shoot and hit, shoot dead on the affect (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to speak or write in an
spot artificial, affected, stilted, or mannered
way; to use means for enhancing her
‫ صن‬ṣann basket beauty (woman) VIII to order,
‫ صنة‬ṣinna odor emanating from the commission (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to create (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
armpit synthetically; to produce, manufacture,
make, fabricate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pretend, feign,
‫ صنان‬ṣunān odor emanating from the fake, assume falsely (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to invent (‫هـ‬
armpit s.th.); to make (‫ ل ه‬s.th. into), take, use ( ‫ل‬
‫ صنارة‬ṣinnāra pl. ‫ صنانير‬ṣanānīr2 hook, ‫ هـ‬s.th. for); to commit, bind (‫ ل ه‬s.o. to) X
fishhook 525 to have (‫ ه‬s.o.) make (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ صنع‬ṣan‘, ṣan‘ production, ‫ تصنع‬taṣannu‘ hypocrisy, dissimulation,
manufacture, fabrication, making, design, dissemblement; affectedness affectation,
make, workmanship │ ‫ صنع اليد‬ṣ. al-yad mannerism
handwork; ‫ بديع الصنع‬badī‘ aṣ-ṣan‘ of ‫ اصطناع‬iṣṭinā‘ production, making
wonderful workmanship
‫ اصطناعي‬iṣṭinā‘ī artificial, synthetic,
‫ صنعي‬ṣan‘ī artificial, synthetic imitation
‫ صنع‬ṣun‘ benefit, favor ‫ صانع‬ṣāni‘ pl. ‫ صناع‬ṣunnā‘ maker,
‫ صنعة‬ṣan‘a work, workmanship, producer, manufacturer, creator; artisan,
making, manufacture, fabrication; art; craftsman; worker, workman, laborer;
technical skill, artistic skill; work, craft, servant
trade, business, occupation, vocation, ‫ مَصنوع‬product, produce; pl. ‫مَصنوعات‬
profession │‫ صاحب الصنعة‬artisan, (industrial) products, produce, articles,
craftsman; expert, specialist manufactured goods
‫ صناع‬ṣanā‘: ‫ صناع اليد‬ṣ. al-yad skillful, ‫ مَتصنع‬mutaṣanni‘ subtilizing,
skilled, dexterous, deft overrefining; affected, stilted, mannered
‫ صناعة‬ṣinā‘a pl. -āt, ‫ صنائع‬ṣanā’i‘2 art, ‫ مَصطنع‬muṣṭana‘ artificial, synthetic;
skill; occupation, vocation, calling, affected, simulated, imitated, sham,
business, profession; handicraft; trade,
craft; industry; pl. branches of industry, bogus, phony │ ‫( مَفتاح مَصطنع‬miftāḥ)
industries │ ‫ صناعة شريفة‬honorable, duplicate key, masterkey
respectable trade; ‫ ارباب الصناعات‬the 2
‫ صنعاء‬ṣan‘ā’ San‘a (capital of Yemen)
artisans, craftsmen; ‫ رجل الصناعة‬rajul aṣ-ṣ.
industrialist; ‫( اصحاب الصنائع والحرف‬ḥiraf) ‫ صنف‬II to sort, assort, classify, categorize (‫هـ‬
artisans and tradesmen s.th.); to compile, compose, write (‫ هـ‬a
book)
‫ صنائعي‬ṣanā’i‘ī artificial, synthetic,
imitation; workmanlike, handicraft, trade ‫ صنف‬ṣanf, ṣinf pl. ‫ اصناف‬aṣnāf, ‫صنوف‬
(adj.); industrial; artisan, craftsman ṣunūf kind, sort, specimen; article (com.);
genus, species, class, category; sex; ‫ صنفا‬in
‫ صناعي‬ṣinā‘ī artificial, synthetic, kind (as oppose to: in cash)
imitation; workmanlike, handicraft, trade
(adj.); industrial │ ‫( سر صناعي‬sirr) ‫ تصنيف‬taṣnīf classification.
industrial secret; ‫( الفن الصناعي‬fann) applied Categorization, sorting, assorting;
arts, artistic handicraft 526 compilation, composition, writing; (pl. ‫تصا‬
‫ نيف‬taṣānīf2) literary work
‫ صنيع‬ṣanī‘ action, acting, doing; act,
deed; fact; good deed, benefit, favor; ‫ تصنيفة‬taṣnīfa assortment, selection
charge, protégé; creature, willing tool; ‫ مَصنف‬muṣannif author, writer
meal, repast, banquet
‫ مَصنف‬muṣannaf pl. -āt literary work
‫ صنيعة‬ṣanī‘a pl. ‫ صنائع‬ṣanā’i‘2 action,
deed; good deed, good turn, benefit, favor; ‫ صنفر‬ṣanfara to rub with sandpaper, to
charge, protégé; creature, willing tool sandpaper, to emery (‫هـ‬s.th.)

‫ مَصنع‬maṣna‘ pl. ‫ مَصانع‬maṣāni‘2 factory, ‫ صنفر‬ṣanfar and ‫ صنفرة‬ṣanfara emery


plant, mill, works; establishment, firm; ‫مَص‬ ‫ صنم‬ṣanam pl. ‫ اصنام‬aṣnām idol, image
‫ انع‬also: large structures, installations,
‫ صنو‬ṣinw pl. ‫ صنوان‬ṣinwān, ‫ اصناء‬aṣnā’ one of
man-made works │ ‫ارباب )اصحاب( المصانع‬
two, twin brother
manufacturers, industrialists
‫ صنوبر‬ṣanaubar stone pine (Pinus pinea; bot.)
‫ مَصنعية‬maṣna‘īya wages, pay
│ ‫ حب الصنوبر‬ḥabb aṣ-ṣ. pine nut, pinon
‫ تصنيع‬taṣnī‘ industrialization
‫ صنوبري‬ṣanaubarī pine (adj.). piny,
pine-like; pineal │ ‫( الغدة الصنوبرية‬gudda)
pineal gland
‫ صه‬ṣah pst! hush! quiet! circumstances II to direct, fix (‫ الى هـ‬s.th.,
also, e.g., the glance on, to), aim, point,
‫ صهب‬IX and XI iṣhābba to be or become
train (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. at or on); to agree (‫ ه‬with
reddish, red-brown
s.o.), concur (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with s.o., in s.th.),
‫ اصهب‬aṣhab2, f. ‫ صهباء‬ṣahhbā’2, pl. consent, assent (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), approve (‫ هـ‬of
‫ صهب‬ṣuhb reddish; ‫ الصهباء‬wine s.th.), sanction (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to hit (‫ هـ‬a
‫ صهد‬ṣahada a (ṣahd) to scorch, parch, burn ( ‫هـ‬ target); to attain, reach, achieve (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th., esp. of the sun) e.g., end, purpose); to reach out (‫ هـ‬for
s.th., of the hand); to get, obtain, win, gain
‫ صهد‬ṣahd beat (‫ هـ‬e.g., a fortune), acquire (‫ هـ‬s.th.‫ ه‬e.g.‫ ه‬a
‫ صهيد‬ṣahīd scorching beat, blaze certain amount of knowledge); to have,
eat (‫ هـ‬a snack); to take (‫ هـ‬a meal); to
‫ صهود‬ṣuhūd scorching heat, blaze befall (‫ ه‬s.o.), fall (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), happen (‫ه‬
‫ صهر‬ṣahara a (ṣahr) to melt, fuse, smelt (‫هـ‬ to s.o.); to allot (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.), bestow (
s.th.) III to become related by marriage (‫في‬ ‫ ب ه‬upon s.o. s.th.), make (‫ ب‬s.th.) fall to
or ‫ ه‬to s.o.) IV to become related by s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬lot; to cause losses (‫ مَن‬to s.o.); to
marriage (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب‬to s.o.) VI to be related be right, be in the right; to do the right
by marriage VII to melt, fuse; to melt thing, hit the mark; to do right, properly (‫ه‬
away, vanish, break (intr.) 527 s.th., expressed by a verbal noun); to say
the right word; pass ‫ اصيب‬uṣība to be
‫ صهر‬ṣihr relationship by marriage; --
stricken, attacked, afflicted (‫ ب‬by a
(pl. ‫ اصهار‬aṣhār) husband of one’s
disease, and the like); to be killed │ ‫اصاب‬
daughter, son-in-law; husband of one’s
‫( اصابات‬iṣābāt) to score, make goals (in
sister, brother-in-law
sports); ‫‘( اصاب في عمله‬amalihī) to do right,
‫ صهير‬ṣahīr molten, in fusion act properly; ‫ اصيب بجراح‬to incur multiple
‫ مَصاهر‬maṣāhir2 (pl.) smelting furnaces; wounds; ‫( اصيب بخسارة‬bi-kasāratin) to
blast furnaces suffer a loss; ‫( اصيب اصابة شديدة‬iṣābatan) to
be hard hit, be grievously afflioted X
O ‫ مَصهر‬miṣhar pl. -āt fuse (el.) ‫ استوصب‬istauṣaba to approve (‫ ه‬of s.th.),
‫ مَصاهرة‬muṣāhara relationship by sanction (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
marriage; O affinity ‫ صوب‬ṣaub direction, quarter; that
‫ انصهار‬inṣihār melting process │ O ‫سلك‬ which is right, proper, or correct; ṣauba
‫ الَنصهار الواقى‬silk al-ins. al-wāqī fuse (el.) (prep.) in the direction of, toward, to │ ‫مَن‬
‫( كل حدب وصوب‬ḥadabin) or ‫مَن كل صوب‬
‫ صهريج‬ṣihrīj, ṣahrīj ‫ صهاريج‬ṣahārīj2 cistern; ‫ وحدب‬or ‫( مَن كل فج وحدب‬fajjin) from all
large (water) container, tank sides, from all directions, from all
‫ صهل‬ṣahala a i (‫ صهيل‬ṣahīil) to whinny, neigh quarters, from everywhere; ‫في كل صوب‬
(horse) ‫ وحدب‬every place, everywhere, all over, in
all quarters
‫ صهيل‬ṣahīl whinny(ing), neighing
‫ صيب‬ṣayyib rain cloud
‫ صهوة‬ṣahwa pl. ṣahawāt, ‫ صهاء‬ṣihā’ back (of a
horse) ‫ صابة‬ṣāba pl. -āt harvest (tun.)
‫ صهيون‬ṣahyūn2, also ṣihyaun2 Zion ‫ صواب‬ṣawāb that which is right, proper,
or correct; right, proper, or correct;
‫ صهيوني‬ṣahyūnī, ṣihyaunī Zionistic,
rightness, correctness, properness; reason,
Zionist
intellect, mind, consciousness; ‫صوابا‬
‫ صهيونية‬ṣahyūnīya, ṣihyaunīya Zionism ṣawāban rightly, justly │ ‫ هو على الصواب‬he
1
(‫ صاب )صوب‬ṣāba u (ṣaub, ‫ صيبوبة‬ṣaibūba) to is right; ‫( سلك طريق الصواب والحق‬ḥaqq) to
hit (‫ هـ‬s.th., the target); to be right, hold act in exactly the right manner, pursue the
true, be to the point, hit the mark, be right course; ‫ رجع )فاء( الى صوابه‬to regain
pertinent, be apposite (opinion) │ ‫صاب ام‬ one’s reason, get back to one’s senses,
‫( اقلع‬am aqla‘a) by all means, under all become reasonable again; ‫ فقد‬,‫اضاع صوابه‬
‫ صوابه‬to lose one’s mind; ‫ غاب عن صوابه‬to
lose consciousness; ‫غائب عن صوابه‬ ‫ صوتيات‬ṣautīyāt phonetics
unconscious, senseless 528 ‫ صوات‬ṣuwāt crying, shouting, clamor
2
‫ اصوب‬aṣwab more pertinent, more ‫ صيت‬ṣīt (good) repute, standing,
apropos, more apposite, more proper, prestige; fame, renown; celebrity,
more correct famousness │ ‫ بعد الصوت‬bu‘d as.-ṣ. fame,
‫ اصوبية‬aṣwabīya advisability, celebrity; ‫ ذائع الصيت‬famous, celebrated,
expediency well-known
‫ تصويب‬taṣwīb aiming; turning, pointing; ‫ صيت‬sayyit loud-voiced, having a
(pl. -āt) correction, rectification stentorian voice; O loud-speaker (Syr.)
‫ اصابة‬isāba pl. -āt hit; goal, score (in O ‫ مَصوات‬miṣwāt microphone
sports); injury, wound; state or process of ‫ تصويت‬taṣwīt voting, vote, casting of
being afflicted (by a disease), (attack of) ballots, polling (election)
illness, sickness; accident │ ‫ اصابة العمل‬i.
al-‘amal industrial accident; ‫مَحل الَصابة‬ ‫ صائت‬ṣā’it sound- (in compounds) │ O
maḥall al-i. scene of the accident ‫ سينما صائتة‬sound film
‫ استصواب‬istiṣwāb approval ‫ مَصوت‬muṣawwit voter; entitled to vote,
franchised
‫ صائب‬ṣā’ib pertinent, apropos, apposite,
right, correct; suited, appropriate ‫ صاج‬look up alphabetically
‫ مَصيب‬muṣīb pertinent, apropos, ‫ صوح‬II to dry (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
apposite, right, correct; suited, appropriate ‫ مَصوح‬muṣawwaḥ withered, dried (herb,
‫ مَصيبة‬muṣība pl. -āt, ‫ مَصائب‬maṣā’ib2 etc.)
misfortune, calamity, disaster 1
(‫ صاخ )صوخ‬ṣāka u = ‫ ساخ‬sāka u
‫ مَصاب‬muṣāb stricken, befallen, 2
‫صوخ‬IV to listen, lend one’s ear (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to
attacked, afflicted (‫ ب‬by); injured, s.o., to s.th.)
wounded, sick, ill; wounded person,
casualty; victim of an accident; ‫ صاد‬name of the letter ‫ص‬
misfortune, calamity, disaster │‫مَصاب اليم‬ ‫ صودا‬soda │ ‫( صودا كاوية‬kāwiya) caustic soda,
grievous misfortune, mournful event, sodium hydroxide; ‫( نترات الصودا‬nitrāt)
death sodium nitrate
2
‫( صوبة‬Turk. soba) ṣōbe stove (syr.) ‫( صوديوم‬Lat. sodium) sodium
(‫ صات )صوت‬ṣāta u a (ṣāut) to ring, sound, ‫ صور‬II to form, shape, mold, fashion, create (
make a noise or sound; to raise one’s ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to paint, draw, sketch (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
voice, about II = I; to vote, cast ballots (at s.th.); to illustrate (with drawings or
an election) pictures, ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make a picture (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of
‫ صوت‬ṣaut pl. ‫ اصوات‬aṣwāt sound (also s.o., of s.th.); to photograph (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
phon.); voice; tone, strain; melody, tune; s.th.); to represent, portray (‫ هـ‬s.th., fig.) │
noise; fame, renown; vote; pl. ‫( صور له‬ṣuwwira) it appeared to him,
interjections (gram.) │ ‫ بعد الصوت‬bu‘d aṣ- seemed to him 529 V = pass. of II; to
ṣ. fame, celebrity; ‫ رجع الصوت‬raj‘ aṣ-ṣ. imagine, fancy, conceive (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to think
echo, reverberation; ‫‘ علم الصوات‬ilm al-a. (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) to be s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)هـ‬to
phonetics; ‫ قوة الصوت‬qūwat aṣ-ṣ. volume, seem, appear, look (‫ ل‬to s.o.) │ ‫لَ يتصور‬
intensity (radio); ‫ بصوت مَسموع‬audibly; ‫بص‬ ‫‘( العقل‬aqlu) unimaginable, inconceivable,
‫ وت عال‬aloud; ‫( بصوت واطئ‬wāṭi’) softly, in unthinkable
a low voice, under one’s breath ‫ صور‬ṣūr horn, bugle; see also below
‫ صوتي‬ṣautī sonant, sound- (in ‫ صورة‬ṣūra pl. ‫ صور‬ṣuwar form, shape;
compounds), vocal, sonic, acoustic; pictorial representation, illustration;
resounding, resonant, sonorous; phonetic image, likeness, picture; figure, statue;
replica; copy, carbon copy, duplicate; ‫ مَصور‬muṣawwar illustrated; -- (pl. -āt)
manner, mode; ṣūratan formally │ ‫صورة‬ photographer’s studio; motion-picture
‫ جامَعة‬total picture, overall picture; ‫صورة‬ studio │ ‫ مَصور الجغرافيا‬m. al-jugrāfiyā
‫( مَتحركة‬mutaḥarrika) motion picture, film; atlas
‫دار الصور المتحركة‬, motion-picture theater, 2
‫ صور‬ṣūr2 Tyre (town in S Lebanon)
cinema; ‫( صورة شمسية‬šamsīya) photograph;
1
‫( صورة طبق الصل‬ṭibqa l-aṣl) true copy; ‫ صوص‬ṣūṣ pl. ‫ صيصان‬ṣīṣān chicken, chick
exact replica (fig.); undistorted picture; (syr.)
‫( صورة مَكبرة‬mukabbara) enlargement, 2
‫صوصي‬ṣauṣī (eg.) to peep, cheep, squeak
blowup (phot.); ‫ في صورة الدمَيين‬in human
shape; ‫( بصورة جلية‬jalīya) obviously, ‫ صوع‬VII to turn on one’s heel; to obey, yield,
evidently; ‫ بصورة مَحسوسة‬perceptibly, give in, submit (‫ ل‬to s.o. to s.th.)
tangibly, palpably; ‫( بصورة خاصة‬kāṣṣa) ‫ صاع‬ṣā‘ pl. ‫ اصوع‬aṣwu‘, ‫ اصواع‬aṣwā‘,
especially, particularly; ‫بصورة عامَة‬ ‫ صيعان‬ṣī‘ān saa, a cubic measure of
(‘āmma) generally, in general; ‫بصورة مَكبرة‬ varying magnitude │ ‫ بصاع صاعا‬tit for tat;
(mukabbara) increasingly, on a larger ‫( رد له الصاع صاعين‬radda, ṣā‘ain) or to pay
scale, to an increasing degree; ‫بصورة‬ s.o. back
‫ مَلحوظة‬noticeably, markedly; ‫على صورة‬
‫( كيميائية‬kīmiyā’īya) chemically, by twofold, bring double retaliation on s.o.
chemical means; ‫ في صورة مَا اذا‬in case ‫ صاعة‬ṣā‘a salon, parlor, reception room
that ..., if; ‫( في صورة مَصغرة‬muṣaggara) on 1
(‫ صاغ )صوغ‬ṣāga u (ṣaug, ṣiyāga) to form,
a reduced scale, in miniature
shape, mold, fashion, create (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ صوري‬ṣūrī, ṣūwarī formal; superficial; formulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to coin (‫ هـ‬a word); to
false, sham, deceptive, fallacious; fabricate, invent, make up (‫ هـ‬a lie) │ ‫صاغ‬
artificial, fictitious, seeming, fancied, ‫( الذهب والفضة‬dahab, fiḍḍa) to work in gold
imaginary and silver, practice the art of goldsmithing
‫ تصوير‬taṣwīr drawing, sketching; ‫ صوغ‬ṣaug forming, shaping, molding,
representation, portrayal, depiction; fashioning, creating 530
illustration; painting; photography, also ‫الت‬
‫ صيغة‬sīga forming, shaping, molding,
‫( صوير الشمسي‬šamsī); take (in motion
fashioning, creating; -- (pl. ‫ صيغ‬ṣiyag)
picture taking) │ ‫ آلة التصوير‬camera
shape, form; external form; wording, text,
‫ تصويرة‬taṣwīra pl. ‫ تصاوير‬taṣāwīr2 version (e.g., of a letter, of a treaty);
pictorial representation, image, picture, formula (in general, also math., chem.);
illustration jewelry, gold and silver articles; (gram.)
‫ تصور‬taṣawwur pl. -āt imagination form │ ‫ صيغة الفاعل‬the active (gram.); ‫صيغة‬
(also philos.), fancy, fantacy, idea; ‫ المفعول‬the passive (gram.); ‫ بصيغة حاسمة‬in a
conception, concept (philos.) decided form, in no uncertain terms

‫ تصوري‬taṣawwurī existing in ‫ صياغة‬ṣiyāga composing, drafting,


imagination only, imaginary, fancied, wording, forming, formulation,
fictitious │ O ‫( الذهب التصوري‬madhab) fashioning, molding, shaping;
idealism (as a philosophical school) goldsmithery, goldsmithing

‫ مَصور‬muṣawwir pl. -āt former, shaper, ‫ مَصاغ‬maṣāg jewelry, jewels, gold and
fashioner, creator; painter; photographer; silver articles
cameraman (motion pictures); draftsman, ‫ صائغ‬ṣā’ig pl. ‫ صياغ‬ṣuyyāg, ‫ صاغة‬ṣāga,
commercial artist, illustrator │ ‫مَصور‬ ‫ صواغ‬ṣuwwāg goldsmith, jeweler
‫ الكائنات‬the Creator of the Universe; ‫المصور‬
‫ مَصوغات‬maṣūgāt gold and silver
‫( الكهربائي للقلب‬kahrabā’ī, qalb)
jewelry, goldsmithery, jewelry
electrocardiograph
2
‫ صاغ‬look up alphabetically
‫ مَصورة‬muṣawwira camera
‫ صوف‬ṣūf pl. ‫ اصواف‬aṣwāf wool
‫ صوفي‬ṣūfī of wool, woolen; Islamic (‫ صان )صون‬ṣāna I (ṣaun, ‫ صيانة‬ṣiyāna) to
mystic, Sufi preserve, conserve, keep, retain, maintain,
sustain, uphold (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to maintain (‫هـ‬
‫ صوفية‬ṣūfiya Sufi way of life; ‫الصوفية‬
e.g., a machine, an automobile); to
Sufism (Islamic mysticism)
protect, guard, safeguard, keep, save ( ‫عن‬
‫ صوفان‬ṣūfān tinder, touchwood, punk ‫ هـ ه‬s.o., s.th. from); to defend (‫ ه‬,‫ عن هـ‬s.o.,
‫ صوفانة‬ṣūfāna tinder, touchwood, punk s.th. against) V to uphold one’s honor, live
chastely, virtuously (woman); to shut o.s.
‫ صواف‬ṣawwāf wool merchant off; seclude o.s. protect o.s.
‫ التصوف‬at-taṣawwuf Sufism (Islamic ‫ صون‬ṣaun, preservation, conservation,
mysticism), the Sufi way of life; guarding, keeping; susten(ta)tion,
mysticism upholding; maintenance, upkeep, care;
‫ المتصوفة‬al-mutaṣawwifa the Sufis, 531 protection, safeguard(ing), securing,
members of Sufi communities, mystics defense; chastity, respectability │ ‫صاحبة‬
‫ الصون‬honorary title or ladies of high
‫ صوفيا‬ṣōfiyā Sofia (capital of Bulgaria) social standing
1
(‫صال )صول‬ṣāla u (ṣaul, ‫ صولة‬ṣaula, ‫صيال‬ ‫ صوان‬ṣiwān, ṣuwān pl. ‫ اصونة‬aṣwina
ṣiyāl) to spring, jump, leap (‫ على‬on), cupboard, case
attack, assault (‫ على‬s.o.) II to pan, wash
out (‫ هـ‬grain, gold) III to vie, compete (‫هـ‬ ‫ صوان‬ṣawwan (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬flint;
with s.o.) granite
‫ صولة‬ṣaula pl. -āt attack, assault; force, ‫ صواني‬ṣawwānī: ‫( ادوات صوانية‬adawāt)
tyranny, despotism, arbitrariness flint implements
2
‫( صول‬Turk. sol) approx.: sergeant major, ‫ صيانة‬ṣiyāna = ‫ صون‬ṣaun │ ‫مَلك الصيانة‬
technical sergeant (Eg.) │ ‫صول التعليم‬ malak aṣ-ṣ. guardian angel (Chr.)
approx.: master sergeant; ‫صول التعيين‬ ‫ صائن‬ṣā’in preserver, sustainer,
approx.: quartermaster sergeant (mil.) maintainer, keeper, guardian, protector;
‫ صولجان‬ṣaulajān pl. ‫ صوالجة‬ṣawāllija staff with protective
a curved end; polo mallet; scepter, mace ‫ مَصون‬maṣūn well-protected, well-kept,
(‫ صام )صوم‬ṣāma u (ṣaum, ‫ صيام‬ṣiyām) to guarded, sheltered; chaste, virtuous
abstain (‫ عن‬from s.th.); to abstain from (woman); also an epithet for women
food, drink, and sexual intercourse; to fast ‫ صوة‬ṣūwa pl. ‫ صوى‬ṣuwan stone landmark, trail
‫ صوم‬ṣaum abstention, abstinence, mark
abstemiousness; fasting, fast; ‫ الصوم‬fasting ‫ صوى‬ṣawā i (ṣuwīy) and ṣawiya a (ṣawan) and
during the month of Ramadan, one of the II to dry up, wither, wilt; -- ṣawā to peep,
five principal duties of the Muslim │ ‫الصو‬ cheep, squeak, chirp, screech
‫ م الكبير‬the Great Fast = Lent (Chr.); ‫عيد‬
‫‘ صوم الغفران‬īd ṣ. al-gufrān Yom Kippur, ‫ صيت‬see ‫صوت‬
Day of Atonement (Jud.) (‫ صاح )صيح‬ṣāḥa i (ṣaiḥ, ‫ صياح‬ṣiyāḥ) to cry,
‫ صيام‬ṣiyām fasting, fast yell, shout; to scream, screech; to crow; to
utter, let out (‫ صيحة‬ṣaiḥatan a cry); to call
‫ صيامَي‬ṣiyāmī Lenten fare out (‫ ب‬to s.o.), shout, bellow, bawl (‫ في‬or
‫ صائم‬ṣā’im pl. -ūn, ‫ صوم‬ṣuwwam, ‫صيم‬ ‫ على‬at s.o.) II to cry out (loud), roar,
ṣuyyam, ‫ صيام‬ṣiyām fasting (adj.); faster, bellow, bawl VI to shout at one another,
one who fasts call out to one another; to clamor, raise a
din
‫ الصومَال‬aṣ-ṣomāl Somaliland
‫ صيح‬ṣaiḥ crying, clamor
‫ صومَالي‬ṣomalī Somali (adj. and n.)
‫ صيحة‬ṣaiḥa (n. vic.) pl. -āt cry, outcry,
‫ صومَعة‬ṣauma‘a see ‫صمع‬ shout │ ‫ صيحة الحرب‬ṣ. al-ḥarb battle cry,
war cry; ‫( ارسل صيحات‬arsala) to utter cries;
‫ صاح صيحة‬to utter a cry; ‫ على صيحة‬within s.o.); to betake o.s., come, get (‫ عند‬or ‫الى‬
shouting distance; ‫ذهب صيحة في واد‬ to); to arrive (‫ الى‬at); to end, wind up (‫الى‬
(ṣaiḥatan) to die unheard (call) with), result (‫ الى‬in); ‫ صار به الى‬to lead,
bring s.o. or s.th. to; ‫( يصار الى‬yuṣāru) one
‫ صياح‬ṣiyāḥ crying, clamor, cry, outcry;
proceeds to ..., one will eventually..., one
cry of a bird
will wind up with ... II to induce (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
‫ صياح‬ṣayyāḥ crier, loud-mouthed become (‫ هـ‬s.th.), make (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. into s.th.,
person; noisy, clamorous, vociferous, out of s.o. s.th.)
crying
‫ صير‬ṣīr crack (of the door); small salted
‫ تصايح‬taṣāyuḥ crying, clamor, roar, fish
bellow(ing)
‫ صيرورة‬ṣairūra (act or process of)
1
(‫ صاد )صيد‬ṣāda i (ṣaid) to catch (in a trap), becoming, development; end, outcome,
trap (‫ هـ‬game); to hunt (‫ هـ‬game); to hunt upshot, result
down (‫ هـ‬game); to catch (‫ هـ‬fish) V to
‫ مَصير‬maṣīr development, progress
hunt for prey; to hunt down (s.th.); to
(e.g., of work); -- (pl. ‫ مَصاير‬maṣāyir2)
catch (‫ هـ‬s.th.); VIII = I │ ‫اصطاد في الماء‬
place at which one arrives; end, outcome,
‫‘( العكر‬akir) to fish in troubled waters
upshot, issue, result; fate, destiny, lot; life;
‫ صيد‬ṣaid hunting, hunt; angling, fishing see also under ‫ مَصر │ تقرير المصير‬self-
(also ‫ صيد السمك‬ṣ. as-samak); game, determination (pol.); ‫ مَصير كل حي‬m. kull
venison, prey, quarry │ ‫( مَن صيد خياله‬ṣ. ḥayyin the way of all flesh
kayālihī) dreamed up by him, a product of
‫ تصيير‬taṣyīr cession, transfer (jur.)
his fantasy (of a story)
‫ صيصية‬ṣīṣiya pl. ‫ صياص‬ṣayāṣin spur of the
‫ صياد‬ṣayyād pl. -āt hunter; fisher │ ‫صياد‬
rooster
‫ السمك‬ṣ. as-samak fisher, fisherman;
kingfisher (zool.) ‫ صيغة‬see ‫صوغ‬
‫ صيداء‬ṣaidā’ Sidon (city in Lebanon) (‫ صاف )صيف‬ṣāfa i (ṣaif) to be summery; to
spend the summer, estivate (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬in) │
‫ مَصيدة‬miṣyada pl. ‫ مَصايد‬maṣāyid2 trap,
‫( صاف الزمَان ام شتا‬zamānu am šatā) at all
snare; net; hunting or fishing implement
times, under all circumstances II, V, VIII
‫ مَصيدة‬maṣyada pl. ‫ مَصايد‬maṣāyid2 =I
fishery, fishing grounds (also ‫)مَصيد السماك‬
‫ صيف‬ṣaif pl. ‫ اصياف‬aṣyāf summer
2
‫ صاد‬ṣād name or the letter ‫ص‬
‫ صيفي‬ṣaifī summery, estival, summer
‫ صيدلية‬ṣaidalīya apothecary’s trade; pharmacy, (adj.) │ ‫ توقيت صيفي‬daylight-saving time
pharmacology
‫ مَصيف‬maṣīf pl. ‫ مَصايف‬maṣāyif2
‫ صيدلي‬ṣaidalī pl. ‫ صيادلة‬ṣayādila summer residence, summer resort; rest
pharmacist, druggist, apothecary center, holiday camp
‫ صيدلَني‬ṣaidalānī pharmacist, druggist, ‫ اصتياف‬iṣtiyāf summering, summer
apothecary vacationing
‫ صيدلية‬ṣaidalīya pl. -āt pharmacy; ‫ صائفة‬ṣā’ifa summer(time)
drugstore
‫ مَصطاف‬muṣṭāf summer resort; (pl. -ūn)
‫ صيدليات‬ṣaidalīyāt drugs, pharmaceutics vacationist, summer visitor
(‫ صار )صير‬ṣāra i (ṣair, ‫ صيرورة‬ṣairūra, ‫مَصير‬ ‫ الصين‬aṣ-ṣīn China; the Chinese │ ‫بلد الصين‬
maṣīr) to become (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (with foll. China
imperf.) to begin, commence, start to ...,
‫ صيني‬Chinese (adj. and n.); porcelain,
come to ..., get to ..., get into a situation
china
where ..., get to the point where ...; to set
in, occur, happen, come to pass, 532 take ‫ صينية‬ṣīnīya (syr. ṣēnīya, leb. ṣainīya)
place; to fall to s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬lot, befall (‫ل‬ pl. ‫ صواني‬ṣawānī a large, round metal plate
with raised brim, esp. one made of copper, ‫ ضبة‬ḍabba pl. -āt, ‫ ضباب‬ḍibāb door
used as baking tin, serving tray and table bolt, latch; wooden lock
top; turntable, ‫( صينية مَتحركة‬mutaḥarrika); ‫ ضباب‬ḍadāb fog, mist
pl. chinaware, porcelain vessels
‫ ضبر‬ḍabara u to gather, collect, assemble
‫ صيوان‬ṣīwān pl. -āt, ‫ صواوين‬ṣawāwīn2 (large)
tent, pavilion, marquce ‫ ضبارة‬ḍabāra, ḍubāra and ‫ اضبارة‬iḍbāra
pl. ‫ اضابر‬aḍābir2 file, dossier
‫ اضبور‬uḍbūr file, dossier
‫ ضبح‬ḍabaḥa a (ḍabḥ) to blacken (‫ هـ‬s.th., said
‫ض‬ of fire); to snort (horse)
‫ ضبط‬ḍabaṭa u (ḍabṭ) to grab, grasp, seize,
catch, apprehend, arrest, detain (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
‫ ضاد‬ḍād name of the letter ‫ ;ض‬a sound s.th.), take hold (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of s.o., of s.th.); to
peculiar to Arabic, hence: ‫ اهل الضاد‬ahl aḍ- keep, hold, retain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tackle
ḍ. the Arabic-speaking peoples, the Arabs; resolutely, master, overcome (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
‫ ابناء الضاد‬do.; ‫ اقطار الضاد‬the Arabic- cope (a with s.th.); to have (‫ هـ‬s.th.) under
speaking countries; ‫ لغة الضاد‬lugat aḍ-ḍ. control, have command (‫ هـ‬over s.th.); to
the Arabic language restrain, hold back, keep down, subdue,
‫ ضؤل‬ḍa’ula u (‫ ضآلة‬ḍa’āla, ‫ ضؤولة‬ḍa’ūla) to be check, curb, control (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
small, tiny, little, scanty, meager, slight, seize, distrain, impound, confiscate (a
sparse, feeble, faint, thin; to diminish, s.th.); to do (‫ هـ‬s.th.) accurately, precisely,
dwindle, wane, decline, shrink, decrease meticulously, or well; to render precise,
VI = I define precisely (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to regulate,
adjust (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., techn.); to determine
‫ ضآلة‬ḍa’āla (‫ ضئالة‬ḍi’āla) smallness, precisely (‫ كلمة‬kalimatan the spelling and
littleness, tininess; minuteness, scantiness, pronunciation of a word), vowel(ize) (‫ هـ‬a
meagerness, slightness, sparsity, paucity, word); to observe strictly, keep exactly (a
feebleness, faintness, thinness; waning, time); to regulate, settle, put or keep in
dwindling, diminution, decrease; order (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to correct (a s.th.); to enter,
shrinking, shrinkage; small number book, record, register (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to measure
‫ ضؤولة‬ḍa’ūla = ‫ ضآلة‬ḍa’ālah off exactly, measure out (‫ هـ‬s.th.), take
exactly the right amount, the right
‫ ضئيل‬ḍa’īl pl. ‫ ضئال‬ḍi’āl, ‫ ضؤلَء‬ḍu’alā’2
proportion (‫ هـ‬of) VII to be detained, be
small, tiny, minute, little, scanty, slight,
held back, be held up; to be regulated, be
meager, sparse, feeble, faint, thin
kept in order, be disciplined; to be
‫ تضاؤل‬taḍā’ul = ‫ ضآلة‬ḍa’āla determined, be established, etc. (pass. of
‫ ضامَة‬ḍāma checkers ḍabaṭa)

‫ ضأن‬ḍa’n sheep (coll.) ‫ ضبط‬ḍabṭ capture, apprehension,


arrest(ing), detention; restraint,
‫ ضأن‬ḍa’nī, ḍānī mutton (meat) suppression, subdual, curb(ing),
‫ ضائن‬ḍā’in sheep check(ing); control; seizure, impoundage,
distraint, confiscation; accuracy,
‫ ضب‬ḍabba i (ḍabb) to take hold (‫ على‬of s.th.); correctness, exactitude, precision;
to keep under lock, put in safekeeping, vowelization; correction, amendment,
guard carefully (‫ على‬s.th.) II = I; to bolt (‫هـ‬ settlement; regulation, adjustment of an
the door) IV to be foggy (day) apparatus (techn.); (pl. ‫ ضبوط‬ḍubūṭ)
‫ ضب‬ḍabb pl. ‫ ضباب‬ḍabāb, ‫ اضب‬aḍubb, protocol, minutes, procès-verbal; entering,
‫ ضبان‬ḍubbān lizard entry, record, registry; ‫ ضبطا‬ḍabṭan
accurately, exactly, precisely, punctually │
‫ ضب‬ḍabb (eg.) front teeth
‫ بالضبط = ضبطا‬ḍabṭan; ‫ ضبط الراضي‬ḍ. al-
arāḍī cadastral survey; ‫ضبط الحسابات‬
bookkeeping; ‫ ضبط الشهوة‬ḍ. aš-šahwa ‫ ضجر‬ḍajira a (ḍajar) to be angry, annoyed,
abstemiousness, continence; ‫ضبط المَلك‬ irritated, exasperated (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬at, about);
‫‘( العقارية‬aqārīya) cadastral survey; ‫ضبط‬ to be dissatisfied, discontent, displeased (
‫ النفس‬self-control, self-command; ‫جهاز‬ ‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬with); to sorrow, be worried,
‫ الضبط‬jahāz aḍ-ḍ. control apparatus, uneasy (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬about), be disquieted,
controlling device; grieved, troubled (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬by, over) IV to
anger, vex, irritate, trouble, torment (‫ه‬
‫‘( عار عن الضبط‬ārin) unvowel(iz)ed
s.o.), disquiet, discomfit, aggrieve (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ضبطية‬ḍabṭīya police station; police V=I
‫ مَضبطة‬maḍbaṭa pl. ‫ مَضابط‬maḍābiṯ2 ‫ ضجر‬ḍajar annoyance, irritation,
protocol, minutes, procès-verbal vexation, anger; dissatisfaction;
‫ انضباط‬inḍibāṭ discipline │‫لجنة الَنضباط‬ discontent, displeasure; sorrow, worry,
lajnat al-inḍ disciplinary board grief

‫ ضابط‬ḍābiṭ controlling device, control, ‫ ضجر‬ḍajir annoyed, irritated, angry,


governor, regulator (techn.); prepositor vexed; morose, sullen; dissatisfied,
534 entrusted with discipline (in Eg. discontent, displeased, uneasy, restless;
schools); (pl. ‫ ضباط‬ḍubbāṭ) officer; (pl. ‫ضو‬ worried, grieved, troubled
‫ ابط‬ḍawābiṭ2) general rule, canon, (moral) ‫ مَضجر‬muḍjir annoying, irritating,
precept or order │ ‫ ضابط آمَر‬senior officer; exasperating, irksome, tedious
‫ ضابط مَأمَور‬subaltern officer; ‫ ضابط الصف‬ḍ.
‫ مَتضجر‬mutaḍajjir = ‫ ضجر‬ḍajir
aṣ-ṣaff pl. ‫ ضباط الصف‬noncommissioned
officer; ‫ ضابط الصوت‬ḍābiṭ aṣ-ṣaut ‫ ضجع‬ḍaja‘a a (ḍaj‘, ‫ ضجوع‬ḍujū‘) to lie on
volume control (radio); ‫ صف ضابط‬ṣaff ḍ. one’s side, lie down; to lie, recline, be
pl. ‫ صف ضباط‬noncommissioned officer; prostrate; to sleep III to lie, have sexual
‫( بغير ضابط ولَ رادع‬gair) completely intercourse (‫ ها‬with a woman) VII = I
unrestrained, out of all control VIII (‫ اضطجع‬and ‫ اضجع‬aḍja‘a) = I
‫ ضابطة‬ḍābiṭa police; (pl. ‫ضوابط‬ ‫ ضجعة‬ḍaj‘a (n. vic.) lying position,
ḍawābiṭ2) curbing force, order lying, recumbency; slumber
‫ مَضبوط‬maḍbūṭ accurate, exact, correct, ‫ ضجع‬ḍuja‘a, ḍuj‘a late riser, slugabed,
right, precise sluggard, lazybones; lazy, sluggish, inert
‫ ضبع‬ḍab‘, ḍabu‘ f. pl. ‫ ضبع‬ḍibā‘, ‫ اضبع‬aḍbu‘ ‫ ضجعي‬ḍuj‘ī late riser, slugabed,
hyena sluggard, lazybones; lazy, sluggish, inert
‫ ضبن‬VIII to take under one’s arm ‫ ضجيع‬ḍajī‘ one sharing the bed;
bedfellow; comrade, companion
‫ ضبن‬ḍibn armpit
‫ مَضجع‬maḍja‘ pl. ‫ مَضاجع‬maḍāji‘ couch,
‫ ضج‬ḍajja i (ḍajj, ‫ ضجيج‬ḍajīj) to be noisy,
bed │ ‫ اخذ مَضجعه‬he lay down (to sleep);
boisterous; to clamor, about, raise a hue
‫ اقض مَضجعه‬aqaḍḍa maḍja‘ahū or ‫اقض عليه‬
and cry IV = I
‫ المضجع‬or ‫( اقلق مَضجعه‬maḍja‘ahū) to
‫ ضجة‬ḍajja cry, yell, outcry; clamor, deprive s.o. of sleep
noise, din, row, hubbub, tumult
‫ مَضاجع‬muḍāji‘ bedfellow
‫ ضجيج‬ḍajīj cry, yell, outcry; clamor,
‫ مَضطجع‬muḍṭaji‘ couch, bed
noise, din, row, hubbub, tumult
‫ ضحضح‬ḍaḥḍaḥa to vibrate, dicker (mirage); to
‫ ضجوج‬ḍajūj roaring, bellowing,
shatter, break, crush II to vibrate, flicker
screaming, crying
(mirage)
‫ ضجاج‬ḍajjāj violently roaring,
‫ ضحضاح‬ḍaḥḍāḥ shallow, shoal, flat
bellowing, screaming, crying, boisterous,
(water)
uproarious
‫ ضحك‬ḍaḥika a (ḍaḥk, ḍiḥk, ḍaḥik) to
laugh (‫ ب‬or ‫ مَن‬at, about, over); to jeer,
scoff, jibe (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬or ‫ مَن‬at s.o., at s.th.), ‫ ضحى‬ḍaḥlan) to become visible, appear; to
deride, ridicule, mock, scorn (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬or be struck by the sun’s rays II to sacrifice,
‫ مَن‬s.o., s.th.) │ ‫( ضحك بملء شدقيه‬bi-mil’i offer up, immolate (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫ ضحى بنفسه‬to
535 šidqaihi) or ‫( ضحك مَلء شدقه‬mil’a) to sacrifice o.s.; ‫ ضحى بالنفس والنفس‬to sacrifice
grin from ear to ear; ‫ضحك عن در مَنضد‬ life and property (properly: the soul and
(durrin munaḍḍadin) (to laugh by that which is precious) IV to be, become;
showing stringed pearls, i.e., the teeth), to with foll. imperf.: to begin, start,
show a toothy smile; to grin from ear to commence, or set about to (do s.th.); to
ear; ‫( ضحك على ذقنه‬daqanidī; pl. ‫)على ذقونهم‬ come to ..., get to ..., get to the point
(eg. syr.) to fool s.o., make a fool of s.o., where ..., get into a situation where ...
pull s.o.’s leg, make fun of s.o., lead s.o. ‫ ضحوة‬ḍaḥwa pl. ḍaḥawāt forenoon;
around by the nose (‫ ب‬with s.th.), put on morning
an act for s.o.; ‫( ضحك في ذقنه‬daqanihī) to
laugh in s.o.,s face II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) laugh ‫ ضحى‬ḍuḥan (m. and f.) forenoon │ ‫بين‬
III to joke, jest, banter (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV and ‫‘( عشية وضحاها‬asīyatin wa-ḍuḥāhā) over
X to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) laugh (‫ مَن‬about) │ ‫مَا‬ night, from one day to the next, all of a
‫( يضحك الثكلى‬taklā) (that which makes a sudden
woman who has lost her child laugh =) ‫ ضحية‬ḍaḥīya forenoon; -- (pl. ‫ضحايا‬
irresistibly comical VI to laugh ḍaḥāyā) slaughter animal, blood sacrifice,
‫ ضحك‬ḍaḥk, ḍiḥk, ḍaḥik laugh(ing); immolation; victim │ ‫ وقع ضحيته‬or ‫ذهب‬
laughter (ḍaḥīyatahū) to fall victim to, become a
victim of s.th. or s.o.
‫ ضحكة‬ḍaḥka (n. vic.) pl. -āt laugh
‫ اضحى‬aḍḥan (coll.; n. un. ‫ اضحاة‬aḍḥāh)
‫ ضحكة‬ḍuḥka object of ridicule, slaughter animal, blood sacrifice,
laughingstock immolation │ ‫‘ عيد الضحى‬īd al-a. the
‫ ضحوك‬ḍaḥuk frequently, or constantly, Feast of Immolation, or Greater Bairam,
laughing; laugher on the 10th of Zu’lhijja; ‫ يوم الضحى‬yaum
al-a. the Day of Immolation, i.e., the 10th
‫ ضحاك‬ḍaḥḥāk frequently, or constantly,
of Zu’lhijja
laughing; laugher; joker, jester, wag,
buffoon ‫ اضحية‬uḍḥīya pl. ‫ اضاحى‬aḍāhīy2
slaughter animal, blood sacrifice,
‫ اضحوكة‬uḍḥūka pl. ‫ اضاحك‬aḍāhik2 object
immolation
of ridicule, laughingstock; lark, spree,
hoax, practical joke ‫ تضحية‬taḍḥiya sacrificing, immolation;
(pl. -āt) sacrifice
‫ اضحك‬aḍḥak2 more ridiculous, more
laughable, more ludicrous, funnier, more ‫ ضاح‬ḍāḥin: ‫ ضاح الشمس‬sunlit
comical ‫ ضاحية‬ḍāḥiya pl. ‫ ضواح‬ḍawāḥin
‫ مَضحكة‬maḍḥaka object of ridicule, surroundings, vicinity, outskirts; suburb
laughingstock ‫ مَضحى‬muḍaḥḥan place where one has
2
‫ ضاحك‬ḍāḥik pl. ‫ ضواحك‬ḍawāḥik breakfast 536
laughing │ ‫ ضاحك السن‬ḍ. as-sinn cheerful, ‫ ضخ‬ḍakka u (ḍakk) to spurt, spout, squirt (‫هـ‬
gay, sunny water)
‫ مَضحك‬muḍḥik ridiculous, laughable, ‫ مَضخة‬miḍakka pl. -āt squirt, spray(er);
ludicrous, droll, funny, comical; pump │ ‫( مَضخة جذابة‬jaḍḍāba) suction
comedian, buffoon, jester │ ‫قصة تمثيلية‬ pump; (‫ مَضخة الحرائق )الحريق‬fire engine;
‫( مَضحكة‬qiṣṣa tamtīlīya) comedy ‫ مَضخة رافعة‬suction pump
‫ ضحل‬ḍaḥl shallow, shoal, flat; a shallow, a ‫ ضخم‬ḍakuma u (‫ ضخم‬ḍakāma) to be or become
shoal big, large, bulky, heavy, gross,
‫ )ضحى‬and ‫ ضحو( ضحا‬ḍaḥā u (ḍaḥw, ḍuḥuw) to voluminous II to inflate, blow up (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
become visible, appear; -- ‫ ضحى‬ḍaḥiya a (
V to swell, become inflated; to expand, ‫ مَتضاد‬mutaḍādd contrary, opposite
distend ‫ ضر‬ḍarra u (ḍarr) to harm, impair, prejudice,
‫ ضخم‬ḍakm pl. ḍikām big, large, sizable, damage, hurt, injure (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), do
great (also of a name, of prestige); bulky, harm, be harmful, noxious or injurious (,‫هـ‬
gross; heavy, voluminous, huge, vast, ‫ ه‬to s.o., to s.th.) II to damage, harm,
ample, colossal; stout, corpulent, plump, prejudice III = I; IV = │ (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ;)هـ‬to
buxom; magnificent, splendid, gorgeous, force, compel, coerce, oblige (‫ ه على‬s.o.
luxurious, pompous │ ‫المدفعية الضخمة‬ to); to do violence (‫ ه‬to s.o.), bring
(midfa‘īya) heavy artillery pressure to bear (‫ ه‬on); to add a second
wife to one'. household V to be damaged,
‫ ضخامَة‬ḍakāma bigness, largeness,
harmed, impaired, prejudiced, hurt, or
greatness; bulkiness, grossness; heaviness;
injured; to suffer damage or loss; to
volume, voluminosity; stoutness,
complain (‫ مَن‬of, about) VII to be
plumpness, corpulence, obesity; pomp,
damaged, harmed, impaired, prejudiced,
splendor
hurt, or injured; to suffer damage or loss
‫ تضخيم‬taḍkīm inflating VIII to force, compel, coerce, oblige (‫ه‬
‫ ضخم‬taḍakkum inflation; swelling, s.o., ‫ الى‬to); -- pass. uḍṭurra to be forced,
expansion, dilation, distention; (monetary) compelled, obliged (‫ الى‬to); to be in an
inflation, also (‫( تضخم مَالي )نقدي‬naqdī) │ ‫ت‬ emergency or predicament, be hard
‫ ضخم الطحال‬distention of the spleen (med.) pressed; to be in need (‫ الى‬of s.th.) need,
want (‫ الى‬s.th.)
‫ مَضخم‬muḍakkim pl. -āt amplifier │ ‫مَض‬
‫ خم الصوت‬m. aṣ-ṣaut loud-speaker ‫ ضر‬ḍurr, ḍarr damage, harm,
impairment, prejudice, detriment, injury,
‫ ضد‬III to be contrary, opposed, contrasting, hurt; loss, disadvantage
antagonistic, inverse; to act, set o.s. (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
against), antagonize (‫ ه‬s.o.), contravene, ‫ ضر‬ḍirr, ḍurr addition of a second wife
violate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be opposed (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to), be to one’s household 537
contradictory (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), act contrary to ‫ ضرة‬ḍarra pl. -āt, ‫ ضرائر‬ḍarā’ir2 wife
s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ )هـ‬VI to be opposed to each other than the first of a plural marriage;
other, be contradictory, contradict one
udder
another
‫ ضرر‬ḍarar pl. ‫ اضرار‬aḍrār harm,
‫ ضد‬ḍidd pl. ‫ اضداد‬aḍdād an opposite, a
damage, detriment; loss, disadvantage │ ‫مَا‬
contrary, contrast; word with two opposite
‫ الضرر‬what does it matter? what’s the
meanings; adversary, opponent; antitoxin,
harm of it? ‫ اخف الضررين‬akaff aḍ-ḍ the
antidote, anti- (in compounds); ‫ ضدة‬ḍidda
lesser of the two evils
(prep.) against │ ‫ كان على الضد‬to do or
think the opposite, take an opposite stand ‫ ضراء‬ḍarrā’ distress, adversity │ ‫في‬
‫( السراء والضراء‬sarrā’) in good and bad
‫ ضدية‬ḍiddiīya contrariness,
days, for better or for worse
oppositeness, opposition; enmity, hostility,
animosity ‫ ضرير‬ḍarīr blind
‫ مَضادة‬muḍādda contrast, opposite, ‫ ضرورة‬ḍarūra pl. -āt necessity, stress,
contradiction constraint, need; distress, plight,
emergency, want, austerity; ḍarūratan
‫ تضاد‬taḍādd contrast, opposite,
necessarily │ ‫ بالضرورة‬necessarily; ‫عند‬
contradiction
‫ الضرورة‬in case of need, if need. be, when
‫ مَضاد‬muḍādd opposed, opposite, necessary; ‫( للضرورة القصوى‬quṣwā) in case
contrary, counter-, contra-, anti- (in of dire necessity, if worst comes to worst; ‫ل‬
compounds); pl. ‫ مَضادات‬antidotes │ ‫مَضادا‬ ‫ لضرورة احكام‬and ‫الضرورة تبيح المحظورات‬
‫( ت للحبل‬ḥabal) contraceptives; ‫مَضادات‬ (tubīḥu) necessity knows no laws
‫( حشرية‬ḥašarīya) insecticides; ‫مَضادات للفساد‬
‫ ضروري‬ḍarūrī necessary, imperative,
(li-l-fasād) antiseptics
requisite, indispensable, inevitable; pl.
‫ ضروريات‬ḍarūrīyāt necessaries, necessities order to find a way out; to be at one’s
│ ‫ كان مَن الضروري‬to be necessary; ‫ضروريا‬ wit’s end; to intrigue, scheme; to build air
‫ ت الحياة‬ḍ. al-ḥayāh necessities of life; castles; to daydream; ‫ضرب خيمة‬
‫ ضروريات الحوال‬exigencies, requirements (kaimatan) to pitch a tent; ‫ضرب الرقم القياسي‬
of the situation (raqma, qiyāsīya) to break a record; ‫ضرب‬
‫( السلم‬salām) to give a military salute;
‫ مَضرة‬maḍarra pl. -āt, ‫ مَضار‬maḍārr2
‫ ضرب ضريبة‬to impose a tax (‫ على‬on s.o.);
harm, damage, detriment, loss,
‫( ضرب اطنابه في‬aṭnābahū) to take root,
disadvantage ‫ على‬for)
prevail (at a place); ‫ ضرب اطنابه على‬to
‫ اضطرار‬iḍtirār compulsion, coercion; settle down, take up permanent residence
necessity, exigency, requirement; plight, in a place; ‫( ضرب طوبا‬ṭūban) to make
predicament, emergency │ ‫ عند الَضطرار‬in brick; ‫‘( ضرب عددا في آخر‬adadan fī ākara)
case of emergency to multiply a number 538 by another;
‫ اضطرارى‬iḍṭirārī coercive, compulsory, ‫‘ ضرب عنقه‬unuqahū) to behead, decapitate
inevitable, necessary, obligatory s.o., have s.o.’s head cut off; ‫ضرب قالبه‬
(qāllabahū) to imitate s.th.; ‫ضرب كفا‬
‫ ضار‬ḍārr harmful, injurious, (kaffan) to slap s.o.’s face; ‫ضرب مَثل لـ‬
detrimental, noxious, disadvantageous (matalan) to apply a proverb to; ‫ضرب له‬
‫ مَضر‬muḍirr harmful, injurious, ‫( مَثل‬matalan) to give s.o. an example,
detrimental, noxious, disadvantageous (‫ب‬ point out a model for s.o.; ‫ ضرب مَثلا‬to give
to, for) an example; to quote as an example (‫هـ لـ‬
or ‫ ب على‬s.th. for); ‫ ضرب المَثال‬to impart
‫ مَضطر‬muḍṭarr forced, compelled, words of wisdom, point out morals; ‫ضرب‬
obliged (‫ الى‬to); poor, destitute; wanting ( ‫ نقودا‬to mint money; ‫( ضرب مَوعدا‬mau‘idan)
‫ الى‬s.th.), in need (‫ الى‬of s.th.) to agree on time or place of a meeting,
‫ ضرب‬ḍaraba i (ḍarb) to boat, strike, hit make an appointment; ‫ضرب الى الحمرة )الى‬
(‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with; ‫ على ب‬with s.th. on; (‫( الصفرة‬ḥumra, ṣafra) to shade into red
‫ على ه‬s.o. on); to shoot, fire (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬at s.o., at (into yellow); ‫( ضرب به الرض‬arḍ) to
s.th.), shell, bombard (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to throw s.o. or s.th. to the ground; ‫ضرب في‬
play (‫ على‬,‫ هـ‬a musical instrument); to ‫( الخيال‬kayāl) to be in the clouds, be
make music; to type (on a typewriter); to unrealistic; to want the impossible; ‫ضرب‬
sting (scorpion); to separate, part (‫بين‬ ‫( برأسه على صدره‬bi-ra’sihī ‘alā ṣadrihī) to
people); to impose (‫ هـ على‬on s.o. s.th.); let one’s head sink to the chest; ‫ضرب بسهم‬
‫ ضرب عن‬to turn away from, leave, forsake, ‫( مَصيب في‬bi-sahmin muṣībin) to take an
abandon, avoid, or shun s.o. or s.th.; -- active part in; ‫( ضرب بسهم ونصيب في‬wa-
(ḍarb, ‫ ضربان‬ḍarabān) to pulsate, naṣībin) to participate in, share s.th.; ‫ضرب‬
palpitate, throb, boat (vein, heart); to ache ‫( فيه بعرق‬bi-‘irq) do.; ‫ضرب به عرض الحائط‬
(violently), hurt (wound, tooth); to move, (‘urda l-ḥ.) not to give a hoot for s.th.; to
stir; to rove, roam about, travel (‫ في‬in, disdain, despise, reject s.th.; to throw s.th.
through), loiter, stroll (in streets); to cruise overboard, jettison s.th.; ‫ضرب بنظره الى‬
(ship); to migrate (bird); to incline (‫ الى‬to a (naẓarihī) to turn one’s glance to; ‫ضرب‬
color), shade (‫ الى‬into a color); -- (‫ضراب‬ ‫( بوجه صاحبه‬bi-wajhihī ṣāḥibihī) to
ḍirāb) to cover, mount (‫ ها‬the camel mare) boomerang, fall back on the originator;
│ ‫( ضرب له اجل‬ajalan) to fix a date for ‫( ضرب على كلمة‬kalima) to efface, strike, or
s.o.; ‫( ضرب الرز‬aruzza) to hull rice; ‫ضرب‬ erase, a word; ‫( ضرب عنه صفحا‬ṣafḥan) to
‫( في الرض‬arḍ) to travel; ‫ضرب بوية على‬ turn away s.o. or s.th.; to disregard, ignore
(bōya) to paint or daub s.th.; ‫ ضرب الباب‬to s.o. or s.th., pay no attention to, pass over
knock on the door; ‫( ضرب الجرس‬jaras) to s.o. or s.th.; ‫ ضرب في حديد بريد‬to take futile
ring the bell; ‫( ضرب حقنا‬ḥaqnan) to steps; to beat the air; ‫ضرب لنفسه سبعة ايام‬
administer a syringe, give an injection; (sab’ata ayyamin) he decided to stay
‫( ضرب خطا‬kaṭṭan) to draw a line; ‫ضرب‬ seven days; ‫( ضرب بين وبينه اليام‬ayyām) fate
‫( أخماسا لسداس‬li-asdāsin) and ‫ضرب اخماسه‬ separated me from him,
‫ في اسداسه‬to brood, rack one’s brain in
drew us apart II to mix, blend (‫هـ ب‬ ‫ ضريبة‬ḍarība pl. ‫ ضرائب‬ḍarāib2
s.th. with); to sow dissension, cause imposition, impost; levy, tax, duty;
trouble (‫ بين‬among); to quilt (‫ هـ‬a fabric) character, nature │ ‫ ضريبة الدخل‬ḍ. ad-dakl
III to contend, vie, fight (‫ هـ‬with s.o.); to income tax; ‫ ضريبة كسب العمل‬ḍ. kasb
speculate IV to turn away (‫ عن‬from), al-‘amal wage tax; ‫ ضريبة الملهى‬ḍ. al-
leave, abandon, forsake, desert, avoid, malāhī admission tax, entertainment tax
shun (‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.); to remain, stay, abide ‫ مَضرب‬maḍrib pl. ‫ مَضارب‬madārib2
(‫ في‬in) │ ‫( اضرب جأشا لـ‬ja’šan) to be camp site; camp; place, spot, locality;
prepared for s.th., make up one’s mind to way, path; large tent, marquee │ ‫كان مَضرب‬
take s.th. upon o.s.; ‫اضرب صفحا عن‬ (‫( المثل )المَثال‬m. al-maṭal) to be proverbial,
(ṣafḥan) to desist, abstain from; ‫اضرب عن‬ be exemplary, be unique, be cited as an
‫‘( العمل‬amal) to stop work, to strike; ‫اضرب‬ example; ‫ مَضارب ارز‬m. aruzz rice-hulling
‫( عن الطعام‬ṭa‘ām) to go, on a hunger strike facilities
VI to come to blows, brawl, fight, strike
one another; to be divided, differ, conflict, ‫ مَضرب‬miḍrab pl. ‫ مَضارب‬maḍārib2
clash, be contradictory (opinions, and the large tent, marquee, pavilion; bat, mallet;
like) VIII to clash, surge, lap (waves); to racket (tennis, etc.); whisk, beater (e.g.,
be set, or get, into a state of unrest, for eggs); swatter, flyswatter; piano
turmoil, excitement, commotion, tumult, ‫ مَضراب‬miḍrāb bat, mallet, racket (ball
agitation, be or become agitated, troubled; games, tennis)
to be in a lively stir, move about, bustle,
hustle, romp; to sway, reel, waver; to be or ‫ مَضاربة‬muḍāraba pl. -āt speculation
become disturbed, unsettled, disorganized, (stock exchange); silent partnership (Isl.
disarranged, disordered, confused, Law), limited partnership, partnership in
entangled, upset, restless, uneasy, or commendam
anxious; to tremble, shake ‫ اضراب‬iḍrāb pl. -āt strike
‫ ضرب‬ḍarb beating, striking, hitting, ‫ تضارب‬taḍārub opposition,
rapping; shooting, shelling, gunning, contradiction, inconsistency, discrepancy,
bombing, bombardment; multiplication; incompatibility, conflict, clash (of
coining, formation; minting (of money); -- opinions, and the like)
(pl. ‫ ضروب‬ḍurūb) kind, sort, specimen,
species, variety; last foot of the second ‫ ضرب‬idṭirāb pl. -āt disturbance,
hemistich; (pl. ‫ اضراب‬aḍrāb) similar, like disorder, disarray; confusion, muddle,
│ ‫ ضربخانة‬and ‫( دار الضرب‬money) mint; perturbation; disorganization, disruption,
‫ ضرب الرمَل‬ḍ. ar-raml geomancy; ‫ضرب النار‬ upset, derangement; trouble, commotion,
shooting, tiring, shelling, gunning, unrest, riot (also pol.); restlessness,
bombardment; ‫ وضع السلح تحت الضرب‬to restiveness │ ‫‘( اضطرابات عصبية‬aṣabīya)
level a weapon, bold a weapon ready to nervous disorders
fire; ‫ هو واضرابه‬he and the likes of him ‫ ضوارب‬ḍawārib2 pl. of ‫ ضارب‬ḍārib
‫ ضربة‬ḍarba (n. vic.) pl. ḍarabāt blow, besting, striking, etc. │ ‫ العروق الضوارب‬the
knock, punch; thrust, push, jolt, shock; arteries; ‫( طير ضوارب‬ṭair) migratory birds
stroke, lash; shot; plague, affliction, trial, ‫ مَضروب‬maḍrūb appointed, agreed
tribulation, punishment │ ‫ ضربة الشمس‬ḍ. upon, fixed, determined (time, date,
aš-šams sunstroke, heatstroke; ‫ضربة قاضية‬ place); multiplicand (math.) │ ‫مَضروب فيه‬
(qāḍiya) fatal blow, deathblow (‫ على‬for); multiplier (math.)
‫ ضربة جزاء‬ḍ. jazā’ penalty kick (in soccer)
‫ مَضربة‬muḍarraba quilt, comforter
539
‫ مَضارب‬muḍārib pl. -ūn speculator
‫ ضراب‬ḍirāb copulation (of a female
animal) ‫ مَتضارب‬mutaḍārib conflicting,
irreconcilable, incompatible, divided
‫ ضريب‬ḍarīb beaten, struck, smitten, bit;
(opinions, and the like); contradictory,
similar, like │ ‫ ضريب للشيخ فلن‬one of the
discrepant, inconsistent
caliber of Sheik So-and-So
‫ مَضطرب‬muḍṭarib disturbed, disordered, ‫ ضراعة‬ḍarā‘a submissiveness,
disarrayed, unsettled; confused, muddled, humbleness; imploring, begging, entreaty,
perturbed; upset, disrupted, disorganized, supplication
deranged; uneasy, restive, agitated, ‫ مَضارعة‬muḍāra‘a likeness, similarity,
excited, anxious; weak, insufficiently resemblance
supported (tradition)
‫ تضرع‬taḍarru‘ imploring, begging,
‫ مَضطرب‬muḍtarab playground (fig.) entreaty, supplication
‫ ضربخان‬see ‫ ضرب‬ḍarb ‫ ضارع‬ḍāri‘ frail (of a person)
‫ ضرج‬ḍaraja u (ḍarj) to spot, stain, befleck, ‫ مَضارع‬muḍāri‘ like, alike, similar;
smear (‫ هـ بالدم‬s.th. with blood) II = I V to (gram.) imperfect
redden, be or become red
‫ ضرغم‬ḍargam pl. ‫ ضراغم‬ḍarāgim2 lion
‫ مَضرج‬muḍaraj: ‫ مَضرج اليدين‬m. al-
yadain with bloodstained hands; (caught) ‫ ضرغام‬ḍirgām pl. ‫ ضراغمة‬ḍarāgima lion
red-handed, in the act ‫ ضرم‬ḍarama a (ḍaram) to catch fire, be on
2
‫ ضريح‬ḍarīḥ pl. ‫ ضرائح‬darā’iḥ , ‫ اضرحة‬aḍriḥa fire, burn, flare, blaze; to break out, flare
grave, tomb; mausoleum up (war) II to kindle, light (‫ هـ‬fire) │ ‫ضرم‬
‫ النار في‬to set s.th. on fire, set fire to s.th.
‫ ضرس‬ḍarasa i (ḍars) to bite firmly or fiercely IV = II; V to burn, flare, flame, be ablaze
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- darisa a (daras) to be dull ( (also of emotions, of passion) VIII = I
‫ السنان‬the teeth from acid food and drink)
‫ ضرام‬ḍirām burning, blaze, flare; fire,
‫ ضرس‬ḍirs pl. ‫ اضراس‬aḍrās, ‫ضروس‬ conflagration
ḍurūs molar tooth │ ‫ ضرس العقل‬ḍ. al-‘aql
wisdom tooth 540 ‫ اضطرام‬iḍṭirām burning, flare, blaze;
fire, conflagration
‫ حرب ضروس‬ḥarb ḍarūs fierce,
murderous war ‫ مَضطرم‬muḍṭarim burning, flaming, on
fire
‫ تضاريس‬taḍārīs2: ‫ تضاريس الرض‬t. al-arḍ
elevations, undulations of the ground; ‫تضا‬ ‫ ضرو‬II to set (‫ هـ ب‬a dog on game); to provoke
‫ ريس الوجه‬t. al-wajh wrinkles of the face (‫ ه‬s.o.) to a fight (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ضرط‬ḍaraṭ i (ḍarṭ, ‫ ضريط‬ḍarīṭ, ‫ ضراط‬ḍurāṭ) to ‫ ضرو‬ḍirw pl. ‫ اضر‬aḍrin, ‫ ضراء‬ḍirā’
break wind hound, hunting dog
‫ ضرط‬ḍarṭ (n. un ‫ )ة‬wind, fart ‫ ضراوة‬ḍarāwa greed, voracity
‫ ضراط‬ḍurāṭ wind, fart ‫ ضار‬ḍārin voracious, ferocious, savage,
rapacious; (pl. ‫ ضوار‬ḍawārin) beast of
‫ ضرع‬ḍara‘a a, ḍaru‘a u (‫ ضرعة‬ḍarā‘a) and prey, predatory animal
ḍarā‘a a (ḍarā‘a) to be humble,
submissive (‫ الى‬toward s.o.), humiliate ‫ ضعضع‬ḍa‘ḍa‘a to tear down, demolish, raze,
o.s., abase o.s. (‫ الى‬before); to implore, ruin, undermine, weaken (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II
beg, beseech, entreat (‫ الى‬s.o.) III to be taḍa‘ḍa‘a to decline, decay, become
similar, be equal (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), be dilapidated, perish; to become weak or
like s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)هـ‬, resemble (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., weaker, wane; to dissolve, fall apart
s.th.) V and VIII to humiliate o.s., abase (organization)
o.s. (‫ الى‬before); to implore, beg, beseech, ‫ ضعضعة‬ḍa‘ḍa‘a demolition, razing;
entreat (‫ الى‬s.o.) sapping, undermining; debility, frailty,
‫ ضرع‬ḍar‘ pl. ‫ ضروع‬ḍurū‘, ‫ ضراع‬ḍirā‘ feebleness │ ‫ ضعضعة الكبر‬ḍ. al-kibar
udder, teat │ ‫( الزرع والضرع‬zar‘) senility, dotage
agriculture and stock farming ‫ مَتضعضع‬mutaḍa‘ḍi‘ dilapidated,
‫ ضرع‬ḍir‘ like, alike, similar decayed; weakened, debilitated; weak,
frail, feeble; submissive, humble
‫ ضعف‬ḍa‘ufa u (ḍu‘f) to be or become ‫ تضاعيف‬taḍā‘īf2 contents, text (of a
weak, weakly, feeble, frail, delicate, piece of writing); folds; space between the
debilitated, impotent, languid, flabby, or lines; (as an expletive after ‫في تضاعيفه )في‬
slack; to become weaker, wane, decrease, within it, therein contained
diminish, abate, be attenuated; to be too ‫ مَضاعفة‬muḍā‘afa doubling,
weak (‫ عن‬for s.th.) IV to weaken, compounding, multiplying; pl. -āt
enfeeble, debilitate (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) X complications (of a disease)
to deem (‫ ه‬s.o.) weak; to behave
arrogantly (‫ ه‬toward s.o.) 541 ‫ تضاعف‬taḍā‘uf doubling, multiplying
‫ ضعف‬ḍ‘uf, ḍa‘f weakness, feebleness, ‫ مَضعف‬muḍa‘‘af twofold, double;
frailty; weakening, enfeeblement, multiplied, compounded, increased many
debilitation │ ‫ ضعف الرادة‬weakness of times
will; ‫‘( الضعف العصبي‬aṣabī) neurasthenia, ‫ مَضاعف‬muḍā‘af twofold, double;
nervous debility; ‫ ضعف التناسل‬ḍ. at-tanāsul multiplied, compounded, increased many
sexual impotence times; see also ḍi‘f
‫ ضعيف‬ḍa‘īf pl. m. ‫ ضعفاء‬ḍu‘afā’2, ‫ضعاف‬ ‫ ضعة‬ḍa‘a, ḍi‘a see ‫وضع‬
ḍi‘āf, ‫ ضعفة‬ḍa‘afa, pl. f. ‫ ضعائف‬ḍa‘ā’if2
weak, feeble; frail, weakly, delicate, ‫ ضغث‬ḍagata a (ḍagt) to confuse, muddle, mix
up (‫ هـ‬a story)
debilitated, impotent, languid, flabby,
slack; deficient (as a school-report mark) ‫ ضغث‬lIiM pl. ‫ اضغاث‬aḍgāt bunch,
│ ‫ ضعيف الرادة‬weak-willed; ‫ ضعيف العقل‬ḍ. bouquet; mixture, muddle, jumble, maze
al-‘aql dim-witted, feeble-minded; ‫ضعيف‬ │ ‫ اضغاث الحلم‬confused dreams; ‫زاد ضغثا‬
‫ القلب‬ḍ. al-qalb weak-spirited, ‫( على ابالة‬ibāla) to make a thing worse
pusillanimous, meek, faint-hearted, ‫ ضغط‬ḍagaṭa a (ḍagṭ) to press, squeeze (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
despondent, cowardly; ‫ هذا الضعيف‬my own s.o., s.th.); to compress (‫ هـ‬air); to exert
insignificant self, I (as an expression of pressure (‫ على‬on); to oppress, suppress (
modesty) ‫ على‬s.o., s.th.), beer down heavily (‫على‬
‫ اضعاف‬iḍ‘āf weakening, enfeeblement, upon) VII to be pressed, be squeezed, be
debilitation; impairment compressed
‫ مَستضعف‬mustaḍ‘af deemed weak; ‫ ضغط‬ḍagṭ pressure; emphasis, stress;
weak; oppressed, miserable oppression, suppression; voltage, tension
2
(el.) │ ‫( الضغط الجوي‬jawwī) atmospheric
‫ ضعف‬II to double, redouble (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pressure; ‫ ضغط الدم‬ḍ. ad-dam and ‫الضغط‬
multiply, compound (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III do. (‫ مَن‬or ‫( الدمَوي‬damawī) blood pressure; ‫ضغط الهواء‬
‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to be doubled, be compounded, ḍ. al-hawā’ air pressure; ‫تحت ضغط الرأي العام‬
be multiplied (ḍ. ar-ra’y al-‘āmm) under the pressure of
‫ ضعف‬pl. ḍi‘f pl. ‫ اضعاف‬aḍ‘āf double, public opinion
that which is twice as much; a multiple, ‫ ضغطة‬ḍagṭa (n. vic.) pressure
that which is several times as much, (after
numerals) -fold; fold of a garment; pl. O ‫ ضغوطية‬ḍugūṭīya (wind) pressure
interstice, space │ ‫ مَئة ضعفه‬mi’atu ḍi‘fihī a ‫ ضاغوط‬ḍāgūṭ nightmare
hundred times as much, the hundredfold
of it; ‫ ثلثة اضعافه‬talātatu aḍ‘āfihī thrice as O ‫ مَضاغط‬madāgiṭ2: ‫مَضاغط هوائية‬
much, the threefold of it; ‫ اضعاف اضعافه‬a. (hawā’īya) compressors
aḍ‘āfihī many times as much, e.g. ‫فاق هذا‬ ‫ تضاغط‬taḍāguṭ compression (phys.; as
‫) المبلغ مَرتبه اضعاف اضعافه‬mablagu opposed to ‫ تخلخل‬takalkul) 542
murattabahū aḍ‘āfa a.) this amount was
‫ انضغاط‬inḍigāṭ compressibility
many times as much as his salary; ‫اضعافا‬
‫ مَضاعفة‬aḍ‘āfan muḍā‘afatan many times, ‫ ضاغط‬ḍāgiṭ: ‫ آلة ضاغطة‬compressor
a hundred-fold ‫ مَضغوط‬madgūṭ: ‫( هواء مَضغوط‬hawā’)
compressed air
‫ ضغن‬ḍagina a (ḍagan) to bear a grudge, (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫ ضل نفسه‬to delude o.s. IV = II; to
harbor (secret) hatred (‫ على‬against), recent make (‫ ه‬s.o.) lose his way (‫ ;)هـ‬to let (‫)هـ‬
(‫ على‬s.o.) VI to harbor a grudge against s.th. get lost
one another ‫ ضل‬ḍull error
‫ ضغن‬ḍign pl. ‫ اضغان‬aḍgān rancor, ‫ ضلال‬ḍalāl a straying from the right
spite, grudge, malice, malevolence, ill path or from truth; error │ O ‫ضلال اللوان‬
will, (secret) hatred color blindness, dichromatism
‫ ضغن‬ḍagin malicious, malevolent, ‫ ضللة‬ḍalāla error
rancorous, spiteful, resentful
‫ اضلولة‬uḍlūla pl. ‫ اضاليل‬aḍālīl2 error
‫ ضغينة‬ḍagīna pl. ‫ ضغائن‬ḍagā’in2 rancor,
spite, grudge, malice, malevolence, ill- ‫ مَضلة‬maḍalla occasion, or possibility,
will, (secret) hatred of going astray
‫ ضفة‬ḍiffa crowd, throng, jam (of people) ‫ تضليل‬taḍlīl misleading, misguidance,
delusion, deception
‫ ضفة‬ḍiffa, ḍaffa pl. ‫ ضفاف‬ḍifāf bank,
share; coast ‫ اضلل‬iḍlāl misleading, misguidance,
delusion, deception
‫ ضفف‬ḍafaf poverty, destitution
‫ ضال‬ḍāll pl. ‫ ضوال‬ḍawāll straying,
‫ ضفدع‬ḍifdi‘, ḍafda‘ pl. ‫ ضفادع‬ḍafādi‘2 frog │ O roaming, wandering; astray, lost;
‫( ضفدع بشري‬bašarī) frogman (mil.) erroneous, false
‫ ضفر‬ḍafara i (ḍafr) to braid, plait (‫ هـ‬hair), ‫ ضالة‬ḍālla goal of persistent search,
interweave, interlace, intertwine (‫ هـ‬s.th.); object of a long-cherished wish │ ‫ضالة‬
to twine (‫ هـ‬a rope) II = I; III to help, ‫ مَنشودة‬do.
assist, aid (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to help one another (
‫ على‬to do s.th.); to be tightly interwoven, ‫ مَضلل‬muḍallil misleading, misguiding,
be tied up, be closely connected (‫ مَع‬with); deceptive, delusive, fallacious
to be connected (evidence) ‫ مَضل‬muḍill misleading, misguiding,
‫ ضفر‬ḍafr pl. ‫ ضفور‬ḍufūr (saddle) girth deceptive, delusive, fallacious
‫ ضفار‬ḍafār pl. ‫ ضفر‬ḍufur (saddle) girth ‫ ضلع‬ḍala‘a a (ḍal‘) with ‫مَع‬: to aide with s.o.,
make common cause with s.o.; -- ḍalu‘a u
‫ ضفيرة‬ḍafīra pl. ‫ اضفار‬ḍafā’ir2 plait; (‫ ضلاعة‬ḍalā‘a) to be otrong, sturdy, 543
braid, tress, pigtail; plaitwork, wicker- robust; -- ḍalī‘a a (ḍala‘) to be crooked,
work; galloon, lace; strand, hank, skein; bent, curved, to curve II to crook, bend,
plexus (anat.) curve (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be jammed, crammed
(‫ ضفا )ضفو‬dafā u (ḍafw) to be abundant, (‫ مَن‬with); to be versed, skilled, proficient,
copious; to flow over IV to allot knowledgeable (‫ مَن‬in), be conversant, be
generouely (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to); to grant, award thoroughly familiar or acquainted (‫مَن‬
(‫ على هـ‬s.th. to); to let s.o. or s.th. (‫)على‬ with), be at home (‫ مَن‬in a field of
have (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fill (‫ هـ على‬s.th. with); to knowledge) VIII to be versed, skilled,
wrap, envelope (‫ على‬s.th., ‫ هـ‬with), spread proficient (‫ ب‬in), be thoroughly familiar
(‫ على هـ‬s.th. over) or acquainted, be conversant (‫ ب‬with); to
assume, take over, take upon o.s. (‫ ب‬s.th.,
‫ ضفوة‬ḍafwa: ‫ ضفوة العيش‬ḍ. al-‘aiš an
a task, financial expenses, a job, and the
easy, comfortable life
like) X to be versed, skilled, proficient (‫مَن‬
‫ ضاف‬ḍāfin abundant, copious, ample; in), be thoroughly familiar or acquainted,
detailed, elaborate, extensive be conversant (‫ مَن‬with)
‫ ضل‬ḍalla i (‫ ضلال‬ḍalāl, ‫ ضلالة‬ḍalāla) to lose ‫ ضلع‬ḍal‘ affection, attachment │ ‫ضلعه‬
one’s way, go astray; to stray (‫ عن‬or ‫هـ‬ ‫ مَعه‬he sympathized with him, he is on his
from the way); to err │ ‫( ضل سعيه‬sa‘yuhū) aide
his effort was in vain II to mislead, lead
astray, misguide (‫ ه‬s.o.); to delude, deceive
‫ ضلع‬ḍil‘, ḍilā‘ pl. ‫ ضلوع‬ḍulū‘, ‫اضلاع‬ ‫ ضميمة‬ḍamīma pl. ‫ ضمائم‬ḍamā’im2
aḍlā‘, ‫ اضلع‬aḍlu‘ rib; cutlet, chop; side (of addition, supplement; increase, raise (of
a triangle); ‫ الضلاع‬the chest, the breast │ salary)
‫ ضلع البرمَيل‬ḍ. al-birmīl barrel stave; ‫مَتساوى‬ ‫ تضام‬taḍāmm: ‫ تضامَا مَع‬together with,
‫ الضلع‬mutasāwī l-a. equilateral (geom.); jointly with
‫ كان له ضلع في المَر‬he had s.th. to do with
the matter, he had a hand in it, he played a ‫ انضمام‬inḍimām annexation (‫ الى‬to),
role in the affair joining (‫ الى‬of), union, association,
affiliation (‫ الى‬with); entry, enrollment (‫الى‬
‫ ضليع‬ḍalī‘ strong, sturdy; into an organization, and the like),
knowledgeable, experienced, skilled accession (‫ الى‬to)
‫ ضلعة‬ḍalā‘a strength, sturdiness, ‫ مَضموم‬maḍmūm closed, tight,
robustness (of the body) compressed (mouth)
‫ مَضلع‬muḍalla‘ ribbed; polygonal; (pl. ‫ مَنضم‬munḍamm: ‫ نظام مَنضم‬close order
-āt polygon │ ‫ صاج مَضلع‬corrugated iron (mil.)
‫ مَتضلع‬mutaḍalli‘ versed, skilled, O ‫ مَنضمة‬munḍamma accessory,
proficient (‫ مَن‬in), thoroughly familiar, attachment (techn.) 544
conversant (‫ مَن‬with); expert (‫ مَن‬in)
‫ اضمحل‬iḍmiḥlāl to disappear, vanish, dwindle,
‫( ضلمه‬Turk. dolma) ḍolma stuffed food fade away, molt away; to decrease,
(e.g., eggplants stuffed with meat and rice) become less
‫ ضم‬ḍamma u (ḍamm) to bring together, join, ‫ اضمحلال‬iḍmiḥlāl disappearance,
draw together, contract (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to add vanishing, evanescence; fading
(up), sum up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to gather, collect,
reap, harvest (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to unite, bring ‫ مَضمحل‬muḍmaḥill vanishing,
together (‫ هم‬persons); to embrace, hug (‫ه‬ evanescent, fading; damped (oscillations,
s.o.); to join, subjoin, annex (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. waves; phys.)
to), add, attach (‫ ه‬,‫ الى هـ‬s.o., s.th. to), unite ‫ ضمخ‬ḍamaka u (ḍamk) and II to oil, anoint,
(‫ ه‬,‫ الى هـ‬s.o. , s.th. with); to combine rub, perfume (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ ب‬s.o., s.th. with)
(within o.s. different things); to close,
compress (‫ هـ‬the lips); to grasp, grip, grab, ‫ ضمد‬ḍamada u i (ḍamd, ‫ ضماد‬ḍimād) and II to
seize (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.); to get (‫ ه‬s.o.) into a dress, bandage (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. a wound)
predicament (said of fate); to pronounce ‫ ضماد‬ḍimād bandaging (of a wound);
with the vowel u (‫ هـ‬a consonant; gram.) │ bandage, band, ligature; carrying on of
‫ ضم الصفوف‬to close the ranks; ‫ضمه الى صدره‬ several love affairs (of a woman)
(ṣadrihī) to press s.o. to one’s bosom,
embrace s.o.; ‫( ضم اليه زوجته‬zaujatahū) he ‫ ضمادة‬ḍimāda dressing (of a wound),
embraced his wife VI to unite, rally, join bandage
forces VII to close, draw or crowd ‫ مَضمد‬muḍammid (ir.) male nurse
together, be closely packed; to be joined,
‫ مَضمدة‬muḍammida o compress; (ir.)
united, or combined (‫ الى‬with), unite, join
nurse
forces (‫ الى‬with); to be added, be annexed
(‫ الى‬to); to associate, affiliate (‫ الى‬with); to ‫ ضمر‬ḍamara, ḍamura u (ḍumr, ‫ضمور‬
enter, join (‫ الى‬an organization, and the ḍumūr) to be or become lean, emaciated,
like); to comprise, include, encompass, skinny, thin, slim, slander; to contract,
embrace, contain (‫ على‬s.th.) shrink II to emaciate, make lean, thin, or
slender (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV = II; to secrete,
‫ ضم‬ḍamm addition, subjunction;
conceal, hide, keep secret (‫ هـ في نفسه‬s.th.
gathering, collecting, rallying, joining,
in one’s heart), keep (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to o.s. ( ‫في‬
uniting, amalgamation, fusion; admission,
‫ ;)نفسه‬to harbor, entertain (‫ هـ ل‬a feeling
enrollment; the vowel u (gram.)
toward, against) │‫( اضمر له الشر‬šarra) to
‫ ضم‬ḍamma the vowel point for u; (pl. boar s.o. a grudge, harbor ill will against
-āt) embrace, hug
s.o. V to become lean, emaciated VII to ‫( مَباشرة وضمنا‬mubāšaratan) directly and
dry up, wither, wilt, shrivel indirectly
‫ ضمر‬ḍumr emaciation; leanness, ‫ ضمني‬ḍimnī included, implied; hidden,
skinniness, thinness, slenderness, slimness implicit, tacit 545
‫ ضمور‬ḍumūr emaciation; loanness, ‫ ضمن‬ḍamān responsibility, guaranty,
skinniness, thinness, slenderness, warrant, surety, security, liability,
slimness; atrophy (med.) assurance, saveguard; insurance │ ‫ضمان‬
‫( جماعي‬jamā‘ī) collective security; ‫الضمان‬
‫ ضمار‬ḍimār: ‫( دين ضمار‬ḍain) bad debt
‫( المشترك‬muštarak) do.; ‫ مَحدود الضمان‬of
(i.e., a debt deemed uncollectible)
limited liability, Ltd.; ‫ شركة الضمان‬širkat
‫ ضمير‬ḍamīr pl. ‫ ضمائر‬ḍamā’ir2 heart; aḍ-ḍ. insurance company
mind; innermost; conscience;
‫ ضمين‬ḍamīn pl. ‫ ضمناء‬ḍumanā’2
(independent or suffixed) personal
responsible, answerable, liable (‫ ب‬for);
pronoun (gram.) │ ‫تأنيث الضمير‬
warrantor, bail(sman), bondsma, surety,
compunctions, contrition, repentance; ‫حي‬
guarantor (‫ ب‬for)
‫ الضمير‬ḥayy aḍ-ḍ. conscientious,
scrupulous; ‫ مَرتاح الضمير‬murtāḥ aḍ-ḍ. of ‫ ضمانة‬ḍamāna guaranty, surety,
peaceful mind; ‫ فاقد الضمير‬unscrupulous warrant(y), collateral, security, bail
‫ مَضمار‬miḍmār pl. ‫ مَضامَير‬maḍāmīr2 race ‫ اضمن‬aḍman2 offering better guaranty
course, race track; arena; field of activity, ‫ تضامَن‬taḍāmun mutuality, reciprocity;
field, domain joint liability; solidarity │ ‫شركة التضامَن‬
‫ اضمار‬iḍmār concealment (of a širkat at-t. commercial company of joint
thought), mental reservation; ellipsis liability
(rhet.) ‫ ضامَن‬ḍāmin responsible, answerable,
‫ ضامَر‬ḍāmir loan, skinny, thin; slander, liable; warrantor, bail(sman), bondsman,
slim, svelte surety, guarantor
‫ مَضمر‬muḍmar secret, hidden, covert; ‫ مَضمون‬maḍmūn guaranteed, ensured,
(independent or suffixed) personal warranted; insured (object); (pl. ‫مَضامَين‬
pronoun, also ‫( اسم مَضمر‬ism; gram.) maḍāmīn) content, purport, meaning (of a
letter, and the like) │ ‫مَضمون الوصول‬
‫ ضمن‬ḍamina a (‫ ضمان‬ḍamān) to be or
registered (letter); ‫( دين مَضمون‬dain)
become responsible or liable, be guaranty,
bonded, or funded, debt (fin.)
give security or guaranty, vouch (‫ ب‬or ‫هـ‬
for), warrant, ensure, safeguard, guarantee ‫ مَضمن‬muḍamman included, implied
(‫ هـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to insure (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. ‫ ضمن‬mutaḍāmin mutual, reciprocal;
against) │ ‫ ضمن لنفسه شيئا‬to be absolutely solidary, united in solidarity
certain of s.th. II to have (‫ هـ‬s.th.) insured (
‫ مَن‬against); to insert, include, enclose ( ‫هـ‬ ‫ ضن‬ḍanna (1st pers. perf. ḍanintu) a and
‫ هـ‬s.th. in s.th. else) V to comprise, ḍanna (1st pers. perf. ḍanantu) i (ḍann) to
include, comprehend, imply, embrace, keep back (‫ ب‬s.th.), be sparing or stingy (
contain (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to be jointly liable, ‫ ب على‬toward s.o. with), withhold (‫ب على‬
have joint responsibility (‫ هـ‬for s.th.); to be from s.o. s.th.), (be)grudge (‫ على‬s.o. ‫ب‬
solidary, be in accord, stick together s.th.) │ ‫( مَا ضن بمشقة على‬bi-mašaqqatin) to
shun no effort for the sake of
‫ ضمن‬ḍimn inside, interior; ḍimna
(prep.) in, within, inside of, among; ‫ضمنا‬ ‫ ضن‬ḍann: ‫( ضنا ب‬ḍannan) in order to
ḍimnan (adv.) inclusively, implicitly, spare s.th., in due consideration of
tacitly │ ‫ مَفهوم ضمنا‬tacitly comprised, ‫ ضنين‬ḍanīn niggardly, avaricious,
implicit; ‫ مَن ضمن‬min ḍimni (with foll. stingy; sparing, thrifty, economical,
genit.) included in, implied in, belonging scanty, meager, poor, insufficient
to, falling under; ‫ مَن ضمنهم‬among them;
‫ ضنك‬ḍanuka u (ḍank, ‫ ضناكة‬ḍanāka) to (‫ ضاء )ضوء‬ḍā’a u (ḍau’) to gleam,
be straitened, cramped, confined beam, radiate, shine II to light (‫ هـ‬s.th., a
(circumstances); to be weak, be exhausted lamp), to illumine, illuminate (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
‫ ضنك‬ḍank poverty, distress, straits │ e.g., a house) IV = I; to shed light, out
‫‘( عيش ضنك‬ail) a hard, wretched life light (‫ على‬upon, over); to light, illumine,
illuminate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to enlighten (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
‫ مَضانك‬maḍānik2 straits, hardships
the mind) V = I; X to be illumined, be lit,
‫ مَضنك‬muḍnik weak, exhausted to seek light, to seek (to obtain)
‫ ضنو‬ḍanw, ḍinw children enlightenment or insight (‫ ب‬by, through,
in, with), to let o.s. be enlightened or
‫ ضنى‬ḍaniya a (ḍanan) to become or be lean, guided (‫ ب‬by)
emaciated, gaunt, enervated, or worn out;
to pine away, be consumed (with grief) IV ‫ ضوء‬ḍau’ pl. ‫ اضواء‬light; brightness,
to emaciate, debilitate, weaken, enervate (. glow │ ‫ ضوء الشمس‬ḍ. aš-šams sunlight,
s.o.); to exhaust, wear out (‫ ه‬s.o.); to sunshine; ‫ ضوء القمر‬ḍ. al-qamar
undermine, sap (‫ ه‬the health); to consume moonlight; ‫ ضوء كاشف‬searchlight; ‫ضوء‬
(‫ ه‬s.o.; of anxiety, and the like) ‫ النهار‬ḍ. an-nahār daylight; ‫( على ضوء‬with
foll. genit.) in the light of, under the
‫ ضن‬ḍanin, lean, emaciated, gaunt, circumstances of, as seen from ...;
languished, wasted, worn out, enervated; according to
exhausted; consumed with grief, careworn
‫ ضوئي‬ḍau’ī luminary, light- (in
‫ ضنى‬ḍanan weakness feebleness, compounds) │‫( سنة ضوئية‬sana) light-year
debility, exhaustion, emaciation; grief
‫ ضياء‬ḍiyā’ light, brightness, glow
‫ مَضنى‬muḍnan lean, emaciated, gaunt,
languished, wasted, worn out, enervated; ‫ اضاءة‬iḍā’a lighting, illumination │
exhausted; pining away, wasting away ‫( الضاءة المقيدة‬muqayyada) restricted
illumination = dim-out; ‫مَصباح الضاءة‬
‫ ضهد‬ḍahada a (ḍah) to suppress, oppress, treat miṣbāḥ al-i. incandescent lamp
unjustly, persecute (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII = I
‫ مَضيء‬muḍī’ shining, luminous, bright
‫ اضطهاد‬iḍṭihād pl. -āt suppression,
repression, oppression, maltreatment, ‫ ضاد‬ḍād name of the letter ‫ض‬
persecution, enslavement (‫ ضار )ضور‬ḍāra u (ḍaur) to harm, injure,
‫ مَضطهد‬muṭahid oppressor, tyrant, damage, prejudice (‫ ه ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), inflict
persecutor damage (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬upon); to suffer violent
hunger, starve to death V to writhe with
‫ ضهر‬ḍahr pl. ‫ ضهور‬ḍuhūr summit, top (of a pain; to writhe, wince, be convulsed (‫هـ‬
mountain) with pain. with hunger)
‫ ضهى‬III to be similar, alike, or corresponding; ‫ ضور‬ḍaur violent hunger
to resemble (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ هـ‬s.th.), be like s.o. or
s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)هـ‬, correspond (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ هـ‬to ‫ ضوضاء‬ḍauḍā noise, din, uproar
s.th.); to compare (‫ ب هـ‬,‫ على‬s.th. with; ‫بين‬ ‫ ضوضى‬ḍauḍan noise, din, uproar
‫ وبين‬-- two things); to imitate (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.)
(‫ ضاع )ضوع‬ḍā‘a u (ḍau’) to spread, diffuse,
‫ ضهى‬ḍahān O menopause, climacteric emanate (fragrance); to be fragrant,
546 exhmale fragrance V = I
‫ ضهى‬ḍaīy similar, (a)like, ‫ ضامَة‬look up alphabetically
corresponding, analogous
‫ ضوى‬ḍawā i to resort, have recourse (‫ الى‬to); --
‫ مَضاهاة‬muḍāhāh similarity, ḍawiya a to be lean, thin, spare, slight,
resemblance, likeness, correspondence, scrawny IV ‫ اضوى‬to weaken, debilitate (,‫هـ‬
analogy; comparison (‫ على‬with) ‫ ه‬s.o. s.th.), to harm, injure, damage,
‫ مَضاه‬muḍāh similar, (a)like, prejudice (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.) VII to join,
corresponding, analogous follow (‫ الى‬s.o.), attach o.s. (‫ الى‬to s.o.), to
rally, flock (‫ الى‬around, ‫ )تحت لوائه‬around or ‫ مَضيع‬muḍayyi‘ prodigal, squandering,
under s.o.’s banner) wasteful
‫ ضاو‬ḍāwin thin, lean, spare, slight, (‫ ضاف )ضيف‬ḍāfa i (‫ ضيافة‬ḍiyāfa) to stop or
scrawny stay as a guest II to take in as a guest,
receive hospltably, entertain (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV =
(‫ ضار )ضير‬ḍāra i (ḍair) to harm, injure,
II; to add, subjoin, annex, attach (‫هـ الى‬
damage, prejudice (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), inflict
s.th. to); to admix (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to); to
damage (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬upon)
connect, bring in relation (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. with);
‫ ضير‬ḍair harm, damage, injury, to ascribe, attribute, assign (‫ هـ الى‬s.th. to
prejudice; wrong, iniquity, offense s.o.) │ ‫( اضاف اسما الى اسم‬isman) to annex a
‫ قسمة ضيزى‬qisma ḍīzā unjust division noun (the first member of a genitive
construction) to another (the second
(‫ ضاع )ضيع‬ḍā‘a i (ḍai‘, ‫ ضياع‬ḍayā‘) to get lost, member; gram.); ‫( اضف الى ذلك ان‬aḍif)
be lost (‫ على‬for s.o.), to lose itself, what’s more ..., moreover..., furthermore
disappear; to perish II and IV to ruin, let …, VII to be added, be annexed, be
perish, thwart, frustrate, mar, destroy (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ subjoined, be attached (‫ الى‬to) X to invite
s.o., s.th.); to lose. forfeit (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be s.o, (‫ )ه‬to be one’s guest
deprived (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to waste, squander,
sped uselessly (‫ ه‬s.th.); to neglect, omit (‫هـ‬ ‫ ضيف‬ḍaif pl. ‫ ضيوف‬ḍuyūf, ‫ اضياف‬aḍyāf,
s.th.); to miss, let go by (‫ هـ‬s.th.), let slip ( ‫ ضيفان‬ḍīfān guest; visitor
‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., an opportunity) │ ‫ضيع حقه‬ ‫ ضيافة‬ḍiyāfa hospltable reception,
(ḥaqqahū) to forfeit one’s right; ‫الصيف‬ entertainment as guest, accommodation;
‫ ضيعت اللبن‬aṣ-ṣaifa ḍayya‘ti l-labana hospltality │ ‫ انت في ضيافتي‬you are my
(invar.) approx.: you have let the guest
opportunity go by, you milled your
‫ مَضياف‬miḍyāf hospltable; hospltable
chance; ‫( اضاع صوابه‬ṣawābahū) to lose
host
one’s mind; ‫( اضاع عليه فرصة‬furṣa) to make
s.o. miss an opportunity; ‫( اضاع الوقت‬waqt) ‫ مَضافة‬muḍāfa hostel, guesthouse, inn
to waste time ‫ مَضيفة‬mayafa guest room; guesthouse
‫ ضيع‬ḍai‘ loss 547 ‫ اضافة‬iḍāfa addition, apposition;
‫ ضيعة‬ḍai‘a pl. ‫ ضياع‬ḍiyā‘ landed estate, subjunction, annexation, appending,
country estate, domain; small village, attachment, augmentation,
hamlet supplementation; assignment, allocation;
ascription, attribution (‫ الى‬to); genitive
‫ ضياع‬ḍayā‘ loss; ruin, destruction,
construction (gram.) │ ‫( اضافة الى اجل‬ajal)
perdition │ ‫ ضياع الوقت‬ḍ. al-waqt loss of
limitation (of a legal transaction; Isl.
time
Law); ‫ بالَضافة الى‬in comparison with, in
‫ يا ضيعانة‬yā ḍī‘āna what a loss! relation to; with respect to, regarding ...;
‫ مَضياع‬miḍyā‘ prodigal, squandering, with regard to, in consideration of; in
wasteful; squanderer, wastrel, spend-thrift addition to, beside; ‫بالَضافة الى ذلك‬
moreover, furthermore, besides
‫ تضييع‬taḍyī‘ waste, squandering,
dissipation; neglect, omission ‫ اضافي‬iḍāfī additional, supplementary,
auxiliary, contributory, extra; secondary,
‫ اضاعة‬iḍā‘a waste, squandering, subsidiary, tributary, accessory, incidental,
dissipation; neglect, omission │ ‫اضاعة‬ side-, by- (in compounds); relative
‫ الوقت‬i. al-waqt waste of time (philos.)
‫ ضائع‬ḍā’i‘ pl. ‫ ضيع‬ḍuyya‘, ‫ ضياع‬ḍiyā‘ ‫ اضافية‬iḍāfīya relativity (philos.)
(getting) lost; poor, wretched, miserable
‫ مَضيف‬muḍīf host
‫ مَضيعة‬maḍī‘a ruin, destruction,
perdition, lost; -- muḍī‘a, ‫( مَضيعة للوقت‬li-l- ‫ مَضيفة‬muḍīfa hostess; air hostess,
waqt) waste of time, loss of time stewardess
‫ مَضاف‬muḍāf added, subjoined, ‫ النطاق‬do.; small range, limited extent,
adjoined, apposed; construct state (gram.) narrow scope; ‫ ضيق اليد‬ḍ. al-yad poverty,
│ ‫ المضاف اليه‬the second, or governed, destitution
noun of a genitive construction (gram.); ‫ ضيق‬ḍayyiq narrow; tight; cramped;
‫ مَضافا الى ذلك‬moreover, furthermore, short, scarce; confined, limited, restricted
besides │ ‫ ضيق الخلق‬ḍ. al-kalq illiberal,
(‫ ضيق )ضاق‬ḍāqa i (ḍaiq) to be or ungenerous; impatient, annoyed; ‫ضيق‬
become narrow, straitened, cramped, ‫ الصدر‬ḍ. aṣ-ṣadr vexed, annoyed (‫ ب‬over,
confined; to become too narrow, too at, by), angry (‫ ب‬at, with); upset,
confined (‫ ب‬for); to be anguished, uneasy, depressed, downcast, dejected; ‫ضيق العقل‬
depressed, dejected (‫ ب‬because of, by, at, ḍ. al-‘aql narrow-minded, hidebound,
about); to become or be tired, weary (‫ ب‬of dull-witted; ‫ ضيق النطاق‬small-range; of
s.o., of s.th.) │ ‫( ضاقت به الرض‬arḍu) to be narrow scope, limited in extent; confined,
at a loss, be at one’s wit’s end; ‫ضاق به الحياة‬ limited, restricted
(ḥayātu) life depressed him, 548 he had a ‫ ضيقة‬ḍaiqa, ḍīqa straitened
bad time, he was bad off; ‫ضاقت به السبل‬ circumstances, poverty; anguish
(subulu) to be at a loss, be at the end of
one’s tether, be at one’s wit’s end; ‫ضاق به‬ ‫ اضيق‬aḍyaq2 narrower, tighter
‫( ذرعا ب‬dar‘an) not to be up to s.th.. be ‫ مَضيق‬maḍīq pl. ‫ مَضايق‬maḍāyiq2, ‫مَضائق‬
unable to do or accomplish s.th.; not to be strait(s); defile, (mountain) pass;
able to stand or bear s.th., be fed up with, narrow(s), stricture
be tired of, feel uneasy about, be
oppressed by; ‫ ضاق عنه ذرعا‬do.; ‫ضاق صدره‬ ‫ تضييق‬taḍyīq narrowing, tightening;
(ṣadruhū) to be annoyed, angry; ‫ضاقت يده‬ restriction, limitation; oppression │ ‫تضييق‬
‫( عن‬yaduhū) to be incapable of; to be too ‫ الحصار‬tightening of the blockade; ‫تضييق‬
poor to … II to make narrow or narrower, ‫( الخناق‬tightening of the rope =) strangling,
narrow (down), straiten, cramp, tighten, suppression
confine, constrain, restrain, restrict, ‫ مَضايقة‬muḍāyaqa pl. -āt affliction,
contract (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pull tight (‫ هـ‬s.th., distress, grievance, embarrassment;
e.g., a dress); to harass, oppress, beset, obstruction, impediment. disturbance,
besiege, beleaguer (‫ على‬s.o.); to keep (‫على‬ harassment, molestation; depressing state;
s.o.) short (‫ في‬in s.th.) │ ‫ ضيق الحصار‬to anger, annoyance, vexation, irritation;
tighten the blockade; ‫ ضيق على نفسه‬to inconvenience, difficulty, trouble,
restrain o.s., take restrictions upon o.s. III nuisance
to vex, annoy, anger (‫ ه‬s.o.); to harass,
oppress, beset (‫ ه‬s.o.); to trouble, bother, ‫ ضائقة‬ḍā’iqa pl. ‫ ضوائق‬ḍawā’iq2
inconvenience, disturb, hinder, hamper, predicament, straits, difficulty; critical
impede, affect gravely (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), situation, crisis │ ‫ ضائقة العيش‬ḍ. al-‘aiš
bear down heavily (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬upon); to cause straitened circumstances; ‫ضائقة مَالية‬
trouble (‫ ه‬to s.o.) VI to be or become (mālīya) financial straits
narrow, to narrow; to become annoyed, ‫ مَضايق‬muḍāyiq troublesome, irksome,
become irritated; to be angry (‫ مَن‬at, about) wearisome, disturbing, annoying;
‫ ضيق‬ḍīq narrowness; tightness, nuisance (person)
closeness; confinement, restriction, ‫ مَتضايق‬mutaḍāyiq annoyed, vexed,
limitation, constraint; shortage, scarcity; irritated, exasperated, hungry; hard
oppression, anguish; dejectedness, pressed
depression, distress; lack, want, paucity, 1
(‫ ضام )ضيم‬ḍāma i (ḍaim) to wrong, harm (‫ه‬
poverty; care, worry, anxiety; anger,
s.o.), inflict damage (‫ ه‬upon s.o.); to treat
annoyance, irritation, exasperation;
unjustly (‫ ه‬s.o.) X = I
weariness, ennui │ ‫ ضيق ذات اليد‬ḍ. dāt al-
yad poverty, destitution; ‫ ضيق المقام‬ḍ. al- ‫ ضيم‬ḍaim pl. ‫ ضيوم‬ḍuyūm wrong,
maqām crampedness lack of space; ‫ضيق‬ inequity, injustice; harm, damage,
detriment, injury
‫ ضامَة‬look up alphabetically treatment (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.) V to
receive, or undergo, medical treatment,
‫ط‬ submit to medical treatment; to practice
‫ ط‬abbreviation of ‫ قيراط‬qīrāṭ medicine, engage in the medical field X to
seek medical advice (‫ ه‬from s.o.), consult (
‫ طاء‬ṭā’ name of the letter ‫ط‬ ‫ ه‬a doctor)
‫ طابة‬ṭāba pl. -āt ball ‫ طب‬ṭibb medical treatment: medicine,
‫ طابور‬ṭābūr pl. ‫ طوابير‬ṭawābīr2 battalion; (eg.) medical science │ ‫ طب السنان‬ṭ. al-asnān
line, file, single file (of soldiers, of dentistry, dental science; ‫الطب البيطري‬
persons walking one behind the other); (baiṭarī) veterinary science; ‫الطب الشرعي‬
queue │ ‫ الطابور الخامَس‬the fifth column (šar‘ī) forensic medicine; ‫الطب النفساني‬
(nafsānī) psychiatry; ‫‘ علم الطب‬ilm aṭ-ṭ.
‫ طابية‬ṭābiya pl. ‫ طواب‬ṭawābin fortress, fort;
medical science, medicine; ‫كلية الطب‬
round fortress tower; (eg.) rook, castle
kullīyat aṭ-ṭ. medical school, medical
(chess)
college, (chiefly G. B.:) faculty of
‫ طاجن‬ṭājin pl. ‫ طواجن‬ṭawājin2 frying pan; (eg.) medicine
shallow earthen pot
‫ طبي‬ṭibbī medical, pertaining to the
‫ طارة‬,‫ طار‬see ‫طور‬ medical profession or science │ ‫لَئق طبيا‬
‫ طارمَة‬pl. -āt kiosk, booth, cabin, stall (ṭibbīya) physically fit (e.g., for military
service)
‫ طازة‬ṭāza fresh, tender, new
‫ طبة‬ṭabba pl. -āt (eg.) cushion, pad;
‫ طازج‬ṭāza fresh, new plug, stopper, stopple; bung
1
‫ طاس‬and ‫ طاسة‬see ‫طوس‬ ‫ طبيب‬ṭabib pl. ‫ اطبة‬,2‫ اطباء‬aṭibba
2
‫ طاؤوس‬ṭā’ūs and ‫ طاووس‬ṭāwūs pl. ‫طواويس‬ physician, doctor │ ‫( طبيب بيطري‬baiṭarī)
ṭawāwīs2 peacock veterinarian; ‫( طبيب خاص‬kāṣṣ) physician in
ordinary, private physician (e.g., of a
‫ طأطأ‬ṭa’ṭa’a to incline, bend, tilt, bow (‫رأسه‬ king); ‫ طبيب ساحر‬medicine man, shaman;
ra’sahū one’s head; also used without ‫ طبيب السنان‬dental surgeon, dentist; ‫طبيب‬
‫)رأسه‬ ‫( شرعي‬šar‘ī) medical examiner (jur.); ‫طبيب‬
‫ مَطأطئ‬muṭa’ṭi’ with bowed head ‫( المَراض الجلدية‬jildīya) dermatologist 550
‫ مَطأطأ‬muṭaṭa’: ‫ مَطأطأ الرأس‬m. ar-ra’s ‫ طبيبة‬ṭabība female doctor, doctress
with bowed head ‫ طبابة‬ṭibāba medical treatment; medical
1
‫ طاق‬ṭāq pl. -āt, ‫ طيقان‬ṭīqān arch (arch.); (pl. profession
-āt) layer, stratum ‫ تطبيب‬taṭbīb healing art, medical
2
‫ طاقة‬ṭāqa pl. -āt window practice, medical profession
3
‫ طاقية‬ṭāqīya pl. □ ‫ طواقي‬ṭawāqī white cotton ‫ مَتطبب‬mutaṭabbib quack, quacksalver
skullcap (often worn under the tarboosh: ‫ طبخ‬ṭabaka a (ṭabk) to cook (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VII to be
in Eg. = ‫ ;)عرقية‬fatigue cap (of the Eg. or get cooked
Territorial Army)
‫ طبخ‬ṭabk cooking, cookery; cooked
‫ طأمَن‬see ‫طمأن‬ food; O celluloid
‫( طاولة‬It. tavola) ṭāwula table │ ‫لعبة الطاولة‬ ‫ طبخة‬ṭabka (n. un.) (article of cooked)
la‘bat aṭ-ṭāwila backgammon, tricktrack; food, meal, dish, course
‫ تنس الطاولة‬table tennis
‫ طباخ‬ṭabbāk cook
‫ طب‬ṭabba u i (ṭabb, ṭibb, tubb) to treat
medically (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), give medical ‫ طبيخ‬ṭabīk cooked food, fare
treatment (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to seek to ‫ طباخة‬ṭibāka culinary art, cookery,
remedy, tackle (‫ ل‬s.th.) II to treat cuisine
medically (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), give medical
‫ مَطبخ‬maṭbak pl. ‫ مَطابخ‬maṭābik2 kitchen; ‫ الطبع‬in (the) press, at press (typ.); ‫مَسودة‬
cookshop, eating house, luncheonette ‫ الطبع‬muswaddat and musawwadat aṭ-ṭ.
proof sheet, galley proof (typ.); ‫اعادة الطبع‬
‫ مَطبخ‬miṭbak pl. ‫ مَطابخ‬maṭābik2 any
i‘ādat aṭ-ṭ. reprinting reprint; ‫ طبعا‬ṭab‘an
cooking apparatus (also, e.g., a hot plate),
or ‫ بالطبع‬by nature, by natural disposition;
cooking stove, kitchen range, portable
naturally! of course! certainly! to be sure!
range
‫ سيئ الطبع‬sayyi’ aṭ-ṭ. ill-disposed, ill-
1
‫ طبر‬ṭabar hatchet, ax, battle-ax natured, evil by nature; (‫شاذ الطبع )الطباع‬
‫ طبردار‬ṭabardār sapper, pioneer (mil.) šadd aṭ-ṭ. eccentric, extravagant
2
‫ طابور‬look up alphabetically ‫ طبعة‬ṭab‘a pl. -āt printing, print;
3
edition, issue, impression
‫ طبرية‬ṭabarīya2 Tiberias (city in Palestine, on
W shore of Sea of Galilee) ‫ طباع‬ṭabbā‘ printer

‫ طبشورة‬ṭabšūra (syr.) chalk ‫ طباعة‬ṭibā‘a art of printing │ ‫آلة الطباعة‬


printing press
‫ طباشير‬ṭabāšīr2 chalk
‫ طباعي‬ṭibā‘ī typographic(al) 551
‫ طباشيري‬ṭabāšīrī chalky, cretaceous,
chalk- (in compounds) ‫ طبيعة‬ṭabī‘a pl. ‫ طبائع‬ṭabā’i‘2 nature;
natural disposition, constitution;
‫ طبطب‬ṭabṭaba to gurgle, purl (water); to pat, peculiarity, individuality, character;
stroke, caress (‫ على‬s.o.) regular, normal manner; physics; natural
‫ طبطابة‬ṭabṭāba bat, mallet, racket (for science │ ‫ بطبيعة الحال‬by the very nature of
ball games) the case, as is (was) only natural, ipso
facto, naturally, as a matter of course; ‫عالم‬
‫ طبع‬ṭaba‘a a (ṭab‘) to provide with an imprint, ‫ الطبيعة‬physicist; natural scientist; ‫علم الطبيعة‬
impress or impression (‫ هـ‬or ‫ على‬s.th.); to ‘ilm aṭ-ṭ. physics; natural science; ‫فلسفة مَا‬
impress with a stamp, seal or signet (‫ هـ‬or ‫( وراء )بعد( الطبيعة‬falsafatu) metaphysics;
‫ على‬s.th.), leave or set one’s stamp, seal, ‫ فوق الطبيعة‬supernatural; ‫ طبائع الشياء‬the
mark, or impress (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬on s.o. on nature of things, state of affairs
s.th.); to stamp, imprint, impress (‫على ه‬
s.th. on); to mint, coin (‫ هـ‬money); to print ‫ طبيعي‬ṭabī‘ī nature’s, of nature, nature-
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); pass. ṭubi‘a to have a natural (in compounds), natural; inborn, innate,
aptitude or disposition, have a propensity, inherent, native; normal, ordinary, usual,
be disposed by nature (‫ على‬for) │ ‫طبعه‬ regular; physical; physicist; natural
‫( بطابعه‬bi-ṭābi‘ihī) to place, set, or leave scientist; naturalist │ ‫ عالم طبيعي‬physicist;
one’s stamp, mark, or impress on s.o. or natural scientist; ‫ الطبيعيات‬physics; natural
s.th., impart one’s own character to s.o. or science
s.th.; ‫( طبع عليه‬ṭubi‘a) to be innate, inherent ‫ مَطبع‬maṭba‘ print shop, printing office,
in s.o., be native, natural to s.o. II to tame, printing house, press
domesticate, break in, train (‫ هـ‬an animal)
V ‫( تطبع بطباعه‬bi-ṭibā‘ihī) to take on, ‫ مَطبعة‬maṭba‘a pl. ‫ مَطابع‬maṭābi‘2 print
assume, or receive s.o.’s peculiar shop, printing office, printing house, press
character, bear s.o.’s stamp or impress VII │ ‫ حرية المطابع‬ḥurrīyat al-m. freedom of
to be stamped, be printed, be imprinted, be the press
impressed; to leave an imprint or ‫ مَطبعي‬maṭba‘ī printing, printer’s (in
impression (‫ في‬on); to be disposed by compounds), typographic(al) │ ‫خطأ مَطبعي‬
nature (‫ على‬for) (kaṭa’) and ‫( غلطة مَطبعية‬galṭa)
‫ طبع‬ṭab‘ printing (of a book), print; (pl. typographical error, misprint, erratum
‫ طباع‬ṭibā‘) impress, impression, stamp, ‫( مَطبعجي‬eg.) majba‘gī printer
hallmark, peculiarity, characteristic,
‫ مَطبعة‬miṭba‘a pl. ‫ مَطابع‬maṭābi‘2 printing
nature, character, temper, (natural)
machine, printing press
disposition │ ‫ طبع الحجر‬al-ḥajar
lithography; ‫ طبع الحروف‬typography; ‫تحت‬
‫ طابع‬ṭābi‘ printer; -- ṭāba‘ impress, fit, suit (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.), hold good (‫على‬
stamp, mark, character; (pl. ‫ طوابع‬ṭawābi‘2) for), be true (‫ على‬of); to 552 be in
seal, signet; stamp; imprint, print, impress, conformity, be consistent, be compatible,
impression; (postage, be in keeping, conform, agree (‫ على‬with),
correspond (‫ على‬to s.th.)
etc.) stamp; tablet, pill │ ‫ طابع البريد‬and
‫ طابع بريدي‬postage stamp; ‫طابع تذكاري‬ ‫ طبق‬ṭibqa (prep.) according to,
(tadkārī) commemorative stamp; ‫طابع‬ corresponding to, in accordance with, in
‫ الصابع‬fingerprint; ‫ صاحب الطابع‬keeper of conformity with │ ‫( طبقا لـ‬ṭibqan) do.;
the seal; ‫ طبعه بطابعه‬to place, set, or leave, ‫( صورة طبق الصل‬ṣūra, aṣl) true copy; exact
one’s stamp, mark, or impress on s.o. or replica
s.th., impart one’s own character to s.o. or ‫ طبق‬ṭabaq pl. ‫ اطباق‬aṭbāq lid, cover,
s.th. plate; dish, shallow bowl; (round) tray,
‫ مَطبوع‬maṭbū‘ printed, imprinted; salver; ash tray; (pl. ‫اطباق‬, also ‫ طباق‬ṭibāq)
stereotyped; pl. -āt printed material, layer, tier; stratum (of the air); pl. ‫طباق‬
prints; printed matter │ ‫مَطبوع بطابعه‬ (with foll. genit.) superposed masses,
bearing the stamp, mark or impress of s.o. layered formations, piles, large quantities
or s.th., being characterized by; ‫مَطبوع على‬ of ... │ ‫ اطباق طائرة‬flying saucers
do., being by its very nature ..., having the ‫ يد طبقة‬yad ṭabiqa closed hand
innate property of...; ‫( مَطبوع دوري‬daurī) a
periodical; ‫ قانون المطبوعات‬press law ‫ طبقة‬ṭabaqa pl. -āt layer; stratum (of
1 earth, air, society, etc.); floor, story (of a
‫ طبق‬II to cover, cover up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make building); class, category; generation │ O
coincident or congruent, cause to ‫( الطبقة الطخرورية‬ṭukrūrīya) stratosphere; ‫الط‬
coincide, superpose (‫ بين‬two figures; ‫( بقات النجسة‬najisa) the impure castes, the
geom.); to fold (‫ هـ‬s.th., also, e.g., the pariahs; ‫( الطبقة المتوسطة‬mutawassiṭa) the
hands); (eg.) to shoe (‫ هـ‬a hors.); to apply ( middle class(es); ‫ حرب الطبقات‬ḥarb aṭ-ṭ.
‫ على هـ‬s.th. to); to be common, universal, class struggle; ‫‘ علم طبقات الرض‬ilm ṭ. al-
widespread; to spread (also ‫ هـ‬throughout arḍ geology; ‫ مَعدود في الطبقات الثالثة‬regarded
s.th.), pervade (‫ هـ‬s.th.); pass. ṭubbiga to as third-rate
be applied, apply, be applicable be
effective be valid │ ‫طبقت شهرته تلفاق‬ ‫ طابق‬ṭābaq, ṭābiq pl. ‫ طوابق‬ṭawābiq2
(šuhratuhū) he (it) enjoyed, or achieved, large bricks; floor, story (of a building) │
world-wide fame; ‫( طبق صيته الخافقين‬ṣītuhū, ‫( الطابق الرضي‬arḍī) ground floor
kāfiqain) do., his (its) fame spread ‫ طاباق‬ṭābāq pl. ‫ طوابيق‬ṭawābīq2 large
throughout the world III to bring to bricks
coincidence, make coincident or
congruent, cause to coincide (‫ وبين‬-- ‫بين‬ ‫ طباق‬ṭibāq (with foll. genit. or suffix)
s.th. with), correlate, compare, contrast ( that which is in agreement, in keeping, or
‫ وبين‬-- ‫ بين‬s.th. with); to adapt, adjust, tally, in conformity with ..., corresponding,
trim into shape (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to suit, fit, match analogous (to s.th.), in accordance (with),
(‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), go, tally (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with), adapt conformable (to), consistent (with),
o.s., adjust o.s. (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to compatible (with); antithesis,
correspond (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), concur, agree, juxtaposition of contrasting ideas (rhet.)
conform, be in keeping (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with s.o., ‫ طبيق‬ṭabīq (with foll. genit. or suffix)
with s.th.), fit (‫ هـ‬into s.th.) IV to close, sth. in agreement, in keeping, or in
shut (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., the eyes, mouth, etc.); conformity with ..., corresponding,
to cover, cover up (‫ على‬,‫ هـ‬s.th., also ‫هـ‬ analogous (to s.th.), in accordance (with),
with one’s hand ‫ على‬s.th.); to surround, consistent (with), compatible (with)
encircle, encompass (‫ على‬s.o.); to be
agreed, agree, come to an agreement (‫على‬ ‫ تطبيق‬taṭbīq adaptation,
on, about) │ ‫( اطبق على يدي‬yadī) he pressed accommodation, adjustment; application
my hand V to get or be covered or closed
VII = V; to be applicable, apply (‫ على‬to),
‫ تطبيقي‬taṭbīqī applied; practical, serving ‫ طاجن‬ṭājin pl. ‫ طواجن‬ṭawājin2 frying pan; (eg.)
practical ends │ ‫ علوم تطبيقية‬applied shallow earthen pot
sciences ‫ طحطح‬ṭaḥṭaḥā to break, shatter, smash (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَطابقة‬muṭābaqa agreement, conformity, ‫( طحل‬ṭuḥl) sediment, dregs, less
congruity, correspondence
‫( طحال‬ṭiḥāl pl. -āt, ‫ طحل‬ṭuḥul spleen,
‫ تطابق‬taṭābuq congruence (geom.) milt
‫ مَطابق‬muṭābiq corresponding, ‫ طحالي‬ṭiḥālī splenic
congruous, conformable, in agreement or
conformity (with) │ ‫ مَطابق للحقيقة‬true, ‫ طحال‬ṭuḥal inflammation of the spleen,
truthful, veracious, agreeing with the splenitis
facts, true to nature, lifelike ‫ مَطحول‬maṭḥūl having a diseased spleen,
‫ مَطبق‬muṭbiq entire, complete, utter, splenetic
absolute, total; -- mutbaq pressed; coated, ‫ طحلب‬ṭuḥlub (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ طحالب‬ṭaḥālib2
incrusted (‫ بالذهب‬with gold); subterranean water moss
dungeon, oubliette, underground chamber
│ ‫( الحروف المطبقة‬muṭbaqa) (phon.) the ‫ طحن‬ṭaḥana a (ṭaḥn) to grind, mill, bray,
sounds ṣ, ḍ, ṭ, ẓ pulverize (‫هـ‬, s.th., esp. grain); to crush,
2
ruin, destroy (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to wear out,
‫ طباق‬ṭabāq, ṭubāq (eg.) tobacco wear down (‫ ه‬s.o.), exact as heavy toll (‫ ه‬of
‫ طبل‬ṭabala u (ṭabl) to beat a drum; to drum II = s.o.; age, yean) VI to quarrel, wrangle, be
I; to beat the drum (‫ ل‬for s.o., i.e., to antagonistic, be in conflict (with one
campaign, make propaganda for s.o.) another), to conflict
‫ طبل‬ṭabl drumming, drumbeat; (pl. ‫طبول‬ ‫ طحن‬ṭiḥn flour, meal
ṭubūl, ‫ اطبال‬aṭbāl) drum; bass drum (of the ‫ طحين‬ṭaḥīn flour, meal
Western orchestra)
‫ طحيني‬ṭaḥīnī mealy, farinaceous
‫ طبلة‬ṭabla drum │ ‫ طبلة الذن‬ṭ. al-udun
eardrum, tympanic membrane ‫ طحينية‬ṭaḥīnīya (eg.) a sweet made of
sesame-seed, meal and sugar
‫ طبلة‬ṭabla pl. -āt, ‫ طبل‬ṭubal (eg.) look,
padlock ‫ طحينة‬ṭaḥīna (eg., syr.) a thick sauce
made of sesame oil, and served with
‫ طبلي‬ṭablī drum-shaped salads, vegetables, etc.
‫ طبال‬ṭabbāl pl. -ūn, drummer ‫ طحان‬ṭaḥḥān miller
‫ مَطبل‬muṭabbal moist, damp (ground) ‫ طاحون‬ṭāḥūn and ‫ طاحونة‬ṭāhūna pl. ‫طواح‬
2
‫ طبلة‬ṭabla pl. -āt table ‫ ن‬ṭawāḥīn2 mill, grinder │ ‫ طاحونة الهواء‬ṭ.
al-hawā’ windmill
‫ طبلة‬ṭablīya pl. -āt, □ ‫ طبالي‬ṭabālī a low,
round table; turntable; tray, wooden salver ‫ مَطحنة‬miṭḥana pl. ‫ مَطاحن‬maṭāḥin2 mill,
1 grinder
‫ طبن‬ṭabina a to be bright, intelligent
‫ مَطحنة‬maṭḥana pl. ‫ مَطحنة‬maṭḥana2 mill;
‫ طبن‬ṭabin bright, intelligent 553 flour mill
2
‫ طابونة‬ṭābūna (‫ طبونة‬ṭābūna) pl. -āt a small, ‫ طاحن‬ṭāḥin molar tooth, grinder
jar-shaped oven, sunk in the ground, open
on top, used for baking bread; bakery; ‫ طاحنة‬ṭāḥina pl. ‫ طواحن‬ṭawāḥin2 molar
(pal., eg.) (baker’s) oven tooth, grinder
3
‫ طبن‬ṭabbān pl. -āt (wheel) tire O ‫ الطبقة الطحرورية‬aṭ-ṭabaqa aṭ-ṭukrūrīya the
stratosphere
‫ طبنجة‬ṭabanja pl. -āt pistol
‫ طر‬ṭarra u (ṭarr, ‫ طرور‬ṭurūr) to sharpen, hone,
‫ طابية‬ṭābiya pl. ‫ طواب‬look up alphabetically whet (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to grow; to sprout, come
out (mustache, hair)
‫ طرا‬ṭurran altogether, all without ‫ طرب‬ṭarib pl. ‫ طراب‬ṭarib moved (with
exception, one and all joy or grief), touched, affected; delighted,
enraptured, transported, pleased, charmed
‫ طرة‬ṭurra pl. ‫ طرر‬ṭurar forelock;
knotted cloth or kerchief ‫ طروب‬ṭarūb gay, merry, lively
‫ طرار‬ṭarrār pl. ‫ طرارة‬ṭarrara (magr.) ‫ اطرب‬aṭrab2 more delightful; making
tambourine player; rogue, scoundrel better music, being a batter musician;
more melodious
‫ طرأ‬ṭara’a a (ṭar’, ‫ طروء‬ṭurū’) to descend,
break in, come (‫ على‬upon), overtake, befall ‫ اطراب‬iṭrāb delight, delectation,
(‫ على‬s.o.), happen unexpectedly (‫ على‬to diversion
s.o.); to occur (‫ على‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o., of an idea) ‫ مَطرب‬muṭrib delightful, ravishing,
│ ‫ مَاذا طرأ عليه‬what’s got into him all of a charming, amusing, entertaining;
sudden? what’s the matter with him all of melodious; musician; singer, vocalist,
a sudden? ‫( طرأت عليه فكرة‬fikratun) an idea chansonnier
occurred to him, he had an idea; ‫لم يطرأ على‬
‫( الحالة تبدل يذكر‬tabaddulun yudkaru) (no ‫ مَطربة‬muṭriba singer, songstress,
change worth mentioning came over the vocalist, chanteuse
situation, i.e.) the situation remained ‫ طربيزة‬ṭarābēza (eg.) table
substantially unchanged IV to praiae, laud,
extol (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ طرابلس‬look up alphabetically
‫ طريء‬ṭarī’ fresh, new ‫ طربوش‬ṭarbūš pl. ‫ طرابيش‬ṭarābīš tarboosh, fez
‫ طارئ‬ṭāri’ foreign, extraneous, ‫ طرابيشي‬ṭarābīšī tarboooh merchant
extrinsic, unusual; accidental, incidental, ‫ مَطربش‬muṭarbaš wearing a tarboosh,
casual, unforeseen, unexpected, tarbooshed
contingent; a new factor or development
intervening suddenly, a contingent; 554 ‫ مَتطربش‬mitaṭarbiš wearing a tarboosh,
unexpected visitor; sudden stirring, tarbooshed; hence, in Eg., a member of
sudden impulses (‫ مَن‬e.g., of joy) the white-collar class, of the educated
middle class
‫ طارئة‬ṭāri’a pl. ‫ طوارئ‬ṭawāri’
unforeseen event, unexpected case, a ‫ طرح‬ṭaraḥa a (ṭarḥ) to throw, cast, fling, toss (
contingent; new factor or development; ‫ على ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th. onto or upon); to throw,
incident, accident │ ‫ حالة الطوارئ‬state of toss, or fling away, throw off, discard,
emergency dump (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to remove, drive
away, expel, reject, disown, repudiate (‫ب‬
‫ طرآني‬ṭur’ānī of unknown origin, wild or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.): to throw or put (‫ على هـ‬a
‫ طرابلس‬ṭarābulus2: ‫ طرابلس الشام‬Tripoli (in garment on or over s.o.); to present,
Lebanon); ‫ طرابلس الغرب‬ṭ. al-garb Tripoli submit (‫ ه على‬s.th. to s.o.); to teach (‫ ه على‬a
(in Libya) tune to s.o.); to cede, surrender, yield (‫هـ ل‬
s.th. to s.o.); to miscarry, have a
‫ طرب‬ṭriba a (ṭarab) to be moved (with joy or miscarriage; to deduct, subtract, discount (
grief); to be delighted, be overjoyed, be ‫ هـ مَن‬s.th. from) │ ‫طرحه في المناقصة العامَة‬
transported with joy II to delight, fill with (munāqaṣa, ‘āmma) to invite tenders, or
delight, enrapture, please, gratify (‫ ه‬s.o.); bide, publicly for s.th. (e.g., the
to sing, vocalize, chant IV to delight, fill government for some project); ‫طرح عليه‬
with delight, enrapture, please, gratify (‫ه‬ َ‫( سؤال‬suālan) to put a question to s.o.; ‫طرح‬
s.o.); to make music; to sing, vocalize, ‫( مَسألة على بساط البحث‬mas’alatan, b. il-baḥt)
chant: to play music (‫ ه‬for s.o.), sing (‫ ه‬to to broach or raise a question, present a
s.o.) problem for consideration II to cause a
‫ طرب‬ṭarab pl. ‫ اطراب‬aṭrāb joy, pleasure, miscarriage (‫ ها‬to a woman); ‫طرح هـ اطراحا‬
delight, rapture; amusement, (iṭṭirāḥan) to throw s.th. far away, fling
entertainment (with music and the like); s.th. off or away III to exchange (‫ ه هـ‬with
music │ ‫ آلة الطرب‬musical instrument s.o. s.th.) │ ‫( طارحه الكلم‬kalām) to
converse with s.o., have a talk with s.o.; ‫ طرخون‬ṭarkūn tarragon (Artemisia
‫ طارحه الحديث‬to chat with s.o., have a dracunculus; bot.)
conversation with s.o.; ‫( طارحه السئلة‬as’ila) ‫ طرد‬ṭarada u (ṭard) to drive away, chase away,
to exchange questions with s.o. V to drop, push away, shove away, reject, repel,
fall, or tumble to the ground VI to banish, exile, dismiss, drive out, expel,
exchange with one another (‫ هـ‬e.g., evict (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ مَن‬s.o., s.th. from); to chase,
thoughts) VII to be flung, be tossed, be hunt, hound (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o. s.th.) │ ‫طرده مَن مَنصبه‬
thrown, be rejected, be expelled, be (manṣibihī) to relieve s.o. of his office,
disowned, be repudiated; to throw o.s. dismiss s.o. II = I; III to assault, attack ( ,‫هـ‬
down, prostrate 555 o.s. (e.g., ‫على الرض‬ ‫ ه‬s.o.), launch an attack (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬on); to stalk (
on the ground); to be thrown down, be ‫ هـ‬an animal, game); to pursue, follow ( ,‫هـ‬
dropped VIII to throw far away, fling off ‫ ه‬s.o. s.th.), run after s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)هـ‬,
or away (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to discard, throw away ( give chase (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to) VIII to drive away as
‫ هـ‬s.th.) booty (‫ هـ‬animals); to be consecutive, be
‫ طرح‬ṭarḥ expulsion, rejection, continuous, form an uninterrupted
repulsion, banishment, repudiation; sequence, succeed one another
miscarriage, abortion; subtraction, continuously; to sow uninterruptedly,
deduction, discount │ ‫ طرح البحر‬ṭ. al-baḥr carry water perennially (river); to progress
(eg.) alleviation, alluvial deposits or get on at a rapid pace, make good
headway (undertaking) X to proceed (in
‫ طرح‬ṭarḥ miscarried foetus
one’s speech), go on to say, continue (‫هـ‬
‫ طرحة‬ṭarḥa pl. ‫ طرح‬ṭuraḥ veil s.th., e.g., one’s speech); to change, pass
(sometimes embroidered) worn by Arab on (in speech) (‫ مَن – ل‬from -- to); to
women as a headcloth; headcloth, head digress (in speaking), make an excursus │
veil ‫( استطرد مَن ذلك الى قوله‬qaulihī) thereupon he
‫ طريح‬ṭarīḥ pl. ‫ طرحى‬ṭarḥā thrown proceeded to speak about ..., then he
down, cast down, dumped; thrown to the broached the subject of ..., after that he
ground, felled, prostrate; expelled, went on to say that ...
banished, rejected, disowned, repudiated ‫ طرد‬ṭard driving away, chasing away,
│ ‫ طريح الفراش‬bedridden, confined to bed repulsion, expulsion, eviction, dismissal,
‫ طريحة‬ṭarīḥa assignment, task │ ‫شغل‬ banishment, expatriation; pursuit, chase,
‫( بالطريحة‬šugl) job work, piecework (eg.) hunt; swarm (of bees); (pl. ‫ طرد‬ṭurūd)
parcel, package │ ‫بحث مَسألة طردا وعكسا‬
‫ طراحة‬ṭarrāḥa pl. ‫ طراريح‬ṭarārīḥ2 (mas’alata ṭardan wa-‘aksan) to study a
mattress; hassock, ottoman problem from all sides, in all its aspects
‫ اطروحة‬uṭrūḥa dissertation, thesis (Syr.) ‫ طرد‬ṭardī parcel-, package- (in
2
‫ مَطرح‬maṭraḥ pl. ‫ مَطارح‬maṭāriḥ place compounds), like a parcel or package
where s.th. is thrown or at which s.th. is ‫ طردة‬ṭarda (n. vic.) a driving away,
discarded, a dump; place, spot, location, chasing away, repulsion, expulsion,
locality; seat (in an auditorium) eviction, banishment
‫ اطراح‬iṭrāḥ rejection, repudiation ‫ طريد‬ṭarīd expelled, evicted, ousted,
‫ مَطروح‬maṭrūḥ thrown down, out down, outcast, outlawed, banished, exiled,
damped, thrown off, discarded; lying on expatriate(d); fugitive, fleeing, on the 556
the ground, prostrate; subtrahend (math.) run; expellee; outcast, outlaw; ‫ الطريدان‬aṭ-
│ ‫ المطروح مَنه‬minuend (math.) ṭarīdān night and day
‫ مَنطرح‬munṭariḥ thrown down, out ‫ طريدة‬ṭarīda pl. ‫ طرائد‬ṭarā’id2 game
down, dumped, thrown off, discarded; animal, game beast; game
expelled, banished, rejected, disowned, ‫ طراد‬ṭarrād cruiser (warship); (eg.)
repudiated dike, embankment, dam, levee (esp. of the
Nile)
‫ طرادة‬ṭarrāda cruiser (warship) ‫ اطرش‬aṭraiš2, f. ‫ طرشاء‬ṭaršā’2, pl. ‫طرش‬
ṭurš deaf ‫( اطرش اسك‬ašakk2) stone-deaf
‫ طراد‬ṯirād pursuit, chase
‫ مَطرش‬muṭarriš vomitive; emetic
‫ مَطارد‬muṭārada repulsion, expulsion,
2
banishment; pursuit, chase; hunt │ ‫طائرة‬ ‫ طرشي‬ṭuršī mixed pickles
‫ المطاردة‬fighter plane, pursuit plane, ‫ طرطر‬ṭarṭara to brag, boast, swagger, show off
interceptor
‫ طرطور‬ṭurṭūr pl. ‫ طراطير‬ṭarāṭīr2 high,
‫ اطراد‬iṭṭirād uninterrupted or regular
sequence, continuity conical cap (of dervisheo, clowns, etc.)
‫ استطراد‬istiṭrād pl. -āt digression, ‫ طرطور‬ṭarṯūr and ‫ طراطور‬ṭarāṭūr (eg.,
divagation; excursus syr.) a sort of mayonnaise (made of
ṭaḥīna, parsley, lemon, oil, milk, garlic
‫ مَطارد‬muṭārid pursuer; hunter │ ‫طائرة‬ and nuts)
‫ مَطاردة‬fighter plane, pursuit plane,
interceptor ‫ طرطش‬ṭarṯaša to splash, bespatter, splatter (‫ه‬
s.o.); to roughcast (‫ هـ‬a building, a wall)
‫ مَطرد‬muṭṭarid incessant, uninterrupted,
continuous, continual, unvarying, steady, ‫ طرطوفة‬ṭarṭūfa end, tip, point; Jerusalem
constant; general │ ‫ قاعدة مَطردة‬general artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.; bot.);
rule; ‫ مَطرد النسق‬m. an-nasaq uniform truffle
(adj.); ‫ مَطرد النغم‬m. an-nagm monotonous ‫ طرطير‬ṭarṭīr tartar, wine stone
(song)
‫ طرف‬ṭarafa, (ṭarf) to blink, twinkle,
‫ طرز‬II to embroider (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to embellish (‫ هـ‬a wink, squint (also ‫ بعينيه‬bi-‘ainaihi); --
story); to garnish (‫ هـ ب‬s.th., e.g., a dish ṭarufa u (‫ طرفة‬ṭarāfa) to be newly
with) acquired, be a recent acquisition IV to
‫ طرز‬ṭarz pl. ‫ طروز‬ṭurūz type, model, feature or tell s.th. new or novel, say s.th.
make, brand, sort, kind; fashion, style new or original, introduce a novel angle or
idea; to present (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ ب‬with s.th. new or
‫ طرزي‬ṭarzī fashion- (in compounds) novel), give (‫ ه‬to s.o. ‫ ب‬s.th. new or novel)
‫ طراز‬ṭirāz pl. ‫ طرز‬ṭuruz, ‫ اطرزة‬aṭriza V to be on the extreme 557 side, hold an
type, model, class, make, brand, sort, extreme viewpoint or position, go to
kind, variety, species; fashion, style; extremes, be radical, have radical views
architectural style; embroidery │ ‫مَن الطراز‬ ‫ طرف‬ṭarf eye; glance, look │ ‫مَا اشار‬
‫ القديم‬old-fashioned, outmoded; ‫قديم الطراز‬ ‫( بطرف‬ašāra) he didn’t bat an eye; ‫مَن طرف‬
do.; ‫ مَسلح بأقدم الطراز‬musallaḥ bi-aḥdat ṭ. ‫( خفي‬kafīy) secretly, furtively, discreetly;
equipped with the latest arms; ‫مَن الطراز‬ ‫ كارتداد الطرف‬ka-rtidādi ṭ-ṭ. in the twinkling
‫( الول‬awwal) first-class, first-rate of an eye, instantly
‫ تطريز‬taṭrīz embroidering, embroidery ‫ طرف‬ṭaraf pl. ‫ اطراف‬aṭrāf utmost part,
‫ طرس‬ṭirs pl. ‫ اطرس‬aṭrās, ‫ طروس‬ṭurūs sheet (of outermost point, extremity, end, tip, point,
paper); paper edge, fringe, limit, border; side; region,
area, section; ‫ طرف مَن‬part of, a bit of,
‫ طرش‬ṭariša a (ṭaraš) to be or become deaf; --
some; party (as, to a dispute, of a contract,
ṭaraša u to vomit, throw up, disgorge II to
etc.); ṭarafa (prep.) with, at, on the part or
deafen (‫ ه‬s.o.)
side of; pl. ‫ اطراف‬limbs, extremities; (with
‫ طرش‬ṭarš whitewashing foll. genit.) sections of, parts of │ ‫طرفي‬
‫ طرش‬ṭarš pl. ‫ طروش‬ṭurūš (syr.) hard (of ‫ النهار‬tarafayi n-nahār in the morning and
cattle), flock (of sheep) in the evening, mornings and evenings;
‫( كانوا على طرفي النقيض‬ṭarafai naqīḍ) they
‫ طرش‬ṭaraš deafness were at variance, they carried on a feud;
‫ طرشة‬ṭrša deafness ‫( كان واياه على طرفي نقيض‬wa-iyyāhu) they
held diametrically opposed views or
positions; ‫ اطراف البدن‬a. al-badan the
extremities of the bod, the limbs; ‫اطراف‬ a hammer, forge (‫ هـ‬s.th. esp. metal); to
‫ الصابع‬fingertips; ‫( على اطراف قدمَيه‬a. come over s.o. (‫)هـ‬, befall (‫ ب‬s.o.; of a
qadamaihi) on tiptoe; ‫ اطراف المدينة‬a. al- feeling); to come (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬to, upon; also of
madīna the outskirts of the city; ‫الطراف‬ events); to reach (‫ هـ‬s.th.), get to s.th. (‫)هـ‬,
‫( المتعاقدة‬muta‘āqida) the contracting get as far as s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to come by night │
parties; ‫ بطرف‬with, at, on the part or side ‫( طرق اذنه‬udunahū) to strike s.o.’s ear,
of; ‫ مَن طرف‬on the part of; ‫مَن طرف الى طرف‬ reach s.o.’s ear; ‫( طرق بباله‬bi-bālihī) to
from one end to the other; ‫احزاب طرف اليمين‬ occur to s.o., come to s.o.’s mind; ‫طرق في‬
the right-wing parties; ‫جاذي اطراف الحديث‬ ‫( ذهنه‬dihnihī) do.; ‫( طرق سمعه‬sam‘ahū) and
jādaba aṭrāfa l-ḥ. to talk, converse, have a ‫ طرق مَسامَعه‬to reach s.o.’s ear, come to
conversation; ‫جمع البراعة مَن اطرافها‬ s.o.’s knowledge or attention; ‫ طرق طريقا‬to
(barā‘ata) to be a highly efficient man, be tread, travel, follow, take, or use a road;
highly qualified; ‫ جمع اطراف الشيء‬to give a ‫ طرق مَوضوعا‬to treat of a subject, discuss a
survey or outline of s.th., summarize, sum 558 topic; to broach a subject, touch on a
up s.th.; ‫ قص عليه طرفا )اطرافا( مَن حياته‬to tell theme II to hammer, strike with a hammer,
s.o. an episode (episodes) of one’s life forge, extend (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. metal) IV to
bow one's head in silence │ ‫اطرق رأسه‬
‫ طرفة‬ṭarfa: ‫ بطرفة عين‬bi-ṭ. ‘ainin and ‫في‬
(ra’sahū) or ‫ برأسه‬to bow one’s head V to
‫ طرفة عين‬in the twinkling of an eye,
seek to gain access (‫ الى‬to); to penetrate (
instantly; ‫ طرفة عين‬-- ‫( مَا‬ṭarfata) not one
‫ الى‬s.th. or into s.th.) to get (‫ الى‬to), reach (
moment
‫ الى‬s.th.), arrive (‫ الى‬at); (in a speech, and
‫ طرفة‬ṭurfa pl. ‫ طرف‬ṭuraf novelty, rarity, the like) to touch (‫ الى‬on a subject), go into
curiosity, curio, rare object, choice item; s.th. (‫)الى‬, treat of s.th. (‫لَ يتطرق اليه │ )الى‬
exquisite present; masterpiece, chef- ‫( شك‬šakkun) not open to doubt, admitting
d’oeuvre; hit, high light, pièce de no doubt
résistance
‫ طرقة‬ṭarqa (n. vic.) pl. ṭaraqāt knock,
‫ طرفاء‬ṭarfā’2 (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬tamarisk rap(ping), bang(ing) (e.g., at a door);
(bot.) blow; one time (= ‫)مَرة‬, ‫طرقتين‬, ṭarqatain
‫ طريف‬ṭarīf curious, strange, odd; novel, twice
exquisite, singular, rare, uncommon ‫ طرقة‬ṭurqa way, road; passage,
‫ طريفة‬ṭarīfa pl. ‫ طريفة‬tarīfa rare, passageway, alleyway, corridor
exquisite thing; uncommon object or piece ‫ طريق‬ṭarīq m. and f., pl. ‫ طرق‬ṭuruq, ‫طرقا‬
(e.g., of art); pl. ‫ طرائف‬curiosities, ‫ ت‬ṭuruqāt way; road, highway; trail, track,
oddities, uncommon qualities path; method │ ‫ طريق الجو‬ṭ. al-jaww air
‫ طرافة‬ṭarāfa novelty, uncommonness, route; ‫ طريق البحر‬ṭ. al-baḥr sea route; ‫طريق‬
peculiarity, oddness, strangeness, ‫( رئيسي‬ra’īsī) main road; ‫‘( طريق عام‬āmm)
curiosity, originality public road, highway, thoroughfare; ‫طريق‬
‫‘( عمومَية‬umūmīya) do.; ‫ عن طريق‬by way of,
‫ مَطرف‬miṭraf, muṭraf shawl via; by means of, through; ‫( عن طريق الجو‬ṭ.
‫ تطرف‬taṭarruf excess, excessiveness, il-jaww) by air; ‫ مَن طريق‬by means of,
immoderation, extravagance, extremism, through; ‫ عابر الطريق‬wanderer, wayfarer;
extreme standpoint or position, radical ‫ قاطع الطريق‬pl. ‫ قطاع الطريق‬quṭṭā‘ aṭ-ṭ.
attitude, radicalism highwayman, wayfarer, brigand; ‫قاطع‬
‫ الطريق‬to commit highway robbery; ‫كان في‬
‫ طارف‬ṭārif newly acquired ‫ طريقه‬to have sense, be sensible or normal
‫ مَتطرف‬mutaṭarrif utmost, outmost, ‫ طريقة‬ṭarīqa pl. ‫ طرائق‬ṭarā’iq2, ‫طرق‬
farthest outward, located at the outermost ṭuruq manner, mode, means; way, method,
point; extreme, extremistic; radical; an procedure; system; creed, faith, religion;
extremist, a radical │ ‫( جهة مَتطرفة‬jiha) (pl. -āt, ‫ طرق‬ṭuruq) religious brotherhood,
outlying district, outskirt(s) dervish order │ ‫ طريقة الَستعمال‬directions
‫ طرق‬taraqa u (ṭarq) to knock, rap, bang (‫ هـ‬at, for use
on, esp. at a door); to hammer, strike with
‫ طرقي‬ṭuruqī pl. -ūn adherent of a ‫( طزلق‬Turk. tozluk) ṭuzluq pl. ‫ طزالق‬ṭazāliq2
religious brotherhood gaiter(s), legging(s)
‫ مَطرق‬miṭraq and ‫ مَطرقة‬miṭraqa pl. ‫مَطار‬ ‫ طازة‬ṭāza look up alphabetically
‫ ق‬maṭāriq2 hammer ‫( طزينة‬It. dozzina) pl. ‫ طزازن‬ṭazāzin2 dozen
‫ مَطراق‬miṭrāq versatile, many-sided, of ‫ طست‬ṭast, ṭist pl. ‫ طسوت‬ṭusūt basin; washbasin,
varied skills or talents washbowl
‫ اطراقة‬iṭrāqa (n. vic.) a bowing of the ‫ طشت‬ṭašt, ṭišt pl. ‫ طشوت‬ṭušūt basin; washbasin,
head washbowl
‫ استطراق‬istiṭrāq transit permission, free ‫ طشقند‬ṭašqand Tashkent (capital of Uzbek
passage or entry S.S.R.)
‫ طارق‬ṭāriq pl. ‫ طراق‬ṭurrāq knocking, ‫ طصلق‬ṭaṣlaqa (eg.) to do inaccurately, perform
rapping, banging, striking, beating; sloppily, bungle, botch, scamp (‫ هـ‬a job,
nocturnal visitor work)
‫ طارقة‬ṭāriqa pl. ‫ طوارق‬ṭawāriq2 ‫ طصلقة‬ṭaṣlaqa inaccurate, sloppy, or
misfortune, disaster, calamity slipsbod work
‫ مَطروق‬maṭrūq much-frequented, ‫ طعم‬ṭa‘ima a (ṭa‘m) to eat (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to taste (‫هـ‬
muchtraveled, well-trodden (road, trail, s.th.); to relish, enjoy, savor (A s.th.) II to
path) │ ‫ مَوضوع مَطروق‬a much-discussed, graft, engraft (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to inoculate,
frequently treated subject vaccinate (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to inlay (‫ب هـ‬
‫ مَطرق‬muṭriq and ‫ مَطرق الرأس‬with s.th. with, e.g., wood with ivory) IV to
bowed head feed, give to eat (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. s.th.), nourish ( ‫هـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o. with), serve food or drink (‫ )هـ‬to s.o.
‫ طرقع‬ṭarqa‘a (eg.) to crack (intr., also trans.: ‫ب‬
(‫( اطعمه مَن جوع │ )ه‬jū‘) to appease s.o.’s
or ‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a whip); to crack, crunch (
hunger V to taste (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X = V; to ask
‫ هـ‬s.th.)
for food
‫ طارمَة‬ṭārima pl. -āt kiosk, booth, cabin, stall
‫ طعم‬ṭa‘m pl. ‫ طعوم‬ṭu‘ūm taste, flavor,
‫ طرمَبة‬ṭurumba pl. -āt pump savor; pleasing flavor, relish
‫ )طرو‬and ‫ طرو )طرى‬ṭaruwa u, ‫ طري‬ṭariya a (‫طر‬ ‫ طعمية‬ṭa‘mīya (eg.) patty made of beans,
‫ اوة‬ṭarāwa) to be or become fresh, and seasoned with onion, garlic and
succulent, moist, tender, soft, mild II to parsley
make fresh, succulent, moist, tender, soft,
‫ طعم‬ṭu‘m graft, cion; bait, lure, decoy;
mild (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to moisten, wet (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
(pl. ‫ طعوم‬ṭu‘ūm) vaccine
perfume, scent (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to praise
(highly), extol, laud (‫ ه‬s.o.), lavish praise ( ‫ طعم‬ṭa‘im tasty, savory, delicious
‫ ه‬on s.o.) ‫ طعمة‬ṭu‘ma pl. ‫ طعم‬ṭu‘am food; bait;
‫ طري‬ṭarīy fresh, succulent, new; moist; quarry, catch, bag │ ‫اصبح طعمة النيران‬
tender, soft, mild aṣbaḥa ṭu‘mata n-nīrān to be destroyed by
fire; ‫( طعمة لمدافع الحرب‬li-madāfi‘i l-ḥarb)
‫ طراوة‬ṭarāwa freshness, succulence,
cannon fodder
moistness; tenderness, softness, mildness
│ ‫ طراوة الخلق‬ṭ. al-kulq gentleness; softness ‫ طعام‬ṭa‘ām pl. ‫ اطعمة‬aṭ‘ima, food,
of character nourishment, nutriment, fare, diet; meal,
repast │ ‫( اضرب عن الطعام‬aḍraba) to go on
‫ اطرية‬iṭriya vermicelli
a hunger strike
‫ اطراء‬iṭrā’ (high) commendation,
‫ مَطعم‬maṭ‘am pl. ‫ مَطاعم‬maṭā‘im2 eating
praise, laudation, extolment 559
house, restaurant; dining room; mess,
‫ طروادة‬ṭirwāda2 (from Fr. Troade) Troy messhall (on a ship); food │ ‫ مَطعم الشعب‬m.
‫ طازج‬ṭāzaj look up alphabetically aš-ša‘b and ‫ مَطعم شعبي‬soup kitchen
‫ تطعيم‬taṭ‘īm inoculation, vaccination; ‫ طغام‬ṭagām common people, populace; lowly,
inlay work │ ‫ تطعيم القرنية‬t. al-qarnīya insignificant
transplantation of the cornea (med.) ‫ طغمة‬ṭugma, ṭagma pl. -āt band, troop,
‫ اطعام‬iṭ‘ām feeding group
‫ مَطعوم‬maṭ‘ūm tasted; already known (‫ طغو‬and ‫ طغا )طغي‬ṭagā u and ‫ طغى‬ṭagā a (ṭagy)
and ṭagiya a (‫ طغى‬ṭagan, ‫ طغيان‬ṭugyān) to
‫ طعن‬ṭa‘ana u a (ṭa‘n) to thrust, pierce, transfix
exceed proper bounds, overstep the
(‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬s.o., s.th. with); to stab (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
bounds, be excessive; to be rough,
defame, discredit, hurt (with words; ‫ على‬or
tumultuous, rage (sea); to overflow, leave
‫ في‬s.o., s.th.), speak evil (‫ على‬or ‫ في‬of); to
its banks (river); to flood, overflow,
contest, challenge, impeach (‫ في حكم‬a
inundate, deluge (‫ على‬s.th.); to overcome,
judgment), appeal (‫ في حكم‬against a
seize, grip, befall (‫ على‬s.o.); to be
judgment); to refute. disprove (‫ في‬s.th.); to
tyrannical or cruel (‫ على‬against s.o.),
penetrate, enter (‫ في‬s.th. or into s.th.) │
tyrannize, oppress, terrorize (‫ على‬s.o.), ride
‫( طعن في السن‬sinn) to be advanced in years,
roughshod (‫ على‬over s.o.); -- ‫ طغى‬ṭagā a to
be old; ‫( طعن في القول‬qaul) to refute a
predominate, prevail, preponderate (‫على‬
(theological) doctrine VI to thrust each
in, at), dominate, outweigh, outbalance (
other; to attack each other, battle one
‫ على‬s.th.), be preponderant (‫ على‬over, in
another
comparison with s.th.)
‫ طعن‬ṭa‘n piercing, transfixion;
‫ طغوان‬ṭugwān flood, inundation, deluge
slandering, calumniation, defamation;
appeal (‫ في‬against; jur.), challenge, ‫ طغيان‬ṭugyān flood, inundation, deluge;
contestation, impeachment (‫ في‬of; jur.); pl. tyranny, oppression, suppression,
‫ طعون‬ṭu‘ūn calumnies, defamations; repression, terrorization
attacks ‫ طاغ‬ṭāgin pl. ‫ طغاة‬ṭugāh tyrant,
‫ طعنة‬ṭa‘na (n. vic.) pl. ṭa‘anāt stab, oppressor, despot
thrust; attack; calumny, defamation, ‫ طاغ‬ṭāgiya tyrant, oppressor, despot;
vilification bully, brute, gorilla
‫ طاعون‬ṭā‘ūn pl. ‫ طواعين‬ṭawā‘īn2 plague, ‫ طاغوت‬ṭāgūt an idol, a false god; seducer,
pestilence │ ‫( الطاعون الدمَلي‬dummalī) tempter (to error)
bubonic plague; ‫( الطاعون البقري‬baqarī) and
‫ طاعون الماشية‬ṭ. al-māšiya rinderpest, cattle ‫ طف‬II to make deficient or scanty (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
plague, steppe murrain 560 be niggardly, stingy (‫ على‬toward s.o.), stint
(‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ مَطاعن‬maṭā‘in2 (pl.) invectives, abuses (
‫ في‬against s.o.) ‫ طفيف‬ṭafīf deficient; small, little, slight,
trivial, trifling, insignificant,
‫ طاعن‬ṭā‘in and ‫( طاعن في السن‬sinn) aged, inconsiderable
old, advanced in years │ ‫رسالة طاعنة‬
lampoon ‫ تطفيف‬taṭfīf stinting, scrimping,
niggardliness, stinginess, parsimony
‫ مَطعون‬maṭ‘ūn plague-infected, plague-
stricken ‫ طفئ‬ṭafi’a a (‫ طفوء‬ṭufū’) to go out, die
1 down, be extinguished (fire, light); to be
‫ طغار‬an Iraqi weight equaling 2000 kg, in out, have gone out (fire, lamp) IV to put
Basra 1537 kg out, extinguish, smother, stifle (‫ هـ‬a fire),
2
‫ طغراء‬ṭugrā’ pl. -āt tughra, calligraphically turn off, switch off (‫ هـ‬light); to quench (‫هـ‬
intricate signature of the Ottoman Sultan, fire, thirst), slake (‫ هـ‬thirst, also lime) │ ‫اطف‬
interwoven with his father’s name and his ‫( أ جذوة يومَه واحرق فحمة ليله في العمل‬jadwata
own honorific, customarily used on yaumihi wa-aḥraqa faḥmata lailihi fī
written decrees, state documents and coins l-‘amal) to work day and night VII = ‫طفئ‬
ṭafi’a
‫ طغرى‬ṭugrā = ‫ طغراء‬ṭugrā’2
□ ‫ طفاية‬ṭaffāya fire-extinguishing device
‫ مَطفأة‬miṭfa’a pl. ‫ مَطافئ‬maṭāfi’ ‫ طفش‬ṭafaša i (ṭafš) to run away, flee, escape
firefighting equipment, fire extinguisher, (eg.)
fire engine │ ‫ رجال المطافئ‬the fire ‫ طفق‬ṭafiqa a (ṭafaq) with foll. imperf.: to
department, the firemen begin, set out to do s.th.; to do s.th.
‫ اطفاء‬iṭfā’ putting out, quenching, suddenly
extinguishing, extinction, fire fighting │ ‫ على‬II to intrude, obtrude, impose o.s. (‫على‬
‫ جهاز اطفاء الحريق‬jahāz i. al-ḥarīq upon); to sponge (‫ على‬on s.o., ‫ على مَائدته‬at
firefighting equipment ‫ رجال الطفاء‬the fire s.o.’s table), live at other people’s expense
department, the firemen; ‫عمليات الطفاء‬ V = II; to arrive uninvited or at an
‘amalīyāt al-i. fire-fighting operations inconvenient time, disturb, intrude; to be
‫ اطفائي‬iṭfā’ī fireman obtrusive
‫ اطفائية‬iṭfā’īya fire department ‫ طفل‬ṭafl tender, soft; potter’s clay, argil
‫ مَطفأ‬muṭfa’ extinguished, gone out, out; ‫ طفل‬ṭifl pl. ‫ اطفال‬aṭfāl infant, baby, child
mat, dull, flat, lusterless 561 ‫ طفلة‬ṭifla little girl
‫ طفح‬ṭafaḥa a (ṭafḥ, ‫ طفوح‬ṭufūḥ) to flow over, ‫ طفلي‬ṭiflī child (adj.), baby (adj.),
run over, overflow (‫ ب‬with, also, e.g., the children’s, of or pertaining to childhood or
heart with generosity, etc.); to cause to infancy; infantile, childlike, childish │
overflow (‫ ب‬e.g., the milk) II to fill to ‫( الطب الطفلي‬ṭibb) pediatrics
overflowing, fill to the brim (‫ هـ‬a vessel);
to overfill (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV = II ‫ طفل‬ṭafal infancy, babyhood, early
childhood; childhood, childhood stage
‫ طفح‬ṭafḥ superabundance, repletion;
skin eruption, rash, exanthema (med.) ‫ طفل‬ṭafla potter’s clay, argil
‫ طفحة‬ṭafḥa skin eruption, rash, ‫ طفال‬ṭufāl potter’s clay; argil; clay, loam
exanthema (med.) ‫ طفالة‬ṭafāla infancy, babyhood, early
‫ طفحي‬ṭafḥī eruptive, exanthematic childhood; childhood, childhood stage;
(med.) initial stage, beginnings, dawn, early
period
‫ طفوح‬ṭufūḥ superabundance, repletion
‫ طفولة‬tufūla infancy, babyhood, early
‫ طفاحة‬ṭufāḥa skimmings, foam, froth childhood; childhood, childhood stage;
‫ طفحان‬ṭafḥān2, f. ‫ طفحى‬ṭafḥā flowing children
over, running over, brimful, replete, ‫ طفولية‬ṭufūlīya infancy, babyhood, early
overfull, filled to overflowing childhood; childhood, childhood stage
‫ مَطفحة‬miṭfaḥa skimmer, skimming ladle ‫ طفولي‬ṭufūlī child (adj.), baby (adj.),
‫ طفح‬ṭāfiḥ flowing over, running over, children’s, of or pertaining to childhood or
brimful, replete, overfull, filled to infancy; infantile, childlike, childish
overflowing ‫ طفيلي‬ṭufailī uninvited guest, intruder,
‫ طفر‬ṭafara i (ṭafr) to jump, leap, bounce │ ‫طفر‬ obtruder, sponger, hanger-on, parasite,
‫ ت جوانحها‬approx.: her bosom heaved sycophant; pl. ‫ طفيليات‬parasites (med.,
violently (with joyous agitation) biol.) │ ‫‘ علم الطفيليات‬ilm aṭ. parasitology
‫ طفرة‬ṭafra jump, leap, bounce, bound; ‫ مَتطفل‬mutaṭaffil parasitic(al); parasite,
impulsive motion, impetuosity; upswing, sponger, uninvited guest
rise, upturn, successful step; ṭafratan in (‫ طفا )طفو‬ṭafā u (‫ طفو‬ṭafw, ṭufūw) to
one leap float, drift; to emerge, rise to the surface │
‫ طفران‬ṭafrān pauper, have-not ‫( طفا به الى السطح‬saṭḥ) to bring s.th. to the
2 surface 562
□ ‫ طفر‬ṭafar (=‫ )ثفر‬crupper (of the saddle)
‫ طفاءة‬ṭufā’a anything drifting or ‫ طلل‬ṭalal pl. ‫ اطلل‬aṭlāl, ‫ طلول‬ṭulūl, used
floating, driftage, floatage, flotsam; halo chiefly in the pl.: remains, ruins (of
(around the sun or moon) houses); remains, or traces, of an
abandoned encampment
‫ طاف‬ṭāfin superficial
‫ مَطلول‬maṭlūl: ‫( دم مَطلول‬dam) unavenged
‫ طافية‬ṭāfiya floating iceberg
blood
□ ‫ طفاية‬ṭaffāya see ‫طفئ‬
‫ طلب‬ṭalaba u (ṭalab, ‫ مَطلب‬maṭlab) to look,
‫ طق‬ṭaqqa u (ṭaqq) to crack, pop; to clack, search (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬for s.o., for s.th.); to set out (‫هـ‬
smack, flap; to burst, explode for a place). get on one’s way (‫ هـ‬to), go to
‫ طقس‬II to introduce into one of the see (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to request (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
orders of the ministry (Chr.) V to perform apply (‫ هـ‬for); to seek, try to obtain, claim
a rite, follow a ritual (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from), ask, beg (‫ هـ مَن‬s.o. for);
to demand, exact, require (‫ هـ الى‬of s.o.
‫ طقس‬ṭaqs weather; climate; -- (pl. ‫طقوس‬ s.th.); to want, wish (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from; ‫الى‬
ṭuqūs) rite, ritual; religious custom; order s.o. ‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to call (‫ الى‬upon s.o.),
of the ministry, clerical rank (Chr.) appeal (‫ الى‬to s.o.), invite, request, entreat,
‫ طقسي‬ṭaqsī liturgical; liturgist (Chr.); ‫الط‬ beseech (‫ الى‬s.o.); to order, demand (‫هـ مَن‬
‫ قسيات‬aṭ-ṭaqsīyāt the liturgical books s.th. from), call (‫ هـ‬for s.th., ‫ مَن‬from), call
(Chr.) in (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ مَن‬from); to be after s.o. or s.th.
(‫ ه‬,‫ ;)هـ‬to study III to demand back,
‫ طقطق‬ṭaqṭaqa to crack, snap, rattle, reclaim (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.), call for
clatter, chug, pop, crash; to crackle, the return or restitution of s.th. (‫ ب‬or ‫)هـ‬,
(de)crepitate, rustle demand, claim (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.); to
‫ طقطوقة‬ṭaqṭūqa crash, bang; clap, thud, crack, demand, claim (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to require,
pop; (pl. ‫ طقاطيق‬ṭaqāṭīq) ditty, gay, popular necessitate, make necessary or requisite (
song ‫ هـ‬s.th.) VII pass. of I
‫ طقم‬II to harness, bridle (‫ هـ‬a horse) ‫ طلب‬ṭalab search, quest, pursuit; -- (pl.
-āt) demand, claim, call (for), invitation
‫ طقم‬ṭaqm pl. ‫ طقوم‬ṭuqūm, ‫ طقومَة‬ṭuqūma, ‫ا‬
(to), solicitation, wish, desire, request,
‫ طقم‬aṭqum a number of complementary
entreaty j application, petition; order,
objects or things; series; suit (of clothes);
commission; demand (com.); study │ ‫تحت‬
set (of tools, and the like); harness (of a
‫ طلبه‬at s.o.’s disposal; ‫ عند الطلب‬and ‫لدى‬
horse); service (e.g., of china, etc.) │ ‫طقم‬
‫ الطلب‬on demand, by request, if desired, on
‫ السنان‬denture, set of teeth
application; O ‫ لحين الطلب‬li-ḥīn ṭ-ṭalab at
‫ طاقم‬tāqim = ṭaqm; crew (of a ship) │ ‫طا‬ sight (com.); ‫‘( العرض والطلب‬arḍ) supply
‫ قم السنان‬denture, set of teeth and demand; 563 ‫ طلب العلم‬ṭ. al-‘ilm quest
‫ طل‬ṭalla u (ṭall) to bespray, besprinkle, of knowledge, craving for knowledge,
bedrizzle, bedew (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. the sky -- studiousness; ‫ طلب عدم الثقة‬ṭ. ‘adam at-tiqa
the earth); -- ṭalla u to emerge, rise, loom motion of “no confidence” (parl.)
up, come into view, appear, show IV to ‫ طلبة‬ṭalba litany, prayer (Chr.)
look down (‫ على‬upon), tower (‫ على‬above),
‫ طلبة‬ṭaliba, ṭilba desire, wish, request,
command a view of s.th. (‫)على‬, overlook,
demand; application
survey (‫ على‬s.th.); to command, dominate,
overtop (‫ على‬s.th., e.g., the surrounding ‫ طلبية‬ṭalabīya pl. -āt order, commission
area); (of a room, window, etc.) to open ( (com.)
‫ على‬upon, to, toward), give (‫ على‬on), face ( ‫ طلاب‬ṭallāb exacting, persistently
‫ على‬toward); to look out, peek out, peep claiming or demanding
out (‫ مَن‬of s.th.); to appear, show
‫ مَطلب‬maṭlab search, quest, pursuit; --
‫ طل‬ṭall pl. ‫ اطلل‬ṭilāl dew; fine rain, (pl. .,.Jll.. m< ‫الى‬dlib') demand, oall (for);
drizzle request, wish; claim; problem, issue; pl. َ‫م‬
‫( طالب‬claims of the government =) taxes
‫ مَطالبة‬muṭālaba demand; cell, appeal mysterious words or characters; charm,
(with genit. or ‫ ب‬for); claim (with genit. or magical combination of words; pl. ‫طلاسم‬
‫ ب‬to) cryptic characters
‫ طالب‬ṭālib pl. ‫ طلب‬ṭullāb, ‫ طلبة‬ṭalaba ‫ طلع‬ṭala‘a u (‫ طلوع‬ṭulū‘, ‫ مَطلع‬maṭla‘) to rise,
seeker, pursuer; claimer, claimant; ascend, come up (esp. of celestial bodies);
applicant, petitioner; candidate; student, to come into view, appear, show, become
scholar, also ‫ طالب العلم‬ṭ. al-‘ilm; pupil; a visible; to erupt (tooth), come up, sprout,
naval rank, approx.: midshipman (Eg. break forth (plant); to go out, get out,
1939) │ ‫( طالب مَمتاز‬mumtāz) a naval rank, come out, emerge (‫ مَن‬from); to come
approx.: ensign (Eg. 1939); ‫طلب الحاجات‬ suddenly (‫ على‬upon s.o. or s.th.), overtake
petitioners; ‫ طالب الزواج‬ṭ. az-zawāj suitor (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.); ‫ طلع عليه ب‬to take or bring
to s.o. s.th.; -- ṭala‘a a u (‫ طلوع‬ṭulū‘) and
‫ طالبي‬ṭālibī student’s, student- (in
ṭali‘a a to mount, ascend, climb, scale (‫هـ‬
compounds), of or pertaining to studies or
s.th.); to get (‫ هـ‬on top of s.th., aboard
students
s.th., into an automobile, on a train, etc.),
‫ مَطلوب‬maṭlūb wanted (in classified board (‫ هـ‬a train, etc.) III to read, peruse (
ads); due, owed (money); unknown (of a ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to study (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to look (‫ هـ‬at
quantity; math.); (pl. ‫ مَطالب‬maṭālib2) wish, s.th.), 564 inspect, view (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
desire; pl. ‫ طلب‬liabilities, debts; pl. ‫مَطاليب‬ acquaint (‫ هـ‬s.o. ‫ ب‬with), make clear,
claims elucidate, explain, expound, disclose (‫ب ه‬
‫ مَطالب‬muṭālib claimer, claimant; -- to s.o. s.th.), give an insight (‫ ب ه‬to s.o.
muṭālab one of whom s.th. or s.o. (‫ )ب‬is into), let s.o. (‫ )ه‬in on s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to shine (‫هـ‬
demanded, one accountable (‫ ب‬for), held on s.th.; of the sun) IV to erupt (tooth),
answerable (‫ ب‬for) come up, sprout, break forth (plant); to
acquaint (‫ على ه‬s.o. with); to inform (‫ ه‬s.o.
‫ مَتطلبات‬mutaṭallabāt requirements ‫ مَن‬or ‫ على‬of or about), apprise, notify (‫عن‬
‫ طلح‬ṭalaḥa u (‫ طلاح‬ṭalāḥ) to be or become bad, or ‫ على ه‬s.o. of), let s.o. (‫ )ه‬know (‫ على‬s.th.
evil, wioked, vicioUi. depraved or about s.th.), tell (‫ على ه‬s.o. about); to
demonstrate, point out, disclose, reveal,
‫ طلح‬ṭalḥ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ طلوح‬ṭulūḥ a show (‫ على ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to give an insight
variety of accacia (Acacia gummifera); (‫ على ه‬to s.o. into), let s.o. (‫ )ه‬in on s.th. (
banana tree; banana ‫ )على‬V to have an eye on s.th. (‫)الى‬, wait,
‫ طلحية‬ṭalḥīya pl. ‫ طلاحى‬ṭalāḥīy sheet of look out (‫ الى‬for); to watch (‫ الى‬for); to
paper strive, be out (‫ الى‬for), be bent (‫ الى‬on); to
look (‫ الى‬at s.o.), regard (‫ الى‬s.o.); to look
‫ طليحة‬ṭalīḥa (syr.) ream of paper
attentively or closely, gaze, stare (‫ ب‬or ‫في‬
‫ طالح‬ṭāliḥ bed, evil, wicked, vicious, at) VIII to look; to see, behold, view (‫على‬
depraved, villainous s.th.); to study, come to know (‫ على‬s.th.),
1
‫ طلس‬ṭalasa i (ṭals) to efface, obliterate, blot become acquainted (‫ على‬with), become
out (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. writing) aware or cognizant (‫ على‬of), obtain
information (‫ على‬about), be informed (‫على‬
‫ طلس‬ṭals effacement, obliteration of); to inspect, examine (‫ على‬s.th.), look
‫ طلس‬ṭils effaced, obliterated, blotted out into s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to know (‫ على‬s.th. or of
(inscription); illegible s.th.), be aware, be cognizant (‫ على‬of); to
2
be (well) informed (‫ على‬about), have
‫ اطلس‬aṭlas2 satin; (pl. ‫ اطالس‬aṭālis 2) atlas, (inside) information (‫ على‬of), be
volume of geographical maps (thoroughly) acquainted (‫ على‬with), be
1
‫طلسانة‬ṭalasāna (eg.) coping (arch.) privy (‫ على‬to), be in on s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to find
2 out, discover, detect (‫ على‬s.th.) X to seek
‫ طيلسان‬ṭailasān pl. ‫ طيالسة‬ṭayālisa look up
to discover, explore, scout, reconnoiter (‫هـ‬
alphabetically
s.th.); to inquire (‫ هـ‬about s.th.); to arouse
‫ طلسم‬ṭilasm, ṭilasm pl. -āt, ‫ طلاسم‬ṭalāsim2 curiosity (‫ ه‬in s.o.) │ ‫( استطلعه رأيه‬ra’yahū)
talisman, a seal, or the like, inscribed with to consult s.o.) ask s.o.’s advice or
opinion; ‫( استطلع خبره‬kabarahū) to seek ‫ استطلعي‬istiṭlā‘ī research-, study- (in
information about s.o. or s.th. compounds), explorational, exploratory,
fact-finding; scout-, reconnaissance- (in
‫ طلع‬ṭal‘ (also coll.) spadix or
compounds) 565
inflorescence of the palm tree; pollen
‫ طالع‬ṭāli‘ pl. ‫ طوالع‬ṭawāli‘2 rising,
‫ طلعة‬ṭal‘a look(s), appearance, aspect,
ascending (esp. a celestial body); star of
outward appearance, guise
destiny; ascendant, nativity │ ‫حسن الطالع‬
‫ طلعة‬ṭula‘a inquisitive, nosy, curious ḥusn aṭ-ṭ. good fortune, lucky star, good
‫ طلاع‬ṭallā‘ striving, aspiring │ ‫طلاع الثنايا‬ luck; ‫ لحسن طالعي‬luckily for me,
‫( والنجد‬tanāyā, anjud) efficient, energetic, fortunately; ‫ سيء الطالع‬sayyi’ aṭ-ṭ. ill-
vigorous; ‫( طلاع الى التعرف‬ta‘arruf) curious, starred, ill-fated, unfortunate, unlucky;
eager for news hapless person; ‫( ساء طالعه‬ṭāli‘uhū) he fell
on evil days, he met with ill fortune
‫ طلوع‬ṭulū‘ rising, going up, ascending,
ascension; rise (esp. of celestial bodies); ‫ طالعة‬ṭāli‘a out-set, beginning, start
appearance; climbing, ascent (of a ‫ مَطالع‬muṭāli‘ reader
mountain)
‫ مَتطلع‬mutaṭalli‘ curious, eager, waiting
‫ طليعة‬ṭalī‘a pl. ‫ مَطالع‬maṭāli‘ front row, (‫ الى‬for)
foremost rank, vanguard, avant-garde; pl.
‫ مَطلع‬muṭṭali‘ viewer, observer;
harbingers, precursors, presages, portents,
informed (‫ على‬about, of), acquainted,
first indications, symptoms; beginnings │
familiar (‫ على‬with), cognizant (‫ على‬of),
‫ في الطليعة‬in front, at the head, in the lead
privy (‫ على‬to)
‫ مَطلع‬maṭla‘ pl. ‫ مَطالع‬maṭāli‘ rise, time
‫ طلق‬țaluqa u (‫ طلاقة‬ṭalāqa) to he
of rising (of celestial bodies); point of
cheerful, jovial, happy (face,
ascent; starting point, point, of departure;
countenance); -- ṭalaqāt u, ṭaluqat u (‫طلاق‬
break (e.g., of day), dawn (e.g., of an era);
ṭalāq) to be divorced, get a. divorce (said
onset, outset, start, beginning;
of a woman); -- pass ṭuliqat (‫ طلق‬ṭalq) to
introduction, preface, proem; opening
be in labor II to set loose, release, set free,
verses (of a poem); prelude; lookout;
let go (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to leave, forsake (,‫هـ‬
ladder, steps, stairs
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.); to repudiate, divorce (‫زوجته‬
‫ مَطالعة‬muṭāla‘a reading, perusal, study; zaujatahū one’s wife); to grant a divorce
(pl. -āt) (official) announcement │ ‫قاعة‬ decree (‫ على‬against a woman; said of the
‫ المطالعة‬reading room, study hall judge) │ ‫( طلقت نفسها‬nafsahā) she
‫ تطلع‬taṭallu‘ striving, aspiration, dissolved her marriage, got a divorce; ‫طلقت‬
endeavor, aim; inquisitiveness, curiosity ‫( عليه‬ṭulliqat) she was granted a divorce
from him (by judicial decree) IV to undo,
‫ اطلاع‬iṭṭilā‘ pl. -āt study, examination, loose, disengage (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to free, set free
inspection; perusal; information, (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., also chem.), release, set at
intelligence, knowledge; notice, liberty, let go, let off, set loose (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
cognizance; acquaintance, conversance, s.th.); to send out, dispatch (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
familiarity s.th.); to discharge (‫ هـ‬a firearm), fire (‫هـ‬
‫ استطلاع‬istiṭlā‘ study, research, s.th., ‫ على‬at), shoot (‫ على‬at); to utter, emit (
investigation, probing; scouting, ‫ هـ‬a sound); to let burst forth (‫ هـ‬laughter);
reconnoitering, reconnaissance; to repudiate, divorce (‫ زوجته‬zaujatahu
exploration; suspense (in anticipation of one’s wife); to generalize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
s.th.) │ ‫ حب الَستطلاع‬ḥubb al-ist. apply (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., an expression, a
inquisitiveness, curiosity; designation, ‫ على‬to) │ ‫ اطلق عليه اسم‬...
(isma) to name or call s.th. ..., designate
‫( حبا في الَستطلاع‬ḥubban) out of s.th. as ...; ‫( يطلق على‬yuṭlaqu) it has
curiosity; ‫ طائرة الَستطلاع‬reconnaissance (absolute) validity for ..., it applies to ...;
plane ‫( اطلق الحبل على الغارب‬ḥabla) to give free
rein, impose no restraints, let things take
their course; ‫( اطلق حربا مَن عقالها‬ḥarban) to quickly, rushed away, dashed off; ‫انطلق‬
unleash a war; ‫( اطلق الدواء بطنه‬dawā’u ‫( لسانه‬lisānuhū) to utter words against;
baṭnahū) the medicine loosened his ‫( انطلق وجهه‬wajhuhū) his face brightened,
bowels; ‫( اطلق الرصاص على‬raṣāṣa) to fire, became cheerful X ‫( استطلق بطنه‬baṭnuhu)
shoot at; ‫( اطلق رجليه الى الريح‬rijlaihi, rīḥ) to he had a bowel movement
run away head over heels, to beat it; ‫اطلق‬ ‫ طلق‬ṭalq talc (min.); labor pains, travail;
‫( ساقيه للريح‬sāqaihī) to run away head over free, open, unconfined, unrestrained,
heels, dash off like the wind, to bolt; ‫اطلق‬ unimpeded, uninhibited; free (‫ مَن‬from),
‫ الَرادة‬to give a free hand (‫ ل‬to s.o. ‫ في‬in rid (‫ مَن‬of) │ ‫ طلق المحيا‬ṭalq (ṭilq, ṭulq) al-
s.th. or to do s.th.); ‫ اطلق سبيله‬to release muḥayyā with a happy, cheerful face,
s.o., set s.o. free, let s.o. go; ‫اطلق السبيل‬ bright-faced; ‫ طلق الوجه‬ṭalq (ṭilq, ṭulq) al-
‫( لعبرته‬li-‘abratihī) to let one’s tears flow wajh do.; ‫ طلق اللسان‬eloquent; ‫في الهواء الطلق‬
freely; ‫( اطلق سراحه‬sarāḥahū) to set s.o. at (hawā’) outdoors, in the open, under the
liberty, free s.o., release s.o. (from jail or open sky; ‫ طلق اليدين‬ṭ. al-yadain
custody); ‫ اطلق العنان له‬to give free rein to openhanded, liberal, generous
s.o. or s.th., give vent to s.th.; ‫اطلق لحيته‬
(liḥyatahū) to let one’s beard grow; ‫اطلق‬ ‫ طلق‬ṭilq permissible, admissible
‫ لسانه فيه اطلقا شنيعا‬to indulge in defamatory ‫ طلق‬ṭalaq pl. ‫ اطلاق‬aṭlāq run, race, foot
remarks about s.o., backbite s.o.; ‫اطلق‬ race; (pl. -āt, ‫ اطلاق‬aṭlāq) shot (with a
‫( السنتهم بـ‬alsinatahum) to incite s.o., e.g., a firearm) │ ‫ سريع الطلق‬rapid-fire (rifle, gun)
crowd, the mob (to boisterous
demonstrations, emotional outbursts, and ‫ لسان طلق‬lisān ṭaliq a facile, fluent
the like); ‫( اطلق النفس على سجيتها‬nafsa, tongue
sajīyatihā) he gave free rein to his ‫ طلقة‬ṭalqa pl. ṭalaqāt divorce │ ‫طلقة‬
instincts; ‫ اطلق النار على‬to open fire on, fire ‫( بالثلثة‬talāta) definite divorce
or shoot at; ‫ اطلق النار فى‬to set fire to, set
s.th. on fire; ‫( اطلق يده ب‬yadahū) to be ‫ طلقة‬ṭalaqa pl. -āt shot │ ‫ طلقة نارية‬do
openhanded with, bestow s.th. lavishly; ‫ طلاق‬ṭalāq divorce, talak │ ‫طلاق بالثلثة‬
(‫ اطلق يده في )ل‬to give s.o. a free hand (in, (talāta) definite divorce; ‫( طلاق رجعي‬raj‘ī)
to do s.th.), give s.o. unlimited authority revocable (not definite) divorce; ‫كتاب الطلاق‬
for; ‫( اطلقوا ايديهم في البلد‬aidiyahum) they bill of divorce; ‫ حلف بالطلاق‬to swear by all
did as they pleased that’s holy
with the country, they dealt high, ‫ طليق‬ṭalīq pl. ‫ طلقاء‬ṭulaqā’2 freed,
handedly with the country V to brighten- released, set free, free; freedman; ‫الطلقاء‬
beam, be radiant (with joy) │ ‫تطلق وجهها‬ name of those Meccans who remained
‫( بابتسامَة‬wajhuhū bi-btisāma) her face heathen until the surrender of Mecca
broke into a radiant smile VII to be free,
‫ طلاقة‬ṭalāqa ease, relaxedness;
be loose, be set free (also chem.); to be
unrestraint; cheerfulness │ ‫طلاقة اللسان‬
emitted, emanate; to race along, sweep
fluency, eloquence; ‫ طلاقة الوجه‬ṭ. al-wajh
along, dash along; to hurry, rush (‫ الى‬to);
cheerfulness of the face, gaiety
to be hurled off, be flung away; 566 to be
discharged, be fired (firearm); to explode, ‫ طليقة‬ṭalīqa repudiated or divorced
go off; to burst forth, burst out, ring out woman, divorcee
(shouts, voices); to take off, start off, ‫ طلوقة‬ṭalūqa pl. ‫ طلائق‬ṭalā’iq2 stallion
decamp, depart (‫ مَن‬from); to start rolling,
move off, pull out (train, vehicle); to go ‫ اطلاق‬iṭlāq freeing, liberation; setting
on, proceed on one’s way, to go away, loose, releasing, release; dispatch(ing);
leave; to go by, pass, elapse, (hours, application (‫ على‬to); generalization; ‫اطلاقا‬
years); to brighten, beam (face); with ‫ب‬: iṭlāqan absolutely │ ‫ على الطلاق‬absolutely,
to utter s.th. (tongue); with foll. imperf.: to unrestrictedly, without exception, in any
set out to do s.th., begin or start with s.th. respect, under any circumstances; ‫اطلاق‬
│ ‫( انطلق يجري‬yajrī) he set out in a hurry; ‫( الرصاص على‬i. ar-raṣāṣ) the firing at s.th.,
‫( انطلق مَسرعا‬musri‘an) he went away the shooting of s.o.; ‫ اطلاق السراح‬i. as-sarāḥ
release (of s.o.); (‫ اطلاق النار )النيران‬opening ‫ طامَة‬ṭāmma pl. -āt (overwhelming)
of fire, shelling, gunning, cannonade calamity, disaster
‫ انطلاق‬intilāq outburst, outbreak, ‫ طماطة‬ṭumāṭa tomato
eruption, explosion, release (e.g., of ‫ طماطم‬ṭamāṭim2 (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬tomatoes
forces, of energies); unrestraint, liberty │
‫ نقطة الَنطلاق‬nuqṭat al-inṭ. starting point, ‫ طمأن‬ṭam’ana and ‫ طأمَن‬ṭa’mana to calm, quiet,
point of departure pacify, appease, assuage, soothe (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), set s.o.’s mind at rest; to fill s.o. (‫)ه‬
‫ طالق‬tāliq (of a woman) repudiated, with confidence (‫ الى‬in), reassure (‫ الى ه‬s.o.
divorced │ ‫( هي طالق ثلثا‬talātan) she is of or with regard to) II ‫ تطأمَن‬taṭa’mana =
irrevocably divorced ‫ طمن‬VI; IV ‫ اطمأن‬iṭma’anna to remain
‫ مَطلق‬muṭlaq free; unlimited, quietly (‫ في‬in a place); to come to rest; to
unrestricted, absolute; general; ‫مَطلقا‬ be or become still, quiet, calm, tranquil, at
muṭlaqan absolutely, unrestrictedly, ease, composed, or reassured, feel
without exception, in any respect, under assured, confident, or secure; to be sure,
any circumstances │ ‫الدول ذات الحكم المطلق‬ be certain (‫ مَن‬or ‫ الى‬of s.th.); to have
(duwal dāt al-ḥukm) the authoritarian confidence, to trust (‫ الى‬in), rely, depend (
states; ‫ مَطلق السراح‬m. as-sarāḥ free, at ‫ الى‬on, upon); to make sure (‫ على‬of s.th.)
large, at liberty reassure o.s. (‫ على‬of or with regard to); to
find reassurance (‫ الى‬in), derive confidence
‫ مَتطلق‬mutaṭalliq cheerful, jovial, happy
(‫ الى‬from)
(face)
‫ طمأنينة‬ṭuma’nīna calm, repose, serenity,
‫ مَطلمة‬miṭlama rolling pin
peace, peacefulness, tranquility;
‫ طلمبة‬ṭulumba pl. -āt pump 567 reassurance, peace of mind, composure,
‫ طلمس‬ṭalmasa to frown, scowl, glower, lower calmness, equanimity; trust, confidence

(‫ طلو‬and‫ طلى )طلو‬ṭalā i (ṭaly) to paint, daub ( ‫ب‬ ‫ اطمئنان‬iṭmi’nān calm, repose, serenity,
‫ هـ‬s.th. with); to coat, overlay, plate (‫ب هـ‬ peace, peacefulness, tranquility;
s.th. with) │ ‫( طل هـ بالذهب‬dahab) to gild reassurance, peace of mind, composure,
s.th.; ‫( طلى هـ بالكهرباء‬kahrabā’) to calmness, equanimity; trust, confidence
galvanize, electroplate s.th.; ‫طلى هـ بالميناه‬ ‫ مَطمئن‬muṭma’inn (of land) low, low-
(mīnā’) to enamel s.th. VII ‫لم تنطل عليه هذه‬ lying; calm, quiet, at ease, composed,
‫( الحيلة‬ḥīla) he wouldn’t be deceived by (re)assured, tranquil, serene, peaceable,
this ruse, this trick couldn’t fool him peaceful, safe, secure; sure, certain;
‫ طلاء‬ṭilā’ coating, overlaying, plating; trusting, confident, of good hope
coat, covering (e.g., of sugar); (coat of) ‫ طمث‬ṭamata u and ṭamita a (ṭamt) to
paint; make-up, face paint │ ‫الطلاء بالكهرباء‬ menstruate; -- ṭamata u i (ṭamt) to
(kahrabā’) galvanization, electroplating deflower (‫ ها‬a girl)
‫ طلى‬ṭalīy pleasant, becoming, nice, ‫ طمث‬ṭamt menstruation; menses,
pretty menstrual discharge
‫ طلاوة‬ṭalāwa beauty, gracefulness, ‫ طمح‬ṭamaḥa a (‫ طموح‬ṭumūḥ) to turn, be
grace, elegance directed (‫ الى‬to. toward; of the eye, of
‫ الطليان‬aṭ-ṭulyān the Italians glances); to aspire (‫ الى‬to, after), be bent (
‫ الى‬on), strive, crave, long, yearn (‫ الى‬for),
‫ طليطلة‬ṭulaiṭila2 Toledo (town in Spain) covet (‫ الى‬s.th.); to take away, remove (‫ب‬
‫ طم‬ṭamma u (ṭamm, ‫ طموم‬ṭumūm) to overflow, s.th.)
flood, inundate, deluge, engulf (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ طموح‬ṭumūḥ striving, endeavor,
VII pass. of I aspiration, desire, craving, coveting,
‫ طم‬ṭamm large quantity, huge amount; longing, yearning; ambition; high
sea │ ‫( الطم والرم‬rimm) tremendous riches aspirations, loftiness of purpose
‫ طموح‬ṭamūḥ high-aiming, high-aspiring, ‫ طماطم‬ṭamāṭim2 (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬tomatoes
ambitious; craving, covetous, desirous, ‫ طمطماني‬ṭumṭumānī barbarous, barbaric,
avid, eager uneducated (esp. speech, pronunciation)
‫ طماح‬ṭammāḥ high-aiming, high- ‫ طمع‬ṭami‘a a (ṭama‘) to covet, desire (‫ ب‬or ‫في‬
aspiring, ambitious; craving, covetous, s.th.), wish, crave, strive (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬for),
desirous, avid, eager aspire (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬to, after); to expect (‫ب‬
‫ مَطمح‬maṭmaḥ pl. ‫ مَطامَح‬maṭāmiḥ object s.th., ‫ مَن‬from); to hope (‫ في‬for); to be
of one’s longing or striving, (aspired) ambitious; -- ṭamu‘a u (‫ طماعة‬ṭamā‘a) to
goal, aim, ambition, burning desire 568 be covetous, avid, greedy, avaricious II to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) desirous (‫ في‬of), fill (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ طامَح‬ṭāmiḥ high-aiming, high-aspiring;
with greed (‫ في‬for); to allure, tempt, entice
longing, yearning, craving, covetous, avid,
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) hope (‫ في‬of), hold
eager
out hopes (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ في‬of s.th.), embolden (
1
‫ طمر‬ṭamara u i (ṭamr) to bury, inter, cover ‫ ه‬s.o.), encourage (‫ في ه‬s.o. to do s.th.) IV =
with earth (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. a corpse); ṭamara II
i to cover up (‫ هـ‬a thing), fill up (‫ هـ‬a well)
‫ طمع‬ṭama‘ pl. ‫ اطماع‬aṭmā‘ greed,
‫ طمر‬ṭimr pl. ‫ اطمار‬aṭmār old, tattered greediness, avidity, covetousness;
garment, fags, tatters ambitious desire, ambition; object of
‫ طمر‬ṭimirr fiery steed, race horse desire

‫ مَطمر‬miṭmar plumb line ‫ طماع‬ṭammā‘ avid, greedy, covetous,


desirous; avaricious, grasping
‫ مَطمور‬maṭmūr subterranean,
underground │ O ‫‘ علم المطمورات‬ilm al- ‫ طماعية‬ṭamā‘īya avidity, greed; cupidity,
maṭmūrāt paleontology avarice

‫ مَطمورة‬maṭmūra pl. ‫ مَطامَير‬maṭāmīr2 ‫ مَطمع‬maṭma‘ pl. ‫ مَطامَع‬maṭāmi‘ coveted


subterranean storehouse for grain, object; covetousness, craving, desire;
underground granary, mattamore hope, expectation; pl. ambitious designs,
2
ambitions, schemes, aspirations, desires
‫ طمر‬II (eg.) to curry(comb), rub down (‫ هـ‬a
horse) ‫ مَطمعة‬maṭma‘a lure, enticement,
temptation
‫ طمر‬ṭumār (eg.) currycomb
3
‫ مَطماع‬miṭmā‘ filled with greed;
‫ طومَار‬ṭūmār pl. ‫ طوامَر‬ṭawāmir2 look up obsessed by ambition, overambitious
alphabetically
‫ طمن‬II to quiet, calm, appease, pacify, allay,
‫ طمس‬ṭamasa u i (ṭams, ‫ طموس‬ṭumūs) to be assuage, soothe (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); see also
effaced, be obliterated, be erased, be ‫ طأمَن‬ṭa’'mana under ‫ طمأن‬VI to be low; to
wiped out, be blotted out, be destroyed, be become low, sink, subside; to calm down,
eradicated; to lose animation, become be or become quiet, calm, still, to abate; to
lusterless (eye, glance); -- ṭamasa i (ṭams) be bent over, to stoop
to efface, obliterate, erase, expunge, blot
out, wipe out, destroy, eradicate (‫ على‬or ‫هـ‬ ‫ طمان‬ṭamān calm, quiet, repose, peace,
s.th.) VII to be effaced, be obliterated, be peacefulness, serenity, tranquility;
wiped out, be blotted out, become extinct reassurance, ease, calmness, peace of
mind, composure, equanimity; trust,
‫ طمس‬ṭams effacement, obliteration confidence 569
‫ انطماس‬inṭimās incomprehencibleness, ‫ تطمين‬taṭmīn appeasement,
abstruseness mollification, calming, assuaging,
‫ طامَس‬ṭāmis extinct, dead; blurred, soothing
indistinct; incomprehensible, abstruse, ‫ مَتطامَن‬mutaṭāmin low
recondite, obscure
(‫ طمو‬and ‫ طما )طمي‬ṭamā u (‫ طمو‬ṭumūw), ‫طمى‬
‫ طماطة‬ṭumāṭa tomato ṭamā i (ṭamy) to flow over
‫ طمي‬ṭamy (eg., syr.) alluvial mud, silt, ‫ طنطنة‬ṭanṭana ring(ing), peal, jingle,
alluvium tinkle, tinkling (of a bell); hum(ming),
1 buzz(ing), drone (of an insect); clangor,
‫ طن‬ṭunn pl. ‫ اطنان‬aṭnān ton │ ‫طن مَسجل‬
boom, roar
(musajjal) register ton
2 ‫ طنف‬ṭunuf (ṭanaf, ṭunf) pl. ‫ طنوف‬ṭunūf, ‫اطناف‬
‫ طن‬ṭanna i (‫ طنين‬ṭanīn) to ring, sound, peal,
aṭnāf top, summit, peak (of a mountain);
jingle, tinkle (bell); to hum, buzz, drone
ledge, molding, eaves
(insect); to ring (ears) II = I
‫ طنفسة‬ṭinfisa, ṭanfasa, ṭunfusa pl. ‫ طنافس‬ṭanāfis2
‫ طنين‬ṭanīn ring(ing), peal, jingle, tinkle,
velvet-like carpet, mockado carpet
tinkling (of a bell); buzz(ing), hum(ming),
drone (of an insect); ringing (of the ears) ‫ طه‬a group of letters opening the 20th sura;
Tāhā a Muslim masculine proper name
‫ طنان‬ṭannān ringing, sounding, pealing,
jingling, tinkling; resounding, ‫ طهر‬ṭahara, ṭahura u (ṭuhr, ‫ طهارة‬ṭahāra) to be
reverberating, echoing; humming, clean, pure; -- ṭaharat, ṭahurat (of a
buzzing, droning; whistle, buzzer (of a woman) to be clean (as opposed to
kettle); famous, renowned, celebrated menstruating) II to clean, cleanse, deterge,
expurgate, purge, purify, chasten (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
‫ طنب‬II to remain, abide, stay to live, settle
s.th.); to disinfect, sterilize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
down (‫ ب‬in, at a place) IV to be excessive
dredge (‫ هـ‬e.g., a canal); to circumcise (‫ه‬
(‫ في‬in), overdo, exaggerate (‫ في‬s.th.); to
s.o.) III to circumcise (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to clean
brag
o.s., cleanse o.s., perform an ablution
‫ طنب‬ṭunub pl. ‫ اطناب‬aṭnāb tent rope;
‫ طهر‬ṭuhr cleanness, purity; chastity
sinew, tendon │ ‫( شد اطنابه‬šadda) to stay,
sojourn, reside; ‫ ضرب اطنابه على‬to settle ‫ طهور‬ṭahūr circumcision; cleansing,
down, take up permanent residence in a purging, detergent; clean, pure
place; ‫ ضرب اطنابه في‬to take root, prevail ‫ طهارة‬ṭahāra cleanness, cleanliness,
(at a place) purity; cultic purity (Isl. Law); chastity;
‫ اطناب‬iṭnāb exaggeration; fussiness, holiness, sanctity, saintliness; 570
circumstantiality, prolixity, lengthiness, circumcision │ ‫ طهارة الذيل‬ṭ. ad-dail
verbosity innocence; probity, uprightness, integrity,
honesty
‫ طنبور‬ṭunbūr pl. ‫ طنابير‬ṭanābīr2 a long-
necked, stringed instrument resembling ‫ مَطهر‬maṭhar purgatory (Chr.)
the mandolin; a device used to raise water ‫ مَطهرة‬maṭhara pl. ‫ مَطاهر‬maṭāhir2 wash-
for irrigation, Archimedean screw; drum, room, lavatory, toilet
cylinder (techn.)
‫ طهر‬taṭhīr cleaning, cleansing, purging,
‫ طنبوري‬ṭunbūrī player of the ‫طنبور‬ expurgation, purification; disinfection;
‫ طنبوشة‬ṭanbūša pl. -āt paddle box (of a paddle purgation, use of aperients; dredging;
steamer) circumcision
‫ طنجة‬ṭanja2 Tangier ‫ تطهيري‬taṭhīrī cleaning, cleansing,
detergent
‫ طنجي‬ṭanjī from Tangier; native of
Tangier, Tangerine ‫ طاهر‬ṭāhir pl. ‫ اطهار‬aṭhār clean, pure;
2 chaste, modest, virtuous │ ‫ طاهر الذمَة‬ṭ. ad-
‫ طنجرة‬ṭanjara pl. ‫ طناجر‬ṭanājir (copper)
dimma upright, righteous, honest; ‫طاهر‬
casserole, saucepan, skillet
‫ الذيل‬ṭ. ad-dail innocent, pure,
‫ طنطا‬ṭanṭā Tanta (city in N Egypt) unblemished, blameless, upright,
‫ طنطن‬ṭanṭana to ring, sound, peal, jingle, tinkle righteous, honest
(bell); to hum, buzz, drone (insect); to ‫ مَطهر‬muṭahhir pl. -āt a detergent (esp.
clang, boom, roar, rumble; to blare out (‫ب‬ anticeptic); an anticeptic, a disinfectant
s.th.)
‫ مَطهر‬muṭahhar pure, immaculate
‫ طهران‬ṭihrān2 Teheran (capital of Iran) dealt him severe blows IV to drop, discard
(‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), shed (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to let s.th. (
‫ طهق‬V to despise, detect, abhor, loathe (‫مَن‬
‫ )ب‬be swept away; to carry away, tear
s.th.)
away, rip away (‫ ب‬s.th.); to chop off (‫هـ‬
‫ مَطهم‬muṭahham of perfect beauty (esp. as an s.th., esp. the head) V to fall, drop, be
epithet of noble horses) thrown, be tossed; to stray, wander about;
‫ )طهو‬and ‫ طهي( طها‬ṭahā u and ‫ يطهى‬yaṭhā (‫طهو‬ to sway, reel, stagger
ṭahw, ‫ طهي‬ṭuhīy, ṭahy, ‫ طهاية‬ṭahāya) to ‫ طوائح‬ṭawā’iḥ2 adversities, blows of fate
cook (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stew (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to braise (
‫ مَطوحة‬muṭawwiḥa pl. -āt adventure
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to broil, fry (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bake (‫هـ‬
s.th.) ‫ طود‬VII to rise in the air, soar up
‫ طهى‬ṭuhan cooked dish, cooked meal ‫ طود‬ṭaud pl. ‫ اطواد‬aṭwād (high,
towering) mountain 571
‫ طهاية‬ṭihāya cook’s trade
‫ مَنطاد‬munṭād pl. ‫ مَناطيد‬manāṭīd2 balloon,
‫ مَطهى‬maṭhan kitchen
blimp; zeppelin, dirigible │ ‫مَنطاد مَقيد‬
‫ طاه‬ṭāhin pl. ‫ طهاة‬ṭuhāh cook (muqayyad) captive balloon, kite balloon;
‫ طواشي‬ṭawāšī pl. ‫ طواشية‬ṭawāšiya eunuch O ‫( مَنطاد هوائي ثابت‬hawā’ī) barrage balloon
1
‫ طواية‬ṭawwāya frying pan ‫طور‬II to develop, further, advance, promote (
1
‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to develop, evolve; to change;
‫ طابة‬ṭāba look up alphabetically to race (motor)
2
‫ طوب‬II to beatify (‫ ه‬s.o.; Chr.) ‫ طور‬ṭaur pl. ‫ اطوار‬aṭwār one time (= Fr.
‫ طوبى‬ṭūbā blessedness, beatitude; fois; state, condition; limit, bound; stage,
Beatitude (title of honor of a patriarch; degree; phase (also phys., esp. el.) │ ‫طورا‬
Chr.) ‫ بعد طور‬time and again, again and again;
‫ طورا‬-- ‫ طورا‬or ‫ طورا‬-- ‫ حينا‬sometimes --
‫ تطويب‬taṭwīb beatification (Chr.) sometimes, at times – at times; ‫خرج عن‬
3
‫ طوب‬ṭub (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬brick(s) │ ‫طوب احمر‬ ‫ طوره‬to lose one’s self-control, become
(aḥmar) baked brick(s); ‫طوب مَفرغ‬ upset; ‫( اخرجه عن طوره‬akrajahū) to upset,
(mufarrag) hollow tile(s), air brick(s); discompose, disconcert s.o.; ‫غريب الطوار‬
‫( طوب ني‬nayy) unburned, sun-dried of odd behavior, eccentric
briek(s) ‫ طور‬ṭūr pl. ‫ اطوار‬aṭwār mountain │ ‫طور‬
‫ طواب‬ṭawwāb brick burner, brick- ‫ سيناء‬ṭ. sīnā’ and ‫ طور سينا‬ṭ. sīnā Mount
maker, tile-maker Sinai
‫ طوبجي‬ṭōbjī, (eg.) ṭobgī pl. -īya artillerist, ‫ طوري‬ṭūrī wild
artilleryman ‫ طوار‬ṭawār sidewalk
‫ طوبجية‬ṭōbjīya artillery ‫ طوراني‬ṭūrānī wild; Turanian
‫ طوبه‬ṭūba the fifth month of the Coptic ‫ تطور‬taṭawwur pl. -āt development;
calendar evolution; pl. -āt stages of development,
(‫ طاح )طوح‬ṭāḥa u (ṭauḥ) to perish, die; to loss evolutionary phases, developments │ ‫قابل‬
one’s way, go astray, stray, wander about; ‫ التطور‬developable, capable of
to fall; to throw, cast, fling, hurl, toss, development or evolution
carry away, sweep away (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.) II to ‫ تطوري‬taṭawwurī evolutional,
cause to or let perish (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.); to evolutionary │ ‫( نظرية تطورية‬naẓarīya)
endanger, expose to peril (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.); to theory of evolution, evolutionism
throwaway, toss away, hurl away (‫ ب‬s.th.);
2
to throw, cast, hurl, toss, fling (‫ الى ب‬s.o. ‫ طار‬ṭār (= ‫ اطار‬iṭār), ‫ طارة‬ṭāra hoop, ring; tire;
into); to carry away, transport (‫ الى ب‬s.o. frame; wheel; tambourine
to, into); to move, induce, tempt (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫الى‬ 3
‫ اطار‬iṭār see ‫اطر‬
to s.th., to do s.th.) │ ‫ طرحت به الطوائح‬fate
4
‫ طورية‬ṭūrīya look up alphabetically to take upon o.s. (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be capable (‫هـ‬
of s.th., ‫ ان‬of doing s.th.)
‫ طوربيد‬ṭurbīd pl. -āt, ‫ طرابيد‬ṭarābīd2 torpedo
‫ طوع‬ṭau‘ obedience; voluntariness,
‫ طورية‬ṭūrīya (eg.) pl. □ ‫ طواري‬ṭawārī hoe,
spontaneity (in connection with a legally
mattock
relevant action, esp. a delict; Isl. Law);
‫( طوزلق‬Turk. tozluk) gaiter(s), legging(s) (for m. and f.) obedient, compliant,
‫ طوس‬II to adorn, decorate, deck out (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., submissive; ‫ طوعا‬ṭau‘an voluntarily, of
s.th.) one’s own free will, of one’s own accord
│ ‫( طوعا او كرها‬karhan) willingly or
‫ طاس‬ṭās pl. -āt round, shallow drinking unwillingly, willy-nilly, whether I (you,
cup made of metal, drinking vessel; finger etc.) will it or not; ‫ طوع العنان‬tractable,
bowl docile, amenable; ‫ طوع يده‬ṭau‘a yadihī
‫ طاس‬ṭāsa pl. -āt round, shallow under s.o.’s thumb, at s.o.’s beck and call;
drinking cup made of metal, drinking ‫( هو طوع ايدينا‬ṭau‘a aidīnā) he is at our beck
vessel │ ‫ طاسة التحمير‬frying pan; O ‫طاسة‬ and call, he is in our power; ‫طوع‬
‫ التصادم‬ṭ. at-taṣādum buffer (railroad) ‫امَرك‬/ṭau‘a amrika at your disposal
‫ طاووس‬ṭāwūs pl. ‫ طواويس‬ṭawāwīs2 ‫ طوعيا‬ṭau‘īyan voluntarily, of one’s own
peacock free will, of one’s own accord
‫ مَطوس‬muṭawwas ornate, ostentatiously ‫( طيع‬ṭayyi‘) obedient, compliant,
made-up submissive
‫ طوش‬II to castrate, emasculate (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ طاعة‬ṭā‘a obedience, compliance,
submissiveness; (pl. -āt) pious deed (Isl.
‫ طواشي‬ṭawāšī pl. ‫ طواشية‬ṭawāšiya Law) │ ‫ بيت الطاعة‬bait aṭ-ṭ. the husband’s
eunuch house to which a woman, in case of
(‫ طاع )طوع‬ṭā‘a u (ṭau‘) to obey (‫ ل‬or ‫ه‬ unlawful desertion, must return (Isl. Law);
s.o.), be obedient (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o.) II to ‫ السمع والطاعة‬as-sam‘ū wa-ṭ-ṭā‘atu I hear
render obedient, bring into subjection, and obey! at your service! Very well! ‫سمعا‬
subdue, subject, subjugate (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫طوعت‬ ‫ وطاعة‬sam‘an wa-ṭā‘atan do.
‫( له نفسه‬nafsuhū) (lit.: his soul permitted ‫ طواعية‬ṭawā‘īya obedience │ ‫عن طواعية‬
him, made it easy or feasible for him, i.e.) voluntarily, of one’s own free will, of
he allowed himself to do s.th. (‫)هـ‬, he had one’s own accord
no qualms about doing s.th. (‫)هـ‬, he did
not hesitate to do s.th. (‫ )هـ‬III to comply ‫ مَطواع‬miṭwā‘ obedient, compliant
with or accede to s.o.’s (‫ )هـ‬wishes (‫ على‬or ‫ تطويع‬taṭwī‘ diploma of the Great
‫ في‬in, with regard to), yield, submit, be Mosque of Tunis
obedient (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ على‬or ‫ في‬in), obey (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ على‬or ‫ في‬in); to be at s.o.’s (‫)ه‬ ‫ اطاعة‬iṭā‘a obedience
command (of a faculty, skill, etc.); to ‫ تطوع‬taṭawwu‘ voluntariness;
consent, assent (‫ في‬to s.th.) IV to obey, volunteering; voluntary service (‫ في‬in a
follow (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), be obedient, branch of the armed forces); service as an
submit, yield (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o., to s.th.), comply unsalaried trainee, voluntary traineeship
(‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with s.o.’s wishes, with s.th.), accede
‫ استطاعة‬istiṭā‘a ability, capability,
(‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o.’s wishes, to s.th.) V to do
faculty; possibility
voluntarily (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.), volunteer (
‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬for, in, to do s.th.); to enlist, ‫ طائع‬ṭā’i‘ obedient, compliant,
volunteer (mil.) │ ‫( تطوع خيرا‬kairan) to submissive │ ‫ طائعا او كارها‬willingly or
perform a good deed voluntarily VII to unwillingly, whether I (you, etc.) will it or
obey, follow (‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.), be obedient, not
submit, yield, accede (‫ ل‬to), comply (‫ل‬ ‫ مَطوع‬muṭawwa‘ pl. -ūn holder of the
with) X to be able (‫ هـ‬to do s.th.), be in a diploma issued by the Great Mosque of
572 position to do, to get, to carry out, or
Tunis; -- muṭṭawwi‘ volunteer (also mil.); rounds, making the circuit, walking the
unsalaried trainee beat; (pl. ‫ )ة‬mounted rural mail carrier
(Eg.) │ ‫ مَحطة الطوافة‬maḥaṭṭat aṭ-ṭ. (Eg.)
‫ مَطاوع‬muṭāwi‘ obedient, compliant,
circuit stations which have the mail
submissive; yielding, pliable, pliant; ‫المطاو‬
delivered by mounted rural mail carriers
‫ ع‬the reflexive, frequently = the passive
(gram.) │ ‫ حديد مَطاوع‬mild steel ‫ طوافة‬ṭawwāfa pl. -āt patrol boat,
coastal patrol vessel (employed by the
‫ مَطيع‬muṭī‘ obedient, compliant
Egyptian Coast Guard)
‫ مَتطوع‬mutaṭawwi‘ pl. ‫ ة‬volunteer (also
‫ طوفان‬ṭūfān flood, inundation, deluge
mil.); unsalaried trainee
‫ مَطاف‬maṭāf riding about, traveling,
‫ مَستطاع‬mustaṭā‘ possible, feasible │ ‫قدر‬
touring; round trip │ ‫آل )انتهى( به المطاف الى‬
‫ المستطاع‬qadra l-m. as far as possible, as
to end with, wind up with, arrive
far as it is feasible; ‫بقدر )على قدر( المستطاع‬
eventually at; ‫ خاتمة المطاف‬the end of the
do.
matter, the final issue, the upshot of it
(‫ طاف )طوف‬ṭāfa u (ṭauf, ‫ طواف‬ṭawāf, ‫طوف‬
‫ تطواف‬taṭwāf traveling, touring,
‫ ان‬ṭawafān) to go about, walk about, ride
wandering, itineration, roving life
about, travel about, move about, rove
about, wander about, run around (‫ هـ‬in ‫ طائف‬ṭā’if ambulant, itinerant, migrant,
s.th.), tour (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to go, walk, ride, run ( roving, wandering; one going the rounds
‫ ب‬,‫ حول‬around s.th.), circumambulate (‫حول‬ or making the circuit or walking the beat;
‫ ب‬, s.th.); to make the rounds, walk around one performing the ṭawāf │ ‫ طاف به طائف‬he
(‫ على‬among people); to circle, circuit, had a sudden impulse or urge; ‫طاف عليه‬
compass (‫ ب‬,‫ حول‬s.th.); to roam, rove, ‫( طائف مَن القدر القاسي‬qadar) tragedy befell
range (‫ ب‬s.th.); to show around, guide (‫ب‬ him, he met with a harsh fate
s.o.); to familiarize o.s., acquaint o.s. (y ‫ الطائف‬aṭ-ṭā’if Taif (town in S Hejaz)
with); to become acquainted (‫ ب‬with s.o.,
with s.th.), come to know (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); - ‫ طائفة‬ṭā’ifa pl. ‫ طوائف‬ṭawā’if2 part,
(ṭauf) to appear to s.o. (‫ )ب‬in his sleep; to portion; number; troop, band, group;
come (‫ على‬upon s.o.), afflict (‫ على‬s.o.); to swarm, drove, bevy, covey; people; class;
overflow, leave its banks (river); to swim, sect, denomination; confession,
float, drift II to go about, walk about, communion; party, faction; religious
stroll about, ride about, travel about (‫في‬ minority │ O ‫( الطائفة الَحساسية‬iḥsāsīya) the
in), tour (‫ في‬s.th.); to go or walk around impressionists; ‫ مَلوك الطوائف‬princelings,
s.th. (‫)ب‬, circle, circumambulate (‫ ب‬s.th.); petty kings
to show around, guide (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to let ( ‫ طائفي‬ṭā’ifī factional, sectarian,
‫ ب‬s.th.) roam (‫ هـ‬s.th.), let (‫ ب‬s.th.) make denominational, confessionalism
the rounds 573 (‫ ب‬in), let one’s eyes (‫)ب‬
wander; to perform the circumambulation ‫ طائفية‬ṭā’ifīya sectarianism,
of the Kaaba (ṭawāf) IV to surround, denominationalism; confessionalism
encompass, encircle, circumscribe (‫ب‬ ‫ مَطوف‬muṭawwif pl. -ūn pilgrims’ guide
s.th.) V to move about, rove, roam, in Mecca
wander, walk about
(‫ طاق )طوق‬ṭāqa u (ṭauq) to be able, be in a
‫ طوف‬ṭauf round, circuit, beat; low wall, position (‫ هـ‬to do s.th.), be capable (‫ هـ‬of,
enclosure; (pl. ‫ اطواف‬aṭwāf) patrol; raft of doing s.th.); to be able to bear or stand (
made of inflated waterskins tied together ‫ هـ‬s.th.), bear, stand, sustain, endure (‫هـ‬
‫ طواف‬ṭawāf round, circuit, beat; round s.th.) II to put a collar or necklace (‫طوقا‬
trip, round-trip excursion; roundtrip flight; ṭauqan) around s.o.’s neck; to hoop (‫هـ‬
circumambulation of the Kaaba (as part of s.th., e.g., a barrel); to surround, clasp,
the Islamic pilgrimage ceremonies) enwrap, ring, encompass (‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬s.o., s.th.
with), encircle (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), form or
‫ طواف‬ṭawwāf ambulant, itinerant, throw a circle or cordon (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬around s.o.,
migrant, roving, wandering; going the around s.th.), enclose (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to play (‫هـ‬
1
about, e.g., a smile about the lips), flit (‫هـ‬ (‫ طال )طول‬ṭāla u (ṭūl) to be or become long; to
across s.th.) │ ‫( طوقه بذراعيه‬bi-dirā‘aihī) to last long; to lengthen, grow longer,
take s.o. in one’s arms, embrace, hug, extend, be protracted, become drawn out;
clasp s.o.; ‫‘( طوق عنقه ب‬unuqahū) to to surpass, excel (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫طال به‬
present s.o. with, bestow upon s.o. s.th. IV ‫( الزمَن حتى‬zamanu) it took a long time
= I (‫ هـ‬,‫ على‬s.th., to do s.th., of s.th. or of before he ...; ‫ يطول بي هذا‬this will (would)
doing s.th.); to master (‫ هـ‬a method) │ ‫لم‬ take me too long; ‫طال الزمَن او قصر‬
‫ يطق صبرا‬lam yuṭiq ṣabran be could not (zamanu, qaṣura) sooner or later, before
stand or bear it, he could not control long II to make long or longer, lengthen,
himself; ‫( شيء لَ يطاق‬yuṭāqu) s.th. elongate, stretch out, prolong, extend,
unbearable, s.th. intolerable protract (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be very elaborate,
very detailed, very exhaustive,
‫ طوق‬ṭauq ability, faculty, power,
longwinded, prolix; to grant a delay or
strength, potency, capability, aptitude,
respite (‫ ل‬to s.o.) │ ‫( طول باله عليه‬bālahū) to
capacity; endurance; (pl. ‫ اطواق‬aṭwāq)
be patient with III to keep putting off (‫في ه‬
necklace; neckband, ruff, collar; hoop,
s.o. in or with s.th.); to vie for power,
circle │ ‫( طوق للنجاة‬najāh) life 574 buoy;
greatness or stature, contend, compete (‫ه‬
‫( اخرجه الحزن عن طوقه‬akrajahū l-ḥuznu)
with s.o.), rival, emulate (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
grief drove him out of his mind
make long or longer, lengthen, elongate,
‫ طوقي‬ṭauqī collar-like, loop-shaped, stretch out, extend, prolong, protract, draw
ring-shaped, annular out (‫ هـ‬or ‫ مَن‬s.th.); to take too long, find
‫ طاق‬ṭāq pl. –āt, ‫ طيقان‬ṭīqān arch (arch.); no end │ ‫ اطال عليه‬to keep s.o. waiting a
(pl. -āt) stratum, layer long time; ‫( اطال لسانه‬lisānahū) to speak in
a forward manner, be pert, saucy, insolent
‫ طاقة‬ṭāqa pl. -āt window in speech; ‫( اطال النظر‬naẓara) he kept
‫ طاقة‬ṭāqa pl. -āt ability, faculty, staring at him; ‫ اطال الوقوف‬he stayed a long
capability, aptitude, capacity, power, time VI to become long, be lengthened, be
strength, potency; energy (phys., etc.); extended, be prolonged; to stretch up,
capacity (of a technical apparatus); bunch, stretch o.s.; to stretch (‫ الى‬for), crane one'.
bouquet (of flowers) │ ‫( في الطاقة‬with foll. neck (‫ الى‬at); to attack (‫ على‬s.o.); to
maṣdar) it is possible to ...; ‫ قدر الطاقة‬qadra become insolent, get fresh (‫ على‬with s.o.);
ṭ-ṭ. as far as possible, in the best way to be insolent enough, have the cheek (‫ل‬
possible; ‫ على قدر طاقته‬according to his to do s.th.); to dare do s.th. (‫)ب‬, presume (
capability; ‫( طاقة مَدخرة‬muddakara) ‫ ب‬s.th.), pretend (‫ ب‬to s.th.); to arrogate to
accumulated energy; potential (phys.); ‫الطاق‬ o.s. (‫ الى‬a rank) │ ‫( تطاول برأسه‬bi-ra’sihī) to
‫( ة الذرية‬darrīya) atomic energy, atomic bear one’s head high (with pride) X to be
power; ‫( طاقة انتاجية‬intājīya) productive or become long; to be or become
power, productional capacity, output overbearing, presumptuous, display an
capacity arrogant behavior (‫ على‬toward)
‫ طاقية‬look up alphabetically ‫ طالما‬ṭālamā and ‫ لطالما‬la-ṭālamā how
often! often, frequently (with foll. verbal
‫ تطويق‬taṭwīq pl. -āt encirclement, clause) │ ‫( طالما ان‬anna) while, as, the
encompassment, enclosure, surrounding, more so as
ringing
‫ طول‬ṭaul might, power │ ‫صاحب الحول‬
‫ اطاقة‬iṭāqa ability, faculty, aptitude, ‫( والطول‬ṣ. al-ḥaul) the Almighty
power, capability, capacity
‫ طول‬ṭūl pl. ‫ اطوال‬aṭwāl length; size,
‫ مَطوق‬muṭawwaq ringdove height, tallness │ ‫ طول الَناة‬ṭ. al-anāh long-
‫ مَطاق‬muṭāq bearable, endurable, suffering, longanimity, forbearance,
tolerable patience; ‫ طول النظر‬ṭ. an-naẓar
farsightedness, hyperopia; ‫ خط الطول‬kaṭṭ
‫ طوكيو‬tōkiyō Tokyo
aṭ-ṭ. geographical longitude, degree of 575
longitude, meridian; ‫ بالطول‬and ‫طولا‬
lengthwise, longitudinally; ‫ طول‬ṭūla power, force │ ‫ طائل الصولة‬ṭ. aṣ-ṣaula
(prep.) during, throughout, … long, e.g., mighty, powerful, forceful; ‫ دون طائل‬and َ‫ل‬
‫( طول هذه المدة‬mudda) during this period, (‫( طائل تحته )فيه‬ṭā’ila) of no use, of no avail,
during all this time, ‫( طول النهار‬nahār) all useless, unavailing, futile; ‫ مَا فاز بطائل‬to
day (long); ‫ طول مَا‬as long as; ‫على طول‬ accomplish nothing, be unsuccessful, fail
(with foll. genit.) along, along, side of; ‫على‬ ‫ طائلة‬ṭā’ila might, power, force;
‫( طول‬eg.) straight ahead; straightway, vengeance, revenge, retribution,
directly; at last, finally, after all; ‫في طول‬ retaliation │ ‫ وقع تحت طائلة القانون‬to be
‫( البلد وعرضها‬wa-‘arḍihā) throughout the subject to punishment by law; ‫تحت طائلة‬
country, all over the country; ‫انا في طولك‬ ‫( الموت‬ṭ. il-maut) under penalty of death
(eg.) have mercy on me!
‫ مَطول‬muṭawwal elaborate, detailed,
‫ طولي‬ṭūlī of length, linear, longitudinal exhaustive, circumstantial
│‫( خط طولي‬kaṭṭ) geographical longitude,
degree of longitude, meridian ‫ مَتطاول‬mutatāwil long-extended, long-
stretched, long-protacted, prolonged,
‫ طول‬ṭuwwal a long-legged waterfowl lengthy
‫ طوال‬ṭawwāla, ṭiwala (prep.) during, ‫ مَستطيل‬mustaṭīl long, oblong,
throughout; along, alongside of elongate(d), long-stretched; protracted,
‫ طويل‬ṭawīl pl. ‫ طوال‬ṭiwāl long; large, prolonged, long drawn out; a rectangle, an
big, tall; high; ‫ الطويل‬name of a poetical oblong; a saucy, presumptuous person
meter; ‫ طويل‬ṭawīlan long (adv.), a long 3
‫ طاولة‬look up alphabetically
time │ ‫ طويل الجل‬ṭ. al-ajal longterm, long-
dated; ‫ طويل الناة‬ṭ. al-anāh long-suffering ‫ طولكرم‬Tulkarm (town in NW Jordan)
forbearing, patient; ‫ طويل الباع‬mighty, ‫ طومَار‬ṭūmār pl. ‫ طوامَير‬ṭawāmīr2 roll, scroll
powerful; capable, efficient; generous,
liberal, openhanded; ‫ طويل الروح‬ṭ. ar-rūḥ ‫ نهر الطونة‬nahr aṭ-ṭūna the Danube river
long-suffering, forbearing, patient; ‫طويل‬ ‫( طونولَطة‬It. tonnellata) ṭōnolāṭa ton
‫ القامَة‬tall; ‫ طويل اللسان‬insolent, impertinent,
pert, saucy ‫ طوى‬ṭawā i (‫ طي‬ṭayy) to fold, fold up, fold in,
fold over, fold under, roll up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ طوال‬ṭuwāl long shut, close (‫ هـ‬a book); to keep secret,
‫ طوالة‬ṭuwāla pl. -āt stable secrete, conceal, hide (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to harbor,
hold, contain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to swallow up,
‫ طيلة‬ṭīlata (prep.) during, throughout, envelop, wrap up. Enwrap 576 (‫ ه‬s.o.; of
… long the dark of night); to settle finally, bury (‫ه‬
‫ طولاني‬ṭaulānī measured lengthwise, the past), have done with s.th. in the past (
longitudinal ‫ ;)هـ‬to cross, traverse (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. a
country); to cover quickly (‫ هـ‬the way, the
‫ اطول‬aṭwal2, f. ‫ طولى‬longer, larger, distance, ‫ الى‬to); to spend, pass (‫ هـ‬a period
bigger, taller; extremely tall, very long of time) ; to possess o.s. take possession (
‫ تطويل‬taṭwīl lengthening, elongation, ‫ هـ‬of), appropriate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); pass. ‫طوى على‬
stretching, extension, prolongation, ṭuwiya ‘alā (= to be folded around or over,
protraction; elaborateness, exhaustiveness, i.e.) to bear (within itself), harbor, contain,
prolixity, long-windedness involve s.th. │ ‫( طوى الرض طيا‬l-arḍa
ṭayyan) to rush through a country; .l.~ .s).
‫ اطالة‬iṭāla lengthening, elongation,
(biodlaAu) to be finished, be done, come
stretching, extension, prolongation,
to an end, finish; ‫ طوى البساط بما فيه‬to settle
protraction; elaborateness, exhaustiveness,
an affair once and for all, wind up an
prolixity, long-windedness
affair; ‫( طوى جوانحه على‬jawāniḥahū) to
‫ استطالة‬istiṭāla overbearing attitude, harbor s.th., conceal s.th. in one’s heart;
haughtiness, presumptuousness, arrogance ‫( طوى كشحه )كشحا( على‬kašḥahū, kašḥan)
‫ طائل‬ṭā’il long; huge, immense, ample, and ‫( طوى صدره على‬ṣadrahū) to harbor or
enormous (of funds); use, avail; might, look (a secret) in one’s bosom, keep s.th.
secret, secrete, conceal, hide s.th.; ‫طوى‬ ‫ انطواء‬inṭiwā’ introversion (psych.) │ َ‫ال‬
‫( صفحته‬ṣafḥatahū) to have done with s.th., ‫( نطواء على النفس‬nafs) do.
be through with s.th., give up, abandon ‫ انطوائي‬inṭiwā’ī introverted (psych.)
s.th.; ‫ طوى الطريق الى‬to hurry or rush to;
‫( طوى الماضى طي السجل للكاتب‬l-māḍiya ṭayya ‫ طاو‬ṭāwin starved │ ‫ طاو البطن‬ṭ. l-baṭn
s-sijilli) to break with the past, let bygones starved, lean, emaciated
be bygones; -- ‫ طوي‬ṭawiya a (‫ طوى‬ṭawan) ‫ مَطوي‬maṭwīy folded up, infolded, rolled
to be hungry, suffer hunger, starve IV = up, etc.; ‫ مَطوي على‬bearing (within itself),
ṭawiya V to coil (snake) VII to be folded, harboring, containing, involving s.th. │
be folded up, in, over, or under, be rolled ‫ مَطوى الضلوع على‬harboring s.th. in one’s
up, be turned (over) (page, leaf), be shut bosom
(book, etc.); to go by, pass, elapse (time);
to disappear, vanish; to be covered ‫ مَنطو‬munṭawin: ‫ مَنطو على نفسه‬self-
(distance); to be bidden, be concealed ( absorbed, low-spirited, depressed
‫ تحت‬under), be enveloped, be wrapped ( 1
(‫ طاب )طيب‬ṭāba i (ṭīb, ‫ طيبة‬ṭība) to be good,
‫ تحت‬in); to contain, comprise, encompass, pleasant, agreeable; to be or become 577
comprehend, embrace, involve, include ( delightful, delicious; to please (‫ ل‬s.o.), be
‫ على‬s.th.); to harbor, nurse, bear (‫هـ‬ to s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬liking; to be or become ripe, to
feelings, esp. hatred, love) │ ‫انطوى على نفسه‬ ripen; to regain health, recover,
to withdraw within o.s., be self-centered, recuperate, convalesce │ ‫طابت ليلتكم‬
be introverted (lailatukum) may your night be pleasant!
‫ طي‬ṭayy concealment, biding; (pl. ‫اطواء‬ good night! ‫( طابت نفسه‬nafsuhū) he was
aṭwā’) fold, pleat │ ‫ طيه‬ṭayyahū and ‫طي هذا‬ gay, cheerful, cheery, in good spirits, he
(ṭayya) herein enclosed, herewith (in a felt happy; ‫( طاب نفسا عن‬nafsanl) to give up
letter); ‫( في طي الغيب‬ṭ. il-gaib) secretly, s.th. gladly, renounce s.th. willingly; ‫طابت‬
covertly; ‫( تحت )في( طي الكتمان‬ṭ. il-kitmān) ‫( نفسه اليه‬nafsuhū) he had a liking for it, it
under the seal of secrecy; ‫( في اطواء‬with was to his taste II to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) good,
foll. genit.) in pleasant, agreeable, delightful, delicious,
or sweet, to sweeten (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to scent,
‫ طية‬ṭayya pl. -āt fold, pleat │ ‫حمل بين‬ perfume (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to spice, season (
‫ طياته‬involve, comprise, contain ‫ هـ‬food), mull (‫ هـ‬wine); to sanitate,
‫ طية‬ṭīya intention, design │ (‫مَضى )ذهب‬ improve (‫ هـ‬air, drinking water); to heal,
‫ لطيته‬he went to his destination; he left in cure (‫ ه‬s.o.); to massage (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫طيب‬
order to do what he had in mind; he went ‫ خاطره‬to mollify, soothe, placate, conciliate
his way s.o., set s.o.’s mind at rest; ‫طيب ا ثراه‬
(tarāhu) may God make his earth light (a
‫ طوى‬ṭawan hunger; mat │ ‫ على الطوى‬on eulogy added after mentioning the name
an empty stomach, without having eaten of a pious deceased) III to joke, jest,
‫ طوية‬ṭawīya pl. ‫ طوايا‬ṭawāyā fold, pleat; banter, make fun (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to make (
innermost thoughts, real conviction, true ‫ هـ‬s.th.) good, pleasant, agreeable,
mind; intention, design; conscience │ ‫سليم‬ delightful, delicious, or sweet, to sweeten
‫ الطوية‬guileless artless; ‫( في طوايا‬with foll. (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to perfume o.s. X ‫ استطاب‬and ‫است‬
genit.) inside, within, in, amid ‫ طيب‬istaṭyaba to find or deem (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
good, pleasant, agreeable, delightful,
‫ طواية‬ṭawāya pl. -āt frying pan
delicious, sweet; to like (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be fond (
‫ مَطوى‬maṭwan pl. ‫ مَطاو‬maṭāwin pocket ‫ هـ‬of)
knife, penknife; pl. folds, pleats │ ‫في‬
‫ طيب‬ṭīb goodness; (pl. ‫ طيوب‬ṭuyūb)
‫( مَطاوى‬with foll. genit.) inside, within, in,
scent, perfume │ ‫ طيب العرق‬ṭ. al-‘irq noble
amid; ‫ في مَطاويه‬inwardly, at heart, in his
birth, noble descent; ‫ جوز الطيب‬jauz aṭ-ṭ.
bosom
nutmeg
‫ مَطواة‬miṭwah pocket knife, penknife
‫ طيب‬ṭayyib good; pleasant, agreeable;
delicious; gay; well-disposed, friendly,
kindly; well, in good health │ ‫ طيب الخلق‬ṭ. to make or let fly (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), to fly,
al-kulq good-natured, genial; ‫طيب الريحة‬ send up (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a balloon, a kite); to
sweet-smelling, fragrant, sweet-scented; pass on 578 promptly, dispatch posthaste,
‫ طيب العرق‬ṭ. a1-‘irq highborn, of noble forward without delay, rush, shoot (‫الى هـ‬
descent; ‫ طيب النفس‬ṭ. an-nafs gay, cheerful, s.th. to, esp. a report, a message); to knock
cheery, in high spirits out (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., an eye, a tooth) │ ‫طير‬
‫( رأسه‬ra’sahū) to chop off s.o.’s head,
‫ طيبات‬ṭayyibāt nice, pleasant things;
behead s.o. IV to make or let fly (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
gustatory delights, pleasures of the table
s.th.), to fly (‫ هـ‬s.th.): to blow away (‫هـ‬
‫ طيبة‬ṭība goodness; good nature, s.th.; of the wind); to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
geniality │ ‫ عن طيبة خاطر‬gladly, most disappear at once, dispel (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to see
willingly, with pleasure an evil omen (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬in) VI to be
‫ طوبى‬ṭūbā blessedness, beatitude; scattered, be dispersed, scatter, disperse,
Beatitude (title of honor of a patriarch; spread, diffuse; to be exuded, rise
Chr.) (fragrance); to fly apart, fly about, fly in
all directions (esp. sparks); to vanish,
‫ طياب‬ṭayāb, ṭiyāb (eg.) north wind disappear, be dispelled X to make fly,
‫ طياب‬ṭayyāb pl. -ūn masseur cause to fly (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to knock (‫ هـ‬s.th.) out
of s.o.’s hand; to alarm or upset seriously (
‫ اطيب‬aṭyab2 better; -- pl. ‫ اطايب‬aṭāyib2 ‫ ه‬s.o.), agitate, excite (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); =
the best parts (of s.th.); pleasures, VI; pass. ‫ استطير‬ustuṭīra to be terrified │
comforts, amenities; delicacies, dainties ‫‘( استطير عقله‬aqluhū) to go out of one’s
‫ مَطايب‬maṭāyib2 comforts, amenities mind (with astonishment or fright)
(e.g., of life) ‫ طير‬ṭair (coll. and n. un.) pl. ‫ طيور‬ṭuyūr,
‫ مَطايبة‬muṯāyaba pl. -āt banter, joke, ‫ اطيار‬aṭyār birds, bird; augury, omen; ‫طيور‬
jest, teasing remark poultry; fowl │ ‫ طيور جارحة‬predatory
birds, birds of prey; ‫‘ علم الطيور‬ilm aṭ-ṭuyūr
‫ طائب‬ṭā’ib unobjectionable (‫ ل‬for; Isl.
ornithology; ‫( كأن على رؤوسهم الطير‬ka’anna,
Law)
ṭaira) motionless or silent with awe
‫ مَطيب‬muṭayyab bouquet, bunch (of
‫ طيرة‬ṭaira commotion, agitation (of
flowers)
anger, wrath); flight; female bird
2
‫ طيبة‬ṭība2 Thebes
‫ طيرة‬ṭīra, ṭiyāra evil omen, portent,
(‫ طاح )طيح‬ṭaḥa i (ṭaiḥ) to perish, die II to lose ( foreboding
‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ طيار‬ṭayyār flying; evanescent, fleeting;
(‫ طار )طير‬ṭāra i (‫ طيران‬ṭayarān) to fly; volatile (liquid); floating, wafting,
to fly away, fly off, take to the wing; to hovering; (pl. -ūn) flyer, aviator, pilot │
hasten, hurry, rush, fly (‫ الى‬to); to be in a ‫ زيوت طيارة‬volatile oils; ‫( طيار اول‬awwal) a
state of commotion, be jubilant, exult, military rank, approx.: first lieutenant of
rejoice; ‫ طار ب‬to snatch away, carry away, the Air Force (Eg. 1939); ‫( طيار ثان‬ṭānin)
carry off (s.o., s.th.) │ ‫( طار بخياله‬bi- approx.: second lieutenant of the Air
kayālihī) to let one’s imagination wander Force (Eg. 1939)
to; ‫( طار له صيت في الناس‬ṣīt) his fame spread
among people, he became well-known; ‫ طيارة‬ṭayyāra pl. -āt aviatrix, woman
‫( طار طائره‬ṭā’iruhū) to become angry, blow pilot; airplane, aircraft, kite (toy) │ ‫طيارة‬
one’s top; ‫‘( طار عقله‬aqluhū) to lose one’s ‫( رياضية‬riyāḍīya) sport plane; ‫طيارة قذافة‬
mind, go crazy; ‫طار فؤاده )روحه( شعاعا‬ (qaddāfa) bomber; ‫ طيارة مَائية‬seaplane
(fu’āduhū, rūḥuhū ša‘ā‘an) his mind ‫ طيران‬ṭayarān flying, flight; aviation,
became confused, he became all mixed aeronautics │ ‫( طيران بهلواني‬bahlawānī)
up; ‫( طار فرحا‬faraḥan) to be beside o.s. stunt flying; ‫( طيران شراعي‬širā‘ī) glider
with joy, be overjoyed; ‫( طار بلبه‬bi-lubbihī) flying, gliding; ‫ خطوط الطيران‬airlines; ‫سلح‬
to drive s.o. out of his mind; ‫طار بصوابه‬ ‫ الطيران‬air force; ‫ وزير الطيران‬minister of
(bi-ṣawābihī) to make s.o. unconscious II aviation
‫ مَطار‬maṭār pl. -āt airfield, airport │ O َ‫م‬ ‫ طياشان‬ṭayašān inconstancy, fickleness;
‫ طار عائم‬aircraft carrier recklessness, heedlessness, rashness;
thoughtlessness; lightheadedness, levity,
‫ مَطارة‬maṭāra airfield, airport
frivolity
‫ مَطير‬maṭīr airfield, airport
‫ طياشة‬ṭiyāša inconstancy, fickleness;
‫ تطير‬taṭayyur pessimism recklessness, heedlessness, rashness;
‫ طائر‬ṭā’ir flying; flyer, aviator, pilot; thoughtless; lightheadedness, levity,
(pl. -āt, ‫ طير‬ṭair) bird; omen, presage │ frivolity
‫ سكون الطائر‬graveness, sedateness; ‫على الطائر‬ ‫ طائش‬ṭā’iš inconstant, changeable,
‫( الميمون‬maimūn) good luck │ Godspeed! fickle; lightheaded, frivolous; thoughtless,
(said to s.o. setting out on a journey); ‫طار‬ heedless, reckless; undecided, confused,
‫( طائره‬ṭā’iruhū) to become angry, blow perplexed, helpless; aimless, desultory,
one’s top purposeless
‫ طائرة‬ṭā’ira pl. -āt airplane, aircraft │ (‫ طاف )طيف‬ṭāfa i (ṭaif) to appear to s.o. (‫ )ب‬in
‫( على مَتن الطائرة‬maṭni ṭ-ṭ.) aboard the his sleep (of a specter)
airplane; by (air)plane (e.g., traveling);
‫ طيف‬ṭaif pl. ‫ اطياف‬aṭyāf, ‫ طيوف‬ṭuyūf
‫( طائرة بحرية‬baḥrīya) seaplane; O ‫طائرة‬
fantacy, phantasm; vision, apparition;
‫( دورية‬daurīya) (short-range)
phantom, specter, ghost; spectrum (phys.)
reconnaissance plane, observation plane;
‫( طائرة شراعية‬širā‘īya) sailplane, glider; ‫ طيفي‬ṭaifī spectral, spectroscopic
‫ طائرة المطاردة‬ṭ. al-muṭārada fighter, pursuit ‫ مَطياف‬miṭyāf spectroscope │ ‫مَطياف‬
plane, interceptor; ‫‘( طائرة عمودية‬amūdīya) ‫( مَصور‬muṣawwir) spectrograph
helicopter; ‫ طائرة القتال‬light bomber, combat
plane; ‫ طائرة المقاتلة‬ṭ. al-muqāṭala do.; O ‫ طيلة‬see ‫طول‬
‫ طائرة الَنقضاض‬or ‫ طائرة انقضاضية‬dive ‫ طيلسان‬ṭailasān pl. ‫ طيالسة‬ṭayālisa a shawl-like
bomber; ‫ طائرة مَائية‬seaplane; ‫طائرة نفاثة‬ garment worn over head and shoulders
(naffāṭa) jet plane; ‫ طائرة النقل‬ṭ. an-naql
transport (plane); O ‫ حامَلت الطائرات‬and O ‫ طين‬II to daub or coat with clay (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ ناقلت الطائرات‬aircraft carrier ‫ طين‬ṭīn pl. ‫ اطيان‬aṭyān clay, potter’s clay,
‫ مَتطير‬mutaṭayyir pessimist argil; soil; basis, foundation │ ‫الطين الخزفي‬
(kazafī) kaolin, porcelain clay; ‫زاد الطين بلة‬
‫ مَستطير‬mustaṭīr imminent, impending, zāda ṭ-ṭīna ballatan to make things worse,
threatening (of disaster); scattered, aggravate or complicate the situation
dispersed; spread out, spread all over,
scattered about; widespread; pessimist ‫ طينة‬ṭīna clay, potter’s clay, argil; stuff,
material, substance (of which s.th. is
(‫ طاش )طيش‬ṭāša i (ṭaiš, ‫ طيشان‬ṭayašān) to be made); kind, specific character,
inconstant, changeable, fickle, disposition, constitution, nature
lightheaded, thoughtless, heedless,
frivolous, reckless, undecided, confused, ‫ طيان‬ṭayyān mortar carrier, hod carrier
helpless, 579 aimless, desultory; to miss
the mark (of an arrow, also ‫ ;)عن الغرض‬to
stray (‫ عن‬from the target), miss (‫ عن‬a spot, ‫ظ‬
e.g., said of the hand) │ ‫طاش سهمه‬ ‫ ظاء‬ẓā’ name of the letter ‫ظ‬
(sahmuhū) to be on the wrong track, bark
up the wrong tree, be unsuccessful, fail; ‫ ظئر‬ẓi’r wet nurse
‫( طاش صوابه‬ṣawābuhū) to lose one’s head ‫ ظبي‬ẓaby pl. ‫ ظباء‬ẓibā’ gazelle (Gazella dorcas)
‫ طيش‬ṯaiš inconsistency, fickleness; ‫ ظبية‬ẓabya pl. ẓabayāt female gazelle
recklessness, heedlessness, rashness;
thoughtlessness; lightheadedness, levity, ‫ ظر‬ẓirr sharp-edged stone, flint
frivolity ‫ ظربان‬ẓaribān, ẓirbān pl. ‫ ظرابين‬ẓarābīn2, ‫ظرابي‬
ẓarābīy polecat, fitchew
‫ ظرف‬ẓarufa u (ẓarf, ‫ ظرافة‬ẓarāfa) to be ‫ ظعينة‬ẓa‘īna pl. ‫ ظعن‬ẓu‘un, ‫ اظعان‬aẓ‘ān
charming, chic, nice, elegant, neat; to be camel-borne sedan chair for women; a
witty, full of esprit II to adorn, embellish, woman in such a sedan
polish (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), impart charm (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ ‫ ظاعن‬ẓā‘in ephemeral, transient,
to s.o., to s.th.); to put (‫ هـ‬s.th.) into an transitory
envelope, cover or wrap, to envelop, wrap
up, cover (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to affect charm or ‫ ظفر‬ẓafira a (ẓafar) to be successful, succeed,
elegance, display affectedness; to show be victorious, be triumphant; to gain a
o.s. elegant, witty, full of esprit VI = V; I victory (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬over), conquer,
to deem or find (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) elegant, vanquish, defeat, overcome, surmount,
charming, adroit, witty, etc. overwhelm (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), get the
better (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬of s.o., of s.th.); to seize (
‫ ظرف‬ẓarf elegance, gracefulness, grace, ‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), take posession (‫ على‬or
charm; cleverness, resourcefulness; 580 ‫ ب‬of s.o., of s.th.); to get, obtain, attain,
wittiness, esprit; -- (pl. ‫ ظروف‬ẓurūf) achieve, gain, win (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.) II to
vessel, receptacle, container; covering, grant victory (‫ على‬or ‫ ب ه‬to s.o. over),
wrap, cover; (letter) envelope; capsule, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) triumph, render (‫ ه‬s.o.)
case; (gram.) adverb denoting place or victorious (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬over) IV = II; VI to
time; pl. ‫ ظروف‬circumstances, conditions ally, enter into an alliance or confederacy,
│ ‫ بظرف‬or ‫ في ظرف‬within, in a (given) join forces (‫ على‬against)
period of; ‫( ظروف مَخففة‬mukaffifa) and ‫ظرو‬
‫ ف التخفيف‬extenuating circumstances; ‫ظرو‬ ‫ ظفر‬ẓufur, ẓufr, ẓifr pl. ‫ اظفار‬aẓfār, ‫اظافر‬
‫( ف مَشددة‬mušaddida) aggravating aẓāfir2, ‫ اظافير‬aẓāfīr2 nail, fingernail;
circumstances; ‫ بحسب الظروف‬bi-ḥasabi aẓ- toenail; claw, talon │ ‫مَن )مَنذ( نعومَة اظفاره‬
ẓ. according to circumstances, depending from (the days of) his earliest youth, since
on the circumstances his earliest youth or adolescence; ‫ناعم الظفر‬
youthful, of tender age
‫ ظرفي‬ẓarfī adverbial │ ‫بينة ظرفية‬
(bayyina) or ‫ دليل ظرفي‬dalīl circumstantial ‫ ظفر‬ẓafar victory, triumph
evidence ‫ ظفر‬ẓafir victorious, successful,
2
‫ ظريف‬ẓarīf pl. ‫ ظرفاء‬ẓurafā’ , f. ‫ظرائف‬ triumphant; (pl. ‫ )ظفران‬young man, youth
ẓarā’if elegant, graceful, charming; full of (ḥij.)
esprit, witty, nice, fine ‫ اظفور‬uẓfūr pl. ‫ اظافير‬aẓāfīr2 nail,
‫ ظرافة‬ẓarāfa elegance, gracefulness, fingernail, toenail; claw, talon
grace, charm; esprit, wittiness ‫ ظافر‬ẓāfir victorious, triumphant;
‫ تظريف‬taẓrīf wittiness, brilliant and successful; victor, conqueror
witty manner ‫ مَظفر‬muẓaffar victorious, successful,
‫ تظرف‬taẓarruf gracefulness, grace, triumphant
elegance, charm, wittiness, esprit ‫ ظل‬ẓalla (1st pers. perf. ẓaliltu) a (ẓall.
‫ مَظروف‬maẓrūf pl. ‫ مَظاريف‬maẓārīf 2 ‫ ظلول‬ẓulūl) to be; to become, turn into,
envelope grow into; (with foll. imperf., participle or
‫على‬:) to continue to do s.th., go on doing
‫ مَتظرف‬mutaẓarrif elegant, dandy, fop s.th., persevere in doing s.th.,
‫ مَستظرف‬mustaẓraf elegant │ ‫اصناف‬ stick to s.th., remain, persist in, e.g., ‫ظل‬
‫ مَستظرفة‬luxury articles, fancy goods ‫( يسكن البيت‬yaskunu l-baita) he continued to
‫ ظعن‬ẓa‘ana a (ẓa‘n) to move away, leave, live in the house; ‫ ظل صامَتا‬he remained
depart silent, persisted in his silence; ‫ظل على مَوقف‬
(mauqif) to persist in a standpoint or
‫ ظعن‬ẓa‘n departure, start, journey, trek
attitude II to shade, overshadow (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
(esp. of a caravan)
s.th.), cast a shadow (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬over s.o., over
s.th.); to screen, shelter, protect (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to preserve, guard, maintain, keep ‫ ظلم‬ẓalama i (ẓalm, ẓulm) to do wrong or evil;
up 581 to wrong, treat unjustly, ill-treat, oppress,
beset, harm, suppress, tyrannize (‫ ه‬s.o.),
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV = II; V to be shaded (‫ ب‬by),
commit outrage (‫ ه‬upon s.o.); to act the
sit in the shadow (‫ ب‬of) X = V; to protect
tyrant, act tyrannically (‫ ه‬toward or against
o.s. from the sun (‫ ب‬by or through s.th.),
s.o.); -- ẓalima a and IV to be or grow
hide in the shadow (‫ ب‬of s.th.), seek the
dark, dusky, gloomy, murky, tenebrous,
shadow (‫ ب‬of s.th.); to place s.o. under the
darken, darkle V to complain (‫ مَن‬of,
protection or patronage of s.o. (‫)ب‬, seek
about) VII and VIII ‫ اظلم‬iẓẓalama to suffer
shelter or refuge with s.o. (‫)ب‬, be under
injustice, be wronged
the patronage or protection of s.o. (‫)ب‬
‫ ظلم‬ẓulm wrong; iniquity; injustice,
‫ ظل‬ẓill pl. ‫ ظلل‬ẓilāl, ‫ ظلول‬ẓulūl, ‫اظلل‬
inequity, unfairness; oppression,
aẓlāl shadow, shade, umbra; shelter,
repression, suppression, tyranny; ‫ظلما‬
protection, patronage; shading, hub;
ẓulman unjustly, wrongfully
slightest indication, semblance, trace,
glimpse (of s.th.); tangent (geom.) │ ‫في ظل‬ ‫ ظلمة‬ẓulma pl. -āt, ẓulumāt, ẓulamāt, ‫ظلم‬
(with foll. genit.) under the protection or ẓulam darkness, duskiness, gloom,
patronage of, under the auspices of; under murkiness │ ‫ بحر الظلمات‬baḥr aẓ-ẓ. the
the sovereignty of; ‫ تحت ظل‬under the Atlantic Ocean
protection or patronage of, under the
‫ ظلماء‬ẓalmā’2 darkness │ ‫( ليلة ظلماء‬laila)
auspices of; ‫ ثقيل الظل‬insufferable, pitch-dark night
repugnant (of a person); ‫ خفيف الظل‬likable,
nice (of a person); ‫( استثقل ظله‬istatqala) to ‫ ظلام‬ẓalām darkness, duskiness, gloom,
dislike s.o., find s.o. in sufferable, murkiness
unbearable, a bore; ‫تقلص )قلص( ظله‬ ‫ ظلام‬ẓalām evildoer, villain, malefactor,
taqallaṣa ẓilluhū his prestige or authority rogue, scoundrel, tyrant, oppressor
faded, diminished; it decreased,
diminished, dwindled away, waned ‫ ظليم‬ẓalīm pl. ‫ ظلمان‬ẓilmān male ostrich
‫ ظلة‬ẓulla pl. ‫ ظلل‬ẓulal awning. marquee, ‫ ظلامَة‬ẓulāma pl. -āt misdeed, wrong,
canopy, sheltering hut or tent, shelter; iniquity, injustice, outrage
shack, shanty; kiosk, stall; beach chair ‫ ظلامَة‬aẓlam2 darker, duskier, gloomier,
‫ ظليل‬ẓalīl shady, shaded, umbrageous murkier; a viler, more infamous, more
heinous villain
‫ مَظلة‬miẓalla, maẓalla pl. -āt, ‫مَظال‬
umbrella, parasol, sunshade; lamp shade; ‫ مَظلمة‬maẓlima pl. ‫ مَظالم‬maẓālim2
awning; O veranda, porch │ ‫‘ عيد المظلة‬īd misdeed, wrong, iniquity. act of injustice,
al-m. Feast of Tabernacles, Sukkoth outrage
(Jud.); ‫( مَظلة واقية‬wāqiya) parachute; ‫مَظلة‬ ‫ اظلام‬iẓlām darkness, gloom 582
‫ هابطة‬do.; ‫ جندي المظلة‬jundī al-m. pl. ‫جنود‬
(‫ المظلات )المظلة‬paratrooper ‫ ظالم‬ẓālim pl. -ūn, ‫ ظلام‬ẓullām, ‫ظلمة‬
ẓalama unjust, unfair, iniquitous,
‫ مَظلى‬miẓallī pl. -ūn paratrooper; pl. tyrannical, oppressing; tyrant, oppressor;
paratroops, airborne troops offender, transgressor, sinner
‫ مَظلل‬muẓallil shady, shadowy, ‫ مَظلوم‬maẓlūm wronged, ill-treated,
umbrageous, shading, causing shadow unjustly treated, tyrannized
‫ مَظل‬muẓill shady, shadowy, ‫ مَظلم‬muẓlim dark, dusky, gloomy,
umbrageous, shading, causing shadow tenebrous, murky
‫ ظلع‬ẓala‘a a (ẓal‘) to limp, walk with a limp, ‫ ظمئ‬ẓami’a a (‫ ظمأ‬ẓama’, ‫ ظماء‬ẓamā’,
walk lamely ‫ ظماءة‬ẓamā’a) to thirst, be thirsty II to
‫ ظلع‬ẓali‘ lame make (‫ ه‬s.o.) thirst
‫ ظلف‬ẓilf pl. ‫ ظلوف‬ẓulūf, ‫ اظلاف‬cloven hoof ‫ ظمء‬ẓim’, ‫ ظمأ‬and ‫ ظماء‬ẓamā’ thirst
‫ ظمآن‬ẓam’ān, f. ‫ ظمأى‬ẓam’ā thirsty ‫ غير مَظانه‬in places where he couldn’t
possibly be
‫ ظامَئ‬ẓāmi’ thirsty
‫ مَظنون‬maẓnūn supposed, presumed,
‫ ظن‬ẓanna (1st pers. perf. ẓanantu) u (ẓann) to
assumed; suspicious, suspect(ed)
think, believe, assume, presume, suppose (
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bold, think, deem, consider (‫هـ‬ ‫ ظنبوب‬ẓanbūb pl. ‫ ظنابيب‬ẓanābīb2 shinbone
or ‫ ه ه‬s.o. to be s.o. or s.th.; ‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. to be ‫ ظهر‬ẓahara a (‫ ظهور‬ẓuhūr) to be or become
s.th.); to suspect (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫ ظنه يفعل‬to visible, perceptible, distinct, manifest,
think s.o. capable of doing s.th., believe of clear, apparent, evident, obvious (‫ ل‬to
s.o. that he would do s.th.; ‫لَ اظن احدا ينكر‬ s.o.), come to light, appear, manifest itself,
(aḥadan yunkiru) I don’t think that anyone come into view, show, emerge, crop up; to
can deny; ‫( لَ اظنك تخالفني‬tukālifunī) I don’t appear, seem (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to break out
believe that you can contradict me; ‫ظن فيه‬ (disease); to come out; to appear, be
‫( القدرة على‬qudrata) he considered him published (book, periodical); to arise,
capable of ...; ‫( ظن به الظنون‬ẓunūna) to result (‫ مَن‬from); to ascend, climb, mount (
think ill of s.o., have a low opinion of s.o.; ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to gain the upperhand, to triumph
‫( ظن به الغباء‬gabā’a) to suspect s.o. of (‫ على‬over), get the better (‫ على‬of),
stupidity IV to suspect (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to overcome, overwhelm, conquer, vanquish
surmise, form conjectures (‫ على‬s.o.); to get (‫ على‬s.th.) into one’s
‫ ظن‬ẓann pl. ‫ ظنون‬ẓunūn opinion, idea, power; to gain or have knowledge (‫على‬
assumption, view, belief, supposition; of), come to know (‫ على‬s.th.), become
doubt, uncertainty │ ‫ حسن الظن‬ḥusn aẓ-ẓ. acquainted (‫ على‬with); to know (‫ على‬s.th.);
good opinion; ‫ سوء الظن‬sū’ aẓ-ẓ. low to learn, 583 receive information (‫على‬
opinion, distrust; ‫ في اغلب الظن‬or ‫في اكثر الظن‬ about); to be cognizant (‫ على‬of); to learn (
‫ على‬s.th.) II to endorse (‫ هـ‬a bill of
most probably, most likely; ‫اكثر الظن ان‬
exchange) III to help, assist, aid, support (‫ه‬
it is very likely that ...; ‫( ظنا مَنه ان‬ẓannan)
s.o.) IV to make visible, make apparent,
since he believed that ...; ‫مَا ظنك ب‬
show, demonstrate, present, produce,
(ẓannuka) what is one to think of ...; ‫حسن‬
bring to light, expose, disclose, divulge,
‫( ظنه ب‬ḥasuna ẓannuhū) to have a good
reveal, manifest, announce, proclaim,
opinion of s.o., think well of s.o.; ‫احسن الظن‬
make known, expound, set forth (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
‫( ب‬aḥsana ẓ-ẓanna) do.; ‫ ساء به ظنا‬to have
to develop (‫ هـ‬film; phot.); to grant victory
a low opinion of s.o., think ill of s.o.; ‫اساء‬
(‫ على ه‬to s.o. over), render victorious (‫على ه‬
‫( الظن ب‬asā’a) do.
s.o. over); to acquaint (‫ على ه‬s.o. with
‫ ظني‬ẓannī resting on mere assumption, s.th.), initiate (‫ على ه‬s.o. into s.th.), give
presumptive, supposed, hypothetical knowledge or information (‫ على ه‬to s.o.
‫ ظنة‬ẓinna pl. ‫ ظنن‬ẓinan suspicion, about), inform, enlighten (‫ على ه‬s.o.
misgiving about), explain (‫ على ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to let (‫ه‬
s.o.) in on s.th. (‫)على‬, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) realize
‫ ظنين‬ẓanīn suspicious, suspect(ed); (‫ على‬s.th.); to show, reveal (‫ على ه‬to s.o.
unreliable, untrustworthy (‫ على‬with regard s.th.); to articulate fully VI to manifest,
to); a suspect display, show outwardly, exhibit, parade (
‫ ظنون‬ẓanūn suspicious, distrustful ‫ ب‬s.th.); to feign, affect, pretend, simulate,
(‫ ب‬s.th.), act as if, make out as if (‫ ;)ب‬to
‫ مَظنة‬maẓinna pl. ‫ مَظان‬maẓānn2 time or demonstrate, make a public
place where one expects s.th.; (with foll. demonstration; to help one another, make
genit. or suffix) place where s.th. or s.o. is common cause (‫ على‬against) X to show,
presumably to be found, its most likely demonstrate, expose (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
location, the most likely place for it (or memorize, learn by heart (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
him) to be; suspicion, misgiving │ ‫التمسته‬ know by heart (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to seek help,
‫ في مَظانه‬I looked for him where I expected assistance, or support (‫ ب‬with), appeal for
to find him, where he presumably was; ‫في‬ help, for assistance (‫ ب‬to ‫س‬.o.); to
overcome, surmount, conquer, vanquish (
‫ على‬s.o., s.th.), have or gain the upperhand ‫ مَظهر‬maẓhar pl. ‫ مَظاهر‬maẓāhir2
(‫ على‬over), get the better (‫ على‬of) (external) appearance, external make-up,
guise; outward bearing, comportment,
‫ ظهر‬ẓahr cast iron │ ‫ ظهر الحديد‬and ‫حديد‬
conduct, behavior; exterior, look(s), sight,
‫ الظهر‬see ‫زهر‬
view; semblance, aspect; bearer or object
‫ ظهر‬ẓahr pl. ‫ ظهور‬ẓuhūr, ‫ اظهر‬aẓhur of a phenomenon, object in which s.th.
back; rear, rear part, rear aide, reverse; 584 manifests itself; phenomenon;
flyleaf; deck (of a steamer); upper part, symptom (med.); pl. manifestations,
top, surface; ‫ ظهورات‬ẓuhūrāt (as a genit.; expressions │ ‫ مَظاهر الحياة‬m. al-ḥayāh
eg.) pro tempore, provisional, temporary manifestations of life (biol.); ‫في المظهر‬
│ ‫ سلسلة الظهر‬silsilat aẓ-ẓ. spine, vertebral externally, in outward appearance,
column; ‫ ظهرا لبطن‬ẓahran li-baṭnin upside outwardly
down, topsy-turvy; ‫‘( ظهرا على عقب‬aqib)
‫ تظهير‬taẓhīr endorsement, transfer by
from the ground up, radically, entirely,
endorsement (of a bill of exchange; com.)
completely; ‫ بظهر الغيب‬bi-ẓ. il-gaib behind
s.o.’s back, insidiously, treacherously; ‫ ظهار‬ẓihār pre-Islamic form of divorce,
secretly, stealthily, clandestinely; ‫بين‬ consisting in the words of repudiation:
‫ اظهرهم‬in their midst, among them; ‫مَن بين‬ you are to me like my mother’s back ( ‫انت‬
‫ اظهرنا‬from our midst, from among us; ‫على‬ ‫ علي كظهر امَي‬anti 'alayya ka-ẓahri ummī)
‫ ظهر‬on (e.g., on the ground, on the water.
‫ مَظاهرة‬muẓāhara assistance, support,
etc.), ‫ على ظهر الباخرة‬on board the steamer; backing; (pl. -āt) (public) demonstration,
‫( عن ظهر القلب‬ẓ. al-qalb), ‫( عن ظهر قلب‬ẓ. rally
qalbin) or ‫( عن ظهر الغيب‬ẓ. il-gaib) by
heart; ‫( مَستخدم ظهورات‬mustakdam) ‫ اظهار‬iẓhār presentation, exposition,
temporary employee demonstration, exhibition, disclosure,
exposure, revelation, announcement,
‫ ظهر‬ẓuhr pl. ‫ اظهار‬aẓhār noon, midday; declaration, manifestation, display;
(f.) midday prayer (Isl. Law) │ ‫ بعد الظهر‬in developing (phot.)
the afternoon, p.m.; ‫ قبل الظهر‬in the
forenoon, a.m. ‫ تظاهر‬taẓāhur dissimulation, feigning,
pretending, pretension; hypocrisy,
‫ ظهري‬ẓihrī: ‫ نبذه )طرحه( ظهريا‬to pay no dissemblance; (pl. -āt) (public)
attention to s.th., not to care about s.th. demonstration, rally
disregard s.th.
‫ ظاهر‬ẓāhir (of God) mastering,
‫ ظهير‬ẓahīr helper, assistant, aid, knowing (‫ على‬s.th.); visible, perceptible,
supporter; partisan, backer; back (in distinct, manifest, obvious, conspicuous,
soccer); (mor.) decree, edict, ordinance clear, patent, evident, apparent; external,
‫ ظهور‬ẓuḥūr appearance; visibility, exterior, outward; seeming, presumed,
conspicuousness; pomp, splendor, show, ostensible, alleged; outside, exterior,
ostentation, window-dressing │ ‫حب الظهور‬ surface; outskirts, periphery (of a city);
ḥubb aẓ-ẓ. ostentatiousness, love of pomp; (gram.) substantive; (pl. ‫ ظواهر‬ẓawāhir2)
‫‘ عيد الظهور‬īd aẓ-ẓ. Epiphany (Chr.) external sense, literal meaning (specif., of
Koran and Prophetic Tradition); ‫ظاهرا‬
‫ الظهران‬aẓ-ẓahrān Dhahran (town in
ẓāhiran externally, outwardly; seemingly,
extensive oil region of E Saudi Arabia)
presumedly, ostensibly, allegedly │ ‫ظاهر‬
‫ بين ظهرانيهم‬baina ẓahrānaihim in their ‫ اللفظ‬ẓ. al-lafẓ the literal meaning of an
midst, among them expression; ‫ الظاهر ان‬it seems, it appears
‫ ظهارة‬ẓahāra outside, right side (of a that ...; ‫ حسب الظاهر‬ḥasaba ẓ-ẓ. in outward
garment); blanket (e.g., of a mule) appearance, externally, outwardly; ‫في‬
‫ الظاهر‬apparently, obviously, evidently; ‫في‬
‫ ظهيرة‬ẓahīra noon, midday, midday heat ‫ الظاهر‬and ‫( في ظاهر المَر‬ẓ. il-amr) seen
‫ اظهر‬aẓhar2 more distinct, more outwardly, externally; outwardly; ‫مَن الظاهر‬
manifest, clearer from outside
‫ ظاهري‬ẓāhirī outer, outside, external, ‫‘ عابئ‬ābi’ see under verb I
exterior, outward; superficial; Zahiritic, ‫‘ عبث‬abita a (‘abat) to fool around, indulge in
interpreting the Koran according to its horseplay, commit a folly; to play, joke,
literal meaning jest (‫ ب‬with); to toy, play a frivolous game
‫ ظاهرة‬ẓāhira pl. ‫ ظواهر‬ẓawāhir2 (‫ ب‬with), mock (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to play
phenomenon, outward sign or token, (absent-mindedly), fidget, fuas, dawdle,
external symptom or indication │ ‫ظواهر‬ fiddle (‫ ب‬with s.th., e.g., while talking); to
‫ الحياة‬ẓ. al-ḥayāh biological phenomena handle, manipulate (‫ ب‬s.th.), tinker (‫ب‬
(biol.); ‫‘ علم الظواهر الجوية‬ilm aẓ-ẓ. al- with); to abuse (‫ ب‬s.th.); to commit an
gawwīya meteorology; ‫ستر الظواهر‬ offense (‫ ب‬against), violate (‫ ب‬s.th.),
(ẓawāhira) to keep up appearances infringe, encroach (‫ ب‬upon); to impair,
injure (‫ ب‬s.th.) III to amuse o.s., make fun,
‫ مَتظاهر‬mutaẓāhir pl. -ūn demonstrator
play around, banter, dally (‫ ه‬with s.o.),
‫ ظاء‬ẓā’ name of the letter ‫ظ‬ tease (‫ ه‬s.o.), play a trick, prank or joke (‫ه‬
on s.o.)
‫‘ عبث‬abat (frivolous) play; pastime,
amusement; joke, jest; mockery; ‫عبثا‬
‫ع‬ ‘abatan in vain, futilely, to no avail,
‫‘ عب‬abba u (‘abb) to drink in large draughts, Uselessly, fruitlessly │ ‫ مَن العبث ان‬it is
gulp down (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pour down, toss foolish and useless to ...; ‫ولكن عبثا استطاع ان‬
down (‫ ه‬a drink); to lap up, drink avidly (‫هـ‬ ‫( يجيبه‬iataṭā‘a, yujībahū) but he couldn’t
s.th.) give him an answer
‫‘ عب‬ubb, ‘ibb breast pocket ‫ عبث‬mu‘ābata pl.-āt teasing, joke or
prank played on s.o.; funmaking, jesting,
‫‘ عباب‬ubāb f. torrents, floods; waves,
banter, raillery
billows
‫‘ عابث‬ābit joking, jocular; mocking,
‫ يعبوب‬ya‘būb torrential river
scornful; frivolous; wanton, wicked,
‫‘ عبأ‬aba’a a with negation; ‫ مَا عبأ ب‬not to care outrageous; offender, transgressor,
about, not to give a hoot for, pay no evildoer, sinner
attention to, attach no importance to, not 1
‫‘ عبد‬abada u (‫‘ عبادة‬ibada, ‫‘ عبودة‬ubūda, ‫عبودية‬
to insist on │ ‫( لَ يعبأ به‬yu‘ba’u)
‘ubādīya) to serve, worship (‫ ه‬a god),
unimportant, insignificant; ‫غير عابئ‬
adore, venerate (‫ ه‬s.o., a god or human
indifferent, unconcerned II to prepare,
being), idolize, deify (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to enslave,
arrange (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to array, set up (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
enthrall, subjugate, subject (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
to mobilize, call up (‫ جيشا‬jaišan an army);
improve, develop, make serviceable, make
to fill, pack (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with); 585 to load,
passable for traffic (‫ هـ‬a road) V to devote
charge (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with); to draw off,
o.s. to the service of God X to enslave,
decant (‫ في هـ‬s.th. into), bottle (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
enthrall, subjugate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫‘ عبء‬ib’ pl. ‫ اعباء‬a‘bā’ load, burden (
‫‘ عبد‬abd pl. ‫‘ عبيد‬abād, ‫‘ عبدان‬ubdān,
‫ على‬on), encumbrance (‫ على‬to) │ ‫عبء‬
‘ibdān slave, serf; bondsman, servant; --
‫‘ الثبات‬i. al-itbāt burden of proof (jur.);
(pl. ‫‘ عباد‬ibad) servant (of God), human
‫ نهض‬or ‫ قام العباء كلها‬to take all burdens
being, man; ‫ العباد‬humanity, mankind │ ‫العب‬
upon o.s., carry all burdens
‫ = د ل‬I (form of modesty); ‫ العبد الضعيف‬do.
‫‘ عباء‬abā’ pl. ‫ اعبئة‬a‘bi’a aba, cloak-
‫ عبدلَوي‬,‫‘ عبد اللوي‬abdallāwī (eg.) a
like, woolen wrap (occasionally striped)
variety of melon
‫‘ عباءة‬abā’a pl. -āt aba, a cloak-like,
‫‘ عبدة‬abda pl. -āt woman slave, slave
woolen wrap (occasionally striped)
girl, bondwoman
‫ تعبئة‬ta‘bi’a mobilization; drafting,
conscription; filling, drawing off, bottling
‫‘ عباد‬abbād: ‫ عباد الشمس‬and ‫عبادة الشمس‬ ‫ عن ب‬s.th. with or by); to determine the
‘a. aš-šams sunflower (Helianthus annuus weight of a coin (‫)هـ‬, weigh (‫ هـ‬a coin)
L.) VIII to be taught a lesson, be warned; to
learn a lesson, take warning, to learn, take
‫‘ عبادة‬ibāda worship, adoration,
an example (‫ ب‬from); to consider, weigh,
veneration; devotional service, divine
take into account or consideration (‫هـ‬
service (Chr.); pl. -āt acts of devotion,
s.th.), allow, make allowances (‫ هـ‬for
religious observances (Isl. Law)
s.th.); to acknowledge a quality (‫ )هـ‬in s.o.
‫‘ عبودة‬ubūda humble veneration, (‫ ;)ل‬to deem, regard, take (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ هـ‬s.o. s.th.
homage, adoration, worship; slavery, serf- as), look (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ هـ‬at s.th. as); to esteem,
dom; servitude, bondage honor, revere, value, respect, hold in
‫‘ عبودية‬ubūdīya humble veneration, esteem (‫ ه‬s.o.), have regard (‫ ه‬for s.o.) │ to
homage, adoration, worship; slavery, shed tears, weep
serfdom; servitude, bondage ‫‘ عبر‬abr crossing, traversing, transit;
2
‫ مَعبد‬ma‘bad pl. ‫ مَعابد‬ma‘ābid place of passage; fording; ‘abra (prep.) across,
worship; house of God, temple over; beyond, on the other side of

‫ تعبيد‬ta‘bīd enslavement, enthrallment, ‫‘ عبور‬ubūr crossing, traversing, transit;


subjugation, subjection; paving, pavement passage; fording
│ ‫ تعبيد الطرق‬t. aṭ-ṭuruq road construction ‫‘ عبير‬abīr fragrance, scent, perfume,
586 aroma; bouquet (of wine)
‫ تعبد‬ta‘abbud piety, devoutness, ‫‘ عبري‬ibrī Hebrew, Hebraic; (pl. -ūn) a
devotion, worship; hagiolatry, worship or Hebrew; ‫ العبري‬or ‫ العبرية‬Hebrew, the
cult of saints (Chr.) Hebrew language
‫ استعباد‬isti‘bād enslavement, ‫’عبرة‬abra pl. ’abarāt, ‫‘ عبر‬ibar tear
enthrallment, subjugation
‫‘ عبرة‬ibra pl. ‫‘ عبر‬ibar admonition,
‫‘ عابد‬ābid pl. -ūn, ‫‘ عباد‬ibād, ‫‘ عبدة‬abada monition, warning; (warning or deterring)
worshiper, adorer, example, lesson, advice, rule, precept (to
‫ مَعبود‬ma‘būd worshiped, adored; deity, be followed); consideration befitting s.th.;
godhead; idol that which has to be considered, be taken
into consideration or account, that which
‫ مَعبودة‬ma‘būda ladylove, adored is of consequence, of importance, s.th.
woman decisive or consequential │ ‫مَوطن العبرة‬
‫ مَعبد‬ma‘bad passable, smooth, mauṭin al-‘i. the salient point, the crucial
improved (road) point; ‫‘( لَ عبرة به‬ibrata) it deserves no
attention, it is of no consequence; ‫ في‬or
‫ مَتعبد‬muta‘abbid pious, devout; pious ‫ العبرة ب‬the crucial factor(s) is (are) ...,
worshiper (Chr.) decisive is (are) ...; ‫( لَ عبرة لمن‬li-man) it is
‫‘ عبدان‬abadān2 Abadan (island and town in W of no consequence if s.o. …
Iran, oil center) ‫‘ عبارة‬ibāra pl. -āt explanation,
‫‘ عبر‬abara u (‘abr, ‫‘ عبور‬ubūr) to cross, interpretation; mode of expression,
traverse (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ford (‫ هـ‬s.th.), wade ( diction; word; sentence, clause, phrase,
‫ هـ‬through s.th.); to swim (‫ هـ‬s.th. or across idiom, expression │ ‫( بعبارة اخرى‬ukrā) in
s.th.); to pass (‫ هـ‬over s.th.); to ferry (‫ هـ‬a other words, expressed otherwise; ‫عبارة‬
river, and the like); ‫ عبر به هـ‬to carry s.o. ‫‘ فعبارة‬ibāratan fa-‘ibāratan sentence by
across or over s.th.; to pass, elapse (time), sentence, word by word; ‫عبارة عن‬
fade, dwindle; to pass away, die, depart; -- consisting in; tantamount to, equivalent to,
‘abira (‘abar) to shed tears II to interpret ( meaning ...
‫ هـ‬a dream); to state clearly, declare, ‫‘ عبراني‬ibrānī Hebrew, Hebraic; a
assert, utter, express, voice (‫ عن‬s.th.), give Hebrew; ‫ العبراني‬or ‫ العبرانية‬Hebrew, the
expression (‫ عن‬to a feeling); to designate ( Hebrew language
‫ مَعبر‬ma‘bar pl. ‫ مَعابر‬ma‘ābir2 crossing ‫ مَعبر‬mu‘abbir interpreter (‫ عن‬of
point, crossing, traverse, passage(way); feelings); expressive, significant │ ‫رقص‬
ford; pass, pass road, defile; O lobby ‫( مَعبر‬raqṣ) interpretative dancing
‫ مَعبر‬mi‘bar pl. ‫ مَعابر‬ma‘ābir2 medium □ ‫( عبرود‬ḥi‫ )على‬musket, gun
for crossing, ferry, ferryboat; bridge 587 ‫‘ عبس‬abasa i (‘abs, ‫‘ عبوس‬ubs) to frown, knit
‫ تعبير‬ta‘bīr interpretation (of a dream); one’s brows; to glower, lower, scowl,
assertion, declaration, expression, look sternly │ ‫ عبس في وجهه‬to give s.o. an
utterance (‫ عن‬of a feeling); (pl. -āt) angry look, scowl at s.o. II = I
expression (in general, also artistic); (pl. – ‫‘ عبوس‬abūs frowning, scowling;
‫ تعابير‬ta‘ābīr2) (linguistic) expression, gloomy, dismal, melancholy; stern,
phrase, term │ ‫( بتعبير آخر‬ākar) in other austere; ominous
words, expressed otherwise
‫‘ عبوس‬ubūs gloominess, gloom,
‫ تعبيري‬ta‘bīrī expressional, expressive, dreariness; sternness, austerity, severity,
emotive gravity
‫ اعتبار‬i‘tibār respect, regard, deference, ‫‘ عبوسة‬ubūsa frown, scowl; glower,
esteem; (pl. -āt) consideration, regard; gloomy look, a gloomy, morose, sullen or
reflection, contemplation; approach, stern mien
outlook, point of view, view │ (‫اعتبارا ل )ب‬
(itibāran) with respect to, with regard to, ‫‘ عباسي‬abbāsī Abbaside; (pl. -ūn) an
in consideration of, considering .... in Abbaside
view of (s.th.); ‫ اعتبارا مَن‬from, as of, ‫‘ عابس‬ābis frowning, scowling; gloomy,
beginning ..., starting with ..., effective morose, sullen; austere, stern, severe
from ... (with foll. indication of time); ‫باعتب‬
‫ ار الشيء‬with respect to, with regard to, in ‫‘ عبيط‬abīṭ pl. ‫‘ عبطاء‬ubaṭā’2 stupid, imbecile,
consideration of, considering in view of idiotic, silly, foolish
(s.th.); ‫ باعتبار ان‬bi-‘tibāri an considering ‫ اعتباطا‬i‘tibāṭan at random, haphazardly,
(the fact) that ..., with regard to the fact arbitrarily
that ..., in view of the fact that ...; provided
that ..., with the proviso that ...; ‫ باعتباره‬as, ‫‘ عبق‬abiqa a (‘abaq) to cling (‫ ب‬to), linger (‫ب‬
in terms of, in the opacity of, e.g., ‫وزير‬ on, of ascent); to be fragrant, exhale
‫( الخارجية باعتباره اقدم الوزراء‬aqdama l- fragrance; to be filled, be redolent (‫ ب‬with
wuzarā’i) the Foreign Minister in his a scent, etc.)
capacity of senior-ranking minister; ‫بهذا‬ ‫‘ عبق‬abiq fragrant, redolent, exhaling
‫ الَعتبار‬from this standpoint, from this fragrance
viewpoint; ‫ على اعتبار ان‬considering (the
‫‘ عبقة‬abqa pressure (on the chest),
fact) that ..., with regard to the fact that ...,
feeling of suffocation
in view of the fact that ...; on the
assumption that ...; ‫ على هذا الَعتبار‬from this ‫‘ عابق‬ābiq fragrant, redolent, exhaling
standpoint, from this viewpoint; ‫في كل‬ fragrance 588
‫ اعتبار‬in every respect; ‫اعتبارا او حقيقة‬ ‫‘ عبقر‬abqar legendary place inhabited by jinn;
(ḥaqīqatan) from a subjective point of fairyland, wonderland
view or in reality
‫‘ عبقري‬abqarī multicolored, colorful
‫ اعتباري‬i‘tibārī based on a subjective carpet; ingenious, genial; (pl. -ūn, ‫عباقرة‬
approach or outlook; relative │ ‫شخصية‬ ‘abāqira) ingenious person, genius
‫( اعتبارية‬šakṣīya) legal person (jur.)
‫‘ عبقرية‬abqarīya ingenuity, genius
‫‘ عابر‬ābir passing; crossing, traversing,
etc. (see I); fleeting (smile); transient, ‫‘ عبك‬abak camlet (woolen fabric)
transitory, ephemeral; bygone, past, ‫' عبل‬abl pl. ‫‘ عبال‬ibāl plump, well rounded,
elapsed (time); (pl. -ūn) passerby │ O chubby, fat (e.g., arms)
‫ صاروخ عابر القارات‬intercontinental ballistic
missile, ICBM
‫‘ عبال‬abāl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a variety of emancipation, freeing, manumission (of a
wild rose, eglantine slave)
‫ اعبل‬a‘bal granite ‫‘ عتيق‬atīq old, ancient, antique;
matured, mellowed, aged (wine); of
‫ عبو‬II = ‫ عبأ‬II; to fill, pack (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with); to
ancient tradition, long-standing;
load, charge (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with)
antiquated, outmoded, obsolete; free,
‫‘ عبوة‬ubūwa pl. -āt package, pack (of an emancipated (slave); noble │ ‫عتيق الطراز‬
article, of a commodity); container with old-fashioned
its contents
‫‘ عتاقة‬atāqa age, vintage (esp. of wine)
‫‘ عباية‬abāya = ‫‘ عباءة‬abā’a q.v.
‫ اعتاق‬i‘tāq freeing, liberation,
‫‘ عتب‬ataba i u (‘atb, ‫ مَعتب‬ma‘tab) to blame, manumission (of a slave)
censure, reprove, scold (‫ على‬s.o.); -- ‫عتب‬
‫‘ عاتق‬ātiq pl. ‫‘ عواتق‬awātiq2 shoulder │ ‫ا‬
‫‘ بابه‬ataba bābahū to cross the threshold of
‫( خذه على عاتقه‬akadahū) to take s.th. upon
s.o. II to hesitate, be slow, be tardy III to
o.s., take over, assume s.th; ‫القى المسؤولية‬
blame, censure, reprove, scold (‫ على ه‬s.o.
‫( على عاتقه‬alqā l-mas’ūliyata) to place the
for)
responsibility on s.o.; ‫ وقع على عاتق فلن‬to
‫‘ عتب‬atb censure, blame, rebuke, be at s.o.’s expense, fall to s.o.
reproof, reprimand
‫ مَعتق‬mu‘attaq mellowed, matured
‫‘ عتبة‬ataba pl. ‫‘ عتب‬atab, ‫ اعتاب‬a‘tāb (wine); old, ancient
doorstep, threshold; (door) lintel, also ‫العتبة‬
‫ مَعتق‬mu‘tiq emancipator, liberator,
‫‘( العليا‬ulyā); step, stair │ ‫العتاب السنية‬
manumitter (of slaves)
(sanīya) (formerly:) His Highness the Bey
(Tun.); ‫ رفعه لعتاب الملك‬rafa‘ahū li-a. l- ‫‘ عتك‬ataka i to attack
malik to present s.th. (e.g., a gift) most ‫‘ عاتك‬atik clear, pure, limpid (esp. wine)
obediently to the king 589
‫‘ عتاب‬itāb censure, blame, rebuke, ‫‘ عتل‬atala u i (‘atl) to carry (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
reproof, reprimand
‫‘ عتال‬attāl porter, carrier
‫ مَعاتبة‬mu‘ātaba censure, blame, rebuke,
reproof, reprimand ‫‘ عتلة‬atala pl. ‫‘ عتل‬atal crowbar
‫‘ عتد‬atuda u (‫‘ عتاد‬atād) to be ready, be ‫‘ عتالة‬itāla porter’s or carrier’s trade;
prepared IV to prepare, ready, make ready porterage
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫‘ عتم‬atama i (‘atm) to hesitate II to darken,
‫‘ عتاد‬atād pl. ‫ اعتد‬a’tud, ‫ اعتدة‬a‘tida obscure, cloud, black out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
equipment; (war) material, matériel, hesitate (esp. with neg.) │ ‫ مَا عتم‬,‫لَ يعتم ان‬
ammunition │ ‫( عتاد حربي‬ḥarbī) war ‫ لم يعتم ان‬,‫ ان‬it does not (did not) take long
material, materiel, ammunition until …, before long ..., presently IV to
hesitate, waver
‫‘ عتيد‬atīd ready, prepared; future,
forthcoming; venerable; solemn ‫( عتم‬coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬wild olive tree
□ ‫ مَعتر‬mu‘attar (< ‫ )مَعثر‬slovenly, floppy; ‫‘ عتمة‬atma dark, gloom, darkness
stupid; unfortunate ‫‘ عتمة‬atama first third of the night
‫‘ عتق‬atuqa u (‫‘ عتاقة‬atāqa) and ‘ataqa i (‘atq, ‫‘ عتامَة‬atāma opacity, opaqueness; (pl.
‘itq) to grow old, age; to mature, mellow -āt) darkness
(wine); -- ‘ataqa i to be emancipated, be
free (slave) IV to free, set free, release, ‫ تعتيم‬ta‘tīm darkening, obscuring,
emancipate, manumit (‫ ه‬s.o., esp. a slave) clouding
VII to free o.s., rid o.s. (‫ مَن‬of) ‫ مَعتم‬mu‘tim dark
‫‘ عتق‬itq age, vintage (esp. of wine); ‫ عته‬pass. ‘utiha (‘uth, ‘atah, ‫‘ عتاهة‬atāha) to be
liberty (as opposed to slavery); or become· idiotic, imbecile, dimwitted,
feeble-minded, demented, insane, mad, ‫‘ عثرة‬atra pl. ‘atarāt stumbling,
crazy tripping; false step, slip, fall │ ‫حجر عثرة‬
ḥajar ‘a. stumbling block; ‫وقف عثرة في سبيله‬
‫‘ عته‬uth, ‘atah idiocy, imbecility
(‘atratan) to be a stumbling block for s.o.,
dimwittedness, feeble-mindedness
obstruct s.o.’s way
‫‘ عتاهة‬atāha idiocy, imbecility,
‫‘ عثور‬atūr discovery, detection (‫ على‬of)
dimwittedness, feeble-mindedness
‫‘ عثير‬ityar dust, fine sand
‫ مَعتوه‬ma‘tūh pl. ‫ مَعاتيه‬ma‘ātīh2 idiotic,
insane, mad, crazy; idiot, lunatic, ‫‘ عاثور‬ātūr pl. ‫‘ عواثير‬awātīr2 pitfall;
imbecile, demented person, insane person difficulty
(‫ عتو‬and ‫‘ عتا )عتي‬atā u (‫‘ عتو‬utūw, ‫‘ عتي‬utīy, ‫ مَتعثر‬muta‘attir stumbling, tripping;
‘itīy) to be insolent, refractory, speaking (a foreign language) brokenly;
recalcitrant, unruly; to be violent, fierce, broken (of a foreign language)
strong, wild, furious, raging (e.g., storms) ‫‘ عثماني‬utmānī Ottoman; (adj. and n.) 590
V do.
‫‘ عثنون‬utnūn pl. ‫‘ عثانين‬atānīn2 beard
‫‘ عتو‬utūw presumption, haughtiness,
insolence, impertinence, arrogance; ‫ )عثو‬and ‫‘ عثي( عثا‬atā u (‫‘ عثو‬utūw), ‫‘ عثى‬atā a
recalcitrance, unruliness, wildness, i (‘utīy, ‘itīy) to act wickedly, do harm,
ferocity cause mischief
‫‘ عتي‬utīy presumption, haughtiness ‫‘ عج‬ajja i (‘ajj, ‫‘ عجيج‬ajīj) to cry, yell, roar; to
insolence, impertinence, arrogUC8; cry out for help (‫ الى‬to); to rage, roar; to
recalcitrance, unruliness, wildness, thunder, resound (‫ ب‬with); to swarm, teem
ferocity │ ‫‘( بلغ مَن العمر عتيا‬umr) to attain (‫ ب‬with) II to raise, swirl up (‫ الغبار‬al-
great age; to be far advanced in years gubāra the dust; of the wind)
‫‘ عتي‬atīy pl. ‫ اعتاء‬a‘tā’ haughty, ‫‘ عج‬ajj crying, yelling; clamor, roar
impertinent, insolent; recalcitrant, ‫‘ عجة‬ujja omelet
refractory, unruly, intractable, wild
‫‘ عجيج‬ajīj crying, yelling; clamor, roar
‫‘ عات‬ātin pl. ‫‘ عتاة‬utāh presumptuous,
impudent, impertinent, insolent, arrogant; ‫‘ عجاج‬ajāj (swirling) dust; smoke
violent, fierce, strong, wild, furious, ‫‘ عجاجة‬ajāja pl. -āt cloud of dust;
raging (storm) billow of smoke
‫‘ عث‬utt (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫‘ عثث‬utat moth ‫‘ عجاج‬ajjāj crying, yelling, clamoring,
worm, moth larva; moth roaring, boisterous, vociferous; raging
‫ مَعثوث‬ma‘tūt moth-ridden, fall of (esp. sea)
moths, moth-eaten ‫‘ عجب‬ajiba a (‘ajab) to wonder,
‫‘ عثر‬atara u i (‘atr, ‫‘ عثير‬atīr, ‫‘ عثار‬itār) to marvel, be astonished, be amazed (‫ ب‬or ‫ل‬
stumble, trip; ‫ عثر به‬to trip s.o., make s.o. at, over) II to strike with wonder or
stumble, make s.o. fall, fell s.o., topple astonishment, amaze, astonish, surprise (‫ه‬
s.o.; -- ‘atara u (‫‘ عثور‬utūr) to come (‫ ب‬or s.o.) IV = II; to please, delight (‫ ه‬s.o.),
‫ على‬scroll), hit, light, strike, stumble (‫ ب‬or appeal (‫ ه‬to s.o.); -- pass. IV u‘jiba to
‫ على‬upon), find, discover, detect (‫ ب‬or ‫على‬ admire (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), have a high opinion
s.o. s.th.) II to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to stumble, (‫ ب‬of); to be proud (‫ ب‬of), be vain (‫ب‬
trip (‫ ه‬s.o.), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) fall, topple (‫ه‬ about), glory (‫ ب‬in) │ ‫( اعجب بنفسه‬u‘jiba)
s.o.) IV = II; to acquaint (‫ على ه‬s.o. with to be conceited, be vain V to wonder,
s.th.); to lead (‫ على ه‬s.o. to s.th.) V to marvel, be astonished, be amazed (‫ مَن‬at,
stumble, trip; to stutter, stammer, speak over) X = V
brokenly │ ‫( تعثر بأذيال الخيبة‬bi-adyāl l- ‫‘ عجب‬ujb pride (‫ ب‬of, in), vanity (‫ ب‬in),
kaiba) to fail, meet with failure conceit
‫‘ عجب‬ajab astonishment, amazement; ‫‘ عجرة‬ujra pl. ‫‘ عجر‬ujar knot, knob,
(pl. ‫ اعجاب‬a‘jāb) wonder, marvel; ‫عجبا‬ hump, protuberance, excrescence │ ‫عجره‬
‘ajaban how strange! how odd! How ‫‘ وبجره‬ujaruhū wa-bujaruhū his (its)
astonishing! how remarkable! ‫ يا للعجب‬yā obvious 591 and hidden shortcomings, all
la-l-‘ajab oh, how wonderful! ‫لَ عجب‬ his (its) faults
(‘ajaba) no wonder! ‫ امَر عجب‬amrun ‫‘ عجور‬aggūr (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a variety of
‘ajabun a wonderful, marvelous thing; green melon, (eg.)
‫( عجب عجاب‬ujāb) most prodigious
happening, wonder of wonders ‫ عجرف‬II ta‘ajrafa to be presumptuous,
arrogant, haughty
‫‘ عجاب‬ujāb wonderful, wondrous,
marvelous, astonishing, amazing; see ‫‘ عجرفة‬ajrafa presumption, arrogance,
‘ajab haughtiness
‫‘ عجيب‬ajīb wonderful, wondrous, ‫‘ عجز‬ajaza i (‘ajz) and ‘ajiza a to be
marvelous, admirable; astonishing, weak, lock strength, be incapable (‫ عن‬of),
amazing, remarkable, strange, odd be unable (‫ عن‬to do s.th.); -- ‘ajaza u (‫عجو‬
‫‘ ز‬ujūz) and ‘ajuza u to age, grow old
‫‘ عجيبة‬ajība pl. ‫‘ عجائب‬ajā’ib wondrous (woman) │ ‫‘( مَا عجز ان‬ajaza, ‘ajiza) not to
thing, unheard of thing, prodigy, marvel, fail to ... II to weaken, debilitate, disable,
miracle, wonder; pl. remarkable things, incapacitate, hamstring, cripple, paralyze (
curiosities, oddities │ ‫مَن عجائب المَر ان‬ ‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to weaken, debilitate, disable,
the remarkable thing about the matter is incapacitate, hamstring, cripple, paralyze
that ... (. s.o.); to be impossible (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to
speak in an inimitable, or wonderful,
‫ اعجب‬a’jab2 more wonderful, more
manner │ ‫( اعجزه عن الدب والمشي‬dabb,
marvelous; more astonishing, more
mašy) to paralyze s.o.’s every move; ‫اعجزه‬
remarkable
‫( عن الفهم‬fahm) to make comprehension
‫ اعجوبة‬u‘jūba pl. ‫ اعاجيب‬a‘ājīb2 impossible for s.o. X to deem (‫ ه‬s.o.)
wondrous thing; unheard-of thing, incapable (‫ عن‬of)
prodigy, marvel, miracle, wonder
‫‘ عجز‬ajz weakness, incapacity,
‫ تعجيب‬ta‘jīb arousing of admiration (‫مَن‬ disability, failure, impotence (‫ عن‬for, to do
for s.th.), boosting (‫ مَن‬of s.th.), publicity ( s.th.); deficit
‫ مَن‬for s.th.)
‫' عجز‬ajuz, ‘ajz pl. ‫ اعجاز‬a‘jāz backside,
‫ اعجاب‬i‘jāb admiration (‫ ب‬for); rump, posteriors │ ‫ اعجاز النخل‬a. an-nakl
pleasure, satisfaction, delight (‫ ب‬in); stumps of palm trees; ‫رد العجز على‬
acclaim; pride; self-complacency, conceit ‫( الصدرعجز‬ṣadr) to bring the rear to the
‫ تعجب‬ta‘ajjub astonishment, amazement fore, i.e., to reverse conditions, make up
for a deficiency
‫ استعجاب‬isti‘jāb astonishment,
amazement ‫‘ عجوز‬ujūz old age

‫ مَعجب‬mu‘jib causing admiration, ‫‘ عجوز‬ajūz pl. ‫‘ عجائز‬ajā’iz2, ‫‘ عجز‬ujuz


admirable old woman; old man; old, advanced in
years
‫ مَعجب‬mu‘jab admirer (‫ ب‬of s.o., of
s.th.); proud (‫ ب‬of), vain (‫ ب‬about) │ ‫مَعج‬ ‫‘ عجيزة‬ajīza posteriors, buttocks (of a
‫( ب بنفسه‬bi-nafsihī) conceited, vain woman)

‫ مَتعجب‬muta‘ajjib amazed, astonished ‫ اعجز‬i‘jāz inimitability, wondrous


nature (of the Koran)
‫‘ عجر‬ajar outgrowth, protuberance,
excrescence, projection ‫‘ عاجز‬ājiz pl. ‫‘ عواجز‬awājiz2 weak,
feeble, powerless, impotent; incapable (‫عن‬
‫‘ عجر‬ajr (eg.) green, unripe of), unable (‫ عن‬to do s.th.); -- (pl. ‫عجزة‬
‘ajaza) physically weak; physically
disabled; decrepit │ ‫ اسعاف العجزة‬is‘āf ‫‘ عجلة‬ajala pl. -āt wheel; bicycle │ O
al-‘a. care for the aged ‫( عجلة سيارة‬sayyāra) motorcycle; ‫عجلة القيادة‬
steering wheel; O ‫( عجلة نارية‬nārīya)
‫ مَعجز‬mu‘jiz miracle (esp. one
motorcycle
performed by a prophet)
‫‘ عجيل‬ajīl pl. ‫‘ عجال‬ijāl quick, fast,
‫ مَعجزة‬mu‘jiza pl. -āt miracle (esp. one
swift, speedy, rapid
performed by a prophet)
‫‘ عجول‬ajūl pl. ‫‘ عجل‬ujul quick, fast,
‫‘ عجعج‬aj‘aja to bellow, bawl, roar
swift, speedy, rapid; hasty, precipitate,
‫‘ عجعجة‬aj‘aja clamor, roar, bellowing rash
‫ اعجف‬a‘jaf 2, f. ‫‘ عجفاء‬ajfā’2 pl. ‫‘ عجاف‬ijāf ‫‘ عجالة‬ujāla work quickly thrown
slender, slim, svelte; lean, emaciated together, hastily prepared work, rush job;
‫‘ عجل‬ajila a (‘ajal, ‫‘ عجلة‬ajala) to hurry, O sketch (lit.); quickly compiled report
hasten, speed, rush, be in a hurry; to rush, ‫‘ عجلان‬ajlān2, f. ‫‘ عجلى‬ajlā, pl. ‫عجالى‬
hasten, hurry, come quickly (‫ الى‬to) II to ‘ajālā, ‫‘ عجال‬ijāl quick, fast, swift, speedy,
hurry, hasten, speed, rush, be in a hurry; to hurried, rapid, hasty, cursory
bring about quickly, hasten on (‫ ب‬s.th.),
‫ اعجل‬a‘jal2, f. ‫‘ عجلى‬ujlā, pl. ‫‘ عجل‬ujl
bring or take quickly (‫ ل ب‬s.th. to); to
quicker, faster; hastier; more cursory
hurry, rush, urge, impel, drive (‫ ه‬s.o.),
expedite, speed up, accelerate (‫ ه‬s.th.); to ‫ تعجيل‬ta‘jīl speeding-up, expediting,
pay in advance; to pay spot cash (‫ هـ ل‬to acceleration
s.o. for) III to hurry in order to catch up (‫هـ‬ ‫ استعجال‬isti‘jāl hurry, haste;
‫ ه‬, with s.o., with s.th.), rush, hurry (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ precipitance, precipitation │ ‫على وجه‬
after s.o., after s.th.); to catch up (‫ ه‬with ‫( الَستعجال‬wajhi l-ist.) expeditiously,
s.o.), overtake (‫ ه‬s.o.; esp. death), descend speedily
swiftly (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬upon); to anticipate, forestall
(‫ ب ه‬s.o. in or with) IV to hurry, rush, urge, ‫ استعجالي‬isti‘jālī speedy, expeditious;
impel, drive (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫اعجله الوقت عن‬ temporary, provisional
(waqtu) the time was too short for him ‫‘ عاجل‬ājil pertaining to this world,
to ... V to hurry, hasten, speed, rush, be in worldly; temporal; immediate; ‫عاجلا‬
a hurry; to seek to get ahead in a hurry; to ‘ājilan soon, presently, before long; at
hurry, rush, urge (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to); to once, immediately, instantly │ ‫حكم عاجل‬
anticipate, forestall (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to be (ḥukm) summary judgment (jur.); ‫عاجلا او‬
ahead (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), precede (‫ هـ‬e.g., events); ‫ آجل‬sooner or later; ‫ في العاجل والجل‬now
to receive at once, without delay (‫ هـ‬a and in the future; ‫ في عاجله او آجله‬sooner or
sum), receive spot cash │ ‫تعجله الجواب‬ later; ‫ في القريب العاجل‬in the immediate
(jawāba) to demand a quick reply from future
s.o. X to hurry, hasten, rush, speed, be in a
hurry; to wish to expedite (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to 592 ‫‘ عاجلة‬ājila fast train, express train; ‫العاج‬
hurry, rush, urge, impel, drive (‫ ه‬s.o.), ‫ لة‬life in this world, temporal existence
expedite, speed up, accelerate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ مَعجل‬mu‘ajjal urgent, pressing;
‫‘ عجل‬ijl pl. ‫‘ عجول‬ujūl, ‫‘ عجلة‬ijala calf │ premature │ ‫ مَعجل الرسم‬m. ar-rasm
‫‘ عجل البحر‬i. al-baḥr sea calf, seal prepaid, postpaid (mail item); ‫حكم بالنفاذ‬
‫( المعجل‬ḥukm, nafād) summary judgment,
‫‘ عجل‬ajal hurry, haste │ ‫ على عجل‬in a sentence by summary proceedings (jur.)
hurry, hurriedly, speedily, quickly, fast,
rapidly ‫ دفع مَعجل‬dafa‘a mu‘ajjalan to pay in
advance
‫‘ عجل‬ajil quick, fast, swift, speedy,
rapid ‫ مَتعجل‬muta‘ajjil hasty, rash, precipitate
‫‘ عجلة‬ajala hurry, haste; precipitance, ‫ مَستعجل‬musta‘jil hurried, in a hurry
precipitation ‫ مَستعجل‬musta‘jal expeditious, speedy;
urgent, pressing; precipitate, premature │
‫ قاضي المَور المستعجلة‬magistrate of summary ‫ مَعجن‬mi‘jan pl. ‫ مَعاجن‬ma‘ājin2 kneading
justice trough; kneading machine
‫‘ عجم‬ajama u (‘ajm) to try, test, put to the test ( ‫ مَعجون‬ma‘jūn pl. ‫ مَعاجين‬ma‘ājīn2 paste,
‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫‘( عجم عوده‬ūdahū) to try, test s.o., cream (cosmet.); putty; electuary; majoon
put s.o. to the test IV to provide (‫ هـ‬a (confection made of hemp leaves,
letter) with a diacritical point (with henbane, datura seeds, poppy seeds, honey
diacritical points) VII to be obscure, and ghee, producing effects similar to
incomprehensible, unintelligible (‫ على‬to those of hashish and opium) │ ‫مَعجون‬
s.o.; language) X to become un-Arabic ‫ السنان‬tooth paste
‫‘ عجم‬ajam (coll.) barbarians, non- ‫ مَعجنات‬mu‘ajjanāt (pot) pies, pasties
Arabs; Persians; ‫ العجم‬or ‫ بلد العجم‬Persia ‫‘ عجوة‬ajwa pressed dates │ ‫ اقراص عجوة‬a pastry
‫‘ عجم‬ajam (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬stone, kernel, made of rich dough with almonds and date
pit, pip, seed (of fruit) paste (syr.)
‫‘ عجمي‬ajamī pl. ‫ اعجام‬a‘jām barbarian, ‫‘ عد‬adda u (‘add) to count, number,
non-Arab; Persian (adj. and n.) reckon (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ مَن‬.s.o. among); to
enumerate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to compute, calculate
‫‘ عجمة‬ajma barbarism, incorrectness (in
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to regard (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ هـ‬s.o., s.th. as),
speaking Arabic)
look (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ هـ‬at s.o., at s.th. as), consider,
‫‘ عجماء‬ajmā’2 pl. ‫‘ عجموات‬ajmawāt think, deem (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ هـ‬s.o., s.th. to be s.th.);
(dumb) beast pass. ‘udda to be considered, go (‫ هـ‬as
‫ اعجم‬a‘jam2, f. ‫‘ عجماء‬ajmā’2, pl. ‫اعاجم‬ s.th.), pass (‫ هـ‬for s.th.); to amount (‫ ب‬to)
a‘ājim2 speaking incorrect Arabic; dumb, │ ‫( عد النفاس عليه‬to count s.o.’s breathing
speechless; barbarian, non-Arab, =) to watch closely over s.o., keep a sharp
foreigner, alien; a Persian 593 eye on s.o., watch s.o.’s every move; ‫عد هـ‬
‫ على‬to put down, or charge, s.th. to s.o.’s
‫ اعجمي‬a‘jamī non-Arabic; non-Arab, disadvantage; ‫( لَ يعد‬yu‘addu) numberless,
foreigner, alien; a Persian countless, innumerable II to count off,
‫ مَعجم‬mu‘jam incomprehensible, enumerate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make numerous,
unintelligible, obscure (language, speech); multiply, compound (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫عدد الميت‬
dotted, provided with a diacritical point (mayyita) to enumerate the merits of a
(letter); (pl. ‫ مَعاجم‬ma‘ājim2) dictionary, dead person, eulogize s.o. IV to prepare (‫ل‬
lexicon │ ‫ حروف المعجم‬the letters of the ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th. for); to ready, make ready,
alphabet get ready (‫ ه‬,‫ ل هـ‬s.o., s.th. for); to prepare,
finish, fit, fix up, adapt, adjust, dress,
‫‘ عجن‬ajana i u (‘ajn) to knead (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to arrange, dispose, set up, make (‫ل ه‬
soak (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( لت وعجن في مَسألة‬latta,
mas’ala) to bring up a problem time and s.th. for), draw up, draft, work out (‫هـ‬
again, harp on a question e.g.. a report); to prepare (‫ هـ‬one’s lesson)
│ ‫‘( اعد عدته ل‬uddatahū) to make one’s
‫‘ عجان‬ijān perineum (anat.) preparations for, prepare o.s. for V to be or
‫‘ عجان‬ajjān, f. ‫ ة‬dough kneader become numerous, be manifold, be
multifarious, be multiple; to multiply,
‫‘ عجين‬ajīn dough, batter, paste; pastes
increase in number, proliferate, be
(such as noodles, vermicelli, spaghetti,
compounded VIII to regard (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ هـ‬s.o.,
etc.)
s.th. as), look (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ هـ‬at s.o., at s.th. as),
‫‘ عجينة‬ajīna a piece of dough; dough; consider, think, deem (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ هـ‬s.o., s.th. to
soft mass, soggy mixture; pl. ‫‘ عجائن‬ajā’in2 be s.th.); to reckon (‫ ب‬with), rely (‫ب‬
plastics upon); to put down (‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.’s
‫‘ عجيني‬ajīnī doughy, doughlike, pasty, credit, ‫ على‬to s.o.’s disadvantage); to hold
paste-like (‫ ب على‬against s.o. s.th.), take exception (
‫ ب على‬to s.o. because of s.th.); to provide
o.s., equip o.s. (‫ ب‬with); (of a woman) to
observe the iddat, or legally prescribed ‫ اعدادي‬i‘dadī preparatory │ ‫شهادة اعدادية‬
period of waiting, before contracting a (šahāda) certificate granted after
new marriage X to get ready, ready o.s.; to completing four years of secondary school
stand prepared, keep in readiness, stand (eg.)
by; to prepare o.s.; to be ready, willing, ‫ تعدد‬ta‘addud variety, diversity,
prepared (‫ ل‬for, to do s.th.) multiplicity, plurality, great number,
‫‘ عد‬add counting, count; enumeration, multitude │ ‫ تعدد اللهة‬polytheism; ‫تعدد‬
listing; computation, calculation ‫ الزوجات‬t. az-zajāt polygamy
‫‘ عدة‬udda readiness, preparedness; -- ‫ اعتداد‬i‘tidād confidence, reliance, trust (
(pl. ‫‘ عدد‬udad) equipment, outfit; ‫ ب‬in) │ ‫( الَعتداد بنفسه‬bi-nafsihī) self-
implement, instrument, tool; gadget, confidence, self-reliance
device, appliance, contrivance; rigging, ‫ استعداد‬isti‘dād readiness, willingness,
594 tackle, sails; harness (of a horse) │ ‫أخذ‬ preparedness; (pl. -āt) inclination,
‫( )اعد( عدته ل‬a‘adda) to make one’s tendency, disposition, propensity;
preparations for, prepare o.s. for; s.th. ‫أخذ‬ predisposition (‫ ل‬for a disease),
‫ عدة الشيء‬to make preparations for s.th.; ‫عدة‬ susceptibility (‫ ل‬to a disease); pl.
‫ الساعة‬clockwork, watchwork conveniences, amenities, comfort │ ‫كان‬
‫‘ عدة‬idda number; (attributively:) ‫ على استعداد ل‬to be prepared, be set for ...; to
several, numerous, many, e.g., ‫رجال عدة‬ be ready, willing, inclined, in a position
(‘iddatun) many men, ‫‘ عدة مَرات‬iddata to ...
marrātin several times; iddat, legally ‫ استعدادي‬isti‘dādī preparatory
prescribed period of waiting during which
a woman may not remarry after being ‫ مَعدود‬ma‘dūd countable, numerable,
widowed or divorced (Isl. Law) calculable; limited in number, little, few, a
few, some
‫‘ عدد‬adad pl. ‫ اعداد‬a‘dād number,
numeral; figure, digit, cipher; quantity; ‫ مَعددة‬mu‘addida (hired) female mourner
number, issue (of a newspaper) │ ‫عدد خاص‬ ‫ مَعد‬mu‘add destined, intended (‫ ل‬for);
(kāṣṣ) special number, special issue (e.g., ready, prepared (‫ ل‬for‫ و‬to do s.th.), willing
of a periodical) (‫ ل‬to do s.th.)
‫‘ عددي‬adadī numerical, numeral, ‫ مَعدات‬mu‘addāt equipment, material,
relative to a number or numbers materiel, gear; appliances, devices,
‫‘ عديد‬adīd (with foll. genit.) counted implements, gadgets) (‫مَعدات حربية )عسكرية‬
among or with; numerous; number; large (ḥarbīya, ‘askarīya) war material; ‫مَعدات‬
quantity; equal) │ ‫‘( عدد عديد‬adad) ‫ الحريق‬m. al-ḥarīq fire-fighting equipment
enormous quantity, great multitude; ‫هذا‬ ‫ مَتعدد‬muta‘addid manifold, multiple,
‫ عديد ذاك‬this equals that plural, numerous, varied, variegated,
‫’عداد‬adād pl. -āt counter, meter (for various, diverse, different; multi-, many-,
electricity, gas, etc.) poly- (in compounds) ‫ مَتعدد الخليا‬m. al-
kalāya multicellular (biol.); ‫ مَتعدد النواحي‬m.
‫ مَعداد‬mi‘dād pl. ‫ مَعاديد‬ma’ādīd2 abacus an-nawāḥī multifarious, variegated,
‫ تعداد‬ta‘dād counting, count; varied, manifold
enumeration, listing; computation, ‫ مَستعد‬musta‘idd prepared, ready (‫ ل‬for);
calculation │ ‫ تعداد النفس‬t. al-anfus census inclined, in a position (‫ ل‬to, to do s.th.);
‫‘ عداد‬idād number, quantity │ ‫لَ عداد له‬ predisposed (‫ ل‬for), susceptible (‫ ل‬to, esp.
(‘idāda) innumerable, countless; ‫في عداد‬ to a disease)
among, e.g., ‫ هو في عدادهم‬he is counted ‫‘ عدس‬adas (coil.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬lentil(s)
among them, he is one of them
‫‘ عدسة‬adasa pl. -āt lens; magnifying
‫ اعداد‬i‘dād preparation, readying, glass; object lens, objective
arranging, setting up, making, drawing up,
drafting ‫‘ عدسي‬adasī lenticular 595
‫‘ عدل‬adala i (‘adl, ‫‘ عدالة‬adāla) to act justly, fairly, justly │ ‫ وزير العدل‬minister of
equitably, with fairness │ ‫ عدل بينهم‬to treat justice
everyone with indiscriminate justice, not ‫‘ عدلي‬adlī forensic, legal, judicial,
to discriminate between them; -- ‘adala i juridical, juristic
to be equal (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), be
equivalent (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), be on a par (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ ‫‘ عدل‬idl equal, tantamount,
with), be the equal (‫ ه‬of s.o.), equal, match corresponding; -- (pl. ‫ اعدال‬a‘dāl, ‫عدول‬
(‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), counterbalance, outweigh ‘udūl) either of the two balanced halves of
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make equal, equalize, level (‫ب‬ a load carried by a beast of burden; sack,
‫ ه‬s.o. with another), place (‫ ه‬s.o.) on the bag
same level or footing (‫ ب‬with another); -- ‫‘ عديل‬adīl equal, like, tantamount,
‘adala i (‫‘ عدول‬udūl) to deviate, swerve, corresponding; (with foll. genit.) equal (to
deflect, turn away (‫ الى عن‬from -- toward); s.o.), on a par (with s.o.); (eg.; pl. ‫عدائل‬
to digress, depart, refrain, desist, abstain, ‘adā’il) brother-in-law (husband of one’s
avert o.s., turn away (‫ عن‬from), leave off, sister)
relinquish. abandon, renounce, disclaim,
give up, forego, waive, drop (‫ عن‬s.th.) │ ‫‘ عدول‬udūl refraining, abstention,
‫ عدل به عن‬to make s.o. desist, abstain or desistance (‫ عن‬from), forgoing,
turn away from; ‫( عدل ببصره الى‬bi-baṣarihī) renunciation, resignation, abandonment,
to let one’s eyes stray to or toward; -- relinquishment (‫ عن‬of s.th.)
‘adula u (‫‘ عدالة‬adāla) to be just, fair, ‫‘ عدالة‬adāla justice, fairness,
equitable II to straighten, make or put impartiality; probity, integrity, honesty,
straight, set in order, array (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to equitableness; decency, proper conduct;
balance, right, rectify, put in order, honorable record (Isl. Law)
straighten out, fix, settle, adjust (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) just; to adapt (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫‘ عدلية‬adlīya justice, administration of
change, alter, commute, amend, modify, justice, jurisprudence │ ‫وزير العدلية‬
improve (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to modulate (‫ هـ‬current, minister of justice
waves; el.) III to be equal (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to ‫ اعدل‬a‘dal2 more regular, more uniform;
s.th.), be equivalent (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), be on a more balanced; juster, fairer, more
par (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with), be the equal (‫ ه‬of s.o.), equitable; more upright, more honest,
equal, match (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), more righteous
counterbalance, outweigh (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ تعديل‬ta‘dīl straightening, straightening
equate, treat as equal (‫ وبين‬-- ‫ بين‬two
out, settling, setting right; -- (pl. -āt)
persons or things) IV to straighten, make
change, alteration, commutation, 596
or put straight (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to he changed,
amendment, modification; settlement,
be altered, be commuted, be modified,
adjustment, regulation; improvement;
undergo modification, change or alteration
reshuffle (of the cabinet); modulation (el.)
VI to be in a state of equilibrium, be
│ ‫( تعديل وزاري‬wizārī) cabinet reshuffle
balanced; to be equal, be on a par; to
offset one another, strike a balance VIII to ‫ مَعادلة‬mu‘ādala assimilation,
straighten (up), tense; to draw o.s. up, sit approximation, adjustment, equalization,
straight, sit up; to be straight, even, leveling, balancing, equilibration; balance,
balanced; to be moderate, be temperate equilibrium; equality; equivalence;
evenness, proportion, proportionateness,
‫‘ عدل‬adl straightness,
proportionality; equation (math.)
straightforwardness; justice, impartiality;
fairness, equitableness, probity, honesty, ‫ تعادل‬ta‘ādul balance, equilibrium;
uprightness; equitable composition, just equality; equivalence; evenness,
compromise; -- (pl. ‫‘ عدول‬udūl) just, proportion, proportionateness,
equitable, fair, upright, honest; person of proportionality; draw, tie (in sports) │ ‫تعاد‬
good reputation, person with an honorable ‫ ل الصوات‬tie vote, equal number of votes
record (Isl. Law); juristic adjunct assigned ‫ اعتدال‬i‘tidāl straightness, erectness,
to a cadi (Magr.); ‫‘ عدلا‬adlan equitably, tenseness; evenness, symmetry, proportion
(e.g., of stature, of growth); moderateness, ‫ اعدام‬i‘dām destruction, annihilation;
moderation, temperance, temperateness; execution │ ‫( الحكم بالعدام‬ḥukm) death
equinox │ ‫ سمت الَعتدال‬simt al-i. sentence
equinoctial colure (astron.) ‫ اعدامَية‬i‘dāmīya headcloth without ‘iqāl
‫ اعتدالي‬i‘tidālī equinoctial (as a sign of mourning)
‫‘ عادل‬ādil just, fair, equitable; upright, ‫ انعدام‬in‘idām absence, lack,
honest, straightforward, righteous nonexistence
‫ مَعدل‬mu‘addal average; average ‫‘ عادم‬ādim pl. ‫‘ عوادم‬awādim2
amount or sum │ ‫ مَعدل السرعة‬m. as-sur‘a nonexistent, lost; unrestorable,
average speed; ‫ بمعدل‬as an average, on the irreclaimable; waste- (in compounds); pl.
average waste, refuse, scraps │ ‫ المياه العادمَة‬sewage,
sullage, waste water; ‫ عوادم القطان‬cotton
‫ مَعادل‬mu‘ādil equal, of equal status,
waste; ‫ انبوبة العوادم‬unbūbat al-‘a. exhaust
having equal rights
pipe (automobile)
‫ مَتعادل‬muta‘āadil balanced, neutral
‫ مَعدوم‬ma‘dūm nonexistent, wanting,
‫ مَعتدل‬mu‘tadil straight, even, lacking, absent; missing; lost; gone,
proportionate, symmetrical, harmonious; vanished
moderate, temperate; mild, clement
‫ مَعدوم‬mu‘dim poor, destitute;
(weather) │ ‫( المنطقة المعتدلة‬minṭaqa) the
impoverished 597
Temperate Zone
‫‘ عدن‬adn Eden, Paradise; ‘adan2 Aden (city in
‫‘ عدم‬adima a (‘udm, ‘adam) to be deprived, be
southern Arabia)
devoid, be in want, be deficient (‫ هـ‬of
s.th.); to lack, not to have (‫ هـ‬s.th:); to lose, ‫ مَعدن‬ma‘din pl. ‫ مَعادن‬ma‘ādin2 mine;
miss (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); -- pass. ‘udima to be lode; metal; mineral; treasure-trove,
lacking, be missing, be absent, be bonanza (fig.); (place of) origin, source │
nonexistent; to be loot, be gone, have ‫‘ علم المعادن‬ilm al-m. mineralogy; ‫امَتحن مَعدنه‬
disappeared; to disappear, vanish IV to to probe into s.o.’s very nature
cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to miss or lack (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ مَعدن‬ma‘dan (eg.; syr, ma‘din) very
deprive (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. of s.th.); to destroy, good! bravo! well done!
annihilate, wipe out (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
execute (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be or become poor, be ‫ مَعدني‬ma‘dinī metallic, mineral; ‫المعدنيات‬
reduced to poverty, become impoverished mineralogy │ ‫ مَاء مَعدني‬mineral water
VII = pass. I ‫ تعدين‬ta‘dīn mining of metals and
‫‘ عدم‬adam non-being, nonexistence; minerals; mining, mining industry
nothing, nothingness, nihility; lack, want, ‫ مَعدن‬mu‘addin miner
absence; loss, privation; (with foll. genit.)
non-, un-, in-, dis-; (pl. ‫ اعدام‬a‘dām) ‫‘ عدنان‬adnān2 legendary ancestor of the North
nonentity, nullity, banality, trifle │ ‫عدم‬ Arabs
‫ الَهتمام‬inattention, indifference; ‫عدم‬ (‫‘ عدا )عدو‬adā u (‘adw) to run, speed, gallop,
‫ الَختصاص‬noncompetency; ‫ عدم الوجود‬non- dash, race; to pass (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.),
being, nonexistence go past s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ ;)عن‬to give up,
‫‘ عدمَي‬adamī nihilist abandon, leave (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.); to
pass over, bypass, omit (‫ ه‬s. o.), not to
‫‘ عدمَية‬adamīya non-being, bother (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), exempt, except ( ‫ب‬
nonexistence; nihilism ‫ ب‬s.o. from); to cross, overstep, exceed,
‫‘ عديم‬adīm not having, lacking, transcend (‫ هـ‬s.th.), go beyond s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to
wanting; deprived (of); devoid (of), exceed the proper bounds; to infect (‫الى‬
without, -less, in-, un- (with foll. genit.) │ s.o.); -- u (‫‘ عدو‬adw, ‘udūw, ‫‘ عداء‬adā’, ‫عدو‬
‫‘ عديم الحياة‬a. al-ḥayāh inanimate, lifeless; ‫‘ ان‬udwān, ‘idwān) to engage in
‫ عديم النظير‬unequaled, incomparable, aggressive, hostile action, commit an
unique aggression, a hostile act (‫ على‬against); to
act unjustly (‫ على‬toward), wrong (‫ على‬s.o.); assail, assault, attack, raid (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.),
to assail, assault, attack, raid (‫ على‬s.o., infringe, encroach, make inroads (‫على‬
s.th.); -- u (‫‘ عدو‬adw) to handicap, hamper, upon), make an attempt on s.o.’s (‫ )على‬Iif.
impede, obstruct (‫ عن ه‬s.o. in); to prevent, X to appeal for assistance (598 ‫ ه‬to s.o.
hinder (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from) │ ‫عدا طوره‬ ‫ على‬against); to stir up, rouse, incite (‫على ه‬
(ṭaurahū) to transcend one’s bounds or s.o. against)
limits; ‫ لَ يعدو ان يفعله‬not to rail to do s.th.; ‫‘ عدا‬adā, ‫ مَا عدا‬or ‫ فيما عدا‬fī-mā ‘adā
to do s.th. inevitably; ‫ لَ يعدو ان يكون‬... it is (with foll. acc. or genit.) except, save,
no more than , it is only or merely ... II to with the exception of, excepting ...; ‫فيما عدا‬
cause to cross, overstep, exceed or ‫ ذلك‬besides
transcend; to ferry (‫ ه‬s.o., over a river);
(gram.) to make transitive (‫ هـ‬a verb); to ‫‘ عدو‬adw running, run, race (also in
give up, abandon, leave (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.o., sports)
s.th.); to cross (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a river) III to ‫‘ عدوة‬udwa side, slope (of a volley),
treat as an enemy (‫ ه‬s.o.), show enmity (‫ه‬ bank, embankment (of a river), shore
toward s.o.), be at war, feud (‫ ه‬with s.o.);
to fall out (‫ ه‬with s.o.), contract the enmity ‫‘ عدو‬aduw pl. ‫ اعداء‬a‘dā’, ‫‘ عدى‬idan,
(‫ ه‬of s.o.); to act hostility (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to ‘udan, ‫‘ عداة‬udāh, ‫ اعاد‬a‘ādin, f. ‫عدوة‬
counteract, disobey (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), act in ‘adūwa enemy │ (‫ الد‬،‫( عدو لدود )لديد‬ladūd,
opposition (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to), contravene, infringe ( aladd) foe, archenemy
‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to infect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ مَن‬with a ‫‘ عدوة‬adūwa fem. of ‫‘ عدو‬adūw
disease) V to cross, overstep (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
traverse (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to exceed, transcend, ‫‘ عدى‬adīy acting hostilely, aggressive
surpass (‫ هـ‬s.th.). go beyond s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to ‫‘ عداء‬adā’ enmity, hostility, antagonism,
go beyond s.th. (‫ )هـ‬and turn one’s animosity; aggression
attention to s.th. else (‫)الى‬, not to be
‫‘ عدائي‬adā’ī hostile, inimical,
limited to s.th. (‫ )هـ‬but also to comprise (
antagonistic, aggressive
‫ الى‬s.th. else), extend beyond s.th. (‫ )هـ‬to
s.th. else (‫ ;)الى‬to overtake, pass, outstrip, ‫‘ عداء‬adā’ runner, racer
outdistance, leave behind (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ اعدى‬a‘dā: ‫ اعدى العداء‬a. l-a‘dā’ the
overcome, surmount (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a worst of enemies
crisis); to pass on, shift, spread (‫ الى‬to); to
transgress, infract, violate, break (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫‘ عدوى‬adwd infection, contagion; --
e.g., laws); to engage in brutal, hostile ‘udwā hostile action
action, commit aggression, a hostile act ( ‫‘ عداوة‬adāwa pl. -āt enmity, hostility,
‫ على‬against); to act unjustly (‫ على‬toward antagonism, animosity
s.o.); to assail, assault, attack, raid (‫على‬
s.o., s.th.); to infringe, encroach, make ‫‘ عدواء‬udawā’2 hindrance, handicap,
inroads (‫ على‬upon) │ ‫تعدى عليه بالضرب‬ impediment; inconvenience, nuisance,
(ḍarb) to come to blow, with s.o., lay discomfiture │ ‫ ذو عدواء‬rough, rugged,
hands upon s.o. VI to harbor mutual uneven; adverse, discomfiting,
enmity, be hostile to one another, be inconvenient; bad, poor (mount)
enemies VII to be infected (‫ ب‬with a ‫‘ عدوان‬udwān, ‘idwān enmity, hostility,
disease), catch an infection (‫ مَن‬by, from) hostile action, aggression
VIII to cross, overstep (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to exceed,
‫‘ عدواني‬udwānī: ‫ سياسة عدوانية‬policy of
transcend, surpass (‫ هـ‬s.th.), go beyond
aggression
s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to act outrageously, brutally,
unlawfully (‫ على‬against); to commit ‫ مَعدى‬ma‘dan escape, way out,
excesses (‫ على‬against); to engage in avoidance │ ‫( لَ مَعدى مَنه‬ma‘dā) inevitable,
aggressive, brutal, hostile action (‫على‬ unavoidable, inescapable
against), commit an aggression, a hostile ‫ مَعدية‬ma‘diya pl. ‫ مَعاد‬ma‘ādin ferry,
act (‫ على‬against); to act unjustly (‫على‬ ferryboat
toward); to violate (‫ على‬a woman); to
‫ تعدية‬ta‘diya ferrying, ferry service; ‫ الحديث‬entertaining, amusing,
conversion into the transitive form (gram.) companionable, personable
‫ تعد‬ta‘addin crossing, overstepping, ‫‘ عذاب‬adāb pl. -āt, ‫ اعذبة‬a‘diba pain,
exceeding, transcending; overtaking, torment, suffering, agony, torture;
passing (e.g., of an automobile); -- (pl. ‫تعدي‬ punishment, chastisement, castigation
‫ ات‬ta‘addiyāt) infraction, violation, breach ‫‘ عذوبة‬udūba sweetness
(e.g., of laws), transgression,
encroachment, inroad (‫ على‬on), ‫ اعذب‬a‘dab2 sweeter, more pleasant,
infringement of the law; offense against more agreeable
law, tort, delict (Isl. Law); attack, assault; ‫ تعذيب‬ta‘dīb affliction, tormenting,
aggression agonizing, torture, torturing; punishment,
‫ اعتداء‬i‘tidā’ pl. -āt attack, assault, raid, chastisement, castigation
inroad (‫ على‬on), attempt (‫ على‬on s.o.’s ‫‘ عذر‬adara i (‘udr, ‫ عذر‬ma‘dira) to
life), criminal attack (‫ على‬on); outrage (‫على‬ excuse, absolve from guilt (‫ ه‬s.o.), forgive
upon); aggression (‫ على‬against; esp. pol.) َ‫م‬ (‫ عن‬or ‫ في ه‬s.o. s.th.) │ ‫ لم يعذرني‬he
‫ عاهدة )اتفاق( عدم الَعتداء‬mu‘āhadat (ittifāq) wouldn’t let me give any excuses, he
‘adam al-i‘t. pact of nonaggression wouldn’t take no for an answer, he kept
‫‘ عاد‬ādin pl. ‫‘ عواد‬awādin aggressive, insisting; -- ‘adara i (‘adr) to circumcise (
attacking, assailing, raiding; (pl. ‫عداة‬ ‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = I; to have an excuse │ ‫اعذر مَن‬
‘udāh) enemy │ ‫ عواد الوحوش‬beasts of ‫( انذر‬man a‘dara) he who warns is excused
prey, predatory animals V to be difficult, impossible,
impracticable, unfeasible (‫ على‬for) VIII to
‫‘ عادية‬ādiya pl. -āt, ‫‘ عواد‬awādin wrong, excuse o.s. apologize (‫ مَن ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o.
offense, misdeed, outrage; adversity, for s.th.); to give or advance (‫ ب‬s.th.) as
misfortune, reverse; obstacle, impediment, an excuse (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬for), plead s.th. (‫ )ب‬in
obstruction; pi. vicissitudes │ ‫عدت عليهم‬ defense of (‫ عن‬or ‫ )مَن‬X to wish to be
‫‘( عواد‬adal) fate dealt them heavy blows, excused; to make an apology, excuse o.s.,
they fell on evil days apologize
‫ مَعاد‬mu‘ādin hostile, inimical, ‫‘ عذر‬udr pl. ‫ اعذار‬a‘dār excuse │ ‫ابو عذر‬
antagonistic abū ‘u. (with foll. genit.) responsible for,
‫ مَعد‬mu‘din contagious, infectious │ answerable for; ‫هو ابو عذر هذا التطور‬
‫ امَراض مَعدية‬contagious diseases (taṭawwur) he is the originator of this
development
‫ مَتعد‬muta‘addin transitive (gram.);
aggressor, assailant ‫‘ عذرة‬udra virginity, virginhood; name
of an Arab tribe │ ‫ ابو عذرة = ابو عذر‬see
‫ مَعتد‬mu‘tadin pl. -ūn assailant, assassin;
above
aggressor (pol.)
‫‘ عذري‬udrī belonging to the tribe of
‫‘ عذب‬aduba u (‫‘ عذوبة‬udūba) to be
‘udra (see above)
sweet, pleasant, agreeable; -- ‘adaba i to
599 hinder, handicap, impede, obstruct (‫ه‬ ‫( الهوى العذري‬hawā) platonic love
s.o.) II to afflict, pain, torment, try, ‫‘ عذار‬idār pl. ‫‘ عذر‬udur cheek; fluff,
agonize, torture, rack (‫ ه‬s.o.); to punish, first growth of heard (on the cheeks);
chastise, castigate (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be cheekpiece (of a horse’s harness) │ ‫خلع‬
punished, suffer punishment; to feel pain, ‫ عذاره‬to throw off all restraint, drop all
suffer; to torment s.o., be in agony, be pretenses of shame; ‫ خالع العذار‬unrestrained,
harassed X to find (‫ هـ‬s.th.) sweet, wanton, uninhibited
pleasant, or agreeable; to think (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
beautiful, nice ‫‘ عذراء‬adrā’2 pl. ‫‘ عذارى‬adārā virgin; ‫الع‬
‫ ذراء‬Virgo (astron.); the Virgin Mary
‫‘ عذب‬adb pl. ‫‘ عذاب‬idāb sweet; pleasant, (Chr.) │ ‫( فتاة عذراء‬fatāh) maiden, virgin
agreeable │ ‫ مَياه عذب‬fresh water; ‫عذب‬
‫ مَعذرة‬ma‘dira pl. ‫ مَعاذر‬ma‘ādir2 excuse, sentiment), give expression (‫ عن‬to s.th.,
forgiveness, pardon esp. to a sentiment); (gram.) to use
desinential inflection, pronounce the
‫ مَعذار‬mi‘dār pl. ‫ مَعاذير‬ma’ādīr2 excuse,
i‘rāb V to assimilate o.s. to the Arab,
plea
become an Arab, adopt the custom, of the
‫ تعذر‬ta‘addur difficulty, impossibility, Arabs X = V
impracticability, unfeasibility
‫‘ عرب‬arab (coll.) pl. ‫‘ عروب‬urūb, ‫اعرب‬
‫ اعتذار‬i‘tidār apology, excuse, plea a‘rub, ‫‘ عربان‬urbān, ‫ اعراب‬a‘rāb Arabs;
‫ مَعذور‬ma‘dūr excused, justified, true Arabs, Arabs of the desert, Bedouins
warranted; excusable ‫‘ عربي‬arabī Arab, Arabic, Arabian;
‫ مَتعذر‬muta‘addir difficult, impossible, truly Arabic; an Arab; ‫ العربية‬the ‘Arabīya,
impracticable, unfeasible the language of the ancient Arabs;
classical, or literary, Arabic
‫‘ عذق‬idq pl. ‫ اعذاق‬a‘dāq bunch, cluster (of
dates, of grapes) ‫‘ عربة‬araba a swift river; (pl. -āt)
carriage, vehicle, wagon, cart; (railroad)
‫‘ عذل‬adala u (‘adl) to blame, censure, reprove, car, coach; araba, coach │ ‫‘ عربة الجرة‬a.
rebuke, reproach (‫ ه‬s.o.) II = I al-ujra cab, hack, hackney; ‫‘ عربة الكل‬a.
‫‘ عذل‬adl blame, censure, reproof, al-akl dining car, diner; ‫‘ عربة رش‬a. rašš
reproach water wagon, sprinkling wagon; ‫عربة ركوب‬
cab, hack, hackney; ‫‘ عربة الشحن‬a. aš-šaḥn
‫‘ عذول‬adūl stem censurer, rebuker, wagon, lorry; freight car; ‫عربة مَطعم‬
severe critic (maṭ‘am) dining car, diner; ‫عربة الطفال‬
‫‘ عاذل‬ādil pl. ‫‘ عذال‬uddāl, f. ‫‘ عاذلة‬ādila baby carriage; ‫‘ عربة النقل‬a. an-naql wagon,
pl. ‫‘ عواذل‬awādil2 censurer, reprover, critic lorry, van; freight car; ‫‘ عربة النوم‬a. an-
naum sleeping car, sleeper; ‫‘ عربة يد‬a. yad
(‫ عذو‬and ‫‘ عذا )عذى‬adā u and ‫‘ عذى‬adiya a to
handcart, pushcart; wheelbarrow
be healthy (country, city; due to its
climate, air, etc.) 600 ‫‘ عربية‬arabīya pl. -āt carriage, vehicle;
araba, coach; see ‫عربي‬
‫‘ عر‬arra u to be a shame, be a disgrace (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
for s.o., for s.th.); to bring shame or ‫‘ عربجي‬arbajī pl. -īya coachman,
disgrace (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬upon s.o., upon s.th.), cabman
disgrace, dishonor (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) ‫‘ عربخانة‬arbakāna car shed, coach
‫‘ عرة‬urra scabies, mange; dung; a house
disgraceful, shameful thing ‫‘ عراب‬arrāb godfather, sponsor
‫‘ عرر‬arar scabies, mange ‫ عرابة‬arrāba godmother, sponsor
‫ مَعرة‬ma‘arra shame, disgrace, ‫ اعرابي‬a‘rābī pl. ‫ اعراب‬a‘rāb an Arab of
ignominy; stain, blemish, stigma the desert, a Bedouin
‫ مَعتر‬mu‘tarr miserable, wretched; ‫‘ عروبة‬urūba Arabism, Arabdom, the
scoundrel, rogue Arab idea, the Arab character
‫ عرب‬II to Arabicize, make Arabic (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., ‫ تعريب‬ta‘rīb Arabicizing, Arabization;
s.th.): to translate into Arabic (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to translation into Arabic; incorporation (of
express, voice, state clearly, declare (‫عن‬ loanwords) into Arabic
s.th.); to give earnest money, give a
handsel, make a down payment IV to ‫ اعراب‬i‘rāb manifestation, declaration,
Arabicize, make Arabic (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), proclamation, pronouncement, utterance;
give an Arabic form (‫ هـ‬to s.th.); to make expression (‫ عن‬of a sentiment); desinential
plain or clear, state clearly, declare (‫ عن‬or inflection (gram.)
‫ هـ‬s.th.), express (unmistakably), utter, ‫ مَعرب‬mu‘arrib translator into Arabic
voice, proclaim, make known, manifest,
give to understand (‫ عن‬s.th., esp. a
‫ مَعرب‬mu‘arrab Arabicized; translated ‫ تعاريج‬ta‘ārīj2 (pl.) curves, curvatures,
into Arabic bends, turns, twists, windings, sinuosities;
wavy lines, serpentines
‫ مَعرب‬mu‘rab desinentially inflective
(gram.) ‫ تعرج‬ta‘arruj zigzag (course)
‫ مَستعرب‬musta‘rib Arabist ‫ مَتعرج‬muta‘arrij winding, twisting,
tortuous, sinuous; zigzag
‫‘ عربد‬arbada to be quarrelsome, be
contentious, pick quarrels; to be noisy, ‫ مَنعرج‬mun‘arij crooked, curved, bent,
boisterous, riotous, raise a din winding, twisting, tortuous, sinuous
‫‘ عربد‬arbada quarrelsomeness, ‫ مَنعرج‬mun‘araj pl. -āt bend, turn,
contentiousness; noise, din, uproar, riot curve, twist, angle (of roads, etc.)
‫‘ عربيد‬irbīd quarrelsome, contentious; ‫‘ عرزال‬irzāl hut or shack of the rural warden
noisy, boisterous, riotous (usually in a tree or on top of a roof)
‫ مَعربد‬mu‘arbid quarrelsome, ‫ عرس‬II (nejd.) to marry (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to) IV to
contentious; noisy, boisterous, riotous arrange a wedding feast
‫‘ عربس‬arbasa to upset, disturb, confuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫‘ عرس‬urs, ‘urus pl. ‫ اعراس‬a‘rās, ‫عرسات‬
601 ‘urusāt marriage; wedding, wedding feast
‫‘ عربن‬arbana to give earnest money, give a ‫‘ عرس‬irs pl. ‫ اعراس‬a‘rās husband; wife
handsel, make a down payment (‫ ه‬to s.o.) │ ‫ ابن عرس‬ibn ‘irs pl. ‫ بنات عرس‬banāt ‘irs
weasel (zool.)
‫‘ عربون‬urbūn, ‘arabūn pl. ‫عرابين‬
‘arābīn2 handsel, earnest money, down ‫‘ عرسة‬irsa weasel
payment; pledge, pawn, gage ‫‘ عروس‬arūs pl. ‫‘ عرس‬urus bridegroom;
‫‘ عرج‬araja u (‫‘ عروج‬urūj) to ascend, mount, f. (pl. ‫‘ عرائس‬arā’is) bride; doll; ‫العروسان‬
rise; -- ‘arija a (‘araj) to be lame, walk al-‘arūsān bride and groom, the
lamely, limp, hobble II to turn (‫ على‬to, newlyweds │ ‫‘ عرائس النيل‬a. an-nīl lotus
toward); to stop, halt, stop over (‫ على‬in, ‫‘ عروسة‬arūsa pl. ‫‘ عرائس‬arā’is2 bride;
at); to turn (‫ عن‬off s.th.), swerve (‫عن‬ doll, baby doll │ ‫‘ عروسة البرقع‬a. al-burqu‘
from); to lame, cripple, paralyze (‫ ه‬s.o.); to metal tubes ornamenting the veil of
zigzag, make zigzag (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to lame, Muslim women
cripple, paralyze (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to zigzag,
follow a zigzag course VII to incline, lean, ‫‘ عريس‬arīs bridegroom
bend, curve; to be or become crooked, ‫‘ عريس‬irrīs lair of a lion, lion’s den
curved, bent, sinuous, winding
‫‘ عرش‬araša i u to erect a trellis (‫ هـ‬for
‫‘ عرج‬araj lameness grapevines), train on a trellis or espalier,
‫ اعرج‬a‘raj2, f. ‫‘ عرجاء‬arjā’2, pl. ‫عرج‬ to trellis, to espalier (‫ هـ‬vines) II to roof
‘urj, ‫‘ عرجان‬urjān lame, limping; -- jack over (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
(in a deck of cards) ‫‘ عرش‬arš pl. ‫‘ عروش‬urūš, ‫ اعراش‬a‘rāš
2
‫ مَعرج‬ma‘raj pl. ‫ مَعارج‬ma‘ārij place of throne; tribe (magr.)
ascent; (route of) ascent ‫‘ عريش‬arīš pl. ‫‘ عرش‬uruš, ‫عرائش‬
2
‫ مَعرج‬mi‘raj pl. ‫ مَعارج‬ma‘ārij ladder, ‘arā’iš2 arbor, bower; hut made of twigs;
stairs booth, shack, shanty; trellis (for
grapevines); shaft, carriage pole
‫ مَعراج‬mi‘rāj; pl. ‫ مَعاريج‬ma‘ārīj2 ladder,
stairs; ‫ المعراج‬the midnight journey to the ‫ العريش‬El Arish (town in N Egypt, on
seven heavens (made by Mohammed on Mediterranean)
the 27th of Rajab, from Jerusalem) │ ‫ليلة‬ ‫ تعريشة‬ta‘rīša pl. ‫ تعاريش‬ta‘ārīš2 trellis,
‫ المعراج‬lailat al-m. the night of lattice-work; arbor, bower
Mohammed’s ascension to the seven
heavens ‫‘ عرص‬araṣa a (‘araṣ) to be lively, gay, merry
‫‘ عرص‬arṣa pl. ‘araṣāt, ‫ اعراص‬a‘rāṣ a topic): to undertake (‫ ل‬s.th.), embark (‫ل‬
vacant lot; courtyard, court of a house upon s.th.); to expose o.s., be exposed, be
subjected (‫ ل‬to s.th.); to run the risk (‫ ل‬of),
‫ مَعرص‬mu‘arraṣ pimp, procurer;
risk (‫ ل‬doing or being s.th.); to dare,
cuckold 602
venture, risk (‫ ل‬s.th.) VI to oppose one
1
‫‘ عرض‬aruḍa u to be or become wide, broad, another; to be contradictory, conflict, be
to widen, broaden; -- ‘araḍa i (‘arḍ) to incompatible (‫ مَع‬with) VIII to betake o.s.,
become visible, appear (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to get in go, present o.s. (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to raise an
s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬way; to happen (‫ ل‬to s.o.), befall objection, make objections, object (‫على‬
(‫ ل‬s.o.); to occur (‫ ل‬to s.o.), come to s.o.’s to). veto (‫ على‬s.th.), remonstrate, protest (
(‫ )ل‬mind; to turn (‫ ل‬to s.o., to s.th.); to ‫ على‬against); to resist, oppose (‫ على‬s.o.,
take care (‫ ل‬of), concern o.s. (‫ ل‬with), turn s.th.); to stand up (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬against s.o.,
one’s attention, put one’s mind, apply o.s., against s.th.), stand in, or obstruct, the
attend (‫ ل‬to), go in (‫ ل‬for), go into s.th. ( way of s.o. or s.th. (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ;)هـ‬to hinder
‫)ل‬, enter, embark (‫ ل‬upon), take up, treat ( impede, obstruct (‫ ل‬s.o.); to happen (‫ ه‬to
‫ ل‬s.th.), deal (‫ ل‬with); to show, s.o.), befall (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫ اعترض سبيله‬to block
demonstrate, present, set forth, display, s.o.’s way X to ask to be shown (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫هـ‬
exhibit, lay open, submit, turn in (‫على هـ‬ s.th.); to pass in review (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. in
s.th. to s.o.), lay, put (‫ على هـ‬s.th. before one’s imagination, before one’s mental
s.o.); to show (‫ هـ‬e.g., a film), stage (‫هـ‬ eye), call up, conjure up, call to one’s
e.g., a play); to offer, suggest, propose ( mind, picture to o.s., visualize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ على هـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to subject (‫ على هـ‬s.th. weigh, consider, examine (‫هـ‬s.th.); to
to a critical examination, and the like); to inspect, review (‫ هـ‬troops); to expound, set
inspect (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to review (‫ هـ‬troops), forth (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to proceed ruthlessly; to
pass in review (‫ هـ‬s.th., also before one’s massacre without much ado (‫ هم‬the
mental eye); pass. ‘uriḍa to be or go mad, enemy)
insane │ ‫ عرض له عارض‬an obstacle arose
‫‘ عرض‬arḍ pl. ‫‘ عروض‬urūḍ breadth;
in his path; ‫ عرض له خاطر‬a thought
width; presentation, demonstration,
occurred to him, he had an idea II to make
staging, show(ing), performance; display,
wide or broad, widen, broaden, extend (‫هـ‬
exposition, exhibition; submission, filing
s.th.); to expose (‫ ه‬,‫ ل هـ‬s.o., s.th. to s.th.,
(e.g., of an application); proposition,
esp. to risk: ‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to the sun); to
proposal, offer, tender; parade; review
intimate, insinuate (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.), allude (‫ل‬
(mil.); merchandise, goods │ ‫بالعرض‬
or ‫ ب‬to), hint (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬at) │ ‫ عرضه للنور‬to
across, crosswise, in breadth; ‫العرض والطلب‬
hold s.th. against the light III to offer
(ṭalab) supply and demand; ‫عرض الزياء‬
resistance (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), resist (‫هـ‬,
‘a. al-azyā’ fashion show; ‫‘ عرض حال‬a.
s.o., s.th.), work against s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫;)هـ‬
ḥāl or ‫ عرضحال‬pl. ‫‘ عرضحالَت‬arḍuḥālāt
to contradict, oppose (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), raise
application, petition, memorial; (‫خط )درجة‬
objections, protest, remonstrate (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
‫ العرض‬kaṭṭ (darajat) al-‘a. degree 603 of
against s.o., against s.th.); to be against
latitude; ‫ شباك العرض‬šubbāk al-‘a. show
s.o. or s.th. (‫هـ‬, .); to avoid, shun (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
window; ‫ يوم العرض‬yaum al-‘a. the Day of
s.th.); to compare (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with) IV to
Judgment, Doomsday
turn away, avert o.s. (‫ ب‬from), avoid, shun
(‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.), shirk (‫ عن‬s.th.), give up, ‫‘ عرضي‬arḍī cross- (in compounds),
abandon, relinquish, discard, renounce, transverse, horizontal │ ‫( خط عرضي‬kaṭṭ)
disclaim (‫ عن‬s.th.); not to mention (‫عن‬ latitudinal degree, geographical latitude
s.th.): ‫ الى‬... ‫ اعرض عن‬to turn away from ‫‘ عرض‬urḍ pl. ‫ اعراض‬a‘rāḍ honor, good
s.th. and to s.th. else V to resist, oppose (‫ل‬ repute; dignity │ ‫ انا في عرضك‬I rely on
s.o., s.th.), stand up (‫ ل‬against), raise your generosity, have mercy upon me!
objections, object (‫ ل‬to); to face (‫ ل‬s.th.,
e.g., a problem); to interfere (‫ ل‬with), ‫‘ عرض‬urḍ side; middle │ ‫في عرض البحر‬
meddle (‫ ل‬in); to put one’s mind, turn (‘u. il-baḥr) at sea, on the high seas; ‫القى‬
one’s attention (‫ ل‬to), go into s.th. (‫ل‬, e.g., ‫ )ضرب( به عرض الحائط‬to undervalue, scorn,
disdain, despise, reject s.th.; to ruin,
thwart, foil s.th.; to throw s.th. overboard, ‫ مَعراض‬mi‘rāḍ: ‫( قال في مَعراض كلمَه‬m.
jettison s.th.; ‫‘( نظر اليه عن عرض‬an ‘urdin) kalāmihī) to mention casually, say among
he looked askance at him, he gave him a other things
slanting glance (contemptuously); ‫في عرض‬ ‫ تعريض‬ta‘rīḍ intimation, allusion, hint,
‫ الناس‬amid the crowd of people; ‫هو مَن عرض‬ indication
‫ الناس‬he belongs to the common people
‫ مَعارضة‬mu‘āraḍa opposition (esp.
‫‘ عرضاني‬arḍānī transversal, transverse, pol.); resistance, contradiction,
latitudinal; measured crosswise remonstrance, objection, exception,
‫‘ عرض‬araḍ pl. ‫ اعراض‬a‘rāḍ accident protect; O resistance (el.)
(philos.); contingent, nonessential ‫ اعراض‬i‘rāḍ shunning, avoidance,
characteristic; s.th. nonessential, a evasion; reluctance │ ‫ في اعراض‬reluctantly
contingent, s.th. accidental: symptom,
manifestation of disease; ‫‘ عرضا‬araḍan, ‫بال‬ ‫ تعارض‬ta‘āruḍ conflict, clash,
‫ عرض‬incidentally, by chance antagonism, contradiction, contrariety
‫‘ عرضي‬araḍī accidental (philos.), non- ‫ اعتراض‬i‘tirāḍ pl. -āt resistance,
essential, unessential; incidental, opposition, objection, exception,
accidental, contingent, fortuitous, casual; counterargument, counterassertion,
‫‘ عرضيات‬arādīyāt unessential incidents, counterblast, riposte, rebuttal, rejoinder,
unessentials; accidentals │ ‫خطيئة عرضية‬ expostulation, remonstrance, protest;
venial sin (Chr.) (right of) veto (Isl. Law) │ ‫حق الَعتراض‬
ḥaqq al-i‘t. (right of) veto (pol.)
‫‘ عرضة‬urḍa target; (object of)
intention, intent, design; object (‫ ل‬of): ‫ استعراض‬isti‘rāḍ examination, survey;
exposed, subject(ed), liable (‫ ل‬to s.th.); parade, review; revue, musical show 604
(with foll. genit.) suitable for, fitting for, ‫ استعراضي‬isti‘rāḍī revue-, show- (in
appropriate for compounds), revue-like │ ‫فرقة استعراضية‬
‫‘ عروض‬arūḍ prosody; (pl. ‫اعاريض‬ (firqa) Show troupe; revue troupe; ‫فلم‬
a‘ārīḍ2) last foot of the first hemistich │ ‫عل‬ ‫ استعراضي‬film musical
‫‘ م العروض‬ilm al-‘a. metrics, prosody ‫‘ عارض‬āriḍ pl. -ūn exhibitor (e.g., at a
‫‘ عروضي‬arūḍī prosodic(al), metrical fair); demonstrator; -- (pl. ‫‘ عوارض‬awāriḍ)
obstacle, impediment, obstruction;
‫‘ عريض‬arīḍ pl. ‫‘ عراض‬irāḍ broad, temporary disturbance, anomalous
wide; extensive, vast condition (physically); attack, fit, spell;
‫‘ عريضة‬arīḍa pl. ‫‘ عرائض‬arā’iḍ2 s.th. accidental, s.th. nonessential, an
petition, application, memorial accidcnt; side of the face; -- ‫ العارضان‬the
cheeks │ ‫ خفيف العارضين‬k. al-‘āriḍain
‫ مَعرض‬ma‘riḍ pl. ‫ مَعارض‬ma‘āriḍ2 place
having a sparse beard; ‫ في عارض الطريق‬in
where s.th. is exhibited or displayed;
the middle of the road
showroom, stage; exposition, exhibition;
show; fair (com.); (with foll. genit.) time, ‫ عارضة‬āriḍa pl. -āt woman
occasion for s.th. │ ‫( في مَعرض‬with foll. demonstrator, woman exhibitor; -- (pl. ‫عوا‬
genit.) in the form of ..., in ... manner; on ‫‘ رض‬awāriḍ2) side of the face; doorpost,
the occasion of, at the occurrence or jamb; crossbeam, transom; joist, girder;
appearance of; ‫ لسنا الن في مَعرض‬... (lasnā) purlin; O anode (el.) │ ‫ قوة العارضة‬qūwat
with foll. verbal noun: this is not the place al-‘ā. eloquence; ‫ عارضة الزياء‬mannequin
for us to ...; ‫ لسنا في مَعرض الكلم عن‬let us not ‫‘ عارضي‬āridī accidental, casual,
speak of ... now, this is not the place to occasional
speak of ...; ‫ مَعرض الزياء‬m. al-azyā’
fashion show; ‫ مَعرض الصحف‬m. aṣ-ṣuḥuf ‫ مَعروض‬ma‘rūd pl. ‫ مَعاريض‬ma‘ārīḍ2
press review exposition, report; memorial, petition,
application; -- pl. -āt propositions,
‫ مَعرض‬mi‘raḍ wedding gown proposals, offers, tenders; exhibits,
exhibited articles
‫ مَعارض‬mu‘āriḍ adversary, opponent, acknowledge (‫ ل ب‬s.th. to s.o.); to make a
antagonist, opposer; contradicter confession, to confess (Chr.) │ ‫اعترف‬
‫ بالجميل‬to be grateful X to discern,
‫ مَعترض‬mu‘tariḍ running or lying
recognize (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
across, transversal, transverse; adversary,
opponent, antagonist, opposer; ‫‘ عرف‬arf fragrance, perfume, scent,
contradicter; resistance (el.) │ ‫جملة مَعترضة‬ aroma 605
(jumla) parenthetical clause, parenthesis ‫‘ عرف‬urf beneficence, kindness;
2
‫‘ عرضي‬urḍī (from Turk. ordu) military custom, usage, practice, convention,
encampment, army camp tradition, habit; legal practice; custom,
customary law (jur.); (pl. ‫ اعراف‬a‘rāf)
‫‘ عرف‬arafa i (‫ مَعرفة‬ma‘rifa, ‫‘ عرفان‬irfān) to
crest, comb (or a rooster), mane (of a
know (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to recognize,
horse) │ ‫ في عرفه‬as was his wont,
perceive (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to be cognizant,
according to his habit; in his opinion;
be aware (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), be acquainted (‫هـ‬
‫( العرف السياسي‬siyāsī) protocol
with s.th.), to discover, experience, find
out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to recognize, acknowledge ( ‫‘ عرفي‬urfī traditional, conventional,
‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ هـ‬s.th. as being right; ‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. as); usual, common, customary, habitual;
to concede, acknowledge (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to pertaining to secular legal practice (as
s.o.), allow (‫ ل هـ‬for s.th. in s.o.); to opposed to šar‘ī); private, unofficial (as
approve (‫ هـ‬of); to distinguish, opposed to rasmī) │ ‫( الحكم العرفي‬ḥukm)
differentiate (‫ ه‬,‫ مَن هـ‬s.o., s.th. from); pass. martial law; ‫ الحكام العرفية‬do.; ‫مَحكمة عرفية‬
‘urifa to be known (‫ ب‬as, by the name of) (maḥkama) court-martial
│ ‫( عرف حق المعرفة‬ḥaqqa l-m.) to know for ‫‘ عرف‬arīf pl. ‫‘ عرفاء‬urafā’2 knowing (‫ب‬
sure, be sure (of), be positive (about); ‫عرف‬ s.th.), cognizant, aware (‫ ب‬of s.th.);
‫ ت له الجميل‬she was grateful to him, she expert, authority, specialist; teaching
appreciated his service, she gratefully assistant, monitor (an older pupil assisting
acknowledged his service II to announce ( the teacher of a Koran school); sergeant
‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), inform, advise, apprise (‫هـ‬ (Ir.); corporal (U.A.R); ‫ رئيس العرفاء‬a
‫ ه‬s.o. of), acquaint (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. with s.th.); to military rank, approx.: master sergeant
introduce (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. to s.o. else), have (Ir., Syr.); ‫ نائب عريف‬approx.: corporal
(‫ ه‬s.o.) meet (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب‬s.o. else), present ( ‫ب‬ (Ir.); (pl. ‫‘ عرفان‬irfān) teacher, esp. a
‫ ه‬s.o. to s.o. else); to define (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to teacher and precentor of congregational
determine, specify, characterize, explain ( singing (Copt.-Chr.)
‫ هـ‬s.th.); (gram.) to make definite (‫ هـ‬a
noun); (Chr.) to confess (‫ ه‬a penitent), ‫‘ عراف‬arrāf diviner, fortuneteller
hear the confession (‫ ه‬of s.o.) V to become ‫‘ عرافة‬arrāfa pl. -āt (woman)
acquainted (‫ ب‬or ‫ الى‬also ‫ على‬with s.o.), fortuneteller
meet (‫ ب‬or ‫ الى‬s.o.), make the
acquaintance of s.o. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ;)الى‬to make ‫‘ عرافة‬irāfa fortuneteller’s trade;
o.s. known, disclose one’s identity, reveal fortunetelling, divination
o.s. (‫ الى‬to s.o.); to acquaint o.s., ‫‘ عرفات‬arafāt Arafat, name of a
familiarize o.s. (‫ل‬. or ‫ الى‬with), get to mountain and adjacent plain, located four
know (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.); to sound, explore ( hours’ distance east of Mecca, where the
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to trace, discover, uncover (‫هـ‬ Mecca pilgrims spend the 9th day of
s.th.); (gram.) to be or become definite Zu’lhijja
(noun) VI to become acquainted with one
another, become mutually acquainted, get ‫‘ عرفان‬irfān cognition, knowledge,
to know each other; to become acquainted perception; recognition, acknowledgment
(‫ ب‬with); to come to know (‫ هـ‬s.th.), learn │ ‫ عرفان الجميل‬gratitude, thankfulness;
(‫ هـ‬about) VIII to confess, admit, ‫‘ عرفان الفضل‬i. al-faḍl do.
acknowledge, own, avow (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ اعرف‬a‘raf2 knowing better (‫ ب‬s.th.),
recognize (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), grant recognition more cognizant. more knowledgeable (‫ب‬
(‫ ب‬to s.o., to s.th.); to concede, of), better acquainted. more conversant (‫ب‬
with), more expert, more versed (‫ ب‬in); a ‫ مَعروف‬ma‘rūf known, well-known;
better connoisseur (‫ ب‬of); (f. ‫‘ عرفاء‬arfā’2) universally accepted, generally
having a crest or mane, crested, maned recognized; conventional; that which is
good, beneficial, or fitting, good, benefit;
‫ مَعرفة‬ma‘rifa pl. ‫ مَعارف‬ma‘ārif2
fairness, equity, equitableness; kindness,
knowledge, learning, lore, information.
friendliness, amicability; beneficence;
Skill, know-how; cognition, intellection,
favor rendered, courtesy, mark of
perception, experience, realization;
friendship; active voice (gram.) │ ‫بالمعروف‬
gnosis; acquaintance, cognizance,
or ‫ بمعروف‬in (all) fairness; with
conversance, versedness; an acquainted
appropriate courtesy, in a friendly manner,
person, an acquaintance, a friend; (gram.)
amicably; ‫ ناكر المعروف‬ungrateful; ‫المعروف‬
definite noun; pl. ‫ المعارف‬cultural affairs,
‫ ان‬it is (well-) known that ..., as is well-
education │ ‫ بمعرفة‬by, through (after the
known ..., it is commonly held that ..., it is
passive); ‫ مَع المعرفة‬knowingly, deliberately
generally understood that ...
(jur.); ‫‘( وزير المعارف العمومَية‬umāmīya)
minister of education; ‫لم يكن مَعرفة في قومَه‬ ‫ مَتعارف‬muta‘āraf or ‫مَتعارف عليه‬
(qaumihī) he was unknown among his common, usual, customary;
people commonplace, trivial, trite, hackneyed,
banal
‫ مَعارف‬ma‘ārif2 face, countenance,
features ‫ مَعترف‬mu‘taraf confessor (in the
2 hierarchy of saints; Chr.)
‫ تعريف‬ta‘rīf pl. -āt, ‫ تعاريف‬ta‘ārīf
announcement, notification, ‫ مَعترف به‬mu‘taraf bihī recognized,
communication, information; instruction, accepted, admitted, granted, approved-of,
direction; (social) introduction; definition, licensed, authorized ‫‘ هـ‬ariqa a (‘araq) to
determination, identification, sweat, perspire II to make or let (‫ ه‬s.o.)
specification, characterization; a rendering sweat, promote perspiration; to add water
definite (gram.) │ ‫ اداة التعريف‬adāt at-t. (‫ هـ‬to a drink), dilute (‫ هـ‬a drink); to take
(gram.) the definite article; ‫بطاقة التعريف‬ root, strike roots; to be deeply rooted; to
identity card vein, marble (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to take root,
strike roots V = IV
‫ تعريفة‬ta‘rīfa notification, information,
apprising; -- (pl. -āt, ‫ تعاريف‬ta‘ārīf2) tariff; ‫‘ عرق‬irq pl. ‫‘ عروق‬urūq root; stem (of a
price list plant, of a leaf); vein (bot., anat.);
hereditary disposition; race, stock, descent
‫ تعرف‬ta‘arruf acquaintance (‫ ب‬or ‫الى‬
│ ‫‘ عرق الذهب‬i. ad-dahab ipecac,
with); exploration, study; cognition,
ipecacuanha (bot.); ‫‘ عرق سوس‬i. sūs
knowledge, perception, realization
licorice root; ‫‘ عرق النسا‬i. an-nasā sciatica
‫ اعتراف‬i‘tirāf recognition, acceptance; (med.); ‫ طيب العرق‬ṭīb al-‘i. noble descent;
acknowledgment, avowal, admission, ‫ طيب العرق‬ṭayyib al-‘i. of noble descent,
confession; (Chr.) confession │ ‫اعترافا ب‬ high born; ‫( العرق دساس‬dassās) blood will
in recognition of; ‫( الَعتراف بالجميل‬bi-l- tell, what ill bred in the bone will come
jamīl) gratitude, thankfulness; ‫ابو الَعتراف‬ out in the flesh; ‫ ضرب فيه بعرق‬to have a
father-confessor, confessor (Chr.); ‫سر‬ share in s.th., participate in s.th.
‫ الَعتراف‬sirr al-i‘t. sacrament of penance
‫‘ عرق‬araq sweat, perspiration; arrack, a
(Chr.); ‫ مَعلم الَعتراف‬mu‘allim 606 al-i‘t.
strong colorless liquor made of raisins,
father-confessor, confessor (Chr.); ‫مَن‬
milky white when diluted with water
‫ الَعتراف ان‬it must be admitted that ...,
admittedly ... (esp. syr.; = eg. zabīb) │ ‫‘ عرق القربة‬a.
al-qirba pains, toil, exertion; ‫عرق زحلوي‬
‫‘ عارف‬ārif acquainted, conversant,
(zaḥlāwī) a well-known brand of arrack
familiar (‫ ب‬with); connoisseur, expert;
made in Zahlé (Lebanon)
master (tun.)
‫‘ عرقة‬araqa transom between two
‫‘ عارفة‬ārifa (syr.) sage, wise man (of a
layers of stone or brick
village or tribe)
‫‘ عرقية‬araqīya (eg.) white cotton like) ; to play havoc (‫ هـ‬with), damage
skullcap often worn under the tarboosh) severely (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- ‘arika a to be strong
in battle, be a tough fighter III to fight,
‫‘ عراقة‬arāaqa deep-rootedness; ancient
struggle, contend (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to
ancestral line, old family │ ‫عراقة في النسب‬
engage in a fight, fight one another VIII =
(nasab) noble descent
VI
‫‘ عراقية‬arrāqīya (eg.) white cotton
‫‘ عرك‬ark experience (gained through
skullcap (often worn under the tarboosh)
suffering)
‫‘ عريق‬arīq deep-rooted │ ‫عريق في القدم‬
‫‘ عركة‬arka fight, struggle, battle,
(qidam) ancient; centuried, centuries-old;
combat
‫ مَن عائلة عريقة‬from an old, respectable
family; ‫‘ عريق النسب‬a. an-nasab of noble ‫‘ عريكة‬arīka disposition, frame of mind,
descent, highborn temper, nature
‫ العراق‬al-‘irāq Iraq; ‫ العراقان‬al-‘irāqān ‫ مَعركة‬ma‘raka, ma‘ruka pl. ‫‘ مَعارك‬arik2
Basra and Kufa battlefield; battle
‫‘ عراق‬irāqī Iraqi, Iraqian; (pl. -ūn) an ‫‘ عراك‬irāk struggle, fight, strife, battle,
Iraqi combat
‫ اعرق‬a’raq2 more deep-rooted ‫ مَعاركة‬mu’āraka struggle, fight, strife,
battle, combat
‫ مَعروق‬ma‘rūq gaunt, emaciated, lean
(face, hand, etc.) ‫ عرك‬mu’tarak fighting ground, battle
ground
‫ مَعرق‬mu‘arriq sudorific, promoting
perspiration ‫ عرم‬II to heap up, pile up, stack (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII
to be vicious; to be stubborn, obstinate,
‫ مَعرق‬mu‘arraq veined; mu‘riq firmly
headstrong
rooted │ ‫( مَعرق في القدم‬mu‘riq, qidam) very
old, ancient, centuried, centuries-old 607 ‫‘ عرم‬arim vicious; strong, violent,
vehement, powerful, terrific; dam, dike │
‫‘ عرقب‬arqaba to hamstring (‫ هـ‬an animal)
‫( جيش عرم‬jaiš) numerous, huge army
‫‘ عرقوب‬urqūb pl. ‫‘ عراقيب‬arāqīb2
‫‘ عرام‬urām viciousness (of character);
Achilles’ tendon; hamstring; ‘urqūb name
violence, vehemence │ ‫( سيل عرام‬sail)
of a famed liar │ ‫ اكذب مَن عرقوب‬a greater
huge quantity, tremendous flood
liar than ‘Urqūb
‫‘ عرمَة‬urma pl. ‫‘ عرم‬uram heap, pile,
‫‘ عرقوبي‬urqūbī false, deceitful
bulk, mass, large amount, multitude
(promise)
‫‘ عرمَة‬arama pl. ‫‘ عرم‬aram heap, pile,
‫‘ عرقل‬arqala to render difficult, complicate,
bulk, mass, huge amount, multitude
handicap, hinder, hamper, encumber,
impede, obstruct, delay (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), ‫‘ عارم‬ārim vicious; tempestuous,
throw obstacle, in the way of s.o. or s.th. ( violent, vehement, strong; tremendous,
‫ ه‬,‫( ;)هـ‬tun.) to seize, confiscate, impound ( enormous, huge
‫ هـ‬s.th.) II ta‘arqala to be aggravated, ‫‘ عرمَرم‬aramram strong, violent, vehement │
rendered difficult, be or become ‫( جيش عرمَرم‬jaiš) a numerous, huge army
complicated, be hindered, hampered,
encumbered, impeded, obstructed, ‫‘ عرين‬arīn pl. ‫‘ عرن‬urun thicket; lair of a lion,
handicapped, delayed lion’s den
‫‘ عرقلة‬arqala impeding, hindering, ‫‘ عرينة‬arīna pl. ‫‘ عرائن‬arā’in2 lair of a
encumbering; -- (pl. ‫‘ عراقيل‬arāqīl2) wild animal
encumbrance, impediment, hindrance; ‫‘ عرنين‬irnīn pl. ‫‘ عرانين‬arānīn2 upper
obstacle, difficulty, handicap part of the nose, bridge of the nose
‫‘ عرك‬araka u (‘ark) to rub (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to turn,
adjust (‫ هـ‬the knobs of a radio, and the
‫’ عرناس‬irnās pl. ‫‘ عرانيس‬arānīs2 distaff │ ‫عرناس‬ to hurt, pain (‫ على‬s.o.), be painful (‫ على‬for
‫‘ ذرة‬i. dura corncob (syr.) s.o.), be hard (‫ على‬on s.o.) II to make
strong. strengthen, reinforce, fortify,
(‫‘ عرا )عرو‬arā u (‘arw) and VIII to befall, grip,
corroborate, confirm, solidify, invigorate,
seize, strike, afflict (‫ ه‬s.o.), come, descend
harden, advance, support (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.);
(‫ ه‬upon s.o.), happen (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to take
to consolidate (‫ هـ‬s.th,); to honor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
possession (‫ ه‬of s.o.)
raise in esteem, elevate, exalt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
‫‘ عروة‬urwa pl. ‫‘ عرى‬uran buttonhole; make dear, endear (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫ عزز جانبه‬to
loop, noose, coil; ear, handle (of a jug, and strengthen, reinforce, fortify, solidify,
the like); tie, bond, e.g., ‫‘ عرى الصداقة‬u. aṣ- consolidate s.th., make s.th. strong,
ṣadāqa bonds of friendship; support, prop, powerful, mighty IV to make strong,
stay │ ‫( العروة الوثقى‬wutqā) the firm, strengthen, fortify, reinforce, invigorate,
reliable grip or hold, the firm tie harden, steel (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to love (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
‫‘ عري‬ariya a (‘ury, ‫‘ عرية‬urya) to be s.o., s.th.); to honor (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
naked, nude; to be free, be bare (‫ عن‬of) │ esteem, value, prize (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
‫ عري عن )مَن( ثيابه‬to take off one’s clothes, make dear, endear (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) V to be
strip (naked), undress, have no clothes 608 or become strong, powerful, mighty,
on; ‫( عرى عن كل اساس‬asās) to be forceful, strengthened, fortified,
completely unfounded, be without any reinforced, invigorated, hardened,
foundation II to disrobe, unclothe, undress solidified, consolidated; to be proud, boast
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to bare, denude, lay bare, uncover (‫ ب‬of), pride o.s., glory, exult (‫ ب‬in) VIII
(‫ ه‬s.th.); to strip (‫ مَن ثيابه ه‬s.o. of hill to feel strong or powerful (‫ ب‬due to,
clothes); to deprive, divest, strip (‫ ه مَن‬s.o. because of); to be proud, boast (‫ ب‬of),
of s.th.) pride o.s., glory, exult (‫ ب‬in); to arrogate
to o.s. (‫ ب‬s.th.) X to overwhelm,
‫‘ عري‬ūry nakedness, nudity; unsaddled overcome (‫ على‬s.o.); to become powerful,
(horse) mighty, respected, honored, be exalted; to
‫‘ عرية‬urya nakedness, nudity make or hold dear, value highly, esteem (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫‘ عراء‬arā’ nakedness, nudity; bareness;
open space, open country │ ‫ في العراء‬in the ‫ عز‬might, power, standing, weight;
open air, under the open sky, outside, strength, force; honor. glory, high rank,
outdoors; ‫( مَسرح في العراء‬masraḥ) open-air fame, celebrity, renown │ ‫ عزها‬Her
theater Highness (title); ‫( في عز شبابه‬šabābihī) in
the prime of his youth
‫‘ عريان‬uryān pl. ‫‘ عرايا‬arāyā naked,
nude, undressed, bare │ ‫عريان مَلط‬ ‫‘ عزة‬izza might, power, standing,
(malṭ)`stark-naked (eg.) weight; strength. force; honor, glory, high
rank, fame, celebrity. renown; pride │ ‫عزة‬
O ‫‘ عريانية‬uryānīya nudism ‫ الجانب‬power, might; ‫( العزة القومَية‬qaumīya)
‫ المعاري‬al-ma‘ārī the uncovered parts of national pride; ‫‘ عزة النفس‬i. an-nafs sense
the body (hands, feet, face) of honor, self-respect, self-esteem; ‫صاحب‬
‫ العزة‬title of a bey
‫‘ عار‬ārin pl. ‫‘ عراة‬urāh naked, nude,
undressed, bare; free, devoid, destitute, ‫‘ عزيز‬azīz pl. ‫ اعزاء‬a‘izzā’2, ‫ اعزة‬a‘izza
bare, deprived, stripped, denuded (‫ مَن‬or mighty, powerful, respected,
‫ عن‬of s.th.); blank, bare (e.g., a room), distinguished, notable; strong; noble,
stark (e.g., a narrative) │ ‫عاري القدام‬ esteemed, venerable, august; honorable;
barefoot(ed), unshod rare, scarce, scarcely to be found; difficult,
hard (‫ على‬for); precious, costly, valuable;
‫‘ عز‬azza i (‘izz, ‫‘ عزة‬izza ‫‘ عزازة‬azāza) to be or
dear, beloved (‫ على‬to), cherished, valued (
become strong, powerful, respected; to be
‫ على‬by); friend; ruler, overlord │ ‫عزيزي‬
or become rare, scarce, be scarcely to be
my dear! (esp. as a salutation in letters);
found; to be or become dear, cherished,
‫ عزيز الجانب‬mighty, powerful, strong 609
precious (‫ على‬to s.o.); ‫ عز عليه ان‬he is sorry
that ...; to be hard, difficult (‫ على‬for s.o.);
‫ اعز‬a‘azz2 mightier, more powerful; ‫ عن‬s.th.), abstain, refrain (‫ ان‬from doing
stronger; dearer, more beloved; ‫العزى‬ s.th.)
al-‘uzzā a goddess of the pagan Arabs ‫‘ عزوف‬azūf disinclined, averse (‫ عن‬to
‫ مَعزة‬ma‘azza esteem, regard, affection, s.th.)
love ‫ مَعزف‬mi‘zaf pl. ‫ مَعازف‬ma‘āzif2 stringed
‫ تعزيز‬ta‘zīz pl. -āt strengthening, instrument; O piano
consolidation, support, backing ‫‘ عازف‬āzif player, (musical) performer
‫ اعزاز‬i‘zāz strengthening, fortification, ‫ مَعزوفة‬ma‘zūfa pl. -āt piece of music,
reinforcement, consolidation; love, performance, recital (on an instrument)
affection, esteem, regard
‫‘ عزق‬azaqa i (‘azq) to hoe, dig up, break up,
‫ اعتزاز‬i‘tizāz pride (‫ ب‬in) loosen (‫ الرض‬al-arḍa the soil)
‫ مَعتز‬mu‘tazz proud; mighty, powerful ‫ مَعزقة‬mi‘zaqa pl. ‫ مَعازق‬ma‘āziq2 hoe,
‫‘ عزب‬azaba i u (‫‘ عزوب‬uzūb) to be far, be mattock
distant (‫ عن‬from); to slip, escape (‫ عن‬s.o.’s ‫‘ عزل‬azala i (‘azl) to remove, set aside,
mind) │ ‫ عزب عن الذهان‬to be forgotten, isolate, separate, segregate, detach, cut off
sink into oblivion; -- ‘azaba u (‫‘ عزبة‬uzba, (‫ ه‬,‫ عن هـ‬s.o., s.th. from); to depose (‫ ه‬s.o.),
‫‘ عزوبة‬uzūba) to be single, unmarried release, dismiss, discharge (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫عن مَنصبه‬
‫‘ عزب‬azab pl. ‫‘ عزاب‬uzzāb, ‫ اعزاب‬a‘zāb ‘an manṣibihī of his office) IV ‫اعزل مَنصبه‬
celibate, single, unmarried; bachelor (manṣibahū) to give up one’s position,
resign VII to be or become isolated, cut
‫‘ عزبة‬izba pl. ‫‘ عزب‬izab (eg.) country
off, separated, segregated, detached (‫عن‬
estate, farm; rural settlement
from) VIII to keep away, stand aloof,
‫‘ عزبة‬uzba celibacy; bachelorhood leave, withdraw; to retire, seclude o.s.,
‫‘ عزوبة‬uzūba celibacy; bachelorhood segregate, secede, detach o.s., dissociate
o.s., separate o.s., isolate o.s. (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
‫ اعزب‬a‘zab2 celibate, single, unmarried; from s.o., from s.th.), part (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with
bachelor s.o., with s.th.); to be or get deposed │
‫ مَعزب‬mu‘azzab sheik, emir (Nejd) ‫( اعتزل الخدمَة‬kidmata), ‫‘( اعتزل العمل‬amala)
to retire from service, from work, go into
‫‘ عزر‬azara i (‘azr) to censure, rebuke, reprove, retirement
reprimand (‫ ه‬s.o.); to refuse to have
anything to do with s.o.; -- ‘azara i to ‫‘ عزل‬azl removal, dissociation,
curb, restrain, subdue (‫ ه‬s.o.’s pride, and detachment, setting aside, isolation (also,
the like) II to censure, rebuke, reprove. e.g., in case of contagious disease),
reprimand (‫ ه‬s.o.); to refuse to have cutting-off, segregation, separation;
anything to do with s.o. deposition, discharge, dismissal │ ‫حائط‬
‫( عزل الحرق‬ḥarq) 610 fire wall; ‫غير قابل‬
‫’عزر‬azr censure, blame, rebuke, ‫ للعزل‬irremovable, appointed for life tenure
reproof, reprimand (judge)
‫ تعزير‬ta‘zīr censure, blame, rebuke, ‫‘ عزل‬azal unarmedness,
reproof, reprimand; chastisement, defenselessness
castigation
‫‘ عزل‬uzul unarmed, defenseless
‫ اعتزار‬i‘tizār self-discipline
‫‘ عزلة‬uzla retirement, seclusion, retreat,
‫‘ عزرائيل‬izrā’īl2 Azrael, the angel of death privacy; segregation, reparation,
‫‘ عزف‬azala i (‘af) to play (‫ على‬on a musical detachedness; insulation, insularity,
instrument, ‫ هـ‬tunes); to play (‫ ل‬to or for isolatedness; isolation; solitude │ ‫في عزلة‬
s.o.), make music (‫ ل‬for s.o.); -- i u (‘azf, ‫ عن‬secluded, segregated, cut off, detached,
‫‘ عزوف‬uzūf) to turn away (‫ عن‬from s.th.), separated, insulated, isolated from
become averse (‫ عن‬to s.th.), avoid, shun (
‫‘ عزلة‬izla pl. ‫‘ عزل‬izal subdistrict of a ‫‘ عزوم‬azūm determined, resolved,
nāḥiya (Yemen) resolute
‫‘ عزال‬izāl (eg.) furniture, household ‫‘ عزومَة‬azūma invitation; banquet
effects, movable goods, luggage ‫‘ عزيمة‬azīma determination, firm will,
‫ اعزل‬a‘zal2, f. ‫‘ عزلاء‬azlā’2, pl. ‫‘ عزل‬uzl firm intention; (pl. ‫‘ عزائم‬azā’im2)
unarmed, defenseless │ ‫ السماك العزل‬star α resolution (‫ على‬to do s.th.), decision;
in the constellation Virgo, Spica Virginia incantation; spell
(astron.) ‫‘ عازم‬āzim determined, resolved (‫ على‬to
2
‫ مَعزل‬ma‘zil pl. ‫ مَعازل‬ma‘āzil place of do s.th.)
retirement, house of retreat; seclusion, ‫ مَعتزم‬mu‘tazim determined, resolved (
segregation, isolation; isolation ward (in a ‫ على‬to do s.th.)
hospital) │ ‫ بمعزل عن‬separated, detached,
apart, secluded, segregated, isolated from (‫ عزو‬and ‫‘ عزا )عزي‬azā u (‘azw) and ‫عز‬
‫‘ ى‬azā i (‘azy) to trace (back) (‫ ل‬or ‫الى هـ‬
‫ انعزال‬in‘izāl detachedness, seclusion, s.th. to an origin), ascribe, attribute,
segregation, insularity, insulation; impute, owe (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬A s.th. to s.o., to
isolation s.th.); to charge, incriminate (‫ ل‬or ‫الى هـ‬
‫ انعتزالية‬in‘izālīya isolationism with s.th. s.o. or s.th.), blame (‫ الى هـ‬for
s.th. s.o. or s.th.), lay the blame (‫ الى هـ‬for
‫ اعتزال‬i‘tizāl retirement, seclusion,
s.th. on s.o., on s.th.); -- ‫‘ عزي‬aziya a (‫عزاء‬
retreat, privacy │ ‫ اعتزال الخدمَة‬i‘tizāl al-
‘azā’) and ‫‘ عزا‬azā u (‫‘ عزاء‬aza’) to take
kidma retirement from service
patience, console o.s. II to persuade (‫ ه‬s.o.)
O ‫‘ عازل‬āzil insulator (el.) to bear with equanimity (‫ في‬or ‫ عن‬s.th., the
O ‫‘ عازلة‬āzila pl. -āt, ‘awāzil2 insulator, death of s.o. or the loss of s.th.), comfort,
nonconductor (el.) console (‫ عن ه‬s.o. over), 611 give comfort,
express one’s sympathy, offer one’s
‫ مَعزول‬ma‘zūl far, distant, remote (‫عن‬ condolences (‫ ه‬to s.o.) V to take patience;
from); isolated, insulated to console o.s. (‫ عن‬for) VII to console o.s.
‫ مَنعزل‬mun‘azil isolated, single, solitary, (‫ ب‬with), find solace (‫ ب‬in) VIII to trace
sporadic (back) one’s descent (‫ الى‬to)
‫ المعتزلة‬al-mu‘tazila name of a ‫‘ عزو‬azw tracing back, ascription,
theological school which introduced attribution; imputation, accusation
speculative dogmatism into Islam ‫‘ عزوة‬izwa: ‫ حسن العزوة‬ḥasan al-‘i. of
‫ مَعتزل‬mu‘tazal pl. -āt (place of) good ancestry, of good stock
solitude, (place of) retirement ‫‘ عزاء‬azā’ composure, equanimity;
‫‘ عزم‬azama i (‘azm, ‫‘ عزيمة‬azīma) to decide, comfort, consolation, solace; ceremony of
resolve (‫ على‬on s.th.); to make up one’s mourning
mind, determine, be determined, be ‫ تعزية‬ta‘ziya pl. ‫ تعاز‬ta‘āzin consolation,
resolved (‫ على‬to do s.th.), be bent (‫ على‬on solace, comfort; condolence │ ‫ رفع تعزيته‬to
s.th.); to adjure (‫ على‬s.o.); to invite (‫ ه‬s.o. express one’s sympathy, offer one’s
‫ ان‬or ‫ على‬to or to do s.th.) II to enchant, condolences; ‫( قدم التعازي‬qaddama) do.
spellbind (‫ على‬s.o., s.th., by magic rites)
VIII to decide, resolve (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬on s.th.), ‫ مَعز‬mu‘azzin comforter, consoler,
make up one’s mind, determine, be condoler
determined, be resolved (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬to do ‫‘ عس‬assa u (‘ass) to make the rounds by night,
s.th.), be bent (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬on s.th.) patrol by night
‫‘ عزم‬azm determination, firm will, firm ‫ عسعس‬patrol (as a body of men)
intention, decision, resolution; energy
‫‘ عسس‬asas guard │ ‫العسة المصونة‬
‫‘ عزمَة‬azma decision, resolution; strict (maṣūna) (formerly:) the bodyguard of the
order (‫ ب‬to do s.th.) Bey of Tunisia
‫‘ عسيب‬asīb tail bone (of the horse); (pl. ‫عسب‬ ‫ مَتعسر‬muta‘assir hard, difficult, trying,
‘usub) a palm branch stripped of its leaves distressing, adverse
‫ يعسوب‬ya‘sūb pl. ‫ يعاسيب‬ya‘āsīb2 male ‫‘ عسعس‬as‘asa to darken, grow dark
bee, drone; notable, chief, leader ‫‘ عسف‬asafa i (‘asf) to act recklessly or
‫‘ عوسج‬ausaj boxthorn (Lycium europaeum thoughtlessly (‫ في‬in s.th.), do (‫ في‬s.th.)
rashly; to treat unjustly, oppress, tyrannize
L. and Lycium arabicum Schwf.; bot.)
(‫ ه‬s.o.) II to overburden, 612 overtask,
‫‘ عسجد‬asjad gold overtax (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II; V to do (‫ هـ‬s.th.) at
‫‘ عسجدي‬asjadī golden random, haphazardly, dispose arbitrarily (
‫ في‬of); to deviate, stray (‫ عن‬from) VIII to
‫ مَعسجد‬mu‘asjad gilded do (‫ هـ‬s.th.) at random, haphazardly; to
‫‘ عسر‬asura u (‘usr, ‘usur) and ‘asira a (‘asar) deviate, stray (‫ عن‬from); to go astray; to
to be difficult, hard, trying, adverse (‫على‬ force, compel, coerce (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to)
for s.o.); -- ‘asara i u (‘asr) to press, urge ‫‘ عسف‬asūf injustice, oppression,
(‫ على ه‬s.o. to); to force, compel, coerce ( tyranny
‫ على ه‬s.o. to) II to make difficult or hard (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to act hostilely (‫ على‬toward s.o.); to ‫‘ عسوف‬asūf oppressor, despot, tyrant
oppress, distress (‫ على‬s.o.), bear down ‫‘ عساف‬assāf oppressor, despot, tyrant
hard (‫ على‬on s.o.) III to treat (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ تعسف‬ta‘assuf arbitrariness; an arbitrary,
roughly or harshly IV to be in distress, be
liberal, inaccurate manner of using the
in a fix, in a predicament; to become
language; aberration; deviation
impoverished, be reduced to poverty, be
up against it, be in financial straits, live in ‫ تعسفي‬ta‘assufī arbitrary; despotic,
straitened circumstances V to be difficult, tyrannical
hard, trying, adverse (‫ على‬for s.o.) VI = V; ‫ اعتساف‬i‘tisāf straying, aberration,
X = V; to find (‫ هـ‬s.th.) difficult, hard, deviation; coercion, compulsion, force
trying, or adverse
‫‘ عسقلن‬asqalān2 Ashkelon (seaport in SW
‫‘ عسر‬usr difficulty, trying or distressful Palestine)
situation, predicament, plight, fix, pinch,
press, straits, straightened circumstances, ‫‘ عسكر‬askar pl. ‫‘ عساكر‬asākir2 army, host,
distress, poverty, destitution troops │ ‫( عساكر ضابطية‬ḍābiṭīya)
constabulary, police troops
‫‘ عسر‬asir hard, difficult; trying,
distressing, adverse ‫‘ عسكري‬askarī military, army- (in
compounds); pl. ‫ العسكريون‬the military; --
‫‘ عسر‬usra = ‫‘ عسر‬usr pl. ‫‘ عساكر‬asākir2) soldier; private (mil.);
‫‘ عسير‬asīr difficult, hard, harsh, rough; policeman; pl. enlisted men, ranks
Asir (mountainous district in SW Arabia, ‫‘ عسكرية‬askarīya military service;
between Hejaz and Yemen) militarism; soldiership, soldiery,
‫ اعسر‬a‘sar2 left-handed; harder, more soldierliness
difficult ‫ مَعسكر‬mu‘askar pl. -āt military
‫ مَعسرة‬ma‘sara = ‫‘ عسر‬usr encampment, army camp; camp │ ‫مَعسكر‬
‫ الَعتقال‬concentration camp
‫ اعسار‬i‘sār poverty; financial straits,
insolvency ‫ عسل‬II to prepare or mix with honey (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to sweeten, make sweet or pleasant (‫هـ‬
‫ تعسر‬ta‘assur difficulty
s.th.)
‫ مَعسور‬ma‘sūr (living) in straitened
‫‘ عسل‬asal pl. ‫ اعسال‬a‘sāl, ‫‘ عسول‬usūl
circumstances
honey │ ‫‘ عسل سكر‬a. sukkar molasses,
‫ مَعسر‬mu‘sir (living) in straitened treacle; ‫ عسل اسود‬do.; ‫ شهر العسل‬šahr al-‘a.
circumstances; poor, impoverished honeymoon
‫‘ عسلي‬asalī honey-colored, amber, ‫‘ عشبة‬ušba plant, herb
brownish ‫‘ عشبي‬ušbī herbaceous, herbal,
‫‘ عسال‬assāl gatherer of honey; vegetable, vegetal, plant- (in compounds)
beekeeper, apiculturist │ ‫ مَجموعة عشبية‬herbarium
‫‘ عسالة‬asāla beehive ‫‘ عشب‬ašib grassy, abundant in grass
‫‘ عيسلان‬aisalān hyacinth (bot.) ‫‘ عشابة‬ašāba luxuriant vegetation
‫ مَعسلة‬ma‘sala beehive ‫ مَعشب‬mu‘šib grassy, abundant in grass
‫ تعسيلة‬ta‘sīla (eg.) nap, doze ‫‘ عشتروت‬aštarūt2 Astarte
‫ مَعسول‬ma‘sūl: prepared with honey; ‫‘ عشر‬ašara u to collect the tithe (‫ ه‬from
honeyed, honeysweet s.o., ‫ هـ‬of s.th.) II = I; to divide into tenths
III to be on intimate terms, associate
‫ مَعسل‬mu‘assal: ‫( دخان مَعسل‬dukān) a
(closely) (‫ه‬with s.o.) VI to be on intimate
mild-tasting tobacco, due to its
terms, associate with one another, live
preparation with molasses, glycerine,
together
fragrant oils or essences
‫‘ عشر‬ušr pl. ‫ اعشار‬a‘šār, ‫‘ عشور‬ušūr one
‫‘ عسلج‬usluj pl. ‫‘ عسالج‬asālij2 tender sprig, small
tenth, tenth part; tithe │ ‫‘ عشر مَعشار‬u.
twig, shoot
mi‘sār one hundredth
‫‘ عسلوج‬uslūj pl. ‫‘ عساليج‬asālīj2 tender
‫‘ عشري‬arī decimal (adj.)
sprig, small twig, shoot
1 ‫ اعشاري‬a‘šārī decimal (adj.)
‫‘ عسى‬asā with foll. ‫ ان‬an and
subjunctive: it might be, it could be ‫‘ عشرة‬išra (intimate) association,
that ..., possibly ..., maybe ..., perhaps ... │ intimacy, companionship, relations,
‫ مَا عسى ان يكون‬what might be ...?! ‫مَاذا عسى‬ (social) intercourse, company; conjugal
‫ ان يكون‬what should I do! ‫مَا عسى ينفع هذا‬ community, community of husband and
(yanfa‘u) of what use could this possibly wife
be! ‫ مَاذا عساه يقول‬what could he possibly ‫‘ عشرة‬ašara (f. ‫‘ عشر‬ašar) ten: ‫ العشر‬the
say? first ten days of Muharram
‫‘ عسي‬asīy appropriate, proper, fitting ‫ ثلثة عشر‬talātata ‘ašara (f. ‫ثلث عشرة‬
(with personal construction) │ ,‫هو عسى ب‬ talāta ‘ašrata) thirteen
(‫ هم عسيون ب )ان‬it befits him (them) to ... or
that he (they) it is proper for him (for ‫‘ عشرات‬ašarāt some tens, tens (of);
them) to or that he (they) … decades; (with foll. genit.) dozens of ...,
2 scores of ...
‫‘ عاس‬āsin dry, withered, wilted
‫‘ عشار‬išār (eg.) with young, pregnant
‫ عش‬II to build a nest, to nest; to take root, (animal)
become established, settle in VIII to build
a nest, to nest ‫‘ عشار‬aššār collector of the tithe
‫‘ عش‬ušš pl. ‫‘ عشاش‬išāš, ‫ اعشاش‬a‘šāš, ‫عش‬ ‫‘ عشير‬ašīr pl. ‫‘ عشراء‬ušarā’ companion,
‫‘ شة‬išaša nest fellow, associate, friend, comrade
‫‘ عش‬ušša, ‘išša pl. ‫‘ عشش‬ušaš, ‘išaš ‫‘ عشيرة‬ašīra pl. ‫‘ عشائر‬ašā’ir2 clan,
hut, shanty, shack, hovel; arbor, bower kinsfolk, closest relatives; tribe; pl. ‫العشائر‬
613 (syr.) the Bedouins │ ‫ حرس العشائر‬ḥaras
al-‘a. Bedouin police (responsible for
‫‘ عشب‬ašiba a, ‘ašuba u to be grassy, grass- surveillance of the nomads)
covered (ground) II do.
‫‘ عشائري‬ašā’irī (syr.) Bedouin (adj.) │
‫‘ عشب‬ušb (coll.: n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫اعشاب‬ ‫‘( العرف العشائري‬urf) the customary law of
a‘šāb (green) grass, herbage, plants; the Bedouins
pasture
‫‘ عاشوراء‬āšūrā’2, ‫‘ عشوراء‬ašārā’2, ‫يوم‬ ‫‘ عشا‬ašan dim-sightedness;
‫ عاشوراء‬yaum ‘ā., ‫ ليلة عاشوراء‬lailat ‘ā. nightblindness, nyctalopia
Ashura, name of a voluntary fast day on ‫‘ عشى‬ašīy evening
the tenth day of Moharram; day of
mourning sacred to the Shiites, the ‫‘ عشاء‬asa’ pl. ‫ اعشية‬a‘šiya dinner,
anniversary of Husain’s martyrdom at supper │ ‫( اعشاء السري‬sirrī) the Lord’s
Kerbela (10th of Muharram A. H. 60) supper, the Eucharist (Chr.)
‫‘ عشرون‬išrūn twenty ‫‘ عشاء‬išā’ evening; (f.) evening prayer
(Isl. Law)
‫ مَعشر‬ma‘šar pl. ‫ مَعاشر‬ma‘āšir2
assemblage, community, company, ‫‘ عشوة‬ašwa darkness, dark, gloom;
society, group, troop; kinsfolk │ ‫يا مَعشر‬ dinner, supper
‫ الشباب‬yā ma‘šara š-šabāb oh ye young ‫‘ عشاوة‬ašāwa dim-sightedness; night-
men! blindness, nyctalopia
‫ مَعشار‬mi‘šāar one tenth, tenth part ‫‘ عشية‬ašīya pl. -āt, ‫‘ عشايا‬ašāyā (late)
‫ مَعاشرة‬mu‘āšara (intimate) association, evening │ ‫‘ عشية امَس‬ašīyata amsi last
intimacy, social relations, social night, yesterday in the evening; ‫بين عشية‬
intercourse; company, society, ‫( وضحاها‬ḍuḥāhā) from one day to the
companionship; community, jointness other, overnight, all of a sudden
‫ مَعاشر‬mu‘āšir companion, fellow, ‫‘ عشواء‬ašwā’2 darkness, dark, gloom;
associate, friend, comrade also see ‫ اعشى‬a‘šā
‫‘ عشق‬ašiqa a (‘išq) to love passionately (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ ‫ اعشى‬a‘šā, f. ‫‘ عشواء‬ašwā’ dim-sighted;
s.o., s.th.), be passionately in love (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ night-blind, nyctalopic; blind, aimless,
with s.o., with s.th.) II to fit tightly haphazard, desultory, senseless │ ‫يخبط خبط‬
together, interjoin closely, dovetail (‫هـ‬ ‫ عشواء‬yakbiṭu kabṭa ‘ašwā’ he acts blindly,
s.th.); to couple, connect (‫ هـ‬s.th.: techn.) thoughtlessly, at random, haphazardly
V to court, woo (‫ ها‬a woman), make love ( ‫ عص‬aṣṣa a (‘aṣṣ, ‫‘ عصص‬aṣaṣ) to be or
‫ ها‬to a woman) become hard, harden
‫ عشق‬išq love, ardor of love, passion ‫‘ عصص‬uṣaṣ, ‘uṣuṣ coccyx
‫‘ عشيق‬ašīq lover, sweetheart (m.) ‫‘ عصب‬aṣaba i (‘aṣb) to wind, fold, tie, bind,
‫‘ عشيقة‬ašīqa beloved, sweetheart (f.) wrap (‫ هـ على‬s.th. around or about s.th.); to
bind up, bandage (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fold (‫هـ‬
‫‘ عشيق‬iššīq lover 614 s.th.); to wrap (‫ هـ‬the head) with a brow
‫ تعشيق‬ta‘šīq tight interjunction, band, sash, or turban │ ‫( عصب الريق فاه‬rīqu
dovetailing; coupling (techn.) fāhu) the saliva dried in hill mouth,
clogged his mouth II to wind around, fold
‫‘ عاشق‬āšiq pl. ‫‘ عشاق‬uššāq lover;
around, tie around, wrap around (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
fancier, fan, -phile (in compounds); -- (pl.
to bind up, bandage (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to wrap (‫هـ‬
‫‘ عواشق‬awāšiq2) knucklebone; (game of)
the head) with a brow band, sash, or
knucklebones
turban V to wind the turban round one’s
‫ مَعشوق‬ma‘šūq lover, sweetheart (m.) head, put on the turban; to apply a
‫ مَعشوقة‬ma‘šūqa beloved, sweetheart (f.) bandage, bandage o.s.; to take sides, to
side (‫ ل‬,‫ مَع‬with; ‫ على‬against); to cling
(‫ عشو‬and ‫‘ عشا )عشى‬ašā u (‘ašw), and ‫عشو‬ obdurately or fanatically (‫ ل‬to); to be
‘ašiya a (‫‘ عشا‬ašan) to be dim-sighted; to fanatic, bigoted, be a fanatic, a zealot; to
be night-blind II to make dim-sighted, form a league, clique, group, team, gang,
make night-blind (‫ ه‬s.o.); to give a dinner ( or coalition, gang up, team up; to plot,
‫ ه‬for s.o.) IV to make dim-sighted (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ه‬ conspire, collude, connive (‫ على‬against)
the eyes) V to have dinner (or supper), to VIII to form a league, clique, group, team,
dine, to sup gang, or coalition, gang up, team up; to go
on strike, to strike
‫‘ عصب‬aṣab pl. ‫ اعصاب‬a‘ṣāb nerve; to be contemporaneous, coeval, or
sinew concomitant (‫ هـ‬with) V to be pressed
(out), be squeezed (out) VII = V VIII to
‫‘ عصبي‬aṣabī sinewy, nerved, nervy;
press (out), squeeze (out) (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g.,
nervous, neural, nerve-, neuro-, neur- (in
grapes, olives, etc.) │ ‫اعتصر جبينه‬
compounds); nervous, high-strung │ ‫عصب‬
(jabīnahū) to knit one’s brows (pensively)
‫ ي المزاج‬nervous, high-strung; ‫الجهاز العصبي‬
(jahāz) the nervous system; ‫حالة عصبية‬ ‫‘ عصر‬aṣr (act of) pressing (out),
nervousness, nervosity; ~I ‫الضعف العصبي‬ squeezing (out); (act of) wringing (out);
(ḍu‘f) neurasthenia (pl. ‫ اعصر‬a‘ṣur, ‫‘ عصور‬uṣūr, ‫ اعصار‬a‘ṣār)
age, era, time; period; epoch; afternoon;
‫‘ عصبية‬aṣabīya nervousness, nervosity;
(f.) afternoon prayer (Isl. Law) │ ‫العصر‬
-- (pl. -āt) zealous partisanship, bigotry,
‫( الحجري‬ḥajarī) the Stone Age; ‫العصر‬
fanaticism; party spirit, team spirit, esprit
‫ الحاضر‬the present (time), our time; ‫في كل‬
de corps; tribal solidarity, racialism,
‫( عصر ومَصر‬wa-maṣrin) always and
clannishness, tribalism, national
everywhere, at any time and any place
consciousness, nationalism
‫‘ عصرى‬aṣrī modern, recent, present,
‫‘ عصبة‬aṣba pl. ‫‘ عصب‬uṣab (eg.) a black
actual, contemporary; (pl. -ūn) a
headcloth with red or yellow border 615
contemporary
‫ عصبة‬pl. -āt and ‘uṣba pl. ‫‘ عصب‬uṣab
‫‘ عصرية‬aṣrīya modernism
union, league, federation, association;
group, troop, band, gang, clique; ‘aṣaba ‫‘ عصير‬asīr that which is pressed or
paternal relations, relationship, agnates │ squeezed out, (squeezed-out) juice, extract
‫‘ عصبة المَم‬uṣbat al-umam the League of (also fig.); the best, the pick, the prime of
Nations s.th.
‫‘ عصيب‬aṣib hot, crucial, critical (time, ‫‘ عصيرة‬aṣīra (squeezed-out) juice
stage) ‫‘ عصار‬uṣār juice, sap
‫ عصاب‬iṣāb band, ligature, dressing, ‫‘ عصارة‬uṣāra pl. -āt juice, sap (also
bandage physiol.)
‫‘ عصابة‬iṣāba pl. ‫‘ عصائب‬aṣā’ib2 band, ‫‘ عصارة‬aṣṣāra pl. -āt press, squeezer;
ligature, dressing, bondage; headcloth, oil press; cane press (also ‫‘ عصارة القصب‬a.
headband, fillet; brow band, frontlet; -- al-qaṣab); wringer
(pl. -āt) union, league, federation,
association; group, troop, band, gang │ ‫‘ عصاري يوم‬aṣāriya yaumin one
‫‘ عصابات الخطف‬i. al-kaṭf bands of robbers; afternoon
‫ حرب العصابات‬ḥarb al-‘i. guerilla war(fare) ‫ اعصار‬i‘ṣār pl. ‫ اعاصير‬a‘āṣīr2
‫ تعصب‬ta‘aṣṣub fanaticism, ardent zeal, whirlwind, tornado, cyclone, hurricane │
bigotry, fanatical enthusiasm; party spirit, O ‫ ضد العصار‬ḍidd al-i. anticyclone
partisanship; clannishness, racialism, race ‫ مَعصرة‬mi‘ṣara pl. ‫ مَعاصر‬ma‘āṣir2 press,
consciousness, tribalism squeezer; oil press; cane press
‫ اعتصاب‬i‘tiṣāb pl. -āt strike ‫ مَعصري‬ma‘ṣarī (tun.) a brand of lamp
‫ مَعصب‬muta‘aṣṣib fanatically oil
enthusiastic (‫ ل‬for); enthusiast, fanatic, ‫ مَعاصر‬mu‘āṣir contemporary,
bigot, zealot contemporaneous; a contemporary
‫‘ عصيدة‬aṣīda a thick paste made of flour and ‫‘ عصعص‬uṣ‘uṣ, ‘aṣ‘aṣ pl. ‫‘ عصاعص‬aṣā‘iṣ
clarified butter coccyx
‫‘ عصر‬ṣara i (‘aṣr) to press (out), squeeze (out) ‫‘ عصف‬aṣafa i (‘aṣf, ‫‘ عصوف‬uṣūf) to storm,
(‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., grapes, olives, etc.); to wring rage, blow violently (wind); ‫ عصف به‬to
(‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. wet clothes); to compress (‫هـ‬ blow s.th. away, carry s.th. away (wind);
s.th.) III to be a contemporary (‫ ه‬of s.o.);
to shake s.o. thoroughly, through and infallibility │ ‫ صاحبة العصمة‬title of ladies
through of high social standing; ‫ عصمة النكاح‬the
bond of marriage; ‫ في عصمة فلن‬under
‫‘ عصف‬aṣf storming, blowing; stalk and
s.o.’s custody, protection, or power;
leaves of grain 616
married to s.o.; ‫ جعلت عصمتها في يدها‬ja‘alat
‫‘ عصف‬aṣfa (n. vic.) gust of wind, blast ‘iṣmatahā fī yadihā she made herself
‫‘ عصافة‬uṣafa chaff; straw independent; she became or remained
independent; ‫ فك عصمتها مَن زوجها‬fakka
‫‘ عاصف‬āṣif blowing violently │ ‫ريح‬ ‘iṣmatahā min zaujihā to revoke the
‫( عاصف‬rīḥ) or ‫ ريح عاصفة‬violent wind, gale husband’s matrimonial authority over his
‫‘ عصف‬āṣifa pl. ‫‘ عواصف‬awāṣif violent wife (jur.)
wind, gale, tempest, storm, hurricane ‫‘ عصام‬iṣām pl. ‫ اعصمة‬a‘ṣima, ‫عصم‬
1
‫‘ عصفر‬uṣfur safflower (Carthamus tinctorius; ‘uṣum, ‫‘ عصام‬iṣām strap, thong
bot.); the red dyestuff prepared from its ‫‘ عصامَي‬iṣāmī noble, eminent,
flower heads distinguished (due to one’s own merits, as
‫ مَعصفر‬mu‘aṣfar dyed with ‘uṣfur opposed to ‫‘ عظامَي‬iẓāmī); self-made; (pl.
2
-ūn) self-made man
‫‘ عصفور‬ufūr pl. ‫‘ عصافير‬aṣāfīr2
sparrow; any small bird │ ‫‘ عصفور الجنة‬u. ‫‘ عصامَية‬iṣāmīya self-made success
al-janna swallow; ‫( عصفور دوري‬dūrī) ‫ اعصم‬a‘ṣam2, f. ‫‘ عصماء‬aṣmā’2, pl. ‫عصم‬
house sparrow; ‫( عصفور مَغن‬mugannin) ‘uṣm having a white foot (animal);
warbler; ‫( عصفور كناري‬kanārī) canary; excellent, valuable, precious │ ‫اندر مَن‬
(‫( ضرب )اصاب( عصفورين بحجر )واحد‬aṣāba, ‫( الغراب العصم‬gurāb) rarer than a white-
‘uṣfūrraini bi-ḥajarin) to kill two birds footed crow (proverbially of s.th. rare)
with one stone; ‫عصفور في اليد خير مَن الف على‬
‫( الشجرة‬kairun min alfin, šajara) a bird in ‫ مَعصم‬mi‘ṣam pl. ‫ مَعاصم‬ma‘āṣim2 wrist
the hand is worth two in the bush O ‫ مَعصم‬ma‘ṣam pl. ‫ مَعاصم‬ma‘āṣim2
(proverb) traffic island, safety isle
‫‘ عصفورة‬uṣfūra female sparrow; dowel, ‫ اعتصام‬i‘tiṣām clinging, adherence (‫ب‬
pin, peg to), maintenance, preservation, guarding,
‫‘ عصفورية‬uṣfūrīya (syr.) insane asylum, safeguarding
madhouse ‫‘ عاصم‬āṣim protector, guardian
‫‘ عصل‬aṣala u (‘aṣl) to bend, twist, ‫‘ عاصمة‬āṣima pl. ‫‘ عواصم‬awāṣim2
warp (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- ‘aṣila a (‘aṣl) to be capital city, metropolis
twisted; to warp (wood)
‫ مَعصوم‬ma‘ṣūm inviolable, sacrosanct,
‫‘ عصم‬aṣama i (‘aṣam) to hold back, protected by the laws of vendetta (Isl.
restrain, curb, check, prevent, hinder (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ Law); infallible, sinless, impeccant,
s.o., s.th.); to preserve, guard, safeguard, impeccable │ ‫( مَعصوم مَن الزلل‬zalal)
protect, defend (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to infallible
immunize, render immune (‫ ه‬s.o., med.)
(‫‘ عصا )عصو‬aṣan (f.) pl. ‫‘ عصى‬uṣīy,
VIII to cling, keep, adhere (‫ ب‬to); to seek
‘iṣīy, ‫ اعص‬a‘ṣin staff, rod; wand; stick;
shelter or refuge (‫ ب‬with, in), take refuge,
617 walking stick, cane; scepter, mace;
resort (‫ ب‬to) ; to keep up, maintain, guard,
(field marshal’s) baton │ ‫‘ عصا المارشالية‬a.
preserve (‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., ‫ بالصمت‬bi-ṣ-ṣamt
l-māršālīya field marshal’s baton; ‫لعب‬
silence, ‫ برباط الجأش‬bi-r. il-ja’š equanimity)
‫ العصا‬la‘b al-‘a. (eg. = ‫ )تخطيب‬singlestick
X = VIII; to resist (a temptation)
fencing (a popular game, esp. in rural
‫‘ عصمة‬iṣma hindering, hindrance, areas); ‫( شق العصا‬šaqqa) to dissent, secede
prevention, obviation; preservation, from the community; ‫ شق عصا الطاعة‬to
guarding, safeguarding; defense; rebel, revolt, renounce allegiance; ‫شق عصا‬
protection; chastity, purity, modesty, ‫‘( القوم‬aṣā l-qaum) to sow dissension
virtuousness; impeccance, sinlessness, among the people; ‫( انشقت عصاهم‬inšaqqat)
they fell out (with one another), broke ‫ مَتعص‬muta‘āṣṣin difficult, intricate,
with one another implicated, involved, delicate; incurable,
irremediable
‫‘ عصاة‬aṣāh staff, rod; wand; stick
‫ مَستعص‬musta‘ṣin difficult, intricate,
□ ‫‘ عصاية‬aṣāya staff, rod; wand; stick;
implicated, involved, delicate; incurable,
walking stick, cane
irremediable
‫‘ عصية‬uṣayya little stick, little rod; O
‫‘ عض‬aḍḍa (1st pers. perf. ‘aḍiḍtu) a (‘aḍḍ, ‫عضي‬
bacillus
‫‘ ض‬aḍīḍ) to grab with the teeth, bite (‫ ب‬or
‫‘ عصى‬aṣā i (‘aṣīy, ‫ مَعصية‬ma‘ṣiya, ‫عصيان‬ ‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to bite into s.th. (‫;)هـ‬
‘iṣyān) to disobey, resist, oppose, defy (‫هـ ه‬ to hold on, cling, cleave (‫ ب‬to); to torment
s.o. in s.th.), refuse, or renounce, one’s (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., hunger) │ ‫( عضه الزمَان‬zamānu)
obedience (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o. in s.th.), rebel, or ‫‘ عضه الدهر بنابه‬aḍḍahū d-dahru bi-
revolt (‫ ه‬against s.o.) III = I; V to be or nābihī time, or fate, gave him a raw deal,
become difficult, intricate, or involved heaped trials and tribulations upon him, he
(affair) VI to be difficult, hard, suffered reverses II to bite fiercely or
inaccessible, or impossible (‫ على‬for s.o.); frequently (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.)
to refuse (‫ عن‬to do s.th.) VIII = V X to
‫‘ عض‬iḍḍ small prickly shrubs,
resist, oppose, withstand, defy (‫ على‬s.o.,
brambles
s.th.), revolt, rebel (‫ على‬against s.o.); to be
recalcitrant, insubordinate, rebellious; to ‫‘ عضة‬aḍḍa a bite
be difficult, hard (‫ على‬for s.o.); to be ‫‘ عضاض‬aḍāḍ (given to) biting,
malignant, insidious, incurable (disease); snappish, mordacious
to elude, escape, defy (‫ عن‬s.th.), be
beyond s.th. (‫( ;)عن‬of an instrument, ‫‘ عضوض‬aḍūḍ (given to) biting,
machine, etc.) to fail, break down (‫ على‬on snappish, mordacious
s.o.), refuse to work (‫ على‬for s.o.), fail to ‫‘ عضب‬aḍb sharp, caustic, acid (tongue)
operate
‫‘ عضد‬aḍada u (‘aḍd) to help, aid, assist,
‫‘ عصى‬aṣīy pl. -ūn, ‫ اعصياء‬a‘ṣiyā’2 rebel; support, back (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), stand up (‫ه‬
intractable, refractory, recalcitrant │ ‫عصي‬ for s.o.), advocate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II and 618 III =
‫‘ النطق‬aṣīy an-nuṭq unable to speak, I; VI to help, assist, or support one
incapable of speech another, give mutual help, assistance, or
‫‘ عصيان‬iṣyān disobedience, support; to work hand in hand, cooperate
insubordination, refractoriness; ‫‘ عضد‬aḍud help, aid, assistance,
insurrection, revolt, rebellion, sedition support, backing; helper, aide, assistant,
‫ مَعصية‬ma‘ṣiya disobedience, supporter, backer
insubordination, refractoriness; ‫‘ عضد‬aḍud (m. and f.) pl. ‫ اعضاد‬a‘ḍād
insurrection, sedition, revolt, rebellion; upper arm; strength, power, vigor, force │
(pl. ‫ مَعاص‬ma‘āṣin) sin ‫‘( شد عضده‬aḍudahū) to aid, assist s.o.,
‫ استعصاء‬isti‘ṣā’ refractoriness, stand by s.o.; ‫ هو عضده المتين‬he is an
recalcitrance, obstinacy; impenetrability, indispensable aid to him
unfathomableness; difficulty; malignancy, ‫ تعضيد‬ta‘ḍīd help, aid, assistance,
virulence, insidiousness; mechanical support, backing
failure, breakdown, malfunction; jam,
misfire (of a firearm) ‫ مَعاضدة‬mu‘āḍada help, aid, assistance,
support, backing
‫‘ عاص‬āṣin pl. ‫‘ عصاة‬uṣāh disobedient,
insubordinate, rebellious, mutinous, ‫ تعاضد‬ta‘āḍud mutual aid, mutual
riotous, seditious, subversive; rebel, assistance, cooperation
insurgent; sinning, sinful ‫ تعاضدي‬ta‘āḍudī cooperative (adj.)
‫ مَعضد‬mu‘aḍḍid helper, aide, assistant,
supporter, backer
‫‘ عضل‬aḍila a (‘aḍal) to be or become ‫‘ عطب‬aṭab perdition; wreck (e.g., of
muscular; -- ‘aḍala IV (‘aḍl) to prevent (‫ها‬ ships); destruction, ruin; damage, injury
a woman) from marrying IV to be or ‫ تعطيب‬ta‘ṭīb damaging, ruin(ing),
become difficult, problematic, puzzling, wreck, destruction
enigmatic, or mysterious (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬for s.o.)
│ ‫( اعضل الداء الطباء‬aṭibbā’) the disease ‫ تعطب‬ta‘attub a suffering of damage,
defied all medical skill, gave the impairment, ruin
physicians a headache, posed a puzzling ‫ عطر‬II to perfume, scent (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) V to
problem for the doctors V ‫تعضل الداء الطباء‬ perfume o.s.
‫= اعضل الداء الطباء‬
‫‘ عطر‬iṭr pl. ‫‘ عطور‬uṭūr, ‫‘ عطورات‬uṭūrāt
‫‘ عضل‬aḍil muscular, brawny perfume, scent; essence │ ‫‘ عطر الورد‬i. al-
‫‘ عضلة‬aḍala pl. -āt, ‫‘ عضل‬aḍal muscle ward attar of roses, rose oil 619
│ ‫ عضلة باسطة‬extensor; ‫ عضلة قابضة‬flexor ‫‘ عطر‬aṭir sweet-smelling, fragrant,
‫‘ عضلي‬aḍalī muscle-, musculo-, aromatic │ ‫( سمعة عطرة‬sum‘a) brilliant or
muscul- (in compounds), muscular excellent reputation
‫‘ عضال‬uḍāl inveterate, chronic, ‫‘ عطري‬iṭrī sweet-smelling, fragrant,
incurable (disease) aromatic
‫ مَعضل‬mu‘ḍil difficult, problematic, ‫‘ عطرية‬iṭrīya pl. -āt aromatic, perfume,
puzzling, enigmatic, mysterious scent
‫ مَعضلة‬mu‘ḍila pl. -āt, ‫ مَعاضل‬ma‘āḍil2 ‫‘ عطار‬aṭṭār perfumer, perfume vendor;
difficulty, problem, dilemma, puzzle, druggist
enigma ‫‘ عطارة‬iṭāra drug business; perfumeries;
‫‘ عضاه‬iḍāh fair-sized thorny shrubs drugs
‫‘ عضو‬uḍw pl. ‫ اعضاء‬a‘ḍā’ member, limb, organ ‫‘ عطار‬aṭṭār sweet-smelling, fragrant,
(of the body); member (of an aromatic │ ‫ اثنى عليه عاطر الثناء‬atnā ‘alaihi
organization) │ ‫( عضو اصلي‬aṣlī) regular ‘āṭira t-tanā’ to extol s.o. to the skies
member; ‫ عضو التأنيث‬pistil (bot.); ‫عضو‬ ‫ مَعطر‬mu‘aṭṭar perfumed, scented
‫( احتياطي‬iḥtiyāṭī) substitute member,
alternate member; ‫ عضو التذكير‬stamen ‫‘ عطارد‬uṭārid2 (the planet) Mercury
(bot.); ‫عضو فخري‬ ‫‘ عطس‬aṭasa i u (‘aṭs, ‫‘ عطاس‬uṭās) to sneeze II
(fakrī) honorary member; ‫اعضاء التناسل‬ to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to sneeze
a. at-tanāsul and ‫ العضاء الدقيقة‬the sexual ‫‘ عطسة‬aṭsa (n. vic.) a sneeze
organs, the genitals; ‫( الدوا العضاء‬duwal)
the member states; ‫‘ علم وظائف العضاء‬ilm ‫‘ عطس‬uṭṭāš sneezing, sneezes
w. al-a. physiology ‫‘ عاطوس‬āṭūs snuff (tobacco)
‫‘ عضوات‬aḍawāt female members ‫ مَعطس‬ma‘ṭiš pl. ‫ مَعاطس‬ma‘āṭis2 nose
‫‘ عضوي‬uḍwī organic; ‫ لَعضوي‬or ‫غير‬ ‫‘ عطش‬aṭiša a (‘atāš) to be thirsty, to thirst; to
‫ عضوي‬inorganic │ ‫( كتلة عضوية‬kutla) long, languish, thirst (‫ الى‬for) II to make
organism thirsty, cause to thirst (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) IV =
‫‘ عضوية‬uḍwīya pl. -āt membership; II; V to thirst, languish, long, yearn (‫الى‬
organism for)

‫‘ عطب‬aṭiba a (‘aṭab) to perish, be ‫‘ عطش‬aṭaš thirst


destroyed, be ruined II to ruin, destroy, ‫‘ عاطش‬āṭiš thirsty; dry, parched (soil)
wreck, damage, injure, impair, mar, spoil (
‫‘ عطشان‬aṭšān2, f. ‫‘ عطشى‬aṭšā pl. ‫عطاش‬
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to spice, mull (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to brew,
‘iṭāš thirsty; covetous, desirous (‫ الى‬of),
mix (‫ هـ‬a drink) IV to ruin, destroy, wreck,
languishing, yearning, craving (‫ الى‬for)
damage, injure, impair, mar, spoil (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
s.o., s.th.) V to be damaged VIII = I
‫‘ عاطش‬āṭiš thirsty; covetous, desirous ( ‫‘ عطف‬aṭf bond(ing), inclination,
‫ الى‬of), languishing, yearning, craving (‫الى‬ curving, curvature; corner; sympathy (‫على‬
for) with), affection, attachment, liking (‫على‬
for) │ ‫ اداة )حرف( العطف‬adāt (ḥarf) al-‘a.
‫ مَتعطش‬muta‘aṭṭiš thirsty; covetous,
conjunction (gram.); ‫‘ عطف البيان‬a. al-
desirous (‫ الى‬of), languishing, yearning,
bayān explicative apposition (gram.)
craving (‫ الى‬for)
‫‘ عطف‬iṭf pl. ‫ اعطاف‬a‘ṭāf side (of the
‫‘ عطشجي‬aṭašjī pl. ‫‘ عطشجيات‬aṭašjīya stoker,
body) │ ‫ لين العطاف‬layyin al-a. tractable,
fireman
docile, pliant; ‫( ترنحت العطاف‬tarannaḥat)
‫‘ عطعط‬aṭ‘aṭa to clamor, yell; to be uproarious, they were carried away, became ecstatic;
very noisy ‫ ضم بين أعطافه‬to combine, encompass,
‫‘ عطف‬at`tafa i (‘at`tf) to bend, incline, comprise s.th.
bow (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to incline, lean (‫ الى‬toward, ‫‘ عطفة‬aṭfa turn, turning, twist, curve,
to); to be favorably disposed (‫ على‬toward bend; (pl. -āt, ‫‘ عطف‬uṭaf) blind alley, dead
s.o.), be attached (‫ على‬to s.o.), harbor and (eg.)
affection (‫ على‬for), be fond (‫ على‬of s.o.),
‫‘ عطاف‬iṭāf pl. ‫‘ عطف‬uṭuf, ‫ اعطفة‬a‘ṭifa
have or feel compassion, sympathize (‫على‬
coat, cloak
with s.o.), feel (‫ على‬for s.o.); to turn away
(‫ عن‬from); ‫ عطف به‬to incline, dispose s.o. ( ‫‘ عطوف‬aṭūf compassionate,
‫ على‬toward), awaken affection or sympathetic, affectionate, loving, tender,
sympathy (‫ على‬for) or interest (‫ على‬in kind
s.th.); ‫ عطف به على‬to make s.o. appreciate ‫‘ عطوفة‬uṭūfa affection, attachment,
s.th., bring s.th. close to s.o.’s heart; ‫عطف‬ benevolence, good will; (as an honorific
‫ به عن‬to dissuade, alienate s.o. from II to title before the name = ‫ صاحب العطوفة‬His
fold, double, fold up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ه‬ Grace
s.o.) favorably disposed; to soften s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
heart, move s.o.; to awaken affection, ‫ مَعطف‬mi‘ṭaf pl. ‫ مَعاطف‬ma‘āṭif2 coat,
sympathy, tenderness (‫ ه‬in s.o., ‫ على‬for); to overcoat; smock, frock │ ‫مَعطف مَشمع‬
fill with affection, love, etc. (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.o.’s (mušamma‘) (impregnated) raincoat; ‫مَعطف‬
heart, ‫ على‬or ‫ نحو‬for) V to be favorably ‫ فرو‬m. farw fur coat
disposed (‫ على‬toward s.o.), be attached ( ‫ انعطاف‬in‘iṭāf inclination, bind(ing),
‫ على‬to s.o.), be fond (‫ على‬of s.o.), have or curving, curvature; sympathy,
feel compassion, sympathize (‫ على‬with compassion; liking, attachment, affection
s.o.), feel (‫ على‬for s.o.); to deign (‫ ب‬to do
s.th.) │ ‫ تعطف بالعطاف‬to put on a coat, wrap ‫ استعطاف‬isti‘ṭāf imploring, entreaty,
o.s. in a coat or cloak VI to harbor mutual earnest supplication; tender affection;
affection, be attached to one another VII conciliatory attitude
to be bent, inclined, crooked, or curved; to ‫‘ عاطف‬āṭif compassionate, sympathetic,
bend, curve; to bow, make a bow; to turn affectionate, loving, tender, kind │ ‫حرف‬
off (‫ الى‬toward, to), turn, swing (‫ الى‬into a ‫( عاطف‬ḥarf) conjunction (gram.)
road, etc.); to be favorably disposed ( ,‫الى‬
‫ على‬toward), be attached (‫ على‬,‫ الى‬to), be ‫‘ عاطفة‬āṭifa pl. ‫‘ عواطف‬awāṭif2 amorous
fond (‫ على‬,‫ الى‬of), have or feel compassion, affection; affectionate benevolence,
sympathize (‫ على‬,‫ الى‬with), feel (‫ على‬,‫الى‬ solicitude, sympathy, compassion,
for s.o.); to turn away, turn around VIII affection, attachment, liking, kind(li)ness;
‫ اعتطف بالعطاف = تعطف بالعطاف‬X to ask for, feeling, sentiment
or seek, s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬compassion or sympathy; ‫‘ عاطفي‬āṭifī sentimental; emotional;
to entreat, beseech, implore (‫ ه‬s.o.); to emotive, feeling; tender, affectionate,
affect winning or conciliatory manners, loving
display affection; to seek to conciliate,
‫‘ عاطفية‬āṭifīya sentimentality;
propitiate, or 620 win over (‫خاطره‬
emotionalism, emotionality
kāṭirahū or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to seek to be friends (‫ه‬
with s.o.); to try to attract or win (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَنعطف‬mun‘aṭaf pl. -āt (road) turn, temporary ban, suspension (of a
curve; turn, turning, winding, tortuosity, newspaper); impairment, damaging,
twist, bend; lane, alley, narrow street destruction, ruining, wrecking, injury;
paralyzation, neutralization, stoppage
‫ عطف‬musta‘ṭaf imploring, beseeching,
(e.g., of traffic); stopping, shutting-off (of
supplicatory; tender, affectionate
a motor); shutdown, closure (of an office);
‫‘ عطل‬aṭala a (‘aṭal) to he destitute, he a theological concept denying God all
devoid (‫ مَن‬of s.th.), lack (‫ مَن‬s.th.); to be attributes (as opposed to tašbīš; theol.) │ ‫ت‬
idle, not to work, rest; to he without work, ‫ عطيل حركة المرور‬t. ḥarakat al-murūr traffic
he unemployed II to leave without care, to congestion
neglect (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to leave without
‫ تعطل‬ta‘aṭṭul unemployment; inactivity,
work, leave idle (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. s.th.); to hinder,
idleness; (mechanical) failure, breakdown;
hamper, impede, obstruct (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
standstill │ ‫‘( تعطل عن العمل‬amal)
interrupt, suspend, defer, discontinue, stop
unemployment
(‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. some activity); to ban
temporarily, suspend (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. ‫‘ عاطل‬āṭil destitute, devoid (‫ مَن‬of s.th.);
publication of a newspaper); to damage inactive. idle, out of work, jobless,
(gravely), destroy, ruin, wreck, paralyze, unemployed; an unemployed person;
neutralize, put out of service or useless │ ‫‘( عضو عاطل‬uḍw) functionless
commission, lay up; put out of action, organ (biol.)
make inoperative (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stop, shut ‫‘ عواطل‬awāṭil2 vacations, holidays
off (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a motor); to shut down,
keep closed (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., an office) V to ‫ مَعطل‬mu‘aṭṭil one who denies God all
remain without work or employment; to attributes (theol.)
he or become unemployed (also ‫تعطل عن‬ ‫ مَعطل‬mu‘ṭṭal inactive, idle, out of work,
‫ ;)العمل‬to be or become idle, inactive; to be jobless, unemployed; inoperative, out of
hindered, hampered, impeded, obstructed, action, service, or commission, shut-
delayed, suspended, deferred, or down; stopped, shut-off (motor); closed
interrupted; to stop, stall (motor, (office)
machine); to fail (apparatus); to he
(gravely) damaged. be or be put out of ‫‘ عطن‬aṭan i u (‘aṭn) to soak (‫ الجلد‬al-
action or commission; to be shut down, be jilda the skin or hide so as to remove the
or remain closed; to he no longer valid, be hair, in tanning); to macerate (‫ الكتان‬al-
ineffective (statutes) kattāna the flax); -- ‘aṭina a (‘aṭan) to rot,
decay, putrefy (skin, hide, in tanning) II =
‫‘ عطل‬uṭl destitute, devoid (‫ مَن‬of s.th.); I ‘aṭana
impairedness, defectiveness, (gravely)
damaged state; damage, loss 621 ‫‘ عطن‬aṭan resting place of camels near
a waterhole │ ‫ ضيق العطن‬ḍayyiq al-‘a.
‫‘ عطل‬aṭal unemployment narrow-minded, parochial; ‫ رحب العطن‬raḥb
‫‘ عطلة‬uṭla unemployment, also ‫عطلة عن‬ al-‘a. broad-minded
‫( الشغل‬šugl); leisure, holidays, vacation(s), ‫‘ عطن‬aṭin putrid, rotten, stinking
recess; (pl. -āt, ‫‘ عطل‬uṭal) holiday, off day,
free day │ ‫( عطلة رسمية‬rasmīya) official, or ‫‘ عطين‬aṭīn putrid, rotten, stinking
legal, holiday; ‫( ايام العطلات الرسمية‬ayyām ‫‘ عطان‬iṭān tanbark
al-‘u.) official, or legal, holidays; ‫عطلة‬
‫‘ السبوع‬u. al-usbū‘ weekend; ‫عطلة قضائية‬ ‫ عطو‬III to give (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) IV to give (‫هـ ل‬
(qaḍā’īya) court recess (jur.); ‫عطلة نهاية‬ or ‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to present, hand over,
‫‘ السبوع‬u. nihāyat al-usbū‘ weekend offer (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to grant, award,
accord (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to present (‫هـ ه‬
‫‘ عطالة‬aṭāla unemployment s.o. with s.th.), bestow (‫ هـ ه‬upon s.o.
‫ تعطيل‬ta‘ṭīl hindering, obstruction, s.th.); pass. u‘ṭiya to get, obtain, receive (
hampering; discontinuance, interruption, ‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ اعطى دروسا‬to give lessons; ‫اعطى‬
deferment, suspension (of some activity); ‫( اقواله‬aqwālahū) to give evidence, give
one’s testimony (jur.); ‫اعطى له الكلمة‬
(kalimata) to allow s.o. to speak; ‫اعطاه بيده‬ oppressive V to be proud (‫ ب‬of s.th.); to
(bi-yadihī) to surrender or submit to s.o. V boast (‫ ب‬of), vaunt, flaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.); to he
to ask for charity, ask for alms (‫ ه‬s.o.); to arrogant, presumptuous, haughty VI to be
beg VI to take (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to swallow, take ( proud, arrogant, presumptuous, haughty,
‫ هـ‬a medicine); to take over, assume, supercilious; to be great, grand, grandiose,
undertake, take upon o.s. (‫ هـ‬a task); to imposing, huge, prodigious; to equal in
occupy o.s., be occupied or buoy (‫ هـ‬with weight, significance or importance (‫هـ‬
s.th.), be engaged (‫ هـ‬in s.th.), pursue, s.th.); to be weighty, grave, serious,
practice (‫ هـ‬an activity) X = V portentous (‫ ه‬for s.o.) │ ‫لَ يتعاظمه شأن العدو‬
(ša’nu l-‘adūw) the enemy’s importance
‫‘ عطا‬aṭan gift, present
does not unduly impress him X to be
‫‘ عطاء‬aṭā’ pl. a‘tiys gift, present; (pl. proud, arrogant, presumptuous, haughty,
-āt) offer, tender │ ‫( قدم عطاء‬qaddama) to supercilious; to regard as great,
make an offer or tender significant, or important (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ عطية‬aṭīya pl. ‫‘ عطايا‬aṭāyā gift, present ‫‘ عظم‬aẓm pl. ‫ اعظم‬a‘ẓum, ‫‘ عظام‬iẓām
‫ مَعاطاة‬mu‘āṭāh exercise, practice, bone │ ‫ عظم الساق‬shinbone; ‫مَسحوق العظام‬
pursuit (of an activity) bone meal; ‫ لين العظام‬līn al-‘i. softening of
the bones, osteomalacia
‫ اعطاء‬i‘ṭā’ donation; presentation,
grant(ing), award(ing) ‫‘ عظمي‬aẓmī bone-, osteo- (in
compounds) osseous, bony
‫ تعاط‬ta‘āṭin pursuit, practice (of an
activity) 622 ‫‘ عظم‬iẓam, ‘uẓm greatness, magnitude,
grandeur, power, might; significance,
‫ استعطاء‬isti‘ṭā’ begging, mendicity importance
‫ مَعط‬mu‘ṭin giver, donor ‫‘ عظمة‬aẓma piece of bone; bone
‫ مَعطى‬mu‘ṭan given; (pl. -āt) given ‫‘ عظمة‬aẓama majesty; pride, arrogance,
quantity (math.) haughtiness; exaltedness, sublimity,
‫ مَستعط‬musta‘ṭin beggar augustness │ ‫ صاحب العظمة‬His Majesty;
His Highness; ‫‘ عظمة السلطان‬a. as-sulṭān
‫ عظل‬III ‫( عاظل الكلم‬kalāma) to be repetitious in His Highness, the Sultan
one’s speech, use tautologisms, repeat o.s.
in speaking ‫‘ عظموت‬aẓamūt greatness, magnitude,
grandeur, power, might
‫‘ عظم‬aẓuma u (‘iẓam, ‫‘ عظامَة‬aẓāma) to be or
become great, big, large, grand, grandiose, ‫‘ عظيم‬aẓīm pl. ‫‘ عظماء‬uẓamā’2, ‫عظام‬
magnificent, imposing, powerful, or ‘iẓām, ‫‘ عظائم‬aẓā’im2 great, big, large;
mighty; to be huge, vast, enormous, strong, powerful, mighty; significant,
tremendous, immense, stupendous; to be important; grand, grandiose, imposing,
hard, distressing, painful, agonizing, or stately, magnificent; lofty, exalted, august,
oppressive (‫ على‬for s.o.) II to make, or sublime, splendid, gorgeous, glorious,
cause to become, great(er), big(ger), superb; huge, vast, prodigious, enormous,
large(r), (more) grandiose, (more) tremendous, immense, stupendous; hard,
imposing, (more) magnificent, mighty or distressing, gruesome, trying, oppressive
mightier, (more) powerful (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o. s.th.), │ ‫( فرصة عظيمة‬furṣa) golden opportunity;
enhance the greatness, grandeur, ‫ عظائم المَور‬great or terrible things; ‫العظماء‬
magnificence, power, or might (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of ‫( والكبراء‬kubarā’) the great of the world
s.o., of s.th.); to enlarge, enhance, magnify ‫‘ عظيمة‬aẓīma pl. ‫‘ عظائم‬aẓā’im2 a
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to aggrandize, glorify, extol, prodigious, terrible thing; great
exalt (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) IV = II; to attach misfortune, calamity, disaster
great importance (‫ هـ‬to s.th.); to regard (‫هـ‬
s.th.) as huge, vast, tremendous, ‫‘ عظامَي‬iẓāmī of noble descent,
enormous, immense, or stupendous; to highborn, aristocratic, noble, blue-
find (‫ هـ‬s.th.) hard, distressing, or
blooded, of or pertaining to nobility; ‫ مَتعفف‬muta‘affif chute, modest,
aristocrat, nobleman virtuous, pure; decent; honest, upright
righteous
‫ اعظم‬a‘ẓam2, f. ‫‘ عظمى‬uẓmā, pl. ‫اعاظم‬
a‘āẓim2 greater, bigger; mare significant, ‫‘ عفر‬afara i (‘afr) to cover with dust, to
more important; greatest, major, supreme; soil, begrime (also ‫ بالتراب‬bi-t-turāb; ‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
most significant, paramount │ ‫اعاظم رجال‬ s.o., s.th.) II = I; to dust, sprinkle with dust
‫ مَصر‬a. r. miṣr the most outstanding men or powder (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to glean
623 of Cairo; ‫ جريمة عظمى‬capital crime; ‫‘ عفر‬afar pl. ‫ اعفار‬a‘far dust
‫( الحرب العظمى‬ḥarb) World War I; ‫السواد‬
‫( العظم‬sawād) the great mass, the great ‫‘ عفر‬ufār (eg.) duet
majority, the major portion (of the O ‫‘ عفارة‬afāra pl. -āt spray, atomizer
people); ‫( الصدر العظم‬ṣadr) (formerly:)
title of the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman ‫ اعفر‬a‘far2, f. ‫‘ عفراء‬afrā’2 dust-colored,
Empire (Ott.-Turk.: ṣadr-i a‘ẓam) earth-colored
‫ تعظيم‬ta‘ẓīm aggrandizement, ‫ يعفور‬ya‘fūr pl. ‫ يعافير‬ya‘āfīr2
glorification, exaltation; military salute earthcolored gazelle
‫ مَعظم‬mu‘aẓẓam glorified, exalted, ‫ تعفير‬ta‘fīr (act of) dusting, sprinkling
revered, venerated; sublime, august (esp. with dust or powder
of rulers); splendid, gorgeous, glorious, ‫ عفرت‬II ta‘frata to behave like a demon
magnificent, resplendent; bony; ossified or devil
‫ مَعظم‬mu‘aẓzam most of (them), the ‫‘ عفريت‬ifrīt pl. ‘afārīt2 malicious,
majority, major part or portion (of), main mischievous; sly, cunning, crafty, wily;
part; maximum │ ‫ في مَعظمه‬mostly, for the afreet, demon, imp, devil; (eg.) naughty
moot part, largely child │ ‫( ولد عفريت‬walad) mischievous
‫ مَتعاظم‬muta‘āẓim proud, arrogant, child, good-for-nothing, ne’er-do-well
presumptuous, haughty, supercilious (eg.)
‫‘ عظة‬iẓa see ‫وعظ‬ ‫‘ عفريتة‬afrīta (lifting) jack (eg.)
‫‘ عف‬affa i (‫‘ عفة‬iffa, ‫‘ عفاف‬afāf) to refrain, ‫‘ عفرتة‬afrata devilry; dirty trick
abstain (‫ عن‬from s.th. forbidden or ‫‘ عفارم‬afārim (eg.) bravo! well done!
indecent); to be abstinent, continent,
virtuous, chaste, modest, decent, pure V = ‫’عفش‬afaša i (‘afš) to gather, collect, heap up,
I; to shrink (‫ عن‬from), be shy (‫ عن‬of), be amass (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
ashamed ‫‘ عفش‬afš refuse, rubbish, trash, junk;
‫‘ عف‬aff chute, modest, virtuous, pure; luggage, baggage; household effects,
decent; honest, upright, righteous furniture
‫‘ عفة‬iffa abstinence, continence, ‫‘ عفاشة‬afāša: ‫ عفاشة مَن الناس‬worthless
virtuousness, virtue, chastity, decency; people
purity; modesty; integrity, probity,
‫‘ عفص‬afṣ, galls, gallnuts, oak apples
honesty, uprightness, righteousness
‫‘ عفص‬afṣ sharp, pungent, acrid,
‫‘ عفاف‬afāf = ‫‘ عفة‬iffa
astringent and bitter (of taste)
‫‘ عفيف‬afīf pl. ‫ اعفاء‬a‘fā’2, ‫ اعفة‬a‘iffa
‫‘ عفوصة‬ufūṣa sharpness, pungency,
chaste, modest, virtuous, pure; decent;
acridity, astringence (of taste) 624
honest, upright, righteous
‫‘ عفن‬afina a (‘afan, ‫‘ عفونة‬ufūna) to rot, decay,
‫ اعف‬a‘aff2 chaster, more virtuous; more
putrefy, spoil; to be rotten, decayed, putrid
decent, of greater integrity
spoiled; to be or become moldy, musty,
‫ تعفف‬ta‘affuf abstinence, continence, mildewy, decomposed V = I
chastity, modesty; restraint
‫‘ عفن‬afan rottenness, putridity, decay, ‘afwa l-kāṭir spontaneously,
spoiledness unhesitatingly, casually
‫‘ عفن‬afin rotten, putrid, decayed, ‫‘ عفو‬afw pl. ‫‘ عفاء‬afā’ young donkey
decomposed, spoiled, moldy, musty, ‫‘ عفوي‬afwī spontaneous
mildewy; septic │ ‫( الحمى العفنة‬ḥummā)
putrid fever ‫‘ عفي‬afīy (eg.) strong, vigorous, husky,
robust
‫‘ عفونة‬ufūna rottenness, putridity, decay,
spoiledness ‫‘ عفاء‬afā’ effacement, obliteration,
extinction, ruin, fall; dust │ ‫ادركه العفاء‬
‫ تعفن‬ta‘affun rottenness, putridity, adrakahū l-‘afā’u to fall into disuse, pass
decay, spoiledness out of use; ‫ عليه العفاء‬it’s all over with him,
‫ مَعفن‬mu‘affan rotten, putrid, decayed, he is done for
decomposed, spoiled, moldy, musty ‫ مَعافاة‬muāfāh exemption, excuse,
mildewy; septic dispensation
‫ مَتعفن‬muta‘affin rotten, putrid, decayed, ‫ اعفاء‬i‘fā’ exemption (from a fee, and
decomposed, spoiled, moldy, musty, the like), excuse, dispensation; remission
mildewy; septic (of punishment); discharge, dismissal
(‫‘ عفا )عفو‬afā u (‘afw, ‫‘ عفاء‬afā) to be or (from an office)
become effaced, obliterated, wiped out, ‫ استعفاء‬isti‘fā’ request for pardon;
eliminated; -- ‘afā u (‘afw) to efface, excuse, apology; resignation (‫ مَن‬from an
obliterate, wipe out, eliminate (‫ عن‬or ‫هـ‬ office)
s.th.); to forgive (‫ عن‬s.o.); to excuse, free,
relieve, exempt (‫ عن ل‬s.o. from s.th.); to ‫‘ عاف‬āfin effaced, obliterated, wiped
desist, abstain, refrain (‫ عن‬from) II to out, eliminated
efface, obliterate, wipe out, eliminate (‫على‬ ‫‘ عافية‬āfiya (good) health, well-being;
or ‫ هـ‬s.th.) III and IV to restore to health, vigor, vitality
heal, cure (‫ ه‬s.o.); to guard (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن ه‬s.o.
against), protect, save (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن ه‬s.o. ‫ مَعافى‬mu‘āfan exempt(ed), free,
from); to free, release, relieve, exempt, excused, dispensed (‫ مَن‬from); healthy
except (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th. ‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬from), ‫‘ عق‬aqqa u (‘aqq) to cleave, split, rip, rend (‫هـ‬
excuse, dispense (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن ه‬s.o. from s.th.); -- ‘aqqa u (‫‘ عقوق‬uqūq) to be
s.th.) IV to dismiss, discharge, fire, depose disobedient, disrespectful, undutiful, 625
(‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to recuperate, recover, regain refractory, recalcitrant (‫ اباه‬abāhu or ‫والده‬
health VIII to call on s.o. (‫ )ه‬in order to wālidahū toward his father, of a child)
obtain s.th. X to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬pardon, ask
for a reprieve (‫ ه‬s.o.); to request (‫ ه‬of s.o.) ‫‘ عق‬aqq disobedient, disrespectful,
exemption (‫ مَن‬from s.th.); to tender one’s undutiful, refractory, recalcitrant (child)
resignation (‫ مَن‬from an office); to resign ( ‫‘ عقيق‬aqīq (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫عقائق‬
‫ مَن‬from an office) ‘aqā’iq2 carnelian; (pl. ‫ اعقة‬a‘iqqa)
‫‘ عفو‬afw effacement, obliteration, canyon, gorge, ravine
elimination; pardon, forgiveness; waiver ‫‘ عقيقي‬aqīqī carnelian-red
of punishment (Isl. Law); amnesty (‫عن‬
‫‘ عقوق‬uqūq disobedience, unruliness,
for); boon, kindness, favor; surplus; ‫عفوا‬
refractoriness, recalcitrance (of a child)
‘afwan I beg your pardon! excuse me! (in
reply to “thank you”) you’re welcome! ‫ اعق‬a‘aqq2 more irreverent, more
don’t mention it!; of one’s own accord, by disrespectful, naughtier │ ‫مَا اعقك‬
o.s., spontaneously; casually; without (a‘aqqaka) how irreverent you are!
design, in passing, incidentally I ‫‘ عاق‬āqq disobedient, disrespectful,
(‫‘( عفو عام )شامَل‬āmm) amnesty (‫ عن‬for); undutiful, refractory, recalcitrant (child)
‫( حق العفو عن العقوبة‬ḥaqq al-‘a., ‘uqūba)
right of granting pardon (jur.); ‫عفو الخاطر‬
‫‘ عقب‬aqaba u (‘aqb) to follow (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th. end, butt, stub (of a pencil, of a candle, of
or after s.o., after s.th.), succeed (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., a check, etc.); counterfoil
s.th.); to come after, ensue; to continue II ‫‘ عقب‬aqaba pl. ‫‘ عقاب‬iqāb steep road or
to follow (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th. or after s.o., after track, steep incline; pass, mountain road; ‫ال‬
s.th.), succeed (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to pursue, ‫ عقبة‬or ‫ قلعة العقبة‬qal‘at al-‘a. ‫هـ‬qaba
follow, trail (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to expose, (seaport in SW Jordan): (pl. -āt, ‫عقاب‬
compromise, show up (‫ على‬s.o.); to revise, ‘iqāb) obstacle; difficulty │ ‫وقف عقبة دون‬
correct, rectify, amend; to review (‘aqabatan) to stand in the way of s.th.,
critically, criticize (‫ على‬s.th.), comment ( obstruct s.th.
‫ على‬on s.th.) │ ‫ عقب آثاره‬to tread in s.o.’s
footsteps III to alternate, take turns (‫ ه‬with ‫‘ عقيب‬aqīb one who, or that which,
s.o.); to punish (‫ على‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. for) IV to succeeds or is subsequent; following,
follow (‫ هـ ه‬s.o., s.th. or after s.o., after subsequent │ ‫‘( عقيب ذلك‬aqība) thereafter,
s.th.), succeed (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to come afterwards, subsequently
after, ensue; to have for son (‫ ه‬s.o.), be the ‫‘ عقاب‬uqāb (usually f.) pl. ‫ اعقب‬a‘qub,
father (‫ ه‬of a son); to have as offspring, ‫‘ عقبان‬iqbān eagle; ‫العقاب هـ‬quila (astron.)
have sired (‫ ه‬s.o.); to revert from evil to
good, mend one’s ways, reform; to end ‫‘ عقابي‬uqābī eagle, (in compounds),
well, succeed, V to pursue, follow, trail (‫هـ‬ aquiline
‫ ه‬, s.o., s.th.) VI to be successive or ‫‘ عقيب‬uqayyib a small eagle, Eaglet 626
consecutive, succeed one another, follow
one after the other; to dart one by one (‫على‬ ‫‘ عقوبة‬uqūba pl. -āt punishment,
upon), launch successive attacks, act penalty; pl. punitive measures, sanctions
successively, embark successively (‫على‬ │ ‫( عقوبات اقتصادية‬iqtiṣādīya) economic
upon) sanctions; ‫ قانون العقوبات‬penal code

‫‘ عقب‬aqib, ‘aqb pl. ‫ اعقاب‬a‘qāb heal; ‫‘ عقوبي‬uqūbī penal, punitive


last part of s.th., end; that which follows ‫‘ عقبى‬uqbā end, outcome, upshot; issue,
subsequently or ensues, subsequence effect, result, consequence
(with foll. genit.); grandson; offspring,
‫ يعقوب‬ya‘qūb2 Jacob, James; ya‘qūb (pl.
progeny; ‘aqiba (prep.) immediately after,
‫ يعاقيب‬ya‘āqīb2) male mountain quail
subsequent to │ ‫‘( جاء عقبه‬aqibahū) or ‫جاء‬
(zool.) │ ‫ لحاجة في نفس يعقوب‬li-hājatin fī
‫ جاء في عقبه‬,‫ بعقبه‬he came closely after him;
nafsi y. for some unknown reason, from
‫‘ على عقب‬alā ‘aqibi immediately after ...;
secret motives
‫‘( رجع )عاد( على عقبيه‬aqibaihi) pl. ‫رجعوا‬
‫ )عادوا( على اعقابهم‬to retrace one’s steps, ‫ يعقوبي‬ya‘qūbī pl. ‫ يعاقبة‬ya‘āqiba a
turn back; ‫( رده على عقبيه‬raddahū) pl. ‫ردهم‬ Jacobite, an adherent of Jacob Baradai;
‫ على اعقابهم‬to drive s.o. back to where he Jacobite (adj.; Chr.)
came from; ‫( ارتد على عقبيه‬irtadda) pl. ‫ارتدوا‬ ‫ تعقيب‬ta‘qīb pl. -āt pursuit, chase;
‫ على اعقابهم‬to withdraw, retreat; ‫رأسا على عقب‬ investigation; comment(ing); appeal (of a
(ra’san) head over heels, topsy-turvy, sentence, jur.) │ ‫ دائرة التعقيب‬court of
upside down; from the ground up, review, appellate court (Tun.)
radically; ‫( ظهرا على عقب‬ẓahran) do.; ‫في‬
‫( اعقاب الشهر‬a. iš-šahr) at the end of the ‫ مَعاقبة‬mu‘āqaba infliction of
month; ‫ اعقاب الصلوات‬a. aṣ-ṣalawāt punishment, punishment; pl. ‫مَعاقبات‬
(supererogatory) prayers performed after sanctions (pol.)
the prescribed salat; ‫ في اعقاب الليلة‬at ‫‘ عقاب‬iqāb infliction of punishment,
daybreak, immediately after night was punishment; penalty
over
‫‘ عقابي‬iqābī penal, punitive
‫‘ عقب‬uqb pl. ‫ اعقاب‬a‘qāb end, outcome,
upshot; issue, effect, result, consequence; ‫ تعقب‬ta‘aqqub pl. -āt pursuit, chase;
rest, remnant, remainder; (cigarette, etc.) investigation
‫ تعاقب‬ta‘āqub succession │ ‫على تعاقب‬ boiling) V to be knit (together), knotted,
‫ العصور‬in the course of centuries tied with knots; to be or become intricate
or complicated; to congeal, coagulate,
‫‘ عاقب‬āqib: ‫ على العاقب‬successively
clot, thicken; to gather (of clouds, 627
‫ عاقبة‬aqiba pl. ‫‘ عواقب‬awāqib2 end, etc.) │ ‫( تعقد لسانه‬lisānuhū) to express o.s.
outcome, upshot; issue, effect, result, with difficulty, speak laboringly; to be
consequence │ ‫ سليم العاقبة‬benign (disease) unable to speak, be tongue-tied VI to be
‫ مَعاقب‬mu‘āqib alternate; punisher interknit, interknotted, interjoined,
interlinked; to make a contract; to reach
‫ مَتعاقب‬muta‘āqib successive, agreement, come to mutual agreement (
consecutive, uninterrupted, continuous ‫ على‬on, about) VII to be knit (together),
‫‘ عقد‬aqada i (‘aqd) to knit, knot, tie (‫هـ‬ knotted, tied with knots, entangled; to
s.th.) to fasten with a knot (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to put contract, become contracted (e.g., brows);
together, join, fold, lock (‫ هـ‬one’s hands, to be inhibited (tongue); to congeal,
and the like); to contract (‫ هـ‬the brows, coagulate, clot, thicken; to be concluded
and the like); to fix (‫ هـ‬one’s eyes, ‫ ب‬on); (contract), be effected (sale); to convene,
to arch, vault (‫ هـ‬a structure); to hold, assemble, meet (a committee, a
convene, convoke, summon, call (‫ هـ‬s.th., conference, and the like) │ ‫الَجماع مَنعقد على‬
e.g., a session, a meeting); to conclude (‫هـ‬ ‫( ان‬ijmā‘) there is general conviction
a contract), effect (‫ هـ‬a transaction, a sale); that ...; ‫( لم ينعقد له زهر ولَ ثمر‬zahr, tamar) to
to contract (‫ هـ‬a loan) │ ‫‘ عقد امَل على‬aqada remain without blossom and fruit, be
amalan) to pin, or set, one’s hope(s) on ...; without any effect and consequence VIII
‫( عقد جبهته‬jabhatahū) to knit, or wrinkle, to believe (firmly) (s.th., ‫ ب‬in)
one’s brows, frown; ‫عقد مَحادثة‬ ‫‘ عقد‬aqd knitting, knotting, tying;
(muḥādatatan) to strike up a conversation; joining, junction, looking; holding,
‫‘( عقد خطبتها على‬uqida kiṭbatuhā) she summoning, convocation (of a session, of
became engaged to; (‫عقد الخنصر )الخناصر‬ a meeting); conclusion (of a contract, of a
‫( على‬kinṣir, kanāṣir) to give s.th. top- sale); contraction (of a loan, and the like);
rating because of its excellence, put s.th. -- (pl. ‫‘ عقود‬uqūd) contract, agreement,
above everything else; ‫( عقد زواجا‬zawājan) arrangement; legal act, legal transaction;
to contract a marriage; ‫عقد العزم )العزيمة( على‬ document, deed; vault, arah; group of ten,
(‘azma) to make up one’s mind to do s.th., half-score; decade, decennium │ ‫عقد الفي‬
be (firmly) determined to do s.th.; ‫عقد لسانه‬ (alfī) millennium; ‫‘ عقد الزواج‬a. az-zawāj
to silence s.o.; ‫ عقد لواء الشيء‬to found, start, contraction of marriage, marriage;
originate, launch, produce, kindle, marriage certificate; ‫ عقد القران‬contraction
provoke s.th.; ‫السفينة المعقود لها لواء القيادة‬ of marriage, marriage; ‫‘ عقد الملكية‬a. al-
(liwā’u l-q.) the flagship; ‫البارحة المعقود‬ milkīya title deed; ‫( انفرط عقدهم‬infaraṭa)
‫( لواؤها للمَيرال‬liwā’uhā li-l-amīrāl) the they broke up, they went their own ways
admiral’s flagship; ‫( عقد ناصيته‬nāṣiyatahū)
= ‫( عقد جبهته; عقد نطاقا‬niṭāqan) to form a ‫‘ عقد‬iqd pl. ‫‘ عقود‬uqūd chaplet, necklace
cordon (‫ حوله‬around s.o.); ‫عقد النية على‬ │ ‫ واسطة العقد‬center, focus, highlight, chief
(nīyata) to resolve, make up one’s mind to attraction, pièce de résistance
do s.th., decide on s.th.; ‫عقد له لواء المجد‬ ‫‘ عقدة‬uqda pl. ‫‘ عقد‬uqad knot (also =
(‫‘ )النصر‬uqida lahū liwā’u l-majd (n-naṣr) nautical mile); inch; joint (anat.); splice;
approx.: he was awarded the laurel of knot, knur, knob, swelling, nodule, node,
fame (of victory); ‫‘( عقد على المرأة‬alā l- protuberance, excrescence, outgrowth;
mar’a) to marry a woman II to knit compact, covenant, contract; problem,
(tightly), knot, tie (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pile up, difficulty; puzzle, riddle; complex
mass together (‫ هـ‬e.g., clouds), cluster (‫هـ‬ (psychol.)
e.g., vapors, steam); to complicate, make
‫‘ عقاد‬aqqād a producer and seller of
difficult, intricate, or tangled ‫( هـ‬s.th.) II
cords, braiding and tassels, maker of
and IV to congeal, coagulate, clot,
trimmings
thicken, inspissate (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. by
‫‘ عقادة‬iqāda manufacture of trimmings, ‫ مَعقد‬mu‘aqqad knotted, knotty, gnarl.d;
braiding, etc. complicated, intricate, entangled, snarled,
involved, difficult
‫‘ عقيد‬aqīd pl. ‫‘ عقداء‬uqadā’2 contracting
party, contractant, contractor; a military ‫ مَعاقد‬mu‘āqad contracting party,
rank, approx.: lieutenant colonel (Ir.); contractant, contractor
colonel (mil., U.A.R.) ‫ مَتعاقد‬muta‘āqid: ‫ مَتعاقدان‬the two
‫‘ عقيدة‬aqīda pl. ‫‘ عقائد‬aqā’id2 article of contracting parties
faith, tenet, doctrine; dogma; creed, faith, ‫ مَعتقد‬mu‘taqad believed; ‫ المعتقد ان‬it is
belief; conviction; O ideology │ ‫عقيدة‬ believed that ..., it is held that …; -- (pl.
‫( خرافية‬kurāfīya) superstition; ‫في عقيدتي‬ -āt) article of faith, principle of faith,
according to my conviction, as I believe tenet; doctrine; dogma; creed, faith;
‫‘ عقائدي‬aqā’idī O ideological conviction, belief, view, opinion
‫اعقد‬a‘qad2 (elative) knottier, more ‫‘ عقر‬aqara i (‘aqr) to wound (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); --
knotted; more complicated, more difficult; ‘aqura u and ‘aqara i (‘uqr, ‘aqr, ‫عقارة‬
-- a‘qad2, f. ‫‘ عقداء‬aqdā’ knotty, knotted, ‘aqāra) to be barren, sterile; to be
guarded │ ‫‘( عصا عقداء‬aṣan) knotty stick, childless III to be addicted, be given (‫ هـ‬to
brier cane s.th., e.g., to drinking) IV to stun, stupefy (
‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مَعقد‬ma‘qid pl. ‫ مَعاقد‬ma‘āqid2 piece
where s.th. is knotted or tied in a knot or ‫‘ عقر‬uqr, ‘aqr barrenness, sterility;
knots; point where s.th. joins or meets, a middle, center │ ‫ في عقر الدار‬within the
junction, a juncture, a joint, a seam │ ‫مَعقد‬ house itself (not outside the house); ‫في عقر‬
the object on which s.o. pins his hopes; َ‫ل‬ ‫ داره‬in his own house; ‫ في عقر ديارهم‬within
‫( يأخذ الكرى بمعقد جفنه‬karā bi-m. jafnihī) no the country; in their own country, on their
slumber closed his lids own ground
‫ تعقيد‬ta‘qīd complication, entanglement, ‫‘ عقر‬uqr indemnity for illicit sexual
involvement; complicatedness, intricacy; intercourse with a woman slave (Isl. Law);
complexity, tangledness; pl. -āt intricate, childless man
complicated problems ‫‘ عقار‬aqār pl. -āt immovable property,
‫ تعقد‬ta‘aqqud complicatedness, immovables, real property, real estate,
complexity, intricacy realty; piece of real estate, landed property
‫ انعقاد‬in‘iqād meeting, convening, ‫‘ عقار‬uqār residue
session (of a committee, and the like) │ ‫‘ عقاري‬aqārī of or pertaining to
‫ دور الَنعقاد‬daur al-in. session, term (parl.) immovable property, immovables, landed
‫ اعتقاد‬i‘tiqād (firm) belief, faith, trust, property, or real estate; consisting in
confidence, conviction; -- (pl. -āt) immovable property, immovables, landed
(religious) creed, faith; article of faith; property, or real estate; landed │ ‫بنك عقاري‬
principle of faith, tenet; doctrine; dogma real-estate bank, land-mortgage bank; ‫رهن‬
628 ‫( عقاري‬rahn) mortgage on landed property,
landed security; ‫( القسم العقاري‬qism) real-
‫ اعتقاد‬i‘tiqād dogmatic; (pl. -ūn)
estate administration (Tun.); ‫مَلك عقاري‬
dogmatist │ ‫( المعهد الَعتقادي‬madhab)
(milk) landed property
dogmatism
‫‘ عقور‬aqūr mordacious, rapacious,
‫‘ عاقد‬āqid legally competent to contract
voracious (animal)
(Isl. Law)
‫‘ عقار‬aqqār pl. ‫‘ عقاقير‬aqāqīr2 drug;
‫ مَعقود‬ma‘qūd knit, knotted, etc., see ‫عقد‬
medicament, remedy
(of milk) curdled │ ‫ مَعقود اللسان‬tongue-tied,
incapable of speech │ ‫كان العمال مَعقودا ان‬ ‫‘ عقارة‬aqāra barrenness, sterility
(amalu) it was hoped that … ‫‘ عقيرة‬aqīra voice
‫‘ عاقر‬āqir (f.) barren, sterile (woman) insane, mad; ‫ سليم )صحيح( العقل‬sane; O ‫العقل‬
‫( الباطن‬or ‫اللشعوري‬, or ‫( )غير الواعي‬lā-šu‘ūrī,
‫‘ عقرب‬aqrab pl. ‫‘ عقارب‬aqārib2 scorpion; sting,
gairu l-wā‘ī) the unconscious, the
prick; hand (of a watch or clock); look,
subliminal; O ‫( العقل الشعوري‬or ‫الواعي‬, or
curl; ‫ العقرب‬Scorpio (astron.)
‫( )الظاهر‬šu‘ūrī) the subconscious, the
‫ مَعقرب‬mu‘aqrab crooked, curved, coconscious; O ‫( العقل المميز‬mumayyiz) the
curled conscious; O ‫ عقل الكتروني‬electronic
‫‘ عقص‬aqaṣa i (‘aqṣ) to braid, plait (‫ هـ‬the hair) computer

‫‘ عقيصة‬aqīṣa pl. ‫‘ عقائص‬aqā’iṣ2, ‫عقاص‬ ‫‘ عقلي‬aqlī reasonable, rational;


‘iqāṣ braid, plait (of hair), lock ratiocinative; mental; intellectual; (pl. -ūn)
rationalist; an intellectual; ‫العقليات‬
‫‘ عقعق‬aq‘aq pl. ‫‘ عقاعق‬aqā‘iq2 magpie (zol.) al-‘aqlīyāt the mental world │ ‫المذهب العقلي‬
‫‘ عقف‬aqafa i (‘aqf) to crook, hook, bend (madhab) rationalism; ‫ المَرض العقلية‬mental
sharply (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II = I diseases
‫‘ عقفة‬uqfa pl. -āt loop, ring, eyelet (to ‫‘ عقلية‬aqlīya mentality, mental attitude
hold a button, the cords of the ‘iqāl, and ‫‘ عقلة‬uqla pl. ‫‘ عقل‬uqal knot, knob, node
the like) (e.g., of a reed, cane, etc.); joint,
‫ اعقف‬a‘qaf2, f. ‫‘ عقفاء‬aqfā’2 crooked, articulation; knuckle; layer (hort.); trapeze
bent, hooked ‫‘ عقال‬iqāl pl. ‫‘ عقل‬uqul cord used for
O ‫ مَعقف‬ma‘qif square bracket hobbling the feet of a camel; a headband
made of camel’s hair, holding the kūfīya in
‫ مَعقوف‬ma‘qūf crooked, bent, hooked; place │ ‫( اطلق حربا مَن عقالها‬aṭlaqa ḥarban)
bent at the ends, handlebar-shaped to unleash or start a war
(mustache); dual ‫ مَعقوفان‬square brackets
(typ.) │ ‫ الصليب المعقوف‬the swastika ‫‘ عقول‬aqūl understanding, reasonable,
sensible, discerning, intelligent; costive
‫ مَنعقف‬mun‘aqif square bracket │ ‫بين‬ medicine; (and ‫‘ عاقول‬āqūl) a low spiny
‫ مَنعقفين‬in square brackets 629 shrub of the steppes of North Africa and
‫‘ عقل‬aqala i (‘aql) to hobble with the ‘iqāl (‫عقا‬ Western Asia (camel’s-thorn, Alhagi
‫ ل‬q.v.; ‫ البعير‬al-ba‘īra the camel); to intern, maurorom; Alhagi manniferom Desv.;
confine, detain, arrest, put under arrest (‫ه‬ bot.)
s.o.); to throw (‫ ه‬s.o.) in wrestling; to pay ‫‘ عقيلة‬aqīla pl. ‫‘ عقائل‬aqā’il2 the best, the
blood money or wergild (‫ ه ل‬for the slain pick; wife, spouse │ ‫( السيدة عقيلته‬sayyida)
to s.o.); to be endowed with (the faculty his wife; ‫‘ عقائل الصفات‬a. aṣ-ṣifāt the very
of) reason, be reasonable, have best qualities
intelligence; to be in one’s senses, be
conscious; to realize, comprehend, ‫ اعقل‬a‘qal2 brighter, smarter, more
understand (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( عقل لسانه‬lisānahū) intelligent
to tongue-tie s.o., make s.o. speechless II ‫ مَعقل‬ma‘qil pl. ‫ مَعاقل‬ma‘āqil2 refuge,
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) reasonable or sensible, sanctuary; stronghold, fortress, fort; O
bring (‫ ه‬s.o.) to reason V to be or become pillbox, bunker, dugout (mil.); fortified
reasonable, sensible, rational, intelligent, position
judicious, prudent, wise; to comprehend,
grasp (‫ ه‬s.th.) VIII to arrest, put under ‫ مَعقل‬ma‘qula pl. ‫ مَعاقل‬ma‘āqil2 blood
arrest, apprehend, detain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to intern money, wergild
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to seize, impound (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ تعقل‬ta‘aqqul understanding,
‫‘ عقل‬aql blood money, bloodwite, discernment, prudence, judiciousness,
wergild; (pl. ‫‘ عقول‬uqūl) sense, sentience, wisdom │ ‫ بتعقل‬sensibly, intelligently
reason, understanding, comprehension, ‫ اعتقال‬i‘tiqāl pl. -āt arrest, detention,
discernment, insight, rationality, mind, internment; cramp, spasm │ ‫مَعسكر الَعتقال‬
intellect, intelligence │ ‫ مَختل العقل‬muktall mu‘askar al-i‘t. concentration camp
al-‘a. mentally deranged, demented,
‫‘ عاقل‬āqil pl. -ūn, ‫‘ عقلاء‬uqalā’2, ‫عقال‬ ‫‘ عكة‬akka2, ‫‘ عكاء‬akkā’2 and ‫‘ عكا‬akkkā
‘uqqāl understanding, reasonable, Acre (seaport in Palestine)
sensible, rational, discerning, intelligent, ‫‘ عكيك‬akīk sultry, muggy, sweltering
prudent, judicious, wile; in full possession (day)
of one’s mental faculties, compos mentis,
sane in mind ‫‘ عكر‬akira a (‘akar) to be or become
turbid, muddy, roily II to render turbid, to
‫‘ عاقلة‬āqila a clan committed by roil, to muddy (‫ هـ‬or ‫ على‬s.th.); to disturb,
unwritten law of the Bedouins to pay the trouble (‫ هـ‬or ‫ على‬s.th.) │ ‫( عكر الصفو‬ṣafwa)
bloodwite for each of its members to destroy the untroubled state, disturb
‫ مَعقول‬ma‘qūl reasonable, sensible, the order; ‫( عكر صفوه‬ṣafwahū) and ‫عكر‬
intelligible, comprehensible, ‫( عليه الصفو‬ṣafwa) to kill s.o.’s good spirits,
understandable, plausible, logical; spoil s.o.’s good humor V to become
rational; apprehensive faculty, turbid, become muddy; to deteriorate, be
comprehension, intellect, discernment, aggravated, become worse (situation)
judiciousness, judgment; common sense │ ‫‘ عكر‬amr turbidity, muddiness;
‫ مَعقول‬unintelligible, 630 sediment, dregs, lees
incomprehensible, nonsensical,
incongruous, preposterous, absurd ‫‘ عكر‬akir turbid, muddy, roily;
troubled, disturbed
‫ مَعقولية‬ma‘qūlīya, comprehensibility,
intelligibility; logicality, rationality, or ‫‘ عكارة‬akāra, ‘ikāra (eg.) sediment,
reasonable character, logicality, dregs, lees
rationality, reasonableness ‫ تعكير‬ta‘kīr (act of) rendering turbid,
‫ مَعتقل‬mu‘taqal pl. -āt concentration roiling, muddying; disturbance, troubling,
camp; prison camp; internment camp, derangement
detention camp ‫ مَعكر‬mu‘akkar turbid, sedimentous,
‫‘ عقم‬aqama u and ‘aquma u (‘aqm; ‘uqm) to be roiled, muddy; disturbed, troubled
barren, sterile (womb, woman); -- aqama ‫ عكز‬V to lean (‫ على‬on a staff)
i (‘aqm) to render barren (‫ هـ‬the womb) II
to render sterile or barren, sterilize (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ ‫‘ عكاز‬ukkāz, ‫‘ عكازة‬ukkāza pl. -āt, ‫عكاكيز‬
s.o., s.th.); to degerminate (‫ ه‬s.th.); to ‘akākīz2 staff, stick; crutch
pasteurize (‫ ه‬s.th.); to disinfect (‫ ه‬s.th.) V ‫‘ عكس‬akasa i (‘aks) to reverse, invert (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to be rendered barren, be sterilized to reflect, throw back, cast back, mirror (‫هـ‬
‫‘ عقم‬aqm, ‘uqm, ‘aqam barrenness, s.th.) III to counteract, oppose, contradict (
sterility ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), thwart (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to disturb,
trouble (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to molest, vex,
‫‘ عقمة‬uqma barrenness, sterility tease, harass (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to be reversed, be
‫‘ عقيم‬aqīm pl. ‫‘ عقم‬uqum, ‫‘ عقام‬iqām inverted; to be thrown back, be cast back,
barren; sterile; useless, unavailing, futile, be reflected, be mirrored VII to be
fruitless, ineffectual, ineffective, reversed, be inverted; to turn back (‫على‬
unproductive (e.g., work, attempt) against); to redound (‫ على‬to, on); to be
thrown back, be cast back (‫ على‬or ‫ عن‬by),
‫ تعقيم‬ta‘qīm sterilization, degermination, be reflected, be mirrored (‫ على‬or ‫ عن‬by, in)
pasteurization; disinfection
‫‘ عكس‬aks reversal, reversion, inversion;
O ‫ مَعقم‬mu‘aqqim disinfector, reflection; opposite, contract, contrary,
disinfecting apparatus reverse │ ‫‘ عكس ذلك‬aksa d. and ‫على عكس‬
‫ مَعقم‬mu‘aqqam sterilized, pasteurized, ‫ ذلك‬in contrast with that, contrary to that;
disinfected, degerminated ‫ كان على العكس مَن‬to be in contrast to, be in
opposition to; ‫ بالعكس‬on the contrary,
‫‘ عك‬akka i (‘akk) to be sultry, muggy (day)
conversely; ‫ والعكس بالعكس‬and vice versa;
‫‘ عك‬akk sultry, muggy, sweltering 631 ‫( بحث المسألة طردا وعكسا‬mas’alata
ṭardan) he studied the problem from all ‫ عاكف‬pl. -ūn, ‫‘ عكوف‬ukūf, ‫‘ عكف‬ukkaf
sides or in all its aspects given, addicted (‫ على‬to s.th.); obsessed (
‫ على‬by), bent, intent (‫ على‬on); busily
‫‘ عكسي‬aksī contrary, opposite,
engaged (‫ على‬in), busy (‫ على‬with)
contrasting, antithetical, adverse
‫‘ عكم‬akama i (‘akm) to bundle up, pack, tie in
‫‘ عكيس‬akīs layer, shoot, cion (hort.)
a cloth, and the like (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَعاكسة‬mu‘ākasa pl. as disturbance; 1
‫‘ عل‬alu see ‫علو‬
molestation, pestering, harassment;
2
struggle, fight, battle │ ‫مَعاكسة الحالة الجوية‬ ‫‘ عل‬alla, ‫ لعل‬la-‘alla (particle; with accusative
(jawwīya) inclemency of the weather noun immediately following) perhaps,
maybe │ ‫( مَن يدري لعل‬man yadrī) who
‫ انعكاسي‬in‘ikāsī reflection; (pl. -āt)
knows if …
reflex
3
‫‘ عل‬alla i and pass. ‘ulla to be or fall ill II to
‫ انعكاسي‬in‘ikāsī reflectional, reflexive,
occupy, busy, keep busy, entertain, distract
reflex (adj.) │ ‫( حركة انعكاسية‬ḥaraka) reflex
(‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to justify, motivate, explain
action, reflex (physiol.)
(‫ ب ه‬s.th. with) │ ‫ علل نفسه )النفس( ب‬to
‫‘ عاكس‬ākis screen, lamp shade; reflector indulge in the hope that …, entertain or
‫‘ عاكسة‬ākisa reflector; eye shade; lamp cherish the hope of or that …, be given to
shade the illusion that ...; ‫ علل نفسه بآمَال‬to indulge
in hopes; to entertain vain hopes; ‫علل المَال‬
‫ مَعاكس‬mu‘ākis counter-, contra-, anti- ‫ ب‬to cherish the hope of ...; ‫ علله بالوعود‬to
‫( هجمة مَعاكسة‬hajma) counterattack put s.o. off with promises V to occupy
‫ مَتعاكس‬muta‘ākis contrasting, opposite, o.s., busy o.s., amuse o.s., distract o.s.,
opposed, conflicting divert o.s. (‫ ب‬with); to make an excuse,
offer a pretext; to offer or use as an
‫ مَنعكس‬mun‘akis reflected │ ‫صورة مَنعكسة‬ excuse, offer a pretext (‫ ب‬s.th.); to use as
(ṣūra) mirror image, reflected image, an expedient, as a makeshift (‫ ب‬s.th.) │
reflection, reflex; ‫ افعال مَنعكسة‬reflex actions ‫( تعلل بعلة‬bi-‘illatin) to make a pretext,
‫‘ عكاشة‬akāša awkwardness, clumsiness plead s.th. as an excuse VIII to be or fall
ill; to be weak, defective; to make an
‫‘ عكاشة‬ukāša, ‘ukāša spider; spider web,
excuse, offer a pretext; to adduce, give,
cobweb
offer (‫ ب‬a reason or excuse, ‫ على‬for s.th.);
‫‘ عكف‬akafa u i (‫‘ عكف‬ukuf) to adhere, cling, to pretend, purport, allege, feign,
stick, keep (‫ على‬to); to give o.s. over, dissimulate, offer as a pretext or excuse (
apply o.s., devote o.s., be addicted (‫ على‬to ‫ ب‬s.th.) 632
s.th.), indulge (‫ على‬in s.th.), be obsessed (
‫‘ علة‬illa pl. -āt, ‫‘ علل‬ilal illness,
‫ على‬by), be bent, be intent (‫ على‬on s.th.); to
sickness, disease, malady; deficiency,
be busily engaged (‫ على‬in), busy o.s. (‫على‬
defect, weakness; weakness, defectiveness
with); to remain uninterruptedly (‫ في‬in); to
(of a letter or word; gram.); metrical
seclude o.s., isolate o.s. (‫ في‬in, at a place),
variation or irregularity (prosody); -- (pl.
withdraw, retire (‫ في‬into, to a place); --
‫‘ علل‬ilal) cause, reason, occasion; excuse,
‘akafa u i (‘akf) to hold back, restrain,
pretense, pretext, plea │ ‫ حروف العلة‬the
keep (‫ ه عن‬s.o. from) II to hold back,
weak letters (‫ و‬,‫ ي‬,‫ ;ا‬gram.); ‫ على علته‬in
restrain, keep (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from) V to remain
spite of his weaknesses, such as he is; ‫العلة‬
uninterruptedly (‫ هـ‬in); to seclude o.s.,
‫ والمعلول‬cause and effect; ‫ علة العلل في‬the
isolate o.s. (‫ في‬in, at a place; ‫ عن‬from),
principal cause of ..., the deeper reason
withdraw, retire (‫ في‬into, to a place; ‫عن‬
underlying ...
from); to live in seclusion. in retirement (
‫ عن‬from) VIII = V; to devote o.s., apply ‫‘ علة‬alla pl. -āt concubine │ ‫بنو العلت‬
o.s. assiduously (‫ الى‬to s.th.), busy o.s. (‫الى‬ banū l-‘a. sons of a man by different
with) mothers
‫‘ عليل‬alīl pl. ‫ اعلء‬a‘illa’ sick, ill, ailing; ‫‘ علج‬ilj pl. ‫‘ علوج‬ulūj infidel; uncouth
sick person, patient; soft, gentle, mild, fellow, lout
pleasant ‫ مَعالجة‬mu‘ālaja treatment (of a patient,
‫‘ علية‬illīya causality also of a subject); nursing (of a patient);
cultivation (of an art); manipulation,
‫‘ علية‬ilya, ‘ullīya and ‫‘ عليون‬illīyūn see
handling, processing, treatment (of a
‫علو‬
material, etc.)
‫‘ عللة‬ulāla comfort, consolation;
‫‘ علاج‬ilāj medical treatment; remedy;
remainder, remnant, rest
cure, therapy
‫ تعليل‬ta‘līl pl. -āt entertainment,
‫ تعالج‬ta‘āluj curative, therapeutic
diversion, distraction; argumentation,
justification, motivation, explanation ‫ علف‬ta‘āluj medical treatment (which one
undergoes)
‫ تعلة‬ta‘illa pl. -āt pretext, pretense,
excuse; makeshift, expedient, substitute, ‫‘ علف‬alafa i (‘alf) to feed, fodder (‫ هـ‬livestock)
surrogate ‫‘ علف‬alaf pl. ‫ اعلاف‬a‘lāf, ‫‘ علاف‬ilāf, ‫علوفة‬
‫ اعتلل‬i‘tilāl illness, sickness, disease, ‘ulūfa fodder, forage, provender
malady; weakness, defectiveness ‫‘ علاف‬allaf pl. ‫ ة‬seller of provender
‫ مَعلول‬ma‘lūl ill, sick, ailing; effect │ ‫‘ علوفة‬alūfa pl. ‫‘ علائف‬alā’if2 stall-fed
‫‘( العلة والمعلول‬illa) cause and effect; ‫اتخذ‬ animal; -- (pl. ‫‘ علف‬uluf) fodder, forage,
‫ المعلول علة‬ittakada l-ma‘lūla ‘illatan to provender 633
mistake cause and effect
‫ مَعلف‬mi‘laf pl. ‫ مَعالف‬ma‘ālif2 manger,
‫ مَعل‬mu‘all ill, sick, ailing trough
‫ مَعتل‬mu‘tall ill, sick, ailing; weak ‫ مَعلوف‬ma‘laf stall-fed, fattened
(letter; gram.); defective (word; gram.) (animal)
‫ علب‬II to can, tin, preserve in cans (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫‘ علق‬aliqa a (‘alaq) to hang, be suspended,
‫‘ علبة‬ulba pl. ‫‘ علب‬ulab, ‫‘ علب‬ilāb box, dangle; to stick, cling, cleave, adhere (‫ب‬
case; can, tin; etui to); to catch (‫ ب‬on, ‫ في‬in), get caught or
stuck (‫ ب‬on, ‫ في‬in); to be attached, affixed,
‫ علج‬III to treat (‫ ه‬s.o., a patient; ‫ هـ‬a disease,
subjoined (‫ ب‬to s.th.); -- (‫‘ علوق‬ulūq, ‫علقة‬
also a subject); to occupy o.s., concern
‘alāqa) to keep (‫ ب‬to s.o.), he attached, be
o.s., have to do, deal (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with s.o., with
devoted (‫ ب‬to s.o.), be fond (‫ ب‬of s.o.);
s.th.), attend, turn (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to
(with foll. imperf.) to begin, commence
cultivate (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a literary genre); to
to ..., start doing s.th.; -- ‘aliqat (‫علوق‬
take up (‫ هـ‬s.th.), go in (‫ هـ‬for s.th.), apply
‘ulūq) to become pregnant, conceive
o.s. (‫ هـ‬to s.th.); to take upon o.s. (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
(woman) II to hang, suspend (‫ على‬or ‫ب ه‬
undergo (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to work (‫ هـ‬s.th. or on
s.th. on), attach, hitch, fasten, affix, tie (‫هـ‬
s.th.), process, treat, manipulate, handle (‫هـ‬
s.th. ‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬to); to leave undecided, keep
s.th.); to endeavor, take pains, try hard (‫ان‬
pending, keep in abeyance (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
or ‫ هـ‬to do s.th.); to palpate, paw, finger,
make dependent or conditional (‫ هـ‬s.th. ‫ب‬
touch (‫ ه‬s.o.), fumble around (‫ ه‬on s.o.); to
or ‫ على‬on); to comment (‫ على‬on s.th.);
influence (‫ ه‬s.o.), work (‫ ه‬upon s.o. by
annotate, gloss, furnish with notes or a
arguments or persuasions), prevail (‫ ه‬on
commentary (‫ على‬s.th.), remark, state (‫على‬
s.o.) │ ‫( عالج الرمَق الخير‬ramaqa) to be on
with regard to); to make notes (‫ هـ‬of s.th.),
the verge of death, be dying; ‫عالجه بطعنة‬
jot down (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ علق المَال على‬to set
(bi-ṭa‘natin) to land a stab on s.o., stab
one’s hopes on; ‫علق اهمية )خطورة( على‬
s.o. VI to be under medical treatment,
(ahammīyatan) to attach importance to
receive or undergo medical treatment VIII
s.th. IV to hang, suspend (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. on),
to wrestle, struggle, fight (with one
attach, hitch, fasten, affix, tie (‫ ب هـ‬s.th.
another); to be in violent commotion or
to); to apply leeches V to hang, be
agitation, heave, surge, tremble
suspended, dangle (‫ ب‬from); to cling,
cleave, adhere (‫ ب‬to); to keep, stick, hang ‫ تعليق‬ta‘līq hanging, suspending;
on (‫ ب‬to); to be attached, be devoted (‫ب‬ temporary stay, remission or abrogation,
to), be fond (‫ ب‬of s.o.); to depend, be suspension; the oblique, “hanging” ductus
dependent or conditional (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬on); to (in Arabic calligraphy); (pl. -āt, ‫تعاليق‬
refer, pertain, belong, ta‘ālīq2) commentary, comment(s),
explanatory remarks; suspended lamp │ ‫تع‬
be related (‫ ب‬to), be connected, have to
‫ ليق الطلق‬t. aṭ-ṭalāq conditional
do (‫ ب‬with), concern (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫تعلق بحبه‬
repudiation, conditional pronunciation of
(bi-ḥubbihī) to be fond of s.o., be
the talak (Isl. Law); ‫( تعليق على النباء‬anbā’)
affectionately attached to s.o.; ‫فيما تعلق ب‬
news commentary (radio) 634
with regard to, as to, regarding,
concerning ‫ تعليقة‬ta‘līqa pl. -āt, ‫ تعاليق‬ta‘ālīq2
marginal note, annotation, note, gloss,
‫‘ علق‬ilq, ‘alq pl. ‫ اعلاق‬a‘lāq precious
scholium
thing, object of value
‫ تعلق‬ta‘alluq attachment, devotion (‫ب‬
‫‘ علق‬alaq (con.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt
to), affection (‫ ب‬for); linkage, connection,
medicinal leech; leech; (coagulated)
relationship (‫ ب‬with)
blood, blood clot
‫ مَعلق‬mu‘alliq commentator (radio,
‫‘ علقة‬alqa (eg.) beating; bastinado; a
press)
thrashing, spanking
‫ مَعلق‬mu‘allaq suspended, hanging; in
‫‘ عليق‬alīq pl. ‫‘ علائق‬alā’iq2 fodder,
suspense, in abeyance, pending,
forage, provender
undecided; hinging (‫ ب‬on); depending,
‫' علق‬ullaiq twining and creeping plants
dependent, conditional (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬on),
or shrubs (of various kinds); the lesser
conditioned (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬by) │ ‫( جسر مَعلق‬jisr)
bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis; bot.;
suspension bridge; ‫ حساب مَعلق‬suspense
common English blackberry, bramble
account; ‫ قاطرات مَعلقة‬suspension railways;
(Rubus fruticosus; bot.); blackberry;
‫ مَسائل مَعلقة‬pending questions; ‫رغبته مَعلقة ب‬
raspberry
(ragbatuhū) his desire is directed toward
‫‘ عليقة‬ullaiqa: ‫‘ عليقة مَوسى‬u. mūsā the …
Burning Bush
‫ مَعلقة‬mu‘allaqa pl. -āt placard, poster,
‫‘ علاق‬allāq cost hanger bill; ‫ المعلقات‬the oldest collection of
‫‘ علاقة‬alāqa attachment, devotion, complete ancient Arabic kasidas
affection, bond; (pl. -āt, ‫‘ علائق‬alā’iq2) ‫ مَتعلق‬muta‘alliq attached, devoted (‫ب‬
relation, affiliation, association, contact, to); connected (‫ ب‬with), related, pertaining
bond, connection (‫ ب‬with) │ ‫العلاقات العامَة‬ (‫ ب‬to), concerning (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.) │ ‫مَتعلق‬
public relations; ‫ ذو علاقة ب‬connected with, ‫( بحبه‬bi-ḥubbihī) affectionately attached to
related to; ‫( السلطات ذات العلاقة‬sulṭāt) the s.o.; ‫ مَن مَتعلقاته‬depending on s.o. or s.th.,
competent authorities; (‫قطع العلاقات )العلئق‬ pertaining to s.o.’s authority
qaṭ‘ al-‘a. severance of relations; ‫توتر‬
‫‘ علقم‬alqam pl. ‫‘ علاقم‬alāqim2 colocynth (bot.) │
(‫ العلاقات )العلئق‬tawattur al-‘a. tenseness of
‫ ذاق العلقم‬to taste bitterness suffer
relations, tension in the relations
annoyance, vexation, chicanery or
‫‘ علاقة‬ilāqa pl. ‫‘ علئق‬alā’iq2 a strap, and torments (‫ مَن‬from)
the like, for suspending s.th.
‫‘ علك‬alaka u i (‘alk) to chew, champ (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
‫‘ علقة‬allāqa coat hanger esp. ‫ اللجام‬the bit, of a horse)
‫ اعلق‬a‘laq2: ‫( اعلق بالذهن‬dihn) that to ‫‘ علك‬ilk mastic
which the mind is more inclined
‫‘ علم‬alima a (‘ilm) to know (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
‫ مَعلاق‬mi‘lāq pl. ‫ مَعاليق‬ma‘ālīq2 pluck (of s.th.), have knowledge, be cognizant, be
an animal) aware (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬of s.th.), be informed (‫ ب‬or
‫ هـ‬about or of s.th.), be familiar, be
acquainted (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬with s.th.); to perceive,
discern (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.), find out (‫ ب‬or ‫هـ‬ au authority, a star, a luminary; proper
about s.th., ‫ مَن‬from), learn, come to know name (gram.) ‫ اشهر مَن نار على علم‬very
(‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th. or about s.th., ‫ مَن‬from); to famous; ‫ اسم العلم‬ismun ‘alamun or ism
distinguish, differentiate (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from) ‘alamin pl. ‫ اسماء العلام‬proper name
II to teach (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ هـ ه‬s.o. s.th.), instruct, (gram.); ‫ علم الوصول‬receipt
brief (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ هـ ه‬s.o. in s.th.); to train. ‫‘ عالم‬ālam pl. -ūn, ‫‘ عوالم‬awālim2 world;
school, educate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to designate, universe, cosmos; ‫ العالمان‬al-‘ālamān the
mark, earmark, provide with a distinctive two worlds = Europe and America; ‫عالمون‬
mark (‫ على‬s.th.); to put a mark (‫ على‬on) IV ‘ālamūn inhabitants of the world, specif.
to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th. or about human beings │ ‫‘ عالم الحيوان‬a. al-ḥayawān
s.th.), tell (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ ه‬s.o. about), notify, the animal kingdom; ‫‘ عالم المعادن‬ā. al-
advise, apprise, inform (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ هـ ه‬s.o. of ma‘ādin the mineral kingdom; ‫عالم النبات‬
or about s.th.). acquaint (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ هـ ه‬s.o. ‘ā. an-nabāt the vegetable kingdom; ‫عالم‬
with) V to learn, study (A s.th.); to know ( ‫ الوجود‬this world, this life
‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to inquire (‫ عن ه‬or ‫ هـ ه‬of s.o.
about), ask, query (‫ عن ه‬or ‫ هـ ه‬s.o. about), ‫‘ عالمي‬ālami worldly, secular, world
inform o.s. (‫ هـ ه‬or ‫ هـ ه‬through s.o. about). (adj.); international; world-wide, world-
gather information (‫ عن ه‬or ‫ هـ ه‬from s.o. famous, enjoying world-wide renown
about) ‫‘ عالمية‬ālamīya internationality;
‫‘ علم‬ilm knowledge, learning, lore; ‘ālimīya see after ‘ālim
cognizance, acquaintance; information; ‫‘ علماني‬almānī, ‫ عالماني‬laic, lay; (pl. -ūn)
cognition, intellection, perception, layman (in distinction from the clergy)
knowledge; (pl. ‫‘ علوم‬ulūm) science; pl. ‫العل‬
‫ وم‬the (natural) sciences │ ‫علما وعمل‬ ‫‘ علم‬alīm pl. ‫‘ علماء‬ulamā’ knowing;
‘ilman wa-‘amalan theoretically and cognizant, informed; learned, erudite; ‫العليم‬
practically; ‫( ليكن في علمه‬li-yakun) be it the omniscient (one of the attributes of
known to him, may he know, for his God)
information; ‫( كان على علم تام ب‬tāmm) to ‫‘ علام‬allām knowing thoroughly (with
know s.th. inside out, be thoroughly foll. genit.: s.th.), completely familiar
familiar with s.th.; to have full cognizance (with)
of s.th.; ‫ علم الجراثيم‬bacteriology; ‫علم الَجتماع‬
sociology; ‫ علم الحساب‬arithmetic; ‫علم الحياة‬ ‫‘ علام‬alāma see ‫( على‬prep.) under ‫علو‬
‘i. al-ḥayāh biology; ‫ علم الحياء‬do.; ‫علم‬ ‫‘ علامَة‬allāma most erudite, very learned
‫‘ الحيوان‬i. al-ḥayawān zoology; ‫علم الخلق‬
‫‘ علامَة‬alāma pl. -āt, ‫‘ علائم‬alā’im2 mark,
ethics; ‫‘ علم الذرات‬i. ad-darrāt nuclear
sign, token; badge, emblem;
physics; ‫‘ علم التربية‬i. at-tarbiya pedagogy;
distinguishing mark, characteristic
‫‘ علم الصحة‬i. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa hygiene; ‫علم الصوات‬
indication,
phonetics; ‫‘ علم المعادن‬i. al-ma‘ādīn
mineralogy; ‫‘ علم اللغة‬i. al-luga syptom │ ‫‘( علامَة هذا‬alāma) in token of
lexicography; ‫‘ علم النباتات‬i. an-nabātāt that, as a sign of that; ‫( علامَة تجارية‬tijārīta)
botany; ‫‘ علم النفس‬i. an-nafs psychology; trade-mark; ‫‘ علامَة الرتبة‬a. rutba insignia of
‫‘ علم وظائف العضاء‬i. w. al-a‘ḍā’ rank; O ‫‘ علامَة التأثر‬a. at-ta’attur and ‫علمَة‬
physiology; ‫ طالب علم‬ṭālib ‘ilm student; ‫كلية‬ ‫‘ التعجب‬a. at-ta‘ajub exclamation point;
‫ العلوم‬kullīyat al-‘u. the Faculty of Science ‫ علمَة الَستفهام‬question mark; O ‫علمَة‬
of the Egyptian University ‫ التنصيص‬quotation mark
‫‘ علمي‬ilmī scientific; erudite (book); ‫‘ عيلم‬ailam tender; (pl. ‫‘ عيالم‬ayālim2)
learned (society) 635 well with abundant water; sea
‫‘ علم‬alam pl. ‫ اعلام‬a‘lām sign, token, ‫ اعلومَة‬a‘lūma pl. ‫ اعاليم‬a‘ālim2 road sign,
mark, badge, distinguishing mark, signpost, guidepost
characteristic; harelip; road sign, signpost, ‫ تعلمَة‬ti‘lāma moot erudite, very
guidepost; flag, banner; a distinguished, learned
outstanding man; an eminent personality,
‫ مَعلم‬ma‘lam pl. ‫ مَعالم‬ma‘ālim2 place, quantity (math.); ‫ المعلوم‬the active voice
abode, locality, spot; track, trace; (gram.); -- (pl. ‫ مَعاليم‬ma‘ālim) fixed sum,
landmark, mark, distinguishing mark, fixed rate (money); fixed income; tax,
characteristic; road sign, signpost, duty; fee; sum, amount, cost(s) │ ‫مَعلوم‬
guidepost; peculiarity, particularity; pl. ‫ الحيوانات‬m. al-ḥayawānāt impost on
sights, curiosities; characteristic traits; livestock (Tun.); -- pl. ‫ مَعلومَات‬ma‘lūmāt
outlines, contours (e.g., of the body), knowledge, lore, learning, perceptions,
lineaments, features (of the face) discoveries, findings; known facts;
information, data; news, tidings
‫ مَعلمة‬ma‘lama pl. -āt encyclopedia
‫ مَعلم‬mu‘allim pl. -ūn teacher, instructor;
‫ تعليم‬ta‘līm pl. -āt, ‫ تعليماتا‬ta‘līm2
master (of a trade, etc.) │ ‫مَعلم الَعتراف‬
information, advice, instruction, direction;
father-confessor, confessor
teaching, instruction; training, schooling,
education; apprenticeship; pl. ‫تعليمات‬ ‫ مَعلمة‬mu‘allima pl. -āt woman teacher,
instructions, directions, directives; woman instructor
information, announcements │ ‫تعليم مَختلط‬ ‫ مَعلم‬mu‘allam taught, instructed,
(muktaliṭ) coeducation; ‫‘( تعليم عال‬ālin) trained, schooled; ‫ مَعلم عليه‬designated,
higher education, academic studies, ‫مَراقب‬ marked │ ‫ مَعلم عليه بالحمر‬marked with red
‫ تعليم‬murāqib t. a military rank, approx.: pencil
master sergeant (Eg. 1939); ‫ صول تعليم‬ṣol t.
do. (Eg.); O ‫ فن التعليم‬fann at-t. pedagogy, ‫ مَتعلم‬muta‘allim apprentice; educated;
pedagogics an educated person
‫ تعليمي‬ta‘līmī instructional, educational ‫‘ علن‬alana u, ‘aluna u (‫‘ علن‬alāniya) to be or
become known, manifest, evident III to
‫ اعلام‬i‘lām notification, advice; indicate, make known, reveal, disclose ( ‫ه‬
information; notice ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.) IV to manifest, reveal,
‫ تعلم‬ta‘allum learning, studying, study; make known (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make public,
education publicize, publish, disclose, declare,
announce, proclaim, promulgate (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
‫ استعلام‬isti‘lām inquiry (‫ عن‬about); (pl.
to state frankly (‫ هـ الى‬to s.o. s.th.); to
-āt) Information │ ‫ مَكتب الَستعلامَات‬maktab
announce (‫ ان‬that); to issue a summons (
al-i. information office, information desk;
‫ الى‬to s.o.); to give notice (‫ عن‬of); to
news agency, press agency, wire service
advertise (‫ عن‬s.th., e.g., the rent or sale of
‫‘ عالم‬ālim knowing; familiar, acquainted s.th. in a newspaper); to give evidence (‫عن‬
(‫ ب‬with), cognizant (‫ ب‬of); expert, of), indicate, show, betray, bespeak (‫عن‬
connoisseur, professional, (pl. 636 ‫علماء‬ s.th.) │ ‫( اعلن الحرب عليه‬ḥarba) to declare
‘ulamā’2) learned, erudite; scholar, savant, war on s.o. VIII = I; :x: - I; to seek to
scientist │ ‫( عالم طبيعي‬ṭabī‘ī) physicist, bring out or to disclose (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bring
natural scientist; ‫العلماء المختصون‬ to light (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
(muktaṣṣūn) the specialists, the experts
‫‘ علنا‬alanan openly, overtly, publicly, in
‫‘ عالمة‬ālima woman of learning, woman public
scholar; (eg.) singer, chanteuse
‫‘ علني‬alanī open, overt, public
‫‘ عالمية‬ālimīya learnedness,
‫‘ علن‬alin open, overt, public; evident,
scholarliness, erudition, rank or dignity of
patent
a ‘ālim; rank of scholarship, conferred by
diploma, of the Great Mosque in Tunis ‫‘ علانية‬alānīya openness, overtness,
and of Al Azhar in Cairo publicness, publicity (as opposed to
secrecy); ‘alāniyatan openly, overtly,
‫ اعلم‬a‘lam2 having more knowledge;
publicly, patently, in public
more learned │ ‫ ا اعلم‬God knows best
‫ اعلان‬i‘lān pl. -āt publication,
‫ مَعلوم‬ma‘lūm known; fixed, determined,
promulgation; revelation, manifestation;
given; of course! certainly! sure! no
proclamation; declaration, statement,
doubt! (as an affirmative reply); known
pronouncement; announcement, notice; o.s. above s.o. or s.th. (‫)على‬, look down (
advertising, publicity (‫ عن‬for); ‫ على‬on s.o. or s.th.); to stay away (‫عن‬
advertisement, ad; poster, bill, placard │ ‫ا‬ from); ‫ تعال‬ta‘āla come (here)! come on!
‫ علان حضور‬i. ḥuḍūr summons; ‫ اعلان الحرب‬i. Let’s go! forward! VIII to rise, lift,
al-ḥarb declaration of war; ‫ اعلان عدم الثقة‬i. ascend, rise aloft; to rise high, tower up; to
‘adam at-tiqa vote of “no confidence”; ‫اعلا‬ mount, ascend, climb, scale (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫( نات مَبوبة‬mubawwaba) classified ads; ‫اعلانا‬ step (up) (‫ هـ‬on s.th.); to be enthroned, be
‫( ت ضوئية‬ḍau’īya) electric signs, sky signs perched (‫ هـ‬on s.th.); to tower (‫ هـ‬above
s.th.); to ascend the throne; to accede to a
‫ مَعلن‬mu‘lin announcer, master of
high office X to rise, to tower (‫ على‬above);
ceremonies (e.g., in a cabaret)
to master (‫ على‬s.th.); to take possession (
‫ مَعلن‬mu‘lan: ‫ مَعلن اليه‬summoned (before ‫ على‬of s.th.), appropriate (‫ على‬s.th.)
a court)
‫‘ عل‬alu: ‫ مَن عل‬min ‘alu from above
‫ )علو‬and ‫‘ على( عل‬alā u (‘ulūw) to be high,
‫‘ علو‬ulūw height, tallness, elevation,
elevated, rise high, loom, tower up; to
altitude; greatness, grandeur, highness,
rise, ascend; to ring out (voice); to heave
exaltedness, sublimity │ ‫‘ علو الصوت‬u. aṣ-
(chest); to be higher or taller (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
ṣaut sound volume, sound intensity; ‫علو‬
than s.o., than s.th.), (over)top (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
‫‘ الكعب‬u. al-ka‘b high, outstanding position
s.o., s.th.), tower (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬over s.o., 637
over s.th.), be located or situated higher ( ‫‘ علوي‬ulwī upper; heavenly, divine │
‫ عن‬or ‫ هـ‬than s.th.); to be attached, fixed or ‫( ارادة علوية‬irāda) supreme will, divine
fastened above or on top of s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to decree
rise (‫ عن‬or ‫ هـ‬above s.th.); to exceed, ‫‘ علوي‬alawī upper; heavenly, celestial;
excel, surpass (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.); to be Alawi (adj. and n.); pl. ‫ العلويون‬the Alawis
too high (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬for s.o., for s.th.); to (official name of the Nusairis inhabiting
overcome, overwhelm (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.), get the coastal district of Latakia in NW
the better of s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to turn upward; to Syria)
ascend, mount, climb, scale (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
overspread, cover (‫ هـ‬s.th.), come, descend ‫‘ على‬ulan height, tallness, elevation,
(‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬upon s.o., upon s.th.), befall, seize (‫هـ‬ altitude; highness, exaltedness,
‫ ه‬, s.o., s.th.) │ ‫ عل به‬to raise s.th. or s.o.; augustness, sublimity; high rank
to exalt, extol s.o.; ‫( علت به السن‬sinnu) be ‫‘ على‬alā (prep.) on, upon, on top of,
bad attained great age, he was an old man; above, over (place, rank); at, on, by; in, in
‫( علا صوته ب‬ṣautuhū) hie voice rang out the state of, in the manner of, in
with ..., he exclaimed ... aloud; -- ‫على‬ possession of; to, toward, for; in addition
‘aliya a (‫‘ علاء‬alā’) to be high, elevated; to to; to the debit of, to the disadvantage of;
excel, stand out, surpass; -- ‫‘ على‬alā i against, in spite of, despite; on the basis
(‘aly) to climb (‫ السطح‬as-saṭḥa to the roof) of, on the strength of, by virtue of, due to.
│ ‫( علا الداة الصدأ‬adāta, ṣada’u) rust has upon; by, through; according to. in
covered the tool; ‫علت وجهه صفرة المَوات‬ accordance with, pursuant to; to (one’s
‘alat wajhahū ṣufrat l-a. deathly pallor taste, one’s mind, one’s liking, etc.);
suffused his face; ‫‘ علته السآمَة‬alathu s- during; (as to syntactical regimen see
sa’āma he was overcome by fatigue; ‫علت‬ under respective verb) │ ‫ مَن على‬from
‫‘ شفتيه رغوة‬alat šafataihi ragwa foam above from upon ..., from the top of …;
appeared on his lips II to raise, raise aloft, ‫( على ان‬an, anna) on the condition that …,
lift, hoist, lift up, elevate, uplift, exalt (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ provided that ...; although, though, albeit;
s.o., s.th.) IV = II │ ‫( اعلى شأنه‬ša’nahū) to ‫( على ان‬anna) (introducing a main clause)
play up, stress, emphasize s.th., put however, but, on the other hand,
emphasis on s.th.; to further, promote, nevertheless, yet, still, ... though; ‫على انه‬
advance s.th.; to raise s.o.’s prestige V to (in the subjective notion or view that …,
rise, become high VI to rise, lift, ascend, i.e.) as, e.g.: ‫جنى ثمرات الرض على انها نعمة‬
rise aloft; to resound, ring out; to be high, 638 ‫ اللهة‬janā tamarāti l-arḍi ‘alā annahā
exalted, sublime (esp. of God); to deem ni‘matu l-āliha he reaped the fruits of the
earth (accepting them) as a boon bestowed don’t give … a thought; ‫ مَا عليه ان‬he
by the grace of the gods; ‫على ظهر الخيل‬ doesn’t care if ; it’s of little importance to
(ẓahr l-kail) on horseback; ‫على ظهر الباخرة‬ him that …; ‫( علي حساب‬ḥisābihī) at his
aboard the steamer; ‫( السلم عليكم‬salāmu) expense; ‫( عليه دين‬dain) he is in debt(s); ‫هو‬
may peace be upon you │ ‫على الرأس والعين‬ ‫( على سنه قوي‬sinnihī qawīy) he bears his
‘alā r-ra’s wa-l-‘ain very gladly! with years well; ‫‘ علم‬alāma wherefore? what
pleasure! ‫ على رؤوس الشهاد‬publicly, for for? why? ‫ استيقظ علي الَذان‬istaiqaẓa ‘alā l-
everyone to see; ‫ جلس على النار‬he was adān he awoke over the call to prayer, he
sitting by the fire; ‫( على يمينه‬yamīnihī) to was awakened by the azan; ‫قيل على لسانه مَا‬
(at) his right; ‫( على كل حال‬kulli) or ‫على كل‬ (qīla, lisānihī) he was supposed to have
(kullin) in any case, at any rate; ‫على‬ said things which …, statements were
‫ الخصوص‬especially, particularly, ascribed to him which ...; ‫( على يده‬yadihī)
specifically; ‫( على الطلق‬iṭlāq) absolutely, through him, by him, at his hand; ‫على ذلك‬
unrestrictedly, without exception, in any in this manner, thus; accordingly, hence; ‫عل‬
respect, under any circumstances; ‫على‬ ‫( ى مَا يقال‬yuqālu) as they say, as it is said;
‫ التقريب‬approximately, almost, nearly, ‫‘ على حسب‬alā ḥasabi (prep.) according to,
about, circa; ‫( على التوالي‬tawālī) in accordance with, commensurate with,
continuously, incessantly, in uninterrupted depending on; ‫‘( علي طوع مَنها‬alā) with her
succession; ‫( على ضوء‬ḍau’i) or ‫على نور‬ obeying, without opposition on her part;
(nūri) in the light of ...; ‫كان على حق‬ ‫ على عادته‬according to his habit, as was his
(ḥaqqin) or ‫ كان على الحق‬to be on the right wont, as he used to do; ‫( علي مَا يقال‬yuqālu)
way, have hit on the right thing, be right; suddenly, all of a sudden, unawares,
‫ كان على الباطل‬or ‫( كان على خطأ‬kaṭa’in) to be unexpectedly; ‫‘( على عهد‬ahdi) at the time
on the wrong way, be wrong, be mistaken; of
‫( هو على احسن مَا يرام‬aḥsani, yurām) he is as ‫‘ علي‬alīy high, tall, elevated: exalted,
well as you can possibly wish (for him); sublime, lofty, august, excellent: ‫ العلي‬the
‫ هو على شيء مَن‬... he has certain ...; ‫هو على‬ Most High, the Supreme (one of the
‫( شيء مَن الذكاء‬dakā’) he has a good deal of attributes of God) │ ‫( الدولة العلية‬daula)
intelligence; ‫ ليس هذا على شيء‬there is name of the old Ottoman Empire
nothing in it, it’s worthless; ‫ليس مَن هذا كله‬
‫ على شيء‬all this is unfamiliar to him; he ‫‘ علية‬ilya (pl. of ‫‘ علي‬alīy): ‫ علية‬,‫علية الناس‬
doesn’t understand a thing about it; ‫كان على‬ ‫ القوم‬upper class, people of distinction,
‫( دين المسيح‬dīni l-m.) to belong to the prominent people 639
Christian religion, be a Christian; ‫كان على‬ ‫‘ علية‬ullīya, ‘illīya pl. ‫‘ عللي‬alālīy
‫‘( علم ب‬ilmin) to be informed about. be upper room, upstairs room
acquainted with ...; ‫ كان على انتظاره‬to wait
for s.o. or s.th.; ‫ على غير شيء‬for no reason; ‫‘ عليون‬illīyūn the uppermoot heaven;
‫ على بصيرة مَن المَر‬in cognizance of the loftiest heights
matter, knowing the matter; ‫على غير مَعلفة‬ ‫‘ علء‬alā’ high rank, high standing,
‫( مَنه‬ma‘rifatin) without his knowing about nobility
it, without his knowledge, unwittingly;
‫ ه( عليك ب‬,‫ هـ‬or) take ...! help yourself to ...! ‫‘ علة‬alāh pl. ‫‘ عل‬alan anvil
make use of ...! ‫( عليك بالصبر‬bi-ṣ-ṣabr) you ‫‘ علياء‬alyā’2 loftiness, exaltedness,
must have patience! ‫ علينا به‬he is the one sublimity, augustness; lofty height;
we must have! ‫‘( علي به‬alayya) bring, give heaven(s) │ ‫ اهل العلياء‬ahl al-‘a. people of
him (or it) to me! I must have him (or it)! highest social standing
‫ عليه ان‬it is incumbent on him to …; it’s his
‫‘ علوة‬ilāwa addition; increase, raise,
duty to ...; he must …, he will have to ...;
extra allowance, subsidy │ ‫علوة على‬
‫ لَ عليك‬don’t worry! ‫ لَ عليه‬never mind! It’s
(‘ilāwata) in addition to
nothing! no harm done! (indicating
forgiveness, indulgence); ‫ مَاعلينا‬what of it! ‫‘ علية‬alāya height, loftiness
what does it matter! let’s forget it! ‫مَا عليك‬ ‫ اعلى‬a‘lā, f. ‫‘ عليا‬ulyā, pl. ‫‘ على‬ulan, ‫اعال‬
‫ مَن‬don’t worry about ..., don’t mind …’ a‘ālin higher, highest; upper, uppermost;
3
‫ اعال‬a‘ālin the highest portion of s.th.; ‫‘ عم‬amma u (‫‘ عموم‬umūm) to be or become
heights, peaks (fig.) │ ‫ اعله‬a‘lāhu further general, universal, common, prevalent,
up, above; ‫ مَذكور اعله‬above-mentioned; comprehensive, all-embracing, to spread,
‫( مَؤتمر )مَنعقد( على اعلى مَستوى‬mu’tamar prevail; -- ‘amma u to comprise, include,
mun‘aqid, mustawan) top-level embrace, encompass, pervade (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
conference; ‫ بأعلى صوت‬bi-a‘lā ṣautin very extend, stretch, be spread, be diffused, be
loud, at the top of one’s voice; ‫سفينة اعالي‬ prevailing (‫ هـ‬all over s.th.) ‫عمت البلوى به‬
‫ البحار‬seagoing vessel; ‫ اعالي النيل‬a. n-nīl the (balwā) it has become a general necessity
upper course of the Nile II to generalize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to spread
universally, universalize, popularize,
‫ مَعال‬ma‘ālin (pl.): ‫ مَعالى المَور‬noble
democratize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
things; ‫ صاحب المعالي‬or ‫ مَعاليه‬ma‘ālīhi His
universally accessible, open (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to
Excellency, ‫ مَعالي الوزير‬His Excellency the
the public at large; to introduce (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
Minister (title of cabinet ministers)
universally; to attire (‫ ه‬s.o.) with a turban
‫ تعلية‬ta‘liya elevation, enhancement, V to put on or wear a turban VIII = V
uplift, exaltation; raising (e.g., of the
‫‘ عم‬amm pl. ‫‘ عموم‬umūm, ‫ اعمام‬a‘mām
voice)
father’s brother, paternal uncle │ ‫ابن العم‬
‫ اعلء‬i‘lā’ elevation, enhancement, 640 ibn al-‘amm cousin on the father’s
uplift, exaltation; raising, lifting │ ‫اعلء‬ side; ‫ بنت العم‬bint al-‘amm female cousin
‫ شأن الشيء‬i. ša’ni š. boosting, furtherance, on the father’s side
promotion, or advancement of s.th.
‫‘ عمة‬amma pl. -āt paternal aunt
‫ اعتلء‬i‘tilā’ ascension (e.g., to the
‫‘ عمة‬imma turban
throne); accession to office (e.g., of a
cabinet minister) ‫‘ عميم‬amīm general, universal, common,
prevalent; all-comprehensive
‫ استعلء‬isti‘lā’ superiority
‫‘ عموم‬umūm generality, universality,
‫‘ عال‬ālin high, tall, elevated; loud,
prevalence; whole, total, totality,
strong (voice); higher (as opposed to
aggregate; ‫ العموم‬the (general) public, the
elementary); lofty, exalted, sublime, high-
public at large; ‫‘ عمومَا‬umūman in general,
ranking, of high standing; excellent, first-
generally │ ‫ خصوصا‬-- ‫ عمومَا‬in general in
class, first-rate, outstanding, of top quality
particular; ‫ علي العموم‬in general, generally;
(commodity) │ ‫ الباب العالي‬the Sublime
‫ بوجه العموم‬bi-wajhi l-‘u. generally
Porte; ‫( ضغط عال‬ḍagṭ) high voltage, high
speaking, in general; ‫‘( في عموم القطر‬u. il-
tension (el.); ‫( تواتر عال‬tawātur) high
quṭr) throughout the country; ‫مَجلس العموم‬
frequency (el.); ‫‘ عاليه‬āliyahū above,
majlis al-‘u. the House of Commons, the
above-mentioned (in letters; esp. in
Lower House; ‘umūm frequently replaces
official and business style); ‫مَذكور بعاليه‬
‫‘ عمومَي‬umūmī in compound terms of
(bi-‘ālīhi) above-mentioned; (eg.) ‫عال العال‬
administrative language, e.g.: ‫جامَعة عموم‬
‘āl al-āl excellent, first-rate, top-quality,
‫ العمال‬j. ‘u. al-‘ummāl general federation of
A-l (merchandise)
labor; ‫ ادارة عموم الجمارك‬General
‫ مَتعال‬muta‘ālin high, elevated, lofty, Administration of Customs and Tariffs
exalted; resounding, ringing; ‫ المتعالي‬the (Eg.); ‫( ديوان عموم المصلحة‬dīwān ‘u. al-
Most High, the Supreme Being (one of the maṣlaḥa) administration headquarters,
attributes of God) chief administration office; ‫ديوان عموم المالية‬
‫علوان = عنون‬ d. ‘u. al-mālīya General Administration of
Finances (Eg.); ‫ تفتيش عموم الري‬t. ‘u. ar-
‫علوان = عنوان‬ riyy General Inspectorate of Irrigation
‫ علاية‬,‫ علياء‬,‫ عليون‬,‫ علية‬,‫ على‬see ‫علو‬ (Eg.); ‫ مَفتش عموم النيل الجنوبي‬mufattiš ‘u. an-
1
nīl al-janūbī Inspector General for the
‫ عم‬abbreviation of the formula ‫عليه السلم‬ Southern Nile (Eg.)
(salāmu) may peace be upon him!
2
‫‘ عمومَي‬umūmī public; universal;
‫‘ عم‬amma = (‫عما )>عن مَا‬ general; common; state, civil, public │
‫( جمعية عمومَية‬jam‘īya) plenary session; support, prop, shore, buttress (641 ‫هـ‬
general assembly; ‫( دار الكتب العمومَية‬dār al- s.th.); to baptize, christen (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to
kutub) public library; ‫ اشغال عمومَية‬public intend, purpose, do intentionally, do on
works; ‫( الصندوق العمومَي‬ṣundūq) public purpose (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to approach (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
treasure with a definite aim in mind; to single out (
‫ هـ‬s.o.), aim (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬at); to be baptized, be
‫‘ عمومَة‬umūma uncleship, unclehood;
christened │ ‫( مَا تعمدها باهانة‬ihāna) he was
pl. of ‫‘ عم‬amm
not out to insult her, he had no intention of
‫‘ عمامَة‬imāma pl. ‫‘ عمائم‬amā’im2 turban offending her VIII = V; to lean (‫على‬
‫ تعميم‬ta‘mīm generalization, against), support one’s weight (‫ على‬on); to
universalization, general propagation or rely, depend (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ه‬on s.o., on s.th.); to
diffusion, popularization, democratization; use as a basis (‫ هـ‬or ‫ على‬s.th.); to employ,
vulgarization use, apply (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a new method); to
confirm (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to sanction, authorize (‫هـ‬
‫‘ عام‬āmm public; universal, prevalent; s.th.); to loan, give on credit (‫ هـ ل‬to s.o. a
general; common │ ‫( المَن العام‬amn) public sum)
security; ‫( مَدير عام‬mudīr) director general,
general manager; ‫( الرأي العام‬ra’y) public ‫‘ عمد‬amd intention, intent, design,
opinion; ‫ الصالح العام‬or ‫المصلحة العامَة‬ purpose; premeditation, willfulness (jur.);
(maṣlaḥa) public welfare, the ‫‘ عمدا‬amdan intentionally, deliberately, on
commonweal; ‫( الخاص والعام‬kāṣṣ) high and purpose; willfully, premeditatedly (jur.) │
low, all men, all, everybody (also ‫العام‬ ‫ شبه العمد‬šibh al-‘a. quasi-deliberate intent
‫)والخاص‬ (Isl. Law)

‫‘ عامَة‬āmma generality; commonalty; ‫‘ عمدي‬amdī intentional, deliberate;


the masses, the people; ‫‘ عامَة‬āmmatan in premeditated, willful (jur.)
general; genera.lly; oommonly, altogether, ‫‘ عمدة‬umda support, prop, shore; main
in ths aggregate, collectively │ -- ‫خاصة‬ subject, main issue, basic issue (e.g., of a
‫( عامَة‬kāṣṣatan) in particular -- in general; controversy); (pl. ‫‘ عمد‬umad) chief of a
‫ عامَة الناس‬the common people, the masses, village, chief magistrate of a small
the populace; ‫( الخاصة والعامَة‬kāṣṣa) high community (eg.); mayor
and low, all men, all, everybody
‫‘ عماد‬imād pl. ‫‘ عمد‬amad support, prop,
‫ العوام‬al-‘awāmm (pl. of ‫‘ عامَة‬āmma) the stay (also fig.); bracket, buttress, post,
common people, the populace; the laity pole, pillar; -- ‘imād baptism
(Chr.)
‫‘ عميد‬amīd pl. ‫‘ عمداء‬umadā’2 support;
‫‘ عامَي‬āmmī common, vulgar, plebeian, head, chief; dean (of a faculty); principal,
ordinary, popular: ordinary person, man in headmaster, director (of a secondary
the street; ‫ العامَية‬al-‘āmmīya popular school); doyen, dean (as, of a diplomatic
language, colloquial language
corps); high commissioner (also ‫العميد‬
‫ مَعمم‬mu‘ammam wearing a turban, ‫)السامَي‬, resident general; military ranks,
turbaned approx. major (Eg. 1939), approx.
4
‫‘ عما‬ammā = ‫عن مَا‬ lieutenant commander (Eg. 1939), approx.
commanding) general (Ir.), lieutenant
‫‘ عمد‬amada i (‘amd) to support, prop, colonel (U.A.R.) │ ‫( عميد ثان‬tānin) a
shore, buttress (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to intend, purpose military rank intermediate between those
(‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to betake o.s., repair, of major and captain, Brit.: adjutant-major
go (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬or A to); to approach, (Eg. 1939); a naval rank intermediate
undertake (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.), go, set (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬ between those of lieutenant commander
about s.th.), proceed, apply o.s., turn, and lieutenant (Eg. 1939)
attend (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to), embark (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬upon);
to take up (‫ الى‬s.th.); to be intent (‫ الى‬on ‫‘ عميدة‬amīda principal, headmistress,
s.th.): -- ‘amada i to baptize, christen (‫ه‬ directress (of a secondary school for girls)
s.o.) II to baptize, christen (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
‫‘ عمود‬amūd pl. ‫ اعمدة‬a‘mida, ‫‘ عمد‬umud ‫ مَعتمدية‬mu‘tamadīya legation (dipl.)
flagpole, shaft (of a standard); pale, post, ‫‘ عمر‬amara u i (‘amr, ‘umr) to live
prop, shore, pier, buttress; lamppost; long, be longevous; -- u i, ‘amura u (‫عمارة‬
(telephone, telegraph) pole; column, pillar, ‘amāra) to thrive, prosper, flourish,
pilaster; stem (of a glass); -- (pl. ‫)اعمدة‬ flower, bloom; to be or become inhabited,
column (of a newspaper); O element, cell peopled, populated, civilized, cultivated;
(el.) │ ‫( العمود الشوكي‬šaukī) the vertebral to be full, filled, filled up; -- ‘mara u to
column, the spine; ‫( العمود الفقري‬faqrī) do.; fill with life, cause to thrive, make
O ‫( عمود كهربائي‬kahrabā’ī) electrode prosperous; to inhabit (‫ هـ‬s.th.), live, dwell
‫‘ عامَود‬āmūd pl. ‫‘ عوامَيد‬awāmīd2 = ‫عمود‬ (‫ هـ‬in s.th.); to fill, pervade (‫ جوانحه‬s.o.’s
‘amūd │ O ‫ عامَود القيادة‬steering column, heart), reign (‫ جوانحه‬in s.o.’s heart); to
steering mechanism (of an automobile) build, erect, construct, raise, rebuild,
reconstruct, restore (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to let (‫ه‬
‫‘ عمودي‬amūdī columnar, pillar-shaped;
s.o.) live, preserve (‫ ه‬s.o.) alive; to prolong
vertical, perpendicular, upright │ ‫طائرة‬
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬life, grant long life (‫ ه‬to s.o.; of
‫ عمودية‬helicopter
God); to populate, people (‫ ه‬s.th.); to
‫ يوحنا المعمدان‬yūḥannā l-ma‘madān John build, erect, construct, raise, rebuild,
the Baptist reconstruct, restore, repair, overhaul,
‫ تعميد‬ta‘mād baptism refurbish, recondition (‫ هـ‬a building); to
provide, furnish, supply, fill (‫ ب هـ‬s.th.
‫ تعمد‬ta‘ammud intention, intent, design; with, e.g., the lamp with oil, the censer
resolution, determination, purpose; ‫تعمدا‬ with charcoal, the goblet with wine); to
ta‘ammudan and ‫ بتعمد‬intentionally, load (‫ هـ‬a gun); to fill (‫ هـ‬a pipe); to fill in (
deliberately, willfully, on purpose, ‫ هـ‬a form, a blank; tun.) │ ‫عمر وقته‬
premeditatedly (waqtahū) to take up, or claim, s.o.’s time
‫ تعمدي‬ta‘ammudī intentional, deliberate, IV to populate, people (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
premeditated, willful perform the ‘umra (q.v.) VIII to visit (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to perform the ‘umra (q.v.) X
‫ اعتماد‬i‘timād reliance, dependence (‫على‬ to settle (‫ في‬s.o. in); to settle, colonize (‫هـ‬
on), confidence, trust (‫ علي‬in); s.th.); to turn (‫ هـ‬a country) into a colony
confirmation; sanction, approbation,
authorization; accreditation (of ‫‘ عمر‬umr (‘amr in oaths) pl. ‫اعمار‬
diplomats); (pl. -āt) credit, loan │ ‫الَعتماد‬ a‘mār life, duration of life, life span,
‫( على النفس‬nafs) self-confidence, self- lifetime; age (of a person) │ ‫لعمري‬
reliance; ‫ كتب الَعتماد‬kutub al-i‘t. or ‫اوراق‬ la-‘amrī upon my life! ‫ لعمر ا‬la-‘amru
‫ الَعتماد‬aurāq al-i‘t. credentials (of llāhi by the everlasting existence of God!
diplomats); ‫( اعتماد اضافي‬iḍāfī) by the Eternal God! ‫ ذات العمرين‬dāt
supplementary loan 642 al-‘umrain amphibian (n.); ‫عمره عشرين سنة‬
(‘išrīna sanatan) he is twenty years old
‫ مَعمودية‬ma‘mūdīya baptism; baptismal
font ‫‘ عمرة‬amra headgear (e.g., turban);
(eg.) repair, repair work
‫ مَعمد‬mu‘ammad baptizee, one receiving
baptism ‫‘ عمرة‬amra pilgrimage to Mecca (the
so-called “minor hadj” which, unlike the
‫ مَتعمد‬muta‘ammid deliberate, hadj proper, need not be performed at a
premeditated, willful; intentional particular time of the year and whose
‫ مَعتمد‬mu‘tamad reliable, dependable; performance involves fewer ceremonies)
object of reliance, support; sanctioned, ‫‘ عمرى‬umrā donation for life (Isl. Law)
approved, authorized; accredited;
commissioner, authorized agent, proxy, ‫‘ عمارة‬amāra (naval) fleet
envoy, representative; commissary, ‫‘ عماارة‬imāra pl. -āt, ‫‘ عمائر‬amā’ir2
commissar │ ‫( المعتمد السامَي‬sāmī) the High building, edifice, structure; real estate,
Commissioner; ‫( مَعتمد قنصلي‬qunṣulī) tract lot; ‫ العمارة‬or ‫ فن العمارة‬fann al-‘i. or
consular agent (dipl.)
‫ هندسة العمارة‬handasat al-‘i. architecture, art an-nafs) obsessed by, possessed by; ‫ام عامَر‬
of building umm ‘āmir hyena (zool.); ‫نهوض عامَر‬
voluptuous bosoms
‫‘ عمران‬umrān inhabitedness, activity,
bustling life, thriving, flourishing, ‫ مَعمور‬ma‘mūr inhabited, populated,
prosperity (as opposed to ‫ خراب‬karāb); populous; ‫ المعمور‬or ‫ المعمورة‬the (inhabited)
populousness and prosperity (of a world │ (‫ في كل انحاء المعمور )المعمورة‬all
country); culture, civilization; building, over the world, throughout the world
edifice, structure ‫ مَعمر‬mu’ammir pl. -ūn colonist
‫‘ عمراني‬umrānī cultural, civilizational; ‫ مَعمر‬mu‘ammar pl. -ūn senior (in
serving, or pertaining to, cultural sports)
development
‫ مَستعمر‬musta‘mir colonial,
‫‘ عمارية‬ammārīya camel-borne sedan imperialistic; settler, colonist; foreign
and the virgin riding in it into battle conqueror, invader; imperialist
‫ اعمر‬a'mGrl more inhabited, more ‫ مَستعمرة‬musta‘mara pl. -āt colony,
populated, more populous; more settlement │ O ‫( مَستعمرة مَستقلة‬mustaqilla)
cultivated, more civilized; more dominion
flourishing, more thriving
‫ اعمش‬a‘maš2 affected with an eye disease,
‫ مَعمار‬mi‘mār builder, architect; mason blear-eyed
643
‫‘ عماص‬umāš (eg.) mucous discharge of the
‫ مَعماري‬mi‘mārī architectonic, eye, rheum
architectural; - (pl. .IIP) builder, architect;
mason │ ‫( مَهندس مَعماري‬muhandis) builder, ‫‘ عمق‬amuqa u (‘umq, ‫‘ عماقة‬amāqa) to be or
architect; ‫( الفن المعماري‬fann) art of become deep, profound II to deepen, make
building, architecture deep or deeper (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV = II V to
penetrate deeply, go deeply (‫ هـ‬or ‫ في‬into
‫ تعمير‬ta‘mīr building, construction, s.th.), become absorbed (‫ هـ‬or ‫ في‬in)
election; restoration, repair, overhauling,
refurbishing, reconditioning; filling, ‫‘ عمق‬amq, ‘umq pl. ‫ اعماق‬a‘māq depth,
filling-up profoundness, profundity; bottom │ ‫مَن‬
‫( اعماق قلبه‬a. qalbihī) from the bottom of
‫ تعميرة‬ta‘mīra filling, fiIling-up his heart, from the depth of his soul; ‫مَن‬
‫ استعمار‬isti‘mār colonizing, ‫( اعماق النفس‬a. in-nafs) do.
colonization, foundation of colonies; ‫‘ عميق‬amīq deep (also of feelings),
imperialistic exploitation; imperialism, profound
colonialism
‫‘ عمل‬amila a (‘amal) to do, act, operate, be
‫ استعماري‬isti‘mārī colonial; colonizer; active, work (also: ‫ في‬in a field); to make,
imperialistic produce, manufacture, fabricate, perform,
‫ استعمارية‬isti‘mārīya imperialism, carry out, execute (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to act (‫ب‬
colonialism according to, in accordance with, on the
strength of, on the basis of); to operate,
‫‘ عامَر‬āmir inhabited; peopled,
put into operation, set going (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
populated, populous; full, filled, filled up;
plan, contrive, seek to accomplish,
jammed, crowded, filled to capacity (‫ب‬
practice, pursue (‫ على‬s.th.), aim, work
with); amply provided, splendidly
away (‫ ل‬or ‫ على‬at), be out, strive (‫ ل‬or ‫على‬
furnished; civilized; cultivated (land);
for), apply o.s. (‫ على‬to), take pains,
flourishing, thriving, prosperous; ‫ العامَر‬is a
endeavor, exert o.s. (‫ على‬to do s.th.), be
frequent epithet of castles, palaces, etc., of
active (‫ على‬in the service of s.th.); to
ruling houses │ ‫( عامَر بالمَل‬amal) full of
process, work, treat (‫ في‬s.th.); to act (‫في‬
hope; ‫‘ عامَر الجيب‬a. al-jaib with a full
upon s.th.), affect (‫ في‬s.th.); (gram.) to
pocket; ‫‘( عامَر الذمَة ل‬ā. ad-dimma) obliged
govern (‫ في‬a syntactical member) │ ‫يعمل به‬
to s.o., committed to s.o.; ‫‘( عامَر النفس‬ā.
(yu‘malu) it is valid, is effective, is in
force (e.g., an ordinance); ‫ عمل ترتيبات‬to belligerent, or warlike, acts, military
make arrangements or preparations; ‫عمل‬ operations; ‫(العمال الربعة‬arba‘a) the first
‫( اعماله‬a‘mālahū) to behave, or act, like four rules of arithmetic; ‫اعمال مَنزلية‬
s.o.; ‫( لَ به يعمل ولَ علي يعول‬yu‘malu, (manzilīya) household chores, household
yu‘awawalu) null and void II to appoint as work; ‫( اعمال يدوية‬yadawīya) handiwork(s),
vicegerent or governor (‫ ه على‬s.o. over, of); manual work; ‫ صاحب العمل‬employer
to fester, suppurate, be purulent (wound) ‫‘ عملي‬amalī work-, working- (in
644 III to apply (‫ ه ب‬toward s.o. s.th.); to compounds); serving practical purposes,
treat (‫ ب ه‬s.o. in a manner), proceed, deal ( practical; applied; ‫‘ عمليا‬amalīyan
‫ ب‬with s.o. in a manner); to trade, do practically, in practice │ ‫الحياة العملية‬
business (‫ ه‬with s.o.) │ ‫ عامَله بالمثل‬bi-l- practical life, workaday life, professional
mitl) to repay s.o. like for like, treat s.o. in life; ‫( المذهب العملي‬madhab) pragmatism;
like manner IV to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) work, put ‫ السياسة العملية‬practical policy, “Realpolitik”
to work, operate, put into operation, bring
to bear, employ, woe (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫ ب‬or ‫اعمل هـ‬ ‫‘ عملية‬amalīya pl. -āt work, job; action,
‫ في‬to putter, or tinker, with s.th. about s.th. activity; making, manufacture, fabrication,
else, work with s.th. on s.th. else │ ‫اعمل‬ production; procedure, method, technique;
‫( الفكر‬fikra) to busy the mind, think, operation (as an action done as part of
reflect, ponder, muse; ‫اعمل السيف في رقابهم‬ practical work; med.; mil.); process │ ‫عملي‬
(saifa) he caused a massacre among them, ‫( ة قيصرية‬qaiṣarīya) Caesarean section
had them massacred V to go to a lot of ‫‘ عملة‬amla evil deed │ ‫ بعملة‬in the very
trouble, take great pains, spend much act, red-handedly, flagrante delicto
effort VI to trade, do business (with one
another); to trade, do business (‫ مَع‬with) ‫‘ عملة‬umla wages, pay; currency;
VIII to work, be active, operate X to apply current money, currency in circulation;
(‫ هـ‬s.th.), use, employ (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to money │ ‫ عملة زائفة‬counterfeit money; ‫عملة‬
put into operation, operate, run (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫( سهلة‬sahla) soft currency; ‫عملة صعبة‬
to place s.o. (‫ )ه‬at the head of s.th. (‫)على‬, (ṣa‘ba) hard currency; ‫ مَزيف العملة‬muzayyif
install, instate (‫ على ه‬s.o. over) │ ‫استعمل مَعه‬ al-‘u. counterfeiter; ‫ تهريب العملة‬currency
‫( وسائل القسوة‬wasā’il l-qaswa) he brought smuggling
severe measures to bear upon him ‫‘ عميل‬amīl pl. ‫‘ عملاء‬umalā’2 (business)
‫‘ عمل‬amal doing, acting, action, representative; agent (also pol.);
activity; work, labor; course of action, commission merchant (com.); customer,
way of acting, practice; achievement, patron; patient; client
accomplishment; activity (‫ على‬for), work ( ‫‘ عمي‬amīla woman customer, woman
‫ على‬in the service of s.th.); making, client
production, manufacture, fabrication;
performance, execution; make, O ‫‘ عميلة‬umaila pl. -āt erg (unit of
workmanship; practical work, practice; -- energy or work; phys.)
(pl. ‫ اعمال‬a‘māl) act, action; operation ‫‘ عمالة‬amāla pl. -āt wages, pay;
(mil.); work, job, chore, labor; deed, feat, brokerage, commission; department,
achievement, exploit; occupation, district, province; (Alg.) prefecture,
business; trade, craft, handicraft; administrative district 645
vicegerency, province, district;
‫‘ عمولة‬amūla brokerage, commission
administrative district (e.g., Eg., Tun.); ‫العم‬
‫ ل ب‬validity, effectiveness of s.th. (e.g., of ‫‘ عمالي‬ummālī labor, workers’ (in
an ordinance, and the like) │ ‫اجراء العمل ب‬ compounds) │ ‫ صحيفة عمالية‬labor organ,
(ijrā’ al-‘a.) enforcement, implementation labor (news)paper
of s.th.; ‫ مَا العمل‬what’s to be done now! ‫ مَعمل‬ma‘mal pl. ‫ مَعامَل‬ma‘āmil2 factory,
what’s there to be done? what can you do? mill; workshop, plant, works,
‫‘( عملا ب‬amalan) in execution of, in establishment; institute; laboratory; pl. َ‫مَعام‬
pursuance of, according to, pursuant to, is ‫ ل‬industrial plant │ ‫ مَعمل البحث‬ma‘mal al-
stipulated by; ‫( اعمال حربية‬ḥarbīya)
baḥt research institute; ‫مَعمل التكرير‬ ‫ مَستعمل‬musta‘mil user
refinery; ‫ مَعمل اللبن‬m. al-laban dairy ‫ مَستعمل‬musta‘mal employed, used also
‫ مَعامَلة‬mu‘āmala pl. -āt treatment; = not new, secondhand); in use applied
procedure; social intercourse, social life, ‫‘ عملق‬imlāq pl. ‫‘ عمالقة‬amāliqa Amalekite;
association (with one another); behavior, gigantic, giant, huge; a giant │ ‫عمالقة البحار‬
conduct (toward others); business; huge ocean liners
transaction; (esp. in pl.) mutual relations,
1
business relations; pl. ‫ مَعامَلات‬handling (of ‫‘ عمن‬ammān = ‫‘ عن مَن‬an man
freight, luggage, etc.) │ ‫( المعامَلة بالمثل‬mitl) 2
‫‘ عمان‬umān Oman, sultanate in SE Arabia
reciprocity (in international trade); ‫شرط‬
‫ مَعامَلة الدول الكثر رعاية‬m. id-duwali l- ‫‘ عماني‬umānī Omani, Oman (adj.)
akaṭari ri‘āyatan most-favored nation 3
‫‘ عمان‬ammān2 Amman (the ancient
clause (dipl.) Philadelphia, capital city of the Hashemite
‫ تعمل‬ta‘ammul affectedness, affectation, Kingdom of Jordan)
finicality, mannerism ‫‘ عمه‬amiha a (‘amah) to wander about, stray,
‫ تعامَل‬ta‘āmul commercial intercourse, rove; to stray (‫ عن‬from)
trade relations, trade, dealings, ‫‘ عمي‬amiya a (‘aman) to be or become blind,
transactions; business transactions (stock lose one’s eyesight; to be blind (‫ عن‬to
exchange); (pl. -āt) O reaction (chem..) s.th.); to be obscure (‫ على‬to s.o.) II to
‫ استعمال‬isti‘māl application, use, blind, render blind (‫ ه‬s.o.); to blindfold (‫ه‬
employment; utilization, exploitation; s.o.); to obscure, render cryptic, enigmatic
operation, handling (e.g., of a machine) │ or mysterious, mystify (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to
‫ سهل الَستعمال‬sahl al-ist. easy to handle; ‫سوء‬ blind, render blind (‫ ه‬s.o.); to blindfold (‫ه‬
‫ الَسعتمال‬sū’ al-ist. abuse, misuse; ‫شائع‬ s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) blind (‫ عن‬to a fact) V
‫ الَستعمال‬in general use, commonly used, to be or become 646 blind, lose one’s
generally accepted; ‫ اساء استعماله‬asā’a eyesight VI to shut one’s eyes (‫ عن‬on
sti‘mālahū to abuse, misuse, misemploy s.th.), pretend not to see (‫ عن‬s.th.); to be
s.th. blind (‫ عن‬to)
‫‘ عامَل‬āmil active; effective; -- (pl. ‫عوامَل‬ ‫‘ عمى‬aman blindness
‘awāmil2) factor, constituent, element, ‫‘ عمية‬amīya ignorance, folly
(causative) agent, motive power; word
governing another in syntactical regimen, ‫‘ عماء‬amā’ heavy clouds
regent (gram.); -- (pl. ‫‘ عمال‬ummāl) maker, ‫‘ عماية‬amāya ignorance, folly
producer, manufacturer; doer, perpetrator,
‫ اعمى‬a‘mā, f. ‫‘ عمياء‬amyā’2, pl. ‫عمي‬
author; worker, workman, workingman,
‘umy or ‫‘ عميان‬umyān blind
laborer; wage earner, employee; governor,
vicegerent, lieutenant; administrative ‫ مَعماة‬ma‘māh pl. ‫ مَعام‬ma‘āmin roadless
officer at the head of a ‘amal (Tun.); (Alg.) desert, roadless area
district president, prefect (of a ‘amala) │ ‫ تعام‬ta‘āmin blindness, (state of)
‫( الجيش العامَل‬jail) the regular, or active, delusion
army; ‫‘( تحت عامَل الغضب‬a. il-gadab) in
wrathful agitation, infuriated; ‫حزب العمال‬ ‫ مَعمى‬mu‘amman pl. ‫مَعميات‬
ḥizb al-‘u. labor party (specif., the Brit. mu‘ammayāt riddle, puzzle
Labour Party); ‫‘( عضو عامَل‬uḍw) active 1
‫‘ عن‬an (prep.) off, away from; from
member (designating the source); out of (a
‫ مَعمول به‬ma‘mūl bihī in force, effective, feeling); about, on (a topic); according to,
valid; in use, applied as attested or declared by, from what ...
says, on the authority of; on the basis of,
‫ المعامَيل‬al-ma‘āmīl the coffee on the strength of; for, in defense of; as a
implements (Bedouin) substitute for; (as to syntactical regimen
‫ مَعامَل‬mu‘āmil O coefficient (math.) see under respective verb) │ ‫عن يمينه‬
(yamīnihī) to (or at) his or its right, at (or ‫‘ عنبري‬anbarī perfumed with
on) his or its right side, to the right of him ambergris; liqueur (also ‫ ;)نبيذ عنبري‬a
or it; ‫( على ارتفاع الف قدم عن سطح البحر‬alfi variety of pigeon
qadamin, saṭḥI l-baḥr) 1000 feet above ‫‘ عنبرة الشتاء‬anbarat aš-šitā’ the severity
see level; ‫( عن طريق‬ṭarīqi) by way of, via; of winter
by means of, through; ‫ اليك عني‬ilaika ‘annī
2
away from me! ‫( عن امَره‬amrihī) by s.o.’s ‫‘ عنبر‬anbar pl. ‫‘ عنابر‬anābir2 storehouse,
order(s). at s.o.’s instigation, on s.o.’s magazine, depot, warehouse; factory hall;
initiative; ‫ عن بصيرة‬consciously, fully hold (of a ship); ward. section (of a
aware of the situation; ‫( عن حسن نية‬ḥusni hospital); quarters (of a ship’s crew);
nīya) in good faith, bona fide; ‫عن حق‬ barrack(s) 647
(ḥaqq) justly, rightly, by rights; ‫عن حوف‬ ‫‘ عنت‬anita a (‘anat) to fall on evil days, come
(kauf) for fear; ‫ عن علم‬,‫‘( عن دراية‬ilm) on to grief, meet with hardship, be in distress,
the basis of sound knowledge, in full suffer adversity; to commit a sin, specif.,
cognizance of the situation; ‫عن سرور‬ commit fornication II to force s.o. (‫ )ه‬to
gladly, happily, joyfully; ‫عن قناعة وجدانية‬ perform a difficult task IV to distress,
(qanā‘atin wijdānīya) out of absolute afflict, harass (‫ ه‬s.o.), bring hardship (‫ه‬
inner conviction; ‫ عن قريب‬or ‫ عن‬,‫عما قريب‬ upon s.o.); to treat s.o. (‫ )ه‬harshly, deal
‫ قليل‬or ‫‘( عما قليل‬ammā) shortly, presently, with s.o. (‫ )ه‬roughly V to cause vexation,
after a (little) while, soon; ‫عن وساطة فلن‬ annoyance or distress (‫ ه‬to s.o.), bring
through the good offices of ...; ‫يومَا عن يوم‬ trouble (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), harass, pre molest (‫ه‬
(yauman) day after day, from day to day; s.o.); to seek to confuse s.o. (‫ )ه‬with
‫( قتلوا عن آخرهم‬qutilū) they were killed to questions; to pick a quarrel, be out for a
the last man; ‫( مَات عن ثمانين سنة‬tamānīna fight (‫ مَع‬with s.o.); to stickle, be
sanataan) he died at the age of eighty; ‫مَات‬ pigheaded, insist stubbornly
‫( عن تركة كبيرة‬tarika) he died leaving a
large fortune ‫‘ عنت‬anal distress, affliction, hardship,
2
misery, adversity; pains, trouble,
‫‘ عن‬anna i u (‘ann, ‫‘ عنن‬anan) to present inconvenience; constraint, coercion
itself, offer itself (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to take shape,
to form, arise, spring up (‫ ل‬in s.o.’s mind), ‫ اعنات‬i‘nāt torment, harassment,
suggest itself (‫ ل‬to s.o.; of an opinion); to molestation, chicanery, constraint,
appear (‫ ل‬to, before) │ ‫ عن له ان‬it occurred coercion
to him that ... ‫ تعنت‬ta‘annut obstinacy, obduracy,
‫‘ عنة‬unna impotence (of the male) pigheadedness, stubborn zeal, stickling
‫‘ عنان‬anān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬clouds ‫ مَتعنت‬muta‘annit obstinate, obdurate,
pigheaded, stubborn
‫‘ عنان‬inān pl. ‫ اعنة‬a‘inna rein(s); bridle
│ ‫( اطلق له العنان‬aṭlaqa, ‘inān) to give free ‫‘ عنتر‬antara to display heroism
rein to s.o. or s.th., give vent to s.th.; ‫جرت‬ ‫‘ عنتر‬antar Antar (the hero of a well-
‫( المَور في اعنتها‬jarat, a‘innatihā) things known romance of chivalry)
took a normal course, developed as
scheduled ‫‘ عنترى‬antarī pl. -īya popular reciter of
the Antar romance
‫‘ عنين‬anīn impotent (male)
‫‘ عنترى‬antarī pl. ‫‘ عناترة‬anātira
‫‘ عنب‬inab (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اعناب‬a‘nāb brassiere; bodice, corsage
grape(s) │ ‫‘ عنب الذئب‬i. ad-di’b black
nightshade (Solanum nigrum; bot.) ‫‘ عنترية‬antarīya Antar, the romance of
Antar, cycle of stories relating the deeds
‫‘ عناب‬unnāb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬jujube of Antar
(Zizyphus vulgaris Lam.; bot.); (its fruit)
jujube ‫‘ عنجهية‬unjuhīya haughtiness, self-importance,
pride
‫‘ عنبر‬anbar ambergris; (pl. ‫عنابر‬
‘anābir2) sperm whale, cachalot (zool.)
‫‘ عند‬anada u i (‫‘ عنود‬unūd), ‘anida a (‘anad) ‫ مَعاندة‬mu‘ānada resistance, opposition;
and ‘anuda u to swerve, deviate, diverge, stubbornness, obstinacy, obduracy,
depart (‫ عن‬from); to resist stubbornly; to pigheadedness, headstrongness,
be headstrong, obstinate, stubborn III to opinionatedness, willfulness, pertinacity
resist or oppose (‫ ه‬s.o., doggedly), offer ‫ مَعاند‬mu‘ānid resisting stubbornly (‫ل‬
(stubborn) resistance (‫ ه‬to s.o.) X to cling s.o., s.th.); stubborn, obstinate, obdurate,
stubbornly (‫ ه‬to s.th.) pigheaded, headstrong, opinionated,
‫‘ عند‬inda (prep.) at, near, by, with, on willful, pertinacious
(of place, time and possession); upon; in ‫‘ عندلة‬andala song of the nightingale
the opinion of, in the view of; ‫ مَن عند‬min
‘indi from; from the home of; away from; ‫‘ عندليب‬andalīb pl. ‫‘ عنادل‬anādil2 nightingale
‫ مَن عنده‬in his turn, for his part; ‫اضاف شيئا‬ ‫‘ عندم‬andam brazilwood, sapanwood (used for
‫ مَن عنده‬he added s.th. of his own; ‫عندها‬ dyeing); red dyestuff
then, at that moment, with these words;
‫‘( على عندي‬indī) against me; ‫( عند البيت‬bait) ‫‘ عندم‬andamī deep-red
near the house, at the house; ‫ عند التحقيق‬to ‫‘ عنز‬anz pl. ‫ اعنز‬a‘nuz, ‫‘ عنوز‬unūz, ‫‘ عناز‬ināz
be exact …, strictly speaking …; ‫عند طلوع‬ goat
‫( الشمس‬ṭ. iš-šams) at sunrise; ‫عندي دينار واحد‬
(‘indī dīnār) I have only one dinar (with ‫‘ عنزة‬anza (n. un.) pl. -āt goat
me); ‫ عند ذلك‬then, thereupon, at that ‫‘ عنزة‬anaza a short spear, iron-tipped at
moment; ‫( مَلوك الرض عند ا تراب‬m. ul-arḍ, its lower end
turāb) the kings of this world are mere
‫‘ عانس‬ānis pl. ‫‘ عوانس‬awānis spinster, old maid
dust in comparison with God; ‫ عندي‬in my
opinion, as I think; ‫ مَا عندك‬what do you ‫‘ عنصر‬unṣur pl. ‫‘ عناصر‬anāṣir2 origin; race,
think? what is your opinion? ‫لم يكن عند رأيهم‬ stock, breed; ethnic element; element
(yakun, ra‘yihim) he was not what they (chem., pol.); component, constituent,
had expected; ‫( كان عند حسن ظنه‬ḥusni ingredient; pl. also: nationalities
ẓannihī) to meet, or be up to, s.o.’s high ‫‘ عنصري‬unṣurī race, racial; ethnic;
expectation; ‫( كان عند حسن الظن به‬ḥusni ẓ- elemental, of or pertaining to the elements
ẓanni) to have a good opinion of s.o.; ‫كان‬ │ ‫( التباغض العنصري‬tabāguḍ) or ‫الحقاد‬
‫( عند نصحه‬nuṣḥihī) to follow s.o.’s advice ‫ العنصرية‬race hatred ‫المسألة العنصرية‬
‫‘ عندمَا‬indamā as soon as, whenever; (mas’ala) the nationality problem, the
when, as problem of ethnic minorities
‫ مَن عندياته‬min ‘indīyātihī sprung from ‫‘ عنصر‬unṣurīya race, nationality; racial
his own mind, his own brain child; of theory
one’s own accord, on one’s own initiative ‫ العنصرة‬al-‘anṣara Whitsuntide;
‫‘ عندئذ‬inda’idin then, at that time; at that Whitsunday, Pentecost (Chr.) │ ‫عيد العنصرة‬
moment, thereupon, then; with that, īd al-‘a. Whitsuntide, Pentecost (Chr.);
thereby Shabuoth, Feast of Weeks, Pentecost
(Jud.)
‫‘ عنيد‬anīd pl. ‫‘ عند‬unud resisting
stubbornly (‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.); stubborn, ‫‘ عنصل‬unṣul pl. ‫‘ عناصل‬anāṣil2 squill,
obstinate, obdurate, pigheaded, sea onion
headstrong, opinionated, willful, ‫‘ عنعنات‬an‘anāt (pl.) traditions
pertinacious
‫ مَعنعن‬mu‘an‘an transmitted, handed
‫‘ عناد‬inād resistance, opposition; down
stubbornness, obstinacy, obduracy,
pigheadedness, headstrongness, ‫ عنف‬II to treat severely, harshly, with rigor (‫ب‬
opinionatedness, willfulness, pertinacity or ‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.), deal with s.o. (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬or
648 ‫ )ه‬roughly; to reprimand, rebuke, censure
sharply, berate, chide, scold (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.)
IV to treat severely, harshly, with rigor (‫ه‬ (‫‘ عنا )عنو‬anā u (‘unūw) to be humble,
s.o.), deal with s.o. (‫ )ه‬roughly submissive, subservient, servile (‫ ل‬toward,
before), be obedient, yield, submit (‫ ل‬to
‫‘ عنف‬unf, ‘anf sternness, severity, rigor;
s.o.), obey (‫ ل‬s.o.); -- u (‫‘ عنوة‬anwa) to
harshness; bluntness, gruffness;
take by force (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- u to be on s.o.’s (
ruggedness, roughness; violence,
‫ )ه‬mind, disquiet, discomfort, worry,
vehemence; fierceness, bitterness,
preoccupy (‫ ه‬s.o.); to concern, affect,
embitterment, toughness; use of force
regard, interest (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫‘ عنيف‬anīf stern, severe, drastic,
‫‘ عنوة‬anwa force, compulsion;
rigorous; harsh, hard; ungentle, rough,
forcibleness, violence; ‘anwatan forcibly,
rude; blunt, gruff; rugged, rough; violent,
by force
vehement; fierce, embittered, tough;
strenuous, exacting, difficult (e.g., ‫ مَعنوي‬see ‫عنى‬
reading) ‫‘ عان‬ānin humble, subservient,
‫‘ عنفوان‬unfuwān vigor, prime, bloom │ submissive, servile, obedient; captive;
‫‘( في عنفوان شبابه‬u. šabābihī) in the prime of miserable, distressed, in trouble
his youth ‫‘ عنون‬anwana to furnish with an
2
‫ اعنف‬a‘naf sterner, severer, harsher, address or title, entitle, address (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
harder, fiercer ‫‘ عنوان‬unwān pl. ‫‘ عناوين‬anāwīn2
‫ تعنيف‬ta‘nīf stern censure, reprimand, address; title, heading; model, epitome;
rebuke sign, token │ ‫ على‬or ‫ عنوانا ل‬in token of
s.th., as a sign of s.th.
‫ عنق‬II to grab by the neck, to collar (‫ ه‬s.o.) III
to embrace, hug (‫ ه‬s.o.); to associate ‫ مَعنون‬mu‘anwan addressed (‫ الى‬to),
closely (‫ ه‬with), attach o.s. closely (‫ ه‬to) inscribed; entitled (‫ ب‬as)
VI to embrace each other VIII to embrace, ‫‘ عنى‬anī i (‫‘ عناية‬ināya) to be on s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind;
hug (‫ ه‬s.o.); to adopt, embrace (‫ هـ‬s.th., to disquiet, discomfort, worry, preoccupy (
esp. a religion or doctrine), be converted ( ‫ ه‬s.o.); to concern, affect, regard, interest (‫ه‬
‫ هـ‬to s.th.), take up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to combine (‫هـ‬ s.o.); -- ‘aniya a (‫‘ عناء‬anā’) to be worried,
with s.th.; chem.); to embrace each other concerned, anxious; to toil, labor, drudge;
‫ عنق‬unuq, unq pl. ‫ اعناق‬a‘nāq neck, -- ‘anī i (‘any) to have in mind (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
nape mean (‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬s.o., s.th. by); ‫ يعني‬ya‘nī or
‫ اعني‬a‘nī that is, i.e.; -- pass. ‘uniya (‫عناية‬
‫‘ عناق‬anāq pl. ‫ اعنق‬a‘nuq, ‫‘ عنوق‬unūq
‘ināya) to worry, be concerned (‫ ب‬about),
she-kid, young she-goat │ ‫‘ عناق الرض‬a.
take an interest (‫ ب‬in); to take care (‫ ب‬of),
al-arḍ caracal, desert lynx (Lynx caracal;
see (‫ ب‬to) II to torment, agonize, distress,
zool.) 649
harass, (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to be preoccupied (‫هـ‬
‫‘ عنقاء‬anqā’2 a legendary bird, griffon with s.th.); to take pains (‫ هـ‬with s.th., in
‫‘ عناق‬ināq embrace, hug, accolade doing s.th.), spend effort (‫ هـ‬on s.th.); to
see to it, make efforts, bear in mind, make
‫ مَعانقة‬mu‘ānaqa embrace, hug, accolade sure (‫ ان‬that); to undergo, incur, endure,
‫ اعتناق‬i‘tināq embracement (of a suffer, sustain, bear (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to suffer (‫هـ‬
religion or doctrine), adoption, acceptance from), be afflicted (‫ هـ‬with) V to toil,
(of a doctrine) labor. drudge VIII to be solicitous (‫ب‬
about, for, of), go to trouble (‫ ب‬for), be
‫‘ عنقود‬unqūd pl. ‫‘ عناقيد‬anāqīd2 cluster, bunch; concerned, anxious (‫ ب‬about), feel
bunch of grapes concern (‫ ب‬for); to take care (‫ ب‬of), care.
‫‘ عنقاش‬inqāš peddler, hawker provide (‫ ب‬for), look (‫ ب‬after), see (‫ ب‬to),
tend (‫ ب‬s.th.), put one’s mind, devote
‫‘ عنكبوت‬ankabūt pl. ‫‘ عناكب‬anākib2 spider │ ‫بيت‬
one’s attention (‫ ب‬to); to attend (‫ ب‬to),
‫ )نسيج( العنكبوت‬bait al-‘a. cobweb, spider
nurse (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th., e.g., a patient)
web
‫‘ عناء‬anā’ pains, trouble, toil, hardship, ‫ مَعتن‬mu‘tanin concerned, solicitous,
difficulty, distress careful, heedful, mindful, thoughtful,
attentive
‫ عناية‬ināya concern; care, solicitude,
providence (‫ ب‬for); care(fulness), ‫‘ عهد‬ahida a (‘ahd) to know (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫هـ‬
painstaking, meticulousness (‫ ب‬in); heed, s.th., e.g., a quality, a trait, ‫ ب‬of
notice, regard, attention (‫ ب‬to); interest (‫ب‬ s.o.), be acquainted, familiar (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
in) │ ‫( العناية اللهية‬ilāhīya) divine with); to observe closely, heed (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
providence; ‫( عناية طبية‬ṭibbīya) medical adhere (‫ هـ‬to s.th.); to attend (‫ هـ‬to), look
care after s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to delegate, entrust, assign,
‫ مَعنى‬ma‘nan pl. ‫ مَعان‬ma‘ānin sense, commit (‫ ب الى‬to s.o., s.th.), vest (‫ ب الى‬in
meaning, signification, import; concept, s.o. s.th.), communion, charge, authorize,
notion, idea, thought; thematic purport empower. entrust (‫ ب الى‬s.o. with, or s.o.
(e.g., of a work of art, as distinguiohed with the task of ...); to impose, enjoin ( ‫ب‬
from its form); a rhetorical, figurative, or ‫ الى‬on s.o s.th., or on s.o. the obligation
allegorical expression; ‫ المعاني‬the good to ...), obligate, commit (‫ ب الى‬s.o. to do
qualities (of a person) │ ‫ اسم مَعنى‬ism s.th.) │ ‫( فيما اعهد‬a‘hadu) to my
ma‘nā abstract noun (gram.); ‫علم المعاني‬ knowledge, as far as I know; ‫عهد ووعد‬
‘ilm al-m. rhetoric; ‫ ذو مَعنى‬significant, (wa‘dahū) to fulfill, or keep, one’s
meaningful, telling, tell-tale; ‫بكل مَعنى الكلمة‬ promise III to make a contract, compact,
bi-kull m. l-kalima in the full sense of the or covenant (‫ على ه‬with s.o. concerning);
word; 650 ‫( لَ مَعنى له‬ma‘nā) meaningless, to promise (‫ على ه‬to s.o. s.th. also ‫ ب‬s.th.);
without meaning; ‫ ومَا في مَعناه‬and the like; to engage, undertake, bind o.s. pledge o.s.
‫( نظرات كلها مَعان‬naẓarāt kulluhā) telling commit o.s. obligate o.s. (‫ على ه‬to s.o. to
glances, glances full of meaning do s.th.) V to advocate, support (s.th.),
stand up (‫ هـ‬for s.th.); to observe, heed,
‫ مَعنوى‬ma‘nawī relating to the sense or
keep in mind (‫ هـ‬s.th.), pay attention, see,
import (of a word or expression; as
attend (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), take care (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to
opposed to ‫ لفظي‬lafẓī); semantic,
care (‫ هـ‬for s.th.), maintain, keep up,
significative, of or pertaining to meaning;
service (‫ هـ‬s.h.); to be liable for the
ideal, ideational, ideative; abstract;
maintenance or upkeep (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to
mental; spiritual (as opposed to material)
assume. take upon o.s. (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
│ ‫( شخص مَعنوى‬šakṣ) artificial,
engage, undertake, bind o.s. pledge o.s.,
conventional, or juristic, person, a body
commit o.s. obligate o.s. (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. to do
corporate as a subject of rights and duties
s.th., also ‫ ان على‬to do s.th.); to promise (‫ب‬
‫ مَعنوبات‬ma‘nawīyāt ideal, immaterial ‫ ل‬to s.o. s.th.) X to exact a written pledge
thing.; morale, spirit (of an army) or commitment (‫ مَن‬from s.o.); to have s.o.
‫ مَعاناة‬mu‘ānāh effort(s) (‫ )مَن‬sign a contract

‫ تعن‬ta‘annin pains, trouble, toil, ‫‘ عهد‬ahd knowledge; acquaintance,


drudgery contact (‫ ب‬with); the well-known, familiar
nature (of s.o.); close observance, strict
‫ اعتناء‬i‘tinā’ providing, solicitude, adherence (to), keeping, fulfillment (of a
concern (‫ ب‬for), attendance (‫ ب‬to), promise); delegation, assignment,
maintenance, nursing, cultivation (‫ ب‬of), committing (‫ الى ب‬of s.th. to s.o.), vesting
care (‫ ب‬of, for), carefulness, painstaking ( (‫ ب الى‬in s.o. of s.th.), commissioning,
‫ ب‬in); attention (‫ ب‬to), interest (‫ ب‬in) charging, entrusting (‫ ب الى‬of s.o. with
‫‘ عان‬ānin miserable, distressed, in s.th.); commission; -- (pl. ‫‘ عهود‬uhūd)
trouble commitment, obligation, liability;
responsibility; pledge, vow; promise;
‫ مَعني‬ma‘nīy concerned, affected; oath; contract, compact, covenant, pact,
interested (‫ ب‬in) treaty, agreement; time, epoch, era │ ‫بعد‬
‫ مَعنى‬mu‘annan (syr.) unmetrical poem ‫ العهد‬bu‘d al-‘a. the fact that s.th. is long
with end rhyme pact, that s.th. belong, to the remote past;
‫ حديث العهد‬recent, late, new, young; ‫قريب‬ ‫‘ عهيد‬ahīd ally, confederate
‫ العهد‬do.; ‫ حديث العهد‬or ‫( حديث عهد ب‬ḥ. ‫ مَعهد‬ma‘had pl. ‫ مَعاهد‬ma‘āhid2 place,
‘ahdin) having adopted or acquired 651 locality (which one had known before or
(s.th.) recently; not long accustomed to which one revisits); public institute or
(s.th.), inexperienced at (s.th.), new at institution; (scientific) institute; seminar │
(s.th.), newly, e.g., ‫حديث عهد بعرس‬ ‫ مَعاهد الذكريات‬m. ad-dikrayāt places fraught
(bi-‘ursin) newly wed, ‫حديث العهد بالولَدة‬ with memories; ‫( مَعهد اصلحي‬iṣlāḥī)
newborn; ‫ كان حديث عهد بأوربا‬he had not reformatory
known Europe until recently; ‫ قديم العهد‬of
an early date, long past, long-standing; ‫قديم‬ ‫ مَعاهدة‬mu‘āhada pl. -āt agreement,
‫ العهد ب‬of long experience in, long arrangement, accord.; alliance, treaty, pact
acquainted with; ‫( قريب عهد ب‬q. ‘ahdin), │ (‫ مَعاهدة السلم )الصلح‬m. as-salām (aṣ-ṣulḥ)
;‫ حديث العهد ب‬,‫قريب العهد ب = حديث عهد ب‬ peace treaty; ‫ مَعاهدة عدم الَعتداء‬m. ‘adam al-
‫( قريب عهد بالفطام‬fiṭām) just weaned. newly i‘tidā’ nonaggression pact
weaned; ...-I,} ¥ <J- for a abort time ‫ تعهد‬ta‘ahhud advocacy, support; care;
(past), of late; recent, late; recently, lately, charge, custody, guardianship, tutelage
the other day; ‫ مَنذ عهد بعيد‬a long time ago; (with foll. genit.: over); care,
‫‘( لَ عهد له‬ahda) not to know s.th.; not maintenance, servicing, upkeep;
having experienced s.th., being assumption, undertaking (‫ ب‬of s.th.); (pl.
unacquainted with ...; ‫عهدنا بهذه المسألة‬ -āt) promise, pledge, commitment,
(‘ahdunā, mas’ala) our long-standing engagement, obligation, liability,
knowledge of this question; ‫ اخذ عهدا عليه‬to contractual duty
exact a promise from s.o., pledge s.o.; ‫قطع‬
‫ عهدا‬to conclude a treaty, make a contract; ‫ مَعهود‬ma‘hūd well-known; ‫ المعهود‬the
to make a promise; ‫ قطع نفسه عهدا على‬to said ..., the … in question
assume an obligation, commit o.s. obligate ‫ مَتعهد‬muta‘ahhid pl. -ūn contractor,
o.s. pledge o.s.; to vow, make a vow (‫ ب‬to entrepreneur; concessionaire │ ‫مَتعهد فني‬
do s.th.); ‫‘ عهد المَان‬a. al-amān (formerly:) (fannī) impresario
an order bestowed by the Bey of Tunis;
‫( عهد المَان المرصع‬muraṣṣa‘) a higher class ‫ مَتعاهد‬muta‘āhid: ‫ المتعاهدان‬the two
of the afore-mentioned order; ‫العهد الجديد‬ contracting parties
the New Testament; ‫ العهد القديم‬the Old ‫‘ عهر‬ahara a (‘ahr, ‘ihr) and ‘ahira a (‘ahar)
Testament; ‫ ولي العهد‬walīy al-‘a. heir- to commit adultery, whore (‫ اليها‬with a
apparent, crown prince; ‫ على عهده‬at or in woman) III = I (‫ ها‬with a woman)
his time; ‫ في عهد فلن‬during s.o.’s lifetime;
‫‘ عهر‬ihr adultery, fornication,
in s.o.’s epoch; ‫ عهده‬his familiar nature or
whoredom; prostitution
manner, his nature as it had always been
known; ‫( ظل كعهده‬ẓalla) he remained as he ‫‘ عهر‬ahr adulterer, whoremonger,
had always been, as everybody used to fornicator
know him; ‫ عهدهم‬the nature or manner that ‫‘ عهارة‬ahāra adultery, fornication,
they know (knew) of him (or of it), that whoredom; prostitution 652
they are
‫‘ عاهر‬āhir committing adultery,
(were) used to; ‫ كعهدهم به‬such as they fornicating, whoring; (pl. ‫‘ عهار‬uhhār)
used to know him; ‫ مَا زلت انت كعهدي بك‬yon adulterer, fornicator, whoremonger; -- (pl.
are still the same! ‫ مَا زال على عهده‬to be ‫‘ عواهر‬awahir2) adulteress; whore, harlot,
unchanged, be as always; ‫طال به العهد‬ prostitute
(‘ahdu) to last, or have lasted, a long time
‫‘ عاهرة‬āhira pl. -āt, ‫‘ عواهر‬awāhir2
‫‘ عهدة‬uhda contractual obligation (Isl. adulteress; whore, harlot, prostitute
Law); responsibility; charge, custody,
guardianship; guaranty │ ‫ في عهدته‬in his ‫‘ عاهل‬āhil pl. ‫‘ عواهل‬awāhil2 sovereign, prince,
care, custody, or charge, entrusted to him; ruler, monarch
‫‘( عهدته له‬uhdatuhū) he is responsible for it ‫‘ عهن‬ihn (colored) wool
‫‘ عواهن‬awāhin2 (pl. of ‫‘ عاهن‬āhin) ‫‘ عيادة‬iyāda) to visit (‫ ه‬a patient), have
limbs, extremities (of the body); palm under treatment (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a physician) │
branches │ ‫( القى )رمَى( الكلم على عواهنه‬alqā, ‫ عاد الى نفسه‬to regain consciousness, come
kalāma) to talk without restraint, ramble to; to take counsel with o.s., hold self-
communion, examine o.s. introspectively,
‫‘ عوج‬awija a (‘awaj) to be crooked,
search one’s soul; ‫عادت المياه الى مَجاريها‬
curved, twisted, tortuous, bent, bowed,
(majārīhā) the situation returned to
stooping; to bend, twist, curve; -- ‫‘ عاج‬āja
normal; ‫ عاد الى رأس أمَره‬ra’s amrihī) to start
u to turn off the road (while traveling); to
s.th. all over again; ‫( عاد ادراجه‬adrājahū) to
stop (over). put up (‫ على‬at, in) II to bend,
retrace one’s steps; to turn back, go back;
crook, curve, twist (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V and IX = I
‫‘( عاد على عقبيه‬aqbaihi), pl. ‫عادوا على اعقابهم‬
‫‘ عوج‬iwaj, ‘awaj crookedness, (a‘qābihim) do.; ‫ لم اعد استطيع صبرا‬lam
twistedness, curvature, bend(ing), a‘ud astatī‘u ṣabran I could not stand it
tortuosity; unevenness; deviation (from any longer; ‫( لم يعد لع طاقة به‬ya‘ud, ṭāqatun)
that which is right) he no longer had any power over it; ‫لم يعد‬
‫‘ عاج‬āj ivory ‫ اليه سبيل‬there is no longer any possibility
for it; ‫ عاد يقول‬he continued (after a pause
‫‘ عاجي‬ājī ivory (adj.) in his speech) II to accustom, habituate,
‫ اعوج‬a‘waj2, f. ‫‘ عوجاء‬aujā’2, pl. (‫عوج‬ condition, inure, season (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ ه‬s.o. to
‘ūj crooked, curved, bent, twisted, s.th.), make s.o. (‫ )ه‬get used (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬to
tortuous, sinuous; stooping, bowed; wry; s.th.) III to return (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to
odd, queer revert, come back, turn again, apply o.s.
anew (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), take up again, resume (‫هـ‬
‫ اععجاج‬i‘wijāj crookedness, twistedness, 653 s.th.); to befall again, seize again (‫ه‬
curvature, bend(ing), tortuosity; s.o.), come again (‫ ه‬over s.o.) IV to cause
unevenness; deviation (from that which is to return, bring back, take back (‫ه هـ الى‬
right); crooked ways s.o., s.th. to); to return, give back, send
‫ مَعوجه‬mu‘awwaja pl. -āt retort (chem.) back (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ الى‬s.o., s.th. to s.o.); to put
back, lay back (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ الى مَحله‬ilā
‫ مَعوج‬mu‘wajj crooked, curved, bent,
maḥallihī in its place); to repeat (‫على هـ‬
twisted, tortuous, sinuous; stooping,
s.th., i.e., words, to s.o.); to reiterate,
bowed; wry; odd, queer
repeat, do again or anew, renew, resume (
(‫‘ عاد )عود‬āda u (‘aud, ‫‘ عود‬auda, ‫ مَعاد‬ma‘ād) ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to re-establish, restore, repair (‫هـ‬
to return, come back (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to); to flow s.th.); to restore (‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. to), make s.th. (
back; to go back. be traceable, be ‫ )هـ‬once more (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to reinstate,
attributable (‫ الى‬to); to revert, redound, reinstall (‫ هـ‬s.o.) │ ‫( اعاد بناء مَسجد‬binā’a
accrue (‫ على‬to); to refer, relate (‫ على‬to); to masjidin) to rebuild a mosque; ‫اعاد ذكريات‬
be due. go back (‫ الى‬to); to fall to s.o.’s ( (dikrayāt) to revive, or reawaken,
‫ )الى‬lot or share, fall in s.o.’s ((‫الى‬ memories; ‫( اعاد طبع الكتاب‬ṭab‘a l-k.) to
bailiwick; to belong, (ap)pertain, be reprint a book; ‫( يعيد القول ويبدأه‬yu‘īdu,
proper (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to); to give up, abandon, yabda’uhū) he keeps talking of it, he
relinquish (‫ عن‬s.th.), withdraw, resign (‫عن‬ continue, to bring up the subject; ‫اعاد النظر‬
from); ‫ عاد ب‬to return with = to lead back, ‫( في‬naẓara) to re-examine, reinvestigate,
bring back, take back, return, reduce, reconsider, check, verify, revise s.th., go
revert s.o. or s.th. (‫ الى‬to); ‫ عاد عليه ب‬to over s.th. or into s.th. again; ‫اعاد النظر في‬
bring about, entail s.th. for s.o s. result in ‫( الدعوى‬da‘wā) to retry the case (jur.) V to
s.th. for s.o., yield, bring in, return s.th. to get used, be accustomed, habituate o.s. (
s.o.; (with predicate adjective or noun in ‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬to s.th.), make a habit (‫ على‬or ‫هـ‬
acc.) to become, grow (into), turn into; of s.th.), be used to doing, be wont to do (
(with foil. imparf. or ‫ )الى‬to resume, renew ‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII = V; X to recall, call
(an activity); (with neg. and foil. imparf.) back (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to reclaim, demand
to do s.th. no more or no longer; with foil. back (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from); to regain, recover,
finite verb) to do s.th. again or anew; -- u ( recuperate, reconquer, fetch back, get
back, retrieve (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to recall, recollect, mabānin house taxes; ‫ عوائد المَلك‬taxes on
call back to one’s mind (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ask real state
s.o. (‫ )ه‬to repeat (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫‘ عادي‬ādī customary, usual, common,
‫‘ عود‬ūd pl. ‫ اعواد‬a‘wād, ‫‘ عيدان‬īdān ordinary, normal, regular; undistinguished,
wood; stick, rod, pole; branch, twig, run-of-the-mill; ordinary, regular (e.g.,
switch; stem, stalk; cane, reed; aloes 654 meeting, as opposed to extraordinary,
(wood); lute (musical instrument); body, special, emergency); simple, plain,
build, physique; strength, force, intensity; ordinary (man); old, ancient, antique; ‫عاديا‬
pl. ‫ اعواد‬full intensity (e.g., of a disease) │ ‫‘ ت‬ādīyāt antiques, antiquities
‫ عود الثقاب‬matchstick, match; ‫عود الصليب‬ ‫‘ عياد‬iyād repetition, reiteration,
peony (Paeonia; bot.); ‫‘ عود الكبريت‬ūd al- recurrence
kibrīt matchstick, match; ‫رخاوة العود‬
rakāwat al-‘ūd weakness of character; ‫‘ عيادة‬iyāda visit (with a patient),
‫ صلب العود‬ṣulb al-‘ūd of robust physique; doctor’s call (on a patient); -- (pl. -āt)
strongly built, husky, sturdy; stubborn, clinic; office (of a physician), consultation
resistant, unbending, unyielding, room (of a physician) │ ‫عيادة خارجية‬
relentless; ‫ صلبة العود‬ṣalābat al-‘ūd (kārijīya) policlinic; outpatient clinic
sternness, severity, hardness, obstinacy, ‫‘ عوادة‬awāda pl. -āt woman lutist
stubbornness, inflexibility, relentlessness; ‫ل‬
‫ دن العود‬ladn al-‘ūd lissome, lithe, of ‫ مَعاد‬ma‘ād return; place to which one
elastic physique; ‫( ثقف عوده‬taqqafa) to returns; (place of) destination; ‫ المعاد‬the
train, educate s.o.; ‫‘( عجم عوده‬ūdahū) to hereafter, the life to come │ ‫المبدأ والمعاد‬
test s.o., put s.o. to the test; ‫كسر عوده‬ (mabda’) the crux, (of a matter), the all-
(‘ūdahū) to break s.o.’s power of important factor (of s.th.)
resistance, crush s.o.’s spirit ‫ تعويد‬ta‘wīd accustoming, habituation,
‫‘ عود‬aud return; reversion; recurrence; conditioning, inurement (‫ على‬to)
recidivism (jur.); repetition, reiteration │ ‫ اعادة‬i‘āda giving back, handing back,
‫ فعله عودا وبدءا‬fa'alahū ‘audan wa bad’an or sending back, return(ing); reinstatement,
‫‘( فعله عوده على بدئه‬audahū) or ‫فعله عودا الى‬ reinstallment; repetition, reiteration;
‫ بدء‬he did or started it all over again resumption; re-establishment, restoration,
‫‘ عودة‬auda return │ ‫ بعودة البريد‬by return repair │ ‫ اعاد البناء‬reconstruction; ‫اعادة‬
mail; ‫ الى غير عودة‬never to return again, ‫ الحقوق‬rehabilitation; ‫ اعادة التسلح‬i. at-
gone forever; good riddance! farewell tasalluḥ rearmament; ‫اعادة الشؤون على مَا‬
forever! ‫ كانت عليه‬restoration of the status quo ante;
‫ اعادة التكوين‬re-formation; ‫( اعادة النظر في‬i.
‫‘ عادة‬āda pl. -āt, ‫‘ عوائد‬awā’id2 habit, an-naẓar) re-examination, reinvestigation,
wont, custom, usage, practice; ‘ādatan reconsideration, revision of s.th.; ‫اعادة النظر‬
usually, customarily, ordinarily, ‫( في دعوى‬da‘wa) retrial of a case (jur.);
habitually; pl. ‫ عوائد‬taxes, duties; charges, ‫ اعادة التنظيم‬reorganization
fees, rates │ ‫ فوق العادة‬extraordinary,
unusual, uncommon; special, ‫ تعود‬ta‘awwud contraction of a habit,
extraordinary, emergency (e.g., meeting); habituation
‫ على عادته‬according to his habit, as was his ‫ اعتياد‬i‘tiyād oontraotion of a habit,
wont, as he used to do; ‫ كسابق العادة‬ka- habituation
sābiqi l-‘ā. as was formerly customary, as
usual; ‫( جرت العادة ب‬jarat il-‘ādatu) to be ‫ اعتيادي‬i‘tiyādī ordinary, common;
customary, usual, common or current, usual, customary, habitual; normal,
prevail, be a common phenomenon, be the regular; plain, simple, ordinary (man)
vogue, have become common practice; ‫ استعادة‬isti‘āda reconquest, recovery,
‫ جرت به عادتهم‬that was their habit, that’s recuperation, regaining, reclamation,
what they used to do; ‫( العادة السرية‬sirrīya) retrieval
onanism, masturbation; ‫‘ عوائد الجمرك‬a. al-
gumruk customs duties; ‫‘ عوائد مَبان‬a.
‫‘ عائد‬ā’id returning, reverting, ‫‘ عياذ‬iyād (act or instance of) taking
recurrent; accruing (profit, merit); refuge │ ‫‘ عياذ ا‬iyāda llāh or ‫العياذ بال‬
belonging, (ap)pertaining, proper (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬ (‘iyāda) God forbid! God save (protect)
to s.o., to s.th.); (pl. -ūn) returning me (us) from that!
emigrant, re-emigrant; (pl. ‫‘ عواد‬uwwād) ‫ مَعاذ‬ma‘ād (act or instance of) taking
visitor (to a sick person); pl. ‫عائدات‬ refuge; refuge, place of refuge, retreat,
revenues │ ‫ عائد الرباح‬net profit, net gain asylum, sanctuary │ ‫ مَعاذ ا‬ma‘āda llāh(i)
‫‘ عائدة‬ā’ida pl. ‫‘ عوائد‬awā’d2 benefit, God forbid! God save (protect) me (us)
profit, advantage, gain (‫ على‬for s.o.) from that!
‫‘ عائدية‬ā’idīya a belonging (to), a being ‫ تعويذ‬ta‘wīd pl. ‫ تعتويذ‬ta‘āwīd2 amulet,
part (of), membership talisman; charm, spell, incantation
‫ مَعود‬mu‘awwad used, accustomed, ‫‘ عور‬awira a (‘awar) to lose an eye, be or
habituated, conditioned, inured, seasoned become one-eyed II to deprive of one eye,
(‫ على‬to); wont (‫ على‬to do s.th.), being in make blind in one, eye (‫ ه‬s.o.); to damage,
the habit (‫ على‬of doing s.th.) mar, spoil (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to gauge (‫ هـ‬measures,
weights), test the accuracy (‫ هـ‬of
‫ مَعيد‬mu‘īd pl. -ūn repetitor, tutor, coach;
measures, of weights) IV to lend, loan (‫هـ ه‬
assistant conducting drill sessions
to s.o. s.th.) VI to alternate, take turns (‫هـ‬
(university)
in s.th.), do by turns, take alternately (‫هـ‬
‫ مَعاد‬ma‘ād: ‫( مَعاد تصديره‬taṣdīruhū) s.th.): to seize, grip, befall, overcome,
forwarded (mail) (alternately, successively) (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَتعود‬muta‘awwid used, accustomed, VIII ‫ اعتور‬i‘tawara to befall, affect
habituated, conditioned, inured, seasoned (alternately, successively) (‫ ه‬s.o.), come
(‫ على‬to); wont (‫ على‬to do s.th.), being in (alternately, successively) (‫ ه‬over s.o.); to
the habit (‫ على‬of doing s.th.) shape, mold, form (‫ هـ‬s.th., said of
heterogeneous influences or factors); to
‫ مَعتاد‬mu‘tād used, accustomed, stand in the way of (‫)هـ‬, hinder (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X
habituated, conditioned, inured, seasoned, to borrow (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from)
(‫ على‬to); wont (‫ على‬to do s.th.), being in
the habit (‫ على‬of doing s.th.); usual, ‫‘ عورة‬aura defectiveness, faultiness,
customary, normal │ ‫ كالمعتاد‬as usual; ‫مَعتاد‬ deficiency, imperfection; -- (pl. -āt)
‫ الجرائم‬habitual criminal pudendum, genitals; weakness, weak spot

(‫‘ عاذ )عوذ‬āda u (‘aud, ‫‘ عياذ‬iyād, ‫ مَعاذ‬ma‘ād) to ‫‘ عوار‬awār, ‘iwār fault, blemish, defect,
seek the protection (‫ مَن ب‬of s.o. from or flaw, imperfection
against), take refuge (‫ مَن ب‬with s.o. from) ‫‘ عوار‬uwwār a variety of swallow
│ ‫ اعوذ بال‬a‘ūdu bi-llāh God forbid! God
‫‘ عير‬īra (eg.) false, artificial (teeth,
save me from that! II to protect (‫ مَن ه‬s.o.
hair)
from or against, by placing him under the
wing ‫ ب‬of s.o. else); to pronounce a charm ‫ اعور‬a‘war2, f. ‫‘ عوراء‬aurā’2, pl. ‫‘ عور‬ūr
or incantation (‫ ه‬over s.o.); to fortify (‫ه‬ one-eyed │ ‫( المعي العور‬ma‘y) caecum,
s.o.) with a charm, incantation or amulet blind gut
IV = II; to place s.o. (‫ )ه‬under God’s ‫ اعارة‬i‘āra lending
protection, pray to God that he guard s.o. (
‫ )ه‬against s.th. 655 V = I; X = I; to protect ‫ اعاري‬i‘ārī: ‫( مَكتبة اعارية‬maktaba)
o.s., make o.s. proof (‫ ب‬by means of) lending library, circulating library
‫‘ عوذ‬aud (act of) taking refuge ‫ تعاور‬ta‘āwur alternation, variation,
fluctuation
‫‘ عوذ‬awad refuge, place of refuge,
retreat, asylum, sanctuary ‫ استعارة‬isti‘āra borrowing; metaphor
‫‘ عوذة‬ūda pl. ‫‘ عوذ‬uwad amulet, ‫ استعاري‬isti‘ārī metaphorical, figurative
talisman; charm, spell, incantation
1
‫‘ عارية‬āriya or ‘ārīya pl. ‫‘ عور‬awārin ‫ غب‬to attack every other day (‫ ه‬,‫ على‬s.o., of
s.th. borrowed, borrowing; loan fever)
‫ مَعير‬mu‘īr lender ‫ غب‬gibb end, outcome, upshot, issue,
effect, result, consequence; gibba (prep.)
‫ مَعار‬mu‘ār lent, loaned
after │ ‫ زاره غبا‬zarahū gibban to visit s.o.
‫ مَستعير‬musta‘īr borrower at intervals; ‫ حمى الغب‬ḥummā l-g. tertian
‫ مَستعار‬musta‘ār borrowed; used fever
metaphorically or figuratively; false, ‫ غبب‬gabab pl. ‫ اغباب‬agbāb dewlap (of
artificial (e.g., hair) │ ‫( اسم مَستعار‬ism) bovines), wattle
pseudonym; ‫ وجوه مَستعار‬masked faces;
‫ مَغبة‬magabba pl. -āt end, outcome,
hypocrites
upshot, issue, effect, result, consequence
2
‫‘ عار‬ārin see ‫عرى‬ 2
‫غب‬gabba u (= ‫‘ عب‬abba u) to gulp down,
‫‘ عوز‬awiza a (‘awaz) to be or become poor, pour down, toss down, drink avidly (‫هـ‬
needy, destitute; -- ‫‘ عاز‬āza u (‘auz) to s.th.)
need, require (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be in want or need
‫ غبة‬gubba swallow, gulp, draught
(‫ هـ‬of s.th.) IV ‫ اعوز‬a‘waza to be or
become poor, needy, destitute │ ‫اعوزه‬ ‫ غبر‬gabara u (‫ غبور‬gubūr) to go by,
‫( الشيء‬šai’u) he lacked the thing, he elapse, pass; to be past, elapsed, bygone II
needed it, he was in want of it to soil, or cover, with dust (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to raise dust │ ‫( غبر في وجهه‬wajhihī) to
‫‘ عوز‬awaz lack, need, want, necessity,
surpass, outstrip, outdo s.o., be superior to
exigency; poverty, neediness, destitution,
s.o. IV = II; V to be dust-covered, be or
indigence, penury
become dusty IX to be dust-colored
‫‘ عوز‬awiz poor, needy, destitute,
‫ غبر‬gabir recrudescent, reopening
necessitous, indigent
(wound)
‫‘ عازة‬āza lack, need, want, necessity,
‫ غبرة‬guhra dust color
exigency; poverty, poorness
‫ غبرة‬gabara dust
‫ اعوز‬a‘waz2 poor, needy, destitute,
indigent, necessitous 656 ‫ غبار‬gubār dust; (pl. ‫ اغبرة‬agbira) dust
cloud │ ‫( لَ غبار عليه‬gubāra) clear, plain,
distinct; unobjectionable, incontestable;
blameless, irreproachable, faultless,
impeccable (morally); ‫ مَا شق غباره‬mā
‫غ‬ šaqqa gubārahū he never quite attained
his (another’s) eminence, he did not
measure up to him; ‫ لَ يشق غباره‬lā yušaqqu
‫ غاباني‬gābānī cashmere, a soft twilled fabric gubāruhū or ‫( لَ يشق له غبار‬yušaqqu) he is
‫ غار‬see ‫غور‬ unsurpassable, he is unequaled;
unsurpassable, unequaled, unrivaled,
‫ غاز‬gāz pl. -āt gas; petroleum, oil (magr.) │ peerless, incomparable; ‫( جرى في غباره‬jarā)
‫( الغازات السامَة‬sāmma) the poison gases to follow s.o. loyally
‫ غازي‬gāzī gaseous, gaslike │ ‫مَياه غازية‬ ‫ اغبر‬agbar2, f. ‫ غبراء‬gabrā’2, pl. ‫غبر‬
carbonated water, mineral water gubr dust-colored; dust-covered, dusty; ‫ال‬
‫( غازوزة‬It. gasosa) gāzūza soda water ‫ غبر‬the earth, the ground; ‫ الغبراء‬the Earth
1
‫ غال‬gāl pl. -āt padlock ‫ اغبرار‬igbirār grudge, rancor,
2
resentment (‫ على‬toward)
‫ الغال‬al-gāl Gaul (country)
‫ غابر‬gābir pl. ‫ غابر‬gawābir2 bygone,
‫ غالي‬gālī Gallic; (pl. -ūn) a Gaul past, elapsed; the past │ ‫ الزمَان الغابرة‬or
‫ غانة‬gāna2, ‫ غانا‬Ghana ‫ القديم الغابر‬old times, ancient times
‫ غبش‬gabaš pl. ‫ اغباش‬agbāš darkness, dark, wronged, injured │ ‫ رجع بصفقة المغبون‬or. ‫عاد‬
duskiness; the twilight before sunrise, last (bi-ṣafqati l-m.) to return empty-handed;
shadows of the night to lose the game
2
‫ غبش‬gabiš dark (night); opaque, not ‫ غباني‬gabānī and ‫ غاباني‬gābānī cashmere, a
transparent soft twilled fabric
‫ غبشة‬gabša twilight (of dawn) (‫ غبو‬and ‫ )غبي‬gahiya a (‫ غباوة‬gabāwa) not to
comprehend (‫ عن‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.), have no
‫ اغبش‬agbaš 2, f. ‫ غبشاء‬gabšā’, pl. ‫غبش‬
knowledge, be ignorant (‫ عن‬or ‫ هـ‬of s.th.);
gubš dark (night); opaque, not transparent
to be unknown, unfamiliar (‫ على‬to s.o.) VI
‫ غباشة‬gabāša weakness of the eyes, to be unaware (‫ عن‬of s.th.)
asthenopia
‫ غبي‬gabīy pl. ‫ اغبياء‬agbiyā’2 unwise,
‫ غبط‬gabaṭa i (gabṭ) to envy (‫ على ه‬s.o. s.th. or unjudicious, ignorant, foolish, stupid; dolt,
for s.th.); pass. gubiṭa to be happy II to numbskull, ignoramus
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) envious; to deem (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ غباء‬gabā’ ignorance, foolishness,
fortunate, call (‫ ه‬s.o.) happy VIII to be 664
stupidity
glad, be delighted, rejoice, exult, be
jubilant (‫ ب‬at, about), be elated (‫ ب‬by); to ‫ غباوة‬gabāwa ignorance, foolishness,
be happy (‫ ب‬about); to be pleased, be stupidity
satisfied (‫ ب‬with) ‫ غبوة‬gabwa riddle, puzzle
‫ غبطة‬gabṭa state of happiness, ‫ اغبى‬agbā stupider, more foolish, more
happiness, exultation, delight, rapture, simple-minded
bliss, felicity; beatitude; title of the
Patriarch (Copt.-Chr.) ‫ صاحب الغبطة‬do.; ‫كان‬ ‫ غت‬gatta u (gatt) to press, choke, throttle (‫ه‬
‫( مَكان غبطة‬maḥalla g.) to be in an enviable s.o.); to dip, plunge, immerse (‫ ه‬,‫ في هـ‬s.o.,
position s.th. in) │ ‫( غت الضحك‬ḍaḥika) to suppress
one’s laughter, bite one’s lip
‫ اغتباط‬igtibāṭ joy, delight, rejoicing,
exultation, triumph, jubilation; happiness, ‫ غث‬gatta i a (‫ غثاثة‬gatāta, ‫ غثوثة‬gutūta) to be or
contentedness, satisfaction, gratification, become lean, meager; -- gatta i (gatt, ‫غثيث‬
pleasure gatīt) to feater, suppurate, discharge pus
(wound)
‫ مَغبوط‬magbūṭ in an enviable position,
happy, lucky, fortunate; blessed, beatified, ‫ غث‬gatt lean, thin, scrawny; meager,
canonized (Chr.) scanty, poor, wretched
‫ مَغتبط‬mugtabiṭ glad, happy, delighted ( ‫ غثيث‬gatīt lean, thin, scrawny; pus,
‫ ب‬at), pleased, satisfied (‫ ب‬with), gratified matter
(‫ ب‬by) ‫ غثاثة‬gatāta leanness, thinness,
1
‫ غبن‬gabana i (gabn) to cheat, dupe, scrawniness
gull, defraud, overreach (‫ في ه‬s.o. in), ‫ غثي‬gatā i to confuse, muddle, jumble, garble (
impose (‫ في‬upon s.o. in) ‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- ‫ غثت نفسه‬gatat nafsuhū (gaty,
‫ غبن‬gabn, gubn pl. ‫ غبون‬gubūn fraud, ‫ غثيان‬gatayān) and ‫( غثيت نفسه‬gatiyat) to
deceit, imposture, swindle; defraudation, feel like vomiting, feel sick, be indisposed
cheating, duping; damage, wrong, ‫ غثي‬gaty nausea, qualmishness,
prejudice │ ‫ غبن فاحش‬criminal fraud (Isl. sickness; indisposition
Law)
‫ غثيان‬gatayān nausea, qualmishness,
‫ غبن‬gaban stupidity sickness; indisposition
‫ تغابن‬tagābun mutual cheating │ ‫يوم‬ ‫ غثاء‬gutā’ scum
‫ التغابن‬yaum at-t. the Day of Resurrection
‫( غجر‬eg.) to scold, use abusive language,
‫ مَغبون‬magbūn deceived, defrauded, curse, swear
cheated, gulled, duped; prejudiced,
‫ غجري‬gajarī pl. ‫ غجر‬gajar gipsy ‫ غدن‬gadan languor, lassitude, flaccidity,
limpness
‫ تغجير‬tagjīr scolding, cursing, abusive
language 665 ‫ غدنة‬gudna languor, lassitude,
flaccidity, limpness
‫ غد‬see ‫غدو‬
‫ غدان‬gidān clothes peg
‫ غدد‬gadad cattle epidemic
‫ مَغدودن‬mugdaudin luxuriant, flowing,
‫ غدة‬gudda pl. ‫ غدد‬gudad gland │ ‫الغدة‬ long (hair)
‫( الدرقية‬daraqīya) thyroid gland; ‫غدة صماء‬
(‫ غدا )غدو‬gadā u (gudūw, gadw, ‫ غدوة‬gadwa) to
(ṣammā) endocrine (or ductless) gland; ‫الغد‬
go (away), leave, come, do, or be, early in
‫( ة الصنوبرية‬ṣanaubarīya) pineal gland; ‫الغدة‬
the morning; to run; to become (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
‫( النكفية‬nakfīya) parotid gland
grow, turn (‫ هـ‬into), come to be (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │
‫ غددي‬gudadī glandular ‫( غدا وراح‬wa-rāḥa) to go back and forth,
‫ غدر‬gadara i u (gadr) to act walk to and fro; to come and go; -- ‫غدي‬
treacherously, perfidiously (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ه‬ gadiya a (‫ غدا‬gadan) to breakfast, have
toward s.o.), doublecross, deceive, betray, breakfast II to give breakfast (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
delude (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) III to leave (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., give lunch (‫ ه‬to s.o.) III to go early in the
s.th.; ‫ الى هـ‬place for), depart (‫ الى هـ‬from a morning (‫ ه‬to s.o.) │ ‫يراوحها ويغاديها‬
place to) yurāwiḥuhā wa-yugādīhā he calls on her
time and again or constantly V to
‫ غدر‬gadr perfidy, breach of faith, breakfast, have breakfast; to lunch, have
betrayal, treason, treachery lunch
‫ غدير‬gadīr pl. ‫ غدر‬gudur, ‫ غدران‬gudrān ‫ غد‬gad the morrow, the following day;
pond, pool, puddle; stream, brook, creek, ‫ غدا‬gadan tomorrow; on a future day,
river sometime in the future │ ‫ مَن غد‬,‫ في غد‬on
‫ غديرة‬gadīra pl. ‫ غدائر‬gadā’ir2 queue, the following day, tomorrow; ‫ في الغد‬do.;
pigtail, braid, plait, tress (of hair) on a future day, sometime in the future; ‫بعد‬
‫ غد‬day after tomorrow; ‫ في ذات غد‬see ‫ذات‬
‫ غدار‬gaddār perfidious, disloyal,
treacherous, traitorous; false, faithless, ‫ غداء‬gadā’ pl. ‫ اغدية‬agdiya breakfast;
deceitful lunch
‫ غدارة‬gaddāra pl. -āt pistol │ ‫غدارة سريعة‬ ‫ غداة‬gadāh pl. ‫ غدوات‬gadawāt early
‫( الطلق‬s. aṭ-ṭalq) submachine gun, Tommy morning; ‫ الغداة‬al-gadāta this morning
gun ‫ غدوة‬gudwa pl. ‫ غدى‬gudan early
‫ غادر‬gādir perfidious, disloyal, morning
treacherous; false, faithless, deceitful ‫ غدوة‬gadwa pl. gadawat lunch; morning
‫ غدفة‬gudfa pl. ‫ غدف‬gudaf headcloth, kerchief errand; ‫( غدواته وروحاته‬rauḥātuhū) all his
goings, his coming and going
‫ غداف‬gudaf raven
‫ مَغدى‬magdan place to which one goes
‫ غدق‬gadiqa a (gadaq) to be copious, be heavy, in the morning │ ‫( مَغدى ومَراح‬wa-marāḥ)
pour down (rain) IV = I; to give an ever frequented place, an aspired goal
bountifully (‫ على‬to s.o.), shower, load ( ‫هـ‬ 666
‫ على‬s.o. with s.th.), bestow liberally (‫هـ على‬
upon s.o. s.th.) ‫ غد‬gadda i (gadd) to fester, suppurate (wound)
IV do.; to hasten, speed, make forced
‫ غدق‬gadiq copious, abundant (water, marches │ ‫( اغد )في( السير‬sair) to ran fast,
rain) hasten, hurry, speed
‫ مَغدق‬mugdiq copious, abundant (water, (‫ غذا )غذو‬gadā u (gadw) to feed (‫ ه ب‬s.o. s.th.),
rain) nourish, nurture (‫ ه ب‬s.o. with) II to feed (
‫ غدن‬XII igdaudana to grow long and ‫ ب ه‬s.o. s.th.), nourish, nurture (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
luxuriantly (hair) with); to provide, supply, furnish, sustain (
‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬s.o. s.th. with), feed, charge, ‫( على )حين( غرة‬ukida) to be surprised, be
replenish (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with) V to be fed (‫ب‬ taken by surprise, be caught unawares
s.th.), be nourished, be nurtured (‫ ب‬with); ‫ غرر‬garar risk, hazard, jeopardy,
to feed, live (‫ ب‬on); to be supplied, be danger, peril
provided, be furnished, be fed (‫ ب‬with,
e.g., with electric power) VIII to be fed, ‫ غرور‬gurūr deception; delusion,
be nourished, be nurtured illusion;: conceit, overweeningness,
snobbery, vanities, trifles, banalities;
‫ غذو‬gadw feeding, nourishment, danger, peril │ ‫ الغرور بنفسه‬self-deception,
alimentation, nutrition, nurture self-delusion
‫ غذاء‬gidā’ pl. ‫ اغذية‬agdiya nourishment, ‫ غرور‬garūr deceptive, delusive,
nutriment, nutrition, nurture, food; pl. fallacious, illusory
foodstuffs, victuals, food
‫ غرير‬garīr deceived, misled, tempted;
‫ غذائي‬gidā’ī alimental, alimentary, (pl. also ‫ اغراء‬agirra, ‫ اغرة‬agirra)
nutritional, nutritious, nutritive │ ‫مَواد‬ inexperienced, naive, ingenuous, gullible
‫( غذائية‬mawādd) foodstuffs, victuals, food,
nutritive substances ‫ غرار‬girār (cutting) edge of a sword;
‫ غرارا‬girāran in a hurry, hastily │ ‫على غرار‬
‫ تغذية‬tagdiya feeding (also techn.), in a hurry, hastily; ‫ على )مَن( غرار‬... like …,
nourishment, alimentation, nutrition, similar to …, in the manner of ..., after the
provisioning, supply, input, charging (e.g., pattern of ...; ‫ على هذا الغرار‬in this manner;
of an electric battery) ‫ على غرار واحد‬after one pattern, in the same
‫ غر‬garra u (‫ غرور‬gurūr) to mislead, deceive, manner, likewise, alike
beguile (‫ ب‬s.o.); to delude, gull, dazzle, ‫ غرار‬garrār deceptive, delusive,
blind (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to deceive, beguile (‫ب‬ fallacious
s.o.); to delude, gull, dazzle, blind (‫ب‬
s.o.); to entice, allure, tempt, seduce (‫ب‬ ‫ غرارة‬garāra inconsiderateness,
s.o.); to expose to danger, endanger, thoughtlessness, beedlessness │ ‫على غرارة‬
imperil (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), risk, jeopardize, in the manner of ..., after the pattern of ...
hazard (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫ غرر بنفسه‬to expose o.s. 667
to danger, risk one’s life VIII to be ‫ غرارة‬girāra pl. ‫ غرائر‬garā’ir2 sack (for
dazzled, blinded, fooled, deluded, misled, straw or grain)
let o.s. be deceived (‫ ب‬by), be mistaken (‫ب‬
in, about); to be or become overweening ‫ اغر‬agar2, f. ‫ غراء‬garrā’2, pl. ‫ غر‬gurr
or conceited X to come unexpectedly (‫ ه‬to having a blaze (horse); beautiful,
s.o.), surprise (‫ ه‬s.o.) handsome; magnanimous, generous;
noble; esteemed, honorable (esp. as a
‫ غر‬garr (cutting) edge of a sword complimentary epithet following the name
‫ غر‬girr pl. ‫ اغرار‬agrār inexperienced, of a newspaper) │ ‫( اغر مَحجل‬muḥajjal)
gullible, new, green; a greenhorn; unique, singular
inattentive, inadvertent, heedless ‫ مَغرور‬magrūr deceived, fooled, misled,
‫ غرة‬gurra pl. ‫ غرر‬gurar white spot on a tempted; deluded, dazzled, blind; vain,
horse’s face, blaze; the best, the finest, the conceited, overweening, snobbish
prime (of s.th.); highlight │ ‫ غرة الشهر‬g. ‫ غرام‬grām pl. -āt gram(me)
aš-šahr the first day of the month; ‫في غرة‬
‫ العام‬at the beginning of the year ‫ غرب‬garaba u (garb) to go away, depart,
absent o.s., withdraw (‫ عن‬from), leave (‫عن‬
‫ غرة‬garra inadvertency, heedlessness, s.o., s.th.); -- garaba u (‫ غروب‬gurūb) to set
inattentiveness, inattention; unguarded (sun, etc.); -- garuba u (‫ غرابة‬garāba) to
moment, moment of inadvertence │ ‫على‬ be a stranger; to be strange, odd, queer,
‫ غرة‬or ‫( على حين غرة‬ḥīni g.) unexpectedly, obscure, abstruse, difficult to comprehend
unawares, inadvertently, surprisingly; ‫اخذ‬ │ ‫ لَ يغرب عنك ان‬you will not have failed to
notice that ..., you are, no doubt, aware (of
the fact) that ..., you know very well that stranger, foreigner, alien; pl. ‫ اغراب‬those
… II to go away, leave, depart, absent o.s.; living abroad, those away from home,
to go westward; to expel from the emigrés │ ‫ غريب الطوار‬whimsical,
homeland, banish, exile, expatriate (‫ ه‬s.o.) capricious, eccentric, cranky; ‫مَادة غريبة‬
│ ‫( غرب وشرق‬wa-šarraqa) to get around in (mādda) foreign body, extraneous
the world, see the world IV to say or do a substance
strange or amazing thing; to exceed the ‫ غريبة‬garība pl. ‫ غرائب‬garā’ib2
proper bounds (‫ في‬in), overdo, exaggerate peculiarity; a strange, striking thing,
(‫ في‬s.th.) │ ‫( اغرب في الضحك‬ḍaḥik) to laugh oddity, curiosity, marvel, prodigy, wonder
noisily or heartily, guffaw V to go to a
foreign country, emigrate; to be (far) away ‫ غروب‬gurūb setting (of the sun of a
from one’s homeland; to become an star)
occidental, become Westernized, be ‫ غرابة‬garāba strangeness, curiousness;
Europeanized; to emigrate o.s., to the oddness, queerness, singularity,
Western way of life VIII to go to a foreign peculiarity 668
country, emigrate; to be (far) away from
one’s homeland X to find (‫ هـ‬s.th.) strange, ‫ اغرب‬agrab2 stranger, more alien;
odd, queer, unusual; to deem (‫ هـ‬s.th.) odder, queerer, more unusual
absurd, preposterous, grotesque; to ‫ مَغرب‬magrib pl. ‫ مَغارب‬magārib2 place
disapprove (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to become an or time of sunset; west, occident; (f.)
occidental, Westernized, be Europeanized; prayer at sunset (Isl. Law); ‫المغرب‬
to assimilate o.s. to the Western way of Maghrib, northwest Africa │ ‫مَغرب الشمس‬
life │ ‫( استغرب في الضحك‬ḍaḥik) to laugh m. aš-šams time of sunset, sunset; ‫بلد‬
noisily or heartily, guffaw ‫ المغرب‬Maghrib, northwest Africa; ‫وشارق‬
‫ غرب‬garb west; occident; vehemence, ‫( الرض ومَغربها‬m. al-arḍ) the entire world; ‫ا‬
violence, impetuosity, tempestuousness; ‫الغ‬ ‫ لمشرقان والمغربان‬al-mašriqān wa-l-m do.; ‫في‬
‫ رب‬the West, the Occident; ‫ غربا‬garban ‫ المغربين والمشرقين‬all over the world,
Westward, toward the West │ ‫ فل غربه‬falla throughout the world
garbahū to subdue s.o., put a damper on ‫ مَغربي‬magribī North African, Maghribi;
s.o.; ‫ غربا بجنوب‬garban bi-janūbin (pl. ‫ مَغاربة‬magāriba) a North African, a
southwestward, toward the southwest Maghribi
‫ غربي‬garbī western, westerly; ‫ مَغربة‬look up alphabetically
occidental, Western; European; an
Occidental, a Westerner; ‫ الغربيون‬al- ‫ تغريب‬tagrīb banishment, expatriation
garbīyūn the Western Church (Chr.) ‫ تغرب‬tagarrub separation from one’s
‫ غربة‬gurba absence from the homeland; native country; emigration; Europeanism,
separation from one’s native country, Occidentalism, Westernism
banishment, exile; life, or place, away ‫ اغتراب‬igtirāb separation from one’s
from home native country; emigration; Europeanism,
‫ غراب‬gurāb pl. ‫( غربان‬girbān, ‫اغرب‬ Occidentalism, Westernism
agrub, ‫ اغربة‬agriba crow; raven; -- ‫ استغراب‬istigrāb wonder, surprise,
occiput; blade (esp. of a hatchet) astonishment, amazement, perplexity
‫ غريب‬garīb pl. ‫ غرباء‬gurabā’2 strange, ‫ غارب‬gārib pl. ‫ غوارب‬gawārib2 withers
foreign, alien, extraneous (‫ على‬or ‫ عن‬to (of the camel, of the horse); pl. wave
s.o.); strange, odd, queer, quaint, unusual, crests │ ‫( ترك )القى( حبله على غاربه‬alqā
extraordinary, curious, remarkable, ḥablahū) to give free rein to s.o. or to s.th.
peculiar; amazing, astonishing, baffling,
‫ مَغرب‬mugarrab expatriated, exiled,
startling, wondrous, marvelous; grotesque;
banished; expatriate, exile
difficult to understand, abstruse, obscure
(language); remote, outlandish, rare, ‫ مَغترب‬muglarib stranger, foreigner,
uncommon (word); (pl. also ‫ اغرب‬agrab) alien; living away from home
‫ مَستغرب‬mustagrib Europeanized, ‫ مَغرز‬magraz pl. ‫ مَغارز‬magāriz2 (eg.)
Westernized prank, practical joke 669
‫ مَستغرب‬mustagrab strange, odd, queer, ‫ غرس‬garasa i (gars) to plant, implant (‫في هـ‬
quaint, unusual, extraordinary, curious, s.th. in); to place, put, set, infix, interpose,
peculiar interpolate, insert (‫ في هـ‬s.th. into) IV to
plant, implant (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VII to be planted,
‫ غربل‬garbala (‫ غربل‬garbala) to sieve, sift,
be implanted; to sink in
riddle (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ غرس‬gars planted; (pl. ‫ اغراس‬agrās, ‫غرا‬
‫ غربال‬girbill pl. .kI pri‫ل‬bll' sieve
‫ س‬girās) plant, layer, cion, nursery plant,
‫ غرابلي‬garābilī pl. -ūn, ‫ غرابلية‬garābilīya seedling
sieve maker, sieve merchant
‫ غرس‬girs pl. ‫ اغراس‬agrās plant, layer,
‫ غرد‬garida a (garad) to sing, twitter (bird), cion, nursery plant, seedling
warble II and V = I
‫ غرسة‬girsa plant
‫ غرد‬garad singing, song, twitter(ing),
‫ غراس‬girās plant; planting time
warbling (of a bird)
‫ غراسة‬girāsa cultivation, growing,
‫ غرد‬gurd pl. ‫ غرود‬gurūd dune, shifting
raising │ (‫ غراسة الزيتون )الزياتين‬g. az-zaitūn
dune
olive growing; ‫ غراسة العنب‬g. al-‘inab wine
‫ غريد‬girrīd singing, twittering, warbling growing; viticulture
(bird)
‫ غريسة‬garīsa pl. ‫ غرائس‬garā’is2 ‫غراس‬
2
‫ اغرودة‬ugrūda pl. ‫ اغاريد‬agārid girās nursery plant, layer, cion, seedling
twittering, warbling, song (of birds)
‫ مَغرس‬magris pl. ‫ مَغارس‬magāris2 place
‫ تغريد‬tagrīd singing, song, twitter(ing), where s.th. is infixed, interposed or
warbling inserted; nursery, plantation, bed
‫ مَغرد‬mugarrid singing, twittering, ‫ مَغارسة‬mugārasa pl. -āt a contract for
warbling (bird) │ ‫ طائر مَغرد‬songbird the lease of an orchard providing that the
‫ غرز‬garaza i (garz) to prick (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with, lessee, who undertakes to cultivate the
e.g., with a needle); to thrush, plunge, orchard, will become owner of one half of
insert, stick, stab, ram, push, bore (‫في هـ‬ it after the orchard has yielded profit
s.th. into); to plant, implant (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. in) II (Tun.)
to throat, plunge, insert, stick, stab, ram, ‫ مَغارسى‬mugārisī pl. -ūn one who
push, bore (‫ في هـ‬s.th. into) IV = II; V to concludes a mugārasa (q.v.) (Tun.)
penetrate deeply (‫ في‬into), pierce (‫ في‬s.th.);
‫ غرش‬girš, gurš pl. ‫ غروش‬gurūš piaster │ ‫غرش‬
to be inserted, be stuck (‫ في‬into) VII to
‫ صاغ‬standard piaster
bore, penetrate (‫ في‬into), pierce (‫ في‬s.th.);
to sink (‫ في‬into) VIII to penetrate deeply ( ‫ غرض‬IV ‫( اغرض الغرض‬garaḍa) to attain the
‫ في‬into), pierce (‫ في‬s.th.); to be inserted, be goal V to take sides, be partial, have a
stuck (‫ في‬into) │ ‫( اغترز السير‬saira) (he put predilection, have a bias (‫ ل‬for)
his foot in the stirrup, ready to depart=) ‫ غرض‬garaḍ pl. ‫ اغراض‬agrāḍ target,
his departure was imminent aim, goal, objective, object; intention,
‫ غرز‬garz leather stirrup design, purpose; object of desire;
(personal, selfish) interest; inclination,
‫ غرزة‬gurza pl. ‫ غرز‬guraz stitch
tendency, propensity; bias, prejudice; pl. ‫ا‬
‫ غريزة‬garīza pl. ‫ غرائز‬garā’iz2 nature, ‫( غراض‬syr.) articles of everyday use,
natural disposition; natural impulse, things, objects, stuff, odds and ends
instinct
‫ غرضي‬garaḍī tendeney- (in
‫ غريزي‬garīzī natural, native, innate, compounds), marked by directional, or
inborn; instinctive purposive, presentation
‫ غريض‬garīḍ pl. ‫ اغاريض‬agārīḍ2 fresh, excessive (‫ في‬in s.th.), carry (‫ في‬s.th.) to
tender excess │ ‫( اغرق في الضحك‬ḍaḥik) to laugh
noisily or heartily, guffaw V to be sunk, be
‫ تغرض‬tagarruḍ prejudice, bias;
foundered X to sink (‫ في‬into sleep, and the
tendentious attitude
like), be immersed (‫ في‬in); to absorb,
‫ مَغرض‬mugriḍ partial, biased, engross, engage wholly, claim completely,
tendentious; -- (pl. -ūn) partial person; fill, take up, occupy (‫هـ‬, s.o., s.th.); to take,
biased person; person guided by personal last (‫ هـ‬a certain time) │ ‫استغرق في الضحك‬
interests (ḍahik) to laugh noisily or heartily, guffaw
‫ غرغر‬gargara (‫ غرغرة‬gargara) to gargle; to XII ‫( اغرورقت عيناه بالدمَوع‬igrauraqat
gurgle; to simmer, bubble (pot) II ‘aināhū) his eyes were bathed in tears
tagargara to gargle; to gurgle │ ‫تغرغرت‬ ‫ غريق‬gariq pl. ‫ غرقى‬garqā drowned; a
‫‘( عينه بالدمَع‬ainuhū bi-d-dam‘) his eyes drowned person; immersed, engrossed,
were bathed in tears absorbed (‫ في‬in)
‫ غرغر‬girgir (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬guinea fowl ‫ غرقان‬garqan drowned
‫ غرغرة‬gargara gargling, gargle, gurgle ‫ تغريق‬tagrīq drowning; sinking,
‫ غرف‬garafa i u (garf) to ladle, spoon, scoop (‫هـ‬ foundering, scuttling (of a ship);
s.th.); to ladle (‫ هـ‬food) from a cooking inundation, flooding
pot, and the like, (into a howl) for serving; ‫ اغراق‬igrāq drowning; sinking,
to serve (‫ هـ‬a meal) VIII to ladle, scoop (‫مَن‬ foundering, scuttling (of a ship);
‫ هـ‬s.th. from or out of) inundation, flooding; exaggeration;
‫ غرفة‬gurfa pl. ‫ غراف‬girāf the amount of excessiveness, exorbitance, immoderation,
water scooped up with one hand; handful; extravagance; hyperbole (rhet.)
-- (pl. -āt, ‫ غرف‬guraf) upstairs room, room ‫ غارق‬gāriq sunk, drowned; immersed,
on an upper floor; room; chamber (= engrossed, absorbed (‫ في‬in) │ ‫غارق في‬
room; as a public body of administration, ‫( الدهشة‬dahša) completely taken aback,
etc.); cabinet; compartment, ward │ ‫غرفة‬ deeply shocked, utterly dismayed
g. al-akl dining room; ‫ غرفة التجارية‬or ‫الغرفة‬
‫ مَغرق‬mugraq immersed, engrossed,
‫ التجاري‬chamber of commerce; ‫غرفة السفرة‬
absorbed (‫ في‬in)
g. as-sufra dining room; ‫ غرفة القيادة‬bridge
(naut.); ‫ غرفة النوم‬g. an-naum bedroom ‫ مَستغرق‬mustagriq immersed, engrossed,
absorbed (‫ في‬in)
‫ غراف‬garraf pl. ‫ غراريف‬garārīf2 (syr.) a
water wheel turned by oxen or horses and ‫ غرلة‬gurla pl. ‫ غرل‬gural foreskin,
used for raising irrigation water from a prepuce
river onto the fields ‫ غرم‬garima a (gurm, ‫ غرامَة‬garāma, ‫مَغرم‬
‫ مَغرفة‬migrafa pl. ‫ مَغارف‬magārif2 large magram) to pay (‫ هـ‬a fine, and the like); to
spoon, ladle, scoop 670 suffer loss II to fine (‫ هـ‬s.o.), impose a fine
(‫ ه‬on s.o.) IV = II; pass, ugrima to be very
‫ غرق‬gariqa a (garaq) to plunge, dive, become
fond, be enamored (‫ ب‬of), be in love, be
immersed, immerge, become submersed,
infatuated (‫ ب‬with) V to be fined, be
submerge, sink, founder (‫ في‬in); to go
mulcted
under, be drowned (‫ في‬in); to be
immersed, be engrossed, be absorbed (‫في‬ ‫ غرم‬gurm damage, loss
in); to be wholly engaged, be loot (‫ في‬in), ‫ غرام‬garām infatuation (‫ ب‬with), love (
be completely taken up (‫ في‬with) II to ‫ ب‬of), passion, ardent desire (‫ ب‬for);
plunge, dip, immerse, submerse (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., penalty, mulct, fine; see also
s.th.); to sink, founder (‫ هـ‬s.th.), drown (‫هـ‬, alphabetically
s.o., s.th.); to inundate, flood (‫ هـ‬s.th.;
‫ السوق‬the market ‫ ب‬with) IV = II; to ‫ غرامَي‬garāmī passionate, impassioned,
exceed the proper bound! (‫ في‬in); to erotic, amorous, amatory, love (used
exaggerate, overdo (‫ في‬s.th.); to be attributively); ‫ غرامَيات‬garāmīyāt amours,
romances, love affairs, amorous incentive, stimulus; enticement,
adventures │ ‫ رسالة غرامَية‬love letter allurement, temptation, seduction
‫ غريم‬garīm pl. ‫ غرمَاء‬guramā’2 debtor; ‫ مَغر‬mugrin enticing, alluring, tempting;
creditor; opponent, adversary, antagonist, inciter, instigator, abettor; tempter, seducer
rival; insulter ‫ مَغريات‬mugriyāt lures, temptations
‫ غريمة‬garīma woman opponent, female 1
‫ غز‬IV to he thorny, prickly; to prick
antagonist, rival
2
‫ غز‬gazza2 Gaza (seaport in S Palestine)
‫ غرامَة‬garāma pl. -āt fine, mulct;
indemnity, compensation, damages; ‫ غزي‬gazzī gauze
reparation, amends, penalty 1
‫ غزر‬gazara u (gazr, ‫ غزارة‬gazāra) to be
‫ مَغرم‬magram pl. ‫ مَغارم‬magārim 2 plentiful, copious, abundant
damage, loss; debt; liability, financial ‫ غزر‬gazr abundance, copiousness,
obligation; fine profusion, plenty, large quantity, lavish
‫ مَغرم‬mugram enamored, (‫ ب‬of), in love, supply
infatuated (‫ ب‬with) ‫ غزير‬gazīr pl. ‫ غزار‬gizār much,
‫ غرين‬garīn (alluvial) mud plentiful, copious, abundant, ample;
densely growing, luxuriantly growing;
‫ غرناطة‬garnāṭa2 Granada (city in S Spain) rich (‫ بغز‬in) │ ‫ غزير المادة‬g. al-mādda well-
‫ غرنوق‬gurnūq pl. ‫ غرانيق‬garānīq2 crane (zool.) informed, learned, well-read; ‫ غزير المواد‬g.
al-mawādd offering a wealth of
‫ غرنيق‬girnīq pl. ‫ غرانيق‬garānīq2 crane
information (book)
(zool.) 671
‫ غزارة‬gazāra abundance, copiousness,
(‫ غرا )غرو‬garā u (gurw) to glue, fix with glue (
profusion, plenty, large quantity, lavish
‫ هـ‬s.th.) II = I; IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) covetous
supply
(‫ ب‬for), prod, spur on, goad, egg on,
2
incite, induce, instigate, abet, urge, impel ( ‫ غزارى‬gazārī a variety of pigeon
‫ ب ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); to entice, allure, ‫ غزل‬gazala i (gazl) to spin (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- gazila a
tempt, seduce (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to); to set (‫ ب ه‬s.o. (gazal) to display amorous behavior (‫ب‬
on), sick (‫ ب هـ‬a dog, etc., on game); to toward a woman), make love (‫ ب‬to a
bring about, cause, produce, provoke (‫هـ‬ woman), court, woo (‫ ب‬a woman), flirt (‫ب‬
s.th.); pass. ugriya to desire ardently, love with a woman); to eulogize in verses (‫ ب‬a
(‫ ب‬s.th.), be attached (‫ ب‬to s.th.) │ ‫اغري‬ woman) III to speak words of love, make
‫‘( العداوة بين‬adāwata) to cause or excite love (‫ ها‬to a woman), court, woo (‫ ها‬a
enmity among … woman), flirt, dally, philander (‫ ها‬with a
‫ لَ غرو‬lā garwa no wonder! it is small woman) V to court, woo (‫ ب‬a woman),
wonder make love (‫ ب‬to a woman), flirt, dally (‫ب‬
with a woman), make eyes (‫ ب‬at a
‫ غرا‬garan glue
woman); to celebrate in love poems (‫ ب‬a
‫ غراء‬girā’ glue woman, also ‫ في‬s.o.); to extol, laud,
‫ غرائي‬girā’ī gluey, glutinous eulogize (‫ ب‬s.th.) VI to flirt (with one
another) VIII to spin (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ غروى‬girawī gluey, glutinous, sticky,
ropy, vicious; colloidal (chem.) ‫ غزل‬gazl spinning; (pl. ‫ غرول‬guzūl)
spun thread, yarn │ ‫ مَصنع الغرل‬maṣna‘ al-
‫ لَ غروى‬garwā no wonder! it is small g. spinning mill
wonder
‫ غزل‬gazal flirt, flirtation, dalliance,
‫ غراية‬garrāya pl. -āt (eg.) glue pot dallying; love; words of love, cooing of
‫ مَغراة‬migrāh glue pot lovers; love poetry, erotic poetry
‫ اغراء‬igrā’ incitement, instigation, ‫ غزلي‬gazalī amorous, amatory, erotic,
inducement, spur, goad, impetus; love (used attributively)
‫ غزال‬gazāl pl. ‫ غرلة‬gizla, ‫ غرلان‬gizlān invader, aggressor, conqueror; ‫ الغازى‬al-
gazelle gāzī the war lord, warrior champion, ghazi
‫ غزال‬gazzāl spinner (of yarn) ‫ غازية‬gāziya pl. ‫ غواز‬gawāzin woman
dancer, danseuse
‫ غزالة‬gazāla female gazelle, doe;
(rising) sun, disk of the sun; pommel of ‫ غس‬guss (sing. and pl.) worthless
the camel saddle ‫ غسق‬gasaq dusk, twilight before nightfall; dark
‫ غزالة‬gazzāla spider 672 of night
‫ مَغزل‬magzil pl. ‫ مَغازل‬magāzil2 spinning ‫ غسل‬gasala i (gasl) to wash (‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬s.o.,
mill s.th. with), launder (‫ ب ه‬s.th. with); to
cleanse, clean (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., the teeth); to
‫ مَغزل‬migzal, mugzal pl. ‫ مَغازل‬magāzil2
purge, cleanse, clear, wash (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ مَن‬of);
spindle │ ‫ ابو مَغازل‬abū m. (eg.) stork
to wash (‫ هـ‬against s.th.) II to wash
‫ مَغازلة‬mugāzala pl. -āt flirt, flirtation, thoroughly (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) VIII to wash
dalliance, dallying (o.s.); to take a bath, bathe; to perform the
‫ تغزل‬tagazzul flirt, flirtation, dalliance, major ritual ablution (i.e., a washing of the
dallying whole body; (Isl. Law)

(‫ غزا )غزو‬gazā u (gazw) to strive (‫هـ‬ ‫ غسل‬gusl pl. ‫ اغسال‬agsāl washing,


for), aspire (‫ هـ‬to); to mean, intend (‫هـ‬ ablution; the major ritual ablution, i.e., a
s.th.); -- gazā u (gazw, ‫ غزوان‬gazawān) to washing of the whole body (Isl. Law);
carry out a military expedition, make a wash water
raid, foray, or incursion, commit ‫ غسل‬gasl wash water
aggression (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬against s.o., against s.th.),
‫ غسلة‬gasla pl. gasalāt (n. vic.) a wash,
attack, assault (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), raid, invade
an ablution
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to conquer (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to
overcome (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) │ ‫غزا السوق‬ ‫ غسيل‬gasīl washed; (dirty or washed)
(sūq) to flood the market (com.) clothes, washing
‫ غزو‬gazw assault, raid, incursion, ‫ غسول‬gasūl wash water; washing agent,
inroad, invasion, attack, aggression; detergent
conquest ‫ غاسول‬gāsūl soap; lye
‫ غزوة‬gazwa pl. gazawāt military ‫ غسال‬gassāl washer, washerman,
expedition, foray; raid, incursion, inroad, laundryman
invasion, attack, aggression; conquest;
campaign of conquest ‫ غسل‬gassāla pl. -āt washerwoman,
laundress; washing machine
‫ غزاوة‬gazāh pl. ‫ غزوات‬gazawāt military
expedition, foray; raid, incursion, inroad, ‫ غسالة‬gusāla dirty wash water, slops
invasion, attack, aggression; conquest; ‫ مَغسل‬magsil, magsala pl. ‫ مَغاسل‬magāsil2
campaign of conquest washing facility, washroom, lavatory;
‫ مَغزى‬magzan pl. ‫ مَغاز‬magāzin sense, washhouse
meaning, signification, import; moral (of a ‫ مَغسل‬migsal washbasin; washbowl,
story); motto; importance, significance, washdish, washtub
moment, consequence │ ‫ مَغزى دقيق‬subtle
meaning; ‫ ذو مَغزى‬dū m. significant ‫ مَغسلة‬magsala pl. ‫ مَغاسل‬magāsil2
washstand
‫ مَغزاة‬magzāh pl. ‫ مَغاز‬magāzin military
expedition, foray, raid; ‫ المغازى‬the military ‫ مَغتسل‬mugtasal washroom, lavatory
campaigns of the Prophet ‫ غش‬gašša u (gašš) to act dishonestly (‫ ه‬toward
‫ غاز‬gāzin pl. ‫ غزاة‬guzāh one who carries s.o.); to deceive, fool, mislead, cheat, gull,
out a military expedition or a foray; raider, dupe (‫ ه‬s.o.); to debase, vitiate, adulterate (
‫ ه‬s.th., esp. food-stuffs) II to act
dishonestly (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to deceive, s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.), call (‫ ه‬on s.o.); to sleep (‫ها‬
fool, mislead, cheat, gull, dupe (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII with a woman); to cover (‫ ها‬the female
and VIII to be deceived, be fooled, be animal); to commit, perpetrate (‫ هـ‬e.g., an
cheated, be duped; to let o.s. be deceived outrage); to yield, give in (‫ هـ‬to a craving);
X to regard (‫ ه‬s.o.) as dishonest or as a -- pass. ‫( غشي عليه‬gušiya) (‫ غشي‬gašy, gušy)
fraud; to suspect (‫ ه‬s.o.) of fraud or to lose consciousness, faint, swoon II to
deception cover, wrap up, envelop, veil (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to spread a cover or wrap (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬over
‫ غش‬gašš adulteration, corruption,
s.o., over s.th.); to overlay, coat, plate (‫هـ‬
debasement; fraud, deceit
s.th.) IV to be dark (night); to spread a
‫ غش‬gišš faithlessness disloyalty, cover or wrap (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬over) V to cover o.s. (
perfidy; deception, deceit; fraud, ‫ ب‬with), wrap o.s. (‫ ب‬in) X ‫استغشي ثيابه‬
imposture, swindle (tiyābahū) to hide one’s head in one’s
‫ غشاش‬gašāš fraud, cheat, swindler, clothes so as not to see or hear
impostor; deceptive, delusive, false ‫ غشي‬gašy, gušy unconsciousness,
‫ مَغشوش‬magšūš deceived, fooled, fainting, swoon(ing)
cheated, duped; adulterated, corrupted, ‫ غشية‬gašya fainting spell, swoon, faint
debased
‫ غشوة‬gašwa veil, wrap, cover, covering
‫ غشم‬gašama i (gašm) to treat unjustly or
‫ غشاء‬gišā’ pl. ‫ اغشية‬agšiya cover,
tyrannically, to wrong, oppress (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
covering, wrap, wrapper, wrapping,
act unjustly or tyrannically (‫ ه‬toward s.o.);
envelope; coating, coat, plating;
to act thoughtlessly, haphazardly (‫ هـ‬in
integument; film, pellicle; membrane;
s.th.) VI to feign ignorance or
valve │ ‫( الغشاء النقى‬anfī) nasal mucosa;
inexperience X to regard (‫ ه‬s.o.) as dumb,
‫ غشاء البكارة‬g. al-bakāra hymen, virginal
stupid, ignorant, or inexperienced ‫ه‬
membrane; ‫( الغشاء المخاطئ‬mukāṭi’) mucous
‫ غشم‬gašm oppression, repression, ill- membrane, mucosa
treatment
‫ غشائي‬gišā’ī: ‫( الخناق الغشائي‬kunāq)
‫ غشوم‬gašūm unjust, unfair, iniquitous, diphtheria (med.)
tyrannical; oppressor, tyrant │ ‫القوة الغشوم‬
‫ غشاوة‬gišāwa, gišāwa veil, wrap, cover,
brute force
covering
‫ غشيم‬gašīm pl. ‫ غشماء‬gušamā’
‫ غشيان‬gašayān, gišyān unconsciousness,
inexperienced, ignorant, foolish, dumb,
faint(ing), swoon(ing)
stupid; new (at an office), green, a
greenhorn; new, boorish, uneducated; ‫ مَغشى‬magšan place at which one
unskilled, untrained, clumsy, awkward, arrives, object of a visit 674
gauche; raw, crude, unprocessed, ‫ غاشية‬gāšiya pl. ‫ غواش‬gawāšin
unworked pericardium; misfortune, calamity,
‫ غشومَة‬gušūma inexperience, disaster; faint, swoon; insensibility,
foolishness stupor; servants, attendants, retinue, suite
‫ غاشم‬gāšim unjust, unfair, iniquitous, ‫ غص‬gaṣṣ (1st peril. perf. gaṣiṣtu) a (
tyrannical; oppressor, tyrant; scum, dross ‫ )غصص‬to be choked; to choke (‫ ب‬on, esp.
│ ‫( قوة غاشمة‬qūwa) brute force on some food); to be overcrowded,
congested, jammed, packed, crammed (‫ب‬
(‫ غشو‬and ‫ غشا )غشي‬gašā u (gašw) to come (‫ ه‬to
with) │ ‫( غص بهم المكان‬makānu) the place
s.o.; ‫ هـ‬to a place); -- ‫ غشي‬gašiya a (‫غشاوة‬
was overcrowded IV to choke (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII
gašāwa) to cover, wrap up, envelop,
to be overcrowded, congested, jammed,
conceal, veil (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to come,
packed, crammed
descend (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), overcome,
overwhelm (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be dark (night); -- ‫ غصة‬guṣṣa pl. -āt, ‫ غص‬guṣaṣ that
gašiya a (‫ غشيان‬gašayān, gišyān) to come which causal choking, a lump in the
(to s.o.; ‫ هـ‬to place); to go to see, visit (‫ه‬ throat; mortal distress, torment, agony,
ordeal, choking sound, suppressed moan s.th., pass over s.th., wink at s.th., pay no
│ ‫ غصة الموت‬g. al-maut agony of death attention to s.th., have no objection to s.th.
‫ غاص‬gāṣṣ replete, crowded, jammed, ‫ غض‬gaḍḍ aversion (of the glance) │
packed, crammed (‫ ب‬with) ‫ غض النظر )الطرف( عنه‬g. an-naẓar (aṭ-ṭart)
overlooking of s.th.; disregarding of s.th.;
‫ غصب‬gaṣaba i (gaṣb) to take away by
‫ بغض النظر عن‬aside from ..., not to speak of
force or illegally, extort (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬,‫ مَن‬,‫ه‬
..., let alone ..., regardless of …,
from s.o.), rob (‫ هـ‬s.th.; ‫ هـ ه‬or ‫ مَن‬or ‫على‬
irrespective of ..., notwithstanding …
s.o. of s.th.), seize unlawfully, usurp (‫هـ‬
s.th.), take illegal possession (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); ‫ غض‬gaḍḍ fresh, succulent, juicy,
to force, compel, coerce (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ على‬to); to tender; lush, luxuriant (plant)
abduct, carry off (‫ ها‬a woman); to rape, ‫ غضة‬guḍḍa shortcoming, deficiency,
ravish, violate (‫ ها‬a woman); to conquer, fault, defect
subdue (‫ على‬s.o.) VIII = I │ ‫اغتصب ابواب‬
‫ البلد‬to force one’s entry into a country ‫ غضيض‬gaḍīḍ fresh, succulent, juicy,
tender
‫ غصب‬igtiṣāb forcible, illegal seizure,
extortion; usurpation, unlawful ‫ غضاضة‬gaḍāḍa freshness, succulence,
arbitrariness (Isl. Law); force, compulsion, juiciness, tenderness; shortcoming,
coercion, constraint │ ‫ غصبا‬gaṣban and ‫بالغ‬ deficiency, fault, defect; blot, stain, 675
‫ صب‬forcibly, by force; ‫ غصبا عنه‬against his disgrace, shame │ ‫ مَا وجد غضاضة في‬to take
will, in defiance of him no offence at …, have no objection to …
‫ اغتصاب‬igtiṣāb forcible, illegal seizure, ‫ غضوضة‬gudūḍa freshness, succulence,
extortion, robbery, illegal appropriation, juiciness, tenderness
usurpation; ravishment, violation, rape (of ‫ غضب‬gaḍiba a (gaḍab) to be or become angry,
a woman); force, compulsion, coercion, cross, mad, vexed, irritated, exasperated,
constraint furious, to fret (‫ مَن‬or ‫ على‬at s.th., with
‫ غاصب‬gāṣib pl. -ūn, guṣṣāb usurper s.o.); to stand up (‫ ل‬for), defend (‫ ل‬s.th.)
III to be cross, be on bad terms (‫ ه‬with
‫ مَغصوب‬magṣūb acquired by unlawful s.o.) IV to annoy, exasperate, anger, make
arbitrariness, extorted, usurped; forced, angry, enrage, infuriate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to vex,
compelled, coerced, constrained irrigate, gall, provoke (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I
‫ مَغتصب‬mugtaṣib violent, outrageous, ‫ غضب‬gaḍab wrath, rage, fury; anger,
brutal; usurper exasperation, indignation; ‫غضبا ل‬
‫ غصن‬II and IV to put forth branches, to branch (gaḍaban) for the protection of
(tree) ‫ غضب‬gaḍib wrathful, angry,
‫ غصن‬guṣn pl. ‫ غصون‬guṣūn, ‫اغصان‬ exasperated, irate, furious, infuriated,
agṣān twig, bough, limb, branch enraged; vexed, annoyed, irritated, galled
‫ غصنة‬guṣna twig, shoot, cion, sprout ‫ غضبة‬gaḍba fit of rage, angry outburst,
tantrum
‫ غض‬gaḍḍa (1st peril. perf. qaḍaḍtu) i and (1st
peril. perf. qaḍiḍtu) a (‫ غضوضة‬guḍūda, ‫ غضوب‬gaḍūb irascible, choleric,
‫ غضاضة‬gaḍāda) to be or become fresh, irritable
succulent, tender (esp. a plant); -- gaḍḍa u ‫ غضباني‬gudābī irascible, choleric,
(gaḍḍ, ‫ غضاضة‬gaḍāḍa) to cast down, irritable; sullen, morose
lower (‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬one’s eyes, one’s glance,
out of modesty, and the like), to lower, ‫ غضبان‬gaḍbān2, f. ‫ غضبى‬gaḍbā, pl. ‫غضا‬
lessen, diminish (‫ مَن‬the value, the prestige ‫ب‬giḍāb, ‫ غضابى‬gaḍabā, guḍabā wrathful,
of s.o. or s.th.), detract, derogate (‫ مَن‬from angry, exasperated, irate, furious,
s.o., from s.th.) │ ‫( غض طرفه‬ṭarfahū) to infuriated, enraged
lower one’s eyes; ‫غض الطرف )النظر( عنه‬ ‫ اغضاب‬igdāb exasperation, infuriation;
(naẓara) to overlook, let pass, disregard vexation, irritation, annoying; provocation
‫ غاضب‬gāḍib wrathful, angry, ‫ غط‬gaṭṭa u (gaṭṭ) to immerse, dip, plunge ( ‫في‬
exasperated, irate, furious, infuriated, ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th. in); -- gaṭṭa i (‫ غطيط‬gaṭīṭ) to
enraged; vexed, annoyed, irritated, galled snore IV to immerse, dip, plunge (‫ ه‬,‫في هـ‬
s.o., s.th. in) VII to be immersed, be
‫ مَغضوب‬magḍūb: ‫ مَغضوب عليه‬object of
dipped, be plunged (‫ في‬in)
anger
‫ غطيط‬gaṭīṭ snoring, snore
‫ غضر‬gaḍara i (gadr) to turn away (‫ عن‬from);
to turn (‫ على‬against s.o. or to s.o.); -- ‫ غطيطة‬guṭaiṭa fog, mist
gaḍira a (gaḍar) to be or become rich, ‫ غطرة‬guṭra designation of the kūfīya, or
abundant, lavish, opulent, lush, luxuriant headcloth worn under the ‘iqāl, in Nejd
‫ غضر‬gaḍir abundant, lavish, opulent, and Bahrein
lush, luxuriant ‫ غطرس‬gaṭrasa to be haughty, arrogant,
‫ غضير‬gaḍīr fresh, green (plant) supercilious, overbearing, snobbish,
conceited, overweening. self-important II
‫ غضارة‬gaḍāra freshness; affluence,
tagaṭrasa do. │ ‫( تغطرس في مَشيته‬mišyatihī)
prosperity, opulence
to display a haughty bearing, swagger,
‫ غضروف‬guḍrūf pl. ‫ غضاريف‬gaḍārīf strut
cartilage, gristle
‫ غطرسة‬gaṭrasa haughtiness,
‫ غضن‬II to wrinkle, pucker, shrivel, fold, crease superciliousness, arrogance, insolence,
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to wink amorously (‫ ها‬at a impudence, snobbishness, conceitedness,
woman) V to wrinkle, shrivel, form, self-importance
creases or corrugations; to be or become
‫ غطريس‬giṭrīs pl. ‫ غطاريس‬gaṭārīs2
wrinkled, creased, folded, corrugated
haughty, supercilious, arrogant,
‫ غضن‬gaḍn, gaḍan pl. ‫ غضون‬guḍūn overbearing, snobbish, conceited,
wrinkle, fold, crease, corrugation; (only overweening, self-important
sg.) trouble, toil, labor, hardship, difficulty
‫ مَتغطرس‬mutagaṭris haughty,
│ ‫ في غضون‬... in the course of, during,
supercilious, arrogant, overbearing,
within; ‫ في غضون‬meanwhile, in the
snobbish, conceited, overweening, self-
meantime
important
‫ غضنفر‬gaḍanfar lion
‫ غطريف‬giṭrīf pl. ‫ غطاريف‬gaṭārīf2, ‫غطارف‬
(‫ )غضو‬IV to close one’s eyes (also with ‫عينيه‬ gaṭārif2, ‫ غطارفة‬gaṭārifa potentate; a noble,
‘ainahū); to overlook, disregard, avoid great, famous man
seeing, condone (‫ هـ‬,‫ عن‬s.th.), let (‫ هـ‬,‫عن‬
‫ غطس‬gaṭasa i (gaṭs) to dip, plunge, immerse,
s.th.) pass, shut one’s eyes (‫ هـ‬,‫ عن‬to s.th.),
submerse (‫ ه‬,‫ في هـ‬s.o., s.th. into water); to
take no notice (‫ هـ‬,‫ عن‬of s.th.); to be
dive, plunge, become immersed, sink,
lenient (‫ عن‬with), have indulgence, show
submerge (‫ في‬in water) II to dip, plunge,
forbearance (‫ عن‬for), wink, connive (‫عن‬
immerse, submerse (‫ ه‬,‫ في هـ‬s.o., s.th. into
at) VI to pretend not to notice; to
water); (Chr.) to baptize (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to dive;
disregard (‫ عن‬s.th.); ‫تغاضى عنه = اغضى عنه‬
to bathe (‫ في‬in)
(‫ على احر مَن جمر الغضى )غضى‬:‫غضا‬
‫ غطس‬gaṭs dipping, plunging,
(aḥarra, jamri l-g.) lit: in a hotter spot
immersion; diving; sinking (trans. and
than the live embers of gaḍā (i.e. a variety
intr.); submersion
of euphorbia), i.e. on pins and needles, in
an unbearable situation ‫ غطاس‬giṭās baptism (Chr.); ‫الغطاس‬
Epiphany (Chr.)
‫ اغضاء‬igḍā’ overlooking, connivance,
condonation, disregard; indulgence, ‫ غطاس‬gaṭṭās diver (man or bird)
forbearance ‫ مَغطس‬magṭis (migṭas) pl. ‫مَغاطس‬
‫ تغاض‬tagāḍin overlooking, connivance, magāṭis2 bathtub; plunge bath │ ‫عيد المغطس‬
condonation, disregard; indulgence, ‘īd al-m. Epiphany (Chr.)
forbearance 676
‫ تغطيس‬tagṭīs dipping, plunging, ‫ غفر‬gafr pardon, forgiveness; ‫غفرا‬
immersion; submersion; baptism (Chr.) gafran pardon me! I beg your pardon!
‫ غاطس‬gāṭis draft (of a ship) ‫ غفور‬gafūr readily inclined to pardon,
much-forgiving (esp. of God)
‫ غطش‬gaṭaša i (gaṭš) to be or become
dark (night); -- gaṭiša a (gaṭaš) to become ‫ غفار‬gaffār readily inclined to pardon,
dim (eye); to be dim-sighted V to be dim, much-forgiving (esp. of God)
dim-sighted (eye) ‫ غفران‬gufrān pardon, forgiveness,
‫ غطش‬gaṭaš dim-sightedness remission │ ‫‘ عيد صوم غفران‬īd ṣaum al-g.
or ‫ عيد الغفران‬Day of Atonement, Yom
‫ غطم‬giṭamm huge, vast (ocean)
Kippur (Jud.)
(‫ غطا )غطو‬gaṭā u (gaṭw) to cover, cover up (‫هـ‬
‫ مَغفرة‬magfira pardon, forgiveness,
s.th.) II to cover, wrap, envelop, conceal (
remission
‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬s.o., s.th. with); to slip (‫ ب هـ‬over
s.th. s.th. else), cover (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with); to ‫ مَغفور‬magfūr: ‫( المغفور له‬he who has
cover (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., expenses, the goal in been forgiven), the deceased, the late ...
sports); to outshine, eclipse, obscure (‫على‬ 2
‫ غفر‬II to guard (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.), watch (‫على‬
s.o., s.th.); to drown (‫ على‬s.th., of voices, over s.o.) over s.th.)
etc.); to be stronger, be more decisive (‫على‬
than) V to be covered, wrapped, ‫ غفرة‬gufra cover; lid
enveloped, concealed (‫ ب‬with. by); to ‫ غفير‬gafīr numerous (crowd), abundant
cover o.s. (‫ ب‬with), wrap o.s., veil o.s., (quantity), large (number); (pl. ‫غفراء‬
conceal o.s. (‫ ب‬in) VIII = V gufarā’2) guard, sentinel; watchman │ ‫جم‬
‫ غطاء‬giṭā’ pl. ‫ اغطية‬agṭiya cover, ‫( )جمع( غفير‬jamm, jam‘) large number or
covering, integument, wrap, wrapper, quantity, large gathering of people
wrapping, envelope; covering (= ‫ غفارة‬gifāra pl. ‫ غفائر‬gafā’ir2 kerchief
clothing); lid │ ‫ غطاء الرأس‬headgear for covering the bead, headcloth
‫ تغطية‬tagṭiya cover(ing) (of expenses, of ‫ غفارة‬gaffāra cope (Chr.)
currency, of the goal in sports); cover of
notes in circulation, backing of notes, note ‫ مَغفر‬migfar pl. ‫ مَغافر‬magāfir2 helmet
coverage ‫ غفقة‬gafqa light slumber
‫ غف‬gaffa i (eg.) to take unawares; to grab, ‫ غفل‬gafala u (‫ غفلة‬gafla, ‫ غفول‬gufūl) to neglect,
grasp, seize (‫ على‬s.o.) not to heed, disregard, ignore (‫ مَن‬s.th.), be
‫ غفر‬gafara i (gafr, ‫ غفر‬magfira, ‫غفران‬ forgetful, be heedless, be unmindful (‫عن‬
gufrān) to forgive (‫ هـ ل‬s.o. s.th.), grant of), pay no attention (‫ عن‬to) II to make (‫ه‬
pardon (‫ ل هـ‬to s.o. for s.th.), remit (‫هـ‬ s.o.) negligent, careless, heedless, or
s.th.) │ ‫( لَ يغفر‬yugfaru) unpardonable, inattentive III to use, or take advantage of,
irremissible, inexcusable VIII to forgive s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬negligence, inadvertence,
677 (‫ هـ ل‬s.o. s.th.), grant pardon (‫ هـ ل‬to inattention, heedlessness, or carelessness;
s.o. for), remit (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫لَ يغتفر‬ to surprise, take by surprise, take
(yugtafaru) unpardonable, irremissible, unawares (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to neglect, not to
inexcusable X to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬pardon (‫ ل‬or heed, disregard, ignore (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be
‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬for an offense), ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to forgetful, be heedless, be unmindful (‫ هـ‬of
forgive (‫ ل‬or ‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬an offense), s.th.), pay no attention (‫ هـ‬to s.th.); to pass
apologize (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ل‬or ‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬for) │ (‫ هـ‬over s.th.), slight, leave out, omit, skip
‫ استغفر ا‬I ask God’s forgiveness! a (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to leave unspecified (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V =
formular phrase used on various III; VI to feign inattention, inadvertence,
occasions, esp. when modestly declining negligence, or carelessness; to pretend to
compliments and amiabilities, approx.: be, or make as if, inattentive, inadvertent,
please don’t (say so)! not at all! negligent, or careless; to neglect,
disregard, ignore, slight (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.),
pay no attention (‫ عن‬to), be uninterested (
‫ عن‬in), be indifferent (‫ عن‬to) X = III; to enter (‫ هـ‬s.th. or into s.th.); to apply an
regard (‫ ه‬s.o.) as stupid, as a fool; to make iron collar or manacles (‫ ه‬on s.o.),
a fool of s.o. (‫)ه‬, pull s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬leg handcuff, shackle, fetter (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
produce, yield, yield crops (land) │ ‫غل يده‬
‫ غفل‬gufl careless, heedless, unmindful,
‫( الى عنقه‬yadahū, ‘unuqihī) (lit.: to fetter
inadvertent; undesignated, unmarked;
one’s hand to one’s neck, i.e.) not to spend
without name, anonymous; not provided (
or give away anything, be niggardly; --
‫ مَن‬with), devoid (‫ مَن‬of) │ ‫غفل مَن التاريخ‬
galla i (gill) to be filled with hatred or
undated, without date, bearing no date; ‫غفل‬
rancor (breast); -- pass. gulla (gull, ‫غلة‬
(‫( مَن المَضاء )التوقيع‬imḍā’) without
gulla) to suffer violent thirst, burn with
signature, unsigned, anonymous; ‫حديد غفل‬
thirst II to apply an iron collar or manacles
unprocessed iron, pig iron, crude iron
(‫ ه‬on s.o.), handcuff, shackle, fetter (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ غفل‬gafal negligence, inadvertence, IV to produce, yield, yield crops (land); to
inattention, heedlessness, carelessness yield (‫ هـ على‬to s.o. s.th.) V to enter,
‫ غفلة‬gafla negligence, inadvertence, penetrate (‫ في‬s.th. or into s.th.) VII = V X
inattention, heedlessness, carelessness; to rake in, gain, win, obtain, reap (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
indifference; foolishness; stupidity │ ‫مَوت‬ to realize, or make, a profit (‫ هـ‬on s.th.),
‫ الغفلة‬maut al-g. sudden death; ‫ على غفلة‬and receive the proceeds (‫ هـ‬of s.th., esp. of
‫( على حين غفلة‬ḥini g.) suddenly, all of a land, and the like), turn to (good) account,
sudden, unawares, inadvertently, invest profitably, utilize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to profit
unexpectedly, surprisingly (‫ ه‬by s.o., ‫ هـ‬by s.th.), derive advantage or
profit (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬from), make capital (‫ هـ‬out of
‫ غفلان‬gaflān(2) negligent, neglectful, s.th.), capitalize (‫ هـ‬on s.th.); to take
careless, heedless, inadvertent, inattentive; advantage (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of), exploit (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.)
drowsy, sleepy
‫ غل‬gill rancor, hatred, spite, malice
‫ تغفيل‬tagfīl stultification 678
‫ غل‬gull burning thirst; (pl. ‫ اغلل‬aglāl)
‫ اغفال‬igfāl neglect, disregard, ignoring, iron collar; manacles, handcuffs; pl.
nonobservance, slight(ing); omission, chains, shackles, fetters
skipping
‫ غلة‬gulla burning thirst
‫ تغافل‬tagāful neglect
‫ غلة‬galla pl. -āt, ‫ غلال‬gilāl yield,
‫ غافل‬gāfil pl. -ūn, ‫ غفول‬gufūl, ‫ غفل‬guffal produce, crops; proceeds, revenue, returns
negligent, neglectful, careless, heedless, (esp. of farming); grain, cereals; corn;
inadvertent, unaware, inattentive fruits
‫ مَغفل‬mugaffal apathetic, indifferent, ‫ غليل‬galīl burning thirst; thirst for
inattentive; gullible, easily duped, a revenge; rancor, ill will; ardent desire; (pl.
sucker; simple-minded, artless; simpleton ‫ غلال‬gilāl) exhausted with thirst, very
‫ مَغفل‬mugfal anonymous │‫=( شركة مَغفلة‬ thirsty
Fr. société anonyme) joint-stock ‫ غللة‬galāla pl. ‫ غلائل‬galā’il2 a fine,
corporation diaphanous cape, mantilla, veil; shirtlike
‫ مَتغفل‬mutagaffil dunce, dolt, numskull garment, gown │ ‫ غللة النوم‬g. an-naum
nightshirt, nightgown
(‫ غفو‬and ‫ غفا )غفى‬gafā u (gafw, gufūw) to
slumber, doze, take a nap; to doze off, nod ‫ استغلال‬istiglāl utilization; development,
off, fall asleep; -- gafiya a (‫ غفية‬gafya) do. working (of a mine, and the like),
IV do. exploitation (of a mine; also = selfish
utilization, sweating); usufruct; abuse
‫ غفوة‬gafwa pl. -āt slumber, nap, doze,
cat nap ‫ استغلالي‬istiglālī serving exploitation,
exploitative
‫ اغفاءة‬igfā’a slumber, nap, doz., cat nap
‫ غل‬galla u (gall) to insert, put, stick, enter ( ‫في‬
‫ هـ‬s.th. in(to) or between); to penetrate,
‫ مَغلول‬maglūl fettered, shackled; ‫ غلباوي‬galabāwī (eg.) garrulous,
exhausted with thirst, very thirsty │ ‫مَغلول‬ voluble, talkative; chatterbox, prattler,
‫ اليد‬m. al-yad inactive, idle windbag
‫ مَغل‬mugill productive, fruitful, fertile ‫ غلاب‬gallāb victorious, triumphant,
(land, soil) conquering
‫ مَستغل‬mustagill exploiter, utilizer, ‫ اغلب‬aglab2 (elative, with def. article or
usufructuary, beneficiary foll. genit.) the greater portion, the
majority, most (of) │ ‫ في الغلب‬in most
‫ مَستغل‬mustagall pl. -āt that which
cases; mostly, in general, generally; ‫في‬
yields crops, proceeds, or profit; yield,
‫( الغلب والعم‬wa-l-a‘amm) do.; ‫في اغلب الظن‬
produce, proceeds; profit 679
(a. iẓ-ẓann) most likely, most probably, in
‫ غلب‬galaba i (galb, ‫ غلبة‬galaba) to subdue, all probability; ‫ اغلب امَره‬aglaba amrihī and
conquer, vanquish, defeat, beat, lick (‫على‬ ‫ اغلب المَر‬in most cases, mostly; most
or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬so., s.th.), get the better (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ likely, most probably, in all probability
of s.o., of s.th.), be victorious, triumph,
‫ اغلبية‬aglabīya majority, greater portion
gain ascendancy, get the upperhand,
│ ‫( اغلبية خاصة‬kāṣṣa) qualified majority; ‫اغل‬
achieve supremacy (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬over s.o.,
‫( بية مَطلقة‬muṭlaqa) absolute majority (pol.)
over s.th.); to master, surmount, overcome
(‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to seize (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.), ‫ غلاب‬gilāf combat(ing), fight; struggle,
take possession (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬of s.th.), lay strife, contest
hold (‫ على‬or ‫ هـ‬on s.th.); to overpower, ‫ مَغالبة‬mugālaba combat(ing), fight;
overcome, overwhelm (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to struggle, strife, contest
snatch, wrench, wrest (‫ على ه‬from s.o.
s.th.), rob, plunder (‫ على ه‬s.o. of s.th.); to ‫ تغلب‬tagallub surmounting,
prevail, (pre)dominate, be preponderant ( overcoming, mastery (‫ على‬of s.th.)
‫ على‬in s.th.); to be probable, be likely │ ‫ غالب‬gālib (pre)dominant; (with foll.
‫( غلب على الظن‬ẓann) to be probable, be genit. or suffix) most of, the greater
likely; (‫( تغلب عليه الصحة )الجدة‬ṣiḥḥatu, portion of, the majority of; (pl. ‫غلبة‬
jiddatu) (to be) fairly, almost correct or galaba) victor │ ‫ غالبا‬gāliban and ‫في الغالب‬
new; ‫( تغلب عليه الكآبة‬ka‘ābatu) he is in low mostly, in most cases, for the most part,
spirits most of the time, melancholy largely; in general, generally; most likely,
prevails in him; ‫( يغلب عليه الكرم‬karamu) his most probably; ‫ والغالب ان‬and the rule is
predominant, or foremost, quality is that …, as a rule ...
generosity II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) get the
upperhand (‫ على‬over), make (‫ هـ‬s.o.) ‫ غالبية‬gālibīya majority, greater portion
triumph (‫ على‬over); to put (‫ على هـ‬s.th. ‫ مَغلوب‬maglūb defeated, vanquished;
above or before) III to try to defeat (‫ ه‬s.o.); beaten; recessive (biol.) │ ‫مَغلوب على امَره‬
to fight, combat (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), struggle, (amrihī) helpless
wrestle (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬with; ‫ المصاعب‬with
difficulties); to befall, overcome (‫ ه‬s.o.; ‫ مَغلب‬mugallab defeated, overwhelmed,
e.g., sleep) V to triumph, gain the mastery overcome
(‫ على‬over), overcome, surmount, master ( ‫ غلس‬galas darkness of night (esp. that
‫ على‬s.th.), cope (‫ على‬with), break (‫ على‬a preceding daybreak)
resistance); to outweigh (‫ على‬s.th.) │ ‫تغلب‬
‫ غلصمة‬galṣama pl. ‫ غلاصم‬galāṣim2 epiglottis
‫( عليه النعاس‬nu‘āsu) he was overcome by
drowsiness VI to wrestle with one another, ‫ غلط‬galiṭa a (galaṭ) to make, or commit, a
struggle mistake, commit an error, err, be mistaken
II to accuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) of a mistake or error,
‫ غلب‬galab (act of) conquering,
put s.o. (‫ )ه‬in the wrong; to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
defeating, surmounting, overcoming
commit a mistake or error 680 III to seek
‫ غلبة‬galaba victory; (eg.) idle talk, to involve (‫ ه‬s.o.) in errors or mistakes; to
chatter, prattle deceive, beguile, cheat, swindle (s.o.) IV
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) commit a mistake or error
VI to mislead one another, cheat one boorish; inviolable, sacred (alliance, oath)
another │ ‫ غليظ الرقبة‬g. ar-raqaba stiff-necked,
obdurate, obstinate, stubborn; ‫المعى الغليظ‬
‫ غلط‬galaṭ pl. ‫ اغلط‬aglāṭ error, mistake,
(mi‘ā) the large intestine (anat.); ‫يمين غليظة‬
blunder; incorrect, wrong │ ‫ غلط الحس‬g.
binding, sacred oath
al-ḥiss deception of the senses, illusion; ‫في‬
‫( الَمَر غلط‬amr) there is a but in the case, ‫ غلاظة‬gilāẓi thickness grossness;
there is a hitch somewhere coarser, ness, crudeness, roughness,
ruggedness
‫ غلطة‬galṭa pl. galaṭāt, ‫ اغلات‬aglāṭ error,
mistake, blunder │ ‫( غلطة مَطبعية‬maṭba‘īya) ‫ اغلظ‬aglāẓ thicker, grosser; coarser,
misprint, erratum cruder, rougher; ruder, more impolite
‫ غلطان‬galṭān2 one who commits a ‫ مَغلظ‬mugallaẓ: ‫ يمين مَغلظة‬binding,
mistake or error; mistaken, erring, wrong sacred oath
‫ اغلوطة‬uglūṭa pl. -āt, ‫ اغاليط‬agālīṭ ‫ غلغل‬galgala to penetrate (‫ في‬s.th. or into s.th.);
captious question to enter (‫ في‬s.th. or into s.th.); to plunge,
become immersed, submerge (‫ في‬in) II
‫ مَغلطة‬maglaṭa pl. ‫ مَغالط‬magaliṭ captious
tagalgala to set in, descend, fall (night); to
question
penetrate (‫ في‬s.th. or into s.th.); to enter (
‫ مَغالطة‬mugālaṭa pl. -āt cheating, deceit; ‫ في‬s.th. or into s.th.); to plunge, become
swindle, fraud; falsification, distortion; immersed, submerge (‫ في‬in); to be
fallacy, sophism crammed (‫ في‬into), be deeply embedded.
‫ غلظ‬galuẓa u and galaẓa i (gilaẓ, ‫غلظة‬ b. ensconced (‫ في‬in); to interfere, meddle
gilẓa, ‫ غلظة‬gilāẓa) to be or become thick, ‫ مَتغلغل‬mutagalgil deeply embedded (‫في‬
gross, coarse, crude, rude, rough, rugged; in); extensive, widely extended, far-
to become viscous, viscid, tough, sirupy reaching (connections)
(of a liquid, mush); to treat (‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ غلف‬II to put or wrap (‫ هـ‬s.th.) in a cover, wrap,
harshly, ruthlessly II to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
envelope, or case; to wrap, envelop (‫هـ‬
thick, gross, big, coarse, crude, rude,
s.th.); to cover (‫ هـ ب‬s.th. with)
rough, or rugged; to thicken, coarsen (‫ه‬
s.th.) │ ‫ غلظ اليمين‬to swear a sacred oath IV ‫ غلفة‬gulfa foreskin, prepuce
‫ في القول‬or ‫( اغلظ له القول‬qaula, fī l-qauli) to ‫ غلف‬gilāf pl. ‫ غلف‬guluf cover,
bark at s.o. rudely, use rude language covering, wrapping, wrapper, wrapping,
toward s.o., speak rudely, impolitely with jacket (of a book); case, box; envelope
s.o. X to become thick, gross, big, coarse, 681
crude, rude, rough, rugged; to find (‫ ه‬s.th.)
thick, coarse, crude, rude, rough, rugged ‫ اغلف‬aglaf2, f. ‫ غلفاء‬galfā’2, pl. ‫ غلف‬gulf
uncircumcised; rude, uncivilized
‫ غلظ‬gilāẓ thickness, grossness;
coarseness, crudeness, roughness, ‫ مَغلف‬mugallaf uncircumcised; (pl. -āt)
ruggedness; harshness, ruthlessness, cover, covering, wrap, wrapper, wrapping,
rudeness, impoliteness, boorishness envelope (of a letter)
‫ غلظة‬gilẓa thickness, grossness; ‫ غلق‬galaqa i (galq) to close, shut (‫ هـ‬s.th., a
coarseness, crudeness, roughness, door); to look, bolt (‫ هـ‬s.th., a door);
ruggedness; harshness, ruthlessness, galiqa a (galaq): ‫( غلق الرهن‬rahnu) the
rudeness, impoliteness, boorishness pledge was forfeited as the pledger was
unable to redeem it II to close shut (‫هـ‬
‫ غليظ‬galīẓ pl. ‫ غلاظ‬thick (e.g., curtain, s.th., a door); to lock, bolt (‫ هـ‬s.th., a door)
fabric); fat and uncouth, hulking, burly, IV = II; to declare a pledge (‫ رهنا‬rahnan)
gross (person, body); viscous, viscid, to be forfeited, foreclose (‫ رهنا‬a
sirupy (liquid); solid, stringy, tough mortgage); pass. ugliqa to be obscure,
(food); coarse, crude (fabric, words, dark, ambiguous, dubious,
person); rough, rugged (ground); harsh, incomprehensible (‫ على‬to s.o.) VII to be
callous, rude, churlish, inconsiderate, closed, shut, looked, or bolted; to be
incomprehensible, X to be obscure, dark, to exceed the proper bounds, be excessive,
ambiguous, incomprehensible; to be go too far (‫ في‬in), overdo, exaggerate (‫في‬
difficult, intricate, complicated │ ‫استغلق‬ s.th.); to demand too high a price, charge
‫( عليه الكلم‬kalamu) he was unable to speak, too much (‫ ب‬for); to put greet store (‫ ب‬by
he was struck dumb, he was speechless s.th.), ascribe great value (‫ ب‬to s.th.), rate
highly (‫ ب‬s.th.) IV = II; to declare (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ غلق‬galaq pl. ‫ اغلق‬aglāq lock, padlock
to be dear or precious, appreciate, value,
‫ غلق‬galiq obscure, dark, ambiguous, prize, treasure, cherish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to laud,
dubious, abstruse, recondite, difficult to extol, praise highly (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to exceed
comprehend the proper bounds, be excessive, go too
‫ غلاقة‬gilāqa unpaid balance far (‫ في‬in); to overdo, exaggerate (‫ في‬,‫ب‬
s.th.) X to find (‫ هـ‬s.th.) expensive or
‫ مَغلاق‬miglāq pl. ‫ مَغاليق‬magālīq2 look; costly
padlock; breech (of a firearm); any closing
or fastening mechanism, as, a latch, a ‫ غلو‬gulūw exceeding of proper bounds,
catch, a clasp, a cap, a cover, a lid, a excess, extravagance; exaggeration
outoff, etc. ‫ غلاء‬galā’2 high cost, high level of
‫ اغلاق‬iglāq closing, shutting, locking, prices, rise in prices; high price
bolting, shutting-off, barring; foreclosure ‫ غلواء‬gulawā’2, gulwā’2 exceeding of
(of a mortgage) proper bounds, excess, extravagance │
‫ انغلاق‬ingilāq obscurity, abstruseness, ‫( خفف مَن غلوائه‬kaffāfa) to dampen s.o.’s
incomprehensibility ardor, curb s.o.’s enthusiasm 682

‫ مَغلق‬maglaq closed, shut; locked, ‫ اغلى‬aglā more expensive; more


bolted; obscure, dark, ambiguous, valuable, more costly
dubious, abstruse, recondite, difficult to ‫ مَغالاة‬mugālāh exceeding of proper
comprehend bounds, excess, extravagance,
‫ مَستغلق‬mustagliq obscure, dark, cryptic, exaggeration
ambiguous, equivocal ‫ اغلء‬iglā’ laudation, extolment, high
‫ غلم‬galima a (galam, ‫ غلم‬gulma) to be excited praise; admiration
by lust, be seized by sensuous desire VIII ‫ غال‬gālin expensive, high priced;
=I valuable, costly; dear, beloved; -- (pl. ‫غلاة‬
‫ غلم‬galim excited by lu.t. seized by gulāh) adherent of an extreme sect;
sensuous desire, wanton, lewd, lascivious, extremist, radical; fanatic adherent, fanatic
lustful; in heat, rutted ‫ غلى‬galā i (galy, ‫ غليان‬galayān) to boil, bubble
‫ غلمة‬gulma lust, carnal appetite, up; to ferment (alcoholic beverage) II to
sensuous desire; heat, rut make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) boil; to boil (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV = II

‫ غلام‬gulām pl. ‫ غلمان‬gilmān, ‫ غلمة‬gilma ‫ غلو‬galy boiling, ebullition


boy, youth, lad; slave; servant, waiter ‫ غلي‬galayān boiling, ebullition
‫ غلامَية‬gulāmīya youth, youthfulness ‫ غليون‬galyūn pl. ‫ غليين‬galāyīn, water
‫ غيلم‬gailam male tortoise pipe, narghile, hubble-bubble; smoking
pipe, tobacco pipe; see also below
‫ غلم‬gulūma youth, youthfulness
‫ غلية‬gallāya pl. -āt boiler, kettle,
(‫ غلا )غلو‬galā u (gulūw) to exceed the proper caldron │ ‫ آلة غلاية‬steam boiler
bounds, be excessive, go too far (‫ في‬in),
overdo, exaggerate (‫ في‬s.th.); -- galā u ( ‫ غالية‬gāliya a perfume made of muek
‫ غلء‬galā2) to be high, be stiff (price); to and ambergris (Galia moschata)
become expensive, undergo a prise raise ‫ مَغلي‬maglīy broth; decoction (pharm.)
(merchandise); to be expensive, be high
‫ غليون‬galyūn pl. ‫ غلايين‬galāyīn2, ‫ غلاوين‬galāwīn2
priced II to raise the price or s.th. (‫ )هـ‬III
galleon; see also ‫غلى‬
‫ غم‬gamma u (gamm) to cover, veil, conceal (‫هـ‬ (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to douse, cover (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with a
s.th.); to fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with sadness, pain, or liquid), pour a liquid (‫ )ب‬over s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to
grief, to pain, grieve, distress (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass. lay, soak (‫ في هـ‬s.th. in a liquid); to
gumma to be obscure, incomprehensible ( immerse, steep, submerge, place, embed (
‫ على‬to s.o.) II to cover, veil, conceal (‫هـ‬ ‫ ه‬,‫ في هـ‬s.o. s.th. in(to); esp. fig.: in(to) an
s.th.) IV to be overcast (sky); to fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) environment, an atmosphere); to cover,
with sadness, pain, or grief, to pain, 683 bury (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to bestow
grieve, distress (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII to be distressed, liberally, lavish, heap, load (‫ ب ه‬upon s.o.
be worried, be sad, grieve, pine, worry s.th.), shower (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to fill,
VIII = VII pervade (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬the heart; of feeling.) III
to plunge (blindly), throw o.s. (headlong)
‫ غم‬gamm pl. ‫ غموم‬gumūm grief,
(‫ في‬or ‫ هـ‬into); to venture; to risk (‫ ب‬s.th.)
affliction, sorrow, distress, sadness, worry,
│ ‫ غامَر بنفسه‬to engage in daring
anxiety
adventures, risk one’s life VIII to cover,
‫ غمة‬gumma grief, affliction, sorrow, bury, engulf, swallow (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
distress, sadness, anxiety
‫ غمر‬gamr flooding, overflowing,
‫ غمام‬gamām (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫غمائم‬ submersion, inundation; (pl. ‫ غمار‬gimār, ‫غم‬
gamā’im2 clouds │ ‫ حب الغمام‬ḥabb al-g. ‫ ور‬gumūr) deluge, flood (also fig.); all-
hail engulfing, flooding, overflowing (water);
of overflowing liberality, lavishly
‫ غمامَة‬gimāma pl. ‫ غمائم‬gamā’m2 blinder, openhanded, generous; -- gamr and gumr
blinker (for horses, etc.); muzzle (for (pl. ‫ اغمار‬agmār) inexperienced, green,
animals) gullible, simple, ingenuous
‫ اغم‬agamm2, f. ‫ غماء‬gammā’2 covered ‫ غمرة‬gamra pl. gamarāt, ‫ غمار‬gimār
with dense hair, hairy, hirsute, shaggy; deluge, flood, inundation; (emotional)
thick, dense (clouds) exuberance; pl. ‫ غمار‬flood (fig., e.g., of
‫ غام‬gamm grievous, distressing, events); adversities, hardships, ups and
sorrowful, sad, painful; sultry, muggy down, (of life, of battle, etc.); abundance,
(day, night) profusion (e.g., of knowledge) │ ‫غمرات‬
‫ الموت‬g. a1-maut mortal throes
‫ مَغموم‬magmūm grieved, distressed,
afflicted, worried, sad ‫ غمر‬gumr pl. ‫ اغمار‬agmār armfull
‫ مَغتم‬mugtamm grieved, distressed, ‫ غمار‬gimār risk, hazard
afflicted, worried, sad ‫ مَغامَرة‬mugāmara pl. -āt a hazardous, or
‫غمد‬gamada i u (gamd) to sheathe, put into the foolhardy, undertaking; adventure; risk,
scabbard (‫ هـ‬the sword); to plunge, threat ( hazard
‫ هـ‬the sword into s.o.’s breast); to ‫ غامَر‬gāmir overflowing, all-engulfing,
encompass, shelter, protect, cover (‫ ه‬s.o., all-encompassing; plentiful, copious,
‫ برحمته‬bi-raḥmatihī with His grace; of abundant; desolate, waste, empty (land)
God) II to conceal s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬offenses or
shortcomings IV to sheathe, put into the ‫ مَغمور‬magmūr obscure, unknown
scabbard (‫ هـ‬the sword) V to encompass, ‫ مَغامَر‬mugāmir reckless, foolhardy;
shelter, protect, cover (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ برحمته‬bi- adventurer
raḥmatihī with His grace; of God)
‫ غمز‬gamaza i (gamz) to feel, touch,
‫ غمد‬gimd pl. ‫ اغماد‬agmād, ‫ غمود‬gumūd palpate (‫ ب هـ ه‬s.o., s.th. with); to make a
sheath, scabbard sign, to signal (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. with); to beckon
‫ غمر‬gamara u (‫ غمارة‬gamāra, ‫غمورة‬ with one’s eyes, wink (‫ ه‬at s.o.); to
gumūra) to be plentiful, copious, twinkle, blink (‫ ب‬with one’s eyes); to
abundant, abound (water); to overflow slander, calumniate (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.) │ ‫غمز‬
(intr.); -- gamara u (gamr) to flood, ‫( الجرس‬jarasa) to press the bell button,
inundate (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with), overflow ring the bell; ‫( غمز قناته‬qanātahū) to sound
s.o. out, probe into s.o., feel s.o.’s pulse VI ‫ غمضة‬gamḍa twinkle, blink, wink │ ‫في‬
to signal to one another, wink at one ‫ غمضة عين‬in a moment, in a jiffy
another VIII to detract (‫ هـ‬from s.th.), ‫ غماض‬gimāḍ twinkle, blink, wink
belittle, decry, disparage (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ غموض‬gumūḍ obscureness, obscurity,
‫ غمز‬gamza pl. -āt sign, signal, hint, ambiguity, abstruseness, reconditeness,
wink (with the eye), twinkle; taunt, gibe mystery, inscrutability; inexplicability,
‫ غمازة‬gammāza dimple lack of clarity, vagueness, uncertainty,
incertitude
‫ غميزة‬gamīza failing, fault,
shortcoming, blemish (of character) ‫ غموضة‬gumūḍa obscureness, obscurity,
2 abstruseness, reconditeness
‫ مَغمز‬pl. ‫ مَغامَز‬magāmiz failing, fault,
shortcoming. blemish (of character); ‫ اغمض‬agmaḍ2 obscurer, more cryptic
weakness, weak spot, s.th. which arouses ‫ غامَض‬gāmiḍ pl. ‫ غوامَض‬gawāmiḍ2
doubt, invites comment, taunts, and the hidden, concealed; obscure, dark,
like ambiguous, abstruse, recondite, difficult to
‫ غمس‬gamasa i (gams) to dip, plunge, comprehend; inscrutable, cryptic(al),
steep, immerse, submerse, link (‫ ه‬,‫في هـ‬ mysterious, enigmatic(al)
s.o., s.th. in) II = I; VII to be dipped, be ‫ غامَض‬gāmiḍ pl. ‫ غوامَض‬gawāmiḍ2
plunged, become immersed, be unsolved problem, riddle, enigma,
submersed, be sunk; to plunge, throw o.s. mystery │ ‫ غوامَض افكاره‬s.o.’s innermost
(‫ في‬into) VIII = VII thoughts
‫ غموس‬gamūs ominous, calamitous, ‫ غمط‬gamaṭa i and gamiṭ a (gamṭ) to despise,
disastrous hold in contempt, esteem lightly, belittle,
‫ مَغموس‬magmūs immersed (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in) undervalue (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be ungrateful (‫ هـ‬for
s.th.) │ ‫( غمطه حقه‬ḥaqqahū) to encroach
‫ غمص‬gamaṣ i (gamṣ) to esteem lightly,
upon s.o.’s rights, refuse to recognize
belittle, undervalue, despise, hold in
s.o.’s rights
contempt (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ غمغم‬gamgama to mumble, mutter
‫ غمص‬agmaṣ2 blear-eyed
‫ غمغمة‬gamgama pl. ‫ غماغم‬gamāgim2 cry,
‫ غمض‬gamuḍa u and gamaḍa u (‫ غموض‬gumūḍ)
to be hidden, be concealed, hide; to close battle cry
(eye); to be obscure, dark, abstruse, ‫ غمق‬gamiqa a (gamaq), gamaqa u and
recondite, difficult to comprehend II to gamuqa u to be damp, moist, wet
make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) obscure, abetruse, ‫ غامَق‬gāmiq2 dark (color)
recondite, difficult to comprehend; to
close, shut (‫‘( عينيه عن‬ainaihi one’s eyes ‫ غملج‬gamlaj fickle, inconstant, unstable
to, over, toward, or in the face of); to ‫ غملاج‬gimlāj fickle, inconstant, unstable
sleep, be asleep │ ‫غمض جفونه على القذى‬
(jufūnahū, qaḍā) see ‫ قذى‬IV to blur, dim ( ‫ غمى‬gamā i (gamy) to provide with a roof, to
‫‘ عينيه عن‬ainaihi s.o.’s eye for), make s.o. roof (‫ هـ‬a house); pas.: ‫( غمي عليه‬gumiya)
blind to; to close, shut (‫ عينيه عن‬one’s eyes to swoon, faint, lose consciousness II to
to, 684 over, ‫ على على‬toward. in the face blindfold IV pass. ‫( اغمي عليه‬ugmiya) to
of); to pretend not to see (‫ عن‬s.th.), feign swoon, faint, lose consciousness
blindness (‫ عن‬to), overlook (‫ عن‬s.th.), ‫ غمي‬gamy swoon, faint,
wink, connive (‫ عن‬at); to hear, stand, unconsciousness
tolerate (‫ على‬,‫ عن‬s.th.) │ ‫اغمض مَن عينيه‬
(‘ainaihi) to close, one’s eyes, refuse to ‫ اغماء‬I igrmā’ swoon, faint,
see VIII to close, be closed (eye) VIII do.; unconsciousness
to sleep, be asleep □ ‫( استغمائية‬eg.; pronounced
‫ غمض‬gumḍ sleep istugummāya): ‫ لعبة الَسغماية‬la‘bat al-ist.
blindman’s buff
‫ مَغمى عليه‬magmīy, mugman ‘alaihi in a ‫( الغنيمة بالياب‬rāḍin, iyāb) (content with
swoon, unconscious returning without booty, i.e.) glad to have
saved one's skin; ‫اقتنع مَن الغنيمة بالياب‬
‫ غن‬ganna (1st pers. perf. ganintu) a (gann, ‫غنة‬
(iqtana‘a) to have to return empty-handed,
gunna) to speak through the nose, speak
with nothing accomplished
with a nasal twang, nasalize
‫ مَغنم‬magnam pl. ‫ مَغانم‬magānim2 spoils,
‫ غن‬gann nasal pronunciation,
booty, loot, prey; gain, profit, advantage,
nasalization
benefit
‫ غنة‬gunna nasal pronunciation,
‫ غانم‬gānim successful │ ‫عاد سالما غانما‬
nasalization; (pl. -āt) nasal sound, twang;
(sāliman gāniman) approx.: he returned
sound (also, e.g., of complaint, of regret)
safe and sound
‫ اغن‬agann2, f. ‫ غناء‬gannā’2 nasal;
‫ غني‬ganiya a (ginan, ‫ غناء‬ganā’) to be free
melodious, pleasant, sonorous (voice);
from want, be rich, wealthy; not to need,
luxuriant, lush, gorgeous (of a garden)
be able to spare (‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.), be able to
‫ غنج‬ganija a (gunj) to coquet, flirt, play the dispense (‫ عن‬with), manage, be able to do
coquette (woman) V do. (‫ عن‬without), have no need (‫ عن‬for), be in
‫ غنج‬gunj coquetry, flirtation, dalliance, no need (‫ عن‬of) II to sing (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫هـ ه‬
coquettish behavior to s.o. s.th.), chant (‫ ب‬or. s.th.); to sing the
praises (‫ ب‬of s.o.), eulogize, extol (‫ ب‬s.o.)
‫ غنج‬ganija coquettish, flirtatious IV to make free from want, make rich,
(woman); a coquette enrich (‫ ه‬s.o.); to suffice (‫ عن‬or , s.o. or for
‫ مَغناج‬mignāj coquettish, flirtatious s.o.), be sufficient, be enough, be
adequate, do (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬for s.o.), be of use,
‫ غندر‬II tagandara to play the dandy, act like a be of help (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o.), avail, profit,
fop benefit, help (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to satisfy,
‫ غندر‬gundur fat, plump, chubby content (‫ عن‬s.o.); to be a substitute or set
off (‫ عن‬to s.o.), make dispensable or
‫ غندور‬gundūr pl. ‫ غنادرة‬ganādira (eg.)
superfluous (‫ عن‬for s.o. s.th.); to make up
dandy, fop 685
(‫ عن‬for s.th.), be a substitute (‫ عن‬for s.th.);
‫( غندقجي‬eg.) gundaqgī armorer, gunsmith to dispense, free, relieve (‫ عن ه‬s.o. of
‫ غنغرينا‬gangarīnā gangrene (med.) s.th.), spare, save (‫ عن ه‬s.o. s.th.); to
protect, guard, help (‫ هـ عن‬s.o. against) │
‫ غنم‬ganima a (gunm, ganm, ganam, ‫غنيم‬ ‫ مَا اغنى )عنه( شيئا‬to be of no use, be of no
‫ ة‬ganīma) to gain booty; to take as (war) avail (to s.o.); ‫( لَ يغني فتيل‬yugnī) it is of no
booty, capture, gain, obtain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to use at all (‫ عن‬to s.o.), it doesn’t help (‫عن‬
pillage, plunder, sack, loot II to give (in a s.o.) a bit, it isn’t worth a farthing V to
disinterested manner) (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), sing, chant (‫ ب‬s.th.); to sing the praises (‫ه‬
bestow (‫ هـ ه‬on s.o. s.th.), grant (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. or ‫ ب‬of s.o., of s.th.); to eulogize, praise,
s.th.) IV to give as booty (‫ هـ ه ه‬to s.o. s.th.) extol (‫ ب‬s.o.) VIII to become rich, gain
VIII to take as (war) booty, capture (‫هـ‬ riches (‫ ب‬by) X to become rich; not to
s.th.) │ ‫( اغتنم الفرصة‬furṣa) to seize, or need, be able to spare (‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.), he
take, the opportunity, avail o.s. of the able to dispense (‫ عن‬with), manage, be
opportunity X ‫استغنم الفرصة = اغتنم الفرصة‬ able to do (‫ عن‬without), have no need (‫عن‬
‫ غنم‬gunm spoils, booty, loot, prey; gain, for), be in no need (‫ عن‬of); to get by, do,
profit, advantage, benefit manage, be satisfied (‫ ب‬with) │ ‫لَ يستغنى‬
(yustagnā) indispensable
‫ غنم‬ganam (coll.) pl. ‫ اغنام‬agnam sheep
(and goats), small cattle ‫ غنى‬ginan wealth, affluence, riches │ َ‫ل‬
‫ غنى عنه‬indispensable (‫ ل‬for); ‫مَا له عنه غني‬
‫ غنام‬gannām shepherd he cannot dispense with it, he cannot do
‫ غنيمة‬ganīma pl. ‫ غنائم‬ganā’im2 spoils, without it; ‫ هو في غني عنه‬he can dispense
booty, loot, prey │ ‫ غنيمة‬easy prey; ‫راض مَن‬ with it, he does not need it; ‫كان في غني عنه‬
to forgo, renounce s.th., dispense with
s.th., be in no need of s.th., not to need ‫ مَغيث‬mugīt helper
s.th., need not do s.th. (‫ غار )غور‬gāra u (gaur) to penetrate deeply (‫في‬
‫ غني‬gunya, ginya: ‫مَا له عنه غنية = مَا له عنه‬ into); -- gāra u a (gaur) to fall in, link in,
‫( غني‬ginan) become hollow (eyes, and the like); to
seep away. ooze away (water); to dry up
‫ غني‬ganīy pl. ‫ اغنياء‬agniyā’ rich (‫ ب‬in),
(spring) II to fall in, link in, become
wealthy, prosperous, well-to-do │ ‫غني الحر‬
hollow (eyes, and the like); to seep away,
g. al-glarb war profiteer; ‫غني عن الحرب‬
ooze away (water) IV to travel in the
(bayān) self-evident, self-explanatory; it is
lowlands; to make a predatory incursion,
self-evident, it goes without saying (‫ان‬
make a foray (‫ على‬into s.o.’s territory); to
that) 686 ‫ غناء‬ganā’ wealth, affluence,
raid, invade (‫ على‬a country); to attack (‫على‬
riches; sufficiency, adequacy; ability,
s.o., s.th.); to commit aggression (‫على‬
capability; use, avail, usefulness, utility (
against a nation)
‫ عن‬for) │ ‫( لَ غناء فيه‬ganā’a) useless; it is
insufficient, inadequate, not enough, it is ‫ غور‬gaur pl. ‫ اغوار‬agwār bottom;
no good, it is to little avail, it is of little declivity, depression; depth (also fig.); ‫الغو‬
use; ‫( له غناء عنه‬ganā’un), ‫ هو في غناء عنه‬he ‫ ر‬designation of that part of the Syrian
can dispense with it, he does not need it Graben which constitutes the Jordan
valley │ ‫ بعيد الغور‬deep; profound,
‫ غناء‬ginā’ singing, song
unfathomable
‫ غنائي‬ginā’ī singing-, song- (in
‫ غار‬gar pl. ‫ اغوار‬agwār, ‫ غيران‬gīrān
compounds), vocal │ ‫( حفلة غنائية‬ḥafla)
cave, cavern; -- (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬laurel tree,
song recital, concert of vocal music
bay
‫ غناء‬gannā’2 see ‫غن‬
‫ غارة‬gara pl. -āt predatory incursion,
‫ اغنية‬ugnīya (ignīya), ugniya (igniya) pl. raid, invasion, inroad, foray; attack (‫على‬
-āt, ‫ اغان‬agānin song, melody, tune, lay on); a certain gait of camels │ ‫غارة جوية‬
‫ مَغنى‬magnan pl. ‫ مَغان‬magānin (jawwīya) air raid; ‫ مَتوالية‬or ‫غارات مَتواصلة‬
habitation; (eg.) villa (mutawāṣila, mutawāliya) rolling attacks,
attacks in waves; ‫( شن غارة على‬šanna) to
‫ غانية‬gāniya pl. -āt, ‫ غوان‬gawānin pretty attack s.o. or s.th., launch an attack on
girl, beautiful woman, belle, beauty
‫ مَغار‬magār cave, cavern; grotto
‫ مَغن‬mugannin (male) singer, vocalist,
chanter ‫ مَغارة‬magāra pl. -āt, ‫ مَغاور‬magāwir2, ‫مَغا‬
‫ ير‬magāyir2 cave, cavern; grotto
‫ مَغنية‬muganniya (female) singer,
vocalist, songstress, chanteuse ‫ مَغوار‬migwār pl. ‫ مَغاوير‬magawīr2 fleet,
swift-running (horse); making raids or
‫ غيهب‬gaihab pl. ‫ غياهب‬gayāhib2 darkness, dark, attacks, raiding, aggressive; bold, daring,
duskiness; gloom audacious; pl. ‫ مَغاوير‬commandos, shock
‫ غوث‬IV to help, succor (‫ ه‬s.o.), go to the aid (‫ه‬ troops (Syr., mil.)
of s.o.) X to appeal for help (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬to ‫ اغارة‬igāra pl. -āt attack (‫ على‬on)
s.o., ‫ على‬against), seek the aid (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬of
s.o., ‫ على‬against); to call for help ‫ غائر‬gā’ir low-lying; sunk, hollow (of
the eyes)
‫ غوث‬gaut call for help; help, aid, succor
‫ مَغير‬mugīr assailant, raider, aggressor
‫ غياث‬giyāt/ help. aid, succor
‫ غوريل‬gurillā gorilla
‫ اغاثة‬igāta/help, aid, succor │ ‫وكالة اغاثة‬
(‫(>اللجئين )التابعة للمَم المتحدة‬li-l-umami l- ‫ غازي‬,‫ غاز‬look up alphabetically
muttaḥda) United Nations Relief and ‫( غويشة‬eg.) guwēša pl. -āt, ‫ غوايش‬gawāyiš2
Works Agency, UNRWA glass bracelet, bangle
‫ استغاثة‬istigāta appeal for aid; call for (‫ غاص )غوص‬gāṣa u (gauṣ, ‫ مَغاص‬magāṣ, ‫غياص‬
help giyāṣ, ‫ غياصة‬giyāṣa) to plunge (‫ في‬into),
become immersed, submerge (‫ في‬in), dive astray, tempt, seduce, entice, lure, allure (‫ه‬
(‫ في‬into; ‫ على‬for); to practice pearl-fishery s.o.) IV = II X to misguide, mislead, lead
II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) dive (‫ في‬into), plunge, astray (‫ ه‬s.o.); to tempt, seduce, entice,
immerse, submerse (‫ في ه‬s.o. in) lure, bait, ensnare, beguile, win (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
with)
‫ غويص‬gawīṣ deep
‫ غي‬gayy trespassing, transgression,
‫ غواص‬gawwaṣ pl. -ūn diver; pearl diver
offense, error, sin; seduction, temptation,
‫ غواصة‬gawwāṣa pl. -āt submarine enticement, allurement
‫ مَغاص‬magāṣ diving place │ ‫مَغاص اللؤلؤ‬ ‫ غية‬gayya, gīya pl. -āt error, sin; taste,
m. al-lu’lu’ pearl diving, pearl-fishery inclination, liking
1
‫ غوط‬II to deepen, make deeper (‫ هـ‬a well) V to ‫ غواية‬gawāya error, sin; seduction,
evacuate the bowels, relieve nature temptation, enticement, allurement
‫ غوط‬gauṭ pl. ‫ غوط‬gūṭ, ‫ اغواط‬agwāṭ, ‫غياط‬ ‫ اغوية‬ugwiya pl. ‫ اغاوى‬agāwīy pitfall,
giyāṭ, ‫ غيطان‬gīṭān cavity, hollow, trap
depression
‫ اغواء‬igwā’ seduction, temptation,
‫ الغوطة‬al-gūṭa name of the fertile oasis enticement, allurement
on the south side of Damascus
‫ غاو‬gāwin tempter, seducer, enticer,
‫ غويط‬gawīṭ deep allurer; (pl. ‫ غواة‬guwāh) amateur, fan,
‫ غائط‬gā’iṭ human excrements, feces lover, dilettante, dabbler
2
‫ غوطى‬gūṭī Gothic ‫ مَغواة‬mugawwāh pl. ‫مَغويات‬
mugawwayāt pitfall, trap
‫ غاغة‬gāga mob, rabble, riffraff; noise, clamor,
din, tumult ‫ غى‬II to hoist (‫ هـ‬a flag)

‫ غوغاء‬gaugā’2 mob, rabble, riffraff; ‫ غاية‬gāya pl. -āt extreme limit; utmost
noise, clamor, din, tumult degree, the outmost, extremity; aim, goal,
end, objective, intention, intent, design,
(‫ غال )غول‬gāla u (gaul) to take (away) purpose, destination (of a journey) │ ‫لغاية‬
unawares, snatch, seize, grab (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., (with foll. genit.) as far as, up to, to the
s.th.); to destroy (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII = I; to extent of, until, till; ‫ للغاية‬extremely, very
assassinate, murder (‫ ه‬s.o.) (much); 688 ‫( كان غاية في الجمال‬gāyatan,
‫ غال‬gāl pl. -āt (syr.) padlock jamāl) to be of extraordinary beauty; ‫الغاية‬
‫( تبرر الواسطة‬tubarriru l-wāsitata) the end
‫ غول‬gūl usually fem., pl. ‫ اغوال‬agwāl, ‫غي‬ justifies the means; ‫ انطلق لغايته‬to head or
‫ لان‬gīlān ghoul, a desert demon appearing set out for one’s destination
in ever varying shapes; demon, jinni,
goblin, sprite; ogre, cannibal; calamity, ‫ غى‬and ‫ غية‬see ‫غوي‬
disaster O ‫ غائية‬gā’īya finality (philos.)
‫ غيلة‬gīla assassination │ ‫قتله غيلة‬ (‫ غاب )غيب‬gāba i (gaib, ‫ غيبة‬gaiba, ‫غياب‬
(gīlatan) to assassinate s.o. giyāb, ‫ غيبوبة‬gaibūba, ‫ مَغيب‬magīb) to be
‫ اغتيال‬igtiyā1 pl. -āt murder(ing), or remain absent, be or stay away; to
assassination absent o.s. withdraw (‫ عن‬from), leave (‫عن‬
s.o., s.th.); to vanish (‫ عن‬from s.o.’s sight,
‫ غائلة‬gā’ila pl. ‫ غوائل‬gawā’il2 calamity, from s.o., from s.th.); to disappear, be
disaster; ruin, havoc, danger swallowed up (‫ في‬in); to hide, be hidden,
‫ غوى‬gawā i (‫ غي‬gayy, ‫ غواية‬gawāya) to stray be concealed (‫ عن‬from); -- (‫ مَغيب‬magīb) to
from the right way, go astray, err (in one’s set, go down (sun, and the like) │ ‫غاب‬
actions); to misguide, mislead, lead astray ‫ الشيء عن باله‬the matter has slipped from
(‫ ه‬s.o.), seduce, tempt, entice, lure, induce his memory, he has forgotten the matter;
(‫ ب ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); gawiya a to covet, ‫( غاب عن صوابه‬ṣawābihī) to lose
desire, like II to misguide, mislead, lead consciousness, faint, swoon, become
unconscious; ‫ غاب عن الوجود‬do.; ‫لَ تغيب عنه‬ ‫ مَغيب‬magīb absence; setting (of the
‫( الشمس‬šamsu) it is not veiled in darkness sun)
II to lead away, take away, carry away, ‫ تغيب‬tagayyub absence, nonattendance,
remove (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to cause (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., being away, staying away, truancy
s.th.) to disappear; to hide, conceal ( ,‫عن هـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th. from); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) forget ‫ اغتياب‬igtiyāb slander, calumniation,
everything, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) oblivious of defamation; gossip about (genit.)
everything │ ‫ غيبه عن الوجود‬it drove him ‫ غائب‬gā’ib pl. -ūn, ‫ غيب‬guyyab, ‫غياب‬
out of his mind; ‫( غيبه الثرى‬tarā) the earth guyyāb absent, not present, not there;
covered, or buried, him V to be absent, be hidden, concealed, unseen, invisible; third
away, stay away (‫ عن‬from s.o., from s.th.); person (gram.)
to be not present, be not there; to play
truant, play hooky (‫ عن‬from school) VIII ‫ مَغيبات‬mugayyibāt narcotics,
to slander, calumniate (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to use stupefacients, anesthetics
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬absence for maligning him, ‫ مَغيب‬mugayyab hidden, concealed,
backbite (‫ ه‬s.o.); to slander, calumniate (‫ه‬ invisible; pl. ‫ المغيبات‬al-mugayyabāt the
s.o.) hidden, transcendental things, the divine
‫ غيب‬gaib absence; hidden, concealed, secrets 689
invisible; -- (pl. ‫ غيوب‬guyūb) that which is ‫ مَغيب‬mugib and ‫ مَغيبة‬woman whose
hidden, the invisible; that which is husband is absent, grass widow
transcendental, the supernatural; divine
secret │ ‫ غيبا‬gaiban or ‫( عن ظهر الغيب‬ẓahri ‫ مَتغيب‬mutagayyib absent (‫ عن‬from)
l-g.) by heart, from memory; ‫علم الغيوب‬ ‫ مَغتاب‬mugtāb slanderer, calumniator
‘allām al-g. he who thoroughly knows the
‫ غيتو‬ghetto
invisible, or transcendental, things = God;
‫‘ عالم الغيب‬ālam al-g. the invisible world; (‫ غاث )غيث‬gaja i (gait) to water with rain (‫هـ‬
‫ بظهر الغيب‬bi-ẓahri l-g. behind s.o.’s back, s.th.), send rain (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬upon s.o. upon s.th.,
insidiously, treacherously; ‫نظر بعين الغيب الى‬ of God)
(bi-‘aini l-g.) to foresee, foreknow, divine ‫ غيث‬gait pl. ‫ غيوث‬guyūt, ‫ اغياث‬agyāt
s.th. (abundant) rain
‫ غيبي‬gaibī secret, hidden, invisible ‫ غيد‬VI to walk with a graceful, swinging gait
‫ غابة‬gāba pl. -āt, ‫ غاب‬gāb (coll.) low ‫ غيد‬gayad delicacy, slender shapeliness,
ground, depression, hollow; forest, wood, tenderness, softness (of a woman)
copse, thicket; jungle; reed │ ‫الغاب الهندي‬
(hindī) bamboo ‫ غادة‬gāda pl. -āt young girl, young lady
‫ غيبة‬gaiba absence; concealment, ‫ اغياد‬agyād2, ‫ غيداء‬gaidā’ 2, ‫ غيد‬gīd
invisibility young and delicate; ‫ الغيد‬the young ladies
‫ غيبة‬gāba slander, calumniation, (‫ غار )غير‬gāra a (‫ غيرة‬gaira) to be jealous (‫مَن‬
calumny of); to display zeal, vie (‫ على‬for); to be
solicitous (‫ على‬about. for); to guard or
‫ غياب‬giyāb absence, being away; setting protect jealously (‫ على مَن‬s.o., s.th. from) II
(of the sun) to alter, modify, make different (‫ مَن‬or ‫هـ‬
‫ غيابي‬giyābī: ‫( حكم غيابي‬ḥukm) judgment s.th.), change (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to be dissimilar,
by default (jur.); ‫ غيابيا‬giyābīyan in be different, differ; to be in contrast (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
absence, in absentia (jur.) to), be unlike s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)هـ‬to change
(‫ هـ‬e.g., a garment); to interchange,
‫ غيابة‬gayāba pl. -āt bottom, depth (of a
exchange (‫ بين‬between); to haggle,
well, of a dungeon, of a ditch, and the
bargain, chaffer (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to vie,
like)
compete (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to make jealous (‫ه‬
‫ غيبوبة‬gaibūba swoon, faint, s.o.) V to be altered, be modified, be
unconsciousness; trance, daze, stupor changed, change, alter, vary, undergo an
alteration or change VI to differ, be bandage (of a wound) │ ‫ قطع الغيار‬qiṭa‘ al-
different, be heterogeneous g. spare parts
‫ غير‬gair other than (with dependent ‫ تغير‬tagayyur pl. -āt alteration,
genit.), different from, unlike, no, not, variation, change
non-, un-, in-, dis-; (prep.) gaira except, ‫ مَغاير‬mugāyir: ‫ مَغاير للداب‬indecent,
save, but │ ‫ الغير‬the others, fellow men, immoral
neighbors; ‫ وغير ذلك‬,‫ وغيره‬and the like, and
so forth, and so on, et cetera; and others, ‫ مَتغير‬mutagayyir changeable, variable,
and other things, et alii, et alia; ‫ لَ غير‬and liable to change or alteration │ ‫تيار مَغير‬
‫( ليس غير‬gairu) (and) that’s all, nothing (tayyār) alternating current (el.)
else, no more, nothing but, only, merely, (‫ غاض )غيض‬gāḍa i (gaiḍ, ‫ مَغاض‬magāḍ)
solely; ‫ غير ان‬gaira anna except that ..., to decrease, diminish, recede, become
however, but, yet, ...though; ‫ غير واحد‬gaira less, dwindle away │ ‫( غاض لونه‬launuhū)
wāḥidin more than one, several; ‫غير مَرة‬ his face lost all color, he turned pale
gaira marratin, more than once, quite
often, frequently; ‫ بغير‬bi-gairi or ‫مَن غير‬ ‫ غيض‬gaiḍ prematurely born fetus
gairi without; (‫ في غير )مَا‬fī gairi (mā) ‫ غيضة‬gaiḍa pl. -āt, ‫ غياض‬giyāḍ, ‫اغياض‬
without (generally followed agyāḍ thicket, jungle
by abstract noun), ‫( في غير ترو‬tarawwin) ‫ غيط‬gaiṭ pl. ‫ غيطان‬gīṭān field
without thinking, unhesitatingly; ‫في غير مَا‬
‫( تهيب‬tahayyubin) without fear; ‫على غير‬ (‫ غاظ )غيط‬gāẓa i (gaiẓ) to anger, enrage,
‫( مَعرفة مَنه‬ma‘rifatin) or ‫مَن غير علم مَنه‬ infuriate, irritate, exasperate, vex, gall (‫ه‬
(‘ilmin) without his knowing or having s.o.) II and IV = I; V to become
known it, without his knowledge, furious, become angry (‫ مَن‬with s.o., at
unwittingly s.th.) VII and VIII = V
‫ غيري‬gairī altruist ‫ غيظ‬gaiẓ wrath, anger, ire, exasperation,
‫ غيرية‬gairīya altruism fury, rage

‫ غير‬giyar, ‫ غير الدهر‬g. ad-dahr ‫ اغتياظ‬igtiyāẓ wrath, anger, ire,


vicissitudes of fate exasperation, fury, rage

‫ غيرة‬gaira jealously; zeal, fervor, ‫ مَنغاظ‬mungāẓ angry, irate, furious,


earnest concern, vigilant care, solicitude ( enraged
‫ على‬for); sense of honor, self-respect ‫ مَغتاظ‬mugtāẓ angry, irate, furious,
‫ غيور‬gayūr pl. ‫ غير‬guyur (very) jealous; enraged
zealous, fervid, eager (‫ على‬in, in the 1
‫ غيل‬gīl pl. ‫ اغيال‬agyāl thicket
pursuit of), keen, eagerly intent (‫ على‬on),
‫ غال‬gāl pl. -āt (syr.) padlock
earnestly concerned (‫ على‬with),
2
enthusiastic (‫ على‬for) ‫ غيلة‬gīla and ‫ غيلن‬gīlān see ‫غول‬
‫ غيران‬gairān2, f. ‫ غيرى‬gairā, pl. ‫غياري‬ (‫ غام )غيم‬gāma i (gaim) to become cloudy,
gayāra = ‫غيور‬ become overcast (sky); to become fogged,
become blurred II do.; to form clouds; to
‫ تغيير‬tagyīr pl. -āt changing, alteration,
billow, float, waft (smoke) IV agāma and
modification, variation; change,
agyama = I
replacement, relief
‫ غيم‬gaim (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ غيوم‬guyūm
‫ تغيير‬tagyīra pl. ‫تغايير‬tagāyīr2 exchange,
‫ غيام‬giyām clouds; mist, fog
interchange, change, replacement; lending
of books and manuscripts sheet by sheet ‫ غائم‬gā’im clouded, overcast; cloudy
(one malzama after the other; eg.) ‫ مَتغيم‬mutagayyim clouded, overcast
‫ غيار‬giyār exchange, interchange, 1
‫ غين‬gain pl. -āt, ‫ غيون‬guyūn, ‫ اغيان‬agyān name
change, replacement; (pl. -āt) dressing, of the letter ‫غ‬
‫ غينة‬gaina dimple on the cheek ‫ فازلين‬fazlīn, vazlīn vazeline
2
‫ غيني‬gīnī: ‫( خنزير غيني‬kinzīr) guinea pig ‫ فأس‬fa’s f., pl. ‫ فؤوس‬fu’ūs, ‫ افؤس‬af’us ax,
hatchet; hoe
‫ غينيا‬gīniya Guinea │ ‫ غينيا الجديدة‬Gīniyā
1
l-jadīda New Guinea ‫ فاس‬fās = ‫ فأس‬fa’s
2
‫ غيهب‬see ‫غهب‬ ‫ فاس‬fās2 Fez or Fès (city in Morocco)
‫ فاشستي‬fāšistī fascist(ic); a fascist
‫ فاشستية‬fāšistīya fascism
‫ فاشي‬fāšī fascist(ic); a fascist
‫ف‬ ‫ فاشية‬fāšīya fascism
1
‫ ف‬abbreviation of ‫ فدان‬faddān (a square ‫ فاصوليا‬fāṣūliyā (eg.-syr.) common European
measure) bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; bot.)
2
‫ ف‬fa (conj.) then, and then; and so, thus, ‫ فأفأ‬fa’fa’a to stammer, stutter
hence, therefore; but then, then however;
for, because; (with subjective:) so that │ ‫( فاكون‬Fr. wagon) fākōn pl. ‫ فواكين‬fawākīn2
‫( يومَا فيومَا‬yauman) day after day, day by (railroad) car, coach
day; ‫( شيئا فشيئا‬šai’an) gradually, step by ‫ فأل‬VI to regard as a good omen, as an
step; ‫( امَر فقتلوه‬fa-qatalūhu) he ordered him auspicious beginning (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be
to be killed optimistic
‫ فان‬fa-inna (with foll. suffix or noun in ‫ فأل‬fa’l pl. ‫ فؤول‬fu’ūl, ‫ افؤل‬af’ul good
acc.) for, because omen, favorable auspice; optimistic
‫ فاء‬name of the letter ‫ف‬ outlook, hope; omen, auspice, sign │ ‫قرأ‬
‫ الفأل‬to tell fortunes, predict the future
‫ فابريقة‬fābrīqa and ‫ فابريكة‬pl. -āt, ‫ فبارك‬fabārik2
factory, plant ‫ تفاؤل‬tafā’ul optimism
‫ فأت‬VIII to tell lies (‫ على‬about); to take violent ‫ مَتفائل‬mutafā’il optimistic; optimist
measures (‫ على‬against); to violate (‫ على‬a ‫( فالس‬Fr. valse) vals waltz
duty, etc.); pass. ‫ افتئت‬uftu’ita to 691 die
suddenly │ ‫( افتأت برئيه‬bi-ra’yihī) to act on ‫ فالوذج‬fālūdaj a sweet made of flour and honey
one’s own judgment ‫ فالوذجى‬fālūdajī soft and flabby, like
‫ افتآت‬ifti’āt oppression, violence fālūdaj
‫( فاتورة‬It. fattura) fātūra pl. ‫ فواتير‬fawātīr2 ‫ فئام‬fi’ām group (of people)
invoice, bill ‫ فإن‬fa-inna see 2‫ ف‬fa
‫ الفاتيكان‬al-fātīkān, al-vatikān the Vatican ‫ فانلة‬fanella and ‫ فانل‬pl. -āt flannel; undershirt;
‫ فؤاد‬fu’ād pl. ‫ افئدة‬af’ida heart pl. ‫ فانلت‬fanellāt underwear, underclothing
‫ فؤادية‬fu’ādīya “Fuad cap”, summer ‫ فانوس‬fānūs pl. ‫ فوانيس‬fawānīs2 lantern │ ‫فانوس‬
field-cup of the Egyptian Air Force (1939) ‫( سحري‬siḥrī) laterna magica, magic
lantern; (slide) projector
‫ فأر‬fa’r (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ فئران‬fi’rān mouse;
rat ‫ فئة‬fi’a pl. -āt group, class; troop, band, party;
platoon (of light arms; Syr., mil.); rate (of
‫ فار‬fār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ فيران‬fīrān mouse; rat taxation), (tax) bracket; tax, rate, fee;
‫ فارة‬fāra (= ‫ فأرة‬fa’ra) mouse; (pl. -āt) price
plane (tool) ‫ فاوريقة‬fāwarīqa pl. ‫ فوارق‬fawārīq2 factory plant
‫ فارس‬fāris2 Persia, also ‫بلد فارس‬ □ ‫ فايظ‬fāyiẓ (=‫ )فائض‬see ‫فيظ‬
‫ فارسي‬fārisī Persian; a Persian ‫ فبراير‬fabrāyir February
‫ فاروز‬fārūz turquoise ‫ فبارك‬fabārik2 (pl.) factories, plants
‫ فت‬fatta u (fatt) to weaken, undermine, sap (‫في‬ ‫ فتح‬opening; introduction,
s.th.) │ ‫ في ساعده‬or ‫‘( فت في عضده‬aḍudihī) commencement, beginning │ ‫فتح الَعتماد‬
to weaken s.o., sap s.o.’s strength, opening of a credit, presentation of a letter
discourage, enervate s.o. II to crumble, of credit; -- (pl. ‫ فتوح‬futūḥ, ‫ فتوحات‬futūḥāt)
fritter (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to divide into small conquest; victory, triumph; pl. ‫فتوحات‬
fragments (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ (‫يفتت القلب )الكباد‬ alms; donations, contributions (for a
(qalba) heartbreaking, heart-rending V to zāwiya; Tun.)
crumble, disintegrate, break up into ‫ فتحة‬the vowel point a (gram.)
fragments VII = V 692
‫ فتحة‬futḥa pl. ‫ فتح‬futaḥ, -āt opening,
‫ فتة‬fatta a kind of bread soup aperture, breach, gap, hole; sluice
‫ فتات‬futāt crumbs, morsels ‫ فتاح‬fattāḥ opener (of the gates of profit,
‫ فتيت‬fatīt crumbs, crumbled bread of sustenance; one of the attributes of
God)
‫ فتيتة‬fatīta a kind of bread soup
‫ فتاحة‬fattāḥa pl. -āt can opener
‫ فتأ‬fata’a a and ‫ فتئ‬fati’a a (with negation) not
to cease, to be (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫ فتئ‬fati’a a (‫فتء‬ ‫ مَفتاح‬miftāḥ pl. ‫ مَفاتيح‬mafātīḥ2 key (to a
fat’) to desist, refrain (‫ عن‬from), cease (‫عن‬ door, of a keyboard, esp. that of a piano);
doing s.th.), stop (‫ عن‬s.th., doing s.th.) │ ‫مَا‬ switch (el., railroad); lever, pedal (of a
‫ فتئ يفعل‬not to cease doing, do incessantly vehicle); knob (on a radio); stop (of a
wind instrument); valve (of a trumpet);
‫ فتح‬fataḥa a (fatḥ) to open (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
peg, pin (of a stringed instrument)
turn on (‫ هـ‬a faucet); to switch on, turn on
(‫ هـ‬an apparatus); to dig (‫ هـ‬a canal); to ‫ مَفتاحجي‬miftāḥjī (railroad) switchman
build (‫ هـ‬a road) ; to open, preface, ‫ مَفاتحة‬mufātaḥa opening of a
introduce, begin (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to conquer, conversation
capture (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to reveal, disclose (‫هـ على‬
to s.o. s.th.); to grant victory or success (‫هـ‬ ‫ افتتاح‬iftitāḥ opening, inauguration;
‫ على‬to s.o. over or in s.th.; of God), give introduction, beginning │ ‫ ليلة الَفتتاح‬lailat
into s.o.’s (‫ )على‬power (‫ هـ‬s.th.; of God); to al-ift. première, opening night
open the gates (of profit) (‫ على‬to s.o.; of ‫ افتتاحي‬iftitāḥī opening, introductory,
God); to infuse, imbue, inspire, endow (‫ب‬ preliminary, prefatory, proemial;
or ‫ هـ على‬s.o. with; of God); (gram.) to inaugurational │ ‫( مَبلغ افتتاحي‬mablag)
pronounce with the vowel a (‫ هـ‬a opening bid, lowest bid (at auctions); ‫فصل‬
consonant) │ ‫( فتح البخت‬bakta) to tell ‫( )مَقال( افتتاحي‬faṣl, maqāl) and ‫مَقالة افتتاحية‬
fortunes; ‫‘( فتح عينيه على آخرهما‬ainaihi) to (maqāla) editorial, leading article, leader; ‫ل‬
open one’s eyes wide, stare wide-eyed; ‫فتح‬ ‫( يلة افتتاحية‬laila) première, opening night
‫( الشهية‬šahīyata) to stimulate the appetite II
to open (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (of a dower) to open III ‫ استفتاحية‬iftiftāḥīya editorial, leading
to address first (‫ ه‬s.o.), speak first (‫ ه‬to article, leader; overture (mus.)
s.o.); to open the conversation or talk (‫في ه‬ ‫ استفتاح‬istiftāḥ start, beginning,
with s.o. about); to disclose (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب ه‬to commencement, inception, incipience;
s.o. s.th.), let s.o. (‫ )ه‬in on s.th. (‫ هـ‬or ‫ )ب‬V earnest money, handsel
to open, open up, unfold (intr.); to be
opened (‫ عن‬so that s.th. becomes ‫ فاتح‬fātiḥ opener; beginner; conqueror,
perceptible); to be open, be responsive victor; light (color) │ ‫ فاتح البخت‬f. al-bakt
(heart) VII to open, open up, unfold (intr.); fortuneteller; ‫ ارزق فاتح‬light-blue 693
to be opened VIII to open, inaugurate (‫هـ‬ ‫ فاتحة‬fātiḥa pl. ‫ فواتح‬fawātiḥ2 start,
s.th.); to introduce, preface, begin (‫ب ه‬ opening, beginning, commencement,
s.th. with); to conquer, capture (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X inception, incipience; introduction,
to begin, start, commence (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to seek preface, preamble, proem │ ‫ الفاتحة‬or ‫فاتحة‬
the assistance of God (‫ على‬against), ‫ الكتاب‬name of the first sura
implore God for victory (‫ على‬over)
‫ مَفتوح‬maftūḥ opened, open │ ‫الباب مَفتوح‬ supervise, superintend, control, inspect (
‫( على مَصراعيه‬miṣrā‘aihi) the door is wide ‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to be in charge,
open exercise supervision, control, or
inspection (‫ على‬of)
‫ مَفتح‬mufattaḥ appetizing; (pl. -āt)
aperitif ‫ فتاش‬fattāš thorough examiner,
investigator, explorer, researcher
‫ مَفتتح‬muftataḥ start, beginning,
commencement, inception, opening, ‫ تفتيش‬taftīš pl. ‫ تفاتيش‬tafātīš2
inauguration examination, scrutiny, searching, search;
2 investigation; inquiry, research,
‫ فتر‬fatara u (‫ فتور‬futūr) to abate, subside; to
exploration; supervision, superintendence,
become listless, become languid, languish,
control, charge; inspection; survey,
flag, slacken; to cool off, become tepid,
review; controlling body, board of control;
become lukewarm (water); to slacken,
inquisition; circle of irrigation, irrigation
flag, become lax, become remiss, let up (
district, also ‫ تفتيش الري‬t. ar-rīy (Eg.) │
‫ عن‬in) II to cause (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to subside,
‫( تفتيش جوي‬jawwī) aerial inspection
abate, allay, mitigate, ease, soothe (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to make languid, make listless, ‫ تفتيشي‬taftīšī išnvestigational,
exhaust, slacken. weaken, sap, enfeeble (‫هـ‬ investigatory, examining, examinatory
‫ ه‬, s.o., s.th.); to make tepid (‫ هـ‬water) IV ‫ مَفتش‬mufattiš inspector, supervisor │
to make languid, make listless, exhaust, ‫( مَفتش بيطري‬baiṭarī) veterinary inspector
Blacken, weaken, sap, enfeeble (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., (Eg.); ‫ مَفتش الري‬m. ar-rīy irrigation
s.th.) V to become listless, become inspector (Eg.)
languid, languish, flag, slacken; to become
tepid, become lukewarm (water) ‫ مَفتشية‬mufattišīya inspectorate
‫ فتر‬fitr pl. ‫ افتار‬aftār small span (the ‫ فتفت‬fatfata to speak secretly (‫ الى‬to); to fritter,
space between the end of the thumb and crumble (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. bread)
the end of the index finger when ‫ فتفوتة‬fatfūta pl. ‫ فتافيت‬fatāfīt2 crumb,
extended); corner morsel (esp. of bread)
‫ فترة‬fatra lassitude, languor, listlessness, ‫ فتق‬fataqa u (fatq) to undo the sewing (
slackness, weakness, feebleness, debility; ‫ هـ‬of s.th., e.g., of a garment), unsew,
tepidity, indifference, coolness (of a unstitch, rip, rip open, tear apart, rend,
feeling); -- (pl. fatarāt) interval of time, slash, slit 694 open (‫ هـ‬s.th.), │ ‫فتق الذهن‬
intermission, pause; period, spell, while │ (dihna) to make s.o. see his way clear,
‫ فترة الَنتقال‬transition period; ‫بين فترة واخرى‬ cause s.o. to see things in their true light;
(wa-ukrā) now and then, from time to ‫( الضرورة تفتق الحيلة‬ḥīlata) necessity is the
time; ‫ في الفترة بعد الفترة‬at certain intervals, mother of invention; ‫ فتقت له حيلة‬futiqat
now and then, off and on, once in a while lahū ḥīlatun a ruse came to his mind II to
‫ فتور‬futūr lassitude, languor, unsew, unstitch, rip, tear, etc. (= I; ‫ هـ‬s.th.)
listlessness, slackness, laxity, slackening, V to be unsewn, be unstitched (e.g., a
flagging; tepidity garment), be ripped open, be torn apart, be
rent, be slashed, be slit open; to bring
‫ فاتر‬fātir languid, weak, feeble, listless, forth, produce (‫ عن‬s.th.); to hatch,
slack, loose, flabby; dull, listsless, contrive, devise (‫ عن‬s.th., fig., of the
stagnant (stock exchange); tepid, mind) VII to be unsewn, be unstitched
lukewarm (e.g., a garment), be ripped open, be torn
‫ مَتفتر‬mutafattir intermittent apart, be rent, be slashed, be slit open; to
2 bring forth, produce (‫ عن‬s.th.)
‫ فاتورة‬pl. ‫ فواتر‬look up alphabetically
‫ فتق‬fatq pl. ‫ فتوق‬futūq rip, rent, tear,
‫ فتش‬II to examine (thoroughly), scrutinize,
cleft, crack, fissure, slit, slash; hole (e.g.,
search, investigate, explore (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
in a stocking); hernia, rupture (med.) │
look, search (‫ هـ‬into s.th.); to inquire (‫عن‬
about, after), look, search (‫ عن‬for); to
‫( مَصاب بالفتق‬muṣāb) afflicted with hernia; ‫ مَفتول‬maftūl strapping, sturdy, husky;
person suffering from hernia (watch) tower (Nejd) │ ‫مَفتول الساعد‬
muscular, brawny, strong, husky, burly
‫ فتاق‬fitāq hernia, rupture (med.)
‫ فتن‬falana i (fatn, ‫ فتون‬futūn) to turn away (‫مَن ه‬
‫ فتيق‬fatīq unstitched, ripped, ripped
s.o. from); to subject to temptations or
open, slit, rent, torn; sharp
trials, seduce, tempt, entice, allure, beguile
‫ مَفتوق‬maftūq unstitched, ripped, ripped (‫ ه‬s.o.); to enamor, charm, enchant,
open, slit, rent, torn; afflicted with hernia captivate, enthrall, enrapture, fascinate,
‫ فتك‬fataka u i (fatk) to assassinate, murder, infatuate (. s.o.); -- fatana i (fatn) to
slay, kill (‫ ب‬s.o.), destroy, annihilate (‫ب‬ torture, torment (‫ ه‬s.o.); to denounce (‫على‬
s.th.); to attack suddenly, assault (‫ ب‬s.o.) s.o.), inform (‫ على على‬against s.o.); pass.
│ ‫( فتك به فتكا ذريعا‬fatkan darī‘an) to cut off, futina to be charmed, be enraptured, be
destroy, wipe out, eradicate, extirpate, infatuated (‫ ب‬by), be enamored (‫ ب‬of), be
exterminate s.o.; to decimate, thin the in love (‫ ب‬with); to be crazy (‫ ب‬over), be
ranka of ... (esp., said of a disease) like mad (695 ‫ ب‬after) IV to enamor,
charm, enchant, captivate, enthrall,
‫ فتك‬fatk assassination, murder; enrapture, fascinate, infatuate (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII
destruction, annihilation to subject to temptations (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be
‫ فتكة‬fatka pl. -āt devastation, ravage, charmed, be tempted, be infatuated; act.
havoc iftatana and pass. uftutina: to be subjected
to temptations, be lead from the right
‫ فتاك‬fattāk deadly, lethal, murderous; of course; pass. uftutina = futina
disastrous effect, wreaking havoc (‫ ب‬on)
‫ فتنة‬fitna pl. ‫ فتن‬fitan temptation, trial;
‫ افتك‬aftak2 deadlier, more destructive charm, charmingness, attractiveness;
‫ فاتك‬fātik pl. ‫ فتاك‬futtāk assassin, enchantment, captivation, fascination,
murderer, killer enticement, temptation; infatuation;
intrigue; sedition, riot, discord, dissension,
‫ فتل‬fatala i (fatl) to twist together, twine,
civil strife
entwine, plait, throw (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to spin (‫هـ‬
s.th.) II to twist, twine, wreathe, wind, ‫ فتان‬fattān fascinating, captivating,
weave, plait (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to splice (‫ هـ‬a rope) enchanting, charming; tempter, seducer;
V to be twisted, be twined, be plaited, be denunciator, informer, slanderer
woven, be wound VII = V; to turn on ;jil alu.,,· more charming, more
one’s heel and leave, turn away (‫ مَن‬from) attractive, more delightful
│ ‫ انفتل مَن الباب‬to slip out the door
‫ مَفاتن‬mafātin2 charming qualities;
‫ فتلة‬fatla (n. vic.) twist(ing), twining, charms; magic powers
plaiting; (eg.; pl. ‫ فتل‬fital) thread │ ‫شمع‬
‫( الفتلة‬šlammā‘a) to make off, make a ‫ فاتن‬fātin pl. ‫ فواتن‬fawātin2 tempting,
getaway, beat it alluring, seductive, fascinating,
captivating, enchanting, charming;
‫ فتيل‬fatīl twisted, twined, entwined, tempter, seducer
plaited, wreathed, wound, woven, coiled;
-- (pl. -āt, ‫ فتائل‬fatā’il) wick; gauze ‫ مَفتون‬maftūn fascinated, captivated,
tampon; fuse, slow match, match cord │ َ‫ل‬ infatuated, enraptured, charmed (‫ ب‬by);
‫( يغني فتيلا‬yugnī) it is of no use at all (‫ مَن‬to enamored (‫ ب‬of), in love (‫ ب‬with);
s.o.), it won’t help him (‫ )عنه‬a bit, it isn’t madman, maniac
worth a farthing; ‫( لَ يجدي فتيل‬yujdī) = َ‫ل‬ (‫ فتو‬and ‫ فتى )فتي‬fatiya a (‫ فتاء‬fatā’) to be
‫يغني فتيل‬ youthful, young, adolescent IV to give a
‫ فتيلة‬fatīla pl. -āt, ‫ فتائل‬fatā’il2 wick; O formal legal opinion (‫ في ه‬to s.o. in or
filament of a light bulb regarding; Isl. Law); to furnish (‫ ه‬s.o.)
with information (‫ في‬about), expound, set
‫ فتال‬fattāl ropemaker, cordmaker forth (‫ في ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to deliver an
opinion (‫ في‬about), decide by a legal
opinion (‫ ب‬for or in favor of s.th.), state as ‫ فج‬fajja u (fajj): ‫( فج رجليه‬rijlaihi) to straddle IV
a (legal) opinion (‫ بان‬that) X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to stride, hurry
for a formal legal opinion (‫ في‬in or ‫ فج‬fajj pl. ‫ فجاج‬fijāj way, road between
regarding; Isl. Law); to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for a two mountains │ ‫ مَن كل فج عميق‬or ‫مَن كل فج‬
formal opinion (‫ في‬about), request ‫( وصوب‬wa-ṣaubin) from all sides, from all
information (‫ في ه‬of s.o. about), seek s.o.’s directions, from everywhere
(‫ )ه‬counsel (‫ في‬in, about), consult (‫ في ه‬s.o.
in, about), ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬opinion (‫ في‬about) ‫ فج‬fijj unripe, green (fruit); blunt, rude
(speech)
‫ فتى‬fatan pl. ‫ فتيان‬futyān, ‫ فتية‬fitya youth,
adolescent, juvenile, young man; slave; ‫ فجأ‬faja’a and ‫ فجئ‬faji’a a (‫ فجء‬faj’, ‫ فجأة‬faj’a,
hero; pl. young people, adolescents, ‫ فجاءة‬fujā’a) and III to come suddenly,
juveniles descend unexpectedly (‫ ه‬upon s.o.),
confront (‫ ه‬s.o.) suddenly or unexpectedly,
‫ فتاة‬fatāh pl. ‫ فتيات‬fatayāt young woman, take (‫ ه‬s.o.) by surprise, surprise (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
(young) girl with), attack, assail (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ فتاء‬fatā’ youth, adolescence ‫ فجأة‬faj’atan suddenly, unexpectedly,
‫ فتي‬fatīy youthful, juvenile, adolescent, inadvertently, unawares
young ‫ فجاءة‬fujā’atan suddenly, unexpectedly,
‫ فتية‬fatīya youthfulness, juvenility inadvertently, unawares
‫ فتوى‬fatwā pl. ‫ فتاو‬fatāwin, ‫ فتاوى‬fatāwā ‫ فجائي‬fujā’ī sudden, unexpected,
futwa, formal legal opinion (Isl. Law) surprising
‫ فتيا‬futyā formal legal opinion (Isl. Law) ‫ مَفاجأة‬mufāja’a pl. ‫ مَفاجآت‬mufāja’āt
surprise
‫ فتوة‬futūwa youth, adolescence; the
totality of the noble, chivalrous qualities ‫ فاجئ‬fāji’ sudden, unexpected,
of a man, noble manliness, magnanimity, surprising
generosity, nobleheartedness, chivalry; ‫ مَفاجئ‬mufāji’ sudden, unexpected,
designation of Islamic brotherhoods of the surprising; pl. ‫ مَفاجئات‬surprising events,
Middle Ages, governed by chivalrous surprises
precepts; name of several youth
organizations in Arabic countries; (eg.; pl. ‫ فجر‬fajara u (fajr) to cleave, break up, dig up (
-āt) bully, brawler. rowdy, tough; ‫ هـ‬e.g., the ground); -- (‫ فجور‬fujūr) to act
racketeer (eg.) immorally, sin, live licentiously, lead a
dissolute life, indulge in debauchery; to
‫ افتاء‬iftā’ deliverance of formal legal commit adultery II to create an outlet or
opinions (Isl. Law); office of mufti (Isl. passage (‫ هـ‬for water, and the like), let (‫هـ‬
Law); deliverance of formal opinions, water, and the like) flow or pour forth; to
advising, advice, counseling split, cleave (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to explode (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ استفتاء‬istiftā’ request for a formal legal IV to commit adultery V to gush out, spurt
opinion (Isl. Law); consulting, forth, break forth, break out, erupt, burst
consultation; referendum, plebiscite, also out VII = V; to go off, discharge, burst; to
‫ استفتاء الشعب‬ist. aš-ša‘b and ‫استفتاء شعبي‬ burst forth; to explode, detonate; to
(ša‘bī) overflow (‫ ب‬with); to descend suddenly,
break in, rush in, swoop down (‫ على‬upon)
‫ مَفت‬muftin pl. ·fl" deliverer of formal
legal oplnions (Isl. Law); official ‫ فجر‬fajr dawn, daybreak, morning
expounder of Islamic law, mufti │ ‫مَفتي‬ twilight; dawn (fig.), beginning, outset,
‫( الديار المصرية‬miṣrīya) Grand Mufti of start; (f.) morning prayer (Isl. Law)
Egypt; ‫ سماحة المفتي‬samāḥat al-m. (title of a ‫ فجور‬fujūr immorality, iniquity,
mufti) His Eminence the Mufti depravation, dissolution, debauchery,
‫ فثأ‬fata’a a (‫ فثء‬fat’) to quench, still (‫ هـ‬s.th., licentiousness, profligacy, dissolute life,
hunger, thirst, also fig.) 696 fornication, whoredom
‫ تفجر‬tafajjur outbreak, outburst, ‫ فجل‬fujl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ فجول‬fujūl radish
eruption (Raphanus sativus L.; bot.)
‫ انفجار‬infijār pl. -āt outbreak, outburst, (‫ فجا )فجو‬fajā u (fajw) to open (‫ هـ ه‬door)
eruption; explosion, detonation │ ‫مَواد‬ ‫ فجوة‬fajwa pl. fajawāt, ‫ فجاء‬fijā’
‫ الَنفجار‬mawādd al-inf. explosives opening, aperture, breach, gap, interstice;
‫ انفجاري‬infijārī explosive, blasting (adj.) (horisontal) tombstone
‫ فاجر‬fājir pl. ‫ فجار‬fujjār, ‫ فجرة‬fajara ‫ فح‬faḥḥa u i (faḥḥ, ‫ فحيح‬faḥīḥ) to hiss (snake),
libertine, profligate, debauchee, roué, whistle (storm)
rake; adulterer; liar; insolent, impudent, ‫ فحش‬faḥuša u (fuḥš) to be monstrous; to be
shameless, brazen excessive, exorbitant; to be detestable,
‫ فاجرة‬fājira pl. ‫ فواجر‬fawājir2 adulteress; abominable, atrocious, obscene, indecent,
whore, harlot foul, shameless, impudent IV to use
obscene language; to commit atrocities VI
‫ مَتفجر‬mutafajjir explosive, blasting
= I and IV
(adj.)
‫ فحش‬fuḥš monstrosity; abominableness,
‫ مَنفجر‬munfajir explosive, blasting (adj.)
atrocity; obscenity, indecency; obscene
‫ فجع‬faja‘a a (faj‘) to inflict suffering language
and grief (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), afflict, distress (‫ه‬
‫ فحشاء‬faḥšā’2 monstrosity, abomination,
s.o.); to make miserable (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬by
atrocity, vile deed, crime; adultery,
bereaving him of s.o.) │ ‫ فجع بولده‬fuji‘a bi-
fornication, whoredom
waladihī he was stricken by the death of
his eon II to torment, torture, distress, ‫ فحاش‬faḥḥāš obscene, lewd, shameless
grieve (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) V to be or become in speech or action │ ‫تأليف فحاش‬
painfully affected, be mentally distressed pornography
‫ فجعة‬faj‘a gluttony ‫ تفاحش‬tafāḥuš monstrosity,
abominableness
‫ فجاعة‬fajā‘a gluttony
‫ فاحش‬fāḥiš monstrous; immoderate,
‫ فجوع‬fajū‘ painful, grievous, trying,
excessive, exorbitant, absurd,
distressing
preposterous, nonsensical; detestable,
‫ فجيعة‬fajī‘a pl. ‫ فجائع‬fajā’i‘2 misfortune, loathsome, abominable, atrocious,
calamity, disaster 697 repugnant, disgusting; dirty, foul, vile,
‫ فجعان‬faj‘ān voracious, insatiable; indecent, obscene; shameless, impudent
glutton, ravenous eater ‫ فاحشة‬fāḥiša harlot, whore, prostitute; --
‫ تفجع‬tafajju‘ agony, mental distress, (pl. ‫ فواحش‬fawāḥiš2) monstrosity,
affliction, suffering, grief abomination, atrocity, vile deed, crime;
adultery, fornication, whoredom
‫ فاجع‬fāji‘ painful, grievous, trying,
distressing ‫ مَفحشة‬mufḥiša harlot, whore

‫ فاجعة‬fāji‘a pl. ‫ فواجع‬fawāji‘ misfortune, ‫ فحص‬faḥaṣa a (faḥṣ) to scratch up (‫هـ‬


diluter, calamity; catastrophe; drama, the ground); to examine (‫ ه‬s.o., also
tragedy medically, ‫ هـ‬s.th.), test (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.),
investigate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), scrutinize (‫هـ‬, s.o.,
‫ مَفجعات‬mufajji‘āt horrors, terrors s.th.); to search (‫ عن‬for), inquire (‫عن‬
‫ تفجعن‬tafaj‘ana to eat greedily, ravenously, be about, into s.th.), seek information (‫عن‬
gluttonous about) V to search (‫ عن‬for), inquire (‫عن‬
about, into s.th.), seek information (‫عن‬
‫ فجعنة‬faj‘ana gluttony about); to examine (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ فجفج‬fajfaja garrulous, loquacious; thoughtless medically)
chatterer, windbag; braggart, boaster, ‫ فحص‬faḥš pl. ‫ فحوص‬fuḥūš test;
swaggerer examination (in general, school, medical);
(medical) checkup; investigation, scrutiny; ‫ فحوى‬faḥwā or ‫ فحواه‬faḥwā2 sense, meaning,
search, inquiry signification, import; purport, tenor (of a
letter, of a speech, etc.)
‫ افحوص‬ufḥūṣ pl. ‫ افاحيص‬afāḥīṣ2 dugout
hollow in the ground in which a bird lays ‫ فخ‬fakk pl. ‫ فخاخ‬fakkāk, ‫ فخوخ‬fukūk: trap, snare
ito eggs, nesting place, breeding place ‫ فخت‬fakata a (fakt) to perforate, pierce (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ فحل‬X to become dreadful, terrible, ‫ فخذ‬fakid, fakd, fikd f., pl. ‫ افخاذ‬afkād thigh; leg
momentous, serious, difficult (‫ على‬for s.o.; (of mutton, etc.); (m.) subdivision of a
affair), to get out of control, become tribe
excessive, become irreparable (damage)
‫ فخذة‬fakda leg (of mutton, etc.)
‫ فحل‬faḥl pl. ‫ فحول‬fuḥūl, ‫ فحولة‬fuḥūla
male (of large animals), stallion; ‫ فخذي‬fakidī, fakdī femoral
outstanding personality, luminary, star, ‫ فخر‬fakara a (fakr, fakar, ‫ فخار‬fakār) to glory (
698 master; a paragon (of) │ ‫الشعراء الفحول‬ ‫ ب‬in), boast (‫ ب‬of s.th.), brag (‫ ب‬of). vaunt
(šu‘arā’) the master poets (‫ ب‬s.th.); to pride o.s. (‫ ب‬upon), be proud (
‫ فحولة‬fuḥūla excellence, perfection ‫ ب‬of); -- fakira a (falfa,) to despise,
disdain III to vie in glory (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
‫ استفحال‬istifḥāl dreadfulness, be proud (‫ ب‬of), pride o.s. (‫ ب‬upon), boast
terribleness, gravity, seriousness; (‫ ب ه‬before s.o. of) V to be proud, haughty
difficulty VI and VIII = I fakara X to find (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَستفحل‬mustafḥil dreadful, terrible; excellent
grave, serious; difficult; overwhelming, ‫ فخر‬fakr glory, pride; honor;
overpowerful, rampant, spreading vainglorious poetry (as a literary genre) │
dangerously ‫ غير فخر‬gaira fakrin or ‫ ولَ فخر‬wa-lā fakra
‫ فحم‬faḥuma u (‫ فحوم‬fuḥūm, ‫فحومَة‬ I say this without boasting
fuḥūma) to be or become black; -- faḥama ‫ فخري‬fakrī honorary, honoris causa
a (faḥm) to be dumfounded, nonplused,
unable to answer II to blacken (with ‫ فخرة‬fukra glory, pride
charcoal), make black (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o. s.th.); to ‫ فخار‬fakār glory, pride
char, carbonize, reduce to charcoal (‫هـ‬
s.th.) IV to dumfound, nonplus, strike ‫ فخور‬fakūr vainglorious, boastful,
dumb (‫ ه‬s.o.); to silence (‫ ه‬s.o.) with bragging; proud (‫ ب‬of)
arguments; to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) off brusquely, ‫ فخير‬fakīr boasting, bragging,
give s.o. (‫ )ه‬the brush-off swaggering, boastful
‫ فحم‬faḥm (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬charcoal(s); ‫ فخار‬fakkār (fired) clay; earthenware,
coal(s); pl. ‫ فحومَات‬fuḥūmāt coals, brands crockery, pottery
of coal │ ‫( فحم حجري‬ḥajarī) soft coal,
bituminous coal; ‫ فحم حطب‬ḥaṭab charcoal; ‫ فخاري‬fakkārī potter’s earthen; potter
‫ فحم قوالب‬briquettes; ‫( فحم كوك‬kōk) coke ‫ فاخورة‬fākūra pottery, earthenware
‫ فحمة‬faḥma pl. faḥamāt lump of coal │ manufactory
‫ فحمة الليل‬f. al-lail deep-black night; -- (pl. ‫ فاخوري‬fākūrī potter
‫ فحام‬fiḥām, ‫ فحوم‬fuḥūm) blackness
‫ افخر‬afkar2 more splendid, more
‫ فحمي‬faḥmī black, coal-black magnificent
‫ فحيم‬faḥīm black ‫ مَفخرة‬mafkara pl. ‫ مَفاخر‬mafākir2 object
‫ فحام‬faḥḥām coal merchant, coal dealer; of pride, s.th. to bout of; glorious deed,
collier, miner exploit, feat; glorious trait or quality 699

‫ فاحم‬fāḥim black │ ‫ اسود فاحم‬aswad or ‫فاح‬ ‫ مَفاخرة‬mufākara boasting, bragging,


‫ م السواد‬f. as-sawād coal, black, pitch, vainglory, pride
black, jet-black ‫ تفاخر‬tafākur boasting, bragging,
vainglory
‫ افتخار‬iftikār pride, vainglory, boasting, ‫ افدح‬afdaḥa2 more oppressive, more
bragging burdensome, more serious, heavier
‫ فاخر‬fākir proud, vainglorious, boastful, ‫ فادح‬fādiḥ burdensome, oppressive;
bragging; outstanding, excellent, first-rate, grave, serious (mistake), heavy (loss), bad
perfect, splendid, superb, glorious, (physical defect)
magnificent; sumptuous, de luxe ‫ فادحة‬fādiḥa pl. ‫ فوادح‬fawādiḥ
‫ مَفاخر‬mufākir boastful, vainglorious, misfortune, calamity
proud ‫ فدخ‬fadaka a (fadk) to break, smash (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَفتخر‬muftakir proud, vainglorious, ‫ فدر‬fadar pl. ‫ فدور‬fudūr chamois
boastful, bragging; outstanding, excellent,
first-rate, perfect, splendid, superb, ‫ فدفد‬fadfad pl. ‫ فدافد‬fadāfid2 wasteland, tract of
glorious, magnificent; sumptuous, de luxe desert land, desert
‫ فخفخ‬fakfaka to be boastful, vainglorious; to ‫ فدم‬fadama i to seal (‫ هـ‬the mouth, an aperture)
boast, brag ‫ فدم‬fadm pl. ‫ فدام‬fidām clumsy in speech;
‫ فخفخة‬fakfaka ostentation, showiness, heavy-witted, sluggish, dull, stupid
pageantry, pomp ‫ فدن‬II to fatten, stall-feed (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ فخم‬fakuma u (‫ فخامَة‬fakāma) to be stately, ‫ فدان‬faddān pl. ‫ فدادين‬fadādīn2 yoke of
imposing, splendid, magnificent, grand II oxen; (pl. ‫ افدنة‬afdina) feddan, a square
to intensify (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to honor, treat with measure (Eg. = 4200.833 m2)
respect (‫ ه‬s.o.), show deference (‫ ه‬to); to
pronounce emphatically, make emphatic ( ‫ فادن‬fādin pl. ‫ فوادن‬fawādin2 plummet,
‫ هـ‬a consonant) plumb bob
‫ فخم‬fakm stately, imposing, splendid, ‫ فدى‬fadā i (fidan, ‫ فداء‬fidā’) to redeem, ransom
superb, magnificent, grand, grandiose (‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬s.o., s.th. with or by); to sacrifice (
‫ ب ه‬for s.o. s.th.) III to sacrifice, offer up (
‫ فخامَة‬fakāma stateliness, imposingness, ‫ ب‬s.th.) VI to 700 beware (‫ مَن‬of), guard (
imposing appearance; splendor, ‫ مَن‬against), get away, keep away (‫ مَن‬or ‫هـ‬
magnificence, eminence, high rank; title from); to get rid (‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬of); to prevent,
of the head of a nonmonarchic state; title obviate, avert, avoid (‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII =
of honor given to high-ranking foreign I; to obtain (‫ هـ‬s.th.) by sacrificing s.th.
dignitaries, approx.: Highness, Excellency, else (‫ ;)ب‬to redeem o.s., ransom o.s. (‫ب‬
= ‫ صاحب الفخامَة │ فخامَة الدولة‬f. ad-daula title with or by); to free o.s. (‫ مَن‬from) │ ‫افتداه‬
of the President of the Republic (Syr., ‫ بالنفس‬to sacrifice o.s. for s.o. or s.th., risk
Leb.); ‫ فخامَة رئيس الدولة‬do. (Syr., Leb.); ‫فخامَة‬ life and property for s.o. or s.th.
‫ الرئيس‬f. ar-ra’īs title of a foreign head of
state, approx.: His Excellency, the ‫ فدى‬fidan, fadan redemption,
President; ‫ فخامَة المعتمد السامَي‬f. al- ransoming; ransom; sacrifice (with foll.
mu‘tamad as-sāmī His Excellency, the genit.: for s.th., to save or liberate s.o. or
High Commissioner s.th.) │ ‫( جعلت فداك‬ju‘iltu) (lit.: may I be
made your ransom, i.e.) oh, could I but
‫ تفخيم‬tafkīm emphatic or velarized sacrifice myself for you! ‫مَات فدى للوطن‬
pronunciation of a consonant (phon.) │ ‫آلة‬ (waṭan) he died for his country
‫ التفخيم‬amplifier (radio)
‫ فدية‬fidya pl. ‫ فديات‬fidayāt, ‫ فدى‬fidan
‫ مَفخم‬mufakkam honored │ ‫الحروف المفخمة‬ ransom; redemption (from the omission of
the emphatics (phon.) certain religious duties, by a material
‫ فدح‬fadaḥa a (fadḥ) to oppress, burden ( donation or a ritual act; Isl. Law)
‫ ه‬s.o.), weigh (‫ ه‬upon s.o.) X to regard (‫هـ‬ ‫ فداء‬fidā’ redemption, ransoming;
s.th.) as a heavy burden, as painful ransom; price (one has to pay for s.th.),
‫ فداحة‬fadāḥa oppressiveness, sacrifice (one makes for s.th.) │ ‫جعل كل‬
burdensomeness
‫( شيء فداءه‬fidā’ahū) he sacrificed or gave combine. all good qualities and
up everything for it advantages and makes everything else
dispensable)
‫ فدائي‬fidā’ī one who sacrifices himself
(esp., for his country); esp. pl. ‫فدائيون‬ ‫( فراك‬Fr. frac) firāk, frāk pl. -āt swallow-tailed
fighters who risk their lives recklessly, coat, full dress, tails
soldiers prepared to sacrifice their lives; ‫ فراولة‬faraula (from It. fragola) strawberry
fedayeen, commandos, shock troops (Eg.) (eg.)
‫ فدائية‬fidā’īya spirit of self-sacrifice ‫ الفرات‬al-furāt the Euphrates; ‫ فرات‬sweet
‫ مَفاداة‬mufādāh sacrifice (water) 701
‫ فاد‬fādin redeemer ‫ فرتيكة‬furtīka clasp, buckle (eg.)
‫ مَفدي‬mafdīy (prop., object of self- ‫ فرج‬faraja i (farj) and II to open, part,
sacrifice) following the name of a king, separate, cleave, split, gap, breach (‫هـ‬
also after ‫ وطن‬waṭan, ‫‘ عرش‬arš, and the s.th.), make an opening, gap or breach (‫هـ‬
like, approx.: dearly beloved, dear in); to dispel, drive away (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g.,
grief, worried; to comfort, solace, relieve (
‫ فذ‬fadd pl. ‫ افذاذ‬afdād, ‫ فذوذ‬fudūd alone, only,
‫ عن‬s.o.) II to show (‫ على ه‬to s.o. s.th.) IV to
sole, single; singular, unique; uncommon,
leave (‫ عن‬a place); to free, liberate, let free
unusual, infrequent; pl. ‫ افذاذ‬extraordinary
(‫ عن‬s.o.), release (‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.) V to be
people
opened ‫عن‬, be separated, be cleft, be split;
‫ فذلكة‬fadlaka brief summary, résumé, survey, to part, divide, move apart (e.g., a crowd
outline, abstract, epitome so as to let s.o. pass; to be dispelled (grief,
‫ فر‬farra i (farr, ‫ فرار‬firār, ‫ مَفر‬mafarr) to sorrow); to derive comfort (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬from
flee, run away, run off, escape (‫ مَن‬from) │ the light of), take pleasure, delight (‫ في‬or
‫( فر هاربا‬hāriban) to flee, take to one’s ‫ على‬in looking at); to regard, view,
heels IV to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) to flight VIII to observe, watch, inspect (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.),
open up or part (‫ عن‬so that s.th. becomes look (‫ على‬at s.o., at s.th.) VII to be opened,
visible); to bare, show (‫ عن‬the teeth when be separated, be cleft, be split; to open or
smiling), reveal (‫ عن‬s.th.); to shimmer, part widely, widen, diverge, split open,
gleam gape, yawn; to open (‫ عن‬so that s.th.
becomes visible); to show, reveal (‫عن‬
‫ فرار‬firār flight s.th.); to relax, become relaxed (features;
‫ فرار‬furār: ‫‘ عينه فراره‬ainuhū furāruhū crisis); to be dispelled, be driven away
(firāruhū) his outward appearance (grief, sorrow); to become gay
bespeaks his inner worth; you need only ‫ فرج‬farj pl. ‫ فروج‬furūj opening,
look at him to know what to think of him aperture, gap, breach; pudendum of the
‫ فرار‬farrār fugitive, runaway, escaped; female, vulva
a fugitive, a runaway; deserter, defector; ‫ فرج‬faraj freedom from grief or sorrow,
quicksilver, mercury release from suffering; joy; relaxation;
‫ فريرة‬furrēra teetotum (eg.) relief, ease, repose, pleasure, comfort;
happy ending
‫ مَفر‬mafarr flight, escape │ ‫لَ مَفر مَنه‬
(mafarra) unavoidable, inevitable ‫ فرجة‬furja state of happiness (esp. after
suffering); pleasure, delight; -- (pl. ‫)فرج‬
‫ فار‬fārr pl. -ūn, ‫ فارة‬fārra fugitive, opening, aperture, gap, breach, hole;
fleeing; a fugitive onlooking, watching, inspection, viewing;
‫ فرأ‬fara’ pl. ‫ افراء‬afrā’ wild ass, onager sight, spectacle
‫ فراء‬farā’ wild ass, onager │ ‫كل الصيد في‬ ‫ فروج‬farrūj (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫فراريج‬
‫ جوف الفراء‬kullu ṣaidin fī jaufi l-f. there are frārīj2 chick, young chicken, pullet
all kind, of game in the belly of the wild ‫( فرارجي‬eg.) farargī seller of chicken,
ass (proverbially of s.o. or s.th. that poulterer
‫ مَفرج‬mafraj pl. ‫ مَفارج‬mafārij2 relief, sprout, put out new shoots (of a tree) │ ‫افر‬
relaxation; denouement, happy ending ‫( خ روعه‬rau‘uhū) fear left him
‫ افراج‬ifrāj freeing, liberation; release ( ‫ فرخ‬fark pl. ‫ افراخ‬afrāk ‫ فروخ‬furūk, ‫فرخ‬
‫ عن‬of s.o., of s.th.), unblocking (‫ عن‬e.g., of firāk, ‫ فرخان‬firkān young bird; shoot, spout
assets), decontrol (‫ عن‬e.g., of rationed (of a plant, of a tree) │ ‫ فرخ ورق‬f. waraq
foodstuffs, etc.) (eg.) sheet of paper
‫ تفرج‬tafarruj inspection, viewing, ‫ فرخة‬farka pl. ‫ فراخ‬firāk young female
regarding; watching, observation bird; hen │ ‫( فرخ رومَي‬rūmī) (eg.) turkey
hen
‫ انفراج‬infirāj relaxedness, relaxation
‫ فراخ‬firāk (pl. of ‫ )فرخ‬poultry, domestic
‫ مَتفرج‬mutafarrij pl. -ūn viewer,
fowls
watcher, observer, spectator, onlooker
‫ فرخ‬tafrīk hatching, incubation │ ‫آلة‬
‫ مَنفرج‬munfarij opened wide, wide-
‫ التفريخ‬incubator
open; relaxed; gay, merry │ ‫زاوية مَنفرجة‬
(zāwiya) obtuse angle (geom.) ‫ فرد‬farada and faruda u (‫ فرود‬furūd) to be
single, be alone; to be singular, be unique;
‫ فرجار‬firjār compass, dividers
-- farada u (‫ فرود‬furūd) to withdraw, retire,
‫ فرجون‬firjaun currycomb, brush segregate (‫ عن‬from); -- farada i (eg.) to
‫ فرح‬fariḥa a (faraḥ) to be glad, happy, spread, spread out, extend, stretch (‫هـ‬
delighted, rejoice (‫ ب‬,‫ ل‬at), be gay, merry, s.th.); to unfold (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to set aside,
cheerful (‫ ب‬,‫ ل‬about, over) II to gladden, separate, segregate, isolate (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.);
delight, cheer, exhilarate, make merry, to single out. assign especially (‫ ب‬or ‫ل هـ‬
happy, gay (‫ ه‬s.o.) s.th. for), devote (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to s.th.
else) V to be alone; to do alone, perform
‫ فرح‬faraḥ joy, gladness, glee, gaiety, single-handedly (‫ ب‬s.th.); to possess alone
hilarity, mirth, exhilaration, merriment, (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be matchless, be unique VII =
happiness; wedding; pl. ‫ افراح‬afrāḥ feast of V; to stand alone, b. without parallel (‫ في‬or
rejoicing, celebration, festival, festivity; ‫ ب‬with or in s.th.); to withdraw, segregate,
wedding (feast) │ ‫ ردهة الفراح‬radhat al-a. walk away (‫ عن‬from); to be isolated (‫عن‬
banquet hall, ball-room from) X to find (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) singular,
‫ فرحة‬farḥa joy unique or isolated; to isolate (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
chem.)
‫ فرح‬fariḥ merry, gay, cheerful, joyful,
glad, delighted, happy ‫ فرد‬fard pl. ‫ افراد‬afrād, ‫ فرادى‬furādā
alone, single; sole, only; solitary, lone,
‫ فرحان‬farḥān2 merry, gay, cheerful, lonely; singular, unique, matchless,
joyful, glad, delighted, happy unrivaled, peerless, incomparable; one, a
‫ مَفارح‬mafāriḥ2 feasts of rejoicing, single one, a single thing, a single person,
joyous events individual; odd, uneven (number); ‫الفرد‬
epithet of the month of Rajab; (pl. ‫فراد‬
‫ تفريح‬tafrīḥ exhilaration, amusement
firād) one, one of a couple, one of a pair;
‫ فارح‬fāriḥ merry, gay, cheerful, joyful, (pl. ‫ فرود‬furūd, ‫ فرودة‬furūda) pistol; --
glad, delighted, happy singular (gram.) │ ‫ فردا فردا‬fardan) singly,
‫ مَفرح‬mufriḥ gladdening, cheering, separately, one by one, one at a time, one
exhilarating, joyous, delightful 702 after the other

‫ فرخ‬II to have young ones (bird); to hatch (said ‫ فردة‬farda one part, one half, one of a
of eggs); to hatch, incubate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pair
germinate, sprout, put out new shoots (of ‫ فردى‬fardī single, solitary; single- (in
a tree); to spread, gain ground IV to have compounds); pertaining to a single person;
young ones (bird); to hatch (said of eggs); one-man (in compounds); solo (adj.);
to hatch. incubate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to germinate, singles (tennis); individual, personal;
individualist; odd, uneven (numbr)
‫ فردية‬fardīya individuality, muster (‫ ه‬s.o.); to select, pick out (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
individualism to distinguish, discriminate, differentiate (
‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from)
‫ فريد‬farīd alone, lone, lonely, solitary;
singular, unique, matchless, peerless, ‫ فرز‬farz separation, detachment,
unrivaled, incomparable; (with foll. genit.) isolation; secretion, excretion, discharge;
especially endowed with │ ‫فريد في بابه‬ sorting, sifting; mustering, muster,
unique of its kind screening, examination; selection,
selecting │ ‫‘( فرز عسكري‬askarī) pre-
‫ فريدة‬farīda pl. ‫ فرائد‬farā’d2 precious
induction examination (mil.)
pearl, precious gem, solitaire; (eg.) quire
(of paper) ‫ فرازة‬farrāza: O ‫‘( فرازة آلية‬ā1īya) seed
separator, seed-screening apparatus
‫ فرادا‬furādan singly, separately, one by
one, one at a time, one after the other ‫ مَفرزة‬mafraza pl. ‫ مَفارز‬mafāriz2 group,
detachment, party, troop, band
‫ فرادى‬furādā singly, separately, one by
one, one at a time, one after the other ‫ افراز‬ifrāz pl. -āt secretion, excretion,
exudation, discharge, expectoration
‫ تفريدي‬tafrīdī detailed, itemized
(physiol.) │ ‫ قسمة افراز‬qismat i. partition in
‫ انفراد‬infirād solitude, loneness, kind (Isl. Law)
loneliness; isolation, seclusion │ ‫على‬
O ‫ فارزة‬fāriza comma
‫ الَنفراد‬alone, apart, isolatedly, in solitude,
in seclusion; singly, by o.s.; ‫ مَفرزات‬mufrazāt secretions, excretions,
confidentially; ‫( الَنفراد بالسلطة‬sulṭa) exudations (physiol.) │ ‫المفرزات الداخلية‬
autocracy (dākilīya) internal secretions, endocrines
2
‫ انفرادي‬infirādī individual; ‫ فريز‬pl. ‫افرزة = افريز‬
individualistic; autocratic; isolationistic, 3
‫ فاروز‬,‫ فيروز‬and ‫ فيروزج‬look up alphabetically
tending to isolation 703
4
‫ افريز‬pl. ‫ افاريز‬look up alphabetically
‫ مَفرد‬mufrad single, solitary, lone,
detached, isolated; (gram.) simple, ‫ فرزان‬II tafarzana to queen, become a
consisting of only one word (expression); queen (of a pawn; in chess)
being in the singular; singular (gram.); (pl. ‫ فرزان‬firzān pl. ‫ فرازين‬farāzīn 2 queen (in
-āt) vocable, word; pl. words, terms, chess)
names, expressions (of a scientific field); 1
details │ ‫( مَفردات خاصة‬kāṣṣa) technical ‫ فرس‬farasa i (fars) to kill, tear (‫ هـ‬its prey, of
terms, terminology; ‫ بمفرده‬by o.s., alone, a predatory animal) V to regard
apart, singly, isolatedly, in solitude, in searchingly, eye, scrutinize (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ في‬s.o.,
seclusion, solitarily; ‫ بالمفردات‬in detail; by s.th.), look firmly (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ في‬at s.o., at
retail s.th.); to recognize, detect (‫ هـ‬a quality, ‫في‬
in s.o.) VIII = I; to ravish, rape (‫ ها‬a
‫ مَنفرد‬munfarid isolated, detached, woman)
separated; lone, solitary, alone; solo (adj.;
also mus.) ‫ فرس‬faras m. and f., pl. ‫ افراس‬afrās
2
horse, mare; knight (chess) │ ‫ فرس البحر‬f.
□ ‫ فردة‬firda (<‫ فرضة‬furḍa) pl. ‫ فرد‬firad tax, al-baḥr hippopotamus; ‫ فرس الرهان‬race
head tax, poll tax horse; ‫ الفرس العظم‬PegaSus (astron.)
‫ الفردوس‬al-firdaus f., pl. ‫ فراديس‬farādīs2 ‫ فراسة‬farāsa horsemanship, equitation
Paradise
‫ فراسة‬firāsa perspicacity, acumen,
‫ فردوسي‬firdausī paradisiacal, heavenly discernment, discrimination, minute
1
‫ فرز‬faraza i (farz) and IV to set apart, observation; keen eye (esp. for traits of
separate, detach, isolate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to character); intuitive knowledge of human
secrete, excrete, discharge (‫ هـ‬s.th.; nature │ ‫‘ علم الفراسة‬ilm al-f. physiognomy;
physiol.); to sort, sift, classify (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ فراسة اليد‬f. al-yad chiromancy, palmistry
examine (‫ هـ‬s.th.), screen (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.),
‫ فريسة‬farīsa pl. ‫ فرائس‬farā’is2 prey (of a ‫ فراش‬firāš pl. ‫ فرش‬furuš, ‫ افرشة‬afriša
wild animal) cushion, pillow; blanket, cover, spread;
mattress; bed
‫ فريسي‬farīsī, ‫ فرسي‬Pharisee
‫ فراش‬farrāš one who spreads the
‫ فروسة‬furūsa horsemanship, equitation;
carpets; servant, attendant; house servant,
chivalry, knighthood,
valet; office boy, errand boy
‫ فروسية‬furūsīya horsemanship,
‫ مَفرش‬mifraš pl. ‫ مَفارش‬mafāriš2
equitation; chivalry, knighthood; heroism,
tablecloth, table cover, cover (in general);
valor
bedspread, counterpane
‫ فارس‬fāris pl. ‫ فرسان‬fursān, ‫فوارس‬
‫ مَفرشة‬mifraša pl. ‫ مَفارش‬mafāriš2 saddle
fawāris2 horseman, rider; knight, cavalier;
blanket
704 hero; pl. cavalry │ ‫لست مَن فرسان ذلك‬
‫( الميدان‬lastu, maidān) I am unfamiliar with ‫ مَفروش‬mafrūš covered (‫ ب‬with);
this field, I am not competent in this field furnished; ‫ مَفروشات‬mafrūšāt furniture,
household effects
‫ فارسة‬fārisa pl. -āt horsewoman;
2
mounted female warrior, Amazon ‫ فرش‬II to brush (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَفترس‬muftaris rapacious, ravenous ‫ فرشة‬furša pl. ‫ فرش‬furaš brush;
(animal) │ ‫( حيوان مَفترس‬ḥayawān) paintbrush │ ‫ فرشة البودرة‬powder puff; ‫فرشة‬
predatory animal, beast of prey ‫ اسنان‬f. asnān toothbrush
2
‫ الفرس‬al-fursān the Persians; Persia, also ‫بلد‬ ‫ فرشاة‬furšāh brush; paintbrush
‫الفرس‬ ‫ فرشاية‬furšāya (syr.) brush
‫ فارس‬fāris, also ‫ بلد فارس‬Persia ‫ فرشح‬faršaḥ (‫ فرشحة‬faršaḥa) to straddle, stand
‫ فارسي‬fārisī Persian (adj. and n.) with one’s legs apart
‫ فرسي‬visāy Versailles ‫ فرشخ‬faršaka = ‫ فرشح‬faršaḥa
‫ فرسخ‬farsak pl. ‫ فراسخ‬farāsik2 a measure of ‫( فرشينة‬It. forcina) furšīna pl. -āt hairpin
length, parasang ‫ فرص‬II to make holidays
‫ فرسوفيا‬varōviyā Warsaw (capital of Poland) ‫ فرصة‬furṣa pl. ‫ فرص‬furaṣ opportunity,
‫ فرش‬faraša u (farš, ‫ فراش‬firāš) to spread, chance, auspicious moment; holidays,
spread out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- faraša u i (farš) to vacation │ ‫( فرصة مَن الزمَن‬furṣatan,
pave, cover (‫ هـ‬the ground, floor, path, zaman) for a short time, briefly; ‫انتهز‬
room, etc., ‫ ب‬with) II to cover (‫ هـ‬the ‫( الفرصة‬intahaza) to seize the opportunity,
floor, etc., ‫ ب‬with); to furnish, provide avail o.s. or take advantage of the
with furniture (‫ هـ‬..th.); to tile, pave (‫هـ‬ opportunity
s.th.) VIII to spread, spread out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫ فريصة‬farīṣa pl. ‫ فرائص‬farā’iṣ2 flesh or
to lie down, stretch out, sprawl (‫ هـ‬on muscle beneath the shoulder-blades │ ‫فري‬
s.th.); to sleep (‫ ها‬with a woman) │ ‫افترش‬ ‫ صته‬or ‫( ارتعدت فرائصه‬irta‘adat) violent
‫( لسانه‬lisānahū) to give one’s tongue free fear or excitement seized him
rein
‫ مَفرص‬mufarriṣ holiday-maker,
‫ فرش‬farš pl. ‫ فروش‬furūš furnishing; vacationist, tourist
furniture, household effects; mat, rug,
carpet; anything spread on the ground as ‫ فرصاد‬firṣād mulberry; mulberry tree
bedding; foundation (arch.) ‫ فرض‬faraḍa i (farḍ) to decide,
‫ فرشة‬farša bed; mattress determine; to decree, order, ordain (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to appoint, assign, apportion,
‫ فراش‬farāš wheel (of a mill); (coll.; n. allocate (‫ هـ ل‬to s.o. s.th., money, and the
un. ‫ )ة‬moths; butterflies like); to impose, 705 enjoin, make
‫ فراشة‬farāša (n. un.) moth; butterfly; incumbent (‫ هـ على‬upon s.o. s.th.),
flighty, fickle person prescribe (‫ هـ على‬to s.o. s.th.); to impose (
‫ الحصار‬blockade, ‫ على‬on); to assume, words); to escape (‫ مَن‬s.o.), get lost (‫ مَن‬on
presume, suppose, presuppose, postulate ( s.o.); to happen (inadvertently) (‫ مَن‬to s.o.,
‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that) │ ‫فرض ارادته عليه‬ faux pas, etc.); to neglect (‫ في‬s.th.), be lax,
(irādatahū) to force one’s will on s.o. II to be remiss (‫ في‬with regard to); to strip off (
notch (‫ هـ‬s.th.), make incisions (‫ هـ‬in s.th.) ‫ هـ‬fruits) │ ‫( فرط مَنه الشيء‬šai’u) he missed
VIII to impose, enjoin, make incumbent ( the thing, lost it II to leave, abandon,
‫ هـ على‬upon s.o. s.th.), prescribe (‫ هـ على‬to forsake, give up (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ في‬or ,. s.th.),
s.o. s.th.); to decree, order (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to renounce, waive (‫ في‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to separate
assume, suppose (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that) (‫ ه‬or ‫ عن‬from), part (‫ ه‬or ‫ عن‬with); to
neglect (‫ في‬s.th.), be lax, be remiss (‫في‬
‫ فرض‬farḍ pl. ‫ فروض‬furūḍ notch,
with regard to); to exceed the proper
incision; duty, precept, injunction, order,
bounds, go too far, be excessive (‫ في‬in),
decree, ordinance, command; religious
exaggerate, overdo (‫ في‬s.th.); to waste,
duty (Isl. Law); statutory portion, lawful
squander (‫ في‬s.th.) IV to exceed the proper
shore (Isl. Law); assumption, supposition,
bounds, go too far, be excessive (‫ في‬in),
presupposition, premise, postulate,
exaggerate, overdo, abuse (‫ في‬s.th.) VII to
hypothesis │ ‫ فروض التحية‬f. at-taḥīya
be stripped off, be loosened, become
prescribed forms of salutations; ‫فرض عين‬
detached (‫ مَن‬from); to be dissolved,
f. ‘ain individual duty (Isl. Law); ‫فرض كفاية‬
dissolve, break up │ ‫انفرط عقدهم‬
collective duty (Isl. Law); ‫ على فرض‬on the
(‘aqduhum) they broke up, they parted
premise of …; ‫ على فرض ان‬on the
company, they dissolved
assumption that, with the understanding
that ..., supposing that ... ‫ فرط‬farṭ excess, immoderation,
exaggeration; (with foll. abstract noun)
‫ فرضي‬farḍī hypothetic(al),
hyper- (in compounds)
suppositional, conjectural, assumed
without proof ‫ فرط‬faraṭ (eg.) interest (on money,
capital, etc.)
‫ فرضية‬farḍīya hypothesis
‫ فراطة‬furāṭa small change, coins
‫ فرضة‬furḍa pl. ‫ فرض‬furaḍ notch,
incision; opening, gap, crevice, crack; ‫ تفريط‬tafrīṭ negligence, neglect
seaport, river harbor, small port town ‫ افراط‬afrāṭ excess, immoderation,
‫ فريضة‬farīḍa pl. ‫ فرائض‬farā’ḍ2 religious exaggeration
duty (Isl. Law); divine precept, ordinance ‫ فارط‬fāriṭ elapsed, bygone, put, last,
of God (Isl. Law); obligatory prayer (Isl. e.g., ‫( يوم الحد الفارط‬yaum al-aḥad) last
Law); pl. distributive shares in estate (Isl. Sunday
Law) │ ‫ فريضة الجمعة‬f. al-jum‘a the
obligatory divine service on Friday (Isl. ‫ مَفرط‬mufarril prodigal, wasteful,
Law); ‫ ذو الفرائض‬dawū l-f. the “Koranic squandering; wastrel, spendthrift,
heirs”, i.e., those entitled to a statutory prodigal, squanderer
portion in estate according to sura lV, 12ff. ‫ مَفرط‬mufriṭ exaggerated, excessive 706
(Isl. Law); ‫‘ علم الفرائض‬ilm al-f. law of
descent and distribution ‫ فرطح‬farṭaḥa to make broad, broaden, flatten (
‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ افتراض‬iftirāḍ assumption, supposition,
presupposition, premise, postulate, ‫ مَفرطح‬mufarṭaḥ broad; flattened, flat,
hypothesis oblate; fat and flabby, bloated
‫ افتراضي‬iftirāḍī hypothetic(al) ‫ فرع‬fara‘a a (far‘, ‫ فرع‬furū‘) to surpass,
outstrip (‫ ه‬s.o.); to excel (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to put
‫ فارض‬fāriḍ old, advanced in years forth branches, to branch; to derive,
‫ مَفروض‬mafrūḍ supposed, assumed, deduce (‫ مَن هـ‬s.h. from) V to branch out,
premised; pl. ‫ مَفروضات‬duties, obligations ramify, become ramified, spread in all
directions; to divide, fork, bifurcate (road,
‫ فرط‬farata u to precede (‫ ه‬s.o.); to escape pipeline); to branch off VIII to de1lower
inadvertently, slip (‫ مَن‬s.o.’s tongue; of
‫ فرع‬far‘ pl. ‫ فروع‬furū‘, ‫ افرع‬afru‘ twig, ‫ ل‬to) X to empty (‫ هـ‬a bowl, and the like);
branch. bough, limb, (also coll.) branches, to vomit │ ‫ استفرغ مَجهوده‬to exert o.s. to the
twigs; derivative; section, subdivision; utmost. make every effort (‫ في‬in), apply
branch office, subsidiary establishment, every ounce of strength (‫ في‬to), do one’s
branch; branch line, feeder line; branch best
wire, feed wire (el.) │ ‫ الفروع‬or ‫علم الفروع‬ ‫ فرغ‬farg empty, void; vacant
‘ilm al-f. the doctrine of the branches, i.e.,
applied fiqh, applied ethics (consisting in ‫ فراغ‬farāg void, vacuity, vacancy,
the systematic elaboration of canonical vacuum, empty space; gap; space (‫ ل‬for
law in Islam); ‫ شرعا وفرعا‬šar‘an wa-far‘an s.o., for s.th.); cession (of things which are
with full right, with good cause, justly not transferable as a property, but
transferable as a possession; (Isl. Law);
‫ فرعي‬fa‘ī branch, subsidiary, tributary, leisure, sparetime
sub-, side (in compounds); subdivisional;
secondary ‫ فراغي‬farāgī vacuum (adj.)
‫ افرع‬afra‘2, f. ‫ فرعاء‬far‘ā’ tall, slender ‫ فروغ‬furūg emptiness, voidness,
vacuity; vacancy, unocoupiedness;
‫ تفرع‬tafarru‘ many-sidedness, termination, expiration, exhaustion │ ‫فروغ‬
versatility; (pl. -āt) ramification; pl. ‫ الصبر‬f. aṣ-ṣabr impatience
secondary things, concomitant
circumstances, minor factors ‫ افرغ‬afrag2 emptier
‫ فارع‬fāri‘ tall, lofty, towering; high- ‫ تفريغ‬tafrīg emptying, vacating,
grown, slender, slim; beautiful, handsome, evacuation; discharge; unloading (of a
pretty │ ‫ فارع الطول‬f. aṭ-ṯūl tall, high- cargo) 707
grown; ‫ فارع القامَة‬tall and slender ‫ افراغ‬ifrāg emptying, vacating,
‫ مَفرع‬mufarra‘ ramified, branching evacuation; pouring out
‫ مَتفرعات‬mutafarri‘āt secondary things, ‫ استفراغ‬istifrāg emptying, voiding,
concomitant circumstances, minor factors vacating, evacuation; vomiting
‫ فرعون‬fir‘aun pl. ‫ فراعنة‬farā‘ina Pharaoh ‫ فارغ‬fārig pl. ‫ فراغ‬furrāg empty, void;
vacant; unoccupied, not busy, idle,
‫ فرغ‬faraga u and fariga a (‫ فروغ‬furūg, ‫فراغ‬ leisurely; inane, vacuous, idle, useless; --
farāg) to be empty, be void; to be vacant; tare (com.) │ ‫ بالفارغ‬in the void (of the
to be exhausted, be used up; to be rid (‫مَن‬ target) = in the bull’s-eye; ‫ بفارغ الصبر‬bi-f.
of s.o.), be done, be finished (‫ مَن‬with); to iṣ-ṣabr impatiently
finish, terminate, conclude, close, wind
up, finish off, settle, complete, bring to an ‫ مَفروغ مَنه‬mafrūg minh finished, settled
end (‫ مَن‬s.th.); to devote o.s. apply o.s. (question, problem, and the like);
attend, tend (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o. to s.th.), exhausted (topic, and the like)
occupy o.s. (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬with) │ ‫ فرغ الى نفسه‬to ‫ مَفرغ‬mufarrig emptying; creating a
collect one’s thoughts II to empty, void, vacuum │ O ‫ آلة مَفرغة‬vacuum pump
vacate, evacuate, discharge (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
unload (‫ هـ‬a cargo); to pour out (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ مَفرغ‬mufarrag emptied, vacated,
IV to empty, void, vacate, evacuate (‫هـ‬ exhausted of air, vacuum (adj.); hollow
s.th.); to pour out (‫ على هـ‬s.th. over. ‫في‬ ‫ مَفرغ‬mufrag cast (in a mold) │ ‫حلقة‬
into); to unload (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., from a ship) ‫( مَفرغة‬ḥalqa) seamless ring; vicious circle,
│ ‫( افرغه في قالب‬qālab) to mold s.th. (fig.); circulus vitiosus
(‫ مَجهوده‬or) ‫( افرغ جهده‬jahdahū) to exert o.s. 1
to the utmost, make every effort (‫ في‬in), do ‫ فرفر‬farfara to shake itself (of animals, esp. of
one’s best V to be free from work. be a bird)
unoccupied, be idle, have leisure; to be ‫ فرفر‬farfar small bird
free, disengage o.s. (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬for some
‫ فرفور‬furfūr small bird
work), occupy o.s. exclusively (‫ الى‬or ‫ل‬
2
with), devote o.s., apply o.s., attend (‫ الى‬or ‫ فرفوري‬farfūrī = ‫ فغفوري‬fine porcelain
3
‫فرفير‬firfīr purple, purpure party, detachment, troop, group; class;
grade, class (in school); pupils or students
‫ فرفش‬farfaša: ‫( فرفش نفسه‬eg.) to recover, pick
of a course; troupe, ensemble; team, crew;
up, revive
division (mil.); sect │ ‫الفرقة اللجنبية‬
‫ فرفشة‬farfaša (eg.) ease, comfort, (ajnabīya) the Foreign Legion; ‫الفرقة‬
convenience, leisure ‫ الخامَسة‬the fifth column; ‫فرقة مَصفحة‬
‫ فرفير‬firfīr purple, purpure (muṣaffaḥa) armored division; ‫فرقة المطافئ‬
708 (or ‫ )الطفاء‬f. al-maṭāfi2 (or al-iṭfā’)
‫ فرق‬faraqa u (farq, ‫ فرقان‬furqān to separate, fire department, fire brigade; ‫ فرقة العدام‬f.
part, divide, sever, sunder (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to al-i‘dām firing squad; ‫فرقة استعراضية‬
make a distinction (‫ بين‬between), (isti‘rāḍīya) show troupe, revue troupe;
distinguish, differentiate, discriminate (‫بين‬ ‫( فرقة مَوسيقية‬mūsīqīya) orchestra; ‫فرقة‬
between); ‫( فرق‬farq) to part (‫ هـ‬the hair); ‫ مَوسيقى‬f. mūsīqā (military) band
fariqa a (faraq) to be terrified, be
dismayed; to be afraid (‫ مَن‬of) II to ‫ فرقة‬furqa separatedness, separation,
separate, part, divide, sever, sunder (‫هـ‬ disunion
s.th.); to strew about, scatter, disperse (‫هـ‬ ‫ فريق‬farīq pl. ‫ فروق‬furūq, ‫ افرقة‬afriqa, ‫افر‬
s.th.); to make a distinction (‫ بين‬between), ‫ قاء‬afriqā2 band, company, troop,
distinguish, differentiate (‫ بين‬between; ‫عن ه‬ detachment, unit; party; faction; team
s.o. from); to distribute (‫ في‬or ‫ على هـ‬s.th. (sports); - a military and naval rank,
to, among); to frighten, scare, daunt, approx.: lieutenant general (Eg.), vice
terrify, horrify (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫ فرق تسد‬farriq admiral (Eg.) │ ‫( فريق اول‬awwal)
tasud divide and rule! divide et impera! III lieutenant general (Ir.); ‫( فريق ثان‬tānin)
to separate o.s. disengage o.s., withdraw, major general (Ir.)
depart (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬from s.o., from s.th.), part ( ,‫هـ‬
‫ فروق‬farūq very fearful, timid,
‫ ه‬with s.o., with s.th.), leave, quit (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
timorous, cowardly, craven;
s.th.) V to be or become separated, split,
--Constantinople
disunited, divided, scattered, dispersed,
separate, part, divide, scatter, disperse, ‫ فاروق‬fārūq very timorous; ‫ الفاروق‬he
dissolve, break up VII to be or become who distinguishes truth from falsehood
separated, disunited, divided, separate o.s., (epithet of the 2nd Caliph, Omar)
disengage o.s. (‫ عن‬from), part (‫ عن‬with) ‫ فاروقية‬fārūqīya “Faruk cap”, winter
VIII = V │ ‫( افترق طرائق قددا‬ṭarā’iqa field cap of the Egyptian Air Force (1939)
qidadan) to split into many parts or
groups, become divided ‫ فرقان‬furqān proof, evidence; ‫ الفرقان‬the
Koran
‫ فرق‬farq separation, severance,
sunderance, division, partition; ‫ مَفرق‬mafraq, mafriq pl. ‫ مَفارق‬mafāriq2
differentiation, distinction, discrimination; crossing, intersection, bifurcation, forking,
parting (of the hair); -- (pl. ‫ فروق‬furūq) fork, junction, interjunction; road fork,
difference, dissimilarity, distinction; small highway intersection, crossroads, also ‫مَفر‬
change, coins; pl. cases similar with ‫ ق الطرق‬m. aṭ-ṭuruq; ‫ المفرق‬al-mafraq or
regard to facts, yet different as to their ‫ قلعة المفرق‬qal‘at al-m. Mafrak (city in N
legal implications (Isl. Law) Jordan) │ ‫ مَفرق الشعر‬mafriq aš-ša‘r parting
(of the hair)
‫ فرق‬firq part, portion, division, section,
unit; band, company, party, detachment, ‫ تفريق‬tatrīq separation, severance,
troop, group; herd, flock sunderance, partition, division; dispersion,
dispersal, scattering; differentiation,
‫ فرق‬faraq fear, fright, terror distinction, discrimination; distribution;
‫ فرق‬fariq fearful, timid, timorous, pl. ‫ تفاريق‬tafārīq2 single, separate parts,
cowardly, craven detached sections │ ‫ بالتفريق‬in detail; in
portions; by retail (com.)
‫ فرقة‬firqa pl. ‫ فرق‬firaq part, portion,
division, section, unit; band, company,
‫ تفرقة‬tafriqa separation, severance, ‫ مَفرقع‬mufarqi‘ explosive, blasting
sunderance, partition, division; dispersion, (adj.); pl. ‫ مَفرقعات‬explosives; firecrackers,
dispersal, scattering; differentiation, fireworks
distinction, discrimination; distribution │ ‫ فرقلة‬farqilla (eg.) pl. -āt whip with a
‫ بالتفرقة‬in detail; in portions; by retail leather thong, used in driving animals
(com.)
‫ فرك‬faraka u (fark) to rob (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II = I
‫ مَفارقة‬mufāraqa separation, parting, V to be robbed VII = V
farewell, leave-taking, departure;
difference, dissimilarity, distinction ‫ فريك‬farīk rubbed; cooked green wheat
‫ فراق‬firāq separation, parting, farewell, O ‫ مَفراك‬mifrāk twirling stick
leave-taking, departure; difference, 2
‫ فراك‬look up alphabetically
dissimilarity, distinction
‫ فركش‬farkaša (eg.) to disarrange, dishevel,
‫ تفرق‬tafarruq separation, disunion, tangle (‫ هـ‬s.th.), tousle, muss, tear (hair)
division; dispersing, dispersal, scattering; 1
deployment (in the field; mil.) ‫ فرم‬farama i (farm) to out into small pieces (‫هـ‬
meat, tobacco), mince, chop, hash (‫هـ‬
‫ افتراق‬iftirāq separation, disunion, meat) II = I
division
‫ مَفرمَة‬miframa meat grinder; mincer,
‫ فارق‬fāriq distinguishing, differential, mincing machine
distinctive, discriminative, separative; (pl.
‫ فوارق‬fawāriq2) a separating or distinctive ‫ مَفرمَم‬mafrūm: ‫( دخان مَفروم‬dukān) finely
factor; distinctive characteristic, criterion; cut tobacco; ‫( لحم مَفروم‬laḥm) chopped
difference, distinction, dissimilarity, meat, hashed meat
disparity │ ‫( مَع بعد الفارق‬bu‘d l-f.) in spite 2
‫( فرم‬It. forma) furma pl. ‫ فرم‬furam mold
of the great difference
‫ فرمَان‬faramān pl. -āt, ‫ فرامَين‬farāmīn2 firman;
‫ مَفرق‬mufarriq distributor, retailer; decree, edict; (letter of) safe-conduct,
mailman, postman laisser-passer (formerly, in the Ottoman
‫ مَفرق‬mufarraq retail (adj.) │ ‫تاجر المفرق‬ Empire)
retail merchant, retailer; ‫ بالمفرق‬by retail ‫( فرمَبواز‬Fr. framboise) frambuwāz raspberry
‫ مَتفرق‬mutafarriq dispersed, scattered; ‫( فرمَسون‬eg.) firmasōn (from Fr. franc-maçon)
sporadic; ‫ مَتفرقات‬miscellany, sundries Freemason
(com.), miscellaneous items
‫ فرمَلة‬farmala pl. ‫ فرامَت‬farāmil2 brake (of a
‫ مَفترق‬muftaraq crossing, intersection, wheel, etc.)
bifurcation, forking, fork, junction,
interjunction; road fork, highway ‫( فرمَلجي‬eg.) farmalgī pl. -īya brakeman
intersection, crossroads, also ‫مَفترق الطرق‬ ‫ فرمَوزا‬farmōza, formōza Formosa
m. aṭ-ṭuruq
‫ فرن‬furn pl. ‫ افران‬afran oven, baking oven
2
‫ فاوريقة‬pl. ‫ فواريق‬look up alphabetically
‫ فران‬farrān baker
3
‫ افريقيا‬look up alphabetically
‫ فرنج‬II tafarnaja to become Europeanized,
4
‫ افريقي‬pl. ‫ افارقة‬look up alphabetically adopt European manners, imitate the
‫ فرقد‬farqad calf; ‫ الفرقدان‬two bright stars of Ursa Europeans
Minor (β and γ) 709 ‫ الفرنج‬al-ifranj the Europeans │ ‫بلد‬
‫ فرقع‬farqa‘a (‫ فرقعة‬farqa‘a) to pop, crack, ‫ الفرنج‬Europe
burst, explode II tafarqa‘a = I ‫ افرنجي‬ifranjī European; ‫ الفرنجي‬syphilis
‫ فرقعة‬farqa‘a crack, pop, report (of a ‫ فرنجة‬firanja2 Land of the Franks,
firearm); explosion, blast Europe
‫ تفرنج‬tafarnuj Europeanization, ‫ مَفتريات‬muftarayāt lies, falsities;
imitation of the Europeans calumnies
‫ مَتفرنج‬mutafarnij Europeanized ‫ فريز‬farīz pl. ‫ افرزة‬afriza = ‫ افريز‬ifrīz (look up
1 alphabetically)
‫ فرند‬firind a sword of exquisite workmanship
2 ‫ فز‬fazza i (fazz) to jump up, start, bolt;
‫ فرندة‬faranda, varanda pl. -āt veranda, porch
to be or become frightened, terrified,
‫ فرنس‬farnasa (‫ فرنسة‬farnasa) to make French, dismayed, startled; to frighten, alarm,
Frenchify, imbue with French culture (‫هـ‬ startle (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), scare away (‫ ه‬,‫عن هـ‬
s.th.) II tafarnasa to become a Frenchman; s.o., s.th. from) IV to frighten, alarm,
to imitate the French startle (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), scare away (‫ ه‬,‫عن هـ‬
‫ فرنسا‬faransā (also ‫ )فرنسة‬France s.o., s.th. from) V to become restless,
restive, uneasy X to fill with unrest or
‫ فرنسي‬faransī French; (pl. -ūn) excitement, rouse, agitate, excite, stir up,
Frenchman instigate, incite, egg on, inflame, whip up
‫ فرنساوي‬faransāwī (also ‫ )فرنسوي‬French (‫ ه‬s.o.), provoke (‫ هـ‬an incident); to startle
(‫ عن ه‬s.o. out of); to stir up, arouse (‫مَن ه‬
‫ الفرنسيس‬al-faransīs the French s.o. from)
‫ الفرنسيسكان‬al-faransiskān the Franciscans ‫ فزة‬fazza start, jump, bolt, dart
‫( فرنك‬Fr. franc) firank and ‫ فرنكة‬pl. -āt franc ‫ استفزاز‬istifzāz pl. -āt instigation,
‫ فره‬farih lively, agile, nimble agitation, incitement, provocation
‫ فراهة‬farāha liveliness, agility, ‫ استفزازي‬istifzāzī agitative, instigative,
nimbleness, swiftness (of an animal); inflammatory, rabble-rousing,
sturdiness provocative, incendiary
‫ فاره‬fārih lively, agile, nimble, swift ‫ فزر‬lazara u (fazr) to tear, rent, burst (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
(animal); comely, pretty; sturdy; big V to be torn, be rent, split open, burst VII
=V
‫ فرو‬farw (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ فراء‬firā’ furriery,
fur(s), skin(s), pelt(s), peltry ‫ فزارة‬fazāra female leopard
‫ فروة‬farwa (n. un.) fur, pelt; akin, hide │ ‫فروة‬ ‫ فزورة‬fazūra pl. ‫ فوازر‬fawāzir2 (eg.)
‫ الرأس‬scalp; ‫ ابو فروة‬abū f. (eg.) chestnut riddle, puzzle
710 ‫ فرى‬farā i (fary) to split lengthwise, ‫ فزع‬fazi‘a a (faza‘) and faza‘a a (faz‘, fiz‘) to
cut lengthwise (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (eg.) to mince, be afraid, be scared (‫ مَن‬of), be alarmed,
chop (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to invent lyingly, fabricate, frightened, terrified (‫ ل‬or ‫ مَن‬by); -- fazi‘a
trump up (‫ على هـ‬s.th. against) │ ‫فرى كذبا‬ a to take refuge, flee (‫ الى‬to), seek asylum
(kidban) to fabricate, or invent, a lie (‫على‬ (‫ الى‬with) II to strike (‫ ه‬s.o.) with fear; to
against) II to split lengthwise, cut frighten, scare, alarm, terrify, dismay,
lengthwise (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV = II; VIII to invent startle (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to frighten, startle,
lyingly, fabricate, trump up (‫ على ه‬s.th. terrify, scare (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be terrified,
against); to slander, libel, calumniate (‫على‬ startled, dismayed; to be frightened │ ‫تفزع‬
s.o.) ‫( مَن نومَه‬naumihī) to be roused from one’s
‫ فرية‬firya pl. ‫ فرى‬firan lie, falsehood, sleep
falsity; slander, calumny ‫ فزع‬faza‘ pl. ‫ افزاع‬afzā‘ fear, fright,
‫ فرى‬farīy: ‫ جاء( شيئا فريا‬or) ‫ اتى‬to do s.th. terror, alarm, dismay, anxiety,
unheard-of, do an unprecedented thing consternation, panic
‫ مَفراة‬mifrāh (eg.) (= ‫ )مَفرمَة‬meat grinder; ‫ فزع‬fazi‘ frightened, terrified, scared,
mincer, mincing machine alarmed, startled, dismayed, fearful,
timorous
‫ افتراء‬iftirā’ lie, falsehood, falsity;
slander, calumny
‫ مَفتر‬muftarin slanderer, calumniator
‫ فزعان‬faz‘ān frightened. terrified, ‫ انفساح‬infisāḥ wideness, ampleness;
scared, alarmed, startled, dismayed, extension, expansion, dilation
fearful, timorous ‫ مَنفسح‬munfasaḥ) wideness, ampleness;
‫ فزاعة‬fazzā‘a one who inspires fear; plane, surface
scarecrow ‫ فسخ‬fasaka a (fask) to dislocate, disjoint,
‫ مَفزع‬mafza‘ place of refuge, retreat, luxate, put out of joint (‫ هـ‬a limb); to
sanctuary sever, sunder, tear (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (jur.) to
cancel, abolish, rescind, revoke, abrogate,
‫ مَفزعة‬mafza‘a place of refuge, retreat,
annul, nullify, invalidate, dissolve, void,
sanctuary; scarecrow
vacate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- fasika a (fasak) to lose
‫ مَفزع‬mufzi‘ terrible, dreadful, alarming color; to fade (color) II to tear to pieces,
‫ مَفزع‬mufzi‘ frightened, terrified, tear apart, lacerate, mangle (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (eg.)
alarmed, startled to salt (‫ هـ‬fish) V to break up into
fragments, fall apart, disintegrate VII
‫ فستان‬fustān pl. ‫ فساتين‬fasātīn2 (woman’s) dress, (jur.) to be canceled, abolished, rescinded,
gown, frock revoked, abrogated, annulled, nullified,
‫ فستق‬fustuq, fustaq pistachio (bot.) invalidated, dissolved, voided, vacated
‫ فسح‬fasuḥa u (‫ فسحة‬fusḥa, ‫ فساحة‬fasāḥa) to be or ‫ فسخ‬fask (jur.) cancellation,
become wide, spacious, roomy; 711 – abolishment, abolition, rescission,
fasaḥa a (fasḥ) to make room, clear a revocation, abrogation, annulment,
space (‫ في‬,‫ هـ‬in, ‫ ل‬for) II to make wide, nullification, invalidation, dissolving,
make spacious, widen, broaden, extend, voiding, vacating
expand (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make room, clea a ‫ فسخي‬faskī abolitionary, revocatory,
space (‫ ل‬for) │ ‫( فسح مَجالَ له‬majālan) to abrogative, nullifying
make room for s.o., or s.th., give s.o. or
s.th. free play or free scope; to open up an ‫ فسخة‬faska (wood) splinter, chip, sliver
opportunity for s.o.; ‫ فسح له الطريق‬to open ‫ فسيخ‬fasīk (eg.) small salted fish
or pave the way for s.o. or s.th. IV to
‫ مَتفسخ‬mutafassik degenerate(d)
make room, clear a space (‫ ل‬for); to clear.
open up (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬for) V to be or become ‫ فسد‬fasada u i (‫ فساد‬fasād, ‫ فسود‬fusūd) to be or
wide, spacious, roomy; to walk, take a become bad, rotten, decayed, putrid, be
walk VII to be or become wide, spacious, spoiled; to be or become vicious, wicked,
roomy; to extend, expand, dilate; to be vile, corrupt, depraved, be marred,
free, be ample (time) │ ‫ انفسحت لي الوقات‬I impaired, corrupted, perverted, vitiated; to
had plenty of time be empty, vain, idle, unsound, false,
wrong II to spoil, deprave, ruin, corrupt,
‫ فسحة‬fusḥa wideness, ampleness,
demoralize (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to degrade,
spaciousness, roominess; extensive
abase, sully, tarnish, defile (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.)
possibilities, ample opportunities, wide
IV to spoil (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫ هـ‬s.th. ‫ على‬of
scope for action; (time) margin, enough
s.o., e.g., s.o.’s plans, etc.), deprave,
time (‫ ل‬for); -- (pl. ‫ فسح‬fusaḥ, -āt) free,
corrupt, pervert, demoralize (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
open, or empty, space; holidays, vaoation;
s.th.); to mar, distort, devaluate,
walk, promenade, stroll, ride, drive,
depreciate, denigrate, degrade (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫على‬
outing, excursion │ ‫مَا زال في الوقت فسحة‬
for s.o.); to weaken, sap. undermine,
(waqt) there is still time
upset, ruin, destroy, foil, thwart, frustrate (
‫ فسحة‬fusḥa pl. -āt (eg.) anteroom, ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to alienate, estrange (‫ على ه‬s.o.
vestibule, hallway, entrance hall; (eg., also from another; ‫ هـ على‬s.o. from s.th.), entice
syr.) open space between houses; away (‫ على‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬from s.th.); to sow, or
courtyard stir up, dissension (‫ بين‬among); to act
‫ فسيح‬fasīḥ) pl. ‫ فساح‬fisāḥ wide, ample, evilly, wickedly; to cause mischief │ ‫افسد‬
spacious, roomy, broad ‫( عليه امَره‬amrahū) to play s.o. a dirty trick
VII = I
‫ فساد‬fasād rottenness, spoiledness, ‫ فسفر‬fusfur phosphorus
corruption, decay, decomposition, ‫ فسفس‬fasfara (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ فسافس‬fasāfis2
putrefaction, putridity; depravity, bedbug
wickedness, viciousness, iniquity.
immorality; weakness; 712 pervertedness, ‫ فسفوسة‬fasfūsa pl. ‫ فسافيس‬fasāfīs2 pustule,
wrongness ; incorrectness, imperfection pimple
(of a legal transaction; Isl. Law) ‫ فسيفساء‬fusaifisā’ mosaic, mosaic work
2
‫ مَفسدة‬mafsada pl. ‫ مَفاسد‬mafāsid cause ‫ فسق‬fasaqa u i (fisq, ‫ فسوق‬fusūq) and
of corruption or evil; scandalous deed, fasuqa u to stray from the right course; to
heinous act; pl. ‫ مَفاسد‬dirty tricks, malicious stray, deviate (‫ عن‬from); to act unlawfully,
acts, chicaneries │ ‫في المصلحة والمفسدة‬ sinfully, immorally, lead a dissolute life;
(maṣlaḥa) in good and bad times, for to fornicate (‫ ب‬with) II (Isl. Law) to
better or for worse declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) to b. a fāsiq (q.v.)
‫ افساد‬ifsād thwarting, undermining, ‫ فسق‬fisq sinfulness, viciousness, moral
sabotaging depravity, dissolute life │ ‫ دور الفسق‬dūr al-
‫ فاسد‬fāsid pl. ‫ فسدي‬fasadī bad, foul, f. brothels
rotten, spoiled, decayed, decomposed, ‫ فسوق‬fusūq outrage, iniquity
putrid; depraved, corrupt, vicious, wicked,
immoral; empty, vain, idle, unsound, false, ‫ مَفسقة‬malaaqa pl. ‫ مَفاسق‬mafāsiq2 brothel
wrong; imperfect (legal transaction; Isl. ‫ فاسق‬fāsiq pl. ‫ فساق‬fussāq, ‫ فسقة‬fasaqa
Law) │ ‫( دور فاسد‬daur) vicious circle, godless, sinful, dissolute, wanton,
circulus vitiosus licentious, profligate, vicious, iniquitous,
‫ فسر‬II to explain, expound, explicate, nefarious; trespasser, offender, sinner;
elucidate, interpret (‫ هـ‬s.th.), comment (‫هـ‬ fornicator, adulterer; a person not meeting
on) V to be explained, interpreted, etc. the legal requirements of righteousness
(see II); to have an explanation (‫ ب‬in), be (Isl. Law)
explainable (‫ ب‬with, by) X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) 2
‫ فسقية‬fasqīya, fisqīya pl. -āt, ‫ فساقي‬fasāqīy
for an explanation (‫ عن‬of), inquire (‫ عن ه‬of fountain; well
s.o. about), ask (‫ عن ه‬s.o. about); to seek 1
an explanation (‫ عن‬for) ‫ فسل‬fasl pl. ‫ فسول‬fusūil low, lowly,
ignoble; despicable; false, deceitful
‫ تفسير‬tafsīr pl. ‫ تفاسير‬tafāsīr2
explanation, exposition, elucidation, ‫ فسل‬lusUIa lowliness; w.akness
explication, interpretation; commentary ‫ فسيلة‬fasīla pl. ‫ فسيل‬fasīl, ‫ فسائل‬fasā’il2
(esp. one on the Koran) palm seedling, palm shoot
‫ تفسيري‬tafsīrī explanatory, explicatory, 2
‫ فسولية‬fasūlīya = ‫فصوليا‬
illustrative
‫ فسلجة‬faslaja physiology
‫ تفسرة‬tafsira urine specimen (of a
‫ فسلجي‬faslajī physiologic(al) 713
patient, for diagnosis)
(‫ فسا )فسو‬fasā u (fasw, ‫ فساء‬fusā’) to break wind
‫ استفسار‬istifsār pl. -āt inquiry, question (
noiselessly
‫ عن‬about)
‫ فاسياء‬fāsiyā’2 dung beetle
‫ مَفسر‬mufassir commentator
‫ فسولية‬fasūliya = ‫فصوليا‬
‫ فسطاط‬fusṭāṭ pl. ‫ فساطيط‬fasāṭīṭ2 (large)
tent made of haircloth; tent, pavilion, ‫ فسيولوجيا‬fisiyōlōjiyā physiology
canopy; ‫ الفسطاط‬al-fusṭāṭ ancient Islamic ‫ فسيولوجي‬fisiyōlōjī physiologic(al);
city south of present-day Cairo physiologist
‫ فسطان‬fusṭān pl. ‫ فساطين‬fasāṭīn2 see ‫فستان‬ ‫ فش‬fašša u (fašš) to cause (‫ هـ‬a swelling, and
‫ فسفات‬fusfāt phosphate the like) to subside; to go down, subside
(swelling) │ ‫( فش خلقه )غله( في‬kulqahū,
‫ فسفر‬fasfara and II tafasfara to phosphoresce
gillahū) (eg.) to vent one’s anger on … ‫ فص‬faṣṣ pl. ‫ فصوص‬fuṣūṣ stone of a ring;
VII to go down, subside (swelling, and the clove (of garlic); segment (of an orange);
like) lobe (anat., bot.); joint; essence │ ‫فص مَلح‬
f. milḥ (eg.) lump of salt; ‫بنصه وفصه‬
‫ فشة‬fišša pl. ‫ فشش‬fišaš (eg., syr.) lung,
(naṣṣihī) in the very words, ipsissimis
lights (of animals)
verbis, literally, precisely
‫ فاشي‬and ‫ فاشية‬look up alphabetically 1
‫ فصح‬faṣuḥa u (‫ فصاحة‬faṣāḥa) to be eloquent II
‫ فشخ‬fašaka a (fašk) to straddle; to stride, take to bring (‫ هـ‬the language) into literary
large steps form, make (‫ هـ‬the language) correct
‫ فشخ‬fašk pl. -āt stride, large step Arabic, purify (‫ هـ‬the language) IV to
express o.s. in flawless literary Arabic; to
‫ فشر‬fašara u to brag, boast, swagger speak clearly, distinctly, intelligibly; to
‫ فشر‬fašr bragging, swagger, vain give expression (‫ عن‬to), express, state
clearly, declare outright, make plain (‫عن‬
‫ فشار‬fušār bragging, swagger, vain s.th.), speak openly, frankly (‫ عن‬about); to
boasting orient, inform (‫ عن ل‬s.o. about); to become
‫ فشار‬fišār (eg.) popcorn clear, plain, distinct V to affect eloquence,
affect mastery of the language VI = V
‫ فشار‬faššār braggart, swaggerer, vain
boaster ‫ فصيح‬faṣīḥ pl. ‫ فصحاء‬fuṣaḥā’2, ‫فصاح‬
fiṣāḥ, ‫ فصح‬fuṣuḥ pure, good Arabic
‫ فشفاش‬fašfāš (eg.) lung, lights (of animals)
(language), literary; skillful in using the
‫ فشك‬fašak (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬cartridges │ ‫فشك خلبي‬ correct literary language; clear, plain,
(kullabī) blank cartridges (Syr.); ‫فشك دخاني‬ distinct, 716 intelligible (language,
(dukānī) smoke cartridges (Syr.) speech); fluent, eloquent
‫ فشل‬fašila a (fašal) to lose courage, be or ‫ فصاحة‬faṣāḥa purity of the language;
become cowardly or faint-hearted, lose fluency, eloquence
heart, despair; to be disappointed; to fail,
‫ افصح‬afṣaḥ2, f. ‫ فصحى‬fuṣḥā of purer
he unsuccessful (‫ في‬in); to miscarry, go
language; more eloquent │ (‫العربية )اللغة‬
wrong, fail n and IV to thwart, foil,
‫‘( الفصحى‬arabīya, luga) classical Arabic; ‫الف‬
frustrate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to fail, be
‫ صحى‬do.
unsuccessful
‫ افصاح‬ifṣāḥ flawless literary Arabic
‫ فشل‬fašal disappointment, failure, flop,
style; frank statement, open word (‫عن‬
fiasco
about), open declaration (‫ عن‬of)
‫ فشل‬fašl, fašil weak, faint-hearted,
‫ مَفصح‬mufṣiḥ clear, plain, distinct,
cowardly, craven
intelligible; cloudless, sunny, bright (day)
‫ فاشل‬fāšil failing, unsuccessful, futile, 2
‫ فصح‬IV to celebrate Easter (Chr.); to celebrate
doomed to failure; no good, worthless
Passover (Jud.)
(‫ فشا )فشو‬fašā u (‫ فشو‬fašw, fušuw, ‫ فشي‬fušīy) to
‫ فصح‬fiṣḥ, faṣḥ pl. ‫ فصوح‬fuṣūḥ Easter
spread, spread about, diffuse, gain ground,
(Chr.); Pesach, Passover (Jud.)
make the rounds, circulate; to be revealed,
he disclosed, he divulged IV to spread, ‫ فصد‬faṣada i (faṣd, ‫ فصاد‬faṣād) to open
disseminate, put in circulation (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to a vein; to bleed (‫ ه‬s.o.), perform a
reveal, disclose, divulge (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.) V venesection (‫ ه‬on) V to drip (e.g., the face,
to spread, spread about, gain ground, rage ‫‘ عرقا‬araqan with perspiration) VII to be
(e.g., a disease) bled, undergo a venesection; to bleed
(nose)
‫ تفش‬tafaššin spreading, spread, outbreak
‫ فصد‬faṣd opening of a vein,
‫ فص‬II (eg.) to remove the outer shell (‫ هـ‬of
bloodletting, venesection, phlebotomy
s.th.)
‫ فصاد‬fiṣād opening of a vein,
bloodletting, venesection, phlebotomy
‫ فصادة‬fiṣāda pl. ‫ فصائد‬faṣā’id2 etc.); article (in a newspaper); class, grade
bloodletting, venesection, phlebotomy │ (school); season │ ‫( فصل الخطاب‬in letters:)
‫ ابو فصادة‬abū f. (eg.) wagtail (zool.) conclusion of the formal greetings by the
words 715 ‫ امَا بعد‬ammā ba‘du; conclusion,
‫ مَفصد‬mifṣad, pl. ‫ مَفاصد‬mafāṣid2 lancet
termination; decision; unmistakable
‫ فصفات‬fuṣfāt phosphate judgment; ‫ بيني وبينك فصل الخطاب‬we’re
‫ فصفور‬fuṣfūr phosphorus through with one another once and for all;
‫( فصل التمثيل‬theater) season; ‫القول الفصل‬
‫ فصفوري‬fuṣfūrī phosphoric, (qaul) the last word, the final decision; ‫يوم‬
phosphorous │ ‫ضياء فصفوري‬ ‫ الفصل‬yaum al-f. Day of Judgment,
phosphorescence Doomsday
‫ فصل‬faṣala i (faṣl) to separate, part, O ‫ فصلة‬faṣla comma │ O ‫فصلة مَنقوطة‬
divide, disjoin, divorce, cut off, detach, set semicolon
apart, segregate (‫ ه‬,‫ عن هـ‬s.o. s.th. from); to
separate (‫ بين‬two things or persons); to ‫ فصلة‬fiṣla offprint, reprint
isolate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cut, sever, sunder, ‫ فصيل‬faṣīl pl. ‫ فصال‬fiṣāl, ‫ فصلن‬fuṣlān
interrupt (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to discharge, dismiss, young (weaned) camel
fire, sack, expel (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن ه‬s.o. from an
‫ فصيلة‬faṣīla pl. ‫ فصائل‬faṣā’il genus,
office), relieve, divest (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن ه‬s.o. of an
species, family (bot., and the like);
office), cashier (‫ ه‬s.o.); to decide (‫ هـ‬a
detachment, squad; group, cell (pol.);
controversy, and the like), make a
platoon, squadron (of heavy arms; mil.) │
decision. render judgment (‫ في‬in, about,
‫ فصيلة دم‬f. dam blood group; ‫ فصيلة العدام‬f.
with respect to); to fix the price (‫ هـ‬for
al-i‘dām firing squad, execution squad;
s.th.); -- (‫ فصال‬fiṣāl) to wean (‫ه عن الرضاع‬
‫ فصيلة الَستكشاف‬reconnaissance squad,
the infant from sucking); -- faṣala u (‫فصول‬
patrol
fuṣūl) to go away, depart, move away (‫عن‬
or ‫ مَن‬from), leave (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬a place), pull ‫ فيصل‬faiṣal decisive criterion;
out (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬of a place) II to divide into arbitrator, arbiter
particular sections, arrange in sections, ‫ فيصل‬faiṣalīya “Faisal cap”, Iraqi field
group, classify, categorize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cap (formerly, Ir.)
present in logical order, set forth in detail,
detail, particularize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make (‫هـ‬ ‫ مَفصل‬mafṣil pl. ‫ مَفاصل‬mafāṣil2 joint,
s.th.) clear, plain, distinct; to make to articulation
measure, cut out (‫ هـ‬a garment) III to ‫ مَفصلي‬mafṣilī articular
separate o.s., dissociate o.s., be separated (
‫ ه‬from s.o.), part company (‫ ه‬with); to ‫ تفصيل‬tafṣīl detailed statement,
haggle, bargain (‫ على ه‬with s.o. for) VII to elaborate or minute exposition,
separate o.s., disengage o.s., dissociate particularization, detailing; elaborateness,
o.s. segregate, secede (‫ عن‬from); to be minuteness, completeness of detail;
separated, disjoined, detached, removed, cutting out, cut (of a garment); (pl. -āt, ‫تفا‬
set aside, cut off (‫ عن‬from), be interrupted; ‫ صيل‬tafāṣīl2) detail, particular │ ‫تفصيلا‬
to be discharged, dismissed, fired, sacked, tafṣīlan and ‫ بالتفصيل‬in detail, elaborately,
cashiered; to retire, resign (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬from minutely, circumstantially; ‫ مَن تفصيل‬...
an office), be relieved, be divested (‫ مَن‬or (with foll. genit.) made to measure by ...;
‫ عن‬of an office); to quit, leave (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬a tailored by ...; ‫ ثياب التفصيل‬tailor-made
political party, and the like) clothes; ‫ مَحبوك التفصيل‬well-fitting
(garment)
‫ فصل‬faṣl parting, disjunction,
detachment, severance, sunderance, ‫ تفصيلي‬tafṣīlī detailed, minute,
cutting off; separation; division, partition; particular, elaborate; analytic(al); ‫تفصيليا‬
discharge, dismissal (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬from an tafṣīlīyan separately, singly, one at a time
office); decision, (rendering of) judgment; │ ‫ المساحة التفصيلية‬land survey
-- (pl. ‫ فصول‬fuṣūl) section, part; chapter; ‫ انفصال‬infiṣāl separation;
act (of a play); movement (of a symphony, disengagement, dissociation, withdrawal;
secession; interruption │ O ‫حرب الَنفصال‬ ‫ هـ‬tears) │ ‫( فض بكارتها‬bakāratahā) to
ḥarb al-inf. the American Civil War; ‫انصار‬ deflower a girl; ‫ لَ فض فوك‬lā fuḍḍ fūka
‫ الَنفصال‬separatists how well you have spoken! II to plate or
coat with silver, to silver (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VII to
‫ انفصالي‬infiṣālī separatistic; (pl. -ūn)
he opened, be broken, be undone (e.g., a
separatist
seal); to be scattered, be dispersed, be
‫ انفصالية‬infiṣālīya aeparatism‫ فاصل‬faṣil routed; to scatter, disperse, disband, break
separatory, separating, parting, dividing; up, dissolve; to be concluded, be closed
isolating, insulating; decisive, crucial; (session, and the like) VIII to deflwer (‫ ها‬a
conclusive; separation, partition, division, girl)
interruption │ ‫ بل فاصل‬without
‫ فض‬faḍḍ opening, breaking, undoing
interruption, uninterrupted, unbroken; ‫فاص‬
(e.g., of a real); dispersion, scattering,
‫ ل الحرارة‬f. al-ḥarāra heat-insulating
breaking up, routing; settlement, settling
(phys.); ‫( مَباراة فاصلة‬mubārāh) finals, final
(of a dispute); conclusion, closure (e.g., of
match (sports); ‫( خط فاصل‬kaṭṭ) demarcation
a session) │ ‫ فض البكارة‬f. al-bakāra
line
defloration
‫ فاصلة‬fāṣila pl. ‫ فواصل‬fawāṣil2 partition,
‫ فضة‬fiḍḍa silver
division; interstice, interspace, interval; O
comma; O dash (punctuation mark); end, ‫ فضي‬fiḍḍī silver, silvery, argentic,
rhyme of a Koranic verse argentous, made of silver, like silver; ‫فضيا‬
‫ ت‬fiḍḍīyāt silverware │ ‫الجمهورية الفضية‬
‫ مَفصل‬mufaṣṣal set forth or described
(jumhūrīya) Argentina; ‫ الستار الفضي‬the
minutely, elaborately or in great detail,
motion-picture screen, the silver screen
detailed, minute, elaborate, circumstantial;
tailor-made, custom-made; ‫مَفصلا‬ ‫ مَفض‬mifaḍḍ implement for opening or
mufaṣṣalan in detail, minutely, breaking open │ ‫ مَفض الخطابات‬letter opener
elaborately, circumstantially ‫ انفضاض‬infiḍāḍ dissolution, breaking
‫ مَفصلة‬mufaṣṣala pl. -āt hinge up, dispersal; end, close, conclusion,
closure (e.g., of a session)
‫ مَنفصل‬munfaṣl separate, detached
‫ افتضاض‬iftiḍāḍ defloration
‫ فصم‬fṣama i (faṣm) to cause (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to
crack, crack (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to split, cleave (‫هـ‬ ‫ فضح‬faḍaḥa a (faḍḥ) to disclose or uncover
s.th.); pass. fuṣima to be destroyed (house) s.o. (‫ )ه‬faults or offenses, expose, show up,
VII to have a crack, be cracked; to be compromise, shame, disgrace, dishonor (‫ه‬
split, be cleft s.o.); to outshine, eclipse (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., the
moon the stars); to ravish, violate, rape (‫ها‬
‫ فصم‬faṣm pl. ‫ فصومَات‬fuṣūmāt recess,
a woman); to disclose, reveal, show, bring
niche, chamfer (in walls; arch.)
to light, divulge, betray (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VII to be
‫ انفصام‬infiṣām split; O schizophrenia exposed, be compromised, be disgraced,
‫ فصوليا‬faṣūliyā (or ‫ )فصولية‬the common be dishonored VIII to become public,
European bean (Phascolus vulgaris L.; become known, come to light │ ‫افتضح امَره‬
bot.) 716 (amruhū) he was exposed

‫ فصى‬V to free o.s., rid o.s. (‫ مَن‬of), ‫ فضح‬faḍḥ exposure, humiliation,


shake off (‫ مَن‬s.th.) mortification, debasement, degradation,
disgracing, dishonoring
‫ فض‬faḍḍa (1st pers. perf. faḍaḍtu) u
(faḍḍ) to break (open), pry open, force ‫ فضيح‬faḍīḥ covered with shame,
open, undo (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a seal); to break, exposed, compromised, humiliated,
snap (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to scatter, disperse, break shamed, disgraced, dishonored;
up, rout (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to perforate, pierce (‫ هـ‬a disgraceful, shameful, infamous,
pearl); to conclude, close (‫ هـ‬a session, and ignominious
the like); to dissolve (‫ هـ‬parliament); to ‫ فضيحة‬faḍīḥa exposure, humiliation,
settle (‫ هـ‬a conflict, and the like); to shed ( mortification, debasement, degradation,
disgracing, dishonoring; -- (pl. ‫فضائح‬ matter; -- pl. ‫ فضول‬that which is
faḍā’iḥ2) disgraceful, or scandalous, act or superfluous, redundant or in excess, a
thing; infamy, ignominy; shame, disgrace, surplus, overplus, superfluity; waste,
scandal refuse; droppings, excrements; --
superiority (‫ على‬over); precedence, priority
‫ فضاح‬faḍḍāḥ divulging secrets,
(‫ على‬over), preference (‫ على‬to); grace,
unearthing shameful things
favor (‫ على‬to, toward); kindness,
‫ افتضاح‬iftiḍāḥ disgracefulness, graciousness, amiability; erudition,
ignominy, infamy culture, refinement; -- (pl. ‫ افضال‬afḍāl)
‫ فاضح‬fāḍiḥ disgraceful, shameful, merit, desert (‫ في‬on behalf of, with respect
infamous, ignominious, dishonorable, to), credit (for, in), service(s) (‫ على‬to);
discrediting, scandalous benefit, favor, gift, present │ ‫فضلا عن‬
(faḍlan) beside, aside from ..., not to speak
‫ مَفضوح‬mafḍūḥ covered with shame, of …, let alone ..., to say nothing of ...; ‫فضل‬
exposed, compromised, humiliated, ‫ ا عن ذلك‬besides, moreover, furthermore; ‫بف‬
shamed, disgraced, dishonored; ‫ ضل‬thanks to, owing to, due to; ‫مَن فضلك‬
disgraceful, shameful, infamous, please! if you please; ‫يرجع الفضل في ذلك‬
ignominious (yarji‘u) or ‫ الفضل في ذلك عائد عليه‬the merit
‫ فضفاض‬faḍfāḍ wide, loose, flowing (garment); thereby is his due, he deserves all the
ample, abundant; plump, corpulent (girl); credit for it; ‫ ليس بالفضول ان‬it is not
pompous, high-sounding, bombastic superfluous that ...; ‫ فضول الحاديث‬futile
(speech) talk, idle words; ‫( مَن فضول الكلم ان‬f. il-
‫ فضل‬faḍala u and faḍila a (faḍl) to be surplus, kalām) it would be needless talk to ..., it
be in excess, be left (over), remain; -- would be a waste of words if ...
faḍala u (faḍl) to excel, surpass (‫ على‬or ,‫هـ‬ ‫ فضلة‬faḍla pl. faḍalāt remnant,
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.); to be excellent, superior, remainder, residue, leftover, rest, surplus,
exquisite, good, be better, be more 717 overplus; waste, scrap, discard, offal,
adequate II to prefer (‫ ه‬,‫ على هـ‬s.o., s.th. to waste product; pl. excretions (physiol.),
s.o., to s.th.), like better (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫على‬ excrements
than); to give preference (‫ ه‬,‫ على هـ‬to s.o.,
to s.th. over), set s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ )هـ‬before ‫ فضول‬fuḍūl curiosity, inquisitiveness,
or above (‫ )على‬III to contend for officiousness, meddling
precedence or superiority (‫ ه‬with s.o.) │ ‫فا‬ ‫ فضولي‬fuḍūlī inquisitive, curious; busy-
‫ ضل بين شيئين‬to compare two things in body, officious, meddlesome; prattler,
order to determine which deserves chatterer; manager without commission,
preference IV to confer a benefit (‫على‬ uncommissioned agent (Isl. Law)
upon s.o.), do (‫ على‬s.o.) a favor, oblige (
‫ فضولية‬fuḍūlīya inquisitiveness
‫ على‬s.o.); to present, honor (‫ ب على‬s.o.
curiosity; obtrusiveness, importunity,
with), bestow, confer (‫ ب على‬upon s.o.
officiousness, indiscreetness
s.th.), grant, award (‫ ب على‬to s.o. s.th.) V =
IV; to have the kindness (‫ ب‬of doing or to ‫ فضيل‬faḍīl pl. ‫ فضلاء‬fuḍalā’ outstanding,
do s.th.; or ‫ ف‬fa with finite verb), be so eminent, very good, first-rate, excellent;
kind (‫ ب‬as to do s.th.; or ‫ ف‬with finite distinguished, deserving; learned, erudite
verb), deign, condescend, be graciously ‫ فضالة‬fuḍāla pl. -āt remnant, remainder,
disposed (‫ ب‬to do s.th.; or ‫ ف‬with finite residue, leftover, rest, surplus, overplus;
verb); (imperative) tafaḍḍal please! if you offal, refuse, scum
please; to put on house clothes, be dressed
for around the house ‫ فضيلة‬faḍīla pl. ‫ فضائل‬faḍā’il2 moral
excellence, excellent quality, virtue; merit,
‫ فضل‬faḍl pl. ‫ فضول‬fuḍūl surplus, advantage, excellence, exquisiteness │
overplus, excess, superfluity, overflow; ‫ صاحب الفضيلة‬title of Islamic scholars (as,
leftover, remainder, remnant, rest; matter for instance, Rector and sheiks of Al
of secondary importance, subordinate
Azhar University), also preceding the title ‫ الى‬s.o., s.th.); to lead (‫ الى ب‬s.o. to; ‫ الى‬to,
of sheik: ‫فضيلة الشيخ‬ e.g., to results); to inform, notify (‫ب الى‬
s.o. of), announce (‫ ب الى‬to s.o. s.th.) V to
‫ افضل‬afḍal2, f. ‫ فضلى‬fuḍlā, pl. m. -ūn, ‫افا‬
have free time, have leisure (‫ ل‬for)
‫ ضل‬afāḍil2, f. ‫ فضليات‬fuḍlayāt better, best;
more excellent, preferable, etc.; ‫افاضل‬ ‫ فضاء‬faḍā’ vast and unlimited space,
(very) excellent, learned men; ‫فضليات‬ empty space; space (phys.); cosmic space;
‫ السيدات‬f. as-sayyidāt the worthy (or sky; vast expanse, vastness, void │ ‫سفينة‬
esteemed) ladies ‫ الفضاء‬spaceship; ‫ رمَى به في الفضاء‬to throw
s.th. in the air; -- (pl. ‫ افضية‬afḍiya) open
‫ افضلية‬afḍalīya precedence, priority (‫على‬
area, open tract of land, open country
over), preference (‫ على‬to. over);
predilection 718 ‫ فضائي‬faḍā’ī: ‫ سفينة فضائية‬spaceship
‫ مَفضل‬mifḍal pre-eminent, most ‫ فاض‬fāḍin empty, vacated, vacant;
outstanding, most excellent, very unoccupied, not busy, at leisure, free (of
generous, very liberal commitments)
‫ مَفضلة‬mifḍala pl. ‫ مَفاضل‬mafāḍil2 house ‫ فطح‬faṭaḥa a (faṭḥ) and II to spread out, make
dress, everyday dress broad and flat, flatten (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَفضال‬mifḍāl pre-eminent, most ‫ افطح‬afṭaḥ2 and ‫ مَفطح‬mufaṭṭaḥ broad-
outstanding, most excellent; very headed, broad-nosed
generous, very liberal ‫ فطاحل‬faṭāḥil2 (pl. of ‫ فطحل‬fiṭaḥl) important,
‫ تفضيل‬tafḍīl preference, preferment, outstanding, leading men or personalities,
favoring; esteem, high estimation │ ‫اسم‬ luminaries, celebrities, stars │ ‫زمَن الفطحل‬
‫ التفضيل‬ism at-t. noun of preference = zaman al-fiṭaḥl primeval times, preadamic
elative (af‘āl2; gram.) period
‫ فضل‬mul/i44la compariaon, weighing ‫ فطر‬faṭara u (faṭr) to split, cleave, break apart (
‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- (‫ فطور‬fuṭūr) to break the fast,
‫ تفضل‬tafaḍḍul deigning, condescension,
eat and drink after a fast; to breakfast,
complaisance, courteousness, courtesy,
have breakfast; -- (faṭr) to make, create,
favor, grace │ ‫ لبسة التفضل‬libsat at-t.
bring into being, bring forth (‫ هـ‬s.th.; of
careless manner of dressing for around the
God); to endow (‫ على ه‬s.o. with; of God);
house
pass. fuṭira to have a natural disposition (
‫ تفاضل‬tafāḍul rivalry for precedence; ‫ على‬for); ‫( فطر على‬fuṭira) ... is native of
quantitative disparity (of two services him, ... is in his nature IV to break the fast,
rendered; Isl. Law) │ O ‫حساب التفاضل‬ eat and drink after a fast; to breakfast,
differential calculus have breakfast V to be split, be cleft, be
O ‫ تفاضلي‬tafāḍulī differential (adj.) broken VII = V; ‫( انفطر بالبكاء‬bi-l-bukā’) to
break into tears
‫ فاضل‬fāḍil remaining, leftover, left,
surplus, exceeding, in excess; (pl. ‫فواضل‬ ‫ فطر‬faṭr pl. ‫ فطور‬fuṭūr crack, fissure,
fawāḍil2) remainder, remnant, residue, rift, cleavage, rupture
rest, leftover, surplus, overplus, excess; -- ‫ فطر‬fiṭr fast breaking │ ‫صدقة الفطر‬
(pl. -ūn, ‫ فضلاء‬fuḍalā’2) outstanding, ṣadaqat al-f. almsgiving at the end of
eminent, very good, first-rate, superior, Ramadan (īsl. Law); ‫‘ عيد الفطر‬īd al-f. Feast
excellent, distinguished, deserving; of Breaking the Ramadan Feast, or Lesser
learned; man of culture and refinement Bairam, celebrated on the 1st of Shawwal
‫ مَفضل‬mufaḍḍal preferable, preferred ‫ فطر‬fuṭr (coll.; n. un.) fungi,
(‫ فضو‬and ‫ فضا )فضي‬faḍā u (‫ فضو‬fuḍūw, ‫فضاء‬ mushrooms 719
faḍā’) to be or become spacious, wide, ‫ فطري‬fuṯrī fungal, fungus, fungi-,
large (space); to be empty, void, vacant II myco- (in compounds); ‫ فطريات‬fuṯrīyāt
to empty, void, vacate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to parasitic fungi; mushrooms; fungal
come, attain (‫ الى‬to), arrive (‫ الى‬at), reach ( cultures │ ‫( المرض الفطري‬maraḍ) mycosis
‫ فطرة‬fiṭra creation; (pl. ‫ فطر‬fiṭar) nature, s.th.); to remind(‫ الى ه‬,‫ ب‬s.o. of) V to
(natural) disposition, constitution, comprehend, understand (‫ ل‬s.th.)
temperament, innate character, instinct; ‫ فطن‬faṭin clever, smart, astute,
fiṭratan by nature sagacious, perspicacious, bright,
‫ فطري‬fiṭrī natural; instinctive, native, intelligent
inborn, innate │ ‫( النسان الفطري‬insān) ‫ فطنة‬fiṭna pl. fitan cleverness,
natural man; ‫ الديانات الفطرية‬natural religions astuteness, sagacity, perspicacity, acumen,
‫ فطور‬faṭūr breakfast intelligence
‫ فطير‬faṭīr unleavened; immature, ‫ فطن‬faṭin pl. ‫ فطناء‬fuṭanā’2 clever, smart,
unbaked; fresh, new, newly made; bright, intelligent
unleavened bread ‫ فطانة‬faṭāna cleverness, smartness
‫ فطيرة‬faṭīra (coll. ‫ فطير‬faṭīr) pl. ‫فطائر‬ ‫ تفطن‬tafaṭṭun intelligence; intellection
faṭā’ir (unleavened) bread; pastry made of
water, flour and shortening (sometimes ‫ فظ‬faẓẓ pl. ‫ افظاظ‬afẓāẓ crude, rude,
with sugar added); a cake-like white bread coarse, blunt, gruff, impolite, uncivil,
(made with eggs and butter; eg.) uncouth, boorish, uneducated; -- walrus
‫ فطايري‬faṭāyirī pl. ‫ فطايرية‬faṭāyirīya ‫ فظاظة‬faẓāẓa crudeness, rudeness,
(ṭun.) maker or seller of faṭira (see above) coarseness, bluntness, gruffness,
impoliteness, uncouthness, boorishness
‫ فطاطري‬faṭāṭirī pl. ‫ فطاطرية‬faṭāṭirīya
(eg.) maker or seller of faṭira (see above) ‫ فظع‬faẓa‘a u (‫ فظاعة‬faẓā‘a) to be or
become abominable, detectable, hideous,
‫ افطار‬ifṭār fast breaking; breakfast; first ugly, repulsive, disgusting, shooking,
meal after sunset during Ramadan odious, heinous, atrocious, horrid, horrible
‫ الفاطر‬a-fāṭir the Creator (= God) X to find (‫ هـ‬s.th.) abominable. detestable,
etc. (see I); to call abominable, revolting,
‫ فطس‬faṭasa i (‫ فطوس‬fuṭūs) to die II to kill (‫ه‬
shocking (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
s.o.); to suffocate, strangle, choke to death
(‫ ه‬s.o.) VII to become flattened (nose) ‫ فظع‬fazi‘ abominable, detectable,
hideous, ugly, repulsive, disgusting,
‫ فطيس‬faṭīs suffocated, stifled
shocking, odious, heinous, atrocious,
‫ فطيسة‬faṭīsa pl. ‫ فطائس‬faṭā’is2 corpse, horrid, horrible 720
body; carrion, carcass
‫ فظيع‬faẓī‘ abominable, detestable,
‫ افطس‬afṯas2 flat-nosed, snub-nosed hideous, ugly, repulsive, disgusting,
‫ فطم‬faṭama i (faṭm) to wean (‫ ه‬s.o.; an infant or shocking, odious, heinous, atrocious,
a young animal) VII to be weaned; to horrid, horrible
abstain (‫ عن‬from) ‫ فظاعة‬faẓā‘a pl. ‫ فظائع‬faẓā’i‘2,
‫ فطام‬fiṭām weaning, ablactation abominableness, hideousness, ugliness,
repulsiveness, odiousness, heinousness,
‫ فطيم‬faṭīm pl. ‫ فطم‬fuṭum weaned atrocity, horridness, horror; pl. atrocities
‫ فاطمي‬fāṭimī Fatimid (adj. and n.); ‫الفاطمي‬ ‫ مَفظع‬mufẓi‘ abominable, detestable,
‫ ون‬the Fatimids hideous, ugly, repulsive, disusting,
‫ فطن‬faṭina a, faṭana u and faṭuna u (‫ فطنة‬fiṭna) shocking, odious, heinous, atrocious,
to be or become clever, smart, discerning, horrid, horrible
sagacious, perspicacious, bright, ‫ فعل‬fa‘ala a (fa‘l, fi‘l) to do (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to act; to
intelligent; to notice, realize, comprehend, perform, some activity; to have an
understand (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.); to be or influence or effect (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬on), affect (‫في‬
become aware (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬of); to think ( or ‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to do (‫ ب‬to s.o., s.th.; ‫في هـ‬
‫ الى‬of s.th.) II to make intelligent (‫ ه‬s.o.); s.th. with) │ ‫( فعل فيه فعل كريها‬fi‘lan) to
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) realize or understand ( ,‫ب‬ have an unpleasant effect on s.o. II to scan
‫ الى‬,‫ ل‬s.th.), explain (‫ الى ه‬,‫ ل‬,‫ ب‬to s.o. (‫ هـ‬a verse) VI to interact, interplay;
(chem.) to enter into combination, form a ‫ اسم الفاعل‬ism al-f. nomen agentis, active
compound; to combine (‫ مَع‬with) VII to be participle (gram.); ‫ ذو راديوم فاعل‬radioactive
done; to be or become influenced or ‫ فاعلية‬fā‘ilīya effectiveness, efficacy;
affected (‫ ل‬by), be under the influence of activity
s.o. or s.th. (‫ ;)ل‬to b. agitated, excited,
upset VIII to concoct, invent, fabricate ( ‫ مَفعول‬maf‘ūl object (gram.); ‫مَفعول به‬
‫( كذبا على‬kidban kidban a lie against); to do.; -- (pl. ‫ مَفاعيل‬mafā‘īl2) effect,
falsify, forge (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a handwriting); impression, impact; effectiveness, validity
to invent (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ اسم المفعول‬ism al-m. nomen patientis,
passive participle (gram.); ‫ سرى مَفعوله‬sarā
‫ فعل‬fi‘l activity, doing, work, action, maf‘ūluhū to be or become effective, be
performance; function; -- (pl. ‫ افعال‬af‘āl, ‫فعا‬ valid (‫ على‬for); ‫ ساري المفعول‬sārī l-m. valid
‫ ل‬fi‘āl) deed, act, action; effect, impact; -- (e.g., an identity card); ‫( مَفعول رجعي‬raj‘ī)
(pl. ‫ افعال‬af‘āl) verb (gram.); pl. ‫افاعيل‬ retroactive force, retroactivity
afā‘īl2 great deeds, exploits, feats;
machinations │ ‫ فعلا‬fi‘lan or ‫ بالفعل‬indeed, ‫ مَنفعل‬munfa‘il excited, agitated, upset;
in effect, actually, really, practically; ‫بالفعل‬ irritable
out of, because of, due to ‫ مَفتعل‬mufta‘al artificial, fabricated,
‫ فعلي‬fi‘lī actual, factual, real; effective, forged, falsified, false, spurious 720
efficacious, efficient; practical; de facto; ‫ فعم‬IV to cram, jam, pack, fill to overflowing,
verbal (gram.) fill up (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with)
‫ فعلة‬fa‘a pl. -āt deed, act, action ‫ مَفعم‬muf‘am brimful, chock-full, filled
‫ فعال‬fa‘‘āl effective, efficacious, to capacity or overflowing, replete,
efficient overfull, filled entirely, crammed,
jampacked (‫ ب‬with)
‫ فعالية‬fa‘‘ālīya effectiveness, efficacy,
efficiency; activity ‫ افعى‬af‘an f., pl. ‫ افاع‬afā‘in adder, viper, asp
‫ افعل‬af‘al2 more effective, more ‫ افعوان‬uf‘uwān adder, viper, asp
efficacious ‫ فغرة‬fugra a u (fagr) to open (‫ هـ‬the mouth)
2
‫ تفعيل‬taf‘īl pl. ‫ تفاعيل‬tafā‘īl foot of a wide, gape VII to open wide, be agape
verse; (poet.) meter (mouth)
‫ تفاعل‬tafā‘ul pl. -āt interaction, ‫ فغرة‬fugra pl. ‫ فغر‬fugar mouth of a
interplay; formation of a chemical valley
compound, chemical process. chemical ‫ فغفوري‬fagfūrī fine porcelain
reaction
‫ فاغية‬fāgiya henna blossom
‫ انفعال‬infi‘āl (state of) being affected,
acted upon, or influenced, passivity; ‫ فقأ‬faqa’a a ( ‫ فقء‬faq’) to knock out, gouge out
stimulation. irritation (biol.); (pl. -āt) (‫ هـ‬an eye); to lance, open (‫ هـ‬an abscess,
agitation. excitement, excitation, and the like) │ ‫‘( فقأ عينيه‬ainahū) to deal
commotion s.o. (an opponent, an enemy) a heavy
blow, ruin s.o. V to burst, explode, pop
‫ انفعالي‬infi‘ālī excitable, irritable,
susceptible (biol.); caused by affect, ‫ فقحة‬faqḥa pl. ‫ فقاح‬fiqāḥ anus, anal orifice
affective (philos.) ‫ فقد‬faqada i (faqd, ‫ فقدان‬fiqdān, fuqdān) to fail
‫ انفعالية‬infi‘ālīya excitability, irritability to find (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to lose (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
(biol.) s.th.); to have lost, miss (‫هـ‬, s.o., s.th.); not
to have (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be bereaved (‫ ه‬of s.o.), be
‫ فاعل‬fā‘il efective; efficacious, efficient; deprived, bereft, destitute (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to
(pl. -ūn) doer, actor, perpetrator; (pl. ‫فعلة‬ mislay, have mislaid (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to miss (‫هـ‬
fa‘ala) worker, workman, laborer; -- an opportunity, and the like) │ ‫فقد صوابه‬
active subject of a verbal clause (gram.) │ (ṣawābahū) to go out of one’s mind IV to
cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to lose or miss or forfeit (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to bereave, deprive, dispossess, rob vertebral column; ‫( حيوانات فقرية‬ḥayawānāt)
(‫ هـ ه‬s.o. of s.th.) V to seek (‫ هـ‬s.th.), look, vertebrates 722
search (‫ هـ‬for s.th.); to examine, study, ‫ فقار‬faqār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬vertebra;
survey, inspect, check, investigate (‫هـ‬ faqār spine, vertebral column
s.th.); to visit (‫ هـ‬s.th.), review, inspect (‫هـ‬
troops, and the like) VIII = V; to miss (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ ‫ فقير‬faqīr spinal, vertebral │ ‫السلسلة‬
s.o., s.th.) X to miss (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) ‫( الفقارية‬silsila) spine, vertebral column
‫ فقد‬faqd loss; bereavement ‫ فقير‬faqīr pl. ‫ فقراء‬fuqarā’2 poor,
poverty-stricken; poor man, pauper;
‫ فقيد‬faqīd lost, missing; dead, deceased; mendicant dervish, Sufi mendicant
deceased person │ ‫ فقيد العلم‬f. al-‘ilm one
whose death is deplored by science; ‫الفقيد‬ ‫ افتقار‬iftiqār need, requirement, want,
‫ الراحل‬the deceased lack (‫ الى‬of)
‫ فقد‬fiqdān, fuqdān loss; bereavement │ ‫ فقوس‬faqqūs a kind of large cucumber (= ‫)فقوص‬
‫ فقدان الصواب‬f. aṣ-ṣawāb folly, madness; ‫فقدا‬ ‫ مَفقس‬mifqas pl. ‫ مَفاقس‬mafāqis2 incubator
‫ ن الذاكرة‬loss of memory, amnesia
‫ فقش‬faqaāa i (faqš) to break, crush (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ تفقد‬tafaqqud pl. -āt examination, study,
survey, inspection, check, investigation; ‫ فقش‬faqš: ‫( لوز فقش‬lauz) thin-shelled
review, inspection (e.g., of troops); visit almonds
‫ افتقاد‬iftiqā examination, study, survey, ‫ فقص‬II to hatch, incubate (‫ هـ‬an egg; of a bird)
inspection, check, investigation; review, ‫ فقوص‬faqūṣ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a kind of
inspection (e.g., of troops); visit large cucumber
‫ فاقد‬fāqid devoid, destitute, bereft, ‫ تفقيص‬tafqīṣ hatching, incubation │ ‫آلة‬
deprived (of s.th.; with foll. genitive), ‫( لتفقيص البيض‬t. il-baiḍ) or ‫آلة التفقيص‬
bereaved (of s.o.; with foll. genitive); incubator
-less, un-, in-; loser │ ‫فاقد الشعور‬
unconscious; insensible, senseless; ‫فاقد‬ ‫ فقط‬II: ‫ فقط الحساب‬faqqaṭa l-ḥisāba to
‫ الضمير‬unconscionable, unscrupulous, write the word ‫ فقط‬faqaṭ “only” after the
unhesitating; ‫ فاقدو التهذيب‬people without total on an invoice so as to prevent
education, unmannered people fraudulent additions; to spell out the
figures of an invoice
‫ مَفقود‬mafqūd lost, missing, nonexistent,
absent, lacking, wanting; missing person ‫ فقط‬faqaṭ only, no more (postpositive);
altogether, total (after figures)
‫ مَتفقد‬mutafaqqid controller, inspector
‫ فقع‬faqa‘a a to burst, pop, explode II to crack,
‫ فقر‬faqara u i (faqr) to pierce, bore, perforate ( snap, pop VII = faqa‘a
‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- faqura u (‫ فقارة‬faqāra) to be or
become poor, needy II to pierce, bore, ‫ فقاعة‬fuqqā‘a pl. ‫ فقاقيع‬faqāqī‘2 bubble
perforate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to make poor, ‫ فاقع‬fāqi‘ bright yellow; bright, intense,
impoverish (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), reduce (‫ ه‬s.o.) brilliant, vivid (color)
to poverty; to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) in need (‫ الى‬of
‫ فاقعة‬fāqi‘a pl. ‫ فواقع‬fawāqi‘2 blister,
s.th.) VIII to become poor; to need (‫الى‬
vesicle; pustule
s.o., s.th.), lack, require (‫ الى‬s.th.), be in
need, be in want (‫ الى‬of s.o., of s.th.) ‫ فقم‬faqima a (faqam, faqm, ‫ فقوم‬fuqūm), faquma
u (‫ فقامَة‬faqāma) and VI to be or become
‫ فقر‬faqr poverty; need, lack, want
grave, serious, critical, dangerous,
‫ فقرة‬fiqra pl. fiqrāt, fiqarāt, ‫ فقر‬fiqar increase dangerously, become aggravated,
vertebra; section, paragraph, passage, reach alarming proportions, come to a
article head
‫ فقري‬fiqrā spinal, vertebral │ ‫السلسلة‬ ‫ فقم‬fuqqam, fuqm (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬seal
‫( الفقرية‬silsila) or ‫‘( العمود الفقري‬amūd) spine, (zool.)
‫ تفاقم‬tafāqum aggravation, increasing be dismounted; to be disrupted, be
gravity shattered, be fragmentized; to break apart
(e.g., a ship); to split, fissure, fission,
‫ فقنس‬faqnas phoenix
break up, dissolve, disintegrate, come
‫ فقه‬faqiha a (fiqh) to understand, comprehend ( apart VII to be separated, be disjoined, be
‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- faqiha a (fiqh) and faquha u (‫فقا‬ disconnected, be loosened, be unfastened,
‫ هة‬faqāha) to have knowledge, esp., have be undone, be untied, be unbound, be
legal knowledge II to teach (‫ ه‬s.o.), unbuttoned, be unscrewed; to separate
instruct (‫ في ه‬s.o. in) IV to teach (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. o.s., detach o.s. disengage o.s. (‫ مَن‬from),
s.th.), instruct (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. in s.th.) V to rid o.s. (‫ مَن‬of) │ ‫( لم ينفك‬with foll. imperf.
understand, comprehend (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to study or predicative aco.) not to atop doing,
the fiqh (q.v.); to apply o.s. to the keep doing VIII to redeem (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a
acquisition of knowledge (‫ في‬in), study (‫في‬ pledge); to dissolve, break up, separate,
s.th.), devote one’s studies to (‫)في‬, work at disintegrate, destroy (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to snatch
or on s.th. (‫ ;)في‬to gain information, get a away (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from s.o.)
clear picture, obtain a clear idea
‫ فك‬fakk redemption (of a pledge); (pl. ‫فك‬
‫ فقه‬fiqh understanding, comprehension; ‫ وك‬fukūk) jawbone, jaw │ ‫ الفك السفل‬the
knowledge; ‫ الفقه‬jurisprudence in Islam, lower jaw, mandible; ‫( الفك العلى‬a‘lā) the
fiqh │ ‫ فقه اللغة‬f. al-luga (indigenous, upper jaw, maxilla
Arabic) philology
‫ فكة‬fakka small change, coins
‫ فقهي‬fiqhī juristic(al); relating to
‫ فكاك‬fikāk, fakāk disengagement;
jurisprudence in Islam
redemption, liberation, emancipation,
‫ فقيه‬faqīh pl. ‫ فقهاء‬fuqahā’2 legist, release; ransom
jurisprudent (and theologian), expert of
‫ مَفك‬mifakk pl. -āt screw driver
fiqh (q.v.); -- (popular usage; eg.,
pronounced fiqī) reciter of the Koran; ‫ تفكيك‬tafkīk fragmentation,
elementary school teacher dismemberment, decomposition │ O ‫تفكيك‬
‫ الذرة‬t. ad-darra nuclear fission
‫ فك‬fakka (1st pers. perf. fakaktu) u (fakk)
to separate, disjoin, disconnect, sever, ‫ تفكك‬tafakkuk fragmentation, breakup,
sunder (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to break (open) (‫ هـ‬s.th., dissolution, disruption, rupture, disunion,
e.g., a seal); to open (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., the split; disintegration, decomposition
hand); to dislocate, disjoint (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a ‫ انفكاك‬infikāk disengagement
bone); to take apart, disassemble,
dismount, take to pieces, disintegrate, ‫ افتكاك‬iftikāk redemption (of a pledge)
break up, decompose, dismember, ‫ مَفكوك‬mafkūk loose
fragmentize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to dismantle, tear
723 down (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to untie. unbind, ‫ مَفكك‬mufakkak disconnected, disjointed,
unfasten, undo (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to detach, incoherent (words, phrases)
disengage, take off (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from); to ‫ فكر‬fakara u i (fakr) to reflect, meditate,
unbutton (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to unscrew (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cogitate, ponder, muse, speculate (‫ في‬on),
lift, raise (‫ الحجز‬al-ḥajza the confiscation, revolve in one’s mind, think over,
‫ عن‬of s.th.); to solve (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a contemplate, consider (‫ في‬s.th.); to think (
problem); (eg.) to change (‫ هـ‬money); -- ‫ في‬of, also ‫ )ب‬II = I; to remind (‫ في‬or ‫هـ ه‬
fakka (1st pers. perf. fakaktu) u (fakk, ‫فكاكز‬ s.o. of) IV = I; V to reflect, meditate,
fikāk, fakāk) to ransom, redeem, buy off, cogitate, ponder, muse, speculate (‫ في‬on),
liberate, emancipate, release, set free (‫ه‬ revolve in one’s mind, think, over,
s.o.); -- fakkka u (fakk, ‫ فكوك‬fukūk) to contemplate, consider (‫ في‬s.th.); to think (
redeem (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a pledge) II to ‫ في‬of) VIII = V; to remember, recall,
loosen, unfasten (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to take to recollect (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.)
pieces, take apart, disassemble, dismount (
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to disrupt, shatter, fragmentize (‫هـ‬ ‫ فكر‬fikr pl. ‫ افكار‬afkār thinking,
s.th.) V to be taken apart, be disassembled, cogitation, reflection, meditation,
speculation, contemplation, consideration; ‫ افكوهة‬ufkūha joking, jesting, fun-
thought, ideas, notion, concept; opinion, making; humor; pl. ‫ افاكيه‬afākīh2 jokes,
view │ ‫ شارد الفكر‬absent-minded, jests, pranks, antics
distracted; ‫ مَشوش الفكر‬mušawwaš al-f. ‫ تفكهة‬tafkiha amusement, exhilaration,
confused, bewildered, perplexed, delectation
dismayed, embarrassed
‫ مَفاكهة‬mufākaha bantering talk, joking,
‫ فكرة‬fikra pl. ‫ فكر‬fikar thought, idea, kidding
notion, concept; qualm, scruple, demur,
hesitation │ ‫( صاحب الفكرة‬father to the ‫ تفكه‬tafakkuh delight, enjoyment,
thought =) the originator, author; ‫على فكرة‬ amusement, diversion; humorous talk,
(eg.) incidentally …, by the way ..., joking, banter
speaking of ..., apropos (of) ... ‫ فاكه‬fākih gay, merry, gleeful, jolly,
‫ فكرى‬fikrī ideational, ideative, funny; humorous
speculative, mental; intellectual ‫ فاكه‬fākiha (coll.) pl. ‫ فواكه‬fawākih2
‫ فكير‬fakīr pensive, meditative, fruit(s)
cogitative, thoughtful ‫ فاكهاني‬fākihānī fruit seller, fruit dealer
‫ تفكير‬tafkīr thinking, cogitation, 2
‫ فل‬falla u (fall) to dent, notch, blunt (‫هـ‬
meditation, reflection; speculation, s.th., e.g., a sword); to break (‫ هـ‬s.th.); --
contemplation, consideration; thought 724 falla to flee, run away │ ‫فل غربه‬
‫ تفكر‬tafakkur thinking, cogitation, (garbahū), ‫( فل مَن حدته‬ḥiddatihī) and ‫فل‬
meditation, reflection; speculation, ‫ حديده‬to weaken s.o.; to dampen, subdue
contemplation, consideration s.o.; ‫( فل مَن شباه‬šabāhu) to weaken s.o. II to
dent, notch, blunt (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a sword)
‫ مَفكر‬mufakkir thinking, reflecting,
meditating, pondering, musing; pensive, ‫ فل‬fall pl. ‫ فلول‬fulūl dent, notch, jag; --
meditative, cogitative; thinker fall (for sg. and pl.) pl. ‫ فلول‬fulūl, ‫ افلال‬aflāl,
‫ فلال‬fullāl defeated, vanquished; scattered
‫ مَفكرة‬mufakkira notebook │ ‫مَفكرة يومَية‬ remnants of an army
(yaumīya) diary, journal
‫ مَفلول‬maflūl dented, jagged, notched,
‫ مَفكرات‬mufakarāt thoughts, blunt
considerations
2
‫ فل‬fill, full (eg.) Arabian jasmine (Jasminum
‫ فكش‬fakaša u to sprain VII to be sambac L.; bot.)
sprained
3
‫ فل‬fall, fill cork
‫ فكه‬fakiha a (fakah, ‫ فكاهة‬fakāha) to be
4
or become gay, merry, cheerful, sportive, ‫ فلة‬villa pl. -āt villa, country house
jocular, humorous II to amuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) with ‫ فلامَنكى‬see ‫فلمنكي‬
jokes III to joke, jest, make fun (‫ ه‬with),
banter (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to amuse o.s., have fun (‫ب‬ ‫ فلت‬falata i (falt) to escape (‫ مَن‬s.o., s.th.;
with), be amused (‫ ب‬by); to joke, make from), slip away, get away (‫ مَن‬from s.o.,
fun from s.th.); to he freed, he set free, be
released, be liberated, he set at liberty; to
‫ فكه‬fakih gay, merry, gleeful, jolly, let (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) escape or slip away or
cheerful, sportive, fun-loving, jocular, get away, let loose, free, release, liberate,
humorous; amusing (thing) set free, set at liberty (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) IV =
‫ فكاهة‬fukāha joking, jesting, fun- I; V to escape (‫ مَن‬s.o., s.th.; from), slip
making; humor away, get away (‫ مَن‬from s.o., from s.th.);
to free o.s., extricate o.s. (‫ مَن‬from); to be
‫ فكاهي‬fukāhī humorous, humoristic; freed, be set free, be released, be liberated,
humorist be set at liberty VII to escape (‫ مَن‬s.o.,
s.th.; from), slip away, get away (‫ مَن‬from
s.o., from s.th.); to free o.s., extricate o.s. (
‫ مَن‬from); to he finished (‫ مَن‬with); to be ‫ فلاحي‬fallāḥī peasant’s, farmer’s,
freed, he set free, he released, he liberated, farming, country, rural, rustic, agricultural
he set at liberty ‫ فالح‬fāliḥ lucky, fortunate, successful
‫ فلت‬falat escape ‫ مَفلح‬mufliḥ lucky, fortunate, successful;
‫ فلتة‬falta pl. falatāt unexpected event, one who prospers, one who is well off
unexpected, turn; extravagance; slip, 1
‫ فلذة‬filda pl. filadāt, ‫ فلذ‬filad, ‫ افلاذ‬aflād a piece
oversight, error. lapse; faltatan suddenly, (of meat) │ ‫ فلذة كبذه‬f. kabidihī his own
unexpectedly 725 blood, his own child; ‫ افلاذ الرض‬a. al-ard
‫ فلتي‬falātī pl. ‫ فلتية‬falātīya (eg.) the hidden treasures of the earth
licentious, wanton, dissolute, debauched; 2
‫ فولاذ‬and ‫ فولاذي‬look up alphabetically
debauchee, libertine, roué, rake; good-for-
nothing, ne’er-do-well ‫ فلور‬look up alphabetically
‫ افلت‬aflāt escape ‫ فلز‬filizz, filazz pl. -āt (nonprecious) metal
‫ انفلت‬infilāt escape ‫ فلس‬II to declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) bankrupt or insolvent
IV to be or become bankrupt or insolvent,
‫ فالت‬fālit escaped, free, at liberty, at to fail; to be ruined
large; escapee; (pl. ‫ فلتاء‬fu1atā’2)
licentious, wanton, dissolute, debauched; ‫ فلس‬fals (colloq. pronounced fils) pl. ‫فلو‬
debauchee, libertine, roué, rake; good-for- ‫ س‬fulūs fels, a small coin, in Iraq and
nothing, ne’er-do-well Jordan = 1/1000 of a dinar; pl. ‫( فلوس‬eg.)
1 money; scales (of a fish)
‫ فلج‬falaja u i (falj) to split, cleave (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
pass. fulija to be semiparalyzed II to split, ‫ تفليس‬taflīs (n. vic. ‫ )ة‬declaration of
cleave (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VII to be semiparalyzed bankruptcy; (pl. ‫ تفاليس‬tafālīs2) bankruptcy,
insolvency, failure │ ‫ مَأمَور التفليسة‬receiver
‫ فلج‬falj pl. ‫ فلوج‬fulūj crack, split, crevice, (in bankruptcy; Eg.)
fissure, cleft, rift
‫ افلاس‬iflās bankruptcy, insolvency,
‫ فالج‬fālij semiparalysis, hemiplegia failure
‫ مَفلوج‬maflūj semiparalyzed, hemiplegic ‫ مَفلس‬muflis pl. ‫ مَفاليس‬mafālīs2 bankrupt,
2
‫ فيلج‬pl. ‫ فيالج‬look up alphabetically insolvent
□ ‫ فلجان‬filjān = ‫ فنجان‬finjān ‫ فلسطين‬filāsṭīn2 Palestine
‫ فلح‬falaḥa a (falḥ) to split, cleave (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ فلسطيني‬filasṭīnī Palestinian; (pl. -ūn) a
plow, till, cultivate (‫ الرض‬al-arḍa the Palestinian
land) │ ‫( ان الحديد بالحديد يفلح‬yuflaḥu) lit.: ‫ فلسف‬falsafa to philosophize II tafalsafa do.; to
iron is cleft with iron, i.e., approx.: pretend to be a philosopher
rudeness must be met with rudeness IV
and X to thrive, prosper, become happy; to ‫ فلسف‬falsafa philosophy
have luck or success, be lucky, be ‫ فلسفي‬fallafī philosophic(al)
successful ‫ في‬in, with)
‫ فيلسوف‬failasūf pl. ‫ فلاسفة‬falāsifa
‫ فلاح‬falāḥ thriving, prosperity; philosopher
salvation; welfare; success
‫ مَفلسف‬mufalsif pl. -ūn philosopher
‫ فلاحة‬filāḥa cultivation, tillage;
agriculture, farming, husbandry ‫ مَتفلسف‬mutafalsif philosophaster,
philosophist 726
‫ فلاح‬fallāḥ pl. -ūn, ‫ فلاحة‬fallāḥa tiller of
the soil, husbandman; peasant, farmer, ‫ ﭬلط‬volṭ pl. ‫ اﭬلاط‬avlāṭ volt (el.)
fellah ‫ فلطح‬falṭaḥa to make broad, broaden, flatten(‫هـ‬
‫ فلاحة‬fallāḥa pl. -āt peasant woman; s.th.)
peasant girl ‫ فلطاح‬filtāḥ broad, flattened, flat
‫ مَفلطح‬mufalṭiḥ broad, flattened, flat ‫ مَفلوك‬maflūk ill-starred, unlucky,
unfortunate
‫ فلع‬fala‘a a (fal‘) to split, cleave, rend, tear
asunder (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II do. ‫ مَفلك‬mufallik girl with round breasts
2
‫ فلع‬fal‘, fil‘ pl. ‫ فلوع‬fulū‘ crack, split, ‫ فلوكة‬falūka pl. ‫ فلائك‬falā’ik2 sloop, felucca;
crevice, fissure, cleft, rift boat
‫ فلفل‬falfala to pepper (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ فلائكي‬falā’ikī (‫ )فلايكي‬boatman
‫ فلفل‬fulful, filfil (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pepper; ‫ فلكن‬falkana to vulcanize (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
n. un. ‫ فلفلة‬peppercorn │ ‫( فلفل احضر‬ahḍar) ‫ فلم‬film pl. ‫ افلام‬aflām film; motion picture │ ‫فلم‬
green peppers; ‫ دارفلفل‬dārafilfil (eg.) a ‫( مَجسم‬mujassam) 3 D film; ‫فلم مَلون‬
variety of pepper (Piper Chaba Hout.; (mulawwan) color film; ‫ فلم ناطق‬sound film
bot.)
‫ فلمندي‬falamandī Flemish; Fleming
‫ فلفلي‬fulfulī, filfilī pepperlike, peppery,
pepperish ‫ فلمنكي‬falamankī Dutch, Hollandish,
Netherlander
‫ مَفلفل‬mufalfal peppered
1
‫ فلان‬fulān, f. ‫ فلانة‬fulāna2 (substituting for an
‫ فلق‬falaqa i (falq) to split, cleave, rive, sunder, unnamed or unspecified person or thing)
tear asunder (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cause (‫ هـ‬dawn) so-and-so
to break, dispel the shadows of night (of
God) II to split, cleave, rive, sunder, tear ‫ فلاني‬fulānī adjective of the above │ ‫في‬
asunder (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be split, be cleft, be ‫ الساعة الفلانية‬at such and such an hour
torn apart; to split, cleave, crack, fissure, 2
‫ فلين‬look up alphabetically
be or become cracked, be full of cracks or
fissures VII = V; to burst; to break (dawn); ‫ فلندرة‬falandra Flanders
(eg.) infaliq go hang yourself! go to hell! ‫ فلنكة‬falanka pl. -āt (railroad) tie, sleeper (eg.)
‫ فلق‬falq pl. ‫ فلوق‬faq crack, split, crevice, ‫ فلو‬filw pl. ‫ افلاء‬aflā’; ‫ فلو‬faluw, fuluw pl. ‫افلاء‬
fissure, cleft, rift aflā, ‫ فلاوى‬falāwā colt, foal 727
‫ فلق‬falaq daybreak, dawn ‫ فلا‬falan (coll.; n. un. ‫ فلاة‬falāh) pl. ‫فلوات‬
‫ فلقة‬filqa pl. ‫ فلق‬filaq one half (of a split falawāt, ‫ افلاء‬aflā’ waterless desert; open
thing) country; open space
‫ فلقة‬falaqa a device for holding the legs ‫ المفالي‬al-mafālī the pastures, the
of the delinquent during the bastinado grazing grounds
‫ فلاق‬fallāq pl. ‫ ة‬bandit, highwayman, ‫ فلور‬filūr fluorine (chem.)
highway robber O ‫ مَفلور‬mufalwir fluorescent
2
‫ فليق‬failaq pl. ‫ فيالق‬fayāliq a large 1
‫ فلى‬falā i (faly) to delouse, search for lice (‫هـ‬
military unit; army corps; corps s.th.); to examine, scrutinize, investigate (
1
‫ فلك‬II to have round breasts (girl); (syr.) to ‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to delouse, search for lice, rid of
predict the future, prophecy lice (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to louse o.s.
‫ فلك‬falak pl. ‫ افلاك‬aflāk celestial sphere; ‫ فالية‬fāliya spotted dung beetle;
celestial body, star; circuit, orbit (of touchhole (of old-time firearms)
celestial bodies) │ ‫‘ علم الفلك‬ilm al-f. 2
‫ فليا‬fulayyā = ‫( فلية‬see below)
astronomy; astrology
‫ الفليبين‬al-filībīn the Philippine Islands
‫ فلك‬fulk (m. and f.) ship, (also coll.)
ships; (Noah’s) Ark ‫ فلين‬fallīn and ‫ فلينة‬fallīna cork

‫ فلكي‬falakī astronomic(al); astrologic(al) ‫ فليه‬, ‫ فلية‬fulayya (eg.) pennyroyal (Mentha


(pl. -un, ‫ فلكية‬falakīya) astronomer, pulegium L.; bot.)
astrologer │ ‫ عالم الفلك‬do. ‫ فليون‬falyūn godchild (Chr.)
‫ فم‬fam (construct state also ‫ فو‬fū) pl. ‫ افواه‬afwāh; sidedness, versatility (‫ في‬in); varied
(eg.) fumm pl. ‫ افمام‬afmām mouth; muzzle; activity, activity in various fields; mastery
orifice, aperture, hole, vent; mouth, ‫ مَتفنن‬mutafannin many-sided, versatile
embouchure (of a river), head (of a canal,
etc.); mouthpiece (esp., of a cigarette, of a ‫ مَفتن‬muftann masterful, expert,
pipe, etc.); cigarette holder │ ‫ فم الحوت‬fam mastering one’s field
al-ḥūt star α in the constellation Piecis ‫ فنار‬fanār pl. -āt lighthouse
Australis, Fomalhaut; ‫ آلَت الفم‬wind
instruments ‫ فنجال‬finjāl pl. ‫ فناجيل‬fanājīl2 = ‫فنجان‬
‫ فن‬II to diversify, vary, variegate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), ‫ فنجان‬finjān and ‫ فنجانة‬finjāna pl. ‫فناجين‬
bring variety or diversity (‫ هـ‬into s.th.); to fanājīn2 cup; coffee cup │ ‫جعل زوبعة في‬
mix, mingle, jumble (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be or 728 ‫( فنجان‬zauba‘alan) to cause a tempest
become manifold, multifarious, varied, in a teapot
variegated, diverse, many-sided, versatile; ‫ فنجر‬fanjara: ‫‘( فنجر عينيه‬ainaihi) to stare, glare
to use different kinds; to be a specialist, an (‫ في‬at s.o., at s.th.)
expert, a master (‫ في‬in a field), master (‫في‬
s.th.) VIII = V ‫ فنخ‬fanaka a to squeeze (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to invalidate,
nullify, void (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to break (‫ هـ‬a
‫ فن‬fann pl. ‫ فنون‬funūn, ‫ افنان‬afnān, ‫افانين‬ contract, an agreement)
afānīn2 kind, specimen, variety; pl. ‫افانين‬
Various sides (of s.th.), diversity │ ‫افانين مَن‬ ‫ فند‬II to call (‫ ه‬s.o.) a liar, prove (‫ ه‬s.o.) wrong,
all kinds of, sundry, various; ‫الجنون فنون‬ disprove, confute, refute, rebut (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
(junūn) insanity has many varieties, s.th.); to classify, specify (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., the
manifests itself in many ways; -- (pl. ‫فنون‬ items of an invoice); to detail,
funūn) scientific discipline, field of work, particularize, itemize (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to prove
special field, specialty; art │ ‫الفن الحربي‬ (‫ ه‬s.o.) wrong; to disprove, confute, refute,
(ḥarbī) art of war, strategy; ‫ الفنون الجميلة‬or rebut (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ الفنون الرفيعة‬or O ‫الفنون المستظرفة‬ ‫ فندق‬funduq pl. ‫ فنادق‬fanādiq2 hotel, inn
(mustaẓrafa) the fine arts; ‫ فن المكتبات‬f. al-
‫ فنار‬pl. -āt look up alphabetically
maktabāt library science; ‫الفن الصحفي‬
(ṣuḥfī) science of journalism; journalism ‫ فانوس‬pl. ‫ فوانيس‬look up alphabetically
‫ فني‬fannī specialist(ic); expert, ‫ فنط‬II to detail, particularize, itemize, enumrate
professional; technical; artistic(al); item by item (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
tactical, strategic(al); technician; artist ‫ فنطاس‬finṭās pl. ‫ فناطيس‬fanāṭīs2 water tank,
‫ فنية‬fannīya artistry reservoir, cistern; large container
‫ فنن‬fanan pl. ‫ افنان‬afnān branch, twig (of ‫ فنطيس‬finṭīs pl. ‫ فناطيس‬fanāṭīs2 broad-
a tree), of a shrub) nosed
‫ فنان‬fannān pl. -ūn artist │ O ‫عامَل فنان‬ ‫ فنطيسة‬finṭīsa pl. ‫ فناطيس‬fanāṭīs2 snout
pl. ‫‘( عمال فنانون‬umm`al) artistic (of swine)
handicraftsman, commercial artist ‫ فنغراف‬funugrāf pl. –āt phonograph
‫ فنانة‬fannāna woman artist ‫ فنق‬V to live in ease and affluence
‫ افنون‬ufnūn pl. ‫ افانين‬afānīn2 branch, twig 1
‫ فنك‬fanak fennec (zool.)
(of a tree)
2
‫ فنيك‬look up alphabetically
‫ تفنن‬tafannun diversity, variety,
multiplicity, multifariousness; many- ‫ فنلندا‬finlandā Finland
sidedness, versatility (‫ في‬in); varied ‫ فنلندي‬finlandī Finnish; Finn
activity, activity in various fields; mastery;
skillful, workmanlike or chic manner ‫ فني‬faniya a (‫ فناء‬fanā’) to pass away, perish,
cease to exist, come to nought; to come to
‫ افتنان‬iftinān diversity, variety, an end, cease, wane, dwindle, evanesce,
multiplicity, multifariousness; many- vanish; to be extinguished, become
extinct; to be exhausted, be consumed, be ‫ فهم‬fahima a (fahm, faham) to understand,
spent; to undergo obliteration of the self; comprehend, realize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to note (‫هـ‬
to become totally absorbed (‫ في‬by) │ َ‫ل‬ s.th.), take note, take cognizance (‫ هـ‬of
‫ يفنى‬imperishable, inexhaustible IV to s.th.); to hear, learn (‫ هـ مَن‬of s.th. from), be
annihilate, bring to nought, ruin, destroy ( informed (‫ هـ مَن‬of s.th. by); ‫ فهم عنه‬to
‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to exhaust, consume, wear understand s.o., understand what s.o. says
out, spend (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to cause (‫هـ‬ or means │ ‫( يفهم ان‬yufhamu) it is reported,
s.th.) to become absorbed or consumed (‫هـ‬ it is said that …, we understand that ... II
by) VI to annihilate each other; to be to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) understand or see (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
consumed (‫ في‬by), lose o.s. (‫ في‬in), instruct (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. in s.th.), give (‫ هـ ه‬s.o.
identify o.s. completely (‫ في‬with); to s.th.) to understand IV = II; V to try to
dedicate o.s. with heart and soul, give o.s. understand or comprehend (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
over wholeheartedly (‫ في‬to some activity) understand gradually, come to understand
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to penetrate, fathom (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ فناء‬fanā’ passing away, cessation of
understand, comprehend (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to
being; perdition, ruin, destruction,
understand one another; to communicate
annihilation; evanescence, vanishing,
with each other; to reach an
termination, extinction; exhaustion;
understanding, come to an agreement,
nonbeing, nonexistence, nonentity;
come to terms (‫ مَع‬with, ‫ على‬in, about); to
extinction of individual consciousness,
be comprehended, be understood VIII to
recedence of the ego, obliteration of the
understand, comprehend (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to
self (myst.)
inquire (‫ عن‬or s. of s.o. about s.th.), ask (
‫ فناء‬finā’ pl. ‫ افنية‬afniya courtyard; open ‫ عن‬or ‫ هـ‬s.o. s.th. or about s.th.)
space in front or at either side of a house;
‫ فهم‬fahm pl. ‫ افهام‬afhām understanding;
open hall │ ‫ رحابة فناء‬raḥābat al-f.
comprehension. grasp; perceptive faculty,
hospitable reception, generous
perceptivity; brains, intellect;
entertainment; ‫( سار يخطو في فناء الغرفة‬yakṭū,
discernment, acumen, penetration, insight,
f. il-gurfa) he walked about the room
intelligence │ ‫ سوء الفهم‬sū’ al-f.
‫ افناء‬ifnā’ annihilation, ruination, ruin, misapprehension, misunderstanding
destruction
‫ فهم‬fahim quick-witted, of acute
‫ تفان‬tafānin mutual annihilation; self- discernment
denial, self-sacrifice (in an activity)
‫ فهيم‬fahīm pl. ‫ فهماء‬fuhamā’2 discerning,
‫ فان‬fānin evanescent, transitory, judicious, sensible, intelligent
transient, ephemeral, vain; exhausted; far
‫ فهامَة‬fahāma very understanding,
advanced in years, very old
extremely sympathetic
‫ فنيقي‬finīqī Phoenician
‫ تفهيم‬tafhīm instruction, orientation
‫ فنيقية‬finīqīya2 and ‫ فنيقيا‬finīqiyā
‫ تفهم‬tafahhum gradual understanding;
Phoenicia
understanding, comprehension, grasping,
‫( فنيك‬Fr. phénique) finīk phenol, carbolic acid, grasp
also ‫حامَض الفنيك‬
‫ تفاهم‬tafāhum mutual understanding,
‫ فهاهة‬fahāha weakness, impotence mutual agreement, concurrence, accord;
‫ فهد‬fahd pl. ‫ فهود‬fuhūd, ‫ افهد‬afhud lynx (also the understanding (‫ مَع‬with, ‫ على‬on, about);
term for cheetah and panther) 729 agreement, arrangement (‫ مَع‬with) │
‫ فهرس‬fahrasa (‫ فهرسة‬fahrasa) to compile an ‫ سوء التفاهم‬sū’ at-t. (mutual)
index (‫ كتابا‬for a book), to index (‫ كتابا‬a misunderstanding, discord, disharmony,
dissension
book)
‫ استفهام‬istifhām inquiry (‫ عن‬about; also
‫ فهرس‬fihris and ‫ فهرست‬fihrist pl. ‫فهارس‬ ‫ ;)على‬question │ ‫‘ علامَة الَستفهام‬alāmat al-
fahāris2 table of contents, index; ist. question mark
catalogue; list
‫ استفهامَي‬istifhāmī interrogative (gram.) ‫ تفاوت‬tafāwut difference, dissimilarity,
disparity, contract; disharmony
‫ مَفهوم‬mafhūm understood;
comprehensible, intelligible, ‫ افتيات‬iftiyāt treason (‫ على‬to), betrayal (
understandable; known; sense, meaning, ‫ على‬of), offense (‫ على‬against)
signification; (pl. ‫ مَفاهيم‬mafāhīm2) notion, ‫ فائت‬fā’it past, elapsed (time); passing;
concept │ ‫ بالمفهوم‬in the literal sense, transitory, transient; passerby
literally; unequivocally, unambiguously,
clearly; ‫ المفهوم ان‬it is said, it is reported ‫ مَتفاوت‬mutafāwit different
that … ‫( فوتوغرافيا‬It. fotografia) fotūgrāJfiyā
‫ فو‬fū see ‫ فم‬fam photography
‫( فوال‬Fr.) fuwāl voile (dress material) ‫ فوتوغرافي‬fotūgrāfiya photographic;
photographer
‫ فوة‬fuwa (eg.) madder (Rubia tinctorum L.;
bot.) ‫( فوتيه‬Fr. fauteuil) fūtēh pl. -āt armchair,
fauteuil
(‫ فات )فوت‬fāta u (faut, ‫ فوات‬fawāt) to pass away,
vanish; to be over, be past; to go by s.o. ( ‫ فوج‬fauj pl. ‫ افواج‬afwāj group, crowd, troop,
‫)ه‬, pass s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to escape, elude (‫ ه‬s.o.), band; detachment; party; shift (in a mine);
slip away; to abandon, give up, leave battalion (Ir. till 1922; Syr., Leb.);
behind, relinquish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to anticipate, regiment (Ir. since 1922); ‫ افواجا‬afwājan in
forestall (‫ ه‬s.o.); to exceed, surpass (‫ب ه‬ droves, in crowds │ ‫ تبدل الفوج‬tabaddul al-
s.o. by) │ ‫( فات الوقت‬waqt) it is (too) late; f. change of shift
‫ فاته ان‬it escaped him that ...; he omitted, (‫ فاح )فوح‬fāḥa u (fauḥ, ‫ فوحان‬fawaḥān) to
neglected, failed, or forgot to ...; he failed diffuse an aroma, exhale a pleasant odor,
to see that ..., he overlooked the fact that be fragrant; to spread, diffuse, emanate
…; ‫( لم يفته ان‬yafuthu) he did not fail to ..., (fragrance) │ ‫( فاح مَنه شذا القداسة‬šāda l-
he did not neglect to ...; ‫ فاتته الفرصة‬fātatu qadāja) he was reputed to be a holy man
l-furṣatu he missed the opportunity; ‫فاته‬
‫ القطار‬he missed the train II to make (‫هـ‬ ‫ فوحة‬fauḥa fragrant emanation, breath
s.th.) escape (‫ على‬s.o.); to cause (‫ على‬s.o.) of fragrance
to miss (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) pass; to ‫ فواح‬fawwāḥ exhaling, diffusing
alienate, sell (‫ هـ‬s.th., tun.) IV to make 730 (fragrance)
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) escape (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
miss (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to differ, be different, be ‫ فود‬faud pl. ‫ افوهد‬afwād temple; hair around the
dissimilar VIII to offend against s.th. ( temples
‫)على‬, act contrary to (‫)على‬, belie, betray ( 1
(‫ فار )فور‬fāra u (faur, ‫ فور‬fawarān) to boil,
‫ على‬s.th.) simmer, bubble; to boil over (also fig.); to
‫ فوت‬faut escape; -- (pl. ‫ افوات‬afwāt) effervesce, fizz; to flare up, burst into
distance, interval; difference passion; to gush forth, well forth, gush up,
shoot up (water from the ground) II to
‫ فوات‬fawāt passing, lapse │ ‫ فوات الجل‬f. make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) boil (also fig., e.g., the
al-ajal the passing of the appointed time, blood); to excite, stir up (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to
expiration of the deadline; ‫( الفوات بالمدة‬bi- make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) boil
l-mudda) superannuation; ‫بعد فوات الوقت‬
(‫( )الوان‬f. il-waqt, il-awān) too late; ‫قبل‬ ‫ فور‬faur boiling, simmering, bubbling,
(‫ فوات الوقت )الوان‬before it is too late ebullition, etc. (see I); ‫ فورا‬fauran at once,
right away, instantly, forthwith, on the
‫ فويت‬fuwait (m. and f.) one following spot, without delay, promptly,
his, or her, own opinion only, acting in his, immediately, directly; ‫ فور‬faura (prep.)
or her, way only immediately after │ ‫ مَن الفور‬or ‫مَن ( مَن فوره‬
‫ تفويت‬tafwīt pl. -āt alienation, transfer, ‫ فورها‬etc.) or ‫ على الفور‬at once, right away,
sale (tun.) instantly, forthwith, on the spot, without
delay, promptly, immediately, directly
‫ فورى‬faurī prompt, instantaneous, another, confer (‫ في‬on, about); to negotiate
instant, immediate, direct (‫ في‬s.th.), treat, parley, confer (‫ في‬on,
about; ‫ مَع‬with)
‫ فورة‬faura flare-up, outburst, tantrum
‫ فوضى‬fauḍā disorder, disarray,
‫ فوار‬fawwār boiling up, ebullient;
confusion, tohubohu, chaos; anarchy
effervescent, fizzing; bubbling (spring,
etc.); foaming, frothy; hot-headed, ‫ فوضوي‬fauḍawī anarchic; chaotic
irascible ‫ فوضوية‬fauḍawīya anarchism
‫ فوارة‬fawwāra spring, fountain, jet ‫ تفويض‬tafwīḍ entrustment, commitment,
d’eau consignment, commission(ing), charging;
‫ فوران‬fawarān boiling, simmering, authorization, empowerment, delegation
bubbling, ebullition; flare· up, outburst of authority; authority, warrant,
authorization, mandate, mandatory power,
‫ فائرة‬fā’ira uproar, riot; commotion,
procuration, proxy, power of attorney │ ‫تف‬
agitation, excitement 731
(‫( ويض مَطلق )تام‬muṭlaq, tāmm) general
2
‫ فار‬pl. ‫ فيران‬and ‫ فارة‬look up alphabetically power of attorney, unlimited authority;
‫ فورشة = فورشة‬furša ‫ وثيقة التفويض‬warrant of attorney

‫( فورشينة‬It. forcina) furšīna hairpin ‫ مَفاوضة‬mufāwaḍa pl. -āt negotiation,


parley, talk, conference; partnership (Isl.
‫ فوريقة = فاوريقة‬look up alphabetically Law) │ ‫ فتح باب المفاوضات‬to open
(‫ فاز )فوز‬fāza u (fauz) to be successful, negotiations
be victorious, triumph; to attain, achieve, ‫ مَفوض‬mufawwaḍ authorized agent,
accomplish, obtain, gain, win (‫ ب‬s.th.); to deputy, proxy, mandatory; commissioner
defeat, beat (‫ على‬an opponent, ‫ ب‬with; │ ‫ وزير مَفوض‬minister plenipotentiary
sports, etc.); to escape (‫ مَن‬s.th.) │ ‫مَا فاز‬ (dipl.); ‫( المفوض السامَي‬sāmī) the High
‫( بطائل‬bi-ṭā’ilin) to fail, be unsuccessful, Commissioner (formerly in Syr.)
accomplish nothing II to cross the desert,
travel through or in the desert ‫ مَفوضية‬mufawwaḍīya pl. -āt legation
(dipl.); commissariat │ ‫المفوضية العليا‬
‫ فوز‬success, triumph, victory; (‘ulyā) the High Commissariat (formerly
obtainment, attainment, achievement, in Syr.); ‫ مَستشار المفوضية‬mustašār al-m.
accomplishment; escape counselor of legation (dipl.)
‫ مَفازة‬mafāza pl. -āt, ‫ مَفاوز‬mafāwiz2 ‫ فوطة‬fūṭa pl. ‫ فوط‬fuwaṯ apron. pinafore; napkin,
desert serviette; towel
‫ فائز‬fā’iz successful, victorious, ‫ فوعة‬fau‘a: ‫ فوعة الشباب‬fau‘at aš-šbāb prime of
triumphant; victor, winner youth
‫ فائزة‬fā’iza victress, winner ‫ فوف‬fūf pellicle, membrane
‫ فاس‬fās = ‫ فأس‬fa’s ‫ فوفة‬fūfa pellicle, membrane
‫ فوسفات‬fusfāt phosphate ‫ مَفوف‬mufawwaf: ‫( ثوب مَفوف‬taub) white-
‫ فاشي‬and ‫ فاشية‬look up alphabetically striped garment
‫ فوصفور‬fuṣfūr phosphorus (‫ فاق )فوق‬fāqa u (fauq, ‫ فواق‬fawāq) to surpass,
excel, overtop (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), tower ( ,‫هـ‬
‫ فوض‬II to entrust, consign, commit (‫ هـ ل‬or ‫الى‬ ‫ه‬above); to be superior (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
to s.o. s.th.); to entrust, charge (‫ هـ ل‬or ‫الى‬ outweigh, outbalance; to transcend,
s.o. with), commission s.o. (‫ ل‬or ‫ )الى‬to do exceed (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- to remember (‫ على‬s.th.)
s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to authorize, empower, delegate ( │ ‫ فووق( فاق بنفسه‬fuwūq, ‫ فواق‬fuwāq) to give
‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.o.), give full power (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to up the ghost, expire, die II to direct, level (
s.o.) ill to negotiate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), treat, parley, ‫ الى ه‬a weapon at), aim (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. at); 732
confer (‫ في‬on, about, ‫ مَع‬,‫ ه‬with) VI to to (a)waken, wake up, revive, restore to
negotiate or treat or parley with one consciousness (‫ ه‬s.o.); to clear, sober (‫هـ‬
the head); to remind (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to recover, performance, talent │ ‫تشجيع التفوق‬
recuperate, convalesce (‫ مَن‬from), regain promotion of young talent
health; to wake up, awake; to get up ( ‫مَن‬ ‫ فائق‬fā’iq superior; surpassing,
‫ النوم‬min an-naum from sleep); to be excellent, exquisite, first-rate; outstanding,
awake; to come to, regain consciousness ( remarkable, striking; pre-eminent;
‫ مَن‬after, e.g., after a swoon, after a state of exceeding, extraordinary; going far
intoxication); to awaken, arouse, stir up ( beyond (a restriction, etc.); awake,
‫ مَن ه‬s.o. from) V to be superior (‫ على‬to), waking, wakeful
surpass, excel, overtop (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.).
tower (‫ على‬above); to do excellent work, ‫ مَفيق‬mafīq awake, waking, wakeful
show outstanding skill (‫ ب‬in, with); to ‫ مَتفوق‬mutafawwiq superior; surpassing,
pass an examination with distinction (‫ ل‬in excellent, exquisite, first-rate, outstanding,
a course) X to recover, recuperate, remarkable, striking; pre-eminent; victor
convalesce (‫ مَن‬from), regain health; to
wake up, awaken; to get up (‫ مَن النوم‬min ‫ مَستفيق‬mustafīq awake, waking, wakeful
an-naum from sleep); to be awake; to ‫ فول‬fūl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt bean(s); broad
come to, regain consciousness (‫ مَن‬after, bean(s), horse bean(s) │ ‫( فول مَدمَس‬eg.,
e.g., after a swoon, after a state of mədammis) cooked broad beans with oil
intoxication) (national dish in Egypt); ‫فول سوداني‬
‫ فوق‬fauqu (adv.) up, upstairs, on top, (sūdānī) peanut(s)
above; fauqa (prep.) above, over; on, on ‫ فوال‬fawwāl seller of beans
top of; beyond, more than │ ‫ فوق الحد‬f. al-
ḥadd boundless, unlimited, infinite, ‫ فولاذ‬fūlād steel
excessive, exaggerated; ‫ فوق ذلك‬moreover, ‫ فولَذي‬fūlādī and ‫ فلذي‬fulādī steel (adj.),
besides, furthermore, in addition to that, of steel, made of steel; steely, steel-like,
beyond that; ‫( فوق البنفسجي‬banafsajī) steel-hard
ultraviolet; ‫ فوق الطبيعة‬supernatural; ‫فوق‬
‫ فولت‬volt volt (el.)
‫ العادة‬extraordinary, unusual, exceptional;
special, emergency (e.g., meeting); ‫فوق انه‬ ‫ فوم‬fūm = ‫ ثوم‬tūm
in addition to the fact that it ..., beyond its ‫ فونوغراف‬funūgrāf pl. -āt phonograph
being ...; ‫ فما فوقه‬and upward, and more
(than that); ‫ مَن فوقه‬min fauqihī above it; (‫ فاه )فوه‬fāha u (fauh) to pronounce, utter,
from above it, from atop it voice, say (‫ ب‬s.th.) V = I
‫ فوقاني‬fauqānī located higher or above, ‫ افواه‬afwāh pl. of ‫ فم‬fam; -- ‫ افواه‬afwāh,
higher, upper ‫ افاويه‬afāwīh aromatic, spices 733
‫ فاقة‬fāqa poverty, want, neediness, ‫ فوة‬fuwa (eg.) madder (Rubia tinctorum
indigence L.; bot.)
‫ فواق‬fuwāq hiccup(s); gasping of a ‫ فوهة‬fūha pl. -āt, ‫ افواه‬afwāh, ‫فوائه‬
dying person, death rattle fawā’ih2 mouth; opening, aperture, orifice,
hole, vent; muzzle; crater; abyss, gulf,
‫ افاويق‬afāwīq2 (pl. of ‫ فيقة‬fīqa) milk chasm; hydrant (syr.)
(gathering in the udder between two
milkings); (fig.) boons, kindness, ‫ افوه‬afwah2 broad-mouthed
benefactions │ ‫ ارضعني افاويق بره‬arḍa‘anī ‫ مَفوه‬mufawwah eloquent
a. birrihī he showered me with kindnesses
‫ في‬fī (prep.) in; at; on; near, by; within, during;
‫ افاقة‬ifāqa recovery, recuperation, among, in the company of, with; about,
convalescence; awakening; revival, on; concerning, regarding, with reference
restoration to consciousness to, with regard or respect to, as to j
‫ تفوق‬tafawwuq superiority; dealing with, treating of, consisting in (in
preponderance, predominance, book titles); for the sake of, on behalf of,
ascendancy, supremacy; above-average because of, for; according to; in
proportion to; (as to syntactical regimen benefit, profit, or advantage (‫ مَن‬from),
see under the respective verb) │ ‫هل لك في‬ profit, benefit (‫ مَن‬by), turn (‫ مَن‬s.th.) to
... do you feel like ...? would you like account or advantage; (gram.) to convey a
to ...? do you want to ...? ‫ خمسة في ثلثة‬five complete, self-contained meaning X to
times three; ‫ خمسة امَتار في عشرة‬five meters acquire, gain, win (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to learn, be
by ten (width and length); ‫كذب في كذب‬ told, be informed (‫ هـ‬about); to derive
(kidb) lie after lie; ‫( كلم في كلم‬kalām) just benefit profit, or advantage (‫ ب‬or ‫مَن‬
so many words, idle talk; ‫نحن اقارب في اقارب‬ from), profit, benefit (‫ ب‬or ‫ مَن‬by), turn (‫ب‬
our social relations are those of kinsfolk; ‫في‬ or ‫ مَن‬s.th.) to account or advantage; to
‫ ما مَضى‬fīmā maḍā or ‫فيما مَضى مَن الزمَان‬ utilize, turn to profitable use, use (‫ ب‬or ‫مَن‬
(zamān) in the past; formerly, before; ‫فيما‬ s.th.), make use (‫ ب‬or ‫ مَن‬of s.th.); to
‫( يلي‬yalī) and ‫( فيما بعد‬ba‘du) in the gather, conclude, deduce, infer (‫ مَن‬from)
following, in what follows, below; ‫فيما اعتقد‬ ‫ افيد‬afyad2 more useful; more profitable
(a‘taqidu) as I believe; ‫ فيما بينهم‬among
themselves, among them; ‫تبسم في خبث‬ ‫ افادة‬ifāda utility, usefulness, benefit,
tabassama fī kubt he smiled maliciously advantage; (pl. -āt) notice, notification,
communication, information, message;
‫ فيما‬fīmā (conj.) while; in that, as │ ‫فيما‬ 734 testimony, deposition (in court) │ ‫افادة‬
‫ اذا‬in case that …, if ‫ الَستلم‬acknowledgment of receipt
1
(‫ فاء )فيأ‬fā’a i (‫ فيء‬fai’) to return; to shift from
‫ استفادة‬istifāda utilization, use
west to east (shadow) II to afford shadow,
be shady (tree) IV to give as booty (‫هـ على‬ ‫ فائدة‬fā’ida pl. ‫ فوائد‬fawā’id2 utility, avail,
to s.o. s.th.); to give, afford, grant, award ( benefit, advantage; gain, profit; interest
‫ هـ على‬to s.o. s.th.), bestow (‫ هـ على‬upon (on money); useful lesson, moral; use
s.o. s.th.) V to shade o.s. (‫ في‬or ‫ هـ‬with (e.g., of a medicine)
s.th.), seek shade (‫ في‬or ‫ هـ‬under s.th.) ‫ مَفيد‬mufīd useful, beneficial,
‫ فيء‬fai’ pl. ‫ افياء‬afyā’, ‫ فيوء‬fuyū’ advantageous; favorable, profitable;
(afternoon) shadow instructive
2
‫ فئة‬see ‫فئ‬ ‫ مَفاد‬mufād contents, substance, purport,
meaning (e.g., of an article) │ ‫اشاعة مَفادها‬
‫ فيتامَين‬fītāmīn pl. -āt vitamin ‫ ان‬išā‘atun mufāduhā an a rumor to the
‫ فيتنام‬viyetnām Vietnam effect that ...
‫ فيتو‬vītō, vētō veto (pol.) │ ‫ حق الفيتو‬ḥaqq al-v. ‫ فيدرالي‬fīdirālī federalistic │ ‫( دولة فيدرالية‬daula)
veto power (pol.) federal state
‫ فيتون‬faitūn phaeton (light four-wheeled ‫ فيروز‬fairūz and ‫ فيروزج‬fairūzaj turquoise
carriage) ‫ فيروز‬vairus pl. -āt virus
‫ افيح‬afyaḥ2, f. ‫ فيحاء‬faiḥā’2 fragrant, redolent, ‫ ﭬيزا‬, ‫( فيزا‬Engl.) vīzā visa
aromatic, sweet-smelling; wide, vast,
extensive; ‫ الفيحاء‬epithet of Damascus ‫ فيزياء‬fīziyā’ physics
‫ فياح‬fayyāḥ heavy-scented, strong- ‫ فيزيائي‬fīziyā’ī physical
smelling ‫ فيسيولوجيا‬fīsiyōlōjiyā physiology
(‫ )فيد‬IV to benefit, help, avail (‫ ه‬s.o.), be of use, 1
‫(فيش‬Fr. fiche) fīš pl. -āt (electric) plug (syr.)
of help, bring advantages (‫ ه‬to s.o.), be 2
useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, ‫ فياش‬fayyāš braggart, show-off, self-inflated
advantageous (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to teach (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. person
s.th.); to notify, advise (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ ه‬s.o. of), ‫ فيصل‬faiṣal see ‫فصل‬
acquaint (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ ه‬s.o. with s.th.), inform (
‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ ه‬s.o. of, about), let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ب‬ (‫ فاض )فيض‬fāḍa i (faiḍ, ‫ فيضان‬fayaḍān) to
or ‫ هـ‬about); to report (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th., also, overflow, flow over, run over; to inundate,
e.g., to the police; ‫ بان‬or ‫ ان‬that); to flood, deluge (‫ على‬s.th.); to flow, stream,
acquire, gain, win (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to derive pour forth, issue, emanate; to abound,
super abound, be abundant, plentiful, ‫( فيكونت‬Fr. vicomte) vikōnt and (Engl.)
superabundant; -- (faiḍ) to spread (of vaikaunt viscount 735
news); -- (faiḍ, ‫ فيوض‬fuyūḍ): ‫ فاضت روحه‬or 1
(‫ فال )فيل‬fāla i (‫ فيولة‬fuyūla, ‫ فيلولة‬failūla) to be
‫( نفسه‬rūḥuhū, nafsuhū) to give up the ghost erroneous (view)
IV to pour forth; to fill (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to
2
overflowing; to pour, pour out, pour forth ‫ فيل‬fīl pl. ‫ فيلة‬fiyala, ‫ فيول‬fuyūl, ‫ افيال‬afyāl
(‫ على هـ‬s.th. over), shed (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. elephant; bishop (chess) │ ‫ سن الفيل‬sinn al-
tears); to be prolix, long-winded, verbose ( f. ivory
‫ في‬in one’s speech); to abandon o.s. ‫ فيل‬villā pl. ‫ فيلت‬villa, country house
without restraint (‫ في‬to s.th.); to speak or
report extensively, in detail, at great length ‫ ديدان الفيلريا‬dīdān al-fīlāriyā filaria (zool.)
(‫ ب‬about), dwell (‫ ب‬on), describe in detail ‫ الفيلبين‬al-fīlibīn the Philippines
(‫ ب على‬to s.o. s.th.); to pronounce
distinctly (‫ ب‬a word) X to pour forth. ‫ فيلج‬failaj, ‫ فيلجة‬failaja pl. ‫ فيالج‬fayālij2 cocoon
spread (‫ على‬over), flood (‫ على‬s.th.); to of the silkworm
spread (of news); to be superabundant, be ‫ فيلسوف‬failasūf pl. ‫ فلسفة‬falāsifa philosopher
too much; to be elaborate, complete in
‫ فيلق‬failaq pl. ‫ فيالق‬fayāliq2 large military unit;
detail, exhaustive, thorough
army corps; corps
‫ فيض‬faiḍ flood, inundation, deluge;
‫ فيلم = فلم‬film film
emanation; superabundance, plenty,
copiousness, abundance; (pl. ‫ فيوض‬fuyūḍ) ‫ فيلولوجيا‬fīlōlōjiyā philology
stream ‫ فيم‬fīma = ‫ فيما‬fī-mā why? wherefore?
‫ فياض‬fayyāḍ overflowing, effusive, ‫ فيما‬fīmā see ‫في‬
exuberant; elaborate, exhaustive (speech);
munificent, bountiful, liberal, generous │ ‫ فينة‬faina pl. -āt time, point of time, instant,
‫ فياض الخاطر‬brilliant, overflowing with moment │ ‫( الفينة بعد الفينة‬al-fainata), ‫الفينة‬
ideas ‫ بعد الخرى‬al-fainata ba‘da l-ukrā, ‫بين الفينة‬
‫ في الفينة بعد الفينة‬, ‫ والفينة‬from time to time,
‫ فيضان‬fayaḍān flood, inundation, deluge now and then, once in a while, at times,
│ ‫ فيضان النبل‬the annual inundation of the sometimes
Nile
‫ فينان‬fainān having beautiful, luxuriant
‫ مَفيض‬mafīḍ outlet, vent, drain; escape, hair; luxuriant, long, flowing (hair)
way out │ ‫ ليس لنا مَنه مَفيض‬we cannot help
doing it, we cannot but do it; ‫لَ يجد مَفيضا مَن‬ ‫ فيينا‬,‫( فينا‬It. Vienna) fiyennā, viyēnnā Vienna
(yajidu) he must by all means ...; ‫لَ يجد‬ ‫ فينوس‬fīnūs Venus
‫ مَفيضا الى الكلم‬he can’t find an opportunity
to speak freely ‫ فينيسيا‬fīnīsiyā Venice

‫ افاضة‬ifāḍa elaborateness, detailedness, ‫ فينيقي‬fīnīqī Phoenician; (pl. -ūn) a Phoenician


exhaustiveness ‫ فهيق‬II tafaihaqa to be prolix, long-
‫ استفاضة‬istifāḍa (super)abundance, winded, circumstantial
plenty; profusion ‫ فيهقة‬faihaqa prolixity, long-windedness
‫ فائض‬fā’iḍ abundant, copious, plentiful, ‫ الفيوم‬al-fayyūm El Faiyūm (town in N
profuse, superabundant; surplus; (pl. ‫فوائ‬ Egypt)
‫ ض‬fawā’iḍ2) interest (on money)
‫ مَستفيض‬mustafīḍ elaborate, detailed,
extensive, exhaustive, thorough
□ ‫ فائض <( فايظ‬see above) fāyiẓ usury (eg.)
‫ فايظجي‬fāyiẓgī usurer (eg.) ‫ق‬
‫ فيفاء‬faifā’2 pl. ‫ فياف‬fayāfin desert
‫ ق‬abbreviation of ‫ دقيقة‬daqīqa minute chemical formula; ‫( القانون المدني‬madanī)
civil law
‫ قادس‬qādis2 Cádiz (seaport in SW Spain)
‫ قانوني‬qanūnī canonical; legal, statutory;
‫ قادوس‬qādūs pl. ‫ قواديس‬qawādīs2 water-wheel
lawful, legitimate, licit, accordant with
bucket, scoop (used in irrigation; Eg.)
law or regulations, valid, regular; legist,
‫( قازوزة‬It. gasosa) gāzūza soda water (saud.- jurisprudent, jurist │ ‫( صيدلي قانوني‬ṣaidalī)
ar.) certified and licensed pharmacist; ‫غير‬
‫ قاشاني‬qāšānī faïence; porcelain, china ‫ قانوني‬gair q. illegal

‫ قاف‬qāf name of the letter ‫ ق │ جبل القاف‬jabal ‫ قانونية‬qānūnīya legality, lawfulness


al-q. in Islamic cosmology, name of the ‫ قاورمَة‬qāwirma (eg.) mutton or beef cut in
mountains surrounding the terrestrial small pieces and braised with squash
world (qar‘) or onions and tomatoes
1
‫ قاقلة‬qāqulla cardamom (bot.) ‫ قاوق‬qāwuq and ‫ قاووق‬qāwūq pl. ‫قواويق‬
2
‫ قاقلى‬qāqullā a variety of saltwort (Salsola qawāwīq2 a kind of high headgear made of
fruticos; bot.) felt

‫ قاقم‬qāqum ermine ‫ قاوون‬qāwūn melon

‫ قالب‬qālab, qālib pl. ‫ قوالب‬qawālib2 form; mold; ‫ قايش‬qāyiš pl. ‫ قوايش‬qawāyiš leather thong,
cake pan; model; matrix; last, boot tree, strap, belt, girth; strop
shoe tree │ ‫( قالب جبن‬jubn) a (chunk or loaf 1
‫ قب‬qabba u (qabb) to chopoff, cut off (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
of) cheese; ‫( قالب سكر‬sukkar) sugar loaf; e.g., the hand); to straighten up, draw o.s.
‫( قالب صابون‬ṣābūn) a cake or bar of soap; up, become erect; to rise, ascend; to stand
‫( قلبا وقالبا‬qalban) with heart and soul; on end, bristle (hair)
inwardly and outwardly
‫ قب‬qabb pl. ‫ اقب‬aqubb hub, nave (of a
‫( قالوش‬Fr. galoche) galōš pl. -āt galosh, wheel); lever, beam (of a balance)
overshoe
‫ قبة‬qubba pl. ‫ قباب‬qibāb, ‫ قبب‬qubab
‫ قامَوس‬qāmūs pl. ‫ قوامَيس‬qawāmīs2 ocean; cupola, dome; cupolaed structure, dome-
dictionary, lexicon shaped edifice; domed shrine, memorial
‫ احمر قان‬aḥmar2 qān(in) blood-red, deep-red shrine, kubba (esp., of a saint) │ ‫قبة الجرس‬
q. al-jaras belfry, bell tower; ‫ قبة السلم‬q.
‫ قانئ‬qāni‘ blood-red, deep-red (=‫ قان‬qānin) al-islām epithet of the city of Basra
‫ قانون‬qānūn pl. ‫ قوانين‬qawānīn2 canon; ‫ مَقبب‬muqabbab cupolaed, domed,
established principle, basic rule, axiom, spanned by a cupola or dome; convex
norm, regulation, rule, ordinance, 2
prescript, precept, statute; law; code; tax, ‫قب‬qabba pl. -āt collar (of a garment)
impost; (Tun.) tax on olives and dates; a ‫ قبج‬qabj, qabaj (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ قباج‬qibāj a
stringed musical instrument resembling kind of partridge
the zither, with a shallow, trapezoidal
‫ قبح‬qabuḥa u (qubḥ, qabḥ, ‫ قباحة‬qabāḥa) to be
sound box, set horizontally before the
ugly, repulsive, repugnant, disgusting
performer │ ‫( القانون الساسي‬asāsī) basic
(physically or morally); to be
constitutional law; statutes; ‫قانون التأسيس‬
ignominious, infamous, shameful,
statutes, constitution; ‫( القانون الجنائي‬jinā’ī)
disgraceful, foul, vile, base, mean II to
criminal law; penal law; ‫قانون الحوال‬
make ugly, repulsive, or repugnant,
‫( الشخصية‬šakšīya) personal statute; ‫القانون‬
disfigure (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to denounce
‫( الدستوري‬dustūrī) constitutional law; ‫القانون‬
s.o.’s action (‫‘ عليه فعله‬a. fi‘lahū) as ugly,
‫( الدولي‬duwalī) international law; ‫قانون‬
ignominious, infamous, shameful, or
‫ المرافعات‬q. al-murāfa‘āt code of procedure
disgraceful; to censure, rebuke (‫عليه فعله‬
(jur.; Eg.); ‫قانون اصول المحاكمات الحقوقية‬
s.o. for his action) X to find (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
(Syr.); ‫ قانون السلك الداري‬as-silk al-idārī
s.th.) ugly, repugnant, or repulsive, find (‫هـ‬
administrative law; ‫( قانون كيماوي‬kīmāwī)
s.th.) ignominious, infamous, shameful,
disgraceful, foul, vile, base, or mean; to ‫ قبسة‬qabsa firebrand
disapprove (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), dislike (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ قابوس‬qābūs nightmare
‫ قبح‬qubḥ, qabḥ ugliness; ignominy, ‫ اقتباس‬iqtibās learning, acquisition (of
infamy, shamefulness │ ‫ قبحا له‬shame on knowledge); loaning, loan, borrowing
him! (fig); adoption, taking over, acceptance,
‫ قبيح‬qabīḥ pl. ‫ قباح‬qibāḥ, ‫ قباحى‬qabāḥā, adaptation (of a literary text or passage);
‫ قبحى‬qabḥā ugly, repulsive, repugnant, quotation, citation (of another’s literary
disgusting (physically or morally); work or ideas)
ignominious, infamous, shameful, ‫ مَقتبسات‬muqtabasāt loans, borrowings
disgraceful, foul, vile, base, mean; (fig.)
impudent, shameless, insolent, impertinent
‫ قبص‬qabaṣa i (qabṣ) to take up with finger and
‫ قبيحة‬qabīḥa pl. ‫ قبائح‬qabā’iḥ2, ‫ قباح‬qibāḥ thumb (‫ هـ‬s.th.), take a pinch (‫ هـ‬of s.th.)
abomination, shameful deed, dirty trick,
low act ‫ قبصة‬qabṣa, qubṣa as much as may be
taken between the finger and the thumb, a
‫ قباحة‬qabāḥa ugliness; ignominy, pinch
infamy, shamefulness 737
‫ قبض‬qabaḍa i (qabḍ) to seize, take, grab,
‫ اقبح‬aqbaḥ2 uglier; more infamous; grasp, grip, clasp, clutch (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
fouler, viler s.o., s.th.), take hold, take possession (‫على‬
‫ مَقابح‬maqābiḥ2 ugly traits, repulsive or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of); to hold (‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬,‫ على‬s.o.,
qualities s.th.); to apprehend, arrest (‫ على‬s.o.); to
1 receive, collect (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., money); to
‫ قبار‬qubbār, qabbār capers (bot.)
contract, constringe (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to constipate
2
‫ قبر‬qabara u i (qabr, ‫ مَقبر‬maqbar) to bury, (‫ البطن‬al-baṭna the bowels); to oppress,
inter, entomb (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) deject, dishearten, dispirit, depress (‫ ه‬s.o.);
‫ قبر‬qabr pl. ‫ قبور‬qubūr grave, tomb, pass. qubiḍa or ‫ قبضت روحه‬qubiḍat rūḥuhū
spulcher to die │ ‫ قبضه ا‬or ‫( قبض ا روحه‬rūḥahū)
God made him die; ‫( قبض يده عن‬yadahū) to
‫ قبر‬maqbar pl. ‫ مَقابر‬maqābir2 tomb, keep o.s. from seizing s.o. or s.th.; to be
burying place, burial ground; cemetery, ungenerous, be stingy toward; ‫قبض الصدر‬
graveyard (‫( )النفس‬ṣadr, nafs) to oppress, deject,
‫ مَقبرة‬maqbura, maqbara pl. ‫مَقابر‬ dishearten, dispirit, depress II to contract,
maqābir2 tomb, burying place, burial constringe (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to give (‫ هـ‬s.th.) into
ground; cemetery, graveyard s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬possession; to pay (‫ هـ‬a price) │
(‫( قبض الصدر )النفس‬ṣadr, nafs) to oppress,
‫ مَقبري‬maqburī, maqbarī caretaker of a deject, dishearten, dispirit, depress V to
cemetery; gravedigger contract, become contracted; to shrink,
3
‫ قبر‬qubbar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬lark (zool.) shrivel; to be constipated (bowels) VII =
V; to be received; to shut o.s. off (‫ عن‬from,
‫ قبرص‬qubruṣ2 and ‫ قبرس‬qubrus2 Cyprus
to), close one's mind (‫ عن‬to); to be
‫ قبرصي‬qubruṣī Cyprian, Cypriote (adj. dejected, depressed, dispirited, ill at ease,
and n.); ‫ القبارصة‬al-qabāriṣa the Cypriotes also ‫( انقبض صدره‬ṣadruhū)
‫ قبس‬qabasa i (qabs) to derive, acquire, loan, ‫ قبض‬qabḍ gripping, grasping, seizing,
borrow, adopt, take over (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from) seizure, holding; taking possession,
VIII to take, or seek to take, fire (‫ مَن‬from, appropriation; apprehension, arrest (‫ على‬of
also ‫ ;)نارا مَن‬to acquire or seek to acquire s.o.); receiving, receipt (esp., of money);
knowledge (‫ مَن‬from, also ‫ ;)علما مَن‬to learn contraction, constriction, constipation │ ‫الق‬
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to loan, borrow, adopt, take over ‫( بض والدفع‬daf‘) revenues and
(‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ عن‬s.th. from) expenditures; ‫( القى القبض عليه‬alqā l-qabḍa)
‫ قبس‬qabas firebrand; live coal to arrest s.o.
3
‫ قبضة‬qabḍa pl. qabaḍāt seizure; grip, ‫ قبطان‬qubṭān pl. ‫ قباطين‬qabāṭīn2, ‫ قباطنة‬qabāṭina
hold, clasp, grasp; handful; (Eg.) a 738 captain (of a ship and, in Tun., as a
linear measure of 12.5 cm; -- (pl. ‫قباض‬ military rank = Fr. capitaine)
qibāḍ) handle, haft, hilt │ ‫ قبضة اليد‬q. al- ‫ قبع‬qaba‘a a (‫ قبوع‬qubū‘) to retract the head
yad fist; ‫ في قبضته‬in s.o.’s possession, in (hedgehog); to crouch, squat, sit; -- (qab‘,
s.o.’s hands, in s.o.’s power; ‫في قبضة يده‬ ‫ قباع‬qibā‘, qubā‘) to grunt (hog); to
do.; ‫ وقع في قبضته‬to fall into s.o.’s hands trumpet (elephant); -- (qab‘) to drink in
‫ قبضة‬qubḍa pl. ‫ قبض‬qubaḍ handful hasty gulps (eg.)
‫ قباضة‬qibāḍa raising, collecting, levying ‫ قبعة‬qubba‘a pl. -āt hat; cap; (syr.)
(of funds, of taxes) small felt cap
‫ قبضاى‬qabaḍāy pl. -āt (syr., leb.) ‫ مَقبع‬muqabba‘ wearing a bat, hatted
strong-arm (esp. one serving as bodyguard ‫ قبقب‬qabqaba to swell, bulge
for politicians and prominent
personalities); tough, bully ‫ قبقاب‬qabqāb pl. ‫ قباقيب‬qabāqīb2 wooden
clog, patten │ ‫ قبقاب انزلَق‬skate
‫ مَقبض‬maqbiḍ, miqbaḍ pl. ‫مَقابض‬
maqābḍ2 handle, haft, hilt ‫ قباقيبي‬qabāqībī: ‫( مَسمار قباقيبي‬mismār)
small nail, blue tack (eg.)
‫ مَقبض‬miqbaḍ pl. ‫ مَقابض‬maqābiḍ2
handle, knob, grip (also, e.g., of a walking ‫ قبل‬qabila a (‫ قبول‬qabūl, qubūl) to accept (‫ ب‬or
stick) ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to receive (kindly,
hospitably) (‫ ه‬s.o.), give (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) a
‫ تقابض‬taqābuḍ (Isl. Law) a reciprocal friendly reception, receive (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
taking possession (of a commodity and its favorably, approve (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of s.o., of s.th.); to
monetary equivalent by buyer and seller acquiesce (‫ هـ‬in s.th.), put up (‫ هـ‬with
respectively) s.th.), agree, consent, assent (‫ هـ‬to, also ‫;)ب‬
‫ انقباض‬inqibāḍ contraction, shriveling, to admit (‫ ه‬,‫ في هـ‬s.o., s.th. to); to obey (‫مَن‬
shrinking, shrinkage; constipation (of the s.o.), yield, give in (‫ مَن‬to s.o.), submit to
bowels); oppression, anguish, anxiety, s.o.’s (‫ )مَن‬command; -- qabila a and
dejectedness, depression, low spirits, qabala u i (‫ قبالة‬qabāla) to guarantee,
gloom, also ‫ انقباض الصدر‬inq. aṣ-ṣadr vouch, be surety (‫ ب‬for) │ ‫قبل الذهاب مَعي‬
(dahāba) he was willing to go with me;
‫ قابض‬qābiḍ constipating, costive
qabila with acc. of a maṣdar frequently
(med.); grievous, distressing,
corresponds to an English adjective in
embarrassing; receiver, recipient; gripper,
-able, -ible, -ive, -al, e.g., ‫داء يقبل الشفاء‬
clamp, claw, catcher, tongs, holder
(šifā’a) a curable disease, ‫بضائع تقبل الَلتهاب‬
(techn.); (pl. -ūn, ‫ قباض‬qubbāḍ) (tax)
(highly) combustible merchandise; َ‫اثمان ل‬
collector │ ‫‘( عضلة قابضة‬aḍala) flexor; ‫قاب‬
‫( تقبل المزاحمة‬muzāḥamata) prices that are
‫( ض على المَر‬amr) ruler, potentate
beyond competition; ‫( قبل شكا‬šakkan) to
‫ مَقبوض‬maqbūḍ: ‫ مَقبوض عليه‬person under admit doubt II to kiss (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.);
arrest; (pl. -āt, ‫ مَقابيض‬maqābīḍ2) revenue (eg.) to go 739 south(ward) III to b. or
(fin.) stand exactly opposite s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)هـ‬,
‫ مَنقبض‬mungabiḍ oppressed, worried, be face to face (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with); to confront,
dispirited, disheartened, downcast, face, counter (‫ ه‬s.o.; ‫ هـ ب‬s.th. with, e.g., a
dejected, depressed, ill at ease │ ‫مَنقبض‬ situation with caution); to meet (‫ ه‬s.o.; ‫ب‬
(‫ الصدر )النفس‬m. aṣ-ṣadr (or an-nafs) do. ‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a danger, with, by); to
1
encounter (‫ ه‬s.o.), run across s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to
‫ قبط‬II ‫( قبط وجهه‬wajhahū) to knit the brows, visit (‫ ه‬s.o.), call on s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to meet, get
frown, scowl, glower together, have a talk or interview (‫ ه‬with
2
‫ القبط‬al-qibṭ, al-qubṭ pl. ‫ القباط‬al-aqbāṭ the s.o.); to interview (‫ ه‬s.o.); to receive (in
Copts audience) (‫ ه‬s.o.), grant an audience (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to receive (‫ هـ‬,‫ ب‬s.o., s.th. with, e.g.,
‫ قبطي‬qibṭī, qubṭī Coptic; Copt a news with joy); to repay, return, requite (
‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with); to compare, collate (‫ على‬or (or its) own accord; ‫ لي قبله دين‬lī qibalahū
‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with) │ ‫قابله على الرحب والساعة‬ dain he owes me a debt, he is indebted to
(raḥb, sā‘a) to welcome s.o. or s.th.; ‫قابله‬ me
‫( بالمثل‬bi-l-mitl) to return like for like IV to ‫ قبلة‬qubla pl. qublāt, qubulāt, ‫ قبل‬qubal
turn forward; to draw near, come close to kiss
s.o. or to a place (‫)على‬, approach (‫ على‬s.o.,
a place); to advance (‫ على‬to, toward); to ‫ قبلة‬qibla kiblah, direction to which
turn (‫ على‬to. toward); to embark, enter (‫على‬ Muslims turn in praying (toward the
upon s.th.), engage (‫ على‬in); to give one’s Kaaba); recess in a mosque indicating the
attention, devote o.s. (‫ على‬to s.o., to s.th.), direction of the Kaaba, prayer niche │ ‫اولى‬
dedicate o.s., apply o.s., attend (‫ على‬to ‫ القبلتين‬ūlā l-qiblatain the first of the two
s.th.), occupy o.s. (‫ على‬with); to take an kiblahs, i.e. Jerusalem; ‫ قبلة النظار‬q. al-
interest, become or be interested (‫ على‬in); anẓār focus of attention, target of all eyes,
to go, come (‫ الى‬to); to be abundant (crop); ideal, goal sought after and aspired to; ‫قبلة‬
(with foll. imperf.) to begin to do │ ‫اقبل‬ ‫ الَهتمام‬object of widespread interest, focus
‫( عليه الدهر‬dahru) or ‫( اقبل عليه الدنيا‬dunya) of attention
luck is on his side, fortune smiles on him ‫ قبلى‬qiblī southern, south │ ‫الوجه القبلي‬
V to accept, receive (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to hear, (wajh) Upper Egypt
grant (‫ دعاءه‬du‘ā’ahū s.o.’s prayer; of God)
VI to be opposite each other, face each ‫ قبول‬qabūl, qubūl (friendly) reception;
other; to meet (e.g., two persons); to get welcome; acceptance; concurrence,
together, have a meeting; meet (‫ مَع‬with); consent, assent, approval, admission,
to be compared, be collated VIII to admittance; with foll. maṣdar
receive (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to apply o.s. corresponding 740 to English abstract
gladly and willingly (‫ هـ‬to s.th.) X to turn nouns in -ability, -ibility, -ivity, -ality, e.g.,
one’s face (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., toward s.th.); to go ‫‘ عدم قبول التفرقة‬adam q. at-tafriqa
to meet, to meet (‫ ه‬s.o.); to face, confront, indivisibility
meet (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to take upon o.s., ‫ قبيل‬qabīl guarantor, bail(sman), surety;
assume (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to receive (‫ ه‬a visitor, a kind, specimen, species, sort; tribe │ ‫مَن‬
guest; ‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a radio broadcast) ‫ هذا القبيل‬of this kind, like this, such; in this
‫ قبل‬qablu (adv.) or ‫ مَن قبل‬min qablu and respect; ‫( مَن قبيل اليضاح‬q. il-īḍāḥ by way
‫ قبلا‬qablan previously, formerly, earlier, of illustration, as an explanation; ‫مَن كل قبيل‬
before; ‫( مَن ذي قبل‬qablu), ‫( عن ذي قبل‬after a ‫( ودبير‬dabīr) of every origin (whatsoever);
comparative) ... than before; qabla (prep.) ‫ ليس مَن هذا المَر في قبيل ولَ دبير‬he is not in the
before, prior to │ ‫ قبل كل شيء‬qabla kull least involved in this affair, he has
šai’in first of all, above all; ‫ مَن قبل‬min absolutely nothing to do with this affair
qabli before, prior to; ‫( قبل ان‬conj.) before ‫ قبيلة‬qabīla pl. ‫ قبائل‬qabā’il2 tribe
‫ قبلئذ‬qabla’idin previously, formerly, ‫ قبلي‬qabalī tribal
once, in former times
‫ قبالة‬qabāla bail, guaranty, suretyship,
‫ قبيل‬qubaila (prep.) shortly before, prior liability, responsibility; contract,
to; ‫( قبيل ان‬conj.) shortly before agreement
‫ قبل‬qubl, qubul fore part, front part, ‫ قبالة‬qibāla midwifery, obstetrics
front, face │ ‫( مَن قبل‬qubulin) in front;
from the front, from in front ‫ قبالة‬qubālata (prep.) opposite, face to
face with, vis-à-vis, in front of
‫ قبل‬qibal power, ability; -- qibala
(prep.) in the presence of, before. near; in ‫ تقبيل‬taqbīl kissing
the direction of, toward │ ‫( لَ قبل له‬qibala) ‫ قبال‬qibāla (prep.) opposite, face to face
he has no power over it, it is not in his with, vis-à-vis, in front of
power; he is incapable of accomplishing
‫ مَقابلة‬muqābala encounter; meeting;
it; ‫ مَن قبل‬min qibali on the part of, from,
conversation, talk, discussion; interview;
by; ‫ مَن قبل نفسه‬by himself (or itself), of his
audience; reception; comparison, collation
│ ‫ مَقابلة ذلك‬muqābalata d. or ‫ في مَقابلة ذلك‬in ‫ مَقبول‬maqbūl acceptable, reasonable;
return for that, in exchange for that, in satisfactory (as an examination grade;
compensation for that, as an equivalent for Eg.); pleasing, obliging, complaisant,
that, for that, therefor; ‫تشريح المقابلة‬ amiable; well-liked, likable, popular,
comparative anatomy; ‫( المقابلة بالمثل‬bi-l- welcome
mitl) requital; retaliation, reprisal; ‫أخذ‬ ‫ مَقبلات‬muqabbilāt appetizers, hors
‫ بالمقابلة‬to return like for like d’oeuvres
‫ اقبال‬iqbāl drawing near, advance, ‫ مَقابل‬muqābil facing, opposite; counter-
approach; coming, arrival, advent; (in compounds); equivalent, wages, 741
turning, application, attention, response, remuneration, recompense │ ‫مَقابل ذلك‬
responsiveness (‫ على‬to), concern (‫ على‬for), (muqābila) or ‫ في مَقابل ذلك‬accordingly, in
intereot (‫ على‬in), demand; good fortune, accordance with that, in return for that, in
prosperity, welfare │ ‫ اقبالا وادبارا‬iqbālan exchange for that, in compensation for
wa-idbāran back and forth, to and fro, up that, as an equivalent for that, for that,
end down therefor; ‫ مَقابل تقديم الكوبون‬upon presentation
‫ تقبل‬taqabbul receptivity, susceptibility, of the coupon; ‫مَائة سفينة مَقابل خمسين في العام‬
sensibility ‫( السابق‬mi’at safīna m. kamsīn 100 ships as
compared with 50 the previous year; ‫بدون‬
‫ اقتبال‬iqtibāl reception
‫ مَقابل‬or ‫ مَن غير مَقابل‬without compensation,
‫ استقبال‬istiqbāl pl. -āt reception; for nothing, gratis
opposition (astron.); full moon (as an
‫ مَقبل‬muqbil coming, next (e.g., month,
astronomical aspect); the future; ‫استقبالا‬
year)
istiqbālan in the future │ ‫آلة الَستقبال‬
receiving set, receiver; ‫ غرفة الَستقبال‬gurfat ‫ مَقتبل‬muqtabal: ‫ في مَقتبل العمر‬fī m.
al-ist. reception room, parlor; ‫كان في استقباله‬ il-‘umr in the prime of life; ‫مَقتبل الليل‬
he was present to greet him, he had come (muqtabala l-lail) at the beginning of the
to meet him, he received him night, early at night
‫ قابل‬qābil obstetrician, accoucheur; ‫ مَستقبل‬mustaqbil receiving set, receiver
coming, next (e.g., month); subject, liable, (radio)
susceptible, disposed (‫ ل‬to s.th.); O ‫ مَستقبل‬mustaqbal front part, front, face;
receiver (radio); with foll. ‫ ل‬and maṣdar future (adj.); the future
corresponding to English adjectives in
-able, -ible, -ive, -al, e.g., ‫( قابل للموت‬li-l- ‫ قبن‬II to weigh (with a steelyard) (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
maut) mortal; ‫ قابل للشفاء‬curable; ‫قابل لللتهاب‬ ‫ قبان‬qabbān steelyard; scale beam;
(highly) combustible, inflammable; ‫قابل‬ platform scale, weighbridge
‫ للتوصيل‬conductive (el.); ‫غير قابل للرجوع‬ 1
irrevocable; ‫يكون جواز السفر قابلا للتجديد اربع‬ ‫ قباء‬qabā’ pl. ‫ اقيةن‬aqbiya an outer garment
‫( مَرات‬jawāz as-safar, arba‘a marrātin) the with full-length sleeves
passport can be renewed four times 2
(‫ قبا )قبو‬qabā u to vault, arch, camber, curve,
‫ قابلة‬qābila pl. -āt, ‫ قوابل‬qawābil 2 bend (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
midwife, accoucheuse; -- (pl. ‫قوابل‬ ‫ قبو‬qabw pl. ‫ اقبية‬aqbiya vault; vaulted
qawābil2) receptacle, container; -- pl. ‫قوابل‬ roof; cellar; tunnel, gallery, drift, adit
beginnings (mining); O prompt box │ O ‫قبو الوقاية مَن‬
‫ قابلية‬qābilīya faculty, power, capacity, ‫( الغارات الجوية‬jawwīya) air-raid shelter
capability, ability; aptitude, fitness; ‫ قبوة‬qabwa vault
tendency, disposition, liability,
susceptibility, sensibility, receptivity (‫ل‬ ‫ قباء‬qibā’ interval, interspace, distance
to); appetite │ ‫ قابلية للتوصيل‬conductivity ‫ قبودان‬qabūdān captain
(el.); ‫ قابلية القسمة‬q. al-qisma divisibility; cf.
‫ قت‬qatta u (qatt) to render falsely,
‫قابل‬
misrepresent, depreciate, belittle,
minimize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to lie VIII to uproot, ‫ الخطأ‬q. al-kaṭa’ accidental homicide (jur.);
root out, extirpate (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) ‫‘( القتل العمد‬amd) or ‫‘( القتل العمدي‬amdī) or ‫القت‬
‫‘( ل عمدا‬amdan) or ‫القتل العمد مَع سبق الصرار‬
‫ قتات‬qattāt slanderer, calumniator
(sabqi l-iṣrār) premeditated murder
‫ قتب‬qatab pl. ‫ اقتاب‬aqtāb (eg.) hunch, hump
‫ قتل‬qitl pl. ‫ اقتال‬aqtāl enemy, foe,
‫ مَقوتب‬muqautab hunchbacked adversary, opponent
‫ قتاد‬qatād tragacanth (Astragalus; bot.) ‫ قتيل‬qatīl pl. ‫ قتلى‬qatlā killed; killed in
│ ‫ على قتاد‬he was sitting on a bed of thorns battle, fallen; one killed in battle, casualty
‫ قتر‬qatara u i (qatr, ‫ قتور‬qutūr) and II to be │ ‫ قتيل الحرب‬q. al-ḥarb man killed in war
stingy, tightfisted, niggardly, parsimonious ‫ قتال‬qattāl murderous, deadly, lethal
(‫ على‬toward s.o.), keep (‫ على‬s.o.) short,
‫ اقتل‬aqtal2 deadlier, more lethal in effect
stint (‫ على‬s.o.) IV do.; to live in straitened
circumstances, be or become poor ‫ مَقتل‬maqtal murder, death; murderous
battle; (pl. ‫ مَقاتل‬maqātil2) vital part of the
‫ قتر‬qatr stinginess, niggardliness,
body (the injury of which will bring about
parsimony (‫ على‬toward)
death), mortal spot, mortal organ;
‫ قترة‬qatara dust Achilles’ heel, vulnerable spot │ ‫ضربه في‬
‫ قتار‬quṭār aroma, smell (of s.th. fried or ‫( مَقاتله‬ḍarabahū) or ‫( اصاب مَنه المقتل‬aṣāba)
cooked) he hit him at his most vulnerable spot

‫ تقتير‬taqtīr stinginess, niggardliness, ‫ مَقتلة‬maqtala pl. -āt butchery, slaughter,


parsimony (‫ على‬toward) carnage, massacre

‫ قاتر‬qātir stingy, tightfisted, miserly, ‫ تقتيل‬butchery, slaughter, carnage,


niggardly, parsimonious (‫ على‬toward) massacre

‫ مَقتر‬muqattir, muqtir stingy, tightfisted, ‫ قتال‬qitāl fight, struggle, contention


miserly, niggardly, parsimonious (‫على‬ (against); combat, strife, battle │ ‫ساحة القتال‬
toward) battlefield

‫ قتل‬qatala u (qatl) to kill, slay, murder, ‫ مَقاتلة‬muqātala fight, struggle,


assassinate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to mitigate, alleviate ( contention (against); combat, strife
‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., ‫ البرد‬al-barda the cold, ‫الجوع‬ ‫ تقاتل‬taqātul mutual struggle
al-jū‘a the hunger); to mix, dilute (‫ب هـ‬
‫ قاتل‬qātil killing, murdering; deadly,
s.th. with, e.g., wine with water); to know,
lethal, mortal, fatal; (pl. ‫ قتال‬quttāl, ‫قتلة‬
master (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a skill) │ ‫قتله خبرا‬
qatala) killer, manslayer; murderer,
(‫( )علما‬kubran, ‘ilman) or ‫قتله درسا وبحثا‬
assassin
(darsan wa-baḥtan) to know or master
s.th. (e.g., a skill, a field of study) ‫ قاتلات‬qātilāt lethal agents (‫ ل‬against)
thoroughly; ‫( قتل الموضوع بحثا‬baḥtan) to ‫ مَقتل‬muqattal experienced, practiced,
study a topic most thoroughly, treat a tried, tested
subject exhaustively; ‫( قتل الدهر خبرة‬dahra
kibratan) to have long experience with ‫ مَقاتل‬muqatil fighter, combatant,
life, be worldly wise II to kill, massacre (‫ه‬ warrior; fighting, combat-, battle- (in
‫ م‬people), cause carnage (‫ هم‬among compounds)
people) III to combat, battle (‫ ه‬s.o.), fight ( ‫ مَقاتلة‬muqatila (coli.) combatants,
‫ ه‬s.o., with s.o., or against s.o.) │ ‫قاتله ا‬ warriors, fighting forces
lit.: may God fight him! i.e., 742 approx.:
damned bastard! VI and VIII to fight with ‫ مَقاتلة‬muqātila pl. -āt combat plane,
one another, combat each other X to risk light bomber
one’s life, defy death ‫ مَقتتل‬muqtatal battlefield, battleground
‫ قتل‬qatl killing; manslaughter, ‫ مَستقتل‬mustaqtil death-defying, heroic
homicide; murder, assassination │ ‫قتل بسبب‬
(bi-sababin) indirect killing (Isl. Law); ‫قتل‬
‫ قتم‬qatama u (‫ قتوم‬qutūm) to rise (dust) IX to be ‫ قاحل‬qāḥil dry, arid
dark(-colored), blackish ‫ قحم‬IV to push, drag (‫ في ه‬s.o. into s.th.),
‫ قتمة‬qutma, qatama dark or blackish involve (‫ في ه‬s.o. in); to introduce forcibly,
color, darkness, gloom cram (‫ في ه‬s.th. into) │ ‫اقحم نفسه بينهم‬
(nafsahū) he squeezed himself between
‫ قتام‬qatām dark or blackish color,
them VIII to plunge, rush, hurtle (‫ هـ‬into
darkness, gloom
s.th.); to break (‫ هـ‬into s.th.), intrude,
‫ اقتم‬aqtam2 dark-colored, blackish, dark invade (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to burst (‫ هـ‬into a room);
‫ قاتم‬qātim pl. ‫ قواتم‬qawātim2 black, dark to jump, leap, dive (‫ هـ‬into s.th.); to rush,
│ ‫ اسود قاتم‬pitch-black dart (‫ هـ‬at); to storm, take by storm (‫هـ‬
1
s.th.); to embark boldly (‫ هـ‬upon s.th.); to
‫ قث‬qatta u (qatt) and VIII to pull out, tear out, defy (‫ هـ‬danger, hardships, etc.)
uproot (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
2
‫ قحمة‬kuḥma pl. ‫ قحم‬quḥam danger one
‫ قثاء‬qittā’, quttā’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬cucumber rushes into. hazardous undertaking
‫ قثاطير‬qatāṭīr2 catheter ‫ مَقحام‬miqḥām pl. ‫ مَقاحيم‬maqāḥīm2 one
O ‫ قثطرة‬qatṭara catheter who plunges heedlessly into danger,
1
reckless, daring, foolhardy
‫ قح‬qaḥḥa to cough
2
‫ اقحام‬iqḥām dragging in, implicating,
‫ قح‬quḥḥ pl. ‫ اقحاح‬aqḥāḥ pure, sheer, unmixed, involvement
unadulterated; genuine
‫ اقتحام‬iqtiḥām brooking in, inrush,
‫ قحبة‬qaḥba pl. ‫ قحاب‬qiḥāb whore, harlot, irruption, intrusion, obtrusion; inroad,
prostitute invasion, incursion; storming, capture by
‫ قحط‬qaḥaṭa a (qaḥṭ, ‫ قحوط‬quḥūṭ) and storm
qaḥiṭa a (qaḥaṭ) to be withheld, fail to set ‫ اقحوان‬uqḥuwān pl. ‫ اقاح‬aqāḥin, ‫ اقاحي‬aqāḥīy
in (rains); active and pass. quḥiṭa to be camomile (bot.); daisy (bot.)
rainless (year) II to pollinate (‫ النخلة‬an-
1
naklata the palm tree); (eg.) to scratch 743 ‫ قد‬qad (particle) with foll. perf. indicates the
off, scrape off (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to be rainless termination of an action; sometimes
(year) corresponding to English “already”; with
foll. imperf.: sometimes, at times;
‫ قحط‬qaḥṭ want of rain, rainleseness; perhaps, or English “may”, “might”
drought, dryness; famine; dearth, lack,
2
want, scarcity ‫قد‬qadda u (qadd) to cut lengthwise, cut into
strips (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cut off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to chop
‫ قحطان‬qaṭān2 legendary ancestor of the South off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cut out, carve out (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
Arabians │ ‫ قد قلبه مَن حجر‬qudda qalbuhū min
‫ قحف‬qaḥafa a (qaḥf) to swallow, gulp down (‫هـ‬ ḥajarin to have a heart of stone II = I; to
s.th.); to sweep away, carry away (‫ هـ‬s.th.; cut into strips and dry (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., meat,
of a river) VIII = I fruits), to jerk (‫ هـ‬meat) VII to split, burst
(also, e.g., with laughter) VIII = I
‫ قحف‬qiḥf pl. ‫ قحوف‬quḥūf, ‫ اقحاف‬aqḥāf,
‫ قحفة‬qiḥafa skull; cranium, brainpan ‫ قد‬qidd pl. ‫ اقد‬aqudd strip (of leather),
strap, thong
‫ قحاف‬quḥāf torrential (river)
‫ قدة‬qidda pl. ‫ قدد‬qidad rail; ruler │ ‫طرائق‬
‫ قحل‬qaḥila a (qaḥal) and pass. quḥila to be or
‫ قددا‬tafarraqū ṭarā’iqa qidadan to split into
become dry or arid, dry up, wither
many parts or groups, break up, dissolve
‫ قحل‬qaḥal dryness aridity
‫ قديد‬qadīd meat cut into strips and dried,
‫ قحل‬qaḥil dry, arid jerked meat
‫ قحولة‬quḥūla dryness, aridity ‫ قد‬qadd pl. ‫ قدود‬qudūd shape, build,
‫ قحلاء‬qaḥlā’ f. dry frame, physique, stature, height, figure;
(eg.) size, bulk, volume, quantity │ ‫على‬ s.th.), be master (‫ على‬of s.th.), be equal (
‫ قده‬of the same size, of equal size, just as ‫ على‬to s.th.), be up to s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to have
(large) the possibility to do (‫ على‬s.th.), be in a
position to do s.th. (‫ ان‬or ‫)على‬, be able to
‫ قدح‬qadaḥa a (qadḥ) to bore, pierce (‫ في‬s.th.);
do s.th. (‫ ان‬or ‫)على‬, be capable (‫ ان‬or ‫على‬
to slander, defame, malign, vilify (‫ في‬s.o.);
of) II to appoint, assign, determine,
to rebuke, censure, blame (‫ في‬s.o.); to
ordain, decree (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬for s.o.; of
reprove, reproach, chide (‫ في‬s.o.); to reject
God); to predetermine, foreordain,
as objectionable (‫ في‬a witness, a
(pre)destine (‫ هـ هـ‬s.th.; of God); to
testimony); to impair, depreciate, belittle,
appraise (‫ هـ‬s.th.; with respect to its worth
lessen, diminish, degrade (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬s.th.),
and amount), assess, estimate, calculate,
detract (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬from); to violate, infringe
tax, evaluate, value, rate (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. at); to
(‫ في‬s.th.), offend (744 ‫ في‬against); to strike
anticipate, foresee (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to surmise,
fire (with a flint) (also with ‫ النار‬an-nāra)
guess, presume, suppose, believe, think,
│ ‫( قدح زناد الفكر‬z. al-fikr) to ponder, think
be of the opinion (‫ ان‬that); to esteem
hard, rack one’s brain; ‫( قدح فكره‬fikrahū) to
highly, value, treasure, prize, cherish (‫ه‬
think hard; ‫( قدح شررا‬šararan) to strike or
s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ هـ ل‬s.th. in s.o., because of
emit sparks VIII to strike fire (with a
s.th. s.o.); to appreciate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to enable
flint), also ‫ ;اقتدح النار‬to weigh, consider (‫هـ‬
(‫ على ه‬s.o. to do s.th.), put (‫ ه‬s.o.) in a
s.th.)
position (‫ على‬to do s.th.); (gram.) to imply
‫ قدح‬qadḥ slander, calumniation, in an expression (‫ ل‬or ‫ )هـ‬another (‫ ب‬or ‫)هـ‬
calumny, defamation, vilification, as virtually existing │ ‫( لَ قدر ا‬which)
aspersion; censure, rebuke, reproof, God forbid! ‫( قدر فكان‬quddira) the
reproach; depreciation, detraction (‫ ب‬of ‫في‬ inevitable happened! ‫( قدره حق قدره‬ḥaqqa
from), impairment qadrihi) to attach the proper value to s.o.
‫ قدح‬qidḥ, pl. ‫ قداح‬qidāḥ, ‫ اقدح‬aqduḥ, ‫اقداح‬ or s.th., fully appreciate the value of s.o.
aqdāḥ, ‫ اقاديح‬aqādīḥ2 arrow shaft; arrow; or s.th.; ‫ لَ يقدر‬lā yuqaddaru inestimable,
divining arrow, arrow used for oracles │ ‫ال‬ invaluable, immeasurable, immense, huge,
‫( قدح المعلى‬mu‘allā) the seventh of the enormous, tremendous IV to enable (‫على ه‬
divining arrows used in the ancient s.o. to do s.th.), put (‫ ه‬s.o.) in a position (
Arabian game of maisir, i.e., the best of ‫ على‬to do s.th.) V to he appointed,
them which won seven shares of the assigned, determined, ordained, destined,
slaughtered camel, hence: ‫له القدح المعلى في‬ fated, decreed VIII = I qadara i X to ask (‫ه‬
to be the principal agent in, have a major God) for strength or ability
impact on, exert decisive influence on, be ‫ قدر‬qadr pl. ‫ اقدار‬aqdār extent, scope,
of crucial importance for quantity, amount, scale, rate, measure,
‫ قدح‬qadaḥ pl. ‫ اقداح‬aqdāḥ drinking number; sum, amount; degree, grade;
bowl; (drinking) cup; goblet; glass, worth, value, standing, rank; divine decree
tumbler; tea glass; keddah, a dry measure │ ‫ ليلة القدر‬lailat al-q. the night in which,
(Eg. = 1/96 ‫ اردب‬ardabb = 2.0621) according to sura 97, the Koran was
revealed, celebrated during the night
‫ قداح‬qaddāḥ and ‫ قداحة‬qaddāḥa pl. -āt between the 26th and 27th of Ramadan; ‫قدر‬
flint; fire steel, fire iron (for striking ‫ مَن‬a certain extent of, a certain degree of;
sparks from flint); flint and steel; lighter ‫ قدر‬qadra, ‫ بقدر‬bi-qadri, ‫على قدر‬
(e.g., for cigarettes) commensurate with, corresponding to,
‫ مَقدحة‬miqdaḥa fire steel, fire iron (for according to, in proportion to; ‫ بقدر مَا‬bi-
striking sparks from flint) qadri mā in the same measure 745 as, to
the same extent as, as much as, as large as;
‫ قدر‬qadara u i (qadr) to decree, ordain, decide ‫‘ على قدر مَا‬alā qadrin mā to a certain
(‫ هـ‬s.th.; of God) -- qadara i (‫ قدرة‬qudra, ‫مَق‬ extent, relatively; ‫ قدر المستطاع‬qadra l-
‫ درة‬maqdura, maqdara, maqdira) and mustaṭā‘, ‫ قدر‬,‫ على قدر المستطاع‬,‫بقدر المستطاع‬
qadira a (qadar) to possess strength, ‫ الطاقة‬qadra ṭ-ṭ., ‫ قدر المَكان‬qadra l-imkān, ‫بق‬
power, or ability; to have power (‫ على‬over ‫ در المَكان‬and ‫ على قدر المَكان‬as far as
possible, as much as possible, in the best valuation; appreciation; esteem;
way possible, to the best of one’s abilities; assumption, surmise, supposition,
‫ اغلبية قدرها مَائة صوت‬aglabīya qadruha proposition; implication of a missing
mi’atu ṣautin a majority of a hundred syntactical part (gram.); (pl. -āt) grading,
votes; ‫ ذوو قدرة‬dawū q. people of evaluation (of achievement; school,
distinction, important people university); ‫ تقديرا‬taqdīran by implication,
implicitly, virtually │ ‫ تقديرا لهذا‬in
‫ قدر‬qadar pl. ‫ اقدار‬aqdār divine fore-
appreciation of this; ‫‘ على اقل تقدير‬alā
ordainment, predestination; fate, destiny,
aqalli t. at least; ‫ على اكثر التقدير‬at most; ‫عن‬
lot │ ‫ مَذهب القدر‬madhab al-q. fatalism;
‫‘ مَبلغ تقديري‬an mablagi taqdīrī as far as I
‫( القضاء والقدر‬qaḍā’) fate and divine decree;
can judge for myself
‫ قضاء وقدرا‬qaḍā’an wa-qadaran or ‫بالقضاء‬
‫ والقدر‬by fate and divine decree; ‫قدر جاء على‬ ‫ اقتدار‬iqtidār might, power, strength,
he arrived just at the right time potency; ability, capability, faculty,
capacity, efficiency, aptitude
‫ القدرية‬al-qadarīya a theological school
of early Islam asserting man’s free will ‫ قادر‬qādir possessing power or strength,
powerful, potent; having mastery (
‫ قدر‬qidr m. and f., pl. ‫ قدور‬qudūr
‫على‬vover s.th.), being equal (‫ قدر‬to s.th.);
cooking pot, kettle, pot
capable (‫ على‬of s.th.), able (‫ على‬to do
‫ قدرة‬qidra cooking pot, kettle, pot s.th.); efficient, capable, talented
‫ قدرة‬qadara small bottle, flask ‫ مَقدور‬maqdūr decreed (‫ على‬against, by
‫ قدرة‬qudra faculty (‫ على‬of), power, fate); (pl. ‫ مَقادير‬maqādīr2) destiny, fate;
strength (‫ على‬for), potency; capacity, (pl. -āt) faculty, capability, ability;
ability, capability, aptitude; omnipotence potential, resources │ ‫ في مَقدوره ان‬to be
(of God) │ O ‫‘( القدر على العمل‬amal) power, able to …, be capable of ..., be in a
capacity (techn., phys.); O ‫القدر على الَنتقاء‬ position to ..., have the possibility to ...
selectivity (radio) ‫ مَقدر‬muqaddir estimator, appraiser,
‫ قدير‬qadīr possessing power or strength, assessor, taxer
powerful, potent; having mastery (‫على‬ ‫ مَقدر‬muqaddar decreed, foreordained,
over s.th.), capable (‫ على‬of s.th.); predestined; implied, implicit, virtual; ‫مَقدر‬
omnipotent, almighty, all-powerful (God) ‫ ات‬fates, destinies; estimates, preliminary
‫ اقدر‬aqdar2 mightier, more powerful; calculations 746
more capable (‫ على‬of), abler (‫ على‬to do ‫ مَقتدر‬muqtadir possessing power or
s.th.) strength, powerful, potent; having mastery
‫ مَقدرة‬maqdura, maqdara, maqdira (‫ على‬over s.th.), being equal (‫ على‬to s.th.);
faculty (‫ على‬of), power, strength (‫ على‬for), able (‫ على‬to do s.th.), capable (‫ على‬of);
potency; capacity, ability, capability, efficient capable, talented
aptitude │ O ‫( المقدرة الحربية‬ḥarbīya) 1
‫ قدس‬qadusa u (quds, qudus) to be holy, be
military resources, military potential pure II to hallow, sanctify (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.);
‫ مَقدار‬miqdār pl. ‫ مَقادير‬maqādīr2 to dedicate. consecrate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to declare
measure; extent in space and time; scope, to be holy, glorify (‫ ا‬God); to hold
extent, scale, rate, range; quantity; amount sacred, venerate, revere, reverence,
│ ‫( مَقدار ادنى‬adnā) a minimum; ‫مَقدار اقصى‬ worship (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); (Chr.) to
(aqṣā) a maximum; ‫ بمقدار مَا‬bi-miqdāri mā canonize (‫ ه‬s.o.); (Chr.) to say Mass,
to the same extent or degree as …; as celebrate │ ‫( قدس ا سره‬sirrahū) may God
much as ...; ‫ بهذا المقدار‬to such an extent or sanctify his secret! (eulogy used when
degree, so much; ‫ بمقدار‬to a certain extent mentioning the name of a deceased
or degree, somewhat, a little Muslim saint) V to be hallowed, be sacred
or sanctified
‫ تقدير‬taqdīr pl. -āt, ‫ تقادير‬taqādīr2
estimation, appraisal, assessment, ‫ قدس‬quds, qudus holiness, sacredness,
taxation, rating; calculation, estimate, sanctity; (pl. ‫ اقداس‬aqdas) sanctuary,
shrine; ‫ القدس‬al-quds Jerusalem │ ‫قدس‬ send forward, send ahead, send off,
‫ القداس‬the holy of holies (Chr., Jud.); ‫روح‬ dispatch, send on in advance (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
‫ الروح القدس‬,‫( القدس‬ar-)rūḥ al-qudus the s.th.); to set forth beforehand, premise ( ‫ل‬
Holy Ghost (Chr.) ‫ هـ‬s.th. as introductory to s.th., e.g., a
preface to a book); to place (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ قدسي‬qudsī holy, sacred; saintly; saint
at the head; to set forward, set ahead (‫ هـ‬a
‫ قدسية‬qudsīya holiness, sacredness, clock); to do earlier, do beforehand, do
sanctity; saintliness before s.th. else (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to give
‫ قداس‬quddās pl. -āt, ‫ قداديس‬qadādīs2 precedence (‫ ه‬,‫ على هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.
Mass (Chr.) before), give priority (‫ على هـ‬to s.th. over);
to prefer (‫ ه‬,‫ على هـ‬s.o., s.th. to s.o. or s.th.
‫ قداسة‬qadāsa holiness, sacredness, else), give preference (‫ ه‬,‫ على هـ‬to s.o., to
sanctity; saintliness │ ‫ قداسة البابا‬His s.th. over); (Tun.) to appoint as legal
Holiness the Pope guardian (‫ على ه‬s.o. for); to prepare, ready,
‫ قدوس‬qaddūs, quddūs most holy; ‫القدوس‬ keep ready, provide, set aside, earmark ( ‫ل‬
the Most Holy, the All-Holy (God) ‫ ه‬s.th. for); to provide, 747 make
provisions (‫ ل‬for); to offer, proffer, tender,
‫ قديس‬qiddīs pl. -ūn holy, saintly; extend, present, produce, exhibit, display (
Christian saint │ ‫‘ عيد كل القديسين‬īd kull al- ‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to hand over,
q. All Saints’ Day (Chr.) deliver (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to submit,
‫ اقدس‬aqdas2 more hallowed, more refer (o s.th., ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.), lay s.th. (‫)هـ‬
sacred, holier before s.o. (‫ الى‬or ‫ ;)ل‬to give u a present (‫هـ‬
s.th., ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.), offer up, present (‫الى‬
‫ بيت المقدس‬bait al-maqdis Jerusalem
or ‫ ه‬,‫ ل هـ‬s.o., s.th. to s.o., to s.th.); to
‫ تقديس‬taqdīs sanctification, hallowing; dedicate (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل هـ‬s.th., e.g., a book, to
dedication, consecration; celebration s.o.); to file, turn in (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a report),
(Chr.); Consecration (as part of the send in, submit (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., an
Roman Catholic Mass; Chr.); reverence, application, ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to), lodge (‫ هـ‬e.g., a
veneration, worship complaint, ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬before); to give (o an
‫ مَقدس‬muqaddis reverent, reverential, answer); to take (o an examination); to
venerative bring s.o. (‫ )ه‬before a proper authority,
esp., before a tribunal (‫ امَام‬or ‫)الى‬, arraign
‫ مَقدس‬muqaddas hallowed. sanctified, s.o.; to introduce, present (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى ه‬s.o. to
dedicated, consecrated; holy, sacred; pl. s.o. else), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) acquainted (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬
-āt sacred things, sacrosanct things │ with s.o. else); (intr.) to precede; to be fast
‫( الرض )البلد( المقدسة‬arḍ) the Holy Land, (clock) │ ‫( قدمَه بين يديه‬baina yadaihi) to
Palestine; ‫( البيت المقدس‬bait) Jerusalem; ‫البيت‬ send s.th. ahead of s.th. else, let s.th.
‫ ال مَقدس‬the Holy Scriptures, the Holy precede s.th. else; ‫( قدم له الثمن‬tamana) to
Bible (Chr.) pay the price to s.o. in advance, advance
‫ مَتقدس‬mutaqaddis hallowed, sanctified, the price to s.o.; ‫( قدم خدمَة‬kidmatan) to
dedicated, consecrated; holy, sacred render a service; ‫( قدم خطوة‬kidmatan) to
2
make a step forward; ‫( قدم الشكر له‬šukra) to
‫ قادس‬qādis Cādiz (seaport in SW Spain) extend one’s thanks to s.o., thank s.o.; ‫قدم‬
3
‫ قادوس‬pl. ‫ قواديس‬look up alphabetically ‫ نفسه الى البوليس‬to give o.s. up to the police;
‫( مَا قدمَت ومَا اخرت‬akkartu) what I have ever
‫ قدم‬qadama u (qadm, ‫ قدوم‬qadūm) to
committed; ‫( مَا قدمَت يداك‬yadāka) what you
precede (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- qadima a (‫ قدوم‬qudūm,
have committed or perpetrated; ‫يقدم رجل‬
‫ قدمَان‬qidmān, ‫ مَقدم‬maqdam) to arrive (‫ هـ‬at
‫ ويؤخر أخرى‬yuqaddimu rijlan wa-yu’akkiru
a place); to come; to get (‫ الى‬or ‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬to
ukrā to hesitate, waver, be undecided; ‫فرق‬
s.o.; ‫ هـ‬to a place). reach (‫ الى‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ على‬s.o.;
‫ شهور لَ تقدم ولَ تؤخر‬farqu šuhūrin lā
‫ هـ‬a place); to have the audacity to do s.th.
tuqaddimu wa-lā tu’akkiru a difference of
(‫ ;)على‬-- qaduma u (qidam) to be old, be
a few months which is of no consequence
ancient II to make or let (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.)
IV to be bold, audacious, daring; to make
precede, go before, or lead the way; to
bold, have the audacity to do s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to ‫( عهده ب‬qidamu ‘ahdihī) his long, standing
venture, risk, undertake, tackle (‫ على‬s.th.), familiarity with
set about s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to brave (‫ على‬s.th.), ‫ قدم‬qadam (usually f.) pl. ‫ اقدام‬aqdām
embark boldly (‫ على‬upon), dare to engage foot (also as a measure of length); step ‫قدم‬
(‫ على‬in), venture upon s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to attack ‫( مَكعبة‬muka‘‘aba) cubic foot; ‫ سمت القدم‬al-
(‫ على‬s.o., s.th.) V to precede (‫ عن‬or ‫ على‬or q. nadir (astron.); ‫ اصبع القدم‬iṣba‘ al-q. toe;
‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., in space and time), go ‫( على قدمَيه‬qadamaihi) on foot (of several:
before s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬,‫ على‬,‫ ;)عن‬to head ( ‫)على القدام‬: ‫ على اطرف قدمَيه‬on tiptoe; ‫على قدم‬
‫ على‬or ‫ هم‬a group of people), be at the head ‫( الحذر‬q. al-ḥadar) anxious, timid, fearful;
(‫ على‬or ‫ هم‬of a group of people); to belong ‫( على قدم الَهبة والَستعداد‬q. il-uhba) in a state
to an earlier, older time; to go forward, of extreme alertness; ‫جرى )قام( على قدم وساق‬
move (for, ward), proceed (‫ نحو‬toward), (wa-sāqin) to become fully effective, be in
advance march (‫ نحو‬against, toward); to full progress, be in full swing; ‫ ليس له قدم‬he
progress, make progress; to come on, has no part in ..., he is not involved in ...
come closer, move nearer (‫ الى‬to); to
approach (‫ الى‬s.o. or s.th.), accost (‫ الى‬s.o.); ‫ قدم‬qudum: ‫( مَضى )سار( قدمَا‬quduman) to
to step up (‫ الى‬to); to present o.s. (‫ بين يديه‬or go straight ahead or forward
‫ الى‬to), step before (‫ بين يديه‬or ‫ ;)الى‬o to ‫ قديم‬qadīm pl. ‫ قدمَاء‬qudamā’2, ‫قدامَى‬
meet, face (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬an opposing team, in qudāmā, ‫ قدائم‬qadā’im2 old, ancient;
sports); to turn, apply (‫ ب ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o. antique; existing from time immemorial,
with a request); to submit (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o. eternally pre-existent, sempiternal; ‫القديم‬
‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., a request); to order, direct, the Infinitely Pre-existent, the
commission (‫ ب الى‬s.o. to do, to bring, etc., Sempiternal, the Eternal (as an attribute of
s.th.) │ ‫ تقدم به‬to further, advance, promote, God) │ ‫ قديما‬qadīman or ‫ في القديم‬in old(en)
improve s.th.; ‫( تقدمَت به السن‬sinnu) to get times, in ancient times, in former times,
older, be advanced in years; ‫ كما تقدم‬already once, of old, of yore; ‫ مَن قديم‬or ‫مَنذ القديم‬
mentioned; ‫غفر ا مَا تقدم مَن ذنبه ومَا تأخر‬ from times of old. by long tradition, of
(danbihī, ta’akkara) God has forgiven all long standing; ‫( قديم العهد ب‬q. al-‘ahd) of
his sins; ‫وقت بغداد مَتقدم ساعتين مَن وقت اوربا‬ long familiarity or acquaintance with, long
‫ الوسطى‬waqtu bagdada mutaqaddimun familiar or acquainted with; of long-
sā‘ataini ‘an waqti ūrubbā l-wusṭā standing experience in, long-experiensed
Baghdad time is two hours ahead of in, (being) a long-time holder of; ‫دراسات‬
Central European time; ‫( تقدم نحوه‬naḥwahū) ‫ قديمة‬classical studies
to step up to s.o.; ‫ تقدم مَنه‬to approach s.o.,
head for s.o.; ‫ تقدم للمَتحان‬to submit o.s. to ‫ قدوم‬qudūm coming, advent, arrival
an examination VI to become antiquated, ‫ قدوم‬qadūm pl. ‫ قدم‬qudum bold,
grow obsolete, get out of date, become audacious, daring, intrepid, undaunted,
old, age │ ‫( تقادم‬zamanu) much time has courageous, brave, valiant
gone by (since); ‫‘( تقادم عهده‬ahduhū) it
happened long ago, it belongs to the put, it ‫ قدوم‬qadūm, qaddūm pl. ‫ قدائم‬qadā’im2,
is of early date X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to come, ‫ قدم‬qudum adz
send (‫ ه‬for s.o.), summon (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ قدام‬quddām fare part, front part;
‫ قدم‬qidm time long since put, old times; quddāma (prep.) in front of
‫ قدمَا‬qidman in old(en) times, in former ‫ قيدوم‬qaidūm prow, bow of a ship
times, once, of old, of yore
‫ اقدم‬aqdam2 older, mare ancient; ‫الَقدمَون‬
‫ قدم‬qidam time long since put, old the ancients
times; remote antiquity, time immemorial;
‫ اقدمَية‬aqdamīya seniority
oldness; ancientness; infinite 748 pre-
existence, sempiternity, timelessness (of ‫ مَقدم‬maqdam coming, advent; arrival
God); seniority │ ‫ مَنذ القدم‬from times of ‫ مَقدام‬miqdām bold, audacious, daring,
old, by long tradition, of long standing; ‫قدم‬ intrepid, undaunted, courageous, brave,
valiant; a military rank, approx.: staff line, forefront, head, lead; advance guard,
sergeant (Eg. 1939) vanguard, van; foreword, preface,
introduction, prologue, proem, preamble;
‫ تقديم‬taqdīm sending forward, sending
prelude; premise
off, dispatching, etc., see II; presentation;
submission, turning in, filing; offering up, ‫ مَتقدم‬mutaqaddim preceding,
oblation; dedication; offer, proffer, tender, antecedent; moving forward, advancing;
bid; memorial; (pl. ‫ تقاديم‬taqādīm) well-advanced; (being) in front, ahead, in
officially established guardianship (Tun.) the fore part; foremost; aforesaid, before-
mentioned; advanced; senior (athlet.) │ ‫الم‬
‫ تقدمَة‬taqdima offer, proffer, tender, bid;
‫( تقدم ذكره‬dikruhū) the aforesaid, the
dedication; (social) introduction,
before-mentioned; (‫مَتقدم في السن )في العمر‬
presentation; offering up, oblation,
(sinn, ‘umr) advanced in age, well along
offertory (Chr.); (pl. -āt, ‫ تقادم‬taqādim2)
in years, old; ‫( مَتقدم على ابانه‬ibbānihī)
present, gift
premature, precipitate, untimely; ‫المتقدمَون‬
‫ اقدام‬iqdām boldness, audacity, daring, ‫( والمتأخرون‬wa-l-muta’akkirūn) the earlier
intrepidity, fearlessness, undauntedness, and the later = all
stoutheartedness, pluck, courage,
(‫ قدو‬and ‫ قدا )قدي‬qadā u (qadw) and ‫ قدي‬qadiya
enterprise, initiative
a (‫ قدى‬qadan, ‫ قداوة‬qadāwa) to be tasty,
‫ تقدم‬taqaddum precedence, priority; savory (food) VIII to imitate, copy (‫ ب‬s.o.,
(ad)vantage, lead; advance, drive, push; s.th.), emulate (‫ ب‬s.o.), follow s.o.’s (‫)ب‬
advancement, progression, progress model or example, be guided (‫ ب‬by)
‫ تقدمَي‬taqaddumī progressive, ‫ قدوة‬qudwa, qidwa model, pattern,
progressionist example, exemplar
‫ تقادم‬taqādum: (‫ تقادم العهد )الزمَن‬t. al-‘ahd ‫ قدي‬qadīy tasty, savory, palatable (food)
(az-zaman) progression or lapse of time;
‫ اقتداء‬iqtidā’ imitation, emulation; ‫اقتداء‬
‫ مَع تقادم الزمَن‬in the course of time
‫ ب‬iqtidā’an bi following the model or
‫ قادم‬qādim pl. -ūn, ‫ قدوم‬qudūm, ‫قدام‬ example of
guddām one arriving, arriver, arrival,
‫ قذة‬qudda pl. ‫ قذذ‬qudad, ‫ قذاذ‬qidād feather of an
newcomer; -- coming, next (e.g., year,
arrow │ ‫( حذو القذة بالقذة‬ḥadwa) exactly
month, and the like)
identical, deceptively alike
‫ مَقدم‬muqaddim offerer, tenderer,
‫ قذر‬qadira a (qadar) and qadura u (‫قذارة‬
presenter, giver, donor │ ‫ مَقدم الطلب‬m. aṭ-
qadāra) to be or become dirty, unclean,
ṭalab applicant 749
filthy II to make dirty, soil, sully,
‫ مَقدم‬muqaddam put before s.th. (‫)على‬, contaminate, pollute, defile (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.)
prefixed, prefaced (‫ على‬to s.th.), X to find or deem (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) dirty,
anteceding, preceding (‫ على‬s.th.); front, unclean, impure, filthy, squalid
face; fore part, front part; prow, bow (of a
‫ قذر‬qadar uncleanliness, impurity; (pl. ‫اق‬
ship); o nose (of an airplane, and the like);
‫ ذار‬aqdār) dirt, filth, squalor
antecedent of a proportion (math.);
overseer, supervisor; foreman; a military ‫ قذر‬qadir, qadr dirty, unclean, impure,
rank, approx.: major (Ir., U.A.R.); filthy, squalid
lieutenant colonel (formerly syr.); ‫ قذر‬qadir dainty, fastidious, squeamish
officially appointed legal guardian (Tun.);
administrator or trustee of a wakf estate ‫ قذارة‬qadāra dirtiness, uncleanliness,
(Tun.); ‫ مَقدم عليه‬a legal minor placed under impurity, filthiness, squalidness
officially established guardianship (Tun.); ‫ قاذورة‬qādūra pl. -āt dirt, filth, squalor;
‫ مَقدمَا‬muqaddaman in advance, beforehand rubbish, garbage; (moral) defilement
‫ مَقدمَة‬muqaddima, muqaddama pl. -āt ‫ مَقاذر‬maqādir2 dirty things, dirt, filth
fore part, front part; front, face; prow, bow
(of a ship); foreground; foremost rank or
‫ قذع‬qada‘a a (qad‘) to defame, malign, vilify (‫ه‬ ‫ قذى‬IV: ‫‘( اقذى عينه‬ainahū) to vex, annoy, gall
s.o.), backbite, wag an evil tongue, make s.o., cause s.o. worry
slanderous remarks ‫ قذى‬qadan (coll.; n. un. ‫ قذاة‬qadāh) s.th.
‫ قذف‬qadafa i (qadf) to throw, cast (‫ ب‬or that gets in one's eye or into a beverage, a
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to throw away, discard (‫ ب‬or ‫هـ‬ floating impurity, mote, speck; foreign
s.th.); to fling, hurl, toss (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to body in the eye │ ‫‘( قذى في عينه‬ainihī) an
hurl down, toss down (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); odious thing, approx.: an eyesore, a thorn
to push, shove (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to in the flesh; ‫( اغضى على القذى‬agḍā) to bear
row, oar (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to eject, emit, annoyance patiently, grin and bear it,
discharge (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to expel (‫ ب‬or ,‫ب‬ swallow the bitter pill; ‫غمض جفونه على القذى‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.); to evict, oust (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to (gammaḍa jufūnahū) do.
drop (‫ ب‬s.th.); to pelt (‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬s.o. with); to ‫ قذى‬qidan pl. ‫ اقذاء‬aqdā’ fine dust; pl. ‫اقذا‬
defame, slander, calumniate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to ‫ ء‬particles floating in the air
accuse (‫ ب ه‬s.o. of), charge (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with);
to vomit │ ‫ قذفه بالقنابل‬to bomb s.th., strafe ‫ قر‬qarra (1st pers. perf. qarartu) i, (1st
s.th. with bombs; ‫ قذف عليه الشتائم‬to hurl pers. perf. qarirtu) a (‫ قرار‬qarār) to settle
abusive language at s.o. II to row, oar 750 down, establish o.s., become settled or
VI to pelt one another (‫ ب‬with); to throw sedentary, take up one's residence, rest,
to each other, throw back and forth (‫هـ‬ abide, dwell, live, reside, remain, stay,
s.th.); to shove around, push around (‫ ه‬or linger (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in, at a place) │ ‫قر الرأي على‬
‫ ب‬s.o.) │ ‫( تقاذفت به المَواج‬amwāju) to be (ra’yu) it was decided to ..., the decision
tossed about by the waves VII to be was reached to …, a resolution was passed
thrown, be cast, be flung, be hurled, be on s.th. or to the effect that; ‫قر رأيه على‬
tossed, be flung off (ra’yuhū) to resolve, determine on s.th.,
make up one’s mind to (do s.th.), decide,
‫ قذف‬qadf defamation; calumny, slander, make a decision for or on or to do s.th.; َ‫ل‬
false accusation (esp., of fornication; Isl. ‫ يقر له حال‬to be flighty, be of unstable
Law); rowing, oaring │ ‫القذف بالقنابل‬ temperament; ‫( لَ يقر له قرار‬qarār) to be
bombing, bombardment; ‫طائرة قذف القنابل‬ restless, restive, uneasy, wavering,
bomber undecided; -- qarra a i (qarr) to be cold,
‫ قذفي‬qadfī slanderous, libelous, chilly, cool │ ‫‘( قر عينا‬ainan) to be of good
defamatory cheer; ‫‘( قرت عينه‬ainuhū) to be glad, be
delighted (‫ ب‬at) II to settle, make
‫ قذاف‬qaddāf: ‫( طيارة قذافة‬ṭayyāra)
sedentary (‫ في ه‬s.o. in, at a place), establish
bomber
(‫ في ه‬s.th. in); to fix, settle, appoint, assign,
‫ قذيفة‬qadīfa pl. ‫ قذائف‬qada’if2 projectile; schedule, determine, stipulate, regulate (‫هـ‬
bomb; shell; fuse, detonator │ ‫قذيفة نسافة‬ s.th.); to decide (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to determine,
(nassāfa) torpedo; ‫( قذيفة يدوية‬yadawīya) resolve, decide (‫ هـ‬on s.th.); to confirm,
hand grenade establish, affirm, aver (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to report,
‫ مَقذف‬miqdaf pl. ‫ مَقاذف‬maqādif2 oar, relate, tell (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make a report, give
paddle a paper (‫ عن‬on); to make a statement; to
force s.o. (‫ )ه‬to confess or acknowledge
‫ مَقذاف‬miqdāf pl. ‫ مَقاذيف‬maqādīf2 oar, s.th. (‫ على‬or ‫)ب‬, make s.o. (‫ )ه‬confess or
paddle acknowledge s.th. (‫ على‬or ‫ )ب‬IV to settle,
‫ تقذيف‬taqdīf rowing, oaring make sedentary (‫ في هـ‬s.o. in, at a place),
establish (‫ في هـ‬s.th. in); to safeguard (‫هـ‬
‫ قاذفة‬qādifa: ‫ قاذفة القنابل‬pl. ‫قاذفات القنابل‬ s.th.); to have (‫ ه‬s.o.) sit down, seat (‫ ه‬s.o.,
bomber; ‫ قاذفة اللهب‬q. al-lahab or ‫قاذفة النار‬ ‫ في‬in, in a seat); to set up, institute (‫هـ‬
flame thrower s.th.); to found, establish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ مَقذوف‬maqdūf pl. ‫ مَقاذيف‬maqādīf2 and install, instate (‫ في‬s.o. in an office); to
‫ مَقذوفة‬maqdūfa pl. -āt missile; projectile confirm, establish, affirm, aver (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to agree, consent (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬to); to
‫ قذال‬qadāl pl. ‫ قذل‬qudul, ‫ اقذلة‬aqdila occiput
acknowledge, own (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
confess, avow, admit (‫ ب‬s.th.), own (‫ ب‬to ‫ قرة العين‬qurrat al-‘ain consolation for
s.th.); to concede, 751 grant (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب ل‬to the eye; delight of the eye; joy, pleasure,
s.o. s.th.) │ ‫‘( اقر عينه‬ainahū) (to cool s.o.’s delight; darling; (bot.) cress
eye =) to gladden, delight s.o. V to be ‫ قرار‬qarār sedentariness, settledness,
fixed, be settled, be appointed, be stationariness, sedentation; fixedness,
scheduled, be determined, be regulated, be fixity; firmness, solidity; steadiness,
stipulated, be decided; to resolve itself constancy, continuance, permanency,
(situation) X to settle down, establish o.s. stability; repose, rest, stillness; duration;
become settled or sedentary, take up one’s abode, dwelling, habitation; residence;
residence (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in. at a place); to come resting place; bottom (e.g., of a
to rest (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in, at a place); to rest, receptacle); depth (of the sea); (pl. -āt)
abide, dwell, live, reside, remain, stay, decision, resolution │ ‫( لَ قرار له‬lā qarāra)
linger (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in, at a place, ‫ الى‬with s.o.); inconstant, changeable, unstable;
to be firmly embedded, got stuck, get bottomless, unfathomable, immeasurable;
lodged (‫ في‬in); to be firm, solid, enduring, ‫ دار القرار‬the hereafter, the world to come;
durable, lasting, stable; to become O ‫ قرار الموجه‬q. al-maujah wave trough
stabilized, stabilize, be consolidated (techn.); ‫ قرارات التعديل‬modifying
(situation, conditional; ultimately to attain regulations
(‫ على‬a state or condition), finally find a
firm position (‫ على‬in); to become finally ( ‫ قرارة‬qarāra bottom; low ground,
‫ على‬s.th.), ultimately turn into s.th. (‫;)على‬ depression, depth │ ‫( في قرارة النفس‬q. in-
to be established, settled, fixed; to be nafs) in the depth of the heart
stationary │ ‫( استقر خاطره على‬kāṭiruhū) his ‫ قرير‬qarīr: ‫ قرير العين‬q. al-‘ain happy,
mind dwelled on …; ‫( استقر الرأي على‬ra’yu) gratified, delighted, glad
it was decided to the decision was reached
to ...; a resolution was passed on s.th. or to ‫ قارورة‬qārūra pl. ‫ قوارير‬qawārīr22 long-
the effect that; ‫( استقر رأيه على‬ra’yuhū) to necked bottle
resolve, determine on s.th., make up one’s ‫ مَقر‬maqarr pl. ‫ مَقار‬maqārr2 abode,
mind to (do s.th.), decide, make a decision dwelling, habitation; residence; storage
for or on or to do s.th.; ‫ استقر له المَور‬his place; seat center; site, place; station;
situation had stabilized; ‫لا يستقر له قرار‬ position (at sea) │ ‫ مَقر العمل‬m. al-‘amal
(qarārun) to be restless, restive, uneasy, place of employment; ‫مَقر القيادة‬
wavering, undecided; ‫لم نستقر بعد على حال‬ headquarters; ‫ مَقر الوظيفة‬official seat, seat
(ba‘du) we haven’t yet arrived at, a lasting of office
solution, we haven’t yet attained a
definitive position; ‫ استقر امَره على‬he finally ‫ تقرير‬taqrīr establishment, settlement;
became ..., he ended up as ...; ‫استقر في نفسه‬ fixation; appointment, assignment,
to be a positive fact with s.o., be beyond regulation, arrangement, stipulation;
doubt for s.o.; (‫استقر به المقام )المكان‬ determination; decision; (pl. ‫تقارير‬
(muqāmu, makānu) to settle down taqārīr2) report, account │ ‫تقرير المصير‬
permanently; to sit down; not to move self-determination (pol.); ‫حق الشعوب في‬
from one’s seat; ‫( استقر به المجلس‬majlisu) to ‫( تقرير مَصيرها‬ḥaqq aš-š.) the right of
sit down, get seated, take a seat; ‫استقر به‬ peoples to self-determination; ‫تقرير الحالة‬
‫ الحال‬to be firmly established, be settled; to 752 ‫( الجوية‬gawwīya) weather report; ‫تقرير‬
be in a secure position ‫ الشرطة‬t. aš-šurṭa police report

‫ قر‬qarr cold, chilly, cool ‫ إقرار‬iqrār settling, settlement (of


nomads); setting up, institution,
‫ قر‬qurr cold, coldness, chilliness, establishment; foundation; installation,
coolness instatement; delivery of a confirmation or
‫ قرة‬qirra cold, coldness, chilliness, assurance; confirmation, affirmation,
coolness averment; assurance; acknowledgment;
confession, avowal, admission
‫ استقرار‬istiqrār sedentariness, ‫ قراءة‬qirā’a pl. -āt recitation, recital
settledness, stationariness, sedentation; (esp. of the Koran); reading (also, e.g., of
remaining, abiding, lingering, stay, measuring instruments; parl.); manner of
sojourn; settling, settlement, recitation, punctuation and vocalization of
establishment; steadiness, constancy, the Koranic text │ ‫ قراءة الكف‬q. al-kaff
continuance, permanency; strengthening, chiromancy, palmistry
consolidation, stabilization, stability; ‫ القرآن‬al-qur’ān the Koran
repose, rest, stillness
‫ قرآني‬qur’ānī Koranic, of or pertaining
‫ قار‬qārr sedentary, settled, resident; to the Koran
standing, permanent; fixed, stationary;
cold, chilly, cool │ ‫الداءات )غير( القارة‬ ‫ استقراء‬istiqrā’ pl. -āt investigation,
(adā’āt) (in)direct taxes (magr.); ‫لجنة قارة‬ examination, exploration; see also under
(lajna) permanent committee, standing ‫قرو‬
committee ‫ استقرائي‬istiqrā’ī see under ‫قرو‬
‫ قارة‬qārra pl. -āt continent, mainland ‫ قارئ‬qārī’ pl. -ūn, ‫ قراء‬qurrā’ reciter
‫ مَقرر‬muqarrir pl. -ūn reporter (in (esp. of the Koran); reader │ ‫ قارئ الكف‬q.
general and of a newspaper) al-kaff chiromancer, palmist
‫ مَقرر‬muqarrar established, settled; ‫ مَقروء‬maqrū’ read (past part.); legible,
fixed, determined, decided, appointed, readable; worth reading
assigned, scheduled, regulated, stipulated, ‫ مَقرئ‬muqri’ reciter of the Koran
decreed; (pl. -āt) curriculum; ‫مَقررات‬
decisions │ ‫ مَقرر الميزانية‬m. al-mīzānīya the ‫ قراج‬qarāž pl. -āt (Saudi Arabian spelling)
proposed budget; ‫ حقيقة مَقررة‬accomplished garage
fact; ‫ امَوال مَقررة‬direct taxes 1
‫ قرب‬qaruba u (qurb, ‫ مَقربة‬maqraba) to be near
‫ مَستقر‬mustaqirr sedentary, settled, (‫ الى‬or ‫ مَن‬to s.o., to s.th.); to come near,
resident; firmly established, deep-seated, get close (‫ الى‬or ‫ مَن‬to s.o., to s.th.), close
deep-rooted; fixed, immobile, stationary; in (‫ الى‬or ‫ مَن‬on s.o., on s.th.), approach
firm, solid, enduring, durable, lasting, 753
stable (‫ الى‬or ‫ مَن‬s.o., s.th.); to approximate (‫الى‬
‫ مَستقر‬mustaqarr abode, dwelling, or ‫ مَن‬s.th.); - qariba a to be near (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to
habitation; residence; seat; resting place s.o., to s.th.); to come near, get close (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
to s.o., to s.th.), close in (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬on s.o., on
‫ قرأ‬qara’a a (‫ قراءة‬qirā’a) to declaim, recite (‫هـ‬ s.th.), approach (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
s.th., esp. the Koran; ‫ هـ على‬to s.o. s.th.); to approximate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to draw near, be
read (‫ هـ‬s.th.; ‫ هـ ل‬or ‫ على‬s.o. s.th.); to coming on, approach │ ‫مَا يقرب مَن‬
peruse (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to study (‫ هـ هـ على‬under (yaqrubu) (with foll. figure)
s.o. s.th.) │ ‫( قرأ عليه السلم‬salāma) to greet, approximately, about, some, circa II to
salute s.o.; to extend greeting, to s.o.; ‫قرأ‬ cause or allow (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) to come
‫ حسابه ل‬to reckon with s.th., take s.th. into near or get close (‫ الى‬or ‫ مَن‬to s.th.), make
account; ‫( قرأ له الف حساب‬alfa ḥ.) to have a or let (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) approach (‫ الى‬or ‫مَن‬
thousand apprehensions about s.th. IV to s.th.), bring close (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫ الى‬or ‫مَن‬
make or have (‫ ه‬s.o.) read (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to to s.th.), advance, move (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫الى‬
teach (‫ ه‬s.o.) the art of reciting (‫ ه‬s.th.); to or ‫ مَن‬toward s.th.), approximate (o s.th.;
teach (‫ ه‬s.o.) how to read (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫اقرأه‬ ‫ الى‬or ‫ مَن‬to); to bring home (‫ هـ مَن‬or ‫ الى‬to
‫( السلم‬salāma) to extend greetings to s.o. s.o. s.th., e.g., an idea); to take as associate
X to ask s.o. (‫ )ه‬to recite or read; to or companion (‫ مَن ه‬s.o. for o.s.); to bring
investigate, examine, explore (‫ هـ‬s.th.), closer to comprehension, reveal more
search (‫ هـ‬into s.th.); to study thoroughly ( fully (‫ هـ‬s.th.), clarify the concept,
‫ هـ‬s.th.) facilitate the understanding (‫ هـ‬of s.th.) ; to
‫ قرء‬qur’ pl. ‫ قروء‬qurū’ menses, offer up, present (‫ هـ ل‬to God as sacrifice);
menstruation (Chr.) to administer Communion (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to sheathe, put into the scabbard (‫هـ‬ long ago, the other day; ‫قريب العهد ب‬
the sword) │ ‫ قرب بينهم‬to bring people having adopted or acquired s.th. very
closer together, make peace among recently; not long familiar or acquainted
people, reconcile people III to be near ( ,‫هـ‬ with s.th., inexperienced at s.th., a novice
‫ ه‬to s.o., to s.th.); to come near, come in s.th.; ‫ قريب التناول‬q. at-tanāwul easy to
close, get close (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), close understand
in (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬on s.o., on s.th.), approach (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ ‫ قراب‬qirāb pl. ‫ قرب‬qurub, ‫ اقربة‬aqriba
s.o., s.th.); to approximate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be sheath, scabbard (of a .word); receptacle,
almost equivalent (‫ هـ‬with s.th.), amount container, case, etui, covering
to almost the same thing (‫ هـ‬as s.th.); to be
on the point (‫ ان‬of doing s.th.), be about ( ‫ قرابة‬qarāba relation, relationship,
‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to bring (close) together (‫بين‬ kinship 754
‫ – و‬different things) V to approach (‫ مَن‬or ‫ قرابة‬qurāba: ‫ قرابة ثلثة اعوام‬qurabata
‫ الى‬s.o., s.th.), come or get near s.o., near talātati a‘wām almost three years
s.th. (‫ مَن‬or ‫)الى‬, come close, get close (‫مَن‬
or ‫ الى‬to s.o.), gain access (‫ مَن‬or ‫ الى‬to ‫ قربان‬qurbān pl. ‫ قرابين‬qarābīn2
s.o.); to seek to gain s.o.’s (‫ )الى‬favor, sacrifice, offering, immolation, oblation;
curry favor (‫ الى‬with s.o.); (Chr.) to Mass (Chr.); Eucharist (Chr.) │ ‫قربان الشكر‬
receive Communion VI to be or come near q. aš-šukr thank offering; ‫‘ عيد القربان‬īd al-
each other, approach one another, q. Corpus Christi (Chr.); ‫تناول القربان‬
approximate each other VIII to approach ( (tanāwala) to receive Communion (Chr.);
‫ مَن‬s.o., s.th.), come, advance, or get near ‫ رفع القربان على‬or ‫( قدم القربان على‬qaddama) to
s.o. or s.th. (‫)مَن‬, come close, get close (‫مَن‬ read Mass for s.o. (Chr.)
to) X to find near, regard as near (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ قربانة‬qurbāna Host; Communion (Chr.)
‫ قرب‬qurb nearness, closeness, ‫ اقرب‬aqrab2 nearer, nearest, next; more
proximity, vicinity; qurba (prep.) in the probable, more likely; probable, likely; pl.
vicinity of, near, toward │ ‫قرب الظهر‬ ‫ اقربون‬aqrabūn, ‫ اقارب‬aqārib2 relations,
qurba ẓ-ẓuhr toward noon; ‫ بقرب‬or ‫بالقرب‬ relatives │ ‫( اقرب الى الفهم‬fahm) easier to
‫ مَن‬in the vicinity of, near, close to; ‫عن قرب‬ understand, more comprehensible; ‫هم اقرب‬
from a short distance, from close up (‫( الى الصحة )الصواب‬ṣiḥḥa, ṣawab) it is quite
‫ قربة‬qirba pl. -āt, ‫ قرب‬qirab waterskin; probable, it is fairly correct, it is rather
-- (pl. ‫ قرب‬qirab) bagpipe exact, it comes fairly close to the troth; ‫في‬
(‫ اقرب وقت )مَمكن‬fī aqrabi waqtin
‫ قربى‬qurbā relation, relationship, (mumkinin) or ‫( باقرب مَا يمكن‬yumkinu) as
kinship │ ‫ ذو القربى‬pl. ‫ ذوو القربى‬dawū l-q. soon as possible, in the shortest time
relative, relation possible
‫ قريب‬qarīb near (in place and time), ‫ مَقرب‬maqrab pl. ‫ مَقارب‬maqārib2 nearest
nearby, close at hand; in the neighborhood or shortest way, short cut
or vicinity (‫ الى‬or ‫ مَن‬of s.o., of s.th.), close
(‫ الى‬or ‫ مَن‬to s.o., to s.th.), adjacent (‫ الى‬or ‫ مَقربة‬maqraba, maqruba nearness,
‫ مَن‬to s.th.); easily understood, simple; (pl. closeness, proximity, vicinity; (pl. ‫مَقارب‬
‫ اقرباء‬aqribā’2) relative, relation; ‫قريبا‬ maqārib2) nearest or shortest way, short
qarīban soon, before long, shortly, in the cut │ ‫ على مَقربة‬nearby, close at hand; ‫على‬
near future; recently, lately, not long ago, ‫ مَقربة‬in the vicinity of, near, close to
the other day │ ‫ مَن قريب‬and ‫عما قريب‬ ‫ تقريب‬taqrīb approximation │ ‫تقريبا‬
(‘ammā q.) soon, before long, shortly, in taqrīban, ‫ بوجه التقريب‬,‫ بالتقريب‬bi-wajh t-t. or
the near future; ‫ لَ – مَن قريب او بعيد‬not -- in ‫ على التقريب‬approximately, almost, nearly,
the least, not by a far cry; ‫ في القريب العاجل‬in roughly, about; ‫ مَحسوس تقريبا‬just barely
the immediate future; ‫قريب مَن الحسن‬ perceptible
(ḥasan) fair, fairly good (as a school-
report grade); ‫ قريب العهد‬q. al-‘ahd recent, ‫ تقريبي‬taqrībī approximate,
new, young; ‫ مَن عهد قريب‬since recently, of approximative
late, of a recent date; recently, lately, not
‫ تقرب‬taqarrub approach; approximation ‫ قريحة‬qarīḥa pl. ‫ قرائح‬qarā’iḥ2 natural
(‫ مَن‬to) disposition, innate disposition, bent;
genius, talent, gift, faculty
‫ تقارب‬taqārub mutual approach; mutual
approximation; rapprochement ‫ تقرح‬taqarruḥ ulceration
‫ اقتراب‬iqtirāb approach; approximation ‫ اقتراح‬iqtirāḥ invention, improvisation;
(pl. -āt) proposition, proposal, suggestion;
‫ مَقرب‬muqarrab pl. -ūn close
motion
companion, favorite, protégé, intimate
‫ مَقرح‬muqarraḥ covered with ulcers,
‫ مَقارب‬muqārib approximate,
ulcerous, ulcerated
approximative, estimated; mediocre,
medium, of medium quality ‫ مَتقرح‬mutaqarriḥ covered with ulcers,
ulcerous, ulcerated; ulcerating, festering
‫ مَتقارب‬mutaqārib close together,
following in close intervals, consecutive, ‫ مَقترح‬muqtaraḥ pl. -āt proposition,
successive, subsequent; ‫ المتقارب‬name of a proposal, suggestion; motion
poetical meter ‫ قرد‬qird pl. ‫ قردة‬qirada, ‫ قرود‬qurūd ape,
2
‫ قارب‬qārib pl. ‫ قوارب‬qawārib boat, skiff │ monkey
‫ قارب‬q. az-zubda (eg.) sauceboat for ‫ قرد‬qurd (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬tick (zool.)
melted butter; ‫( قارب‬musallaḥ) gunboat;
‫ قارب النجاة‬q. an-najāh lifeboat; ‫قارب التنقيب‬ ‫ قراد‬qurād (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫قردان‬
‫ عن اللغام‬mine sweeper; ‫قارب ناري‬ qirdān tick, ticks (zool.) │ ‫ ابو قردان‬abū q.
motorboat (eg.) white egret (zool.)
‫ قواربي‬qawāribī boatman ‫ مَقرود‬maqrūd exhausted
‫ قربوس‬qarabūs (qarbūs) pl. ‫ قرابيس‬qarābīs2 ‫ قريدس‬quraidis (syr.) shrimp (zool.)
saddlebow ‫ قرس‬qarasa a (qaras) to he severe, fierce,
‫ قربينة‬qarabīna pl. -āt carbine biting, grim (the cold) II to freeze, make
torpid, (be)numb, nip (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.; of
‫ قرح‬qaraḥa a (qarḥ) to wound (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- the cold)
qariḥa a (qaraḥ) to ulcerate, fester; to be
covered with ulcers, be ulcerous II to ‫ قارس‬qāris severe, fierce, biting, grim
wound (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to ulcerate, fester; to be (of the cold); very cold, bitterly cold,
covered with ulcers, be ulcerous VIII to freezing, frozen
invent, originate, think up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ قرش‬qaraša i u (qarš) to gnash, grind (one’s
improvise, extemporize, deliver off-hand ( teeth); to nibble, crunch, chew (‫ هـ‬s.th.); --
‫ هـ‬a speech); to demand in a brash or qaraša i (qarī), II and VIII to earn money,
imperious manner (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب على‬of s.o. make a living (‫ لعياله‬li-‘iyālihī for one’s
s.th.); to propose, suggest (‫ هـ على‬to s.o. family)
s.th.)
‫ قرش‬qirš shark (zool.); (pl. ‫ قروش‬qurūš)
‫ قرح‬garḥ pl. ‫ قروح‬qurūḥ wound; ulcer, piaster │ ‫( قرش صاغ‬eg., = ½ Eg. pound)
sore standard piaster; ‫( قرش تعريفة‬eg., = ½ ‫قرش‬
‫ قرح‬qariḥ covered with ulcers, ‫ )صاغ‬little piaster
ulcerous, ulcerated; ulcerating, festering ‫ قريش‬quraiš Koreish, name of an ‫هـ‬rab
‫ قرحة‬qarḥa pl. ‫ قرح‬qiraḥ ulcer, sore; tribe in ancient Mecca
abscess, boil │ ‫( القرحة الرخوة‬rakwa) soft ‫ قرشي‬qurašī of, pertaining to, or
chancre, chancroid (med.) belonging to the Koreish tribe; Koreishite
‫ قراح‬qarāḥ pure, limpid, clear (esp. ‫ قريش‬qarīš, ‫ قريشة‬qarīša sour cheese
water) 755
‫ مَقرش‬muqriš rich, well-to-do,
‫ قريح‬qarīḥ pure, limpid, clear (esp. prosperous, wealthy, moneyed
water)
‫ قرص‬qaraṣa u (qarṣ) to pinch, nip, tweak (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ extinct; to perish VIII to raise a loan (‫مَن‬
s.o., s.th.); to scratch (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to with), borrow (‫ مَن‬from) X to ask for a
bite, sting (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a gnat, flea, and the loan (‫ مَن‬s.o.)
like) │ ‫( قرصه بلسانه‬bi-lisānihī to hurt s.o. ‫ قرض‬qarḍ (qirḍ) pl. ‫ قروض‬qurūḍ loan
with words II to pinch or nip sharply, │ ‫( قرض حسن‬ḥasan) interest-free loan with
tweak (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to scratch all over ( unstipulsted due dste; ‫( قرض مَالي‬mālī)
‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to shape into round, flat (monetary) loan; ‫ اسهم القرض‬ashum al-q.
loaves (‫ العجين‬the dough) bonds
‫ قرص‬qurṣ pl. ‫ اقراص‬aqrāṣ round, flat ‫ قريض‬qarīḍ poetry
loaf of bread; (flat, circular) plate, disk,
discus; phonograph record, disc; sheave, ‫ قراضة‬qurāḍa pl. -āt chips, shreds,
pulley (mech.); tablet, pastille, lozenge, parings, shavings, scraps; iron filings
troche │ ‫ قرص الرقام‬dial (of a telephone); ‫ا‬ ‫ قراضة‬qarrāḍa clothes moth
‫ قراص عجوة‬a. ‘ajwa a pastry mode of rich
dough with almonds and date paste (syr.); ‫ مَقراض‬miqrāḍ pl. ‫ مَقاريض‬maqārīḍ2
‫ قرص عسل‬q. ‘asal honeycomb; ‫جلب النار‬ scissors
‫( لقرصه‬nāra) approx.: to feather one’s nest, ‫ انقراض‬inqirāḍ dying out, gradual
have an eye out for one’s own interest, disappearance; extinction
know on which side one’s bread is
buttered ‫ اقتراض‬iqtirāḍ loan

‫ قرصي‬qurṣī: ‫ قرصي الشكل‬q. aš-šakl disk- ‫ استقراض‬istiqrāḍ raising of a loan; loan


like, disk-shaped, discoid, discous ‫ القوارض‬al-qawāriḍ the rodents
‫ قرصة‬qurṣa pl. ‫ قرص‬quraṣ round, flat ‫ مَقرض‬muqriḍ pl. -ūn moneylender;
loaf of bread lender
‫ قرصة‬qarṣa pl. qaraṣāt pinch, nip, ‫ مَنقرض‬munqariḍ extinct, exterminated,
tweak; bite, sting (of s gnat, lies, and the perished
like); crowbar, pinch bar, handspike, lever
‫ قرط‬qaraṭa u (qarṭ) to cut into small
‫ قريص‬qurraiṣ stinging nettle (Urtica pieces, chop, mince (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II do.; to
urens L.; bot.) snuff, trim (‫ هـ‬a candle, a wick); to
‫ قراصة‬qarrāṣa pincers, nippers squeeze (‫ على‬s.th.); (eg.) to urge, ply (‫على‬
s.o.); to be stern, be strict (‫ على‬with s.o.);
‫ قراصية‬qarāṣīya (syr.) small, black to beset, harass, press hard (‫ على‬s.o.); to
plums; (eg.) prunes 756 give little (‫ على‬to s.o.), be illiberal, be
‫ قارص‬qāriṣ, biting; stinging; painful, stingy (‫ على‬with s.o.), scrimp (‫ على‬s.o.)
nipping, tormenting (e.g., cold) │ ‫قوارص‬ ‫ قرط‬qurṭ pl. ‫ اقراط‬aqrāṭ, ‫ قراط‬qirāṭ, ‫قروط‬
‫ الكلمات‬q. al-kalimāt biting words qurūṭ earring; eardrop, pendant for the ear
‫ قرصنة‬qarṣana piracy, robbery on the high seas ‫ تقريطة‬taqrīṭa pl. ‫ تقاريط‬taqārīṭ2 wrapper
freebooting worn by women (tun.)
‫ قرصان‬qurṣān pl. ‫ قراصن‬qarāṣin2, ‫قراصين‬ 2
‫ قيراط‬pl. ‫ قراريط‬look up alphabetically
qarāṣīn2 corsair, pirate, freebooter
‫ قرطاجنة‬see ‫قرطجنة‬
‫ قرض‬qaraḍ i (qarḍ) to cut, sever, cut off, clip (
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to gnaw (‫ هـ‬s.th. or on s.th.), ‫ قرطاس‬qirṭās pl. ‫ قراطيس‬qarāṭīs2 paper; sheet of
nibble (‫ هـ‬s.th. or at s.th.), bite, champ (‫هـ‬ paper; paper bag
s.th.), eat (‫ هـ‬into s.th.), corrode (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ قرطبة‬qurṭuba2 Cordova (city in Spain)
‫( قرض رباطه‬ribāṭahū) to die; ‫قرض الشعر‬
‫ قرطجنة‬qarṭajanna2, ‫ قرطاجنة‬Carthage
(ši‘ra) to write poetry, make verses II = I;
IV to loan, lend, or advance, money (‫ ه‬to ‫ قرطس‬qarṭas paper; sheet of paper
s.o.); to lend (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) VI ‫تقارضوا‬ ‫ قرطم‬qarṭama to cut off, clip (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫( الثناء‬tanā’a) they competed in the recital
of eulogies VII to die out; to become
‫ قرطم‬qirṭim, qurṭum safflower ‫ قرعة‬qar‘a (n. vic.) knock, rap, blow,
(Carthamus tinctorius; bot.) stroke, thump; -- (n. un.) gourd, pumpkin;
skull, head
‫ قرطمان‬qurṭumān oats
‫ قرعي‬qar‘ī gourd-, pumpkin- (in
‫ قرظ‬II to praise, commend, laud, extol, acclaim
compounds), cucurbitaceous
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to eulogize (‫ هـ‬s.th.), lavish praise
(‫ هـ‬on) ‫ قرعة‬qur‘a pl. ‫ قرع‬qura‘ lot; ballot; lot-
casting; (mil.) conscription, recruitment
‫ قرظ‬qaraẓ pods of a species of sant tree
(by lot), balloting │ ‫قرعة عسكرية‬
(Acacia nilotica; bot.)
(‘askarīya) enlistment, draft, recruitment
‫ قريظ‬qarīẓ eulogy, encomium, (mil.); ‫ انفار القرعة‬drafted recruits
panegyric
‫ قراع‬qurā‘, ‫ مَرض القراع‬maraḍ al-qurā‘ a
‫ تقريظ‬taqrīẓ pl. -āt, ‫ تقاريظ‬taqārīẓ2 skin disease, ringworm (med.)
eulogy, encomium, panegyric
‫ قريع‬qar‘ exquisite, select │ ‫ قريع الدهر‬q.
‫ قرع‬qara‘a a (qar‘) to knock, rap (‫ هـ‬at ad-dahr the greatest hero of his time
s.th.); to hit, bump (‫ هـ‬s.th. or against
‫ اقرع‬aqra‘2 bald; baldheaded; empty,
s.th.); to strike, beat, thump (‫ هـ‬against
bare, stark; scabby, scurfy
s.th.; ‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬s.o., s.th. with; ‫ ب على‬with
s.th. on or s.th. else); to thrash. spank ( ‫ب ه‬ ‫ مَقرعة‬miqra‘a pl. ‫ مَقارع‬maqāri‘2
‫ ه‬s.o. with); to clink, touch (‫ هـ‬glasses); to knocker, rapper (of a door); whip, switch;
757 ring, sound (e s.th.); -- qari‘a (qara‘) cudgel, club
to be or become bald(headed); to be ‫ تقريع‬taqrī‘ chiding, scolding, reproof,
empty, bare, stark (place) │ ‫قرع الجرس‬ rebuke, censure
(jarasa) to ring the bell; ‫قرع سمعه‬
(sam‘ahū) to reach s.o.’s ear; ‫قرع سنه‬ ‫ مَقارعة‬muqāra‘a fight, struggle (with
(sinnahū) to gnash one’s teeth; ‫قرع سن الندم‬ genit. = against)
(‫( ل )على‬sinna n-nadam) to repent s.th.; ‫ اقتراع‬iqtirā‘ pl. -āt balloting,
‫ قرعه ضميره‬ḍamīrahū) his conscience recruitment, draft (mil.); vote (‫ على‬on);
tormented or smote him, he had a guilty election
conscience, he felt grave compunctions;
‫( قرع الكأس‬ka’sa) to touch glasses, drink to ‫ قارعة‬qāri‘a pl. ‫ قوارع‬qawāri‘2 (sudden)
s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬health II to scold, chide, opbraid misfortune, calamity; adversity; ‫ القارعة‬the
(‫ ه‬s.o.), snap (‫ ه‬at s.o.); to rebuke, blame, hour of the Last Judgment │ ‫قارعة الطريق‬
censure (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to fight, come to blows middle of the road, roadway; road,
(‫ ه‬with s.o.); to bottle, fight (‫ ه‬s.o.); to highway; ‫( على قارعة الطرق‬ṭuruq) on the
contend by force of arms (‫ ه عن‬with s.o. open road
for s.th.); to cast or draw lots (‫ ه‬with s.o.) ‫ قرف‬qarafa i (qarf) to peel, pare, bark, derind (
VI to hump against each other, clash; to ‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- qarifa a (qaraf) to loathe (‫هـ‬
cast lots among each other (‫ على‬for) VIII s.th.), feel disgust (‫ هـ‬for), be nauseated (‫هـ‬
to cast lots among each other (‫ على‬for); to by) II to peel, pare, bark, derind (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
vote, take a vote (‫ على‬on); to draw lots (‫ه‬ to be loathsome, arouse disgust III to let
for s.o.). choose by lot (‫ ه‬s.o.); to muster, o.s. be tempted (‫ هـ‬to a sin), yield (e to a
recruit (‫ ه‬s.o.; mil.); to elect (‫هـ‬, s.o., s.th.) desire) VIII to commit, perpetrate (‫ هـ‬a
‫ قرع‬qar‘ knock(ing), rap(ping), beating, crime)
striking, thumping; ring(ing) ‫ قرف‬qaraf loathing, disgust, detestation
‫ قرع‬qar‘ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬gourd, pumpkin ‫ قرفة‬qirfa pl. ‫ قرف‬qiraf rind, bark, skin,
│ ‫( قرع صروف‬eg.) bottle gourd, calabash crust; scab, scurf; cinnamon
(Lagenaria vulgaris Ser.; bot.); ‫ قرع كوسى‬q.
kūsā (eg., syr.) zucchini (bot.) ‫ قرافة‬qarāfa (eg.) cemetery, specif.,
graveyard below the Mokattam Hills near
‫ قرع‬qara‘ boldness, boldheadedness; Cairo
emptiness, bareness, starkness
‫ قريفة‬qarīfa ill humor, ill temper
‫ قرفان‬qarfān (eg.) disgusted, nauseated, ‫ قرام‬qirām blanket, carpet, curtain
sink and tired ‫ مَقرم‬miqram pl. ‫ مَقارم‬maqārim2
‫ اقتراف‬iqtirāf commission, perpetration bedcover, bedspread.
(of a crime) 758 2
‫ قرمَة‬qurma pl. ‫ قرم‬quram (eg.) tree stump;
‫ مَقرف‬muqrif loathsome, disgusting, log, block of wood; chopping block
nauseating, repulsive, detestable 3
‫ القرم‬al-qirim and ‫ القريم‬al-qirīm the Crimea
‫ مَقترف‬muqtarif perpetrator (of a crime) ‫ قرمَد‬qarmada to plaster, coat with plaster (‫هـ‬
‫ قرفص‬qarfaṣa to squat on the ground (with s.th.); to tile, cover with tile (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
thighs against the stomach and arms ‫ قرمَد‬qarmad (coll.) plaster; plaster of
enfolding the legs) Paris
‫ قرفصاء‬qurfuṣā’2 squatting, squatting ‫ قرمَيد‬qirmīd (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫قرامَيد‬
position │ ‫( جلس )قعد( القرفصاء‬qurfuṣā’a) to qarāmīd2 (fired) brick, roof tile; plaster of
squat on one’s heels Paris
‫ قرفال‬qarfāl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬vetch ‫ قرمَز‬qirmiz kermes (the dried bodies of the
‫ قرق‬qaraqa u (qarq) to cluck (hen) female kermes insect, coccus ilicis, which
yield a red dyestuff)
‫ قرقذان‬qarqadān squirrel
‫ قرمَزي‬qirmizī crimson, carmine; scarlet
‫ قرقر‬qarqara (‫ قرقرة‬qarqara) to roll; to rumble
│ ‫( الحمى القرمَزي‬ḥummā) scarlet fever
(stomach); to bray (camel); to coo
(med.)
(pigeon); to purr (cat)
‫ قرمَش‬qarmaša (eg.) to eat s.th. dry (‫)هـ‬,
‫ قرقرة‬qarqara pl. ‫ قراقر‬qarāqir2
crunch, nibble
rumbling noise (in the stomach); gurgle;
braying (of a camel); cooing (of a pigeon); ‫ مَقرمَش‬muqarmaš dry, crisp
purr(ing) (of a cat) 1
‫ قرمَطي‬qarmaṭī Karmathian (adj. and n.); pl. ‫قر‬
2
‫ قرقوش‬qarqūš pl. ‫ قراقيش‬qarāqīš cartilage ‫ امَطة‬qarāmiṭa Karmathians
‫ قرقوشة‬qarqūša pl. ‫ قراقيش‬qarāqīš2 (eg.) 2
‫ قرمَوط‬qarmūṭ pl. ‫ قرامَيط‬qarāmīṭ2 a variety of
a kind of crisp cookies sheatfish (zool.; Eg.)
‫ مَقرقش‬muqarqaš (eg.) crisp(ed) ‫ قرن‬qarana i (qarn) to connect, link,
join, unite, combine, associate (‫ الى‬or ‫ب هـ‬
‫ قرقض‬qarqaḍa (eg.) to gnaw, bite (‫ هـ‬on s.th.)
s.th. with); to add (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to); to
│ ‫ قرقض على اسنانه‬to gnash one’s teeth
couple, yoke together, hitch together, put
‫ قرقع‬qarqa‘a to be noisy, boisterous; to creak, together, bind together (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to
grate; to crack, pop │ ‫بالضحك( قرقع ضاحكا‬ unite, join forces, associate (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
or) (ḍaḥk) to burst into loud laughter, be simultaneous, go hand in hand (‫ هـ‬with
laugh noisily, guffaw; ‫( قرقع بسوطه‬bi- s.th.); to compare (‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬or ‫ وبين‬-- ‫ بين‬s.o.,
sauṭihī) to crack the whip s.th. with; ‫ بين شيئين‬two things with one
‫ قرقعة‬qarqa‘a uproar, din, noise; another), draw a parallel (‫ وبين‬-- ‫بين‬
creaking, creaks, grating; crack(ing), between -- and; ‫ بين شيئين‬between two
pop(ping); rumble, rumbling things) IV to combine, 759 interrelate ( ‫بين‬
‫ شيئين‬two things) VIII to be connected, be
‫ قرقوز‬qaraqōz (from Turk. karagöz) chief linked, be joined, be united, be combined,
character of the Turkish shadow play be associated (‫ ب‬with); to combine,
‫ قرقول‬see ‫قرة قرقول‬ associate, unite (‫ ب‬with); to get married,
1
be married (‫ ب‬to), marry (‫ ب‬s.o.); to be
‫ قرم‬qarama i (qarm) to gnaw (‫ هـ‬on s.th.), coupled, be interconnected, be yoked
nibble (‫ هـ‬at s.th.) together, be tied together, be bound
‫ قرم‬qarm pl. ‫ قروم‬qurūm studhorse; lord, together; to become interlinked, become
master concatenate X to ripen, suppurate, come to
a head (of a furuncle)
‫ قرن‬qarn pl. ‫ قرون‬qurūn horn (of an ‫ مَقارنة‬muqārana pl. -āt comparison │ ‫مَق‬
animal; as a wind instrument); feeler, ‫ ارنة اللغات‬m. al-lugāt comparative
tentacle, antenna; top, summit, peak (of a linguistics
mountain); the lint visible part of the ‫ اقتران‬iqtirān connection, conjunction,
rising sun; capsule, pod (bot.); century │ union, association, affliliation; link,
‫ ام القرن‬rhinoceros; ‫ وحيد القرن‬do.; ‫ذو القرنين‬ connectedness, simultaneous interaction;
dū l-qarnain the two-horned (an epithet conjunction (astron.); new moon (as an
given to Alexander the Great); ‫ قرن البحر‬q. astronomical aspect); marriage, wedding
al-baḥr coral; ‫( قرن سمعي‬sam‘ī) ear
trumpet (= Fr, cornet acoustique); ‫القرون‬ ‫ مَقرون‬maqrūn connected, joined,
‫( الوسطى‬wusṭā) the Middle Ages linked, combined, united, associated,
affiliated (‫ ب‬with) │ ‫ مَقرون الحاجبين‬m. al-
‫ قرني‬qarnī horny, corneous, of born, ḥājibain having joined eyebrows
hornlike; leguminous, pertaining to, or of
the nature of, legumes; centennial, ‫ مَقارن‬muqārin comparative (science)
centenary ‫ قرنبيط‬qarnabīṭ cauliflower
‫ قرنية‬qarnīya cornea (anat.) ‫ قرنفل‬quranful carnation; clove
‫ قرن‬qirn pl. ‫ اقران‬aqrān (matched) ‫( قره جوز‬Eg. spelling; pronounced ’aragōz)
opponent in battle; an equal, a peer, a Karagōz, chief character of the shadow
match; companion, mate, fellow, play; Punch
associate; equal, like
‫ قره قول‬qaraqōl pl. -āt police station; guard
‫ قرنة‬qurna pl. ‫ قرن‬quran, ‫ قراني‬qurānī (military, police) │ ‫ قره قول الشرف‬q. aš-
salient angle, nook, corner šaraf guard of honor 760
‫ قرين‬qarīn pl. ‫ قرناء‬quranā’2 connected, ‫ قرو‬V to follow up, investigate (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
joined, linked, combined, united, inquire (. into); to check. verify (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X
associated, affiliated; companion, mate, to follow (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pursue (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g.,
fellow, associate, comrade; husband, a problem); to examine, study, investigate
spouse, consort; qarīna (prep.) in (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to explore (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
connection with, in conjunction with,
upon, at │ ‫ مَنقطع القرين‬munqaṭi‘ al-q. ‫ قرو‬qano pl. J) qurllw watering trough
matchless, peerless, unrivaled, │ ‫ خشب قرو‬kašab q. oak (wood)
incomparable, unique, singular ‫ استقراء‬istiqrā’ induction (philos.); see
‫ قرينة‬qarīna pl. -āt wife, spouse, also under ‫قرأ‬
consort; female demon haunting women, ‫ استقرائي‬istiqrā’ī inductive (philos.)
specif., a childbed demon; eclampsia
(med.); -- (pl. ‫ قرائن‬qarā’in) connection, ‫ قرواطيا‬qaruwāṭiya Croatia
conjunction, union, relation, affiliation, ‫ قرواطي‬qaruwāṭī Croatian
association, linkage; (semantic or
‫ قروي‬see ‫قرى‬
syntactical) coherence, context; evidence,
indication, indicium │ ‫السيدة قرينته‬ ‫ قرى‬qara i (‫ قرى‬qiran) to receive hospitably,
(sayyida) his wife (formal style); ‫قرائن‬ entertain (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII = I
‫ الحوال‬the concatenation of circumstances, ‫ قرى‬qiran hospitable reception,
the indicia, factual evidence; ‫ضم قرينة الى‬ entertainment (of a guest); meal served to
‫( قرينة‬ḍamm) combination a guest
‫ اقرن‬aqran2, f. ‫ قرناء‬qarnā’2 horned, ‫ قرية‬qarya pl. ‫ قرى‬quran village;
horny; one with eyebrows grown together hamlet; small town; rural community; ‫القريت‬
│ ‫( حية قرن‬ḥayya) cerastes, horned viper ‫ ان‬al-qaryatān Mecca and Taif; Mecca and
‫ قران‬qirān close union, close Medina │ ‫ ام القرى‬umm al-qurā Mecca
connection: conjunction (astron.); ‫ قروي‬qarawī village-, country- (in
marriage, wedding compounds), rustic, rural; peasant (adj.);
(pl. ‫ قرويون‬qarawīyūn) villager, rustic, ‫ قزم‬qazam pl. ‫ اقزام‬aqzām dwarf, midget,
countryman, inhabitant of the country; pygmy; Lilliputian; little fellow, shrimp,
from Kairouan, Kairouan (adj.), an hop-o’-my-thumb, whippersnapper
inhabitant of Kairouan; a member of al ‫ قزمَوغرافيا‬quzmūgrāfiyā cosmography
Qarawiya College in Fès (Morocco) │
‫ جامَع القرويين‬mosque and college in Fès ‫ قزمَوغرافي‬quzmūgrāfī cosmographic(al)
(Morocco); ‫وزارة الشؤون البلدية والقروية‬ ‫ قزان‬look up alphabetically
(baladīya) Ministry of Municipal and
Rural Affairs (Eg.) ‫ بحر قزوين‬baḥr qazwīn Caspian Sea 761
‫ قروية‬qarawīya countrywoman, peasant ‫ قس‬qassa u (qass) to seek, pursue (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
woman strive (‫ هـ‬for), aspire (‫ هـ‬to) V do.
‫ قرية‬qarīya pl. ‫ قرايا‬qarāyā yard (naut.) ‫ قس‬qass, qiss pl. ‫ قسوس‬qusūs, ‫قسس‬
qusus priest, presbyter, clergyman,
‫ مَقرى‬miqran vary hospitable minister, parson, vicar, curate, pastor
‫ مَقراء‬miqrā’ very hospitable (Chr.); -- qass (= ‫ )قص‬sternum, breastbone
‫ قار‬qārin villager ‫ قساس‬qassās slanderer
‫ قريدس‬quraidis (syr.) shrimp (zool.) ‫ قسيس‬qissīs pl. -ūn, ‫ قساوسة‬qasāwisa,
‫ قسان‬qussān, ‫ اقسة‬aqissa, (Copt.-Chr.) ‫قساء‬
‫ قز‬qazza (1st pers. perf. qazaztu) u to loathe, qussā’ priest, presbyter, clergyman,
detest (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) II to vitrify (‫هـ‬ minister, parson, vicar, curate, pastor
s.th.); to glaze (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to feel disgust ( (Chr.)
‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬at), be nauseated (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬by),
loathe, detest, abhor (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬s.o., s.th.), ‫ قسوسة‬qusūsa ministry, priesthood,
have an aversion (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬to) presbyterate (Chr.)
‫ قز‬qazz pl. ‫ قزوز‬quzūz silk; raw silk ‫ رسامَة قسوسية‬risāma qusūsīya ordination
(of a priest; Chr.)
‫ قزاز‬qizāz (eg.) glass
‫ قسر‬qasara i (qasr) to force, compel, coerce,
‫ قزاز‬qazzāz silk merchant constrain (‫ على ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); to
‫ قزازة‬qizāza pl. -āt, ‫ قزائز‬qazā’iz2 (eg.) conquer, subdue, subjugate (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.)
bottle VIII = I
‫ قازوزة‬look up alphabetically ‫ قسر‬qasr force, compulsion, coercion,
constraint; ‫ قسرا‬qasran compulsorily,
‫ تقزز‬taqazzuz loathing, disgust,
forcibly, by force; of necessity,
detestation, abhorrence, aversion
necessarily, inevitably, perforce
‫( قزان‬Turk. kazan) qazān pl. -āt kettle, large
‫ اقتسار‬iqtisār conquest, subdual,
boiler
subjugation
‫ قزح‬II to embellish (‫ هـ‬one’s speech)
‫ قسط‬II to distribute (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pay in
‫ قوس قزح‬qausu qazaḥin or qausu installments (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to act justly, in
quzaḥa rainbow fairness, equitably
‫ قزحية‬quzaḥīya iris (anat.) ‫ قسط‬qisṭ justice, fairness, equity,
‫ قزع‬qaza‘ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬wind-driven, tattered equitableness, fair-mindedness, rightness,
clouds, scud; tuft of hair correctness; (for sg. and pl.) just, fair,
equitable, fair-minded, right, correct; --
‫( قزعة‬eg.) quz‘a dwarf, midget, pygmy (pl. ‫ اقساط‬aqsāt) part; share, allotment;
‫ قزيعة‬qazī‘a tuft of hair portion; installment; quantity, amount,
measure, extent │ ‫ على اقساط‬by
‫ قزقز‬gazqaza (eg.) to crack (‫ هـ‬nuts, shells) installments, gradually; ‫كان على قسط كبير مَن‬
‫ قزل‬qazal limp(ing) to possess s.th. (a quality, a characteristic)
to a large extent, have a great deal of ...
‫ قسط‬qasaṭ stiffness of a joint, ankylosis divide among themselves (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.);
(med.) to scatter, disperse (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to drive away,
dispel (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to beset grievously, harass
‫ اقسط‬aqsaṭ juster, fairer; more correct
or torment jointly (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫تقسموه ضربا‬
‫ تقسيط‬taqsīṭ payment in installments │ ‫( وجيعا‬ḍarban) they took turns in dealing
‫ بالتقسيط‬in installments, gradually him painful blows, they gave him a severe
‫ مَقسط‬muqsiṭ acting justly or with beating VI to divide or distribute among
fairness, doing right; just, fair themselves (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to beset, harass,
torment (‫ ه‬s.o.; thoughts, worries, etc.) VII
‫ قسطر‬qasṭara to test the genuineness (‫ هـ‬of to be divided, be parted, be split; to be
coins) distributed, be dispersed, be separated; to
‫ قسطاس‬qusṭās, qisṭās pl. ‫ قساطيس‬qasāṭīs2 be divided, be subdivided, be portioned,
balance, scales be broken up (‫ الى‬into) VIII to divide or
1
distribute among themselves (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to
‫ قسطل‬qasṭal pl. ‫ قساطل‬qasāṭil2 water pipe, seek an oracle from the deity, cast lots
water main
2
‫ قسم‬qism pl. ‫ اقسام‬aqsām part, share,
‫ قسطل‬qasṭal (eg.) chestnut allotment; portion; division, compartment;
3
‫ بلد القساطلة‬bilād al-qasāṭila Castile, Spain section; department; group, class; district,
precinct; police precinct, police station
‫ القسطنطينية‬al-qasṭanṭīnīya Constantinople
(Eg.); administrative subdivision of a
‫ قسم‬qasama i (qasm) to divide, part, muḥāaẓa (Eg.); subcommittee; kind, sort,
split (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to distribute, deal out, specimen, species
parcel out (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to, among), divide (
‫ قسمة‬qisma dividing, division,
‫ على ه‬s.th. among); to let s.o. (‫ )ل‬share (‫في‬
distribution, allotment, apportionment;
s.th.). give s.o. (‫ )ل‬a .hare of s.th. (‫)في‬,
(math.) division (‫ على‬by); (pl. ‫ قسم‬qisam)
allot (‫ في ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to divide,
part, portion, share, allotment; lot, destiny,
subdivide, partition, portion, break up ( ‫الى‬
fate (foreordained by God)
‫ هـ‬s.th. into), arrange, classify (‫ الى ه‬s.th.
in); to partition, to compartment (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫ قسم‬qasam pl. ‫ اقسام‬aqsām oath; ‫قسما‬
to assign, apportion, decree, destine, qasaman I swear! ‫ قسما ب‬I swear by …!
foreordain (‫ هـ على‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o. s.th.; of God ‫ قسمات‬qasamāt, qasimāt features,
or of fate); to divide (‫ هـ على‬a number by lineaments (of the face)
another) II to divide, part, split (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
distribute, deal out, parcel out, divide ( ‫هـ‬ ‫ قسام‬qasām and ‫ قسامَة‬qasāma beauty,
‫ بين‬s.th. among); to divide, subdivide, elegance
partition, portion, break up (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ هـ‬or ‫ قسيم‬qasīm pl. ‫ قسماء‬qusamā’2, ‫اقسماء‬
‫ الى‬into), section (‫ هـ‬s.th.), arrange, classify aqsimā’2 sharer, partner, copartner,
(‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ هـ‬or ‫ الى‬in); to partition, to participant; -- (pl. ‫ اقسماء‬aqsimā’2) part,
compartment (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (Chr.) to portion, share, allotment; counterpart
consecrate, ordain (‫ هـ‬s.o.); to exorcise a
devil or demon (‫ على‬from s.o., by ‫ قسيمة‬qasīma pl. ‫ قسائم‬qasā’im2 coupon;
adjuration) III to share (‫ هـ ه‬with s.o. s.th.); receipt
to bind o.s. by oath (‫ على ه‬to s.o. to do ‫ تقسيم‬taqsīm exorcism; (pl. -āt) dividing,
s.th.) IV to take an oath, swear (‫ ب‬by; ‫على‬ division, partition, parting, splitting,
‫ ل‬to s.o. s.th.; ‫ على ان‬to do s.th.) │ ‫اقسم عليه‬ sectioning, portioning; distribution,
‫( الَ فعله‬illā fa‘alahū) to adjure or entreat allotment, apportionment; dealing out;
s.o. to do s.th.; ‫( اقسموا جهد ايمانهم‬jahda division, subdivision, partition(ment); pl. ‫ت‬
aimānihim) 762 they swore by all that is ‫ قاسيم‬taqāsīm2 structure, build, proportions
right and holy, they swore the most (e.g., of the body); -- solo recital (mus.)
solemn oaths; ‫( اقسم بمقدساتا‬muqadasātihī)
‫ تقسيمة‬taqsīma pl. ‫ تقاسيم‬taqāsīm2 short
to swear by all that’s holy V to be divided,
solo piece for an instrument (mus.)
be parted, be split; to be distributed, be
parceled out; to share (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬a possession),
‫ مَقاسمة‬muqāsama partnership, ‫ قش‬qašša i u (qašš) to collect, gather (up), pick
participation, sharing up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pick up from here and
there (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to become dry, dry up,
‫ انقسام‬inqisām division, split, disruption,
shrivel up, wither (esp., of a plant) II to
breakup; schism
take of this and that
‫ اقتسام‬iqtisām dividing, division,
‫ قش‬qašš straw │ ‫ قش الحديد‬steel wool;
distribution (among themselves)
‫ حمى القش‬ḥummā l-q. bay fever
‫ قام‬qāsim divider; distributor; divisor,
‫ قشة‬qašša (n. un.) a straw │ ‫قشة ثقاب‬
denominator (math.)
match, matchstick; ‫( خيار قشة‬eg.) gherkins
‫ مَقسوم‬maqsūm dividend (math.); ‫مَقسوم‬
‫ قشيش‬qašīš sweepings, rubbish,
‫ عليه‬divisor (math.)
garbage, trash, refuse; offal, waste, scrap
‫ مَقسم‬muqassim divider; distributor
‫ مَقشة‬miqašša (eg.) broom, besom
‫ مَقاسم‬muqāsim sharer, partner, co-
‫ قشب‬qišb, qašab pl. ‫ اقشاب‬aqšāb poison
partner, participant
‫ قشيب‬qašīb pl. ‫ قشب‬qušub new; clean;
‫ قسنطينة‬qusanṭīna2 Constantine (city in NE
polished, burnished
Algeria)
‫ قشد‬qašada u (qašId) to skim, take off (‫ هـ‬the
(‫ قسا )قسو‬qasā u (‫ قسوة‬qaswa, ‫ قساو‬qasāwa) to
cream)
be harsh, stern, cruel, merciless,
remorseless (‫ على‬toward s.o.); to handle ‫ قشدة‬qišda cream
roughly, treat harshly, severely, cruelly, ‫ قشر‬qašara i u (qašr) to peel, pare, shell,
without mercy (‫ على‬s.o.) II to harden, derind, bark, skin, scale, shave off, husk,
indurate, render obdurate or impenitent (‫هـ‬ shuck (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II = I; V to be peeled, be
the heart) III to undergo, suffer, endure, pared, be shelled, be derinded, be barked,
sustain, bear, stand (‫ هـ‬s.th.), bear up (‫هـ‬ be skinned, be scaled, be shaved off, be
against s.th.) IV = II husked, be shucked; to come off in scales,
‫ قسو‬qasw hardness, harshness, scale off, flake off, peel off (skin; coating)
grimness, sternness, severity, rigor, VII = V
austerity ‫ قشر‬qišr pl. ‫ قشور‬qušūr cover(ing),
‫ قسوة‬qaswa, hardness, harshness, integument, envelope; shell; peel; rind,
grimness, sternness, severity, rigor, bark; skin, crust; scab; scurf; hull, husk,
austerity; cruelty, mercilessness, shuck; scales (of fish); slough (of a
remorselessness 763 snake); pl. ‫ قشور‬trash, garbage, refuse;
trivialities, banalities; externals,
‫ قساوة‬qasāwa hardness, harshness,
superficialities, formalities; dandruff │
grimness, sternness, severity, rigor,
‫ قشر الرأس‬q. ar-ra’s dandruff
austerity; cruelty, mercilessness,
remorselessness ‫ قشرة‬qišra peel, rind (e.g., of a fruit),
shell (of an egg, of a nut); bark; skin;
‫ قسى‬qusīy hard, solid, firm
crust; scab; scurf; hull, husk, shuck; scale;
‫ اقسى‬aqsā harder, harsher, sterner, slough (of a snake)
severer; more cruel; more difficult
‫ قشري‬qišrī scaly, scurfy, scabrous,
‫ مَقاساة‬muqāsāh undergoing, suffering, squamous; crustaceous │ ‫الَكزيما القشرية‬
enduring, sustaining, bearing, standing psoriasis (med.); O ‫الحيوانات القشرية‬
‫ قاس‬qāsin pl. ‫ قساة‬qusāh hard, harsh, (ḥayawānāt) crustaceans
grim, stern, severe, austere, rough; cruel, ‫ تقشير‬taqšīr peeling, paring, shelling;
inexorable, relentless, merciless, derinding, barking; skinning; scaling;
remorseless; difficult shaving off, scraping off; husking,
1
‫ قسي‬qasīy see ‫قسو‬ shucking
2
‫ قسي‬qusīy, qisīy pl. of ‫ قوس‬qaus
‫ قشط‬qašaṭa i (qašṭ) to take off, strip disperse, break up (crowd),
(off), remove (‫ عن هـ‬s.th. from); to skim (‫هـ‬
cream); to scratch off, scrape off, abrade (
‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to take off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to strip off (
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to rob (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), plunder,
strip of his belongings (‫ ه‬s.o.)

lift, dissolve (clouds, darkness)


(‫ )قشعر‬IV ‫ اقشعر‬iqša‘'amJ to Ibudder, lhiver,
tremble. quake. Ihake, bave gooae s..b
‫( قشطة‬eg.) qišṭa, (syr.) gašṭa cream;
(eg.) sweetsop (Annona squamosa L.; (witb cold. witb fright) I')":I .:.. ~ •.;.
bot.), custard apple ("I~)'I or) la,'"" laqla"""" m,,,",,
‫ قشاط‬qišāṭ (leather) strap, thong; I-;tdud"
whiplash; drive belt, transmission belt a bloodcurdling thing. a borrible.
‫ قشاط‬qušāṭ (eg.) pl. -āt jetton. chip, ghastly thing
counter; piece, man (checkers,
backgammon) 'J..~ quk{rira shudder, tremor,
O ‫ مَقشط‬miqšaṭ pl. ‫ مَقاشط‬maqāšiṭ2 eraser, trembling. Ibakos; lhiver(ing); ague
erasing knife ~ qaI'am pl. ~L.:; qaAa'im' lion I ~ rl
O ‫ مَقشطة‬miqšaṭa pl. ‫ مَقاشط‬maqāšiṭ2 "mm q. byena; calamity, disaster
milling machine, miller 764
‫ قشف‬qašifa a (qašaf) and qašufa u (‫قشافة‬
‫ قشع‬qaša‘a a (qaš‘) to scatter, disperse, drive qašafa) to live in squalor and misery; to
away, chase away (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), dispel ( have a dirty skin; to pay no attention to
‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to scatter, disperse, drive away, cleanliness II (eg.) to become rough and
chase away (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), dispel (‫هـ‬ chapped, to chap (hands) V = I; to lead an
s.th.); to scatter, disperse, break up ascetic life, mortify the bodily appetites;
(crowd), lift, dissolve (clouds, darkness) V (eg.) to become rough and chapped, to
and VII to be scattered, be dispersed, be chap (skin)
driven away, be chased away; to scatter,
‫ قشفة‬qišfa (eg.) pl. ‫ قشف‬qišaf crust (of
bread)
‫ تقشف‬taqaššuf asceticism, mortification novelist, romancer │ ‫( الشعر القصصي‬ši‘r)
of the flesh; simple, primitive way of life epic poetry 765
‫ مَتقشف‬mutaqaššif ascetic(al); (eg.) ‫ قصاصة‬quṣāṣa (coll. ‫ قصاص‬quṣāṣ, and
roughened, chapped (hands); ‫ المتقشفة‬al- ‫ قصاصة‬quṣāṣa) pl. -āt cutting, chip, snip,
mutaqaššifa the ascetics shred; scrap (of paper); slip (of paper);
(newspaper) clipping
‫ قشقش‬qašqaša to cure (‫ مَن ه‬s.o. of scabies, of
smallpox); to sweep out, sweep away (‫هـ‬ ‫ قصاص‬qaṣṣāṣ shearer; tracker, tracer of
s.th.) tracks; writer of fiction, novelist,
1 romancer
‫ قشل‬qašila (qašal) (eg.) to be poor, penniless,
without means ‫ اقصوصة‬uqṣūṣa pl. ‫ اقاصيص‬aqāṣīṣ2
2 narrative, tale, novella, novel; short story
‫( قشلة‬Turk. kışla) qašla pl. ‫ قشل‬qišal (military)
barracks (syr.); hospital (eg.) ‫ مَقص‬miqaṣṣ pl. ‫ مَقاص‬maqāṣ (pair of)
scissors, (pair of) shears; (syr.) springs (of
‫( قشلق‬Turk. kışlak) qušlāq pl. -āt (military)
an automobile, of a coach) │ ‫ ابو مَقص‬abū
barracks
m. earwig; skimmer, scissorbill
‫ قشمش‬qišmiš a variety of currants (= (Rhynchops; zool.)
seedless raisins)
‫ قصاص‬qiṣāṣ requital, reprisal,
‫ قاشاني‬look up alphabetically retaliation; punishment, castigation,
‫ قص‬qaṣṣa u (qaṣṣ) to cut, cut off, clip (‫ هـ‬s.th.); chastisement; accounting, clearing,
to shear, shear off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to trim, curtail, settlement of accounts
dock, crop, lop (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- (qaṣṣ, ‫قصص‬ ‫ مَقاصة‬muqāṣṣa accounting, clearing,
qaṣaṣ): ‫( قص اثره‬atarahū) to follow s.o.’s settlement of accounts; balancing,
tracks, track s.o.; (‫ قصص‬qaṣas) to relate, adjustment, set off; compensation (com.)
narrate, tell (‫ هـ على‬to s.o. s.th.) II to out │ ‫ غرفة المقاصة‬gurfat al-m. clearing house
off, shear off, clip, curtail, dock, trim, (fin.)
crop, lop (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to retaliate (‫ ه‬upon
‫ مَقصوص‬maqṣūṣ pl. ‫ مَقاصيص‬maqāṣīṣ2
s.o.), return like for like (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
(eg.) lovelock, earlock
avenge o.s., revenge o.s., take vengeance (
‫ ه‬on s.o.); to punish, castigate, chastise (‫ه‬ ‫ مَقصوصة‬maqṣūṣa skimming ladle,
s.o.); (com.) to settle accounts (‫ ه‬with s.o.); skimmer
to be quits, be even (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V ‫اثره‬ ‫ قصاج‬quṣāj pl. -āt pliers, pincers, nippers
(atarahū) to follow s.o.’s tracks, track s.o.
VIII = V; to tell accurately, relate exactly ( ‫ قصب‬qaṣaba i (qaṣb) to out up, carve up (‫ هـ‬a
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to retaliate (‫ مَن‬upon s.o.), return slaughtered animal) II to curl (‫ هـ‬the hair);
like for like (‫ مَن‬to s.o.); to avenge o.s., to brocade, embroider with gold and silver
revenge o.s., take vengeance (‫ مَن‬on s.o.); thread (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
to punish, castigate, chastise (‫ مَن‬s.o.) ‫ قصب‬qaṣab (coll.) cane(s), reed(s);
‫ قص‬clippings, outings, chips, snips, sugar cane; stalks (of cereal grasses); gold
shreds, scraps; sternum, breastbone and silver thread, gold and silver
‫ قصة‬quṣṣa pl. ‫ قصص‬quṣaṣ, ‫ قصاص‬qiṣāṣ embroidery; brocade │ ‫ قصب الذهب‬q.
forelock; lock of hair ad-dahab gold brocade; ‫ قصب السكر‬q. as-
sukkar sugar cane; ‫( القصب الهندي‬hindī)
‫ قصة‬qiṣṣa manner of cutting; cut; (pl. bamboo; (‫ احرز قصب السبق )والغلب‬aḥraza
‫ قصص‬qiṣaṣ) narrative, tale, story │ ‫قصة هذا‬ qaṣaba s-sabq (wa-l-galb) to come
‫ الشيء ان‬the matter is so that ..., the thing is through with flying colors, carry the day,
best described by saying that ... score a great success
‫ قصص‬qaṣaṣ clippings, cuttings, chips, ‫ قصبة‬qaṣaba (n. un.) pl. -āt cane, reed;
snips, shreds, narrative, tale, story pipe, tube; pipestem, pipe tube; writing
‫ قصصي‬qiṣaṣī, qaṣaṣī narrative, epic(al); pen; windpipe, trachea; shaft (of a well); a
(pl. ‫ )قصصيون‬storyteller, writer of fiction, wind instrument resembling the reed pipe;
kassabah, a linear measure (Eg. = 3.55 qaṣduka) he is in front of you, before you,
m); citadel; capital city, metropolis │ ‫قصبة‬ opposite you
‫ الرئة‬q. ar-ri’a windpipe, trachea; ‫قصبة‬ ‫ قصدي‬qaṣdī intentional; intended
‫ المريء‬q. al-marī’ gullet, esophagus
‫ قصاد‬quṣād (prep.) in front of, before,
‫ قصابة‬qaṣāba butcher’s trade, butchery opposite (eg.)
‫ قصيبة‬quṣaiba (tun.) oats ‫ قصيد‬qaṣīd aspired, desired, aimed at,
‫ قصاب‬qaṣṣāb butcher, slaughterer; (eg.) intended; faultless, without defects (of a
land surveyor poem); also = ‫ قصيدة │ بيت القصيد‬bait al-q.
(the essential, principal verse of the
‫ قصابة‬qaṣāba (reed) pipe
kasida, i.e.) the main point, the principal
‫ مَقصب‬muqaṣṣab embroidered with gold part, the essence, the core, the gist, the
and silver thread, brocaded, trimmed with hest, the hit, the climax of s.th., that which
brocade stands out from the rest, the right thing
‫ قصاج‬look up alphabetically ‫ قصيدة‬qaṣīda pl. ‫ قصائد‬qaṣā’id2 kasida,
‫ قصد‬qaṣada i (qaṣd) to go or proceed an ancient Arabic poem having, as a rule,
straightaway (‫ الى‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), a rigid tripartite structure) │ = ‫بيت القصيدة‬
make a beeline (‫ الى‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬for), walk up to ‫بيت القصيد‬, see under ‫قصيد‬
s.o. or s.th. (‫ الى‬or ‫ هـ‬.); to go to see (‫ ه‬,‫الى‬ ‫ اقصد‬aqṣad2 directer, directest
s.o.), call (‫ ه‬,‫ الى‬on s.o.); to betake o.s.,
‫ مَقصد‬maqṣad pl. ‫ مَقاصد‬maqāṣid2 (place
repair, go (‫ ه‬,‫ الى‬to a place; ‫ ه‬,‫ الى‬to s.o.), be
of) destination; intention, intent; design,
headed, be bound (‫ ه‬,‫ الى‬for a place); to
purpose, resolution; object, goal, aim, end;
seek, pursue (‫ هـ‬,‫ الى‬s.th.), strive (‫ هـ‬,‫الى‬
sense, meaning, import, purport,
for), aspire (‫ هـ‬,‫ الى‬to), intend, have in
significance │ ‫ سيئ المقاصد‬sayyi’ al-m.
mind (‫ هـ‬,‫ الى‬s.th.; ‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with s.th.
malevolent, malicious
else); to aim (‫ هـ‬,‫ الى‬at s.th.); to have in
view, contemplate, consider, purpose (‫هـ‬ ‫ اقتصاد‬iqtiṣād saving, economization,
s.th.); to mean, try to say (‫ هـ ب‬or ‫ مَن‬by retrenchment; thriftiness, thrift,
s.th. s.th.); to adopt a middle course (‫ في‬in, providence; economy │ ‫‘ علم الَقتصاد‬ilm
at); to be economical, frugal, thrifty, al-iqt., (‫( الَقتصاد السياسي )علم‬siyāsī)
provident; to economize, save │ ‫قصد قصده‬ economics, political economy; ‫اقتصادا في‬
(qaṣdahū) to walk up to s.o., go toward ‫ الوقت‬iqtiṣādan fī l-waqt in order to save
s.o.; to follow, imitate s.o. IV to induce to time
go (‫ الى‬to s.o., to a place; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to ‫ اقتصادي‬iqtiṣādī economical; saving,
compose kasidas V to be broken, break; thrifty, provident; economic; economist,
(eg.) to be angry (‫ ه‬with s.o.), be mad (‫ ه‬at political economist; ‫ الَقتصاديات‬the
s.o.) VII to be broken, break VIII to adopt economy
a middle course (‫ في‬in, at; ‫ بين‬between); to
assume a mediatory position (‫بين‬ ‫ قاصد‬qāṣid direct, straight (way); easy,
between), act as mediator; to be smooth, pleasant, short (of travel) │ ‫قاصد‬
economical, frugal, thrifty, 766 provident, ‫( رسولي‬rasūlī) (pl. ‫ قصاد‬quṣṣād) apostolic
economize (‫ في‬with); to save (‫ هـ‬money, delegate
etc.); to compose kasidas ‫ قصادة رسولية‬qiṣāda rasūlīya papal
‫ قصد‬qaṣd endeavor, aspiration, legation
intention, intent; design, purpose, ‫ مَقصود‬maqṣūd aimed at, intended;
resolution; object, goal, aim, end; intentional, designed, deliberate; meant
frugality; thrift, economy │ ‫ قصدا‬qaṣdan,
‫ عن قصد‬intentionally, purposely, advisedly, ‫ قصدير‬qaṣdīr tin
on purpose; deliberately; ‫عن غير قصد‬ 2
‫ قصر‬qaṣura u (qiṣar, qaṣr, ‫ قصارة‬qaṣāra) to
unintentionally, inadvertently; ‫حسن القصد‬ be or become short, too short, or shorter;
ḥusn al.q. good intention; ‫ سوء القصد‬sū’ al- to be insufficient, be inadequate; -- qaṣara
q. evil intention ‫( هو قصدك‬qaṣdaka, u (‫ قصور‬quṣūr) to miss, fail to reach (‫عن‬
s.th., e.g., a target), fall short (‫ عن‬of); to he can hope to accomplish is to do this; you
incapable (‫ عن‬of), he unable (‫ عن‬to do must limit yourself to doing this
s.th.), fail to reach, attain, accomplish, or ‫ قصر‬qaṣr pl. ‫ قصور‬quṣū castle; palace;
achieve (‫ عن‬s.th.); not to he equal (‫ عن‬to palais │ ‫ قصر العدلية‬q. al-‘adlīya (Mor.)
s.th.), not to be up to s.th. (‫)عن‬, he unable palace of justice, courthouse
to cope with s.th. (‫ ;)عن‬to desist, cease,
refrain, abstain (‫ عن‬from); -- qaṣara i u ‫ قصرية‬qaṣrīya pl. ‫ قصار‬qaṣārin pot;
(qaṣr) to make short or shorter, shorten, flowerpot; chamber pot
cut short, curtail, abridge, reduce, lessen ( ‫ قصر‬qiṣar shortness, brevity; smallness
‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- qaṣara u (qaṣr) to hold hack, │ ‫ قصر النظر‬q. an-naẓar nearsightedness,
restrain, check, curb (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to shortsightedness
keep under supervision or control (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
s.o., s.h.); to lock up (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to ‫ قصر‬qaṣr slackness, laxity, negligence,
limit, restrict, confine (‫ ه‬,‫ على هـ‬s.o., s.th. neglectfulness; indolence, inertness,
to); -- qaṣara u (qaṣr, ‫ قصارة‬qiṣāara) to laziness
full, whiten, bleach, blanch (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to ‫ قصار‬qaṣār, quṣār: = ‫قصارك ان تفعل هذا‬
make short or shorter, shorten, cut short, ‫( قصاراك ان تفعل هذا‬see ‫)قصارى‬
curtail, abridge, reduce, lessen (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
miss, fail to reach (‫ عن‬s.th., e.g., a target), ‫ قصار‬qaṣṣār fuller, bleacher
fall short (‫ عن‬of); to he incapable (‫ عن‬of), ‫ قصور‬quṣūr incapability, inability;
be unable (‫ عن‬to do s.th.); to fail to insufficiency, inadequacy; deficiency,
accomplish, achieve, reach, or attain (‫عن‬ shortcoming, lack; reduction, diminution,
s.th.); not to be equal (‫ عن‬to s.th.), not to decrease; slackness, laxity, negligence,
he up to s.th. (‫)عن‬, he unable to cope with neglectfulness; indolence, inertness,
s.th. (‫ ;)عن‬to be 767 inadequate, laziness; legal minority, nonage │ ‫قصور‬
insufficient, inferior; to be remise (‫ في‬in, ‫ الباع‬powerlessness, impotence,
at, in some work), be derelict (‫ في‬to), fall helplessness, weakness, incapability,
behind, lag behind (‫ في‬in); to be negligent, inability (‫ عن‬of, to do s.th.)
careless; to be in, negligent, neglectful (‫في‬
‫ قصير‬qaṣīr pl. ‫ قصار‬qiṣār short; small,
in), neglect (‫ في‬s.th.); to desist, cease,
short (of stature), low │ ‫ قصير الجل‬q. al-
refrain, abstain (‫ عن‬from) │ ‫ لم يقصر‬he
ajal short-term(ed), short-dated, short-
spared no pains or expense in or with ...,
lived; ‫ قصير الباع‬powerless, impotent,
he left nothing undone to ..., he did not
helpless, weak, incapable, unable;
fail to ... IV to make short or shorter,
parsimonious, niggardly; ‫ قصير اليد‬q. al-
shorten, cut short, curtail, abridge, reduce,
yad do.
lessen (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to desist, cease, refrain,
abstain (‫ عن‬from) VI to contract, shrink, ‫ قصارة‬qiṣāra trade of the fuller or
dwindle, become smaller; to be incapable bleacher
(‫ عن‬of); to desist, cease (‫عن‬from); to ‫ قصارى‬quṣārā the utmost, the limit (‫)ه‬
refrain. abstain (‫ عن‬from) VIII to limit s.o.’s power) │ ‫قصاراك ان تفعل كذا‬
o.s., restrict o.s., confine o.s., be limited, (quṣārāka) the most you can accomplish
restricted, or confined (‫ على‬to); to content is to do this; you must limit yourself to
o.s., be content (‫ على‬with) X to find short, doing this; ‫ بذل قصاراه‬or ‫( بذل قصارى الجهد‬q.
regard as deficient or inadequate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) l-jahd) to exert every conceivable effort (‫ل‬
‫ قصر‬qaṣr shortness, brevity; smallness; to, in order to; ‫ ب‬on, for), go to great
incapability, inability; insufficiency, lengths, go out of one’s way, do one’s
inadequacy; laxity, slackness, negligence, best, do all in one’s power, leave no stone
neglectfulness; indolence, inertness, untamed (‫ ل‬to, in order to); ‫ قصارى المَر‬q.
laziness; shortening, curtailment, l-amr, ‫ قصارى القول‬q. l-qaul in short, in
abridgment, reduction, diminution; brief, to make a long story short
limitation, restriction. confinement (‫على‬ ‫ اقصر‬aqṣar2 shorter
to); theutmost that is in s.o.’s power, e.g.,
‫( قصرك ان تفعل هذا‬qaṣruka) the most you
‫ الَقصر‬al-aqṣur Luxor (town in Upper grind, crush. bruise, squash, mash (‫هـ‬
Egypt) (s.th.)
‫ تقصير‬taqṣīr shortening, curtailment, ‫ قصعة‬qaṣ‘a pl. qaṣa‘āt, ‫ قصع‬qiṣa‘, ‫قصاع‬
abridgment, reduction, diminution, qiṣā‘ large bowl (made of wood or
limitation, restriction, confinement; copper); (ir.) kettle
incapability, incapacity, inability; ‫ قصف‬qaṣafa i (qaṣf) to break, shatter,
insufficiency, inadequacy, inferiority; smash (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to beset, harass, press
neglect, dereliction (‫ في‬of ), remissness (‫في‬ hard, oppress (‫ ه‬s.o.), bear down (‫ ه‬upon
in); slackness, laxity, negligence, 768 s.o.); to bomb (‫ ه‬s.th.); to thunder, roar
neglectfullness; defect, fault, failing, (esp., of cannon); to roll, rumble, grumble,
deficiency, shortcoming peal (of thunder); -- u (qaṣf, ‫ قصوف‬quṣūf)
‫ قاصر‬qāṣir incapable (‫ عن‬of), unable ( to feast, revel, carouse; to lead a life of
‫ عن‬to do s.th.); limited, restricted, opulence; -- qaṣifa a (qaṣaf) to break; to
confined (‫ على‬to); reserved (‫ على‬for); be frail, delicate, brittle, fragile V and VII
intransitive (gram.); (pl. -ūn, ‫ قصر‬quṣṣar) to be broken, break, snap
legally minor, under age; a legal minor │ ‫ق‬ ‫ قصف‬qaṣf thunder, roar (e.g., of
‫ اصرة الطرف‬q. aṭ-ṭarf (of a woman) chaste- cannon); revelry, carousal
eyed, chaste, demure, modest; ‫ قاصر اليد‬q.
al-yad powerless, impotent, helpless, ‫ قصف‬qaṣif frail, delicate, brittle, fragile;
weak, incapable, unable; parsimonious, broken
niggardly ‫ قصيف‬qaṣīf frail, delicate, brittle,
‫ مَقصور‬maqṣūr confined (‫ على‬to); fragile; broken
restricted, limited │ ‫ مَقصورة الطرف‬m. aṭ- ‫ قصوف‬quṣūf revelry, carousal
ṭarf
‫ مَقصف‬maqṣaf pl. ‫ مَقاصف‬maqāṣif2
(woman) chaste-eyed, chaste, demure, refreshment room; post exchange,
modest; ‫( الف مَقصورة‬alif) the alif that can canteen; casino; bar; buffet, refreshment
be shortened, i.e., final ‫ى‬, pronounced -ā counter
(e.g., ‫ رمَى‬ramā) and ‫ا‬, without following
hamza (gram.) ‫ قصقص‬qaṣqaṣa to break, shatter (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (eg.)
to snip off the ends (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), clip, trim,
‫ مَقصورة‬maqṣūra pl. -āt, ‫ مَقاصير‬maqāṣīr2 crop (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
palace; cabinet, closet; compartment; box
or stall in a mosque near the mihrab, ‫ قصل‬qaṣala i (qaṣl) to cut off, mow (off) (‫هـ‬
reserved for the ruler; (theater, cinema) s.th.) VIII to cut off (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
box, log.; the detached portion of a ‫ قصل‬qaṣal chaff, husks, shucks, awns
mosque set aside for the communal (of grain); (n. un. ‫ )ة‬stalks
prayer, and frequently enclosing the tomb
of the patron saint; (prisoner’s) dock; ‫ قصال‬qaṣṣāl sharp, cutting, sharp-
chapel (in a church) pointed

‫ مَقصر‬muqaṣṣir slack, negligent, ‫ قصيل‬qaṣīl (eg.) winter barley


neglectful ‫ مَقصل‬miqṣal sharp, cutting, sharp-
‫ مَقتصر‬muqtaṣir limited, restricted, pointed
confined (‫ على‬to) O ‫ مَقصلة‬miqṣala pl. -āt, ‫ مَقاصل‬maqāṣil2
‫ مَقتصر‬muqtaṣar short, brief, concise, guillotine
terse, succinct, summary ‫ قاصل‬qāṣil sharp, cutting
‫ قيصر‬look up alphabetically ‫ قصم‬qaṣama i (qaṣm) to break, shatter (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ قصع‬qaṣa‘a a (qaṣ‘) to drink in avid gulps, │ ‫( قصم ظهره‬ẓahrahū) (to break s.o.’s back
gulp down, pour down, toss down (‫هـ‬ =) to be a mortal blow to s.o. V to be
water); to slake quench (‫ هـ‬the thirst); to broken, break, snap VII = V 769
‫ قصم‬qaṣim easily broken, brittle, aqṣā ḥaddin to the extreme limit, to the
fragile utmost; as far as possible; ‫مَن اقصاه الى اقصاه‬
or ‫( مَن ادناه الى اقصاه‬adnāhu) from one end
‫ قصيم‬qaṣīm easily broken, brittle, fragile
to the other, throughout, everything
‫ قاصم‬qāṣim pl. ‫ قواصم‬qawāṣim2 breaking without exception
│ ‫ قاصمة الظهر‬qāṣimat aẓ-ẓahr mortal
‫ تقص‬taqaṣṣin thorough examination,
blow, catastrophe, disaster; ‫ضربات قواصم‬
close study, minute investigation
(ḍarabat) mortal blows, crushing blows
‫ استقصاء‬istiqṣā’ thorough examination,
(‫ قصو‬and ‫ قصا )قصي‬qaṣā u (‫ قصو‬qaṣw,
close study, minute investigation; inquiry (
quṣuw, ‫ قصاء‬qaṣā’) and ‫ قصي‬qaṣiya a (,‫قصا‬
‫ عن‬about)
‫ قصى‬qaṣan) to be far away, be far
removed, be at a great distance (‫ عن‬from), ‫ قاص‬qāṣin pl. ‫ قاصون‬qāṣūn, ‫ اقصاء‬aqṣā’
be remote, distant; to go far away (‫عن‬ distant, remote, far (away) │ ‫القاصى والدانى‬
from) IV to take far away, send far away ( (lit.: the distant one and the near one =)
‫ عن ه‬s.o., s.th. from); to remove (‫ عن ه‬s.o. everybody, all people; ‫ في القاصية والدانية‬near
from); to drive away (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to and far
drag away (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to dismiss (‫ه‬ ‫ قض‬qaḍḍa u (qaḍḍ) to pierce, bore,
s.o., ‫ عن الخدمَة‬from a job); to reach the perforate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to break into pieces,
utmost limit (‫ هـ‬of s.th.) │ ‫ لَ يقصيه البصر‬lā crush, bray, bruise, pulverize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
yuqṣīhi l-baṣaru out of sight, not within tear down, demolish (‫ هـ‬a wall); to pull
view, invisible V to go far away (‫عن‬ out. tear out (‫ هـ‬a peg or stake); -- a (‫قضض‬
from); to penetrate deeply, inquire (‫ هـ‬into qaḍaḍ) to be rough, crude, hard (bed) IV
a problem, and the like), examine, study, to be rough, crude, hard (bed); to make
investigate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), go to the root (0 of rough, crude or hard (‫ هـ‬the bed) │ ‫اقض‬
s.th.); to follow out, follow to a. ‫( مَضجعه‬maḍja‘ahū) or ‫ اقض عليه المضجع‬to
conclusion (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to examine, feel out, rob s.o.’s sleep VII to swoop down,
palpate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to penetrate deeply, pounce down, dive down, descend; to
inquire (‫ هـ‬into a problem, and the like), strike (‫ على‬s.th.; of lightning); to pounce,
examine, study, investigate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), go to fall, rush, hurl o.s. (‫ على‬upon), storm, rush
the root (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to inquire, make (‫ على‬against), charge, attack, assail (‫على‬
inquiries (‫ عن‬about) s.o.); to be broken, cracked, threaten to
‫ قصا‬qaṣan and ‫ قصاء‬qaṣā’ distance, collapse; to fall, tumble
remoteness ‫ قض‬qaḍḍ (coll.) pebbles; gravel │ ‫جاء‬
‫ قصي‬qaṣīy pl. ‫ اقصاء‬aqṣā’ far (away), ‫ القوم قضهم‬jā’a l-qaumu qaḍḍuhum
distant, remote (qaḍḍahum) all the people came
‫ اقصى‬aqṣā, f. ‫ قصوى‬quṣwā, pl. ‫اقاص‬ ‫ قضة‬qiḍḍa pebbles; gravel 770
aqāṣin more distant, remoter, farther ‫ قضيض‬qaḍīḍ pebbles; gravel │ ‫جاء القوم‬
(away); (‫( قضيضهم )بقضيضهم‬qaum) all the people
most distant, remotest, farthest; utmost, came
extreme, ultimate; maximal, maximum; ‫ انقضاض‬inqiḍāḍ swooping down,
the farthermost part; the utmost, extreme, pouncing down, dive, downrush; onrush,
extremity; end │ ‫( المسجد القصى‬masjid) onslaught, storm, assault │ ‫مَدفع الَنقضاض‬
name of a mosque on the Temple Square midfa‘ al-inq. (pl. ‫ مَدافع‬madāfi‘) self-
in Jerusalem; ‫( الشرق القصى‬šarq) the Far propelled assault gun (mil.); ‫طائرة الَنقضاض‬
East; ‫( المغرب القصى‬magrib) (the extreme dive bomber
west =) Morocco; ‫ الغاية القصوى مَن‬the
utmost degree of, the maximum of; ‫اقاصي‬ ‫ طائرة مَنقضة‬ṭā’ira munqaḍḍa dive
‫ الرض‬aqāsī l-arḍ the remotest parts of the bomber
earth, the ends of the world; ‫عند الضرورة‬ ‫ قضب‬qaḍaba i (qaḍb) to cut off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫( القصوى‬ḍarūra) in case of dire necessity, lop, prone, trim (‫ هـ‬trees) II = I; VIII = I;
when worst comes to worst; ‫الى اقصى حد‬ to abridge (‫ هـ‬s.th.), give a condensed
extract, make a digest (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to predestine; to judge, act as judge, decide
extemporize, improvise (‫ هـ‬s.th.), quote judicially (‫ بين‬between two litigants); to
extempore (‫ هـ‬verses, and the like), deliver pass or pronounce judgment (‫ ل‬in favor of
offhand (‫ هـ‬a speech) s.o.; ‫ على‬against s.o.); to sentence,
condemn (‫ ب على‬s.o. to), impose, inflict (‫ب‬
‫ قضب‬qaḍb edible herbs
‫ على‬upon s.o. a penalty); to impose or
‫ قضيب‬qaḍīb pl. ‫ قضبان‬qaḍbān cut-off enjoin as a duty (‫ ب على‬upon s.o. s.th.); to
branch, twig, switch; stick, rod, staff, make necessary or requisite (‫ ب على‬for s.o.
wand; bar (of a grate); male organ of s.th.), require s.o. (‫ )على‬to do s.th. (‫)ب‬,
generation, penis, phallus; rail (railroad); compel, force (‫ على‬s.o. ‫ ب‬to do s.th.); to
guide, guide rail, guideway (tehn.) demand, require, necessitate (‫ ب‬s.th.), call
for s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to root out, extirpate,
‫ قضابة‬qaḍāba that which is lopped or annihilate, exterminate (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.); to
out off; lops, prunings, trimmings (of kill, do in (‫ على‬s.o.), do away (‫ على‬with
trees) s.o., with s.th.), put an end (‫ على‬to s.th.); to
‫ مَقضب‬miqḍab pruning hook; pruning thwart, foil, frustrate (‫ على‬s.th.) │ ‫قضى اجله‬
shears, pruning knife (ajalahū) to pass away, die; ‫قضى العجب مَن‬
(‘ajaba) to be full of amazement at, be
‫ اقتضاب‬iqtiḍāb abridgment; digest; very astonished at; ‫( قضى نحبه‬naḥbahū) to
extract; conciseness, terseness, brevity; fulfill one’s vow; to pass away, die; ‫قضى‬
improvisation ‫( وطره‬waṭarahū) to attain one’s aim or
‫ مَقتضب‬muqtaḍab short, brief, concise, end, see one’s wish fulfilled; 771 ‫قضى المَر‬
terse; improvised, extemporaneous, quḍiya l-amru the matter is decided and
offhand, unprepared; ‫ المقتضب‬name of a done with, the die is cast; ‫ قضي امَره‬quḍiya
poetic meter; pl. ‫ مَقتضبات‬short news items, amruhū and ‫ قضي عليه‬quḍiya ‘alaihi it’s all
news in brief (journ.) over with him, he’s a goner II to carry out,
execute, perform, effectuate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to
‫ قضع‬qaḍ‘ gripes, colic
summon before a judge, bring before a
‫ قضاع‬quḍā‘ gripes, colic court of justice, arraign (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
‫ قضف‬qaḍufa u to be or become slender, slim, prosecute, sue (‫ ه‬s.o.), take legal action,
thin, narrow bring suit (‫ ه‬against s.o.); to demand (‫ب ه‬
from s.o. payment of s.th.), call in (‫ب ه‬
‫ قضم‬qaḍma a and qaḍama i (qaḍm) to gnaw (‫هـ‬ from s.o. s.th.) V to be finished,
s.th., on s.th.); to nibble (‫ هـ‬s.th., at s.th.) completed; to peas, go by, elapse, expire,
‫( قضامَة‬pronounced qḍāme; syr.) roasted run out (time) VI to litigate, carry on a
and salted chick-peas; assorted nuts, lawsuit; to demand (‫ هـ‬s.th.; ‫ مَن هـ‬or ‫ ه‬from
peanuts, pistachios, etc.; birdseed s.o. payment of s.th.; from s.o. s.th.), call
in (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ مَن‬or ‫ ه‬from s.o.), claim (‫هـ على‬
‫ الحيوانات القاضمة‬al-ḥayawānāt al- for s.th. remuneration), lay claim (‫ هـ‬to
qāḍima the rodents s.th.); to get, receive (‫ هـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.,
‫ قضى‬qaḍā i (‫ قضاء‬qaḍā’) to settle (‫هـ‬ also ‫ هـ مَن‬s.th. from, esp. money owed,
s.th.); to finish, terminate, conclude, end, emolument) VII to be completed, be
close, wind up, complete, consummate, finished, be done, be terminated, be
accomplish, achieve (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to carry out, concluded, come to an end, cease, stop; to
execute, perform, effectuate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pass, go by, elapse, expire, run out (time);
fulfill (‫ هـ‬a request), comply (‫ هـ‬with); to to have expired, have elapsed, be over, be
do, perform (‫ هـ‬one’s duty); to gratify (‫ هـ‬a peat (time) VIII to demand, claim, exact,
wish), provide (‫ هـ‬for a need), satisfy, require (‫ هـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.); to make
meet, answer, discharge (‫ هـ‬a demand, a necessary, make requisite, necessitate,
claim); to pay, settle (‫ هـ‬a debt); to spend, require (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to demand, claim,
pass (‫ هـ‬time); to die (= ‫ ;)قضى اجله‬to fix, exact, require (‫ هـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.)
appoint, determine, decree, decide, rule (‫ب‬ ‫ قضى‬qaḍan judgment, sentence,
s.th., ‫ بان‬that); (of God) to foreordain, (judicial) decision, (court) ruling
‫ قضاء‬qaḍā’ settling, finishing, ending, ‫ اقتضاء‬iqtiḍā’ necessity, need, exigency,
closing, termination, conclusion, windup, requirement │ ‫ عند الَقتضاء‬in case of need,
completion, accomplishment; carrying if need be, when necessary
out, execution, performance, effectuation; ‫ قاض‬qāḍin decisive, conclusive; deadly,
fulfillment, satisfaction, gratification (of a lethal; (pl. ‫ قضاة‬quḍāh) judge, magistrate,
wish, of a desire); provision (for a need); justice, cadi; pl. ‫ قواض‬qawāḍin 772
compliance (with a request); payment, requirements, exigencies │ ‫( سم قاض‬samm)
settlement, discharge (of a debt); passing, deadly poison; ‫( ضربة قاضية‬ḍarba) decisive
spending (of a period of time); divine blow (‫ على‬against); knockout (boxing);
decree, destiny, fate; judgment, sentence, mortal or crushing blow, deathblow (‫على‬
(judicial) decision, (court) ruling, to); ‫( رأى مَن قواضى الذمَة ان‬q. d-dimma) to
ordinance; administration of the law, regard it u one’s duty to ...; ‫ قاضي البحث‬q. l-
judiciary, jurisprudence, justice; law; baḥt (Tun.) examining magistrate; ‫قاضي‬
jurisdiction; office of judge, judge, ship, ‫( التحقيق‬Eg.) examining magistrate; ‫قاضي‬
judicature; judging, rendering of ‫ الحالة‬q. l-iḥāla (Eg.) magistrate sitting at
judgment; sentencing, condemnation (‫على‬ defendant’s arraignment, trial judge; ‫قاضي‬
of s.o.); extermination, annihilation, ‫ الصلح‬q. ṣ-ṣulḥ justice of the peace
extirpation (‫ على‬of s.o., of s.th.), killing (
‫ على‬of s.o.), thwarting, foiling frustration ‫ مَقضي‬maqḍīy settled, finished, done,
completed, accomplished, etc. │ ‫المَر‬
(‫ على‬of s.th.); -- (pl. ‫ اقضية‬aqḍiya) ‫ المقضي‬accomplished fact, fait accompli
district, province (Syr., Ir., Leb., Saudi
Ar., Yemen) │ ‫ قضاء ا‬death; ‫القضاء الشرعي‬ ‫ مَتقاض‬mutaqāḍin pl. ‫مَتقاضون‬
(šar‘ī) jurisdiction based on the Sharia; mutaqāḍūn litigant; ‫ المتقاضيان‬al-
canonical law, Sharia law; ‫ دار القضاء‬court mutaqāḍiyān the two litigants
of justice, tribunal; ‫مَحكمة القضاء الداري‬ ‫ مَتقاضى‬mutaqāḍan subject to legal
maḥkmat al-q. al-idārī administrative prosecution
court; ‫( القضاء والقدر‬wa-l-qadar) fate and
divine decree; ‫( بالقضاء والقدر‬or ‫قضاء وقدرا‬ ‫ مَقتضى‬muqtaḍan required, necessary,
qaḍā’an wa-qadaran) by fate and divine requisite; (pl. ‫ مَقتضيات‬muqtaḍayāt)
decree; ‫( قضي القضاء‬quḍiya) the divine requirement, exigency, necessity, need │
decree was fulfilled, i.e., death came with ‫ بمقتضى‬bi-muqtaḍā (prep.) according to, in
God’s will accordance with, in conformity with,
pursuant to, under; ‫عند مَقتضيات الحوال‬
‫ قضائي‬qaḍā’ī judicial, judicatory; should the circumstances require it
forensic, legal, judiciary, pertaining to 1
courts of justice │ ‫ حارس قضائي‬pl. ‫حراس‬ ‫ قط‬qaṭṭu (chiefly with the put tense in
‫( قضائيون‬ḥurrās) legally appointed trustee negative sentences) ever, (neg.:) never
or administrator, receiver in bankruptcy, 2
‫قط‬qaṭṭa u (qaṭṭ) to carve (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cut,
liquidator, sequestrator trim, clip, pare (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to mend the point
‫ قضوية الصلح‬qaḍawīyat aṣ-ṣulḥ (‫ هـ‬of a pen), nib, sharpen (‫ هـ‬a pen) II to
jurisdiction of a justice of the peace carve, turn (‫ هـ‬wood) VIII to sharpen, nib (
‫ هـ‬a pen)
‫ قضية‬qaḍīya pl. ‫ قضايا‬qaḍāyā lawsuit;
litigation, judicial contest; action at law, ‫ قط‬qaṭṭ short and curly (hair)
suit; (legal) case, cause, legal affair; ‫ قطاط‬qaṭṭāṭ turner
matter, affair; question, problem, issue; 3
theorem, proposition (math.) ‫ قط‬qiṭṭ pl. ‫ قطط‬qiṭaṭ, ‫ قطاط‬qiṭāṭ, ‫ قططة‬qiṭaṭa
male cat, tomcat │ ‫ قط الزباد‬q. az-zabād
‫ مَقاضاة‬muqāḍāh trial, hearing civet cat
‫ انقضاء‬inqiḍā’ passing, elapsing, ‫ قطة‬qiṭṭa female cat
termination, expiry, expiration, end (of a
period of time); extinction (of an ‫ قطيطة‬quṭaiṭa kitten
obligation) ‫ قطب‬qaṭaba i (qaṭb) to gather, collect (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
-- (qaṭb, ‫ قطوب‬quṭūb) to contract the
eyebrows (also ‫ قطب حاجبيه‬q. ḥājibaihi), country, land; diameter (of a circle);
knit the brows, frown, scowl, glower │ diagonal; caliber, bore (of a tube) │ ‫القطر‬
‫( قطب جبينه‬jabīnahū) to frown II to scowl, ‫( المصري‬miṣrī) Egypt; ‫ نصف قطر الدائرة‬niṣf
glower; to knit the brows, frown; (eg.) to q. ad-d. radius (of the circle); ‫اربعة اقطار‬
sew together (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to become ‫ الدنيا‬arba‘at a. ad-dunyā the four quarters
gloomy (countenance) X O to polarize (‫هـ‬ of the world; ‫الروعة التي تأخذني مَن جميع‬
s.th.; phys.) ‫( اقطاري‬rau‘a) the rapture which holds me
completely enthralled, which pervades my
‫ قطب‬quṭb pl. ‫ اقطاب‬aqṭāb axis, axle; pole
heart through and through
(astron., geogr., el.); pivot; leader;
authority, leading personality, celebrity ‫ قطري‬quṭrī regional; diametral,
(chiefly used in the pl.) │ ‫ قطب الرحى‬q. ar- diametrical
raḥā pivot (of s.th.; fig.); ‫القطب الجنوبي‬ ‫ قطر‬qaṭar2 Qatar (sheikdom in eastern
(janūbī) the South Pole; ‫القطب الشمالي‬ Arabia)
(šamālī) the North Pole; ‫ قطب سالب‬negative
pole; cathode, ‫( قطب مَوجب‬mūjab) positive ‫ قطر‬quṭr, quṭur agalloch, aloeswood
pole, anode ‫ قطرة‬qaṭra (n. un. of ‫ قطر‬qaṭr) pl.
‫ قطبي‬quṭbī polar │ O ‫( الشفق القطبي‬šafaq) qaṭarāt drop (also as a medicine)
polar light ‫ قطيرة‬quṭaira pl. -āt droplet, driblet
‫ قطبة‬quṭba (eg.) stitch (in sowing) ‫ قطار‬qiṭār pl. -āt, ‫ قطر‬quṭur, ‫قطرات‬
‫ قطوب‬quṭūb frowning, scowling, quṭurāt train of camels; (railroad) train;
glowering railroad; single file (of soldiers; Eg., mil.)
│ ‫ قطار البضاعة‬freight train, goods train; ‫قطا‬
O ‫ استقطاب‬istiqṭāb polarization (phys.) ‫( ر حديدي‬ḥadīdī) railroad train; (‫ خصوصي‬or
‫ قاطبة‬qāṭibatan all together, all without ‫( قطار خاص )خصوص‬kāṣṣ, kuṣūṣī) special
exception, one and all train; ‫ قطار الركاب‬q. ar-rukkāb passenger
train; ‫( قطار سباق‬sabbāq) fast train, express
‫ قطر‬qaṭara u (qaṭr, ‫ قطران‬qaṭarān) to fall or
train; ‫ قطار سريع‬express train; ‫قطار وقاف‬
sow in drops, drip, dribble, trickle II (qaṭr)
(waqqāf) local train
to let fall or sow in drops, drip, drop,
dribble, infuse in drops or driblets (‫هـ‬ ‫ قطارة‬qaṭṭāra dropping tube, pipette,
s.th.); to filter, filtrate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to refine ( dropper
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to distill (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to line up ‫ قطران‬qaṭrān (qiṭrān, qaṭirān) tar
camels (‫ )هـ‬in single file and connect them
with halters, form a train of camels; to ‫ مَقطر‬miqṭar pl. ‫ مَقاطر‬maqāṭir2 censer
couple (‫ هـ‬vehicles); to tow, tug (‫ هـ‬a ship) ‫ مَقطرة‬miqṭara pl. ‫ مَقاطر‬maqāṭir2 censer;
V to fall or sow in drops, drip, dribble, stocks (device for punishment)
trickle; to soak, percolate (‫ الى‬into), trickle
(‫ الى‬in) VI to come in successive groups, ‫ تقطير‬taqṭīr filtering, filtration; refining;
to crowd, throng, flock (‫ الى‬or ‫ على‬to s.o., distilling, distillation
to a place) X to drip, drop, dribble (‫هـ‬ ‫ استقطار‬istiqṭār distilling, distillation
s.th.); to distill, extract by distillation (‫هـ‬
s.th.) 773 ‫ قاطرة‬qāṭira pl. -āt locomotive; rail car,
diesel
‫ قطر‬qaṭr dripping, dribbling, dribble,
trickling, trickle; (call.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫قطار‬ ‫ مَقطورات‬maqṭūrāt trailers, truck trailers
qiṭār drops, driblets; rain; -- sirup ‫ مَقطرات‬muqaṭṭarāt spirituous liquors,
‫ قطر‬qaṭr pl. ‫ قطورات‬quṭūrāt (eg.) spirits
(railroad) train ‫ قطرمَيز‬qaṭramīz (large) glass bottle or jar
‫( قطرجي‬eg.) qaṭargī pl. -īya shunter, ‫ قطرن‬qaṭrana to tar, smear or coat with tar (‫هـ‬
switchman (railroad) s.th.)
‫ قطر‬quṭr pl. ‫ اقطار‬aqṭār region, quarter; ‫ قطران‬qaṭrān (qiṭrān, qaṭirān) tar
district, section; tract of land; zone;
‫ قطع‬qaṭa‘a a (qaṭ‘) to cut (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ عليه الطريق‬to cut off s.o.’s way, intercept
cut off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to chop off, lop off (‫هـ‬ s.o.; to engage in highway robbery; to
s.th.); to amputate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cut through, waylay s.o.) commit highway robbery on
cut in two, divide (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tear apart, s.o.; ‫‘( لَ يقطع عقله‬aqlahū) it won’t get into
disrupt, sunder, disjoin, separate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); his head, he can’t understand or believe it;
to fell (‫ هـ‬a tree); to break off, sever (‫هـ‬ ‫‘( قطع عهدا‬ahdan) to make a contract; to
s.th., e.g., relations); to break off one’s make a promise, vow, or pledge (‫ ل‬to s.o.);
friendship, break (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to cut, snub ‫‘( قطع على نفسه عهدا ب‬ahdan) and ‫قطع الوعد‬
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to interrupt (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to cut ‫( على نفسه ب‬wa‘da) to vow s.th., pledge o.s.
short, interrupt, silence (‫ ه‬s.o.); to turn off, or bind o.s. to do s.th.; ‫ قطع الكمبيالة‬to
switch off, disconnect (‫ هـ‬electric current); discount the bill of exchange; ‫قطع لسنه‬
to prevent, hinder (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to (lisānahū) to silence s.o., seal s.o.’s lips,
forbid (‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), prohibit (‫ عن ه‬s.o. gag s.o.; ‫( قطع الوقت‬waqt) to while away
from doing s.th.); to deprive (‫ عن ه‬s.o. of); the time, kill time II to cut into pieces, cut
(Chr.) to excommunicate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to have a up, dismember (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to carve (‫هـ‬
profound effect, have a considerable meat); to tear apart, rend, rip apart, gash.
impact, be impressive (spiritually); to slash, lacerate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cut seriously,
make a profound impression (‫ في‬on), gash deeply (‫ هـ‬one’s hand); to interrupt;
impress greatly, affect deeply (‫ في‬s.o.); to to scan (‫ هـ‬a verse) │ ‫( يقطع البصر‬qalba)
ford (‫ هـ‬a river), cross (‫ هـ‬a river, an heart-rending III to dissociate, separate
ocean), traverse (‫ هـ‬a country), pass o.s. (‫ ه‬from), part company, break off
through or across s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to cover (‫ هـ‬a one’s friendship, break (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to cut,
distance); to survive (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a snub (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be on bad terms (‫ ه‬with
danger), surmount, overcome (‫ هـ‬s.th., s.o.); to boycott (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
e.g., a difficulty), get over s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to interrupt (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to cut s.o. (‫)ه‬
spend, pass, while away (‫ في هـ‬time with); short, out in on s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬talk, also ‫قاطع‬
to use up, consume (‫ هـ‬food); to decide (‫هـ‬ ‫ الحديث‬IV to make or let s.o. (‫ )ه‬cut or cut
or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to say with 774 certainty, off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make or let s.o. (‫ )ه‬cross or
assert, declare positively (‫ ب‬s.th.), affirm ford (‫ هـ‬a river); to bestow as a fief (‫ هـ ه‬on
confidently, aver (‫ بأن‬that); to prove (‫بأن‬ s.o. s.th.); to grant, assign, allot (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o.
that); pass. quṭi’a to break, break apart, be s.th.); to separate o.s., disassociate o.s. (‫ه‬
or get broken, be or become interrupted; from s.o.), part company (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
to snap (rope, string of a musical break off one’s friendship (‫ عن‬with s.o.);
instrument) │ (‫( قطع المَل )الرجاء‬amal, to break (‫ عن‬with s.o.) V to be cut off, be
rajā’) to give up hope, to despair; ‫قطع الثمن‬ severed, be disrupted, be interrupted, be
(taman) to fix the price, agree on the disconnected; to snap; to be cut up, be
price; (‫( قطع تذكرة )بطاقة‬tadkiratan) to buy a chopped up, be hacked to pieces. be
ticket; ‫( قطع عليه حديثه‬ḥadītahū) to interrupt dismembered; to be intermittent. flow
s.o., cut s.o. short, cut in on s.o.’s talk; ‫قطع‬ discontinuously (electric current); to be
‫( دورا‬dauran) to pass through a phase or disjointed, be jerky (words, style); to
period, go through a stage; ‫( قطع برأي‬bi- knock o.s. out (e.g., with eagerness) │ ‫تقطع‬
ra’yin) to express a firm opinion; to ‫( ت به الحبال‬ḥibālu) to be at the end of one’s
decide in favor of an opinion; ‫( قطع برأيه‬bi- resources, be utterly helpless; ‫تقطع به‬
ra’yihī) to be guided in one’s decisions by ‫( السباب‬asbābu) to be at one’s wit’s end,
s.o., proceed in accordance with s.o.’s be at the end of one’s tether; ‫هدف تتقطع دونه‬
opinion or decision; ‫( قطع الرحم‬raḥim) to ‫( العناق‬hadafun, dūnahū) lit.: a goal on the
sever the bonds of kinship, break with way to which throats are slit, i.e., one
one’s relatives; to violate the rules of which remains unattainable VI to separate,
consanguinity; ‫( قطع اشواطا‬ašwāṭan) to part company, go apart; to get separated
make progress; ‫قطع شوطا كبيرا )بعيدا( في التقدم‬ from each other; to break off mutual
(‫( )الرقي‬šauṭan, taqaddum, ruqīy) and ‫قطع‬ relations, snub each other; to intersect
‫( في مَيدان الرقي اشواطا‬maidāni r-r.) to make (lines, roads, etc.; L s.th.), cut across,
great progress, make great headway; ‫قطع‬ cross (of a line or road, ‫ مَع‬another) VII to
be cut off, be or get separated (‫ عن‬or ‫مَن‬ prevention of s.th., radical stop to s.th.;
from); to be chopped off, be lopped off, be ‫ قطع الماهية‬q. al-māhīya salary cut, wage
cut through, be sundered, be severed, be deduction; ‫ سعر )مَعدل( القطع‬si‘r (or
tom apart, be disrupted, be broken, be mu‘addal) al-q. discount rate, bank rate;
broken off; to be interrupted, be ‫ قط الربع‬q. ar-rub‘ (ar-rubu‘) quarto
disconnected, be cut off, be shut off (also, format; ‫ قطع كتب الجيب‬q. kutub al-jaib
e.g., electric current), be blocked, be pocket size (book); ‫ قطع مَخروط‬q.
stopped; to 775 break. break apart, tear, makrūtin, ‫( قطع مَخروطي‬makrūṭī) conic
snap (intr., e.g., a rope, a string); to cease, section (geom.); ‫ قطع زائد‬hyperbola
end, come to an end, run out, expire; to (geom.); ‫( قطع مَكافئ‬mukāfi’) parabola
stop, come to a halt, come to a standstill, (geom.); ‫ قطع ناقص‬ellipse (geom.); ‫قطعا‬
be suspended, be discontinued; to stop. ‫ للوقت‬gaṭ‘an li-l-waqt as a pastime, just to
cease (‫ عن‬s.th.; doing s.th.); to leave off ( kill time; ‫( بقطع النظر عن‬bi-q. in-naẓari)
‫ عن‬s.th.), desist, abstain. refrain (‫ عن‬from); irrespective of, regardless of, without
to suspend, discontinue, stay (‫ عن‬s.th.); to regard to; aside from, apart from; ‫همزة‬
withdraw, stay away, hold aloof (‫عن‬ ‫ القطع‬disjunctive hamza (gram.)
from); to devote o.s., dedicate o.s., give ‫ قطعي‬qaṭ‘ī decided, definite, positive;
one’s attention. apply o.s. (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to); to final, definitive; ‫ قطعيا‬qaṭ‘īyan decidedly,
concentrate (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬on); to occupy o.s. definitely, emphatically, categorically
exclusively (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬with), give all one’s
time (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to) VIII to take a part, a little ‫ قطعية‬qaṭ‘īya certainty, definiteness,
(‫ مَن‬of s.th.); to take, borrow, cull, glean ( positiveness
‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from, e.g., a story from a book); ‫ قطعة‬qiṭ‘a pl. ‫ قطع‬qiṭa‘ piece, fragment,
to tear out, take out, remove (‫ هـ‬e.g., a lump, chunk; part, portion; section,
page, ‫ مَن‬from a book or notebook); to tear division; segment (geom.); coin; naval
off, rip off, detach (‫ هـ‬e.g., a coupon); to unit; unit (mil.) │ ‫ قطعة الدائرة‬or ‫القطعة القطع‬
appropriate, acquire (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to possess ‫ الدائرية‬segment of a circle (geom.); O ‫قطعة‬
o.s., take possession (‫ هـ‬of), seize (‫ هـ‬on) X ‫ التركيب‬part (of a machine, of an
to request as a fief (‫ هـ ه‬of S.o. s.th.); (eg.) apparatus); O ‫ قطع الَزدواج‬coupling
to deduct (‫ هـ‬an amount) element (el.); ‫( قطعة مَسرحية‬masraḥīya)
‫ قطع‬qal’ cutting off; chopping off, (stage) play; ‫( قطعة غنائية‬ginā’īya) vocal
detruncation; amputation; cutting, piece, vocal composition; ‫ قطعة التغيير‬or ‫قطع‬
scission, section; disruption, sunderance, ‫ ة غيار‬spare part; ‫( قطعة فنية‬fannīya) work of
disjunction, disconnection, separation; art; ‫( القطعة الكروية‬kurawīya) spherical
felling (of a tree); severance, rupture, segment (geom.); ‫( قطعة تمثيلية‬tamtīlīya)
breakoff (e.g., of relations); stoppage, (stage) play; ‫ قطعة مَوسيقية‬piece of music,
blockage, embargo, ban, blackout, musical composition; ‫( قطعة مَالية‬malīya)
suspension; interruption, discontinuation; coin; ‫‘( العمل بالقطع‬amal) piecework, job
disconnection, turning off, switching off work, taskwork
(of electric current); prevention, hindrance ‫ قطعة‬quṭ‘a pl. quṭu‘āt, ‫ قطع‬quṭa‘ a piece
(‫ عن‬from); deprivation; excommunication cut off, a cut; stump; plot of land, patch of
(Chr.); fording (of a river); crossing (of an land, lot
ocean); traversion (of a country); covering
(of a distance); spending, passing (of a ‫ قطعة‬qaṭa‘a pl. -āt, ‫ قطع‬qaṭa‘ stump 776
span of time); consumption; deduction, ‫ قطاع‬qiṭā‘, quṭā‘ pl. -āt section; sector
rebate, discount; (pl. ‫ اقطاع‬aqṭā‘) format, (geom.) │ ‫‘( قطاع عرضي‬arḍī) cross
size (of a book); (pl. ‫ قطوع‬aqṭā‘) section section; ‫( قطاعات مَن النسجة‬ansija) tissue
(geom.); ‫ قطعا‬qaṭ‘an decidedly, definitely, sections (biol.); ‫( القطاع الدائري‬dā’irī) sector
positively, for certain; with neg.: of a circle (geom.); ‫( القطاع الكروي‬kurawī)
absolutely not, not at all, by no means, not spherical sector (geom.)
in the least │ ‫ قطع الحسابات‬settlement of
accounts; ‫ قطع الطريق‬highway robbery, ‫ قطاع‬qaṭṭā‘ (stone-, wood-) cutter
brigandage; ‫ قطع الطريق على‬forcible
‫ بالقطاعي‬bi-l-qaṭtā‘ī by retail, retail ‫ انقطاع‬inqiṭā’ separation, disjunction,
(adj.) severance; break, breach, rift, rupture,
break-off; interruption, disruption,
‫ قطيع‬qaṭī‘ pl. ‫ قطاع‬qiṭā‘, ‫ قطعان‬quṭ‘ān, ‫اقط‬
discontinuance; cessation, stop,
‫ اع‬aqṭā‘ troop or group (of animals),
termination, expiration, extinction;
drove, flock, herd
stoppage, shutdown, blockage,
‫ قطيعة‬qaṭī‘a rupture of relations, break, suspension; end, close, conclusion;
breach, rift, alienation, estrangement, absence, withdrawal, aloofness (‫ عن‬from)
separation; enmity among relatives (short │ ‫ انقطاع التيار‬inq. at-tayyār power
for ‫ قطيعة الرحم‬q. ar-raḥim); (pl. ‫قطائع‬ shutdown (el.); ‫ بدون انقطاع‬or ‫مَن غير انقطاع‬
qaṭā’i‘2) fief, fee, feudal estate, land incessantly, constantly, continually,
granted by feudal tenure without interruption
‫ اقطع‬aqṭa‘2 more convincing, more ‫ انقطاعية‬inqiṭā’īya separatism
conclusive (evidence); (f. ‫ قطعاء‬qaṭ‘ā’2)
‫ استقطاع‬istiqṭā’ pl. -āt cut, deduction
amputee; one-armed; dumb, mute
(e.g., from salary)
‫ مَقطع‬maqṭa’ pl. ‫ مَقاطع‬maqāṭi‘2 crossing
‫ قاطع‬qāṭi’ cutting; sharp; convincing,
point, crossing, traverse, passage; ford;
cogent, irrefutable, conclusive, decisive
(point of) intersection; cross section;
(e.g., evidence); decided, definite,
section, division; syllable; musical phrase;
positive, unmistakable, unequivocal; final,
quarry; group of animals,
definitive; sour (milk); secant (geom.); (pl.
drove │ ‫ مَقطع الرأي‬m. ar-ra’y decision, ‫ قواطع‬qawāṭi’2) partition, screen │ ‫قاطع‬
judgment ‫ الطريق‬pl. ‫ قطاع الطرق‬quṭṭā’ aṭ-ṭuruq (or ‫قطع‬
‫ مَقطع‬miqṭa‘ pl. ‫ مَقاطع‬maqāṭi‘2 cutting ‫ الطرق‬quṭṯa’ aṭ-ṭ.) highway robber, holdup
instrument │ ‫ مَقطع السيجار‬cigar cutter; ‫مَقطع‬ man, waylayer, brigand; ‫( بصفة قاطعة‬bi-
‫ الورق‬m. al-waraq paper knife; paper cutter ṣifatin) unmistakably; ‫( سن قاطعة‬sinn)
incisor; ‫ طير قواطع‬ṭairun qawāṭi’u
‫ تقطيع‬taqṭī‘ fragmentation, migratory birds; ‫ قاطع التذاكر‬ticket seller,
dismemberment, cutting up, division, conductor (streetcar, bus, etc.)
partitioning; interruption, disruption,
discontinuation; gripes, colic; (pl. ‫تقاطيع‬ O ‫ قاطعة‬qāṭi’a interrupter, circuit
taqāṭī‘) stature, figure; shape, form; pl. breaker (el.) 777
parts, portions, ‫ مَقطوع‬maqṭū’ cut off, severed, chopped
sections, members │ ‫ تقاطيع الوجه‬t. al- off, etc.; ‫ مَقطوع به‬decided, finished, settled,
wajh features, lineaments of the face done with (matter, affair); (pl. ‫مَقاطيع‬
maqāṭī’2) short poem │ ‫مَقطوع النظير‬
‫ مَقاطعة‬muqāṭa‘a separation; break (with matchless, peerless, unrivaled, unequaled
s.o.); indifference, unfeelingness,
unlovingness; boycott; interruption; (pl. ‫ مَقطوعة‬maqṭū’a pl. -āt, ‫ مَقاطيع‬maqāṭī’2
-āt) area, region, section, district, province piece (of music) │ ‫ مَقطوعة مَوسيقية‬piece of
music, musical composition
‫ اقطاع‬iqṭā‘ and ‫ اقطاعة‬iqṭā‘a pl. -āt fief,
fee, feudal estate, land granted by feudal ‫ مَقطوعية‬maqṭū’īya share, portion,
tenure │ ‫ ذو القطاع‬liege lord, feudal lord allotment: consumption │ ‫( بالمقطوعية‬eg.)
in the lump, for a lump sum
‫ اقطاعي‬iqṭā‘ī liege, feudatory, feudal;
(pl. -ūn) liege lord, feudal lord ‫ مَقطع‬muqaṭṭa’ torn, shredded

‫ اقطاعية‬iqṭā‘īya feudalism; ‫ القطاعية‬the ‫ مَقطع‬muqṭi’ liege lord; -- muqṭa’ liege


feudal system man, feudatory. feudal tenant, vassal

‫ تقطع‬taqaṭṭu‘ pl. -āt interruptedness, ‫ مَتقطع‬mutaqaṭṯi’ cut off, torn, ruptured,


interruption disrupted, interrupted; discontinuous,
flowing intermittently (electric current); in
‫ تقاطع‬taqāṭu’ severance of mutual stages (movement); staccato (voice);
relations; crossing; intersection, junction
incoherent, disjointed (words) │ ‫تيار مَتقطع‬ ‫ اقتطاف‬iqtiṭāf picking, gathering, etc.;
(tayyār) alternating current selection, choice, pick
‫ مَنقطع‬munqaṭi’ cut off; severed, ‫ مَقتطف‬muqtaṭaf pl. -āt selected or select
disjoined, separate(d), detached; chopped piece; selection
off, detruncated; cut, cut in two, sundered, ‫ قطقوطة‬qaṭqūṭa young girl
torn. ruptured, disrupted; broken; broken
off; interrupted, discontinued, stopped, ‫ قطل‬qaṭala u i (qaṭf) to cut off (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II = I
blocked; disconnected, turned off, ‫ قطيلة‬qaṭīla towel; floor rag
switched off (electric current); halting,
discontinuous, intermittent, fitful; ‫ قطم‬qaṭama i (qaṭm) to cut off (‫ هـ‬s.th.): to
outlying, remote, out-of-the-way (region); break off (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
devoted, dedicated (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to), set aside ‫ قطمة‬qaṭma piece; bite, morsel
exclusively, solely destined (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬for) │
‫ مَنقطع النظير‬and ‫ مَنقطع القرين‬unmatched, ‫ المقطم‬al-muqaṭṭam a range of hills east
matchless, peerless, unrivaled, unequaled, of Cairo 778
incomparable, singular, unique; ‫غير مَنقطع‬ ‫ قطمير‬qiṭmīr pellicle enveloping a date pit │ َ‫ل‬
incessant, unceasing, continual, ‫( يملك قطميرا‬yamliku) he doesn’t own a
uninterrupted thing, he hasn’t a red cent to his name
‫ مَستقطع‬mustaqṭa’ cut, deduction (from 1
‫ قطن‬qaṭana u (‫ قطون‬quṭūn) to live, dwell,
salary) reside (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬in a place); to inhabit
‫ قطف‬qaṭafa i (qaṯf, ‫ قطوف‬quṭūf) to pick (‫هـ‬ (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬a place) II to make live,
flowers, fruit); to gather, harvest (‫ هـ‬fruit); settle (‫ ب هـ‬s.o. in)
to pluck off, pull off, tear off (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., ‫ قطن‬qaṭan small of the back
leaves); (eg.) to skim (‫ هـ‬a liquid from the
‫ قطن‬quṭn, quṭun pl. ‫ اقطان‬aqṭān cotton │
surface): -- (qaṭf) to scratch, scratch up (‫ه‬
‫ قطن خام‬raw cotton, cotton, wool, unginned
s.o.) II = I VIII to pick (‫ هـ‬flowers, fruit);
cotton; ‫( قطن سكارتو‬It. scarto) (eg.) cotton
to gather, harvest (‫ هـ‬fruit); to pluck off (‫هـ‬
waste; ‫( قطن طبي‬ṭibbī) absorbent cotton;
s.th.); to select, choose, pick out (‫هـ مَن‬
‫( قطن مَلتهب‬multahib) guncotton; O ‫حطب‬
s.th. from among)
‫ القطن‬ḥaṭab al-q. excelsior; ‫مَحلج القطن‬
‫ قطف‬qaṭf (act or instance of) picking, miḥlaj al.q. cotton gin
etc.; (pl. ‫ قطوف‬quṭūf) scratch
‫ قطني‬quṭnī cotton (adj.)
‫ قطف‬qiṯāf picked fruit
‫ قطنية‬quṭnīya, qiṭnīya pl. ‫ قطاني‬qaṭānīy
‫ قطاف‬qiṭāf picking, gathering, harvest pulse, legumes (peas, beans, lentils)
(of fruit); picking season, vintage, harvest
‫ قطانية‬quṭānīya, qiṭānīya Indian corn,
time
maize (tun.)
‫ داني القطوف‬dānī l-quṭūf within reach, at
‫ قطان‬qaṭtān cotton manufacturer, cotton
hand; easy to apply, easy to use, handy
merchant
‫ قطوف‬qaṭūf pl. ‫ قطف‬quṭuf short-stepped,
‫ يقطين‬yaqṭīn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a variety of
slow
squash
‫ قطيفة‬qaṭīfa velvet; plush
‫ مَقطنة‬maqṭana cotton plantation
‫ قطائف‬qaṭā’if2, ‫ قطايف‬qaṭāyif2 (pl.) small,
‫ قاطن‬qāṭin pl. ‫ قطان‬quṭṭān resident,
triangular doughnuts fried in melted butter
domiciled; inhabitant, dweller
and served with honey
2
‫ قيطن‬qīṭān pl. ‫ قياطين‬qayāṭīn2 cord, braid, lace
‫ مَقطف‬miqṭaf pl. ‫ مَقاطف‬maqāṭif 2
implement for picking fruit, fruit picker; ‫ قطا‬qaṭan (coll.; n. un. ‫ قطاة‬qaṭāh) sand grouse
vine knife (Pterocles)
‫ مَقطف‬magṭaf pl. ‫ مَقاطف‬maqāṭif 2 basket ‫ قعد‬qa‘ada u (‫ قعد‬qu‘ūd) to sit down,
take a seat; to sit, be sitting; to remain
seated; to remain, stay, abide; to lie in wait ‫ قعود‬qa‘ūd pl. ‫ اقعدة‬al-Qur'an‘ida ‫قعد‬
(‫ ل‬for s.o.), waylay (‫ ل‬s.o.); to desist, qu‘ud, ‫ قعدان‬qi‘dān, ‫ قعائد‬qa‘ā’id2 young
abstain, refrain (‫ عن‬from), renounce waive camel 779
(‫ عن‬s.th.) │ ‫ قعد به‬to make s.o. sit down, ‫ قعود‬qu‘ūd sitting; desistance,
make s.o. sit, seat s.o., induce s.o. to stay; abstention, refraining (‫ عن‬from);
to hamper, handicap, hamstring, disable, renunciation, abandonment, waiver (‫عن‬
paralyze s.o.; ‫( قعدت به ركبتاه‬rukbatāhu) his of)
knees buckled under him; ‫ قعد به عن‬to hold
back, restrain, discourage, or prevent s.o. ‫ قعيد‬qa‘īd companion; one with whom
from; ‫( قعد عن الذهاب‬dahāb) he decided not one sits together; keeper, guardian,
to go; ‫ قام وقعد‬to be in a state of great supervisor, superintendent; crippled,
anxiety, be seriously upset, be very disabled, infirm │ ‫ قعيد المنزل‬q. al-manzil
agitated; to be very alarmed (‫ ل‬by) IV to confined to one’s house or to one’s
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) sit down; to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) sit; quarters
to cause or induce (‫ ه‬s.o.) to stay; to seat (‫ه‬ ‫ قعيدة‬qa‘īda pl. ‫ قعائد‬qa‘ā’id2 woman
s.o.); to hold back, restrain, discourage, companion; wife, spouse
prevent (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to decrease,
diminish, reduce (‫ مَن‬s.th.); pass uq‘ida to ‫ مَقعد‬maq‘ad pl. ‫ مَقعد‬maq‘ad2 s.th. to sit
be lame, be crippled │ ‫اقامَه واقعده‬ on, space to sit in; seat (in general, in a
(aqāmahū) to theater, in parliament, etc.); chair; bench;
sofa, settee; box, driver’s seat (of a
upset s.o. seriously, throw s.o. in a state carriage or coach) │ ‫ مَقعد طويل‬chaise
of violent emotion; ‫( اقعد مَن همته‬himmatihī) longue; ‫( مَقعد مَريح‬murīḥ) easy chair,
to dampen s.o.’s zeal V not to desire (‫عن‬ armchair
s.th.). not to be out for s.th. (‫ ;)عن‬to desist,
abstain, refrain (‫ عن‬from) VI = V; to ‫ مَقعدة‬maq‘ada pl. ‫ مَقاعد‬maqā‘d2
remain aloof, refrain, forbear, withdraw ( backside, seat, buttocks, posteriors
‫ عن‬from); to be pensioned off, retire VIII ‫ تقاعد‬taqā‘ud restraint, reticence,
to take or use as a seat (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to sit aloofness, reserve; retirement │ ‫مَعاش التقاعد‬
down (‫ هـ‬on s.th.); to be, remain (‫ هـ‬in a ma‘āš at-t. retiring allowance,
state or condition) superannuation. pension; ‫احيل الى التقاعد‬
‫ قعد‬qa‘ad slackers, shirkers of military (uḥīla) to be pensioned off, be
service in times of war; also, designation superannuated, be retired
of the Khawarij ‫ قاعد‬qā‘id pl. ‫ قعود‬qu‘ūd, ‫ قعاد‬qu‘ād,
‫ قعدة‬qa‘da sitting; backside, seat, sitting, seated; inactive, idle, lazy, also ‫قاعد‬
buttocks, posteriors; space occupied while ‫‘( العمل‬amal); ‫ قاعدون‬qā‘idūn slacken,
sitting, seating space │ ‫ ذو القعد‬name of the shirkers of military service in times of
eleventh month of the Muslim year war; -- ‫ قاعد‬qā‘id pl. ‫ قواعد‬qawā‘id2 woman
who, because of her age, has ceased to
‫ قعدة‬qi‘da manner of sitting, seat, pose, bear children
posture; space occupied while sitting,
seating space ‫ قاعدة‬qā‘ida pl. ‫ قواعد‬qawā‘id2
foundation, groundwork; basis;
‫ قعدة‬qu‘ada constantly or frequently fundament; base (geom.; mil.); support,
sitting, sedentary; glued to the seat, not base, socle, foot, pedestal; O chassis,
budging, seated firmly; lazy, inert, undercarriage; precept, rule, principle,
indolent maxim; formula; method, manner, mode;
‫ قعدي‬qu‘dī constantly or frequently model, pattern │ ‫ قاعدة السطول‬q. al-usṭūl or
sitting, sedentary; glued to the seat, not ‫( قاعدة بحرية‬baḥrīya) naval base; ‫قاعدة البلد‬
budging, firmly seated; lazy, inert, capital of the country; ‫( قاعدة جوية‬jawwīya)
indolent airbase; ‫( قاعدة حربية‬ḥarbīya) base of
operation; ‫ قاعدة الملك‬q. al-mulk seat of
government; ‫ مَساحة القاعدة‬misāḥat al-q.
base, basal surface
‫ مَقعد‬muq‘ad brought to a standstill, contract, shrink; to bristle, stand on and
stopped, arrested; lame, crippled, disabled, (hair)
infirm; an invalid ‫ قفة‬quffa pl. ‫ قفف‬qufaf large basket;
‫ مَتقاعد‬mutaqā‘id retired; pensioner (Mesopotamian) round boat, gufa (ir.)
‫ قعر‬qa‘ara u (‫ قعارة‬qa‘āra) to be deep, ‫ قفر‬quffa, qaffa feverish shiver, ague fit
hollowed out II to make deep or deeper, ‫ قفر‬qafara u (qafr): ‫( قفر اثره‬atarahū) to follow
deepen (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to hollow out, make s.o.’s tracks, track s.o. IV to be or become
hollow, excavate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cry, shout, empty, bleak, desolate, deserted,
scream │ ‫( قعر في كلمَه‬kalāmihī) to speak depopulated, unihabited, devastated,
gutturally IV to make deep or deeper, waste; to be destitute, be devoid (‫ مَن‬of) to
deepen (‫ هـ‬a well) V to be depressed, sunk, ravage, lay waste, devastate, desolate,
low, deep, hollowed out, dished, concave; depopulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to abandon, leave in
to descend to the bottom a state of desolation (‫ هـ‬houses, a city); to
‫ قعر‬qa‘r pl. ‫ قعور‬qu‘ūr bottom; depth; gnaw off, pick (‫ هـ‬a bone) VIII to follow
keel (of a ship); pit, hole, hollow, cavity, s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬tracks, track (‫ ه‬s.o.)
depression │ ‫( مَن القعر صاعدا‬ṣā‘idan) from ‫ قفر‬qalr pl. ‫ قفار‬qifār desert, wasteland,
the ground up desolate region; empty, bleak, forsaken,
‫ قعرة‬qa‘ra pit, hole, hollow, cavity, forlorn, deserted, lifeless, uninhabited,
depression depopulated, devastated, desolate, waste;
destitute, devoid (‫ مَن‬of) │ (‫ارض قفر )قفار‬
‫ قعور‬qa‘ūr deep
(arḍ) wasteland; ‫( خبز قفر‬kubz) plain bread,
‫ قعير‬qa‘īr deep dry bread
‫ مَقعر‬muqa‘‘ar depressed, sunk, low, ‫ قفرة‬qafra pl. qafarāt desert, wasteland,
deep; hollow, dished, concave; curved; desolate region
obscure (language)
‫ خبز قفار‬kubzun qafārun plain bread, dry
‫ قعس‬qa‘isa a (qa‘s) to have a bread
protruding chest and hollow back, be
‫ قفير‬qafīr pl. ‫ قفران‬qufrān beehive
pigeon-breasted VI to remain aloof, keep
away, stay away, desist, refrain (‫ عن‬from); ‫ بادية قفراء‬bādiya qafrā’2 arid desert
to hesitate, waver, be reluctant (‫ عن‬to do ‫ اقفار‬iqfār emptiness bleakness,
s.th.); to fail, neglect (‫ عن‬to do s.th.); to be desolateness, desolation; ravage,
uninterested (‫ عن‬in) XIV ‫ اقعنسس‬iq‘ansasa devastation, depopulation
=I
‫ مَقفر‬muqfir empty, bleak, forsaken,
‫ اقعس‬aq‘asa having a protruding chest forlorn, deserted, lifeless, uninhabited,
and hollow back, pigeon-breasted │ ‫عز‬ depopulated, devastated, desolate, waste;
‫‘( اقعس‬izz) firmly established power destitute, devoid (‫ مَن‬of)
‫ تقاعس‬taqā‘us negligence ‫ قفز‬qafaza i (qafz, ‫ قفزان‬qafazān) to jump, leap,
‫ مَتقاعس‬mutaqā‘is hesitant, wavering, spring, hurdle, bound; to jump up, leap in
reluctant; negligent, careless, sloppy, the air; to jump off, take off V to put on or
listless, idle 780 wear gloves
‫ قعقع‬qa‘qa‘a (‫ قعقعة‬qa‘qa‘a) to clatter; to rattle; ‫ قفز‬qafz jumping (also athlet.) │ ‫القفز‬
to clank ‫( على الحبل‬ḥabl) skipping the rope; ‫القفز‬
‫ بالزانة‬pole vaulting; ‫ قفز طويل‬broad jump; ‫قف‬
‫ قعقع‬qa‘qa‘, qu‘qu‘ magpie
‫‘( ز عال‬ālin) high jump
‫ قعقعة‬qa‘qa‘a clatter; rattle; clank,
‫ قفزة‬qafza pl. qafazāt jump, leap, spring,
clang; noise, din; pl. ‫ قعاقع‬qa‘āaqi‘ high-
bound
sounding words
‫ قفاز‬quffāz pl. -āt, ‫ قفافيز‬qafāfīz2 glove; a
‫ قف‬qaffa u (‫ قفوف‬qufūf) to be dry, withered,
pair of gloves
shriveled; to dry up, wither, shrivel; to
‫ قفيز‬qafīz pl. ‫ اقفزة‬aqfiza cafiz, a dry (tijārīya, baḥrīya) or ‫ قافلة السفن‬q. as-sufun
measure, ca. 496-640 l, = 16 whibas naval convoy
(Tun.) (‫ قفا )قفو‬qafā u (qafw) to follow (‫ اثره‬atarahū
‫ مَقفز‬maqfiz springboard s.o.’s tracks) II to send (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه ه‬s.o. after
s.o. else); to rhyme, put into rhyme VIII ‫اقت‬
‫ قفش‬qafaša i u (qafš) to gather, collect (‫هـ‬
‫( فى اثره‬atarahū) to follow s.o.’s tracks,
s.th.); (eg.) to catch, seize, grasp, grab; to
track s.o.; to follow up, pursue s.o. (mil.);
find out, discover (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
to follow in s.o.’s tracks, follow s.o.’s
‫ قفش‬qafš prattle, chatter example, imitate s.o.
‫ قفشات‬qafazāt (pl.) jokes ‫ قفا‬qafan m. and f., pl. ‫ اقفية‬aqfiya, ‫اقف‬
‫ قفص‬qafaṣ pl. ‫ اقفاص‬aqfāṣ cage; birdcage; pen, aqfin, ‫ اقفاء‬aqfā’, ‫ قفي‬qufīy, qifīy nape;
coop, wired enclosure; basket (made of occiput, back of the head; back; reverse;
palm fronds); thorax, chest; (prisoner’s) wrong side (of a fabric)
dock (= ‫ قفص الَتهام‬q. al-ittihām) ‫ قفاء‬qafā’ nape; occiput, back of the
‫ تقفيصة‬taqfīṣa poultry coop head

‫ قفطان‬qufṭān pl. ‫ قفاطين‬qafāṭīn caftam, a long- ‫ اقتفاء‬iqtifā’ following (of s.o.’s tracks),
sleeved outer garment, open in front and tracking; imitation
fastened by a ḥizām ‫ قافية‬qāfiya pl. ‫ قواف‬qawāfin rhyme;
‫ القفقاس‬al-qafqās the Caucasus (eg.) play on words, pun, double,
entendre; nape
‫ قفع‬qafa‘a a (qafa‘) to contract; to shrink; to
shrivel, become wrinkled II to shrivel (‫هـ‬ ‫ قيقب‬look up alphabetically
the fingers; of the cold) V = I ‫ قاقلي‬,‫ قاقلة‬and ‫ قاقم‬look up alphabetically
‫ قفع‬qaf‘ testudo 781 ‫ قل‬qalla i (qill, qull, ‫ قلة‬qilla) to be or become
‫ قفقف‬qafqafa (‫ قفقفة‬qafqafa) and II taqafqafa to little, small, few (in number or quantity),
shiver with cold trifling, insignificant, inconsiderable,
scant, scanty, sparse, spare, meager; to be
‫ قفل‬qafala u i (‫ قفول‬qufūl) to come home, come rare, scarce; to be of rare occurrence,
back, return; -- i (qafl) to shut, close (‫هـ‬ happen seldom; to decrease, diminish,
s.th.); to latch, lock, shut up, bolt (‫ هـ‬s.th.); wane, grow less; to be or become less,
to accumulate, amass, hoard (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II littler, smaller, fewer (in number or
and IV to padlock (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to shut, close ( quantity), more trifling, less significant,
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to switch off, shut off, turn off (‫هـ‬ less considerable, scanter, scantier, sparser
s.th.); to cut off, stop (‫ هـ‬the supply of), (‫ عن‬than); to be second, be inferior (‫ عن‬to
block, bar, close (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to latch, lock, s.o.) -- (qall) to pick up, raise, lift (‫ ه‬,‫عن هـ‬
shut up, bolt (‫ هـ‬s.th.) s.o., s.th. from the ground); to carry (‫هـ‬
‫ قفل‬qufl pl. ‫ اقفال‬aqfāl, ‫ قفول‬qufūl s.th.) │ ‫( الَ مَا قل وندر‬illā, wa-nadara) but
padlock; lock, latch; bolt; O lock (of a for a few exceptions, with a few
canal) exceptions only; ‫( قل صبره‬ṣabruhū) to be
impatient lose one’s patience II to make
‫ قفال‬qaffāl locksmith little or leas, diminish, lessen, decrease,
‫ اقفال‬iqfāl shutting, closing, closure; reduce, do seldom or less frequently (.
shutting up; locking, bolting; stoppage, or .,.. s.th.) IV = II; to do or give little (‫مَن‬
blocking, blockage, barring, obstruction in or of); to pick up, raise, lift (‫ ه‬,‫ عن هـ‬s.o.,
s.th. from the ground); to be able to carry (
‫ قافل‬qāfil pl. ‫ قافلة‬qāfila, ‫ قفال‬quffāl
‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to carry, transport, convey
home-coming, returning; homecomer,
(‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to think little (‫ هـ‬of),
repatriate
scorn, disdain, despise (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to find (
‫ قافلة‬qāfila pl. ‫ قوافل‬qawāfil2 caravan; ‫ هـ‬s.th.) little, small, inconsiderable,
column; convoy │ ‫قافلة )تجارية( بحرية‬ insignificant, trifling; to esteem lightly,
undervalue, despise (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
make light (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of), set little store (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ meager, insufficient; scarce, rare; a small
by), care little (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬for); to pick up, raise, number, a small quantity, a modicum, a
lift (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to carry, transport, little (‫ مَن‬of); ‫ قليلا‬qalīlan a little,
convey (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to board (‫ هـ‬s.th., somewhat; seldom, rarely │ ‫ قليلا مَا‬seldom,
e.g., a ship, a carriage, or the like); to rise; rarely; ‫ قليلا قليلا‬by and by, slowly,
to be independent; to possess alone (‫ب‬ gradually; ‫ الكل الَ قليلا‬al-kull illā q. almost
s.th.) │ ‫( استقل بحمل‬bi-ḥimlin) to assume a everything, nearly all; ‫ بعد قليل‬a little later,
burden; ‫( استقل بصنعه‬bi-ṣan‘ihī) he alone some time later on, shortly afterward;
made it, he was the only one who made it; shortly, before long; ‫ عن قليل‬or ‫عما قليل‬
782 ‫( استقل بنفسه‬bi-nafsihī) to be entirely (‘ammā) soon, before long, shortly; ‫ليس مَنه‬
self-reliant, be left to one’s own devices; ‫ لَ بقليل ولَ بكثير‬to have absolutely nothing
to be independent, manage without others, to do with s.th.; ‫ قليل الدب‬q. al-adab
get along by oneself; (‫استقل بمهمة )بواجب‬ uncivil, impolite, rude, uncouth; ‫قليل الحياء‬
(bi-muhimmatin, bi-wājibin) to assume a q. al-ḥayā’ shameless, brazen, impudent,
task (or duty) insolent, impertinent; ‫ قليل الَرتفاع‬low; ‫قليل‬
‫ الصبر‬q. aṣ-ṣabr impatient; ‫قليل الوجود‬
‫ قلما‬qallamā (conj.) seldom, rarely;
scanty, scarce; rare
scarcely, barely, hardly
‫ اقل‬aqalla less; fewer; smaller; rarer; ‫الق‬
‫ قل‬qill, qull littleness, smallness,
‫ ل‬the least, the minimum │ ‫ على القل‬or ‫بالق‬
fewness; insignificance,
‫ ل‬at the very least; at least; ‫( على اقل تقدير‬at
inconsiderableness, triviality, paucity,
the lowest estimate) = ‫على القل; لَ اقل مَن ان‬
paltriness, scarceness, sparseness,
(aqalla) the least one can do is to ...; I
scantiness, insufficiency; a little, a small
(you, etc.) could at least ...; ‫اقل مَن القليل‬
number, a small quantity, a modicum; --
quite insignificant, all but negligible; ‫واقل‬
qill tremor
‫ مَن هذا وذاك ان‬let alone that …, not to
‫ قلة‬qalla recovery, recuperation; mention that …, to say nothing of ...
restoration of prosperity
‫ اقلية‬aqallīya smaller number, numerical
‫ قلة‬qulla highest point; top, summit; inferiority; (pl. -āt) minority
apex; vertex; (cannon) ball; (pl. ‫ قلل‬qulal)
‫ تقليل‬taqlīl decrease, diminution,
jug, pitcher
reduction
‫ قلة‬qilla pl. ‫ قلل‬qilal littleness, fewness;
‫ اقلل‬iqlāl decrease, diminution,
smallness, inconsiderableness,
reduction
insignificance, triviality; paucity,
paltriness, scantiness, sparseness; ‫ استقلل‬istiqlāl independence
scarceness, rareness, rarity; minority; lack, ‫ استقللي‬istiqlālī of or pertaining to
want, deficiency, insufficiency, scarcity │ independence, independence (used
‫ قلة الحساس‬q. al-iḥsās insensitivity, attributively); proponent of independence
obtuseness; ‫ قلة الحياء‬q. al-ḥayā’
shamelessness, impudence, insolence, ‫ مَقل‬muqill propertyless, unpropertied,
impertinence; ‫ قلة الصبر‬q. aṣ-ṣabr without means, poor, destitute
impatience; ‫ قلة الوجود‬scantiness, scarcity; ‫ مَستقل‬mustaqill independent;
rareness, rarity; ‫ جمع القلة‬jam‘ al-q. (gram.) autonomous; separate, distinct, particular
plural of paucity (for persons or things
whose number is between three and ten) ‫ قلووظ‬, ‫( قلووز‬Turk. kılavuz) qalāwūẓ ship’s
pilot; screw
‫ بقليته‬bi-qillīyatihī completely, wholly,
entirely │ ‫( رحلوا بقليتهم‬raḥalū) they setout ‫ قلية‬qallāyz pl. -āt, ‫ قللي‬qalālīy
all together or with bag and baggage (monastic) cell; residence of the Coptic
Patriarch (Chr.) 783
‫ قليل‬qalīl pl. ‫ اقلء‬aqillā’, ‫ قلائل‬qalā’il2, ‫قل‬
‫ ل‬qilāl little; few; insignificant, ‫ قلب‬qalaba i (qalb) to turn around, turn about,
inconsiderable, trifling; small (in number turn up(ward), upturn (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to turn,
or quantity), scant, scanty, spare, sparse, turn over (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to turn face up or face
down (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to turn inside out or
outside in (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to turn upside down ( ‫( البؤس‬ramḍā’ l-bu’s) to live in utmost
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tip, tilt over, topple over (‫هـ‬ misery VII to be turned, be turned around,
s.th.); to invert, reverse (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be turned about, be turned up(ward), be
overturn, upset, topple (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to capsize upturned, be turned over; to be reversed,
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to roll over (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to subvert, be inverted; to be turned inside out or
overthrow (‫ هـ‬a government); to change, outside in; to be turned upside down, be
alter, turn, transform, convert, transmute ( toppled, get knocked over; to be
‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. to or into s.th.); to overturned, be upset, be overthrown; to be
transpose (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to exchange rolled, over; to overturn, somersault; to
capsize; to be changed, be altered, be
(‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. for s.th.) │ ‫( قلبه رأسا‬ra’san) to
transformed, be converted, be transmuted;
turn s.th. upside down; ‫قلب له ظهر المجن‬
to change, turn (‫ هـ‬or ‫ الى‬into s.th.),
(ẓahra l-mijan) to show s.o. the back of
become (‫ هـ‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.); to turn (‫على‬
the shield, i.e., to give s.o. the cold
against; ‫ الى‬to); to return; (with foil.
shoulder, become hostile to s.o. II to turn,
imperi.) to proceed suddenly to do s.th.,
turn around, turn about, turn up(ward),
shift, instantly to s.th., change over to s.th.
upturn, turn over (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to turn face up
│ ‫( انقلب ظهرا لبطن‬ẓahra li-baṭnin) to be
or face down (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to turn inside out
turned topsy-turvy; to be completely
or outside in (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to turn upside down
devastated; ‫ انقلب الى الهجوم‬to take the
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tip, tilt over, topple over (‫هـ‬
offensive
s.th.); to invert, reverse (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
overturn, upset, overthrow, topple (‫هـ‬ ‫ قلب‬qalb reversal, inversion; overturn,
s.th.); to capsize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to roll over (‫هـ‬ upheaval; conversion, transformation,
s.th.); to turn, turn over (‫ هـ‬pages); to transmutation; transposition (of letters),
rummage, ransack, rake (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to roll ( metathesis (gram.); perversion, change,
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stir (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to examine, study, alteration; overthrow (of a government)
scrutinize, investigate (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to ‫ قلب‬qalb pl. ‫ قلوب‬qulūb heart; middle,
change, alter, turn, transform, convert, center; core, gist, essence; marrow,
transmute (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. to or into medulla, pith; the best or choicest part;
s.th.) │ ‫( قلبه بين يديه‬yadaihi) to turn s.th. mind, soul, spirit │ ‫ قلب السد‬q. al-asad
around in one’s hands, fidget with s.th.; ‫قلب‬ Regulus (star α in the constellation Leo;
‫( ه بعقله‬bi-’aqlihī) to turn s.th. over in one’s 784 astron.); ‫ قلب الهجوم‬center forward
mind, reflect on s.th., ponder s.th., brood (soccer); ‫ سويداء القلوب‬suwaidā’ al-q. the
over s.th.; ‫( قلبه ظهرا لبطن‬ẓahran li-baṭnin) innermost of the heart, the bottom of the
to turn s.th. completely upside down, turn heart; ‫ ضعيف القلب‬fainthearted,
s.th. topsy-turvy, turn s.th. over and over; pusillanimous, recreant, cowardly; ‫قاسي‬
‫( قلب كفيه‬kaffaihi) to repent, be grieved; to ‫ القلب‬qāsī l-q. hardhearted, callous, pitiless,
be embarrassed; ‫( قلب فيه البصر‬baṣara) or merciless, cruel; ‫ قساوة القلب‬qasāwat al-q.
‫( قلب فيه النظر‬naẓara) to scrutinize, eye, hardheartedness, callousness, pitilessness,
regard s.th. V to be turned around, be cruelty; ‫ انقباض القلب‬dejectedness,
turned over, be reversed, be inverted; to be despondency, dispiritedness, depression;
overturned, get knocked over (e.g., a ‫( عن ظهر القلب‬ẓahri l-q.) by heart; ‫مَن صميم‬
glass); to toss and turn, toss about; to ‫ القلب‬from the bottom of the heart, most
writhe, twist, squirm, wriggle; to be sincerely; ‫ مَن كل قلبه‬with all his heart; ‫قلبا‬
changed, be altered, change; to fluctuate ‫ وقالبا‬qalban wa-qālaban with heart and
(prices); to be changeable, variable, soul; inwardly and outwardly; (‫قلوبات )السكر‬
inconstant, fickle (‫ في‬in s.th.); to move qulūbāt (as-sukkar) small candies,
(about), live, be at home (‫ في‬in); to lozenges
dispose (‫ في‬of), have at one’s disposal (‫في‬
s.th.) │ ‫( تقلب في وظائف عديدة‬waẓā’ifa ‫ قلبي‬qalbī of or pertaining to the heart,
‘adīdatin) he held numerous offices; ‫تقلب‬ heart- (in compounds), cardiac, cardiacal;
(‫( في النعمة )النعيم‬ni‘ma), ‫تقلب في اعطاف العيش‬ cordial, hearty, warm, sincere; ‫قلبيا‬
‫( الناعم‬a. il-‘aiš) to lead a life of ease and qalbīyan cordially, heartily, warmly,
comfort, live in prosperity; ‫تقلب على رمَضاء‬ sincerely
‫ قلب‬qulb, qalb, qilb palm pith, palm inverse, reverse(d), etc.; infolded (bem,
core (edible tuber growing at the upper seam); reciprocal (math.) │ ‫ بالمقلوب‬topsy-
end of the palm trunk); qulb bracelet, turvy; upside down; wrong side out; the
bangle other way round, reversely, conversely,
vice versa
‫ قلبة‬qalba (eg.) lapel; (pl. -āt) a measure
of capacity (Tun.; = 20 l) ‫ مَتقلب‬mutaqallib, also ‫مَتقلب الطوار‬
(‫ )الحوال‬wavering, vacillating, changeable,
‫ قلب‬qullab tending to change; agile,
variable, inconstant, unsteady, fickle,
adaptable, resourceful; versatile, many-
capricious
sided, of varied skills or talents
‫ مَنقلب‬munqalab (place of overthrow,
‫ قالب‬qālab, qālib pl. ‫ قوالب‬qawālib2
i.e.) the hereafter, the end one meets in
form; mold; cake pan; model; matrix; last,
death, the way of all flesh, final destiny;
boot tree, shoe tree │ ‫ قالب جبن‬q. jubn a
tropic │ ‫( مَنقلب‬šatawī) Tropic of
chunk or loaf of cheese; ‫ قالب سكر‬q. sukar
Capricorn; ‫( مَنقلب صيفي‬ṣaifī) Tropic of
sugar loaf; ‫ قالب صابون‬q. ṣābūn a cake or
Cancer 785
bar of soap; ‫( قلبا وقالبا‬qalban) with heart
and soul; inwardly and outwardly ‫ قلبق‬qalbaq a tall, usually cylindrical, fur cap
1
‫ قليب‬qalīb m. and f., pl. ‫ اقلبة‬aqliba, ‫قلب‬ ‫ قلح‬qalaḥ yellowness of the teeth
qulub, ‫ قلبان‬qulbān well ‫ قلاح‬qulāḥ yellowness of the teeth
‫ قلوب‬qalūb tending to change; agile, 2
‫قولحة‬qaulaḥa pl. ‫ قوالح‬qawāliḥ2 (eg.) cob (of
adaptable, resourceful; versatile, many- corn, and the like)
sided
1
‫قلد‬II to adorn with a necklace (‫ ها‬a woman);
‫ قلاب‬qallāb changeable, variable, to gird (‫ ه هـ‬s.o. with); to invest (‫ ه هـ‬s.o.
unsteady, inconstant, fickle, wavering, with an office), appoint (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. to an
vacillating; reversible, tiltable; dumper; office), award (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. a decoration, an
tip wagon, skip │ ‫‘( عربة قلابة‬araba) order), confer (‫ هـ ه‬upon s.o. a rank); to
tipcart; ‫( قلاب خلط‬kallāṭ) rotary mixer grant (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. a favor); to entrust (‫هـ ه‬
‫ قلابة‬qallāba agitator, stirring machine s.o. with the rule or government of s.th.),
give (‫ ه‬s.o.) authority or power (‫ هـ‬over
‫ مَقلب‬maqlab pl. ‫ مَقالب‬maqālib2 (eg.)
s.th.); to follow blindly another’s (‫)ه‬
refuse dump, dump pile, dump; intrigue,
opinion; to copy, ape, imitate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
scheme. plot; April fool’s joke
forge, counterfeit (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to put on or
‫ مَقلب‬miqlab pl. ‫ مَقالب‬maqālib2 hoe wear a necklace, adorn o.s. with a
‫ تقليب‬taqlīb: ‫‘ عند تقليب النظر‬inda t. in- necklace; to gird o.s. (‫ هـ‬with), put on (‫هـ‬
naẓar on closer inspection or examination, s.th.); to take upon o.s., assume (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
when examined more closely to take over (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. power, control,
government)
‫ تقلب‬taqallub pl. -āt alteration,
transformation, change; variation; ‫ قلادة‬qilāda pl. ‫ قلائد‬qalā’id2 necklace; pl.
fluctuation (of prices); changeableness, ‫ قلائد‬exquisite poems
variableness, unsteadiness, inconstancy, ‫ مَقلد‬miqlad pl. ‫ مَقالد‬maqālid2 key
fickleness; pl. vicissitudes, ups and downs
‫ مَقلاد‬miqlād pl. ‫ مَقاليد‬maqālīd2 key │ ‫مَقالي‬
│ ‫( تقلب جوي‬jawwī) change of weather;
‫ د المَور‬key positions, power; ‫ مَقاليد الحكم‬m.
‫ سريع التقلب‬very changeable, very fickle,
al-ḥukm the reins of government or
capricious
power; ‫( تسلم مَقاليد الحكم‬tasallama) to take
‫ انقلاب‬inqilāb upheaval; revolution, over (the reins of) government, seize
overthrow, bouleversement; alteration, power; ‫( القى اليه مَقاليد المَور‬alqā) to entrust
transformation, change; solstice │ ‫دائرة‬ s.o. with the management, put s.o. in
‫ الَنقلاب‬tropic (geogr.) charge
‫ مَقلوب‬maqlūb turned over, turned
upside down, turned about, inverted,
‫ تقليد‬taqlīd pl. ‫ تقاليد‬taqālīd2 imitation; root out, exterminate, 786 extirpate (
copying; blind, unquestioning adoption ‫هـ‬s.th.) IV to set sail, prepare to sail, get
(of concepts or ideas); uncritical faith under sail; to sail, put to sea, depart (ship);
to take off (airplane); to desist, abstain,
(e.g., in a source’s authoritativeness);
refrain (‫ عن‬from); leave off, abandon, give
adoption of the legal decision of a
up, renounce, relinquish (‫ عن‬s.th.) VIII to
madhab (lsl. Law); pl. tradition;
pluck out, tear out, pull out, weed out,
convention, custom, usage
uproot (‫ عن‬s.th.); to root out, exterminate,
‫ تقليدي‬taqlīdī traditional, customary, extirpate (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
conventional; based on uncritical faith
‫ قلع‬qil’ pl. ‫ قلوع‬qul’, ‫ قلع‬qilā’ sail (of a
(e.g., in a source’s authoritativeness)
ship)
‫ مَقلد‬muqalld imitated, imitation,
‫ قلعة‬qal’a pl. ‫ قلاع‬qilā’, ‫ قلوع‬qulū’
forged, counterfeit(ed), fake, sham,
fortress, stronghold, fort; citadel
spurious, false; tradition-bound
2 ‫ قلاع‬qulā’ thrush, canker of the mouth,
‫ اقليد‬iqlīd pl. ‫ اقاليد‬aqālīd2 key
ulcerative stomatitis, stomacace (med.)
‫ بحر القلزم‬baḥr al-qulzum the Red Sea
‫ قلاعي‬qulā’ī: ‫( الحمى القلاعية‬ḥummā)
1
‫ قلس‬qalasa i (qals) to belch, burp, eruct II to footand-and-mouth disease
bow (‫ ل‬to s.o.); (eg.) to make fun (‫ على‬of),
‫ مَقلع‬maqla’ pl. ‫ مَقالع‬maqāli’2 stone
poke fun (‫ على‬at), ridicule (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.)
quarry
2
‫قلس‬II to put a cap (‫ قنلسوة‬qalansuwa, q.v., ‫ ه‬on
‫ مَقلاع‬miqlā’2 pl. ‫ مَقاليع‬maqālī’2 slingshot,
s.o.’s head)
sling; catapult
3
‫ قلس‬qals pl. ‫ قلوس‬qulūs hawser, cable, rope
‫ اقلاع‬iqlā’ sailing, departure (of a ship);
1
‫ قلش‬II to molt take-off (of an airplane)
‫ تقليش‬taqlīš molting, molt ‫ قلعط‬qal’aṭa to soil, sully, smirch (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
2
‫( قالوش‬Fr. galoche) galōš pl. -āt galosh, ‫ قلعوط‬qul’ūṭ a heretic
overshoe 1
‫ قلف‬qalafa i (qalf) to hark (‫ هـ‬a tree), strip the
2
‫ قلشين‬qalšīn pl. ‫ قلاشين‬qalāšīn puttee bark (‫ هـ‬from a tree); -- u (qalf); ‫قلف قلفته‬
‫ قلص‬qalaṣa i (‫ قلص‬qulūṣ) to contract; to shrink (qulfatahū) to circumcise s.o.
(laundered garment); to decrease, ‫ قلف‬qilf bark, rind (of a tree)
diminish; to dwindle, fade, wane, decline;
‫ قلفة‬qulfa pl. ‫ قلف‬qulaf foreskin, prepuce
to become shorter, recede (shadow) │ ‫قلص‬
‫( ظله‬ẓilluhū) his prestige declined; it ‫ قلافة‬qulāfa bark, rind (of a tree)
decreased, dwindled, faded II to contract, ‫ قلف‬aqlaf2 uncircumcised
draw together (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tuck up, roll up
2
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) V = I; ‫تقلص ظله = قلص ظله‬ ‫ قلف‬II to calk (‫ هـ‬a ship)
‫ اقلص‬aqlaṣa2 shorter ‫ قلافة‬qilāfa calking
3
‫ تقلص‬taqallaṣa contraction, shrinking, ‫ قلفة‬qalfa pl. -āt (tun.) foreman; workman,
shrinkage manual laborer
‫ قليط‬qillīṭ scrotal hernia ‫ قلفط‬qalfaṭa to calk (‫ هـ‬a ship); (eg.) to do
sloppy work, scamp, bungle
‫ قليط‬qllīṭ afflicted with scrotal hernia
‫ قلفون‬qalafūn and ‫ قلفونية‬qalafūnīya rosin,
‫ قلع‬qala‘a a (qal‘) to pluck out, tear out, colophony
pull out, weed out, uproot (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to root
out, exterminate, extirpate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ قلق‬qaliqa a (qalaq) to totter, be unsteady; to
take off (‫ هـ‬clothes) │ ‫ قلعه مَه جذوره‬to pull be or become uneasy, disquieted,
out s.th. with the root, II to pluck out, tear apprehensive, anxious, excited, agitated,
out, pull out, weed out, uproot (. s.th.); to upset, perturbed, troubled, disturbed; to be
restless, be sleepless, pass, a sleepless
night, find no sleep IV to trouble, worry, │ ‫( قلم اظفار خصمه‬aẓāfira kaṣmihī) to
alarm, disturb, upset, disconcert, disquiet, neutralize, disarm one’s opponent
discompose, discomfit, discomfort, make ‫ قلم‬qalam pl. ‫ اقلام‬aqlām reed pen; pen;
uneasy or anxious (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to make writing, script, calligraphic style, ductus;
restless, fill with uneasiness or anxiety, handwriting; style; office, bureau, agency,
perturb, agitate, excite (‫ ه‬s.o.); to rob s.o. ( department; window, counter; item, entry
‫ )ه‬of his rest (com.); (eg.) stripe, streak, line; (eg.)
‫ قلق‬qalaq unrest, uneasiness, disquiet, slapin the face │ ‫ بقلمه‬bi-qalamihī written
alarm; agitation, excitement, perturbation; by him; ‫ قلم الحبر‬q. al-ḥibr fountain pen; ‫قلم‬
stir, sensation; anxiety, apprehensiveness, ‫( حبر جاف‬jāff) and ‫ قلم حبر ناشف‬ball-point
apprehension, fear, worry, concern; pen; ‫ قلم التحرير‬editor’s office, editing
restlessness; sleeplessness; impatience room; ‫ قلم الحركة‬q. al-ḥaraka traffic bureau;
‫ قلم الحسابات‬q. al-ḥisābāt accounting
‫ قلق‬qaliq uneasy, disquieted;
department; ‫ قلم الدارة‬q. al-idāra
apprehensive, worried, concerned,
administration office, head office; ‫قلم‬
anxious; agitated, excited, perturbed,
‫ الرصاص‬q. ar-raṣāṣ pencil; ‫ قلم السياحة‬travel
upset; disturbed, troubled; restless;
agency; ‫ قلم الَستعمالَت‬information bureau;
sleepless; impatient
‫ قلم المطبوعات‬press and information office;
‫ قلوق‬qalūq (eg.) restless ‫ قلم القيودات‬bureau of vital statistics, (G.B.)
‫ اقلاق‬iqlāq disquieting, troubling, (general) register office; ‫ قلم الكتاب‬q. al-
perturbation; disturbance kuttāb clerical office; O ‫ قلم الكوبية‬q. al-
kūbīya indelible pencil, copying pencil; ‫قلم‬
‫ مَقلق‬muqliq intrigant, schemer, ‫( المرور‬Eg.) Traffic Control Board
troublemaker
‫ قلامَة‬qulāma pl. -āt clippings, cuttings,
‫ قلقاس‬qulqās (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt a variety of parings, shavings; nail cuttings
taro or elephant’s ear (Colocasia
antiquorum; bot.) ‫ مَقلمة‬miqlama pl. -āt pen case

‫ قلقل‬qalqala to move, commove, shake, ‫ تقليم‬taqlīm clipping, trimming, paring;


convulse, unsettle (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to pruning, lopping (of trees) │ ‫تقليم الظافر‬
disturb, trouble, harass (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.; s.th.); to manicure
disquiet, alarm, excite, agitate (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., ‫ مَقلم‬muqallam clipped, trimmed,
s.th.); to stir up, incite to rebellion (‫ ه‬s.o.); pruned; (eg.) striped, streaked │ ‫مَقلم الظفر‬
to pronounce accurately (the ‫ )ق‬II m. aẓ-ẓufr powerless, helpless, weak
taqalqala to be or get in state of 2
‫ اقلم‬aqlama to acclimate, acclimatize, adapt,
commotion, be shaken, be convulsed, be
adjust II ta’aqlama to acclimatize (o.s. )
unsettled, be disturbed, be troubled, 787
be disquieted, be alarmed, be excited, be ‫ اقليم‬iqlīm pl. ‫ اقاليم‬aqālīm2 area, region;
agitated; to be stirred up, be incited to province; administrative district (Eg. =
rebellion, be incensed, be rebellious; to ‫ مَديرية ; القاليم‬the country, countryside,
move, budge (‫ مَن‬from one’s place), stir; to provinces (as opposed to the city)
be shaky, precarious, insecure (situation) ‫ اقليمي‬iqlīmī climatic; regional, local;
‫ قلقلة‬qalqala pl. ‫ قلاقل‬qalāqil2 unrest, territorial │ ‫( المياه القليمية‬miyāh) territorial
excitement, agitation, commotion; shock, waters, coastal waters
convulsion, concussion; disturbance ‫ قلندار‬qalandār wandering dervish, calendar
‫( قلقيلة‬eg.) qulqēla pl. -āt clod, lump of ‫ قلنس‬II taqalnasa to wear a cap
earth
‫ قلنسوة‬qalansuwa and ‫ قلنسية‬qulansiya pl.
‫ مَقلقل‬muqalqal in a state of commotion, ‫ قلانيس‬qalānīs2 tall headgear, tiara, cidaris;
agitated, shaken, unsettled, etc.; unstable, hood, cowl, capuche; cap
inconstant, unsteady
1 (‫ قلو‬and ‫ قلا )قلي‬qalā ū (qalw) and ‫قلى‬
‫ قلم‬qalama i (qalm) to cut, clip, pure (‫ هـ‬nails, qalā i (qaly) to fry, bake, roast (‫ هـ‬s.th.); --
etc.), prune, trim, lop (‫ هـ‬trees, etc.) II do.
‫ قلا‬qalā u (‫ قلا‬qilan, ‫ قلء‬qalā’), ‫ قلى‬qalā i ‫ قمح‬II to give a portion only, pay an installment
and ‫ قلي‬qaliya a (‫ قلى‬qilan, ‫ قلء‬qalā’, ‫مَقلية‬ (‫ ه‬to s.o.) IV to put forth ears, ear, ripen
maqliya) to hate, loathe, detest (‫ ه‬s.o.) (grain) │ ‫( اقمح بانفه‬bi-anfih`i) to be proud,
bear one’s head high
‫ قلو‬qilw, ‫ قلى‬qilan, qily alkali, base, lye
(chem.) ‫ قمح‬qamḥ wheat
‫ قلوي‬qilwī alkaline, basic; ‫ القلويات‬al- ‫ قمحي‬qamḥī wheat-colored, wheaten
qilwīyāt the bases (chem.) ‫ قمحة‬qamḥa pl. -āt wheat kernel; grain
‫ قلية‬qallāya frying vessel, cooking (in Eg. = .04875 g = ¼ ‫)قيراط‬
vessel; see also below ‫ شهرا قماح‬šahrā qumāḥ (qimāḥ) the two
‫ مَقلى‬miqlan and ‫ مَقلة‬miqlāh pl. ‫مَقال‬ coldest months of winter
maqalin frying pan ‫ قماح‬qammāḥ grain merchant, corn
‫ تقلية‬taqliya (eg.) sauce made of garlic, chandler
coriander and melted butter and served as 1
‫ قمر‬qamara i (qamr) to gamble; -- i u to defeat
a condiment in gambling (‫ ه‬s.o.); passs. Qumira to lose
‫ قلوز‬qalwaza to wind (the turban) in gambling; -- qamira a (qamr) to be or
become snow-blind II to toast (‫ هـ‬bread)
‫ قلووز‬see under 788 ‫قلوظ‬
III to gamble (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to .take, risk,
‫ قلوظ‬qalwaza to join with screws, screw hazard (‫ ب‬s.th.); to bet, speculate (‫ على‬on)
together │ ‫( قامَر على الجواد الخاسر‬jawād) to bet on the
‫( قلاووظ‬also ‫ )قلاووز‬qalāwūẓ ship’s pilot; wrong horse IV to be moonlit (night) VI
screw to gamble with one another
1
‫ قلية‬qallāya (monk’s) cell; residence of the ‫ قمر‬qamar snow blindness; -- (pl. ‫اقمار‬
Coptic Patriarch aqmār) moon; satellite (astron.); ‫ القمران‬al-
2
qamarān sun and moon ‫ قمر الدين‬q. ad-dīn
‫قلية‬qillīya (monk’s) cell a kind of jelly made from apricots finely
‫ قم‬qamma u (qamm) to sweep (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ground and dried in the sun; ‫قمر كاذب‬
paraselene, mock moon (astron.); ‫حجر القمر‬
‫ قمة‬qimma pl. ‫ قمم‬qimam top, summit, ḥajar al-q. selenite (min.)
peak, acme, apex │ ‫ قمة الرأس‬q. ar-ra’s
crown of the head; O ‫ قمة الموجه‬q. al-mauja ‫ قمرة‬qamara (n. un.) pl. -āt crescent (as
wave peak (el.); ‫( هو حسن القمة‬ḥasan al-q.) an emblem on a uniform); (eg.)
he is well-built; ‫مَن قمة الرأس الى اخمص القدم‬ moonlight; (eg.) skylight; see also below
(akmaṣi l-qadam) or ‫مَن القمة الى الخمص‬ ‫ قمري‬qamarī of or pertaining to the
from head to toe moon, moon-shaped, moonlike, lunar │
‫ قمامَة‬qumāma sweepings, rubbish, ‫( الشهر القمرية‬ašhur) the lunar months;
refuse, garbage │ ‫ صندوق القمامَة‬ṣundūq al- ‫ الحروف القمرية‬the moon letters (gram.)
q. garbage bin ‫ قمري‬qumrī (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫قماري‬
2
‫ قمائم‬qamā’im sweepings, rubbish qamārīy a variety of turtledove
‫ مَقمة‬miqamma pl. ‫ مَقام‬maqamm2 broom ‫ ليلة قمرة‬laila qamira moonlit night
‫ قمؤ‬qamu’a u (‫ قماءة‬qamā’a) to be little, lowly, ‫ قمرية‬qamarīya pl. -āt (eg.) skylight,
despised, despicable; to feel inferior, feel small window
worthless ‫ قمراء‬qamrā’2 moonlight
‫ قميء‬qamī’ lowly, little, small; ‫ قمير‬qamīr pl. ‫ اقمار‬aqmār fellow
insignificant, of little value gambler, gambling partner, gambler
‫ قماءة‬qamā’a lowliness, littleness, ‫ اقمر‬aqmar2, ‫ قمراء‬qamrā’2 moonlit
smallness; insignificance, puniness, (night); moon-white, bright, whitish
inferiority, despicability
‫ مَقمر‬maqmar and ‫ مَقمرة‬maqmara pl. َ‫مَقام‬ ‫ قميص‬qamīṣ pl. ‫ قمص‬qumuṣ, ‫اقمصة‬
‫ ر‬maqāmir2 gambling house, gambling aqmiṣa, ‫ قمصان‬qumṣān shirt; dress, gown;
hell covering, cover, case, wrap, envelope,
jacket; (Chr.) alb, surplice, rochet;
‫ قمار‬qimār gambling; bet, wager │ ‫آلة‬
incarnation │ ‫( قميص افرنجي‬ifranjī) day
‫ لعب القمار‬ālat la’b al-q. lot machine
shirt, upper shirt; ‫ قميص النوم‬q. an-naum
‫ مَقامَرة‬muqāmara gambling 789 night-gown
‫ مَقمر‬muqammir, ‫( مَقمر كهربائي‬kahrabā’ī) ‫ تقميص‬taqmīṣ and ‫ تقمص‬taqammuṣ
toaster transmigration of souls, metempsychosis
‫ مَقمر‬muqammar (eg.) toast, toasted 3
‫ قمص‬qummuṣ pl. ‫ قمامَصة‬qamāmiṣa archpriest,
bread hegumen (Copt.-Chr.)
‫ مَقامَر‬muqāamir gambler ‫ قمط‬qamaṭa u i (qamṭ) to swaddle (‫ ه‬a baby); to
‫ مَقمر‬muqmir moonlit (night) fetter, shackle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to dress, bandage (‫هـ‬
2
a wound) II do.
‫( قمرة‬It. camera) qamara, qamra pl. –
āt berth, bunk, cabin, stateroom ‫ قمط‬qimṭ pl. ‫ اقماط‬aqmāṭ rope, fetter

‫ قمرق‬qumrug pl. ‫ قمارق‬qamāriq2 ‫ قمطة‬qamṭa a kind of kerchief (eg.)


customs (tun.) ‫ قماط‬qimāṭ pl. -āt, ‫ قمط‬qumuṭ, ‫اقمطة‬
‫ قمز‬qamaza u i (qamz) to take with the aqmiṭa swaddle, diaper
fingertips (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ قمطر‬qamaṭr, qimṭar pl. ‫ قماطر‬qamāṭir2
‫ قمس‬qamasa u i (qams) to dip, immerse, soak, receptacle for storing books; satchel
steep (‫ في ه‬s.th. in) ‫ قمع‬qama’a a (qam’) to tame, curb, bridle,
‫ قامَوس‬qāmūs pl. ‫ قوامَيس‬qawāmīs2 ocean; restrain, check, suppress, repress, subdue (
dictionary, lexicon ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to hinder, prevent (‫ عن ه‬s.o.
from) II (eg.) to cut off the upper end (‫هـ‬
‫ قومَس‬qaumas pl. ‫ قوامَس‬qawāmis2 depths of an okra) IV = I
of the sea; pl. mishaps, misfortunes,
adversities ‫ قمع‬qam’ repression, suppression,
1
curbing, prevention; taming, subdual,
‫ قمش‬qamaša u i (qamš) to pick up, gather up, quelling, subjection
collect (‫ هـ‬rubbish) II do.
‫ قمع‬qam’, qim’, qima’ pl. ‫ اقماع‬aqmā’
‫ قماش‬qumāš rubbish, garbage, refuse, funnel; -- (pl. ‫ قموع‬qumū’) stem (of a
offal, trash, junk; (pl. ‫ اقمشة‬aqmiša) fabric, fruit); pericarp │ ‫ قمع الخياط‬q. al-kayyāt
material, cloth │ ‫ قماش البيت‬q. al-bait thimble; ‫ قمع السيكارة‬cigar butt
household effects, furniture; ‫ قماش الناس‬the
scum of the earth, riff-raff ‫ قمقم‬qamqama and II ‫ تقمقم‬taqamqama to
complain, grumble, mutter
‫ قماش‬qammāš draper, cloth merchant
2
‫ قمقم‬qumqum and ‫ قمقمة‬qumquma pl. ‫قماقم‬
‫ قمشة‬qamša (eg.) strap, thong; leather whip, qamāqim2 a bulgy, long-necked bottle 790
cowhide
2
‫ قمل‬qamila a (qamal) to be lice-infested, teem
‫ قمص‬qamaṣa u i (qamṣ, ‫ قماص‬qumāṣ, qimāṣ) with lice V do.
to gallop; to spring, jump, leap, bound; to
kick II do. ‫ قمل‬qaml (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬louse

‫ قمص‬qamṣ gallop ‫ قمل‬qamil lousy, lice-infested


2
‫ قمص‬II to clothe with a shirt (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to put ‫ مَقمل‬muqammal lice-infested
on or wear a shirt; to be clothed, be vested 1
‫ قمن‬V to intend, purpose, propose (‫ هـ‬to do
(‫ هـ‬with), dress, attire o.s., wrap o.s. (‫ هـ‬in), s.th.)
cloak o.s. (‫ هـ‬in the mantle of; fig.); to
‫ قمن‬gamin worthy, deserving (‫ ب‬of
transmigrate, pass into another body
s.th.)
(spirit), materialize (‫ هـ‬in another body)
‫ قمين‬qamīn worthy (‫ ب‬of), adequate (‫ب‬ ‫ تقنين‬taqnīn legislation, lawmaking;
to), in keeping with (‫ ;)ب‬fit(ting), codification (jur.); regulation by law;
appropriate, suitable (‫ ب‬for), capable (‫ب‬ rationing
of) ‫ مَقنن‬muqannin legislative, lawmaking;
‫ مَقمن‬maqman adequate (‫ ل‬to), lawgiver, lawmaker, legislator
appropriate, suited, suitable, fit (‫ ل‬for) ‫ مَقنن‬muqannan determined, fixed
2
‫ قمين‬qamīn and ‫ قمينة‬qamīna pl. -āt kiln, ‫ قانئ‬qāni’ blood-red, deep-red
furnace
1 ‫ قنال‬qanāl canal │ ‫ قنال السويس‬the Suez Canal
‫ قن‬qunn pl. ‫ قنان‬qinān chicken coop, chicken
house ‫ قنب‬qanb pl. ‫ قنوب‬qunūb calyx
‫ قن‬qinn pl. ‫ اقنان‬aqnān, ‫ اقنة‬aqinna slave, ‫ قنب‬qunnab, qinnab hemp (Cannabis
serf indica; bot.) │ ‫ خيط القنب‬kaiṭ al-q. hemp
rope, string, cord, twine, packthread
‫ قنة‬qinna galbanum (bot.)
‫ قنبي‬qinnabī hempen, hemp (adj.)
‫ قنة‬qunna pl. -āt, ‫ قنن‬qunan, ‫ قنان‬qinān, ‫قن‬
‫ ون‬qunūn mountaintop, summit, peak ‫ مَقنب‬miqnab pl. ‫ مَقانب‬maqānib2 troop of
horsemen
‫ قنونة‬qunāna slavery, serfdom
1
‫ قنبار‬qunbār (ir.) bast rug, bast runner
‫ قنينة‬qinnīna pl. ‫ قنان‬qanānin bottle,
2
glass bottle; flask, flacon, vial ‫ قنبر‬qunbur (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ قنابر‬qanābir2
2 lark (zool.)
‫ قن‬II to make laws, legislate; to determine, fix
3
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ قنبرة‬qunbura pl. ‫ قنابر‬qanābir2 bomb
4
‫ قانون‬qānūn pl. ‫ قوانين‬qawānīn2 canon; ‫ قنبور‬qunbūr hump, hunch │ ‫ ابو قنبور‬abū
established principle, basic rule, axiom, qunbūr hunchback 791
norm, regulation, rule, ordinance, ‫ قنباز‬qunbāz pl. ‫ قنابيز‬qanābīz2 (syr.) a long,
prescript, precept, statute; law; code; tax, sleeved garment worn by men, open in
impost; (Tun.) tax on olives and dates; a front and fastened with a belt
stringed musical instrument resembling 1
the zither, with a shallow, trapezoidal ‫ قنبل‬qanbal and ‫ قنبلة‬qanbala pl. ‫ قنابل‬qanābil2
sound box, set horizontally before the troop of horsemen; troop, group, band
performer │ ‫( القانون الساسي‬asāsī) basic 2
‫ قنبل‬qanbala to bomb (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
constitutional law; statutes; ‫قانون التأسيس‬
statutes, constitution; ‫( القانون الجنائي‬jinā’ī) ‫ قنبلة‬qunbula pl. ‫ قنابل‬qanābil2 bomb,
criminal law, penal law; ‫قانون الحوال‬ bomb shell; grenade, shell │ ‫قنبلة حارقة‬
‫( الشخصية‬šakṣīya) personal statute; ‫القانون‬ incendiary bomb; ‫( قنبلة ذرية‬darrīya)
‫( الدستوري‬dustūrī) constitutional law; ‫القانون‬ atomic bomb, A bomb; ‫( قنبلة غازية‬gāzīya)
‫( الدولي‬duwalī) international law; ‫قانون‬ gas bomb, gas shell; ‫( قنبلة مَائية‬mā’īya)
‫ المرافعات‬q. al-murāfa’āt code of procedure depth charge; ‫( قنبلة مَحرقة‬muḥriqa)
(jur.; Eg.); ‫ قانون اصول المحاكمات الحقوقية‬do. incendiary bomb; ‫( قنبلة مَنفجرة‬munfajira)
(syr.); ‫ قانون السلك الداري‬q. as-silk al-idārī high-explosive bomb; ‫قنبلة هيدروجينية‬
administrative law; ‫( قانون كيماوي‬kīmāwī) (haidrōjīnīya) hydrogen bomb, H bomb;
chemical formula; ‫( القانون المدني‬madanī) ‫ قنبلة اليد‬q. al-yad or ‫( قنبلة يدوية‬yadawīya)
civil law hand grenade

‫ قانوني‬qānūnī canonical; legal, statutory; ‫ طائرة مَقنبلة‬ṭā’ira muqanbila bomber; ‫مَقنب‬


lawful, legitimate, licit, accordant with ‫ لات‬bombers
law or regulations, valid, regular; legist, ‫ قنبيط‬qunnabīṭ cauliflower
jurisprudent, jurist │ ‫( صيدلي قانوني‬ṣaidalī)
‫ قنت‬qanata u (‫ قنوت‬qunūt) to be obedient,
certified and licensed pharmacist; ‫غير‬
submissive, humble
‫ قانوني‬illegal
‫ قنوت‬qunūt obedience to God, humility
‫ قانونية‬qānūnīya legality, lawfulness
before God, devoutness, piety
‫ قنجة‬qanja pl. -āt, ‫ قناج‬qināj Nile boat despair, dishearten, discourage (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV
do.
‫ قند‬qand pl. ‫ قنود‬qunūd hard crystalline mass
formed by evaporating or boiling cane ‫ قنط‬qanaṯ and ‫ قنوط‬qunūṭ despair,
sugar, candy despondency, desperateness, hopelessness
‫ مَقنود‬maqnūd and ‫ مَقند‬muqannad ‫ قنط‬qaniṭ and ‫ قنوط‬qanūṭ despairing,
sweetened with qand desperate, disheartened, discouraged
‫ قندز‬qunduz and ‫ قندس‬qundus beaver ‫ قانط‬qāniṭ despairing, desperate,
2 despondent, disheartened, discouraged
‫ قندق‬qandaq pl. ‫ قنادق‬qanādiq gunstock, rifle
792
butt
1
‫ قنطر‬qantara to arch, span, vault (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ قندلفت‬qandalaft pl. -īya sexton, sacristan (Chr.)
‫ قنطرة‬qantara pl. ‫ قناطر‬qanāṭir2 arched
‫ قندول‬qandūl aspalatus (bot.)
bridge, stone bridge; vault, arch; archway,
‫ قنديل‬qindīl pl. ‫ قناديل‬qanādīl2 lamp; candlestick; arcade; arches, viaduct, aqueduct (esp.
candelabrum pl.); dam, weir │ ‫ قنطرة مَوازنة‬regulator,
‫ قنزعة‬qunza’a, qanza’a, qinzi’a pl. ‫قنازع‬ regulating device (at a canal, esp. in the
qanāzi’2 tuft of hair; cock’s comb, crest of Egyptian irrigation system); ‫القناطر الخيرية‬
a rooster (kairīya) the Barrages, at the entrance of
the Nile delta, about 15 miles north of
‫ قنص‬qanaṣa i (qanṣ) and VIII to hunt, shoot, Cairo
bag (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to hunt up (‫ هـ‬s.th.), get hold
(‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to make use, take advantage, ‫ مَقنطر‬muqanṭar vaulted, arched,
avail o.s. (‫ الظروف‬of the circumstances, arcaded
‫ الفرصة‬al-furṣa of the opportunity, and the ‫ قنطر‬qanṭara to possess tremendous riches
like)
‫ قنطار‬qinṭār pl. ‫ قناطير‬qanāṭīr2 kantar, a
‫ قنص‬qanṣ hunting, shooting, hunt varying weight of 100 ‫ رطل‬raṭl (in Eg. =
‫ قنص‬qanaṣ quarry, bag, game 44.93 kg, in Tunisia = 53.9 kg, in Syria =
256.4 kg) │ ‫( قناطير مَقنطرة‬muqanṭara)
‫ قنيص‬qanīṣ game, quarry, bag, catch; accumulated riches; tremendous sums
hunter
‫ قنطاريون‬qinṭārīyūn centaury (Erythrea
‫ قناص‬qannāṣ pl. ‫ قناصة‬qanāṣa hunter centauricum; bot.)
‫ قانص‬qāniṣ pl. ‫ قناص‬qunnāṣ hunter ‫ قنطرمَة‬qanṭarma pl. -āt snaffle, bridoon
2
‫ قانصة‬qāniṣa pl. ‫ قوانص‬qawāniṣ gizzard ‫ قنع‬qani’a a (qana’, ‫ قنعان‬qun’ān, ‫ قناعة‬qanā’a)
O ‫ قانصة‬qāniṣa pl. -āt tank destroyer to content o.s., be content, be satisfied (‫ب‬
(Syr.; mil.) with); to be convinced II to mask (‫ هـ‬the
face); to veil (‫ هـ‬the face, to a woman); to
‫ مَقنوص‬maqnūṣ quarry, bag, catch satisfy, content (‫ ه‬s.o.), give satisfaction (‫ه‬
‫ قنصل‬qunṣul pl. ‫ قناصل‬qanāṣil2 consul │ ‫نائب‬ to); to convince (‫ ب ه‬s.o. of); to persuade (
‫ القنصل‬and ‫ وكيل القنصل‬vice-consul; ‫قنصل عام‬ ‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to content, satisfy (‫ ه‬s.o.), give
(‘āmm) consul general satisfaction (‫ ه‬to); to convince (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
induce, persuade (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to do s.th.),
‫ قنصلي‬qunṣulī consular
prevail (‫ ب ه‬upon s.o. to do s.th.) V to
‫ قنصلية‬qunṣulīya pl. -āt consulate │ ‫قنصل‬ mask or conceal one’s face; to veil one’s
‫‘( ية عامَة‬āmma) consulate general face, be veiled, wear a veil VIII to content
‫ قنصلاتو‬qunṣulātō consulate o.s., be content (‫ ب‬with); to be convinced (
‫ ب‬of)
‫ قنط‬qaniṭa a (qanaṭ), qanaṭa u i (‫ قنوط‬qunūṭ)
and qanuṭa u (‫ قناطة‬qanāṭa) to despair, ‫ قنع‬qin‘ pl. ‫ اقناع‬aqnā‘ arms, weapons,
despond, become disheartened, be without armor
hope, lose all courage II to drive to
‫ قنع‬qana‘ contentment, content, acquire, appropriate, make one’s own (‫هـ‬
contentedness; frugality, moderation, s.th.); to possess, own, have (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- ‫قن‬
temperance, abstemiousness ‫ ى‬qanā i (qany, ‫ قنيان‬qunyān) to acquire,
gain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- ‫ قني‬qaniya a (‫ قنا‬qanan) to
‫ قناعة‬qanā‘a satisfaction; contentment,
be hooked, aquiline (nose) II to dig (a
content, contentedness; frugality,
canal) VIII to acquire (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to get,
temperance, moderation
procure, purchase (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ قنع‬qani‘ satisfied, content, contented;
‫ قنو‬qunw, qinw pl. ‫ اقناء‬aqnā’, ‫قنوان‬
temperate, moderate, abstemious
qunwān, qinwān, ‫ قنيان‬qunyān, qinyān
‫ قناع‬qinā‘ pl. ‫ قنع‬qunu‘ arms, weapons, bunch of dates
armor; -- (pl. ‫ اقنعة‬aqni‘a, also ‫قناعات‬
‫ قنوة‬qunwa, qinwa appropriation,
qinā‘āt) veil, head veil; mask; pericardium
acquisition; property in livestock, wealth,
│ ‫( قناع واق‬wāqin) gas mask
fortune, possessions, property
‫ قنوع‬qanū‘ pl. ‫ قنع‬qunu‘ satisfied,
‫ قنية‬qunya, qinya acquisition, property
content (‫ ب‬with); frugal, modest,
temperate ‫ قناة‬qan`ah pl. ‫ قنى‬qanan, qunīy, ‫قناء‬
qinā’, ‫ قنوات‬qanawāt, ‫ قنيات‬qanayāt spear,
‫ مَقنع‬maqna‘ sufficiency │ ‫في ذلك مَقنع له‬
(bamboo) lance; shaft; tube, duct, pipe; --
that is enough for him, he may content
(pl. ‫ اقنية‬aqniya, ‫ قنوات‬qanawāt) canal;
himself with that
stream, waterway │ ‫( قناة دمَعية‬dam‘īya)
‫ اقناع‬iqnā‘ satisfying, satisfaction, lachrymal canal; ‫ قناة العلم‬q. al-’alam
contenting (of s.o.); persuasion; flagpole; ‫ لَنت قناته‬lānat qanātuhū to
convincing, convincement, conviction soften, relent; to yield, give in
‫ تقنع‬taqannu‘ mummery, masquerade ‫ قناية‬qanāya pl. -āt small stream, rivulet,
‫ اقتناع‬iqtinā‘ satisfaction, contentment, runnel, canal
content, contentedness; conviction (= O ‫ قنية‬qunayya cannula
convincedness)
‫ اقنى‬aqnā bent, curved, crooked, hooked
‫ قانع‬qāni‘ satisfied, content (‫ ب‬with)
‫ اقتناء‬iqtinā’ purchase, acquisition
‫ مَقنع‬muqanna‘ veiled; masked
‫ قان‬qānin pl. ‫ قانية‬qāniya possessor,
‫ مَقتنع‬muqtani‘ satisfied, content (‫ب‬ owner; see also alphabetically
with); convinced
‫ مَقتنى‬muqtanan pl. ‫ مَقتنيات‬muqtanayāt
‫ قنفذ‬qunfud pl. ‫ قنافذ‬qanāfid2 hedgehog │ ‫قنفذ‬ thing acquired, acquisition
‫ البحر‬q. al-baḥr or ‫( قنفذ بحري‬baḥrī) sea
‫ قهر‬qahara a (qahr) to subject, subjugate,
urchin (Echinus; zool.); porcupine fish
conquer, vanquish, defeat (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.);
(Diodon; zool.)
to subdue, overpower, overwhelm,
‫ قنقر‬qanqar kangaroo overcome (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to force,
‫ قنال‬look up alphabetically compel, coerce (‫ على ه‬s.o. to)
1
‫ قنم‬qanima a (qanam) to be or become rancid, ‫ قهر‬qahr vanquishing, subdual,
rank subjection, subjugation; compulsion,
coercion, force; (eg.) annoyance, trouble,
‫ قنومَة‬qannūma sacred fish (Mormyrus sorrow, grief; ‫ قهرا‬qahran forcibly, by
oxyrhynchus) force; perforce, of necessity
2
‫ اقنوم‬uqnūm pl. ‫ اقانيم‬aqānīm2 hypostasis, ‫ قهرة‬quhra compulsion, coercion,
person of the Trinity (Chr.); basic constraint, force
element, substance, subsistent principle
793 ‫ قهري‬qahrī compelling, compulsory,
mandatory, coercive; forcible, forced │
‫ )قنو‬and ‫ قني( قنا‬qanā u (‫ قنو‬qanw, ‫ ابتسامَة قهرية‬forced smile; ‫( سبب قهري‬sabab)
qunūw, ‫ قنوة‬qunwa, ‫ قنوان‬qunwān) to compelling reason
‫ قاهر‬qāhir forcible, cogent, ‫ قاه‬qāhin supplied with provisions
overpowering, irresistible; vanquisher, (‫ قاب )قوب‬qāba u (qaub) to dig; to dig up,
conqueror, victor; ‫ القاهر‬the planet Mars burrow, excavate, hollow out (‫ هـ‬the
‫ مَصر القاهرة‬miṣr al-qāhira or ‫ القاهرة‬al- ground) II do. V to break open, burst open
qāhira Cairo (egg)
‫ قاهري‬qāhirī Cairene; (pl. -ūn) a ‫ قاب‬qāb small distance; short span
Cairene (between the middle and the end of a bow)
│ ‫( على قاب قوسين‬q. qausain) quite near,
‫ قهار‬qahhār conquering, vanquishing; ‫الق‬
very close; imminent; ‫( على قاب لمحة‬q.
‫ هار‬the Subduer, the Almighty (God)
lamḥa) in a moment
‫ قهرمَان‬qahramān pl. ‫ قهارمَة‬qahārima steward,
‫ قوب‬qūb pl. ‫ اقواب‬aqwāb young bird,
butler, household manager
chick
‫ قهرمَانة‬qahramāna (woman)
‫ قوباء‬qūbā’, quwabā’2 and ‫ قوبة‬qūba,
housekeeper
quwaba pl. ‫ قوب‬quwab tetter (med.)
‫ قهقر‬qahqara to move backward, go back, fall
(‫ قات )قوت‬qāta u (qaut, qūt, ‫ قياتة‬qiyāta)
back, retreat, withdraw; to fall behind, lag
to feed, nourish, subsist, sustain, support (‫ه‬
behind; to recede, retrogress, retrograde,
s.o.), provide for the support (‫ ه‬of) II and
decline, degenerate, deteriorate II
IV do. V to be fed, be supported; to feed,
taqahqara do.
livo (‫ ب‬on s.th.); to eat (‫ ب‬s.th.) VIII do.;
‫ قهقرة‬qahqara backward movement, to take in or absorb as nourishment (‫هـ‬
recedence, recession, retrogression, fall- s.th.)
back, retreat; decline, retrogradation,
‫ قات‬qāt kat (Catha edulis Forskàl; bot.);
degeneration
the leaves of this shrub which act as an
‫ قهقرى‬qahqarā backward movement, excitant when chewed │ ‫ قات الرعيان‬q. ar-
recedence, recession, retrogression, ru‘yān a variety of lettuce (Lactuca
fallback, retreat; decline, retrogradation, inermis Forsk.; bot.)
degeneration │ ‫ عاد القهقرى‬to fall back,
‫ قوت‬qūt pl. ‫ اقوات‬aqwāt nutriment,
retreat, withdraw
aliment, nourishment, food, viands │ ‫مَواد‬
‫ تقهقر‬taqahqur regress, recession, ‫ القوت‬mawādd al-q. foodstuffs
recedence, retrogression, lag, fallback,
‫ تقوت‬taqawwut nutrition, alimentation
retreat
‫ المقيت‬al-muqīt the Feeder, the
‫ قهقه‬qahqaha to laugh boisterously, guffaw
Nourisher (God)
‫ قهقهة‬qahqaha loud burst of laughter,
(‫ قاح )قوح‬qāḥa u (qauḥ) to fester, suppurate,
guffaw, horselaugh 794
swell (wound); to sweep (‫ هـ‬the house) II
‫ قهوة‬qahwa coffee; (pl. qahawāt and □ to sweep (‫ هـ‬the house) III to quarrel, pick
‫ قهاوي‬qahāwī) cafe, coffeehouse │ ‫قهوة سادة‬ a quarrel V to fester, suppurate, swell
coffee without sugar
‫ قاحة‬qāḥa pl. ‫ قوح‬qūḥ courtyard
‫ قهواتي‬qahwātī, qahawātī pl. -īya (syr.)
(‫ قاد )قود‬qāda u (quad, ‫ قياد‬qiyād, ‫ قيادة‬qiyada, ‫مَقا‬
coffeehouse owner
‫ دة‬maqāda) to lead, lead by a halter (‫هـ‬
‫ قهوجي‬qahwajī coffeehouse owner; s.th.); to conduct, guide, engineer, steer (‫هـ‬
coffee cook s.th.); to drive, steer (‫ هـ‬e.g., an
‫ مَقهى‬maqhan and ‫ مَقهاة‬maqhāh pl. ‫مَقاه‬ automobile), pilot (‫ هـ‬an airplane); to
maqāhin cafe, coffeehouse pander, pimp IV to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
retaliate VII to be led, be guided; to
‫ مَقهاية‬maqhāya (yem.) cafe, coffeehouse follow, obey (‫ ل‬s.o.), yield, submit (‫ ل‬to
‫ قهي‬qahiya a: ‫( قهي مَن الطعام‬ṭa‘ām) and IV ‫اقهى‬ s.o.) VIII to lead; to be led X to retaliate
‫ مَن الطعام‬to have little appetite ‫ قود‬qaud leadership; pandering,
pimping
‫ قود‬qawad retaliation ‫ قار‬qār pitch; tar
‫ قواد‬qawwād pander, pimp, procurer ‫ قارة‬qāra pl. -āt, ‫ قور‬qūr, ‫ قيران‬qīrān hill;
see also qarra under; ‫قر‬
‫ قؤود‬qa’ūd tractable, docile, amenable,
manageable; trained (horse) ‫ مَقورة‬miqwara gouge
‫ اقود‬aqwad2 tractable, docile, amenable, ‫ تقوير‬taqwīr gouging, hollowing out
manageable ‫ تقويرة‬taqwīra neckline (of a garment)
‫ قياد‬qiyād leadership, guidance; leading ‫ مَقور‬muqawwar cut out in a round
rope, halter │ ‫ سلس القياد‬salis al-q. form; gouged, hollowed out, scooped out;
tractable, docile, amenable, manageable, chiseled out; low-cut, low-necked,
pliant; ‫ صعب القياد‬ṣa’b al-q. intractable, décolleté (dress)
unruly, ungovernable
‫ قورمَة‬qawurma (eg.) mutton or beef cut in
‫ قيادة‬qiyāda leadership, guidance; small pieces and braised with squash
driving, steering, steerage (of a vehicle); (qar’) or onions and tomatoes
command │ (‫‘( القيادة العليا )العامَة‬ulyā,
‘āmma) supreme command; ‫عجلة القيادة‬ ‫ قوس‬qawisa a (qawas) to be bent,
‘ajalat al-q. steering wheel (of an curved, crooked II = I; to bend, curve,
automobile) crook (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to shoot V = I; to bend
‫ مَقود‬miqwad pl. ‫ مَقاود‬maqawid leading ‫ قوس‬qaus m. and f., pl. of ‫ اقواس‬aqwās,
rope, leading rein, halter; steering ‫ قسي‬qusīy, qisīy bow, longbow; arc
mechanism; steering wheel 795 (geom.); arch, vault (arch.; of a bridge);
violin bows, fiddlestick; semicircular
‫ انقياد‬inqiyād obedience, compliances, table; ‫ قوسان‬parentheses (punctuation
yielding, submission marks); ‫ القوس‬Sagittas, the Archer (sign of
‫ قائد‬qā’id pl. ‫ قواد‬quwwād, ‫ قود‬quwwad, the zodiac) │ ‫( بين قوسين‬qausain) in
‫ قادة‬qāda, ‫ قادات‬qādāt leader; directors, parentheses; ‫ قوس قزح‬q. quzaḥa rainbow;
manager; head, chief; commander, ‫ قوس الندف‬q. an-nadf teasing bow (for
commandant; high-ranking officer, senior combing or carding cotton); ‫ قوس النصر‬q.
officer; caïd, native governmental officer an-naṣr triumphal arch; ‫لم يبق في قوس صبري‬
heading a caïdate in Tunisia; steersman, ‫ مَنزع‬lam yabqa fī q. ṣabrī minz‘ my
helmsman │ ‫ قائد الجيش‬q. al-jaiš patience is at an end (lit.: there is no arrow
commander of an army, general; ‫قائد العام‬ left for the bow of my patience)
(‘āmm) supreme commander; ‫القائد العلى‬ ‫ قواس‬qawwās bowmaker; bowman,
(a’lā) commander-in-chief of the Eg. archer; kavass, consular guard
navy; ‫‘( قائد عام الساطيل الجوية‬āmm,
jawwīya) lieutenant general of the Air ‫ قويسة‬quwaisa sage (bot.)
Force (Eg. 1939); ‫قائد الساطيل الجوية‬ ‫ مَقوس‬muqawwas bent, crooked, curved,
(jawwīya) major general of the Air Force arched
(Eg. 1939); ‫ قائد اسطول الجوي‬q. usṭūl jawwī
colonel of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); ‫قائد‬ ‫ قوش‬qūš pl. ‫ اقواش‬aqwāš crupper (of the saddle
‫ لواء جوي‬lieutenant colonel of the Air Force or harness); straps, girth
(Eg. 1939); ‫ قائد فرقة جوية‬q. firqa jawwīya ‫ قاووش‬qāwūš pl. ‫ قواويش‬qawāwīš2 prison
major of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); ‫قائد جناح‬ cell
q. janāḥ wing commander (Eg. 1939); ‫قائد‬
‫ سرب‬q. sirb captain of the Air Force (Eg. □ ‫ قواص‬qawāṣ see ‫ قواس‬qawwās
1939); ‫ قادة الفكر‬q. al-fikr leading thinkers (‫ قاض )قوض‬qāḍa u (qauḍ) to demolish, tear
‫ قور‬II to make a round hole (‫ هـ‬in s.th.); to down, wreck, raze (‫ هـ‬a building), strike (
gouge, scoop out, hollow out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ هـ‬a tent) II do.; to break off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
cut out in a round form, cut round (‫ هـ‬s.th.) smash (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be demolished,
V to coil (snake) VIII ‫ اقتار‬and ‫اقتور‬ undergo demolition; to collapse, fall in,
iqtawara = II cave in; to break up, scatter, disperse
(crowd); to desist (‫ عن‬from), give in, give s.th.); with ‫على‬: to speak against s.o.,
way (‫ عن‬to) speak ill of s.o., tell lies about s.o. │ ‫قال‬
‫( برأسه‬bi-ra’sihī) to motion with the head,
‫ تقويض‬taqwīḍ wrecking, demolition;
signal, beckon; ‫ قيل في المثل‬qīla fī l-matal
destruction, annihilation
the proverb says; ‫( ولَ يقال ان‬inna) one
‫ مَقاوضة‬muqāwaḍa barter, exchange, cannot say that ..., let no one say that …;
interchange ‫ او قل‬au qul or, or rather, or say even …;
1
‫ قوط‬qauṭ pl. ‫ اقواط‬aqwāṭ flock of sheep 796 ‫( وقل مَثل هذه في‬wa-qul mitla) or ‫وقل مَثله في‬
2
or ‫ وكذلك قل في‬the same must be said about
‫ القوط‬al-qūṭ the Goths …, the same can be said of ..., the same
‫ قوطي‬qūṭī Gothic applies to ... III to confer, parley, treat,
3
negotiate (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to dispute, wrangle,
‫ قوطة‬qauṭa small basket for fruit; date basket argue; to haggle, bargain (‫ ه‬with s.o.,
4
‫ قوطة‬qūṭa (eg.) tomatoes about the price); to make a contract; to
conclude a bargain, make a deal (‫ ه‬with
(‫ قاع )قوع‬qā‘ pl. ‫ قيعان‬qī‘ān, ‫ اقوع‬aqwu‘, ‫اقواع‬
s.o.) V to fabricate lies, spread rumors (
aqwā‘ plain, lowland; bottom, lowest part;
‫ على‬about s.o.); to pretend, allege, purport
wave trough (phys.); floor (of a mine);
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( تقول القاويل‬aqāwīla) to talk
gulf, abyss │ ‫ قاع النهر‬q. an-nahr river bed;
foolishly X O to render (voice by radio)
‫ بلد القاع‬the Netherlands
‫ قال وقيل‬qāl wa-qīl and ‫ قيل وقال‬qīl wa-
‫ قاعة‬qā‘a pl. -āt paved courtyard;
qāl long palaver; idle talk, prattle, gossip
entrance hall, vestibule, corridor; hall;
sizable room │ ‫ قاعة المحاضرات‬q. al- ‫ قالة‬qāla speech, talk │ ‫ سوء القالة‬sū’ al-
muḥāḍarāt lecture hall, auditorium (of a q. malicious gossip, backbiting,
university); ‫ قاعة التدريس‬lecture room, defamation
classroom; ‫ قاعة الطعام‬q. aṭ-ṭa‘ām dining ‫ قول‬qaul pl. ‫ اقوال‬aqwāl, ‫ اقاويل‬aqāwīl2
room; messhall; ‫ قاعة العرش‬q. al-‘arš word, speech, saying, utterance, remark;
throne room; ‫ قاعة المطالعة‬q. al-muṭāla‘a statement, declaration; report, account;
reading room, study hall; ‫قاعة الفراح‬ doctrine, teaching; pl. ‫ اقوال‬also: testimony
banquet hall, ballroom (in court); ‫ اقاويل‬sayings, locutions;
1
(‫ قاق )قوق‬qāqa u (qauq) to cackle, cluck (hen) proverbs │ ‫ قولا وعمل‬qaulan wa-‘amalan
II do. or ‫( بالقول والفعل‬fi‘l) by word and deed; ‫اقوال‬
‫ الشهود‬testimonies, depositions, evidence;
‫ قاق‬qāq pl. ‫ قيقان‬qīqān (syr.) raven │ ‫قاق‬
‫ اعطى قوله‬a‘ṭā qaulahū to make one’s bid
‫ الماء‬cormorant (zool.)
(at an auction)
‫ ام قويق‬umm quwaiq (eg.) owl (zool.)
‫ قولة‬qaula (n. vic.) utterance, remark,
2
‫ قاوق‬and ‫ قاووق‬pl. ‫ قواويق‬look up alphabetically word; pronouncement, dictum
‫ القوقاز‬al-qauqāz and ‫ القوقاس‬al-qauqās the ‫ قولة‬quwala garrulous, voluble,
Caucasus loquacious, talkative, communicative
‫ القوقازيون‬al-qauqāzīyūn the Caucasians ‫ قوال‬qawwāl garrulous, voluble,
‫ قوقع‬qauqa‘ seashell loquacious, talkative, communicative;
itinerant singer and musician 797
‫ قوقعة‬qauqa‘a pl. ‫ قواقع‬qawāqi‘2 snail
‫ مَقول‬miqwal pl. ‫ مَقاول‬maqāwil2
1
(‫ قال )قول‬qāla u (‫ قول‬qaul) to speak, say, tell (‫هـ‬ phonograph, gramophone, talking
s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.; ‫ عن هـ‬,‫ في‬s.th. about or of), machine
utter, voice (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to speak (‫ عن‬of), deal
(‫ عن‬with), treat (‫ عن‬of); to state, maintain, ‫ مَقال‬maqāl speech; proposition,
assert, propound, teach, profess, advocate, contention, teaching, doctrine; article;
defend (‫ ب‬s.th.); to support, hold (‫ ب‬a treatise; piece of writing
view), stand up (‫ ب‬for), be the proponent (
‫ ب‬of a doctrine or dogma); to allege (‫ب‬
‫ مَقالة‬maqāla pl. -āt article; essay; preserve (‫ على‬s.th.); to take care (‫ على‬of),
treatise; piece of writing │ ‫مَقالة افتتاحية‬ attend (‫ على‬to), watch (‫ على‬over), look
(iftitāḥīya) editorial, leading article after s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to cost, be worth (‫ ب‬so
and so much) │ ‫( قام البرهان على‬burhān)
‫ مَقاولة‬muqāwala talk, conversation,
proof had been furnished for; ‫قام بأعباء الحكم‬
parley, conference; dispute; contract;
(bi-a’bā’i l-ḥukm) to assume the burdens
settlement, arrangement, agreement;
of government, take over power; ‫قام باوده‬
bargain, deal, transaction, undertaking │
(bi-awadihī) to provide for s.o.’s needs,
‫ بالمقاولة‬by the job, by the contract, by
stand by s.o. in time of need; ‫( قام بدور‬bi-
piece (work)
daurin) to play a part; ‫( قام بشأنه‬bi-ša’nihī)
‫ تقول‬taqawwul pl. -āt talk, rumor, gossip to take care of s.o., look after s.o., take
‫ قائل‬qā’il pl. ‫ قول‬quwwal saying, telling; s.o. under one’s wing; ‫ قام بالمصاريف‬to
teller, narrator; advocate, proponent (‫ ب‬of defray the costs, pay the expenses; ‫قام‬
s.th.) ‫ بالواجب عليه‬to do one’s duty; ‫( قام بوعده‬bi-
wa‘dihī) to keep one’s word; ‫قامَت الحرب‬
‫ مَقول‬maqūl pl. -āt that which is said, ‫( على ساق‬ḥarb) the war was or became
utterance, saying; word(s), speech │ َ‫المقول‬ violent, flared up; war broke out; ‫قام الحق‬
‫‘( ت العشر‬ašr) the ten categories (philos.) (ḥaqq) truth became or was manifest; ‫قامَت‬
‫ مَقاول‬muqāwil contractor; building ‫( الصلة‬ṣalāh) the time of prayer has come;
contractor ‫( قام على قدم وساق‬qadamin wa-sāqin) to
2
become fully effective, be in full progress,
‫( قول‬Turk. kol) qōl wing of an army, army be in full swing; ‫قامَوا قومَة رجل واحد‬
corps; ‫( قول اغاسي‬Turk. kol ağası) a (qaumata rajulin) they rose to a man; ‫لم تقم‬
military rank intermediate between those ‫ له قائمة بعد‬lam taqum lahū qā’imatun
of captain and major, adjutant major ba‘du he was no longer able to put up any
(Egs.) resistance, he was as good as finished; َ‫ل‬
‫ قولحة‬qaulaḥa pl. ‫ قوالح‬qawāliḥ2 (eg.) cob (of ‫ تقوم للعداء قائمة‬there is no 798 resistance
corn, and the like) against the enemies; ‫قامَت قيامَته‬
(qiyāmatuhū) to get excited, get angry,
‫ قولنج‬qaulanj colic
become furious; all hell broke loose in it;
‫ قولون‬qolōn colon (anat.) (‫ قامَت قيامَته ل )مَن‬to be upset, be shocked,
(‫ قام )قوم‬qāma u (‫ قومَة‬qauma, ‫ قيام‬qiyām) be violently agitated by s.th.; ‫قام في وجهه‬
to get up; to stand up, stand erect; to rise (wajhihī) to resist, oppose, defy s.o.; ‫قام‬
(also fig.: voices, noise, wind); ‫ قام عليه‬to ‫( مَقامَه‬maqāmahū) to replace s.o.,
rise or turn against s.o., revolt or rebel substitute for s.o., deputize for s.o., take
against s.o., attack s.o.; ‫ قام له‬to rise in s.o.’s place; to serve as or instead of s.th.,
honor of s.o.; to rise from the dead, be take the place of s.th., replace s.th.; ‫قام مَنه‬
resurrected; to ascend; to set out, start out; ‫ مَقامَه‬to take the place of s.o. with s.o.; ‫قام‬
to depart, leave (train); to betake o.s., go ( ‫( وقعد‬wa-qa‘ada) to be in a state of great
‫ الى‬to); to stand; to remain standing; to be, anxiety, be seriously upset, be very
exist, be existent; to be located, be agitated; to be very alarmed (‫ ل‬by s.th.); َ‫ل‬
situated, lie; to consist (‫ ب‬in); to rest, be ‫ قام ولَ قعد‬not to be lasting and durable II to
based, be founded (‫ على‬on, also ‫)ب‬, be set upright, lift up, raise (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
built (‫ على‬on); to have for its (main) theme create, shape, form, arrange, set up (‫هـ‬
(‫ على‬a problem; of a book, and the like); to s.th.); to straighten, make or put straight (
begin (‫ يفعل‬to do s.th.), start (‫ يفعل‬doing ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to arrange well, do properly (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to make s.th. (‫ )ب‬one’s business, s.th.); to put in order, fix, set going (‫هـ‬
concern o.s. (‫ ب‬with), undertake, take s.th.); to right, put to rights, rectify,
upon o.s., perform, do, carry out, execute, correct, reform, amend (‫ هـ‬s.th.); O to
accomplish, practice, exercise (‫ ب‬s.th.); to rectify (el.); to estimate, assess, appraise,
stand up (‫ ب‬for), support, advocate, value, rate (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. at) │ ‫ لَ يقوم بثمن‬lā
endorse (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be in charge (‫ على‬of), yuqawwamu bi-tamanin inestimable,
manage, run, tend, guard, keep up, invaluable, priceless III to resist, oppose (‫ه‬
s.o.); to fight, combat (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to raise (wa-aq‘adahū) to upset s.o. seriously,
objections, take issue, contend, argue (‫في ه‬ throw s.o. in a state of violent emotion; ‫اقام‬
with s.o. because of s.th.); to withstand (‫ه‬ ‫( الدنيا واقعدها‬dunya wa-aq‘adahā) to move
s.o.), hold out, hold one’s own (‫ ه‬against), heaven and earth; to make a stir, create a
be on a par (‫ ه‬with s.o.), equal, match (‫ه‬ sensation; ‫( لَ يقيم له قيامَة‬qiyāmatan) he
s.o.), measure up (‫ ه‬to s.o.) │ ‫ لَ يقاوم‬lā forestalls any resistance on his part X to
yuqāwamu irresistible IV to straighten, rise, get up, stand up; to straighten up,
straighten out, make right or correct, put draw o.s. up; to stand upright, stand erect;
in order (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) rise; to to be or become 799 straight; to be right,
resurrect, raise from the dead (‫ ه‬s.o.); to correct, sound, proper, in order; to keep,
lift up, elevate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to set up, raise, stick (‫ في‬to s.th.) │ ‫( استقام له الكلم‬kalāmu)
erect (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to start, originate, found, he said the right thing about ..., he talked
call into being (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fix, determine ( sense about ...
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to appoint, nominate, install (‫ه ه‬ ‫ قوم‬qaum pl. ‫ اقوام‬aqwām fellow
s.o. as); ‫ اقامَه على‬to put s.o. in charge of tribesmen, kinsfolk, kin, kindred; tribe,
s.th., commission s.o. with the race, people, nation; people │ ‫عالم القوام‬
management of s.th.; to agitate, rouse, ethnographer, ethnologist; ‫سيقول قوم ان‬
excite (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make brisk, enliven, (inna) people will say ...
animate (‫ هـ‬the market); to hold (‫ هـ‬a
meeting, a ceremony, etc.), celebrate (‫ هـ‬a ‫ قومَة‬qauma rising; uprising, revolt
festival), put on, stage, organize (‫ هـ‬a ‫ قومَي‬qaumī national; ethnic, racial; ‫قومَيا‬
celebration, a pageant, etc.), give (‫ هـ‬a ‫ ت‬national traits; (pl. -īya) “goumier”,
reception); to occupy o.s. constantly (‫على‬ member of the native cavalry troops
with); to abide, stay, remain, dwell, reside, recruited from the local tribes in French
live (‫ على‬in); to dwell (‫ على‬on), persist (‫على‬ North Africa
in), keep, stick (‫ على‬to) │ ‫اقام اوده‬
(awadahū) to provide for s.o.’s needs, ‫ قومَية‬qaumīya nationalism; nationality
stand by s.o. in time of need; to support ‫ قامَة‬qāma stature, figure, build, frame
s.o., furnish s.o. with the means of (of a person); fathom (measure of length =
subsistence; ‫( اقام البرهان الجلي على‬burhāna 6 feet); stand, support, tripod
l-jalīya) to furnish the unmistakable proof
for ..., dearly prove s.th.; ‫( اقام الحجة‬ḥujjata) ‫ قيم‬qayyim valuable, precious; straight,
to protest, lodge a protest; ‫اقام حسابا ل‬ right; caretaker, curator, custodian,
(ḥisāban) to render account to s.o.; to give superintendent; ‫ القيمة‬al-qayyima the true
one’s mind to s.o. or s.th., make s.o. or faith │ ‫( كتب قيمة‬kutub) valuable books
s.th. one’s concern; ‫ اقام الدليل على ان‬to prove ‫ قيمة‬qīma pl. ‫ قيم‬qiyam value, worth; size
that ...; ‫( اقام الشعائر الدينية‬dīnīya) to perform of an amount, amount, quantity; price │ ‫ذو‬
the liturgical rites; ‫( اقام الصلة‬ṣalāta) to ‫ قيمة‬valuable; ‫( لَ قيمة له‬qīmata worthless
perform the ritual prayer; ‫‘( اقام العدل‬adla)
‫ قيمي‬qīmī relating to the value, by the
to administer justice, handle the law; ‫اقام‬
standard of value, according to the value;
‫( القداس على‬quddāsa) to read the Mass for
nonfungible (Isl. Law) │ ‫مَال قيمي‬
s.o.; ‫( اقام قضية )دعوى( على‬qaḍīyatan,
nonfungible things, nonfungibles (Isl.
da‘wā) to take legal action against s.o.,
Law)
sue s.o.; ‫( اقام له وزنا‬waznan) to set great
store by s.th., attach importance to s.th., ‫ قوام‬qawām upright posture, erect
make much of s.th.; ‫( لا يقام له وزن‬yuqāmu, bearing; straightness; stature, physique,
wazn) to be negligible, be of no build, frame; figure, body (of a person);
consequence; ‫( اقام مَباراة‬mubārātan) to rightness, properness, proper condition,
stage a contest; ‫( اقامَه مَقامَه‬maqāmahū) to normal state; strength, vigor, stamina;
make s.o. take the place of s.o. else, make firmness, consistency; support, stay, prop;
s.o. replace s.o. else. substitute s.o. for s.o. livelihood, living
else; ‫( اقام نفسه مَقام الحامَي‬nafsahū maqama l- ‫ قوام‬qiwām support, stay, prop; basis,
ḥāmī) to pose as the protector; ‫اقامَه واقعده‬ foundation; stock, supply; sustenance,
subsistence, livelihood │ ‫ قوام اهله‬q. ahlihī of a fraction; ‫ صاحب المقام الرفيع‬title
the provider, or supporter, of his family conferred upon the holder of the order of
“Collier Fouad I”, established by Fuad I in
‫ قوام‬qawwām manager, director,
1936; ‫( كان عندي في مَقام والدي‬m. wālidī) he
superintendent, caretaker, keeper,
assumed the responsibility of fatherhood
custodian, guardian (‫ على‬of s.th.)
for me; cf. also muqām and under ‫قفم‬
‫ قوامَة‬qiwāma guardianship
‫ مَقامَة‬maqāma pl. -āt sitting, session,
‫ قويم‬qawīm pl. ‫ قيام‬qiyām straight, meeting; a genre of Arabic rhythmic prose
upright, erect; correct, right, proper,
‫ تقويم‬taqwīm pl. ‫ تقاويم‬taqāwīm2 raising,
sound, authentic; true (religion); firm,
setting up, erection; appraisal, assessment,
solid
estimation, fating, valuation; correction;
‫ قيام‬qiyām rising, getting up; standing; rectification, amendment, reform,
existence; outbreak (e.g., of a revolt); reformation, reorganization, reshaping,
setting out, leaving, departure (also, esp., modification, adaption; a rectification,
of trains); performance. execution, detection (el., radio); land survey,
carrying out, consummation, discharge, surveying; determination of geographical
accomplishment, undertaking (‫ ب‬of s.th.); longitude and latitude; geography;
support, stay, prop; sustenance, stocktaking; almanac; calendar;
subsistence, livelihood │ ‫ الى قيام الساعة‬till chronology │ ‫ التقويم الجويجوري‬the
doomsday, forever and ever, in perpetuity, Gregorian calendar; ‫( تقويم زمَني‬zamanī)
for all time to come; ‫ قيام اهله‬q. ahlihī the chronology; ‫‘ علم تقويم البلدان‬ilm t. al-buldān
provider, or supporter, of his family; ‫القيام‬ geography
‫‘( بالعمل‬amal) performance; working,
‫ مَقاومَة‬muqāwama resistance;
functioning
opposition; fight, struggle, battle (with
‫ قيامَة‬qiyāma resurrection; tumult, foll. genit.: against); O resistance (el.) │ O
turmoil, upheaval, revolution, overthrow; ‫( مَقاومَة جوية‬jawwīya) antiaircraft defense;
guardianship │ ‫‘ عيد القيامَة‬īd al-q. Easter; ‫( مَقاومَة سلبية‬salbīya) passive resistance; ‫دون‬
‫ يوم القيامَة‬yaum al-q. the day of ‫ مَقاومَة‬without resistance, unresistingly
resurrection, the day of final judgment; َ‫قام‬
‫ اقامَة‬iqāma raising, lifting up; elevation;
‫( ت قيامَته‬qiyāmatuhū) to get excited, get
setting up; erection; establishment (of an
angry, become furious; all hell broke loose
institute); execution; performance;
in it; (‫ قامَت قيامَته ل )عن‬to be upset, be
holding, convocation (e.g., of a meeting),
shocked, be violently agitated by s.th.
celebration (e.g., of a festival), putting on,
‫ القيوم‬al-qayyūm the Everlasting, the staging (e.g., of a pageant, of a
Eternal (God) celebration); resurrection (of the dead);
‫ اقوم‬aqwam2 straighter; more correct, stay, sojourn; second call to the salat in a
sounder; more adequate, more appropriate mosque, indicating the imminent
beginning of the prayer; (Magr.)
‫ مَقوم‬miqwam plowtail, plow handle residentship, office of resident │ ‫اقامَة‬
‫ مَقام‬maqām pl. -āt site, location, ‫( الشعائر الدينية‬dīnīya) performance of the
position; place, spot, point, locality; religious ceremonies, celebration of the
situation; station; standing, position, 800 divine service; ‫ اقامَة العدل‬i. al-‘adl
rank, dignity; tomb of a saint, sacred administration of justice; ‫ مَحل القامَة‬maḥall
place; key, tonality, mode (mus.) │ ‫في هذا‬ al-i. (place of) residence, domicile;
‫ المقام‬on this occasion; ‫ مَقام ابراهيم‬small address
building near the Kaaba, in Mecca ‫ استقامَة‬istiqāma straightness; sincerity,
(housing a stone with ِAbraham’s foot- uprightness, rectitude, integrity, probity,
prints); ‫ مَقام الحديث‬topic of the honesty; rightness, soundness, correctness
conversation; (‫المقامَات السياسية )الرسمية‬
(siyāsīya, rasmīya) the political (official) ‫ قائم‬qā’im pl. ‫ قوم‬quwwam, ‫ قيم‬quyyam, ‫قو‬
agencies; ‫ مَقام الكسر‬m. al-kasr denominator ‫ ام‬quwwām, ‫ قيام‬quyyām rising, getting up;
standing; upright, erect; stand-up;
existing, existent; visible, conspicuous; abiding, lingering; permanent, lasting,
firm, steadfast, staunch, unflinching, enduring; persistent; living, residing,
unshakable; revolting, rebelling (‫على‬ resident, domiciled; re8ident (dipl.) │ ‫مَقيم‬
against); vertical, perpendicular (‫ على‬to) │ ‫( بواجباته‬bi-wājibātihī) dutiful,
‫ قائم بأعمال المفوضية‬,‫( قائم بالعمال‬bi-a. al- conscientious, loyal; ‫( مَقيم عام‬āmm)
mufawwāḍīya) charge d’affaires (dipl.); Resident General (Tun.)
‫ قائم برأسه‬,‫ قائم بذاته‬,‫( قائم الذات‬bi-ra’sihī) and ‫ مَقيمي‬muqīmī residential
‫( بنفسه‬bi-nafsihi) self-existent,
independent; ‫( في قائم حياته‬q. ḥayātihi) ‫ مَقيمية‬muqīmīya residentship, residency
during his lifetime; ‫ قائم الزاوية‬q. az-zāwiya ‫ مَقام‬muqām raised, set up, erected, etc.;
rectangular, right-angled; ‫ الزاوية القائمة‬right pending (legal action); stay, sojourn;
angle abode, habitat, whereabouts; place of
‫ قائممقام‬qā’im-maqām, qā’imaqām residence; duration of stay; see also under
administrative officer at the head of a ‫قفم‬
qaḍā’, approx.: district president (Ir., Syr., ‫ مَستقيم‬mustaqīm upright, erect; straight;
Leb.); lieutenant colonel (mil.; Tun., dead straight, straight as a die; directed
formerly also Eg.); commander (naval straight ahead; correct, right, sound,
rank; Eg.) proper, in order; even, regular,
‫ قائممقامَية‬qā’im-maqāmīya, symmetrical, proportionate, harmonious;
qā’imaqāmīya administrative district honest, straightforward, upright,
headed by a qā’im-maqam, in Iraq = righteous, honorable; (pl. -āt) a straight,
qaḍā’ straight line (math.); reotum (anat.)
‫ قائمة‬qā’ima pl. ‫ قوائم‬qawā’im leg, foot, ‫( قومَسير‬Fr. commissaire) qomisēr
paw (of a quadruped); leg, foot (of commissioner
furniture); pale, stake, post, prop, ‫( قومَندان‬Fr. commandant) qomandān
stanchion, pillar; pommel (of a sword’s commander, commandant
hilt); stand, base, support; (fig.) main
support, pillar; (pl. also -āt) list, roster, ‫ قونة‬qūna pl. ‫ قون‬quwan icon; image of a saint
801 register, index, table, schedule; ‫ قونية‬qōniya2 Konya (city in Anatolia)
catalogue; invoice, bill │ ‫ قائمة الطعام‬q. aṭ-
ṭa‘ām menu, bill of fare; see also ‫ قوم‬I ‫ قوه‬II to shriek, scream, yell, cry, shout

‫ مَقوم‬muqawwim estimator, appraiser, ‫ قوي‬qawiya a (‫ قوة‬qūwa) to he or become


assessor; -- (pl. -āt) formative element, strong, vigorous, forceful, mighty; to
constituent factor; O rectifier, detector (el., become stronger, increase in power, gain
radio); pl. ‫ مَقومَات‬elements, constituents, ascendancy; to be able to do s.th. (‫ على‬in
components, formative agents, basic or about s.th.), have influence (‫ على‬over
factors, fundamentals │ ‫ مَقومَات الحياة‬m. al- s.th.); to he able to cope (‫ على‬with s.th.),
ḥayāh means of subsistence; earthly be able to manage or tackle (‫ على‬s.th.); to
possessions; ‫ مَقومَات الجمال‬m. al-jamāl be superior (‫ على‬to s.o.); -- (‫ قي‬qiyy, ‫قواية‬
cosmetics; ‫ العمران‬m. al-‘umrān cultural qawāya) to he depopulated, deserted,
factors forsaken, desolate (place); -- (‫ قوى‬qawan)
to starve, be starved; to be denied, he
‫ مَقوم‬muqawwam highly creditable, withheld (rain) II to make strong or
valuable, valued, treasured, prized; pl. َ‫مَقوم‬ vigorous, strengthen, fortify, consolidate,
‫ ات‬valuable possessions, valuables; assets, invigorate, brace (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
values encourage, hearten, embolden (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
‫ مَقاوم‬muqāwim resisting, resistent, intensify (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to vie or compete in
reluctant, averse, unwilling; opponent, strength (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to equal, match (‫ه‬
adversary, antagonist s.o.) IV to be poor; to be empty, deserted,
forsaken, desolate (place) V to be or
‫ مَقيم‬muqim raising, lifting up, setting become strong; to intensify, become
up, erecting, etc. j remaining, staying,
stronger; to take heart, take courage VIII ‫ تقوية‬taqwiya strengthening;
to claim for o.s. (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X = V fortification, consolidation;
intensification; encouragement
‫ قواء‬qawā’, qiwā’ and ‫ قي‬qiyy desert,
wasteland, desolate country □ ‫ تقاوي‬taqāwī (eg.) seed (for sowing)
‫ قواء‬qawā’ and ‫ قوى‬qawan hunger, ‫ اقواء‬iqwā’ depopulation; imperfect
starvation rhyme (change of the vowel following the
rhyme letter)
‫ قوة‬qūwa pl. -āt, ‫ قوى‬quwan strength;
vigor; potency; power, force; intensity; ‫ مَقو‬muqawwin strengthening, fortifying,
violence, vehemence; courage, pluck; invigorating; corroborant; (pl. ‫مَقويات‬
faculty, ability, capability, aptitude; muqawwiyāt) a restorative, tonic, cordial,
efficacy, efficiency, potential; O (electric) corroborant; O amplifier (radio)
energy, power, capacity, output; armed ‫ مَقوى‬muqawwan strengthened,
force, troop; ‫ قوات‬qūwāt armed forces; reinforced, stiffened, stiff│‫ورق مَقوى‬
troops│‫ بالقوة‬forcibly, by force; 802 (waraq) cardboard, pasteboard
inherently, virtually (philos.); ‫ بقوة وجلء‬bi-
qūwatin wa-jalā’in (to speak) loud and ‫ قى‬qiyy see ‫قوى‬
distinctly; ‫ مَنسرق القوة‬munsariq al-q. (‫ قاء )قىء‬qā’a i (‫ قيء‬qay’) to vomit II to cause (
weakened, debilitated, effete, exhausted, ‫ ه‬s.o.) to vomit (of an emetic) V = I
spent; ‫( قوة احتياطية‬iḥtiyāṭīyaī) reserves
(mil.); ‫ قوة الذاعة‬q. al-idā‘a transmitting ‫ قياء‬quyā’ vomit, that which is vomited
power (radio); ‫ قوة الرادة‬q. al-irāda will ‫ مَقيئ‬muqayyi’ pl. ‫ مَقيئات‬muqayyi’āt a
power; ‫ قوة الَستمرار‬inertia; ‫قوة حافظة‬ vomitive, an emetic│ ‫( الجوز المقيئ‬jauz)
memory; ‫ قوة الحدود‬frontier guard, border nux vomica
guard; ‫ قوة خفيفة‬light, mobile task force
(mil.); O ‫( قوة دافعة كهربائية‬kahrabā’īya) ‫ قيتار‬qītār pl. ‫ قياتير‬qayātīr2, ‫ قيثار‬qītār and ‫قيثارة‬
electromotive force, e.m.f.; ‫قوة دفاعية‬ qītāra pl. ‫ قياثير‬qayātīr2, a guitar; lyre
(difā‘īya) total defense potential; O ‫قوة‬ (‫ قيح )قاح‬qāḥa i (qaiḥ) to suppurate, fester, be
‫( سطحية‬saṭḥīya) surface task force (navy); purulent II and V do.
‫ قوة الشراء‬purchasing power; ‫ قوة الصوت‬q.
‫ قيح‬qaiḥ pl. ‫ قيوح‬quyūḥ pus, matter
aṣ-ṣaut volume, intensity (radio) ‫قوة عاقلة‬
intellectual power, faculty of perception; ‫ تقيح‬taqayyuḥ suppuration, maturation,
‫ قوة عراك‬combat force; ‫‘( قوة على العمل‬amal) purulence
working power; output capacity; ‫قوة القانون‬ ‫ مَتقيح‬mutaqayyiḥ suppurative, festering,
legal force; ‫ قوة قاهرة‬force majeure; ‫قوة‬ purulent
‫( مَركزية‬markazīya) central power; O ‫قوة‬
1
‫ مَركزية جاذبة‬centripetal force; O ‫قوة مَركزية‬ ‫ قيد‬II to bind, tie, fetter, shackle (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with;
‫ طاردة‬centrifugal force; ‫قوة مَضادة للطائرات‬ also fig.: to bind or tie s.o. to); to limit,
(muḍādda) antiaircraft defense; ‫قوة مَعنوية‬ restrict, confine, qualify (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
(ma‘nawīya) moral strength, morale, impose restrictions (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬on s.o., on s.th.),
spirit; ‫ قوة‬q. an-nabt germinative faculty; set bounds (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), curb,
‫( قوة نظامَية‬niẓāmīya) regular army; ‫قوات برية‬ check (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to fix, determine,
‫( وبحرية وجوية‬barrīya wa-baḥrīya wa- lay down, specify, stipulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
jawwīya) ground, sea, and air forces; ‫العاب‬ write, write down, note down (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
‫ القوى‬athletics, specif., track and field make a note, take notes (‫ هـ‬of) ; to enter,
book (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ; to register, record (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
‫ قوي‬qawīy pl. ‫ اقوياء‬aqwiyā’2 strong; also fig., of the eyes); to enroll (‫ ه‬s.o., in a
vigorous; potent; mighty, powerful, list or register); to charge (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to
forceful; intense, violent, vehement i firm, s.o.,s account), debit (‫ على هـ‬with s.th.
solid, robust, hardy, sturdy │ ‫قوى العارضة‬ s.o.); to place s.th. (‫ )هـ‬to s.o.’s credit (‫)ل‬,
eloquent, quick, witted credit (‫ ل هـ‬with s.th. s.o.) V pass. Of II; to
‫ اقوى‬aqwā stronger bind o.s., be bound (‫ ب‬to, by, e.g., by an
obligation); 803 to be limited, restricted; unlimited, unrestricted; ‫( مَلك مَقيد‬mulk)
to enroll, have one’s name registered constitutional monarchy
2
‫ قيد‬qaid pl. ‫ قيود‬quyūd (also ‫اقياد‬aqyād) ‫ قياد‬and ‫ قيادة‬see ‫قود‬
fetter, shackle, chain; bond, tie; strap, ‫ قير‬II to tar, pitch (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
thong; recording, record, booking,
entering, entry, registering, registration, ‫ قار‬qār end ‫ قير‬qīr tar; pitch
registry; enrollment (e.g., at ‫ قيراط‬qīrāṯ pl. ‫ قراريط‬qarārīt2 inch; a dry
matriculation); fixation, determination, measure (Eg. = 1/33 0.064 = ‫ قدح‬l); a
specification, stipulation; document; square measure (Eg. = 1/24 175.035 = ‫فدان‬
limitation, confinement, restriction, m2); karat, a weight (Eg. = 1/16 = ‫درهم‬
qualification, reservation; condition, 0.195 g)
proviso; amount, measure, degree;
distance│‫ قيد الَسنان‬gum(s); ‫قيد الَنساب‬ ‫ قيروان‬qairawān pl. -āt caravan
genealogical tree; family tree; ‫مَن غير قيد او‬ ‫ القيروان‬al-qairawān Kairouan (city in
‫ روابط‬without any reservation, without NE Tunisia)
qualification; ‫( بل قيد ولَ شرط‬šarṯ) without
any reservation, without qualification; (‫ قاس )قيس‬qāsa i (qais, ‫ قياس‬qiyās) to measure,
with no strings attached; unconditional; ‫قلم‬ gauge, measure out (‫ هـ‬s.th.), take the
‫ القيودات‬qalam al-quyūdāt bureau of vital measurements (‫ هـ‬of); to try on (‫ هـ‬a
statistics, (G.B.) (general) register office; ‫ب‬ garment); to weigh, judge (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬,‫ب‬
‫ قيد الحياة‬bi-q. il-ḥayāh or ‫( على قيد الحياة‬still) by analogy with s.th. else), drew
alive, living; ‫ قيد شعرة‬qaida ša‘ratin, by a analogous conclusions (‫ على‬from s.th., ‫هـ‬
hairbreadth, within 80 hair’s breadth; ... َ‫ل‬ for s.th. else); to compare, correlate, bring
‫ قيد انملة‬la ... qaida unmulatin not one inch, into relation (‫ على‬or ‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with, also ‫الى‬
not one iota; ‫( على قيد ساعات مَعدودة‬q. ‫)هـ‬, proportion (‫ على‬or y ‫ هـ‬s.th. to, also ‫الى‬
sā‘atin) within a few hours; ‫على قيد عشرة‬ ‫ وقس عليه│)هـ‬wa-qis ‘alaihī end so forth II
‫ كيلومَترات‬at a distance of 1o km; ‫عن قيد‬ to measure (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to compare ( ‫بين‬
‫( البصر‬q. il-baṣar) within sight ‫ الشيئين‬between two things, ‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ الى‬or ‫ب‬
with or to) VIII to measure (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ قيد‬qaida (prep.) under subject to, the imitate, follow (‫ ب‬s.o.), take after s.o. (‫)ب‬
object of, in the process of, in the stage
of│ ‫( المشروع قيد الدرس‬dars) the project is ‫ قياس‬qiyās pl. -āt, ‫ اقيسة‬aqyisa measure,
being studied, is under consideration; measurement, dimension; scale; exemplar,
‫( المسألة قيد البحث‬mas’ala, baḥt) the affair is example; reference, relation; record
subject to investigation, is being (athlet.); comparison; analogy; deduction
investigated by analogy│‫ قياسا على ذلك‬by analogy (with
it), analogously (to it); correspondingly;
‫ قيدى‬qaidī booking-, registration, (in ‫ بالقياس الى‬in comparison with, (as)
compounds), e.g., ‫ رسوم قيدية‬booking fees, compared to; in proportion to, in relation
registration fees 804 with; with reference to, with respect
‫ تقييد‬taqyīd pl. –āt, ‫ تقاييد‬taqāyīd2 to, with regard to; ‫ على القياس‬by analogy;
fattering, shackling, tying, binding; regular; after the model, accordant with
reservation, qualification; limitation, the model; ‫ بغير قياس‬illogical; ‫ أخذ قياسه‬to
restriction, confinement, curtailment; take s.o.’s measure (tailor); ‫مَتناسب القياس‬
entry, registry, registration, booking│ ‫تقييد‬ mutanāsib al-q. fitting together, well
‫ النسل‬t. an-nas1 birth control; ‫رسم التقييد‬ matched; equal in proportion,
rasm al-t. registration fee commensurate, commensurable; ‫قياس عالمى‬
(‘ālamī) world record; ‫ قياس فاسد‬wrong
‫ تقيد‬taqayyud pl. -āt a being bound, inference, false conclusion, fallacy,
obligation, tie, bond; restriction, sophism, paralogism; ‫ شريط القياس‬tape
limitation, confinement measure, tapeline
‫ مَقيد‬muqayyad fettered, shackled, bound, ‫ قياسى‬qiyāsī accordant with analogy,
tied, tied down; limited, restricted, analogous; consistent with the model,
confined; booked, registered│‫غير مَقيد‬
pattern, rule, or norm; comparable, by ‫ قيصانة‬qaiṣāna sunfish, moonfish
comparison; logical│‫( رقم قياسى‬raqm) ‫ قيصر‬qaiṣar pl. ‫ قياصر‬qayāṣir2, ‫قياصرة‬qayāṣira
record (athlet.) Caesar; emperor, kaiser; tsar
‫ قياس‬qayyās land surveyor, geodesist ‫ قيصرى‬qaiṣarī Caesarean; imperial;
‫ مَقياس‬miqyās pl. ‫ مَقاييس‬maqāyīs2 tsarist│ ‫‘( العملية القيصرية‬amalīya)
measure, measurement; amount, quantity, Caesarean section (med.)
magnitude; measuring instrument, gauge, ‫ قيصرية‬qaiṣarīya kaiserdom, Caesarism,
water gauge, tide gauge; scale (e.g., of a imperialism, empire; imperial dignity;
map); standard; standard of judging, tsarism; Caesarean section (med.); large
criterion; unit of measure; ‫المقياس‬ lock of public buildings with stores,
Nilometer│ ‫ تحت المقياس‬substandard; O workshops, etc., roofed marked place,
‫ مَقياس التيار‬m. at-tayyār ammeter; O ‫مَقياس‬ bazaar; Caesarea (ancient seaport in
‫ الجهد‬m. al-jahd voltmeter; O ‫مَقياس الحرارة‬ Palestine)
m. al-ḥarāra thermometer; O ‫مَقياس الزلزال‬
m. az-zalāzil seismograph, seismometer; (‫ قاض )قيض‬qaḍā i (qaiḍ) to break, crack, split,
O ‫ مَقياس الزوايا‬m. az-zawāyā protactor; O cleave, burst open (‫ هـ‬s.th); to get broken,
‫ مَقياس الكهربائية‬m. al-kahrabā’īya crack, burst; to exchange (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. for) II
electrometer; O ‫ مَقياس المطر‬m. al-maṯar to foreordain, destine (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to s.o.; of
rain gauge, pluviometer, ombrometer, God); to lead, send (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ل‬to s.o; of
ombrograph; O ‫ مَقياس المغنطيسية‬m. al- God) III to exchange, give in exchange (‫ب‬
magnaṯīya magnetometer; ‫ مَقياس التنفس‬m. ‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th. for) V and VII to burst,
at-tanaffus spirometer; ‫مَقاييس الَطوال‬ crack, get broken, break; to collapse, fall
measures of length, linear measures; ‫مَقاييس‬ in, cave in, tumble down 805
‫ المسطحات‬m. al-musaṯṯaḥāt square ‫ قيض‬qaiḍ eggshell; barter, exchange;
measures; O ‫ مَقاييس السطوح‬do.; ‫مَقاييس الحجم‬ article of exchange, barter object,
m. al-ḥajm cubic measures; ‫ مَقاييس الكيل‬m. equivalent
al-kail measures of capacity, dry
measures, liquid measures ‫ قياض‬qiyāḍ barter, exchange
‫مَقاس‬maqās pl. –āt measuring, ‫ مَقايضة‬muqāyaḍa barter, exchange;
mensuration; gauging; measurement, barter trade, bartering; trading, barter (Isl.
dimension, size; pl. ‫مَقاسات‬dimensions Law); compensation, barter transaction,
barter deal
‫ مَقايسة‬muqāyasa measuring,
mensuration, gauging; comparison; ‫ قيطان‬see ‫قطن‬
appraisal, valuation, estimation by ‫ قيطوس‬qīṯūs Cetus (astron.)
analogy; (preliminary) estimate (of coots);
relation, rate, rates, proportion; detailed ‫ قيظ‬qaiẓ heat of summer; high summer, mid-
listing, specification; itemized list (of summer, dog days; lack of rain, drought,
services, quantities, prices) aridity│ ‫ قيظ النهار‬q. an-nahār daytime heat

‫ قيسرى‬qaisarī pl. ‫ قياسر‬qayāsir2, ‫ قياسرة‬qayāsira ‫ مَقيظ‬maqīẓ summer residence


big, large, huge, enormous ‫قائظ‬qā’iẓ scorchingly hot, midsummery,
2
‫ قيسرية‬qaisarīya Caesarea (ancient canicular
seaport in Palestine) ‫ قيف‬II to follow (‫ هـ‬s.o.’s tracks); to study,
‫ قياسرية‬qayāsirīya pl. ‫ قياسر‬qaysir2 large examine, investigate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to criticize (
block of public buildings with stores, ‫ هـ‬s.th.)
workshops, etc., roofed market place, ‫ قيافة‬qiyāfa tracking, pursuit (of a track);
bazaar; qaisarīya2 Caesarea (ancient make-up, guise, costume
seaport in Palestine)
‫ قيقب‬qaiqab maple (bot.)
‫ قايش‬pl. ‫ قوايش‬look up alphabetically 1
(‫ قال )قيل‬qāla i (qail, ‫ قائلة‬qā’ila, ‫قيلولة‬qailūla,
‫ قيشانى‬qīšānī faience; porcelain, china ‫ قيل‬qīl) to take a midday nap; to hold siesta
II do. IV to abolish, repeal, annul (‫ هـ‬s.th.); unanimous about it, they are 806
to cancel, abrogate, rescind, revoke (‫هـ‬ practically agreed on it; ‫ انا كمسلم‬anā
s.th., esp. a sale); to depose, dismiss, kamuslimin I (in my capacity) as a
discharge (‫ هـ‬s.o.; also with ‫ مَن المنصب‬min Muslim
al-manṣib from his office); to free, ‫ كأن‬ka-anna (conj. introducing a
release, exempt (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ مَن‬from an nominal clause) as if, as though; it is
obligation)│‫‘( اقال ا عثرتك‬atrataka) may (was) as if │ ‫ كأني بها‬ka-annī bihā (with
God regard your offence as undone; ‫اقاله‬ imperf.) it is like seeing her before me; I
‫‘( مَن عثرته‬atratihī) to steady one who has am under the impression that she …, it
stumbled X to demand the cancellation, looks to me as if she ...
seek the abrogation (‫ هـ‬of a sale); to ask (‫ه‬
s.o.) for exemption, release, or annulment; ‫ كذا‬ka-dā so, thus, that way; so and so,
to request to be released from office, such and such, so-and-so much, so-and-so
tender one’s resignation, resign (‫ مَن‬or ‫عن‬ many │ ‫ كذا مَكذا‬so and so, such and such,
from an office); to resign one’s so-and-so much, so-and-so many; ‫وكذا‬
commission, quit the service; to ask s.o.’s ‫ بمكان كذا‬bi-makāni k. at such and such a
(‫ )ه‬pardon, apologize (‫ ه‬to s.o.) place; ‫‘ عمره كذا سنوات‬umruhū k. sanawāt
his age is so-and-so many years
‫ قيل‬qail pl. ‫ اقيال‬aqyāl princeling; chief,
chieftain ‫ كذلك‬ka-dālika so, like this, thus;
equally; likewise
‫ قيلولة‬qailūla siesta; midday nap
‫ كما‬ka-mā (conj. introducing a verbal
‫ مَقيل‬maqīl resting place, halting place clause) as, just as, as also, as on the other
‫ اقالة‬iqāla cancellation, abrogation, hand; (introducing a main clause) equally,
rescission, revocation (esp. of a sale); likewise, as well │ ‫ كما ان‬ka-mā anna
abolishment, abolition, repeal, annulment; (introducing a nominal clause) as, just as
deposition, dismissal, discharge from an quite as, as also, as on the other hand; ‫كما‬
office ‫ هو‬such as it is; as things are, such being
the matter; ‫ كما لو كان حاضرا‬if as if he were
‫ استقالة‬istiqāla resignation, withdrawal
present
(from office); retirement
‫ مَدينة الكاب‬madīnat al-kāb Cape Town
‫ قائلة‬qā’la midday nap; noon, midday
‫ كئب‬ka’iba a (‫ كأب‬ka’b, ‫ كأبة‬ka’ba, ‫ كآبة‬ka’āba)
‫ مَستقيل‬mustaqīl resigned from office,
to be dejected, dispirited, downcast, sad (
retired, discharged
‫ على‬about, ‫ ل‬because of), be worried (‫ ل‬by,
2
‫ قيلة‬qīla, ‫( قيلة مَائية‬mā’īya) hydrocele (med.) because of) IV to sadden, aggrieve,
‫ قيم‬,‫ قيمة‬,‫ قيام‬and ‫ قيوم‬see ‫قوم‬ distress, worry (‫ ه‬s.o.); to depress,
dishearten, discourage (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to be
‫ قين‬qain pl. ‫ قيون‬quyūn blacksmith dejected, dispirited, downcast, sad (‫على‬
‫ قينة‬qaina pl. -āt, ‫ قيان‬qiyān songstress, about, ‫ ل‬because of), be worried (‫ ل‬by,
singer; lady’s maid because of); to be gloomy
‫ مَقينة‬muqayyina lady’s maid ‫ كأب‬ka’b, ‫ كأبة‬ka’ba, ‫ كآبة‬ka’āba and
‫ اكتئاب‬ikti’āb sorrow, grief, distress,
‫ك‬ sadness, dejection, depression, gloom,
melancholy

‫ ك‬ka (with foll. genit.) as, like; all but, as good ‫ كئب‬ka’ib and ‫ كئيب‬ka’īb sad, dispirited,
as; as, in my (your, etc.) capacity of │ dejected, downcast, depressed,
‫ كالول‬ka-l-awwali as before, as at the melancholy; gloomy, morose; grave
beginning, as from the outset; ‫ كهذا‬ka-hādā ‫ مَكتئب‬mukta’ib sad, dispirited, dejected,
such, e.g., ‫ رجل كهذا‬rajulun kahādā such a downcast, depressed, melancholy;
man, a man like this; ‫هم كالمجمعين على ذلك‬ gloomy, morose; grave; dark-colored,
(ka-l-mujmi‘īna) they are as good as blackish, dismal
1
‫( كابل‬Fr. cable) kabil cable ‫ كاف‬kāf name of the letter ‫ك‬
2
‫ كابل‬kābul2 Kabul (capital of Afghanistan) ‫ كافور‬kāfūr camphor, camphor tree; (eg.) blue
gum (Eucalyptus globulus Lab.; bot.)
‫ ابلي‬kābūlī Kabuli, of Kabul; (eg.)
mahogany wood ‫ كاكنج‬kākinj, kākanj alkekengi, ground cherry
(Physalis alkekengi; bot.)
‫( كابين‬Fr. cabine) kābīn pl. ‫ كبائن‬kabā’in2, ‫كباين‬
kabāyin2 cabin ‫( كالو‬It. callo) kallō pl. ‫ كالوهات‬corn (on the
toes)
‫ كاتدرائية‬kātidrā’īya cathedral
‫ كالون‬gālōn gallon; -- (eg.) kālūn and ‫كيلون‬
‫ كاثوليكي‬kātūlīkī Catholic; a Catholic; see also
kailūn pl. ‫ كوالين‬kawālīn2 lock (of a door)
‫كثلك‬
‫ كواليني‬kawālīnī pl. -ya locksmith
‫ كاخية‬kākiya pl. ‫ كواخ‬kawākin butler, steward
1 ‫ كامَبوديا‬kambōdiyā Cambodia
‫ كاد‬kād anacardium (bot.) │ ‫( كاد هندي‬hindī)
cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale; ‫( كامَبيو‬It. cambio) kombiyō rate of exchange
bot.) ‫ كامَخ‬kāmak, kāmik pl. ‫ كوامَخ‬kawāmik2 vinegar
2
‫ كأد‬ka’ada a to be sad, distressed, worried sauce, pickle; (mixed) pickles
‫ كأداء‬ka’dā’2 sadness, sorrow, distress, ‫ كامَيرا‬kāmērā camera
grief; fear; dark night │ ‫‘( عقبة كأداء‬aqaba) ‫ كامَيه‬kāmīh cameo (precious stone)
insurmountable obstacle
‫ سوق الكانتو‬sūq al-kantō rag fair, secondhand
‫ كؤود‬ka’ūd: ‫‘( عقبة كؤود‬aqaba) market
insurmountable obstacle
‫ كانتين‬kantīn post exchange, canteen
‫( كادر‬Fr. cadre) kādir cadre (of a
military unit, of a governmental agency, of ‫ كاهية‬kāhiya pl. ‫ كواه‬kawāhin chief officer of a
a corporation, etc.), skeleton organization, ‫ كهاية‬kihāya (Tun.); deputy, vice-, under-,
skeleton unit, skeleton crew (of a naval sub- (Tun.)
unit) ‫ كاوتشق‬kautšuq rubber, caoutchouc
‫ كادمَيوم‬kadmiyom cadmium ‫ كب‬kabba u (kabb) to prostrate, throw prostrate
‫ كار‬kār pl. -āt work, job, occupation, (‫ لوجهه‬li-wajhihī or ‫ على وجهه ه‬s.o.); to
business; calling, vocation, profession, overturn, overthrow, topple, upset,
trade │ ‫ ابن كار‬ibn k. (eg.) artisan, capsize, turn upside down, revert, invert (
craftsman; ‫ ارباب الكارات‬artisans, craftsmen; ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pour out, pour away (‫ هـ‬a
‫‘ عداوة الكار‬adāwat al-k. professional liquid) II to ball, roll or form into a ball,
jealousy, trade rivalry 807 conglomerate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to throw down,
prostrate, bend down, bow down (‫ ه‬s.o.);
‫ كارتون‬kartōn cardboard, pasteboard; (pl. -āt) to throw o.s. down, prostrate o.s.; to bend,
carton bow, lean (‫ على‬over s.th.); to apply o.s.
‫ كاردينال‬kardīnāl pl. ‫ كرادلة‬karādila cardinal eagerly, devote o.s., dedicate o.s. (‫ على‬to
s.th.) VII to fall prostrate (‫ ;)على وجهه‬to
‫ كارى = كرى‬karrī curry
throw o.s. down, prostrate o.s.; to bend,
‫ كاريكاتورية‬karīkātūrīya caricature, cartoon bow, lean (‫ على‬over); to apply o.s. eagerly,
‫ كاز = غاز‬gāz gas devote o.s., dedicate o.s. (‫ على‬to); to nestle
(‫ على‬against); to be reverted, be inverted,
‫ كازينو‬kāzīnō pl. ‫ كازينوهات‬kāzīnōhāt casino be overturned, be upset, be toppled, get
‫ كأس‬ka’s f., pl. ‫ كؤوس‬ku’ūs, ‫ كئاس‬ki’ās, ‫كأسات‬ knocked over; to be poured away │ ‫انكب‬
ka’sāt cup; drinking glass, tumbler; goblet; ‫( على قدمَيه‬qadamaihi) to throw o.s. at s.o.’s
chalice, calix; calyx (bot.) feet, prostrate o.s. before s.o.
‫ كساتا‬kāsātā cassata (Italian ice cream) ‫ كب‬kabb prostration; overthrow,
overturn, reversal; bending, tilting,
‫ كاغط‬kāgiṭ (mor.) paper inclination
‫ كبة‬kubba pl. ‫ كبب‬kubab ball; clew, ‫ كبح‬kabaḥa a (kabḥ) to rein in (‫ هـ‬a horse); to
hank; ball of thread, hank of yarn; (syr., check, curb, control (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to hamper,
ir.) a kind of meatballs made of bulgur, hinder, prevent, detain, restrain, hold back
onions, minced meat and piñons; (eg.) (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from) │ ‫( كبح جماحه‬jimāḥahū) to
bubo, plague boil curb s.o.’s defiance, repress s.o. or s.th.
‫ كباب‬kabāb fried or broiled meat; ‫ كبح‬kabḥ curbing, checking, subdual,
cabobs, meat roasted in small pieces on a restraint, control; suppression, repression;
skewer; a kind of meatballs made of finely hindering, prevention
chopped meat (syr., eg.) │ ‫( كباب صيني‬ṣīnī; O ‫ مَكبح‬mikbaḥ brake (of an automobile)
eg.) cubeb (Piper cubeba Tr.; bot.)
‫ كبد‬kabada u i (kabd) to affect severely, afflict
‫ كبابة‬kabāba, kubāba cubeb (Piper gravely, wear out, wear down (‫ ه‬s.o.; of
cubeba; bot.) pain, losses, etc.) II to cause (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o.
‫( كبيبة‬eg.) kubēba a kind of meatballs, s.th., esp. losses), inflict (‫ هـ ه‬upon s.o.
hamburgers │ ‫( كبيبة بطاطس‬eg.) baked s.th., esp. losses); to culminate, pass
potato dough stuffed with minced meat, through the meridian (star); to reach its
meat patties climax III to bear, suffer, endure, undergo,
sustain, stand (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to bear, suffer,
□ ‫ كباية‬kubbāya pl. -āt drinking glass,
endure, undergo, sustain, stand (‫ هـ‬losses,
tumbler 808
hardships, etc.); to have to take upon o.s. (
‫ مَكب‬mikabb pl. -āt, ‫ مَكاب‬makābb2 ball ‫ هـ‬s.th.), be exposed (‫ هـ‬to); to bear, defray
of thread, hank of yarn; reel of thread, (‫ هـ‬costs); to take up the center, step into
bobbin, spool, reel the middle (‫ هـ‬of a place); to be in the
‫ اكباب‬ikbāb devotion, dedication (‫ على‬to zenith, culminate
s.th.); occupation (‫ على‬with), pursuit (‫على‬ ‫ كبد‬kabid, kabd, kibd m. and f., pl. ‫اكباد‬
of) akbād, ‫ كبود‬kubūd liver; interior, heart;
‫ انكباب‬inkibāb devotion, dedication (‫على‬ middle, center; -- kabid, kabad center of
to s.th.); occupation (‫ على‬with), pursuit (‫عل‬ the sky, zenith
‫ ى‬of) ‫ كباد‬kubād liver ailment
‫ مَكب‬mukibb devoted, dedicated, ‫ كباد‬kabbād, kubbād name of several
addicted, given over (‫ على‬to), intent (‫على‬ citrus plants (Citrus medica Risso, Citrus
on), wholeheartedly engaged (‫ على‬in) Bigaradia Duh., also Zollikoferia spinosa
‫ مَنكب‬munkabb devoted, dedicated, B.; eg.); kabbād (syr.) citron (Citrus
addicted, given over (‫ على‬to), intent (‫على‬ medica)
on), wholeheartedly engaged (‫ على‬in) 1
‫ كبر‬kabara u (kabr) to exceed in age (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
‫( كباريه‬Fr. cabaret) kabārēh pl. -āt cabaret by), be older (‫ ه‬than s.o., ‫ ب‬so-and-so
1
much); -- kabura u (kubr, kibar, ‫كبارة‬
‫ كبت‬kabata i (kabt) to put down, crush, kabāra) to be or become great, big, large;
suppress, repress, stifle, subdue, restrain, to grow, increase, augment, become
curb (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( كبت غيظه في جوفه‬gaiẓahū greater, bigger or larger; to become
fī jaufihī) to suppress one’s anger; ‫كبت‬ famous, gain significance, become
‫( انفاسه‬anfāsahū) to get s.o. out of breath important; to become too great, too big,
‫ كبت‬kabt suppression, repression toe large (‫ عن‬for s.th.); to disdain (‫عن‬
2
s.th.); to become toe oppressive, too
‫ كبوت‬kabbūt pl. ‫ كبابيت‬kabābīt2 hood, cowl; painful, too distressing, too burdensome;
hooded mantle; top of a carriage or to appear intolerable (‫ الى‬to s.o.); to
automobile become too difficult, too hard (‫ الى‬for s.o.),
‫ كبتولة‬kabtūla lump, chunk; ball; pellet appear insurmountable (‫ الى‬to s.o.) II to
make great(er), big(ger), large(r), enlarge,
‫ مَكبتل‬mukabtal round
magnify, enhance, aggrandize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫( كبتن‬Engl.) kabtan captain (military rank) extend, expand, widen, amplify (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to increase, augment (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to intensify senior officers; ‫ كبار الموظفين‬k. al-
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); 809 to exaggerate, play up (‫هـ‬ muwaẓẓafīn senior officials; ‫ كبار الهيئات‬k.
s.th.); to aggravate, make worse (‫ هـ‬s.th.); al-hai’āt the leading personalities of
to praise, laud, extol, exalt, glorify, public corporations
celebrate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to exclaim ‫ كبيرة‬kabīra pl. -āt, ‫ كبائر‬kabā’ir2, ‫كبر‬
allāhu akbar III to treat haughtily, with kubur great sin, grave offense, Atrocious
disdain, with contempt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to seek to crime
excel, try to surpass, strive to outdo (‫ه‬
s.o.); to contend, vie, strive, contest (‫ ه‬with ‫ كبار‬kubār, kubbār very great, very big,
s.o.); to oppose, resist, contradict (‫ ه‬s.o.); huge
to renege, renounce (‫ هـ‬s.th.), offend (‫هـ‬ ‫ كبرياء‬kibriyā’ grandeur, glory,
against), act contrary (‫ هـ‬to); to stickle, magnificence, majesty; pride, haughtiness,
insist stubbornly on one’s opinion IV to presumption, arrogance
consider great, deem significant, regard as
formidable (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to praise, laud, extol ‫ اكبر‬akbar2 pl. -ūn, ‫ اكابر‬akābir2, f. ‫كبرى‬
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to show respect (‫ ه‬to s.o.), he kubrā, pl. ‫ كبريات‬kubrayāt greater, bigger,
deferential (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to admire (‫ها‬ larger; older; senior-ranking │ ‫المفتي الكبر‬
s.th.) V and VI to be proud or haughty, (muftī) grand mufti; ‫( سوريا الكبرى‬sūriyā)
give o.s. airs, swagger; to be overweening, Greater Syria; ‫ أكابر القوم‬a. al-qaum the
overbearing (‫ على‬toward s.o.) X to deem leaders of the people; ‫ الكابر والعيان‬the
great or important (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be proud, grandees and notables
haughty, display arrogance (‫ على‬toward ‫ تكبير‬takbīr enlargement, increase,
s.o.) augmentation, magnification;
‫ كبر‬kibr bigness, largeness, magnitude; enhancement, aggrandizement;
greatness, eminence, grandeur; intensification, amplification;
significance, importance; standing, exaggeration; augmentative (gram.);
prestige; nobility; pride, haughtiness, praise, laudation, extolment, exaltation,
presumption, arrogance glorification; the exclamation ‫ا اكبر‬
allāhu akbar
‫ كبر‬kubr greatness, eminence, grandeur;
bigness, largeness, magnitude; size, bulk, ‫ مَكابرة‬mukābara haughtiness,
extent, expanse; power, might; glory, superciliousness, overweening,
fame, renown, standing, prestige; nobility; overbearingness; self-importance,
main part, bulk pomposity; stubbornness, obstinacy, self-
will
‫ كبر‬kibar bigness, largeness, magnitude;
greatness, eminence, grandeur; old age ‫ اكبار‬ikbār admiration; deference,
respect, regard, esteem
‫ كبرة‬kabra old age
‫ تكبر‬takabbur and ‫ تكابر‬takābur pride,
‫ كبير‬kabīr pl. ‫ كبار‬kibār, ‫ كبراء‬kubarā’2 haughtiness, presumption, arrogance
great, big, large, sizable; bulky,
voluminous, spacious; extensive, ‫ مَكبر‬mukabbir pl. -āt O amplifier (el.)
comprehensive; significant, considerable, │ ‫ مَكبر الصوت‬m. aṣ-ṣaut or ‫مَكبر صوت‬
formidable, huge, vast, enormous; (ṣautī) 810 loud-speaker (radio); ‫نظارة‬
powerful, influential, distinguished, ‫( مَكبرة‬naẓẓāra) magnifying glass
eminent; important; old │ ‫كبير امَراء البحار‬ ‫ مَكبرة‬mukabbira pl. -āt magnifying
k. umara’ al-b. Admiral of the Fleet (Eg.); glass
‫ كبيرة الخدم‬k. al-kadam female head of the
houaehold staff; ‫ كبير الساقفة‬k. al-asāqifa ‫ مَكبر‬mukabbar enlarged, magnified │
archbishop; ‫ كبير السن‬k. as-sinn old; ‫كبير‬ ‫( صورة مَكبرة‬ṣūra) enlargement, blowup
‫ القضاة‬k. al-quḍāh chief justice, chief (phot.); ‫ بصورة مَكبرة‬increasingly, on a
magistrate; ‫( ابو كبير‬abū) asafetida, devil’s larger scale, to an increasing degree
dung (pharm.); ‫ كل صغيرة وكبيرة‬every ‫ مَكابر‬mukābir presumptuous, arrogant,
single detail; ‫ كبار الضباط‬k. aḍ-ḍubbāṭ supercilious, haughty, overweening;
quarrelsome, contentious, cantankerous; press, copying press; O ‫( مَكبس مَائي‬mā’ī)
self-willed, obstinate, stubborn; stickler hydraulic press
‫ مَتكبر‬mutakabbir proud, imperious, ‫ تكبيس‬takbīs massage
high-handed, haughty, supercilious, O ‫ آلة كابسة‬āla kābisa compressor
overweening
2 ‫ مَكبوس‬makbūs raided, attacked;
‫ كبر‬kabar capers; caper shrub pressed; preserved, pickled; ‫مَكبوسات‬
‫ كبرت‬kabrata to coat with sulfur (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to canned goods, conserves
sulfurize, sulfurate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to vulcanize ( ‫ كبسول‬kabsūl or ‫ كبسولة‬kabsūla capsule;
‫ هـ‬s.th.) percussion cap, primer, detonator; snap
‫ كبريت‬kibrīt sulfur; matches │ ‫عود كبريت‬ fastener
‘ūd k. matches, a match ‫ كبش‬kabaša u (kabš) to take a handful (‫ هـ‬of
‫ كبريتة‬kibrīta match, matchstick s.th.); to grasp with the hand, clench (‫هـ‬
s.th.)
‫ كبريتي‬kibrītī sulfureous, sulfurate,
sulfurous, sulfuric │ ‫( حمام كبريتي‬ḥammām) ‫ كبش‬kabš pl. ‫ كباش‬kibāš, ‫ اكباش‬akbāš
sulfur bath; ‫( ينبوع كبريتي‬yanbū‘) sulfur ram, male sheep; bellwether; chieftain,
spring chief, head, leader; battering-ram; pile
‫ كبريتات‬kibrītāt sulfate driver; rammer; (pl. ‫ كبوش‬kubūš)buttress,
pier, stay, prop, support; mulberry │ ‫كبش‬
‫ كبري‬kubrī or ‫( كوبري‬from Turk. köprü) pl. ‫ التصادم‬k. at-taṣādum (pl. ‫ )كبوش‬bumper
‫ كباري‬kabārī bridge; deck (railroad); ‫ كبوش قرنفل‬k. qaranful cloves
‫ كبس‬kabasa i (kabs) to exert pressure (‫ على‬on), ‫ كبشة‬kabša a handful; grasp, grip
press (‫ على‬s.th. or on s.th.), squeeze (‫على‬
‫ كبشة‬kabša ladle, scoop
s.th.); to attack, raid, take by surprise (‫ هـ‬a
place); to intercalate (‫ السنة بيوم‬as-sanata ‫ كبشة‬kubša pl. ‫ كبش‬kubaš hook, clamp,
bi-yaumin a day in a leap year); cramp, brace; clasp, brooch 811
to preserve (in vinegar, or the like), ‫ كبكب‬kabkaba to topple, upset, capsize,
pickle (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to marinate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to overturn, turn upside down, revert, invert (
conserve (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to press or squeeze ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to spill (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
hard (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to massage (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ كبيكج‬kabīkaj Asiatic crowfoot (Ranunculus
‫ كبس‬kabs pressure, squeeze, pressing; Asiaticus; bot.)
raid, attack; preservation (esp. in vinegar), 1
‫ كبل‬kabala i (kabl) to put in irons, shackle,
pickling; intercalation (of a day; astron.) fetter (‫ ه‬s.o.); to keep waiting (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬for
‫ كبس‬kabsa (n. vic.) raid, surprise attack s.th., esp. for the payment of a debt) II to
put in irons, shackle, fetter (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to
‫ كباس‬kabbas piston; press; ramrod │ O
keep waiting (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬for s.th., esp. for the
‫( مَوسى كباس‬mūsā) penknife
payment of a debt), defer, put off (‫ الدين‬ad-
‫ كبيس‬kabīs preserved (esp. in vinegar), daina the payment of a debt)
pickled; pickled food, preserves;
‫ كبل‬kabl, kibl pl. ‫ كبول‬kubūl leg iron,
intercalary, intercalated, interpolated │ ‫سنة‬
chain, shackle, fetter
‫( كبيسة‬sana) leap year
‫ كبولي‬kabūlī and ‫ كابولي‬kābūlī pl. ‫كوابيل‬
‫ كابوس‬kābūs pl. ‫ كوابيس‬kawābīs2 night-
kawābīl2 bracket, corbel, console (arch.);
mare, incubus; terrible vision, phantom,
lean to roof, pent roof, shed roof (arch.)
bugbear
2
‫ كابل‬and ‫ كابلي‬look up alphabetically
‫ كبس‬mikbas pl. ‫ مَكابس‬makābis2 or ‫مَكباس‬
mikbās pl. ‫ مَكابيس‬makābīs2 press; piston ‫ كابين‬pl. ‫ كباين‬look up alphabetically
(of a pump); ramrod │ ‫ مَكبس القطن‬m. al- (‫ كبا )كبو‬kabā u (kabw, kubūw) to fall forward (‫ل‬
quṭn cotton press; O ‫ مَكبس الخطابات‬letter ‫ وجهه‬li-wajhihī on one’s face); to stumble,
trip, slip; -- u to empty (‫ هـ‬a vessel), pour
out the contents (‫ هـ‬of a vessel); to become the Bible │ ‫ اهل الكتب‬ahl a1-k. the people
dim (light); to become dull, fade, lose of the Book, the adherents of a revealed
luster (color); to rise, swirl up (dust) IV to religion, the kitabis, i.e., Christians and
fail, fail to produce a spark (lighter) VII to Jews; ‫ كتاب الزواج‬k. az-zawāj marriage
fail headlong; to stumble, trip, slip contract; ‫ كتاب الطلق‬k. aṭ-ṭalāq bill of
divorce; ‫( كتاب تعليمي‬ta‘līmī) textbook; ‫كتاب‬
‫ كبوة‬kabwa (n. vic.) fall, tumble, drop;
‫ الَعتماد‬credentials (dipl.); ‫ دار الكتب‬library
stumble, trip, slip, false step; dust
‫ كتبي‬kutubī pl. -ya bookseller, book-
‫ كاب‬kābin dull, dim, pale, dead, flat;
dealer 812
slack, weak, decrepit; see ‫كاب‬
alphabetically ‫ كتابخانة‬kitābkāna and ‫ كتبخانة‬kutubkāna
library; bookstore
‫ كباية‬see ‫كب‬
‫ كتاب‬kuttāb pl. ‫ كتاتيب‬katātīb2 kuttab,
‫ كبوت‬see 2‫كبت‬
Koran school (lowest elementary school)
‫ كت‬katta i (katt) to hum softly
‫ كتيب‬kutayyib booklet
‫ كت‬katt and ‫ كتيت‬katīt soft humming
‫ كتابة‬kitāba (act or practice of) writing;
‫ كتالوج‬katālōg pl. -āt catalogue art of writing, penmanship; system of
‫ كتب‬kataba u (katb, ‫ كتبة‬kitba, ‫ كتابة‬kitāba) to writing, script; inscription; writing,
write, pen, write down, put down in legend; placard, poster; piece of writing,
writing, note down, inscribe, enter, record, record, paper; secretariat; written amulet,
book, register (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to compose, draw charm; pl. ‫ كتابات‬writings, essays; ‫كتابة‬
up, indite, draft (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bequeath, kitābatan in writing │ ‫ بالكتابة‬written; ‫بدون‬
make over by will (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to ‫ كتابة‬bi-dūn k. unwritten, oral; blank; ‫كتابة‬
prescribe (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to ‫ التاريخ‬historiography, historical writing;
foreordain, destine (‫ ل‬or ‫ على هـ‬s.th. to s.o.; ‫ كتابة الدولة‬k. ad-daula (Magr.) secretariat
of God); pass. kutiba to be rated, be of stae; ‫‘( كتابة عامَة‬āmma) secretariat
foreordained, be destined (‫ ل‬to s.o.) │ ‫كتب‬ general; ‫ اسم الكتابة‬ism al-k. pen name, nom
‫ على نفسه ان‬to be firmly resolved to ..., de plume; ‫ آلة الكتابة‬typewriter; ‫لغة الكتابة‬
make it one’s duty to ...; ‫ كتب عنه‬to write lugat al-k. literary language; ‫ورق الكتابة‬
from s.o.’s dictation; ‫( كتب كتابه‬kitābahū) to waraq al-k. writing paper
draw up the marriage contract for s.o., ‫ كتابي‬kitābī written, in writing; clerical;
marry s.o. (‫ على‬to) II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) write literary; scriptural, relating to the revealed
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to form or deploy in squadrons ( Scriptures (Koran, Bible); kitabi, adherent
‫ هـ‬troops) III to keep up a correspondence, of a revealed religion; the written part (of
exchange letters, correspond (‫ ه‬with s.o.) an examination) │ ‫( اسلوب كتابي‬uslūb)
IV to dictate (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), make (‫ه‬ literary style; ‫( غلطة كتابية‬galṭa) slip of the
s.o.) write (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to write to each pen, clerical error; ‫ اعمال كتابية‬clerical
other, exchange letters, keep up a work, office work, desk work; ‫الكمال الكتابي‬
correspondence VII to subscribe VIII to (kamāl) literary perfection; ‫( لغة كتابية‬luga)
write (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to copy (‫ هـ‬s.th.), make a literary language; ‫( مَوظف كتابي‬muwaẓẓaf)
copy (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to enter one’s name; to clerk, clerical worker (of a government
subscribe (‫ ل‬for); to contribute, subscribe ( office)
‫ ل ب‬money to); to be entered, be recorded,
‫ كتيبة‬katība pl. ‫ كتائب‬katā’ib2 squadron;
be registered X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to write (‫هـ‬
cavalry detachment; (Eg. 1939) battalion,
s.th.); to dictate (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), make (‫ه‬
(Ir. after 1922) regiment, (later) battalion,
s.o.) write (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to have a copy made (
(Syr.) battalion of armored, cavalry, or
‫ ه‬by s.o.)
motorized, unite (mil.); (piece of) writing,
‫ كتاب‬kitāb pl. ‫ كتب‬kutub piece of record, paper, document; written amulet
writing, record, paper; letter, note,
‫ مَكتب‬maktab pl. ‫ مَكاتب‬makātib2 office;
message; document, deed; contract (esp.
bureau; business office; study; school,
marriage contract); book; ‫ الكتاب‬the Koran;
elementary school; department, agency,
office; desk │ ‫ مَكتب الخبار‬and ‫مَكتب النباء‬ to cross, fold (‫ هـ‬hands, arms behind the
news agency, press agency, wire service; back or in front of the chest) V and X to
‫ مَكتب البريد‬post office; ‫مَكتب البريد الرئيسي‬ cross or fold one’s arms VI to stand
(ra’īsī) main post office; ‫ مَكتب البرق‬m. al- shoulder to shoulder; to support one
barq telegraph office; ‫ مَكتب التحرير‬editorial another; to be united in solidarity, stand
room; ‫ مَكتب التليفونات‬telephone central together
office; ‫ مَكتب السفريات‬m. as-safarīyāt (syr.) ‫ كتف‬katif, katf, kitf pl. ‫ اكتاف‬aktāf, ‫كتفة‬
travel agency; ‫ مَكتب الصحة‬m. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa kitafa shoulder; shoulder blade, scapula;
board of health; ‫مَكتب الَستعلمَات‬ mountain slope; O end support of a
information office, information desk; bridge; (pl. ‫ اكتاف‬aktāf) buttress, pier │ ‫مَا‬
news agency, press agency, wire service ‫( هكذا تؤكل الكتف‬tu’kalu) that’s certainly not
‫ مَكتبة‬maktaba pl. -āt, ‫ مَكاتب‬makātib2 the way to do it! that’s no way to handle
library; bookstore; desk it!
O ‫ مَكتاب‬miktāb typewriter ‫ كتاف‬kitāf pl. ‫ كتف‬kutuf shackle,
manacle, handcuff
‫ مَكاتبة‬mukātaba exchange of letters,
correspondence ‫ كتف‬aktaf2, f. ‫ كتفاء‬katfā’2, pl. ‫ كتف‬kutf
broad-shouldered
‫ اكتتاب‬iktitāb enrollment, registration,
1
entering (of one’s name); -- (pl. -āt) ‫ كتكت‬katkat floss, silk waste
subscription; contribution (of funds) 2
‫ كتكوت‬katkūt pl. ‫ كتاكيت‬katākīt2 chicken, chick
‫ استكتاب‬istiktāb dictation ‫ كتل‬katala u (katl) and II to agglomerate,
‫ استكتابي‬istiktābī: ‫ آلة استكتابية‬dictaphone conglomerate, gather into a compact mass,
press into a lump (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be heaped
‫ كاتب‬kātib pl. -ūn, ‫ كتاب‬kuttāb, ‫كتبة‬
up, piled up, agglomerated, clustered,
kataba writer; scribe, scrivener; secretary;
clotted, massed, pressed into a compact
clerk typist; office worker, clerical
mass or lump; to agglomerate, cluster,
employee; clerk, registrar, actuary, court
clot, pile up, gather in a mass; to unite in a
clerk; notary; writer, author │ ‫ كاتب الدولة‬k.
bloc or group
ad-daula (Mag.) (under)secretary of state;
‫ كاتب السر‬k. s-sirr private secretary; ‫كاتب‬ ‫ كتلة‬kutla pl. ‫ كتل‬kutal lump, chunk,
‫( قصصي‬qiṣaṣī) writer, novelist; ‫كاتب المحكمة‬ clod, clot; bulk, mass; cube; block; bloc;
k. al-mahkama court clerk; ‫آلة كاتبة‬ beam, joist, transom, lintel, girder │ ‫كتل‬
typewriter ‫( بشرية‬bašarīya) crowds, throngs, masses;
‫ كتلة الجسد‬kutlat al-jasad bulk of the body,
‫ كاتبة‬kātiba pl. -āt woman secretary;
frame; ‫( كتلة مَن العصاب‬a‘ṣāb) a fearless,
authoress, writer
husky fellow; ‫( الكتلة الوطنية‬waṭanīya) the
‫ مَكتوب‬maktūb written, written down, National Bloc
recorded; fated, foreordained, destined (‫ل‬
‫ مَكتل‬miktal pi. ‫ مَكاتل‬makatil2 large
or ‫ على‬to s.o.); s.th. written, writing; -- (pl.
basket
‫ مَكاتيب‬makātīb2) a writing, message, note;
letter ‫ تكتل‬takattul formation of blocs (pol.) │
‫ سياسة التكتل‬policy of blocs (pol.)
‫ مَكاتب‬mukātib correspondent;
(newspaper) reporter ‫ مَتكتل‬mutakattil clotted, lumpy,
agglomerate, clustered, massed;
‫ مَكتتب‬muktatib subscriber 813
concentrated, compact; burly, husky,
‫ كتابخانة‬and ‫ كتبخانة‬see ‫كتب‬ stocky, heavily built (body)
‫ اكتع‬akta’ pl. ‫ كتع‬kut’ having crippled fingers; ‫ كتم‬katama u (katm, ‫ كتمان‬kitmān) to hide (‫هـ‬
one-armed s.th., ‫ عن‬from s.o.); to conceal, secrete,
‫ كتف‬katafa i (katf) to fetter, shackle (‫ ه‬s.o., esp. keep secret (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ عن‬from s.o.); to
by tying his hands); to tie up, bind (‫هـ‬ suppress, repress, restrain, check, curb,
s.th.) II to tie the hands behind the back; subdue (‫ هـ‬anger, passion); to hold (‫هـ‬
one’s breath); to lower, muffle (‫ هـ‬the
voice); to stifle, smother, quench (‫ هـ‬fire) be more (‫ عن‬than); to happen frequently,
│ ‫ كتم انفاسه‬to take s.o.’s breath away, drive occur often; to increase, augment,
s.o. out of his senses II to hide, conceal (‫هـ‬ multiply, grow II to increase, augment,
s.th.) III to hide, conceal, keep, withhold ( compound, multiply (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to
‫ هـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.) V to keep silent, hold outnumber, exceed in number (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
one’s tongue, keep mum VIII = II X to ask s.th.); to vie in quantity or number (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
(‫ ه‬s.o.) to keep (‫ ه‬a secret); to confide (‫هـ ه‬ with) IV to do much (‫ مَن‬in or of s.th.); to
to s.o. s.th.) give much or frequently (‫ مَن ل‬to s.o. of
s.th.); to do constantly,
‫ كتم‬katm and ‫ كتمان‬kitmān secrecy,
concealment, secretion, silence; restraint, always or frequently (‫ مَن‬or ‫ في‬s.th.); to
control, suppression (esp. of an emotion) increase, augment (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to band
together, form a gang, rally (‫ على‬against)
‫ كتيم‬katīm shut tight, hermetically
X = IV; to regard as too much, deem
sealed, impenetrable, impermeable,
excessive, find exorbitant (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
impervious
regard as too high, as too troublesome (‫هـ‬
‫ كتوم‬katūm reticent, reserved, secretive, s.th.); to think not worth the trouble (‫هـ‬
uncommunicative, taciturn, discreet s.th., ‫ على‬with regard to s.o.); to begrudge
‫ كتام‬kitām (eg.) constipation (‫ هـ على‬s.o. s.th.); to demand much, ask for
a lot │ ‫( استكثر بخيره‬bi-kairihī) to thank s.o.
‫ تكتم‬takattum secrecy, secretiveness,
reticence, reserve, taciturnity, discretion ‫ كثر‬kutr large quantity, abundance,
plenty; major portion, greater part
‫ اكتتام‬iktitām concealment, secretion,
secrecy, silence ‫ كثرة‬katra large quantity, great number,
multitude, abundance, copiousness,
‫ كاتم‬kātim: ‫ كاتم السر‬k. as-sirr (private) numerousness, frequency, multiplicity,
secretary plurality; majority, major portion (‫ مَن‬of) │
‫ مَكتوم‬maktūm hidden, concealed, kept, ‫ بكثرة‬plentifully, abundantly, a lot; ‫جمع الكثرة‬
preserved (secret); (eg.) constipated 814 jam‘ al-k. plural of multitude (gram.)
1
‫ كتن‬katina a (katan) to be dirty, soiled, smutty, ‫ كثير‬katīr pl. ‫ كثار‬kitār much, many,
blackened by soot II to smut, soil (‫ هـ‬s.th.) numerous, abundant, plentiful, copious;
frequent; a large portion, a great deal, a
‫ كتن‬katan dirt, smut, soot great many, a lot; ‫ الكثير‬the most part, most
2
‫ كتان‬kattān (kittān) flax; linen (‫ مَن‬of); ‫ كثيرا‬katīran very, much, to a large
extent; often, frequently │ ‫ كثيرا مَا‬katīran
‫ كتاني‬kattānī made of linen, linen (adj.)
mā often, frequently; ‫( بكثير‬after a
3
‫( كتينة‬It. catena) katīna (watch) chain comparative) far, by far; ‫ الكثيرون‬,‫الكثير مَن‬
‫ كث‬katta i a (‫ كثث‬katat, ‫ كثاثة‬katāta, ‫كثوثة‬ ‫ مَن‬the majority of, most of; plenty of, a
kutūta) to be thick or dense (esp. hair) great many, a lot of; ‫ كثير على‬too much for;
‫ الشيء الكثير‬most of it; ‫ هذا كثير‬that’s pretty
‫ كثث‬katat thickness, density strong! that’s laying it on thick! ‫في كثير مَن‬
‫ كث‬katt and ‫ كثيث‬katīt thick, dense, ‫ الوقات‬and ‫ في احيان كثيرة‬frequently, often
thick-grown, densely crowded ‫ كثيراء‬katīrā’2 tragacanth (Astragalus
‫ كثب‬katab nearness, proximity, vicinity │ ‫على‬ gummifer Lab.; bot.); gum obtained from
‫ كثب مَن‬and ‫ عن كثب مَن‬in the vicinity (or tragacanth
neighborhood) of, near; ‫ مَن )عن( كثب‬from ‫ اكثر‬aktar2 more; oftener, more
nearby, at a short distance frequently; more numerous; longer; most;
‫ كثيب‬katīb pl. ‫ اكثبة‬aktiba, ‫ كثب‬kutub, ‫كثبا‬ major portion, greater part, majority; ‫الكثر‬
‫ ن‬kutbān sandhill, dune ‫ ون‬the majority, most of them │ ‫اكثر فاكثر‬
more and more; ‫ على الكثر‬at most; latest; ‫اك‬
‫ كثر‬katara u (katr) to outnumber, exceed in ‫ ثر المَر‬aktara l-amr at best; ‫اكثر مَن ذلك‬
number (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) – katura u (‫كثرة‬ besides, moreover
katra) to be much, many or numerous; to
‫ اكثرية‬aktarīya majority ‫ كثوليكي‬katūlīkī pl. ‫ كثلكة‬katlaka
Catholic; a Catholic
‫ مَكثار‬miktār very talkative, garrulous
‫ الكثلكة‬al-katlaka Catholicism
‫ تكثير‬taktīr increase, augmentation,
multiplication. propagation, ample ‫ كثيراء‬katīrā’2 tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer
provision, abundant supply Lab.; bot.); gum obtained from tragacanth
‫ اكثار‬iktār increase, augmentation, ‫ كح‬kaḥḥa u to cough
multiplication, propagation, ample ‫ كحة‬kuḥḥa cough
provision, abundant supply; raising,
increase (esp. of the yield) 815 ‫ كحت‬kaḥata a and II (eg.) to scrape off, scratch
off (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ تكاثر‬takātur growth, increase;
multiplication, propagation, proliferation ‫ كحكح‬kaḥkaḥa to cough, cough slightly, hack
‫ مَكثر‬muktir rich, well-to-do ‫ كحكحة‬kaḥkaḥa short, dry cough
‫ مَتكاثر‬mutakātir numerous, extensive; ‫ كحل‬kaḥala u a (kaḥl) and II to rub, paint or
manifold, multifarious, multiple │ ‫مَتكاثر‬ smear (with kohl) (‫ هـ‬the eyes) V and VIII
‫ الرقاع‬m. ar-riqā‘ patched in numerous to color (the edges of) the eyelids with
places kohl │ (‫( مَا اكتحل غماضا )غمضا‬gamīḍan,
gimāḍan, gumḍan) to find no sleep
‫ كثف‬katufa u (‫ كثافة‬katāfa) to be thick or
dense; to thicken, be condensed, become ‫ كحل‬kuḥl pl. ‫ اكحال‬akḥāl antimony; kohl,
thicker or denser II to make thick or a preparation of pulverized antimony used
dense, thicken, compress, solidify, for darkening (the edges of) the eyelids;
concentrate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to inspissate, any preparation for coloring the eyelids
condense (‫ هـ‬s.th.); O (el.) to increase the ‫ كحل‬kaḥal black coloring (of the edges)
capacity V and VI to grow denser, become of the eyelids
concentrated; to thicken, become viscous;
to be condensed ‫ كحل‬kaḥil darkened with kohl, dyed
black (eyelids)
‫ كثيف‬katīf pl. ‫ كثاف‬kitāf thick; dense;
compact; heavy, coarse, crude; viscous, ‫ كحلي‬kuḥlī dark blue, navy blue
sirupy (e.g., sauce) ‫ كحلة‬kuḥla (eg.) pointing, filling or
‫ كثافة‬katāfa thickness; density; grouting of the joints (of a wall; masonry)
heaviness; solidity, firmness; ‫ اكحل‬akḥal2, f. ‫ كحلاء‬kaḥlā’2, pl. ‫ كحل‬kuḥl
compactness, fullness, intensity; black (eye); ‫ الكحل‬the medial arm vein
consistency, degree of density or
viscosity; O capacity (el.) │ ‫ كثافة السكان‬k. ‫ كحلاء‬kaḥlā’ (eg.) a variety of blueweed
as-sukkān density of population; O ‫كثافة‬ (Echium cericeum V.; bot.)
‫ الصوت‬k. aṣ-ṣaut sonority, sound intensity ‫ كحيل‬kaḥīl pl. ‫ كحائل‬kaḥā’il2 black, dyed
‫ تكثيف‬taktīf compression, concentration, black, darkened with kohl (eyelid); horse
solidification; condensation of noblest breed

‫ تكاثف‬takātuf concentration, ‫ كحول‬kuḥūl alcohol, spirit


consolidation; condensation ‫ كحولي‬kuḥūlī alcoholic, spirituous
‫ مَكثف‬mukattif pl. -āt capacitor, ‫ كحيلي‬kuḥailī and ‫ كحيلان‬kuḥailān horse
condenser │ ‫( مَكثف مَتغير‬mutagayyir) of noblest bread 816
variable capacitor (radio)
‫ كحال‬kiḥāl antimony powder, eye
‫ مَكثف‬mukattaf condensed powder
‫ مَتكاثف‬mutahātif massing, ‫ كحال‬kaḥḥāl eye doctor, oculist (old
concentrating, gathering, piling up; dense designation)
‫ كثلك‬II takatlaka to become (a) Catholic ‫ مَكحل‬mikḥal and ‫ مَكحال‬mikḥāl kohl
stick, pencil for darkening the eyelids
‫ مَكحلة‬mikḥala pl. ‫ مَكاحل‬makāḥil2 kohl ‫ كدرة‬kudra turbidity, muddiness,
container, kohl jar; solar quadrant; (syr.) cloudiness, roiledness, impurity; dingy
rifle, gun color, dinginess
‫ تكحيل‬takḥīl treatment of the eyes with ‫ كدرة‬kadara clod of dirt, filth
kohl ‫ كدر‬kadir and ‫ كدير‬kadīr turbid, muddy,
2
‫ كاحل‬kāḥil pl. ‫ كواحل‬kawāḥil anklebone roily, roiled; dull, flat, dingy, grimy
(color); worried, troubled, disturbed
‫ كخية‬kikya and ‫ كاخية‬kākiya pl. ‫ كواخ‬kawākin
butler, steward ‫ اكدر‬akdar2, f. ‫ كدراء‬kadrā’2, pl. ‫ كدر‬kudr
dingy, swarthy, dark-colored
‫ كد‬kadda u (kadd) to work hard, exert
o.s., toil, labor, slave; to fatigue, wear out, ‫ تكدير‬takdīr roiling, troubling, ruffling;
overwork, exhaust, weary, tire (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to offending, offense, affront, indignity
chase away, drive away (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII and X ‫ مَتكدر‬mutakaddir angry, sore, peeved (
to urge, drive, rush (‫ ه‬s.o.); to wear out, ‫ مَن‬at), annoyed. Irritated, offended (‫ مَن‬by)
overwork, exhaust, weary, tire (‫ ه‬s.o.)
2
‫ كادر‬look up alphabetically
‫ كد‬kadd trouble, pains, labor, toil, hard
work ‫ كدس‬kadasa i (kads) and II to pile up, heap up,
accumulate, amass (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cram
‫ كدود‬kadūd industrious, hard-working, together, press together, compress (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
diligent V to be heaped up, be piled up; to pile up,
‫ مَكدود‬makdūd worn out, exhausted, accumulate (intr.); to press together, get
overworked crammed up
‫ كدح‬kadaḥa a (kadḥ) to exert o.s., work hard, ‫ كدس‬kuds pl. ‫ اكداس‬akdās heap, pile;
toil, labor, slave (‫ في‬in or with s.th.) VIII stack (of grain, hay, etc.)
to earn a living (‫ لعياله‬li-‘iyālihī for one’s ‫ كداس‬kuddās pl. ‫ كداديس‬kadādīs2 heap,
family) pile; stack (of grain, hay, etc.)
‫ كدح‬kadḥ exertion, toil, labor, drudgery ‫ كداسة‬kudāsa heap, pile, stack
1
‫ كدر‬kadura u and kadira a (kadar, ‫كدارة‬ ‫ تكديس‬takdīs accumulation; stacking 817
kadāra, ‫ كدور‬kudūra, ‫ كدور‬kudūr, ‫كدرة‬
kudra) to be turbid, roily, muddy, roiled ‫ كدش‬kadaša i (kadš) to gain, earn
(liquid); -- kadira a (kadar, ‫ كدرة‬kudra) to ‫ كديش‬kadīš pl. ‫ كدش‬kudš cart horse, nag,
be muddy, cloudy, blackish, dingy, flat, jade
swarthy, grimy (color); (kadar, ‫كدورة‬
kudūra) to be dreary, unhappy (life); to be ‫ كدم‬kadama a i (kadm) to bite (with the front
angry (‫ على‬with s.o.) II to render turbid, to teeth); to bruise, contuse
roil, muddy (‫ هـ‬s.th.), trouble, disturb, ‫ كدم‬kadma pl. kadamāt bite; wound
spoil, ruffle (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬for s.o., e.g., caused by a bite; bruise, contusion
s.o.’s peace of mind); to grieve, worry,
trouble, vex, irritate, annoy, molest, ‫ كدى‬kadā i (kady) to give little, skimp, stint II
disturb, distress (‫ هـ‬s.o.) V to be turbid, to beg IV = I
roily, muddy, roiled, troubled; to be angry, ‫ كدية‬kudya begging, mendicity
be sore (‫ مَن‬at s.th.), feel offended, be
‫ كذا‬ka-dā see ‫ ك‬ka
annoyed, be displeased (‫ مَن‬by s.th.), be
peeved (‫ مَن‬at, about) VII to become ‫ كذب‬kadaba i (kidb, kadib, ‫ كذبة‬kadba, kidba)
turbid, muddy, dull, flat; to swoop down to lie; to deceive, delude, mislead; to tell (‫ه‬
(bird) or ‫ على‬s.o.) a lie, to lie (‫ ه‬or ‫ على‬to s.o.) II
to accuse of lying, call a liar (‫ ه‬s.o.),
‫ كدر‬kadar turbidity, muddiness,
disbelieve s.o., give the lie to s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to
cloudiness, opaqueness, roiledness; worry,
disprove, refute, disown, deny (‫ ب‬or ‫هـ‬
sorrow, grief, distress, vexation, irritation,
s.th.) │ ‫ مَا كذب ان فعل‬he did not hesitate to
annoyance
do so IV to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to lie; to call a
liar, prove a liar (‫ ه‬s.o.), give the lie (‫ ه‬to ‫ كرار‬look up alphabetically
s.o.) ‫ كرور‬kurūr return, comeback,
‫ كذب‬kidb, kadib and ‫ كذبة‬kadba, kidba recurrence; succession, sequence, order
lie; deceit, falsehood, untruth │ ‫كذبة ابريل‬ ‫ كرير‬karīr rattle in the throat
April fool’s joke
‫ كرارية‬kurrārīya pl. -āt (eg.) spool,
‫ كذوب‬kadūb liar bobbin, reel
‫ كذاب‬kaddāb liar, swindler; lying, ‫ مَكر‬makarr pl. -āt reel
untruthful; false, deceitful
‫ تكرير‬takrīr repetition, reiteration;
‫ اكذوبة‬ukdūba pl. ‫ اكاذيب‬akādīb2 lie classification, rectification, purification,
‫ اكذب‬akdab2 a greater liar, more refinement; refining │ ‫مَعمل تكرير السكر‬
mendacious, more untruthful, falser │ ‫اكذ‬ ma‘mal t. as-sukkar sugar refinery
‫( ب مَن مَسيلمة‬musailimata) a greater liar ‫ تكرار‬takrār repetition, reiteration; ‫تكرارا‬
than Musailima (proverbially of a liar) takrāran repeatedly, frequently, quite
‫ تكذيب‬takdīb denial often │ ‫( مَرارا وتكرارا‬mirāran) repeatedly,
time and again 818
‫ كاذب‬kādib liar; lying, untruthful; false,
deceptive, fallacious, delusive, specious, ‫ مَكرر‬mukarrar repeated, reiterated;
sham, make-believe │ ‫( امَل كاذب‬amal) following twice (number), bis (after a
fallacious hope; ‫( بلغ كاذب‬balāg) slander, number); a multiple; rectified, purified,
defamation (jur.) refined │ ‫( سكر مَكرر‬sukkar) refined sugar;
‫ مَكرر‬37 ‫ ص‬page 37b
‫ مَكذوب‬makdūb false, untrue, fabricated,
trumped up ‫ مَتكرر‬mutakarrir recurring, recurrent,
reiterated, reiterative; repeated, frequent
‫ كذلك‬see ‫ ك‬ka
1 ‫ كراج‬garāž pl. -āt garage (syr.)
‫ كرة‬see 2‫كرو‬
2 ‫ كرار‬karār pl. -āt pantry, storeroom; cellar
‫ كر‬karra u (karr, ‫ كرور‬kurūr, ‫ تكرار‬takrār) to
turn around and attack (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.); to ‫ كرافتة‬karāfatta neoktie, cravat
return, come back, recur; to withdraw, ‫ كراكوفيا‬karākōfiyā Cracow (city in S Poland)
retreat, fall back; to attack (‫ على‬s.o.), bear
down (‫ على‬upon); -- a (‫ كرير‬karīr) to rattle ‫( كرامَيل‬Fr. caramel) karamēl caramel candy
in the throat II to repeat, reiterate, do 1
‫ كرب‬karaba u (karb) to oppress, distress,
again, do repeatedly (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pose over grieve, worry, trouble, fill with concern (‫ه‬
and over again (‫ هـ‬a question, ‫ على‬to s.o.), s.o.); to overburden (‫ هـ‬a beast of burden)
ask (‫ على‬s.o.) repeatedly (‫ هـ‬a question); to IV to hurry, hasten, rush VII and VIII to
clarify, filter (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to rectify, purify (‫هـ‬ be worried, grieved, troubled, distressed,
s.th.); to refine (‫ هـ‬sugar, etc.) V to be anxious, apprehensive, feel concern, be
repeated, be reiterated, recur; to be afraid
rectified, be purified, be refined
‫ كرب‬karb pl. ‫ كروب‬kurūb worry, sorrow,
‫ كر‬karr attack, charge │ ‫( الكر والفر‬farr) care, grief; apprehension, concern,
attack and retreat (in battle); ‫بين كر وفر‬ anxiety, fear; distress, trouble; pain,
alternately, intermittently, by fits and torment, torture, agony
starts, by jerks; ‫ على كر الدهور‬and ‫على كر‬
‫( الزمَن‬k. az-zamn) in the course of time ‫ كربة‬kurba pl. ‫ كرب‬kurab worry, sorrow,
care, grief; apprehension. concern,
‫ كرة‬karra attack; return, comeback, anxiety, fear; distress, trouble; pain,
recurrence; -- (pl. -āt) one time (= ‫ ;)مَرة‬a torment, torture, agony
hundred thousand; karratan once;
sometimes, at times; at a time │ ‫كرة اخرى‬ ‫ مَكروب‬makrūb sad, worried, grieved,
karratan ukrā a second time, once more; sorrowful, distressed; apprehensive,
‫ كرة بعد كرة‬repeatedly, time and again anxious, alarmed, fearful, troubled,
scared, confused; see alphabetically
‫ مَكترب‬muktarib sad, worried, grieved, ‫ كرخانة‬karkāna pl. -āt, ‫ كراخين‬karākīn
sorrowful, distressed; apprehensive, workshop, factory; (eg.) brothel
anxious, alarmed, fearful, troubled, ‫ كرخانجي‬karkānjī artisan, craftsman
soared, confused
2 ‫ الكرد‬al-kurd the Kurds │ ‫ بلد الكرد‬Kurdistan
‫ كرب‬kreb crepe │ ‫ كرب ديشين‬k. dīšīn and ‫كرب‬
‫ شين‬k. šīn crepe de Chine ‫ كردي‬kurdī Kurdish; (pl. ‫ اكراد‬akrād)
3 Kurd │ ‫ جبل الكراد‬jabal al-a. the Kurdish
‫ كروب‬karūb and ‫ كروبي‬karūbī pl. -ūn, ‫كاروبيم‬ mountains, Kurdistan
kārūbīm cherub, archangel
2 ‫ كردان‬kirdān pl. ‫ كرادين‬karādīn2 necklace
‫ كرباج‬kurbāj, kirbāj pl. ‫ كرابيج‬karābīj whip,
lash, riding whip, kurbash ‫ كردس‬kardasa to heap up, pile up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
crowd together, cram together (‫هـ‬, s.o.,
‫ كرباس‬kirbās pl. ‫ كرابيس‬karābīs2 a white cotton s.th.) II takardasa to be heaped up, be
fabric piled up; to flock together, crowd together
‫ كربال‬kirbāl pl. ‫ كرابيل‬karābīl2 teasing bow (for ‫( كردون‬Fr. cordon) kordōn pl. -āt cordon;
combing or carding cotton); coarse sieve ribbon, braid, lace, trimming │ ‫كردون صحي‬
‫ كربلء‬karbalā’2 Karbala (holy city of the (ṣiḥḥī) sanitary cordon
Shiites in central Iraq) 1
‫ كرز‬karaza i (‫ كروز‬kurūz) to hide, seek refuge
‫( كربون‬Fr. carbon) karbōn coal │ ‫ورق كربون‬ (‫ الى‬with)
waraq k. carbon paper 2
‫ كرز‬karaza (karz) to preach, spread (‫بالنجيل‬
1
‫ كرات‬kurāt (eg.) = ‫كراث‬ bi-l-injīl the Gospel)
2
‫ اكرت‬akrat2 curly, kinky (hair) ‫ كرز‬karz and ‫ كرازة‬karāza sermon,
1 preaching of the Gospel │ ‫الكرازة المرقسية‬
‫ كرتن‬kartana to put under quarantine, to
(marqusīya) the missionary province of
quarantine (‫ على‬s.o.) II takartana to be put
St. Mark, the jurisdiction of the Coptic
under quarantine, be quarantined
Patriarchate
2
‫ كرتون‬kartūn pl. ‫ كراتين‬karātin2 cardboard,
‫ تكريز‬takrīz pl. ‫ تكاريز‬takārīz
pasteboard; carton
consecration, benediction (Chr.)
‫ كرث‬karata u i (kart) to oppress,
‫ كارز‬kāriz preacher
depress, distress, worry, trouble (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
3
concern, affect, move (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV do. VIII ‫ كرز‬karaz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬cherry
to care (‫ ل‬for), heed, bear in mind (‫ ل‬s.th.), ‫ كرزى‬karazī cherry-red
pay attention (‫ ل‬to), take an interest (‫ ل‬in)
1
‫ كرس‬II to lay the foundation (‫ هـ‬of a building)
‫ كريث‬karīt oppressed, depressed, V to stick together, cohere
distressed, anguished, worried, troubled,
vexed, annoyed ‫ كرسي‬kursī pl. ‫ كراسي‬karāsīy, ‫كراس‬
karāsin chair; throne, see; seat;
‫ كراث‬karrāt, kurrāt leek (Allium professorial chair; base, pedestal, socle;
parrum L.; bot.) bearing (techn.) │ ‫ كرسي بيل‬k. bīl and ‫كرسي‬
‫ اكتراث‬iktirāt attention, notice, concern, ‫( بلى‬billī) hall bearing; ‫ كرسي دائر‬revolving
interest │ ‫ قلة الَكتراث‬qillat al-ikt. stool, swivel chair; ‫( الكرسي الرسولي‬rasūlī)
indifference the Apostolic See; ‫ كرسي طويل‬chaise
longue; deck chair; ‫ كرسي الملك‬k. l-malik
‫ كارث‬kārit oppressive, grievous, painful
royal throne; ‫ كرسي المملكة‬k. l-mamlaka
‫ كارثة‬kārita pl. ‫ كوارث‬kawārit2 disaster, capital, metropolis; ‫( كرسي هزاز‬hazzāz)
catastrophe │ ‫ كارثة المَطار‬k. al-amṯār rocking chair; ‫ استاذ كرسي‬ustād k. full
natural catastrophe, torrential rains professor
‫ الكرج‬al-kurj the Georgians ‫ كراسة‬kurrāsa pl. -āt, karārīs2 quire;
‫ كرجي‬kurjī Georgian (adj and n.) 819 booklet; notebook, copy book;

‫ كرح‬kirḥ pl. ‫ اكراح‬akrāḥ monk’s cell


sketchbook; brochure; installment, ‫ كارع‬kāri’ pl. ‫ كوارع‬kawāri’ foot, trotter;
fascicle (of a book) ankle, anklebone; pl. (eg.) dish prepared
2 of sheep’s trotters
‫ كرس‬II to consecrate, dedicate, inaugurate,
open ceremonially (‫ هـ‬s.th.; Chr.); to ‫ كرفس‬karafs celery (Apium graveolens L.;
hallow, sanctify (‫ هـ‬e.g., principles); to bot.)
dedicate, devote (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to s.o.) 1
‫ كرك‬kurk (syr.) fur
‫ تكريس‬takrīs consecration, dedication, 2
‫ كركة‬karaka distilling apparatus, distilling
ceremonial inauguration (Chr.); devoting, flask, retort
dedication
3
‫ كركي‬kurkī pl. ‫ كراكي‬karākīy crane (zool.); (
‫ مَكرس‬mukarras consecrated; dedicated ‫( الكراكي )سمك‬samak) al-k. pike (zool.)
│ ‫ مَاء مَكرس‬holy water (Chr.)
4
‫ كراكة‬karrāka pl. -āt dredging machine,
‫ كرسوع‬kursū‘ pl. ‫ كراسيع‬karāsī‘2 carpal end of dredge; penitentiary
the ulna, carpal bone, wristbone
5
‫ كريك‬look up alphabetically
‫ كرسف‬karsafa to hamstring, hook (‫ هـ‬an
animal) ‫ كركب‬karkaba (eg.) to throw into disorder,
upset, confuse, disturb (III s.th.); to make
‫ كرسنة‬kirsinna, kirsanna variety of vetch (bot.) a noise
‫ كرش‬kariša a (karaš) to be wrinkled, ‫ كركبة‬karkaba disorder, confusion,
shriveled, crumpled, crinkled, puckered; muddle, jumble
to shrivel, form wrinkles, be drawn into
wrinkle II to wrinkls one’s face, knit one’s ‫ كركدن‬karkaddan, karkadann rhinoceros │
brows, frown V = I ‫( كركدن بحري‬baḥrī) narwhal (zool.)
‫ كرش‬kirš, kariš f., pl. ‫ اكراش‬akrāš, ‫كروش‬ ‫ كركر‬karkara to repeat, reiterate, do repeatedly
kurūš stomach (primarily of ruminants = (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to rumble (stomach); to tickle │
craw); paunch; belly ‫( كركر في الضحك‬ḍaḥk) to burst into loud
laughter, roar with laughter
‫ كرشة‬kirša (eg.) tripe, intestines
‫ كركرة‬karkara loud laughter; rumbling
‫( كريشة‬eg.) krēša a thin, crinkled fabric; (of the stomach)
crepe
‫ كركم‬kurkum (bot.) turmeric (Curcuma longa
‫ اكرش‬akraš2 and ‫ مَكرش‬mukriš L.; plant and rootstock); curoumin
potbellied, paunchy
‫ كركند‬karkand spinel ruby (gem); (eg.) lobster
‫ كرشوني‬karšūnī Karshuni, Arabic (zool.)
written in Syriac characters 820
‫ كركوز‬karakūz shadow play
‫ كريطة‬look up alphabetically; ‫ كرارطي‬,‫كرارط‬
ibid. ‫ كركون‬karakōn (eg.) police station
1
‫ كرع‬kara’a and kari’a a (kar’, ‫ كروع‬kurū’) to ‫ كرم‬karuma u (karam, ‫ كرمَة‬karama, ‫كرامَة‬
sip V to wash one’s feet, perform the karāma) to be noble, high-minded, noble-
partial ablution of the legs (in preparation hearted, magnanimous, generous, liberal,
for prayer); to belch, burp, eruct munificent; to be precious II to call noble
and high-minded (‫ ه‬s.o.); to honor, revere,
‫ كرعة‬kar’a (n. vic.) sipping, sip, venerate, treat with deference (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
swallow exalt (‫ على ه‬s.o. above another), bestow
‫ كراع‬kurā’ m. and f., pl. ‫ اكرع‬akru’, ‫اكارع‬ honor (‫ على ه‬upon s.o. before others) │ ‫كرم‬
akāri’2 foot, trotter (esp. of sheep or ‫( ا وجهه‬wajhahū) may God honor him I
oxen); leg; extremity │ ‫ اكارع الرض‬a. al- III to vie in generosity (‫ ه‬s.o.); to meet
arḍ the remotest areas of the earth reverentially, with deference, politely (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV to call noble and high-minded (‫ه‬
‫ تكريعة‬takrī’a belching, eructation
s.o.); to honor (‫ ه‬s.o.): to treat
reverentially, with deference, politely,
hospitably (‫ ه‬s.o.), bestow honors (‫ ه‬upon precious stone, gem; ‫حصان كريم‬
s.o.); to prove o.s. to he high-minded and thoroughbred horse; ‫( دخل كريم‬dakl) a
generous; to honor, present (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), decent income; ‫ القارئ الكريم‬the gentle
confer (‫ ب ه‬upon s.o. s.th.) V to feign reader; ‫ المعادن الكريمة‬the precious metals;
generosity; to show one’s generous side; ‫ مَرمَر الكرام‬see 1‫ مَر‬marra
to be noble; to be friendly, kind, kindly; to ‫ كريمة‬karīma pl. ‫ كرائم‬karā’im2 precious
be so kind, have the kindness (‫ ب‬to do thing, object of value, valuable; vital part
s.th., ‫ على‬with regard to or in behalf of (of the body; esp. eye); daughter; see also
s.o.); to present (‫ على ب‬s.o. with), alphabetically; ‫ الكريمتان‬the two eyes │ ‫كرائ‬
graciously bestow (‫ ب على‬upon s.o. s.th.) (‫ م المال )المَوال‬the most prized
‫ كرم‬karm (coll.) pl. ‫ كروم‬kurūm vine, possession(s)
grapes, grapevines; vineyard; garden, ‫ كرام‬karrām pl. -ūn winegrower,
orchard │ ‫ بنت الكرم‬bint al-k. wine vinedresser
‫ كرمَة‬karma grapevine, vine ‫ اكرم‬akram2 pl. ‫ اكارم‬akārim2 nobler
‫ كرم‬karam noble nature; high- more distinguished; more precious, more
mindedness, noble-mindedness, noble- valuable; moat honorable; very high-
heartedness, generosity, magnanimity; minded, very noble-hearted, most
kindness, friendliness, amicability; generous
liberality, munificence; ‫ كرمَا‬karaman moat ‫ مَكرم‬makram and ‫ مَكرم‬makrama pl. ‫مَكار‬
kindly, obligingly, out of kindness │ ‫كرم‬ ‫ م‬makārim2 noble trait, excellent quality │
‫ الخلق‬noble-mindedness, noble character; ‫ مَكارم الخلق‬noble characteristics, noble
‫ كرم الحتد‬k. al-maḥtid noble descent 821 traits of character
‫ كرمَة لك‬kurmatan laka and ‫كرمَانا لك‬ ‫ مَكرمَة‬makruma pl. ‫ مَكارم‬makārim2
kurmānan laka for your sake, as a favor to noble deed
you, in your honor
‫ تكريم‬takrīm and ‫ تكرمَة‬takrima honoring,
‫ كرامَة‬karāma nobility; high- tribute, honor (bestowed on s.o.) │ ‫تكريما له‬
mindedness, noble-heartedness; (takrīman) in his honor
generosity, magnanimity; liberality,
munificence; honor, dignity; respect, ‫ اكرام‬ikrām honor, respect, deference,
esteem, standing, prestige; mark of honor, tribute; hospitable reception, hospitality;
token of esteem, favor; (pl. -āt) miracle kindness; honorarium │ ‫( اكرامَا له‬ikrāman)
(worked by a saint) │ ‫حبا وكرامَة لك‬ in his honor
(ḥubban wa-karāmatan) for your sake and ‫ اكرامَية‬ikrāmīya pl. -āt honorarium;
in your honor; most gladly, with the bonus
greatest pleasure; ‫ صاحب كرامَات‬worker of
miracles ‫ مَكرم‬mukarram honored, revered,
venerated; venerable; ‫ المكرمَية‬epithet of
‫ كريم‬karīm pl. ‫ كرمَاء‬kuramā’2, kirām Mecca
noble; distinguished, high-ranking, 2
eminent; high-minded, noble-minded, ‫ كريم‬and ‫ كريمة‬look up alphabetically
noble-hearted; generous, liberal, ‫ كرمَش‬karmaša (eg.) to pucker, be drawn into
munificent, hospitable, beneficent; folds; to crinkle, become wrinkled, shrivel
benefactor; kind, kindly, friendly, II takarmaša do.
amicable, obliging, gracious; respectable,
honorable, decent; precious, valuable, ‫ كرمَش‬karmaša fold, crease, wrinkle,
costly; thoroughbred; see also crinkle, pucker; knitting
alphabetically; ‫ الكريمان‬the two noble 2
‫ الكرمَل‬:‫ كرمَل‬al-karmal Mount Carmel
things, namely Holy War and the (promontory in N Palestine)
pilgrimage to Mecca │ ‫ كريم الخلق‬high-
‫ كرمَلي‬karmalī Carmelite
minded, noble-minded, noble-hearted,
2
noble; ‫ كريم الصل‬k. al-aṣl of noble descent, ‫ كرمَلا‬karamillā caramel (candy)
highborn, highbred; ‫( حجر كريم‬ḥajar)
‫ كرامَيل‬look up alphabetically loathing; incompatibility (as a reason of
divorce); baseness, abominableness,
‫ الكرمَلين‬al-kremlīn the Kremlin
reprehensibility (Isl. Law) │ ‫على كراهية‬
‫ كرنب‬kurunb (coll.) cabbage unwillingly, grudgingly, forcedly
‫ كرنبة‬kurunba (n. un.) head of cabbage ‫ كريهة‬karīha pl. ‫ كرائه‬karā’ih2 adversity;
‫ كرنتينة‬kurantīna pl. -āt quarantine misfortune, calamity

‫ كرنيش‬look up alphabetically 822 ‫ مَكره‬makrah loathsome thing,


unpleasant situation
‫ كرناف‬kurnāf pl. ‫ كرانيف‬karānīf2 palm stump
‫ مَكرهة‬makraha, makruha hatred, hate,
‫ كرنافة‬kunāfa pl. -āt gunstock, rifle butt detestation, abhorrence
1
‫( كرنك‬Engl.) krank pl. -āt crank, crank shaft ‫ مَكاره‬makārih2 loathsome things;
2
‫ كرنك‬karnak a brand of Egyptian cotton adversities, calamities
(named after ‫الكرنن‬, a village near Luxor) ‫ اكراه‬ikrāh compulsion, coercion,
‫ كرنيش‬and ‫( كورنيش‬Fr. corniche) kornīš pl. ‫كراني‬ constraint, force; use of force │ ‫ بالكراه‬by
‫ ش‬karānīš2 cornice, ledge, molding, shelf; force
coast road, road skirting the shoreline ‫ اكراهي‬ikrāhī compulsory, coercive,
‫ كره‬kariha a (karh, kurh, ‫ كراهة‬karāha, ‫كراهية‬ forced, enforced
karāhiya) to feel disgust (‫ هـ‬at), be ‫ تكره‬takarruh aversion, antipathy,
disgusted (‫ هـ‬by); to detest, loathe, abhor, dislike, distaste, disgust, repugnance,
hate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to dislike (‫ هـ‬s.th.); karuha u loathing
(‫ كراهة‬karāha) to be repugnant, offensive,
hateful, odious, detestable II to make s.o. ( ‫ كاره‬kārih reluctant, grudging,
‫ على‬or ‫ )ه‬hate s.th. (‫)هـ‬, arouse aversion ( ‫هـ‬ unwilling, averse
‫ الى‬or ‫ هـ ه‬in s.o. to s.th.) IV to force, ‫ مَكروه‬makrūh detested, abhorred, hated,
compel, coerce (‫ على ه‬s.o. to) V to have an hateful, odious, loathsome, disgusting,
aversion (‫ هـ‬to), feel disgust (‫ هـ‬for), distasteful, disagreeable, unpleasant;
loathe, detest (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to have an reprehensible (Isl. Law); ‫ مَكروه‬and ‫مَكروهة‬
aversion (‫ هـ‬to), feel disgust (‫ هـ‬for), makrūha inconvenience, discomfort,
loathe, detest (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to force, compel, nuisance, adversity; accident, mishap,
coerce (‫ على ه‬s.o. to) misadventure
‫ كره‬karh, kurh hatred, hate; aversion, ‫ مَكره‬mukrah forced, compelled
antipathy, dislike, distaste; detestation,
‫ مَتكره‬mutakarrih unwilling, reluctant
abhorrence, disgust, repugnance, loathing;
2
‫ كرها‬karhan, kurhan and ‫‘ على كره‬ala ‫ )كرو‬and ‫ كري( كرا‬karā u (karw) and ‫ كرى‬karā
kurhin, ‫ على كره مَنه‬unwillingly, reluctantly, i (kary) to dig (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
grudgingly, forcedly; under compulsion, ‫ كرو‬karw digging, excavation
under duress
2
‫ كرة‬kura pl. -āt, ‫ كرى‬kuran globe, sphere; ball
‫ كره‬karih loathsome, repugnant, │ ‫ كرة الرض‬k. al-a. and ‫( كرة ارضية‬arḍīya)
offensive terrestrial globe, globe; ‫ كرة الثلج‬k. at-talji
‫ كريه‬karīh unpleasant, disagreeable, snowball; ‫ كرة السلة‬k. as-salla basketball;
offensive, bad, repugnant, repulsive, ‫ كرة الطاولة‬k. al-ṭāwula table tennis; ‫كرة القدم‬
loathsome, hateful, detestable, k. al-qadam football, soccer; 823 ‫كرة‬
abominable, ugly ‫ الكواكب‬celestial sphere; ‫ كرات لحم‬k. laḥm
small meatballs; ‫ كرة الماء‬water polo; ‫كرة اليد‬
‫ كراهة‬karāha hatred, hate; aversion,
k. al-yad (European) handball; ‫نصف الكرة‬
antipathy, dislike, distaste; abhorrence,
niṣf al-k. hemisphere
detestation, disgust, repugnance, loathing
‫ كرية‬kurayya globule; pellet │ ‫الكريات‬
‫ كراهية‬karāhiya aversion, antipathy,
(‫( الحمراء )الحمر‬ḥamrā’, ḥumr) the red
dislike, distaste, disgust, repugnance,
corpuscles, erythrocytes
‫ كري‬kuriy and ‫ كروي‬kurawī globular, ‫( كريطة‬Span. carreta) karrīṭa pl. ‫ كراريط‬karārīṭ2
globate, globose, ball-shaped, ball-like, (tun.) cart, wagon, dray
spherical ‫ كرارطي‬karariṭī carrier, carter, drayman
‫ كروية‬kurawīya globosity, sphericity, ‫( كريك‬Turk. körek) kurīk pl. -āt shovel
roundness │ ‫ كروية الرض‬k. al-arḍ the
sphericity of the earth ‫( كري‬Fr. crème) krēm cream │ ‫كريم‬
‫ الحلقة‬k. al-ḥilāqa shaving cream
‫ كرواتيا‬kuruwātiyā Croatia
‫( كريمة‬It. crema; eg.) kréma cream; a kind of
‫ كروان‬karawān and ‫ كيروان‬a variety of plover thick sauce (served as a condiment)
(Charadrius cedicnemus L.; zool.)
‫ كز‬kazza (1st pers. perf. kazuztu) u (‫كزازة‬
‫ كروب‬karūb and ‫ كروبي‬karūbī pl. -ūn, ‫كروبيم‬ kazāza, ‫ كزوزة‬kuzūza) to become dry and
karūbīm cherub, archangel tough, dry up, shrivel; to be withered,
‫( كروسة‬It. carozza) karōsa pl. -āt state carriage, shriveled, shrunk; to contract, shrink; (eg.)
coach to have an aversion (‫ مَن‬to), feel disgust (
‫ مَن‬at), have a distaste (‫ مَن‬for); -- (kazz) to
‫( كروكي‬Fr. croquis) krōkī pl. ‫ كروكيات‬krōkīyāt
contract, shrink, narrow (‫ هـ‬s.th.); pass.
sketch, draft, croquis
kuzza to have tetanus │ ‫( كز على اسنانه‬eg.)
‫ كروم‬krōm chrome, chromium to gnash one’s teeth
‫ كرويا‬karawyā caraway (Carum carvi L.; bot.) ‫ كز‬kazz pl. ‫ كز‬kuzz dry, dried up,
1
‫ كري‬kariya a (karan) to sleep, be asleep, withered, desiccated; shriveled, shrunk;
slumber; -- karā i (kary) to dig (‫ هـ‬e.g., a tough, inflexible, unyielding, rigid, stiff │
canal) III and IV to rent, lease, let, let out, ‫كز اليدين‬k. al-yadain closefisted, miserly,
farm out, hire out (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) V to niggardly 824
sleep, be asleep, slumber VIII and X to ‫ كزز‬kazaz miserliness, niggardliness
rent, hire (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to lease, take on lease (
‫ كزاز‬kuzāz, kuzzāz tetanus
‫ هـ‬s.th.), take a lease (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to hire,
employ, engage (‫ ه‬s.o.), engage the labor ‫ كزازة‬kazāza dryness; boringness,
or services (‫ ه‬of s.o.) dullness, tediousness; stinginess,
niggardliness; stiffness, rigidity
‫ كرى‬karan sleep, slumber
‫ كزبرة‬kuzbara, kuzbura coriander (Coriandrum
‫ كراء‬kirā’ rent, hire, hiring; lease; rental,
sativum L.; bot.) │ ‫ كزبرة الثعلب‬k. at-ta‘lab
hire; wages, pay
pimpernel; ‫( كزبرة خضراء‬kaḍrā’) chervil;
‫ اكراء‬ikrā’ renting, rent; leasing, letting ‫ كزبرة الصخر‬k. aṣ-ṣakr hair-cap moss
on lease, farming out (Polytrichum communis L.; bot.)
‫ اكتراء‬iktirā’ renting, rent; leasing, ‫( كزورنة‬eg.) kazarāna (from It. casseruola)
taking on lease; hiring casserole, cooking vessel
‫ مَكار‬mukārin pl. -ūn hirer (esp. one of ‫ كسب‬kasaba i (kasb) to gain, win, acquire (‫هـ‬
horses, donkeys, mules, etc.); donkey s.th.); to earn (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to profit, win, gain;
driver, muleteer to gather, acquire (‫ هـ‬knowledge); to
‫ مَكر‬mukrin hirer, lessor; landlord obtain, get, attain (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫كسب هتافا ل‬
(hutafan) win acclaim for, he applauded
‫ مَكرى‬mukran rented, let, hired out, let for; ‫( مَا كسبت يداه‬yadāhu) what he has
on lease earned in the hereafter by his (good and
‫ مَكتر‬muktarin and ‫ مَستكر‬mustakrin evil) deeds II to make or let s.o. (‫ )هـ‬gain,
renter, tenant, lessee │ ‫( مَكتر ثان‬tānin) win or obtain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to let s.o. (‫ )ه‬share
subtenant, sublessee the profit IV to make or let s.o. (‫ )ه‬gain,
2
win or obtain (‫ هـ‬s.th.), secure (‫ هـ ه‬for s.o.
‫ كرية‬,‫ كرى‬see 1 ‫كرو‬ s.th.); to impart (‫ هـ هـ‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o. or to s.th.
3
‫كرى‬karrī curry s.th., also e.g., to the face a certain
expression) │ ‫( اكسب مَناعة ضد‬manā‘atan
‫ كريت‬kirīt, ‫ كريد‬kirīd Crete
ḍidda) to make immune to ... V to earn (‫هـ‬ ‫ كساح‬kusāḥ rachitis, rickets
s.th.); to acquire, obtain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to gain, ‫ كساحة‬kusāḥa sweepings; refuse,
win (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII do.; to possess have, garbage, rubbish, trash
own (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to take on (‫ هـ‬a new quality,
a color, a different aspect, and the like) ‫ كسيح‬kasīḥ lame, palsied, paralyzed;
crippled
‫ كسب‬kasb acquisition; earnings; gain,
profit; winnings; s.th. acquired or gained, ‫ اكسح‬aksaḥ lame, palsied, paralyzed;
acquirement; acquired knowledge, crippled 825
learning ‫ مَكسحة‬miksaḥa broom
‫ كسب‬kusb and ‫ كسب‬kusba oil cake ‫ اكتساح‬iktisāḥ a sweeping away, sweep;
‫ مَكسب‬maksab, maksib and ‫مَكسبة‬ removal, elimination; flooding,
maksiba pl. ‫ مَكاسب‬makāsib2 gain, profit overflowing, submersion, inundation;
rape, seizure, usurpation
‫ تكسب‬takassub earning, gaining;
acquisition; earnings; gain, profit ‫ كاسحة‬kāsiḥa: ‫ كاسحة اللغام‬k. al-algām
mine sweeper
‫ اكتساب‬iktisāb acquisition; gaining,
winning │ ‫( اكتساب بمرور الزمَان‬bi-murūr z- ‫ مَكسح‬mukassaḥ crippled; cripple; lame
zamān) prescription, usucapion, person, paralytic
acquisition of property or rights by ‫ كسد‬kasada and kasuda u (‫ كساد‬kasād, ‫كسود‬
uninterrupted possession of them for a kasūd) to find no market, not to move, sell
certain period (jur.) badly (merchandise); to be stagnant, dull,
‫ كاسب‬kāsib winner; earner, provider listless (business, market) IV to be dull,
listless (market)
‫ مَكسب‬muksib profitable, lucrative
‫ كساد‬kasād unsalableness of
‫ كسبرة‬kasbara coriander (bot.; = ‫ كزبرة‬, q.v.) merchandise; economic depression,
‫ كستاك‬kustāk see ‫كستك‬ dullness of the market, stagnation of
commerce, recession; slump
‫ كستبان‬kustubān pl. ‫ كساتبين‬kasātibīn2 thimble
O ‫ مَكاسدة‬mukāsada dumping
‫( كسكت‬Turk. köstek) kustak and ‫ كستيك‬pl. ‫كساتك‬
kasātik watch chain ‫ كاسد‬kāsid and ‫ كسيد‬kasīd selling badly,
little in demand (merchandise); stagnant,
‫( كستلية‬It. sastoletta) kustulēta, kustalēta cutlet,
dull, listless (market)
chop
1
‫ كسر‬kasara i (kasr) to break, shatter, fracture (
‫ كستنة‬kastana chestnut (bot.)
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to break open, force open, pry
‫ كستنائي‬kastanā’ī maroon, chestnut- open (‫ هـ‬a door, and the like); to break
colored (also fig.: power, resistance); to violate,
‫ كسح‬kasaḥa a (kasḥ) to sweep; to clean, clean infringe (‫ هـ‬a legal duty); to destroy,
out, empty; -- kasiḥa a (kaṣaḥ) to be annihilate, rout (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to defeat (‫ هـ‬an
crippled; to become a cripple II (eg.) to army); to fold (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to provide with
cripple (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bend, twist, warp (o the vowel, (‫ هـ‬a consonant; gram.) │ ‫كسر‬
s.th.) VIII to sweep away (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ خاطره‬to disappoint, disoblige, offend,
wash away, flush out, remove (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to afront s.o.; ‫ كسرت‬kusirat ir-rīḥu the wind
overrun (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to flood, overflow (‫هـ‬ has calmed down; ‫( كسر الصمت‬ṣamt) to
s.th.), spread, fan out (‫ هـ‬over s.th.); to break the silence; ‫‘( كسر العطش‬aṭaš) to
plunder, pillage, sack (‫ هـ‬a captured town); quench the thirst; ‫( كسره عن مَراده‬murādihī)
to snatch up, seize (‫ هـ‬s.th.), take hold (‫هـ‬ to dissuade or hinder s.o. from carrying
of) out his intention; ‫‘( كسر عينه‬ainahū) (eg.)
to shame s.o., put s.o. to shame; ‫كسر قلبه‬
‫ كسح‬kasḥ sweeping; cleaning; clearing; (qalbahū) to break s.o.’s heart; to
emptying (e.g., of a latrine); lameness, discourage s.o.; ‫( كسر مَن حدته‬ḥiddatihi) to
paralysis, palsy blunt the edge of s.th., tone down s.th.,
curb, temper s.th. or s.o. II to break into dejection; contrition; refraction,
pieces, fragmentize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to shatter, diffraction (phys.) │ ‫ انكسار القلب‬ink. al-
smash (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be broken to pieces, qalb dejectedness, despondency, contrition
be shattered, be fragmentized; to break, be ‫ كاسر‬kāsir breaking, shattering, etc.; (pl.
refracted, be diffracted (also light, rays, ‫ كواسر‬kawāsir2) rapacious, ferocious,
phys.); to be refined, civilized VII to get savage (predatory animal) │ ‫ كاسر الحجر‬k.
broken; to be defeated, be routed, be al-ḥajar saxifrage, stonebreak (bot.); ‫طير‬
broken (force, violence); to break; to be ‫( كاسر‬ṭair) bird of prey; ‫ كواسر الطير‬k. aṭ-
refracted, be diffracted; to abate, subside ṭair predatory birds
(e.g., heat), be quenched (thirst) │ ‫انكسرت‬
‫( ساقه‬sāquhū) he broke his leg ‫ مَكسور‬maksūr broken, fractured;
shattered, fragmented; defeated;
‫ كسر‬kasr breaking, fracturing; unsuccessful, thwarted, frustrated;
shattering, fragmentation; -- (pl. ‫كسور‬ bankrupt; having a kasra (consonant;
kusūr) break, breach, fracture; crack, gram.)
rupture; fracture of a bone; (pl. ‫ كسر‬kusūr,
‫ )كسورات‬fraction (arith.) │ ‫كسر عشري‬ ‫ مَكسر‬mukassar fragmented, shattered,
(‫‘( )اعشاري‬ušrī, a‘šārī) decimal fraction; ‫وك‬ smashed; broken (also, e.g., language); ‫مَك‬
‫ سور‬wa-kusūr (after figures) ... and some, ‫ سرات‬almonds and nuts │ ‫( جمع مَكسر‬jam‘)
a little over ..., e.g., ‫ جنيه وكسور‬one pound broken plural (gram.)
and some, a little over a pound 2
‫ اكسير‬iksīr elixir
‫ كسر‬kasr, kisr: ‫ كسر البيت‬k. al-bait nook ‫ كسرونة‬kasarōna (eg.) see ‫كزرونة‬
of the house; ‫ جثم في كسر بيته‬to live in
seclusion, stay in one’s four walls ‫ كسرى‬kisrā pl. ‫ اكاسرة‬akāsira, ‫ اكاسر‬akāsir2
Khosrau; designation of the Persian kings
‫ كسرة‬kasra defeat, breakdown, collapse; in general
the vowel point for i; nook of the house
‫ كسع‬kasa‘a a to chase away (‫ ه‬s.o.); to strike,
‫ كسرة‬kisra pl. ‫ كسر‬kisar, -āt fragment; a shove, push, kick (‫ ه‬s.o. from behind) VIII
small piece; chunk (of bread); slice (of to put its tail (‫ )ب‬between its legs
bread)
‫ كسف‬kasafa i (‫ كسوف‬kusūf) to be or become
‫ كسير‬kasīr pl. ‫ كسرى‬kasrā, ‫ كسارى‬kasārā dark, gloomy; to be eclipsed, pass through
broken, fractured, shattered; defeated; see an eclipse (sun); -- to reprimand, reprove (
also ‫ كسرى‬alphabetically ‫ ه‬s.o.); to abash, shame, put to shame (‫ه‬
O ‫ كسارة‬kassāra nutcracker s.o.) VII to be eclipsed; to be shamed, be
ashamed; to blush
‫ كسيرة‬kusaira diopter (phys.)
‫ كسف‬kasf darkening, occultation,
‫ كسر‬maksir: ‫ صلب المكسر‬ṣulb al-m. hard eclipse; dark, darkness, gloominess
to break, robust, sturdy, hardy, firm,
strong; ‫ طيب المكسر‬ṭayyib al-m. standing 1 ‫كسوف‬cuaUf occultation, eclipse, solar
the test, proving its value, of excellent eclipse
quality; ‫ لين المكاسر‬layyin al-makāsir soft, ‫ انكساف‬inkisāf occultation, eclipse, solar
gentle eclipse
‫ تكسير‬taksīr breaking, fracturing; ‫ كاسف‬kāsif dejected, downcast, sad,
shattering, fragmentation │ ‫جمع التكسير‬ worried, grieved; gloomy
jam‘ at-t. broken plural (gram.) 826
‫ كسكس‬kaskasa to pound, bray, grind, powder,
‫ تكاسر‬takassur a being broken, pulverize; (eg.) to retreat, fall back,
breaking; refraction, diffraction (opt.) │ ‫تك‬ withdraw
‫ سر الشعة‬t. al-aši‘‘a refraction of rays
‫ كسكسو‬kuskusū and ‫ كسكسي‬kuskusī
‫ انكسار‬inkisār (state or process of) being couscous, dish prepared of groats and salt
broken, brokenness, breaking; fracture; water (staple food in northwest Africa)
breach, rupture; fragility; defeat, rout;
brokenness in spirit, broken-heartedness,
‫ كسكاس‬kuskās, kaskās sieve for (‫ سوة )الشريفة‬the kiswa, the covering of the
preparing couscous Kaaba (black, brocaded carpet covering
the walls of the Kaaba, made annually in
‫ كسل‬kasila a (kasal) to be lazy, idle, sluggish,
Egypt and transported with the pilgrimage
indolent, negligent; to idle, loaf II to make
caravan to Mecca); ‫ كسوة التشريفة‬full-dress
lazy or negligent (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI = I
uniform, gala uniform
‫ كسل‬kasal laziness, sluggishness,
‫ كساء‬kisā’ pl. ‫ اكسية‬aksiya garment;
idleness, inactivity, loafing, indolence,
dress
negligence
‫ تكسية‬taksiya clothing, dressing; draping,
‫ كسل‬kasil and ‫ كسول‬kasūl lazy, idle
lining, casing, facing, paneling,
‫ كسلان‬kaslān f. ‫ كسلى‬,‫ ة‬kaslā, pl. ‫كسالى‬ wainscoting (e.g., of walls); course of
kasālā, kusālā, ‫ كسلى‬kaslā lazy, sluggish, stones (of a macadam road)
slothful, indolent, idle, inactive
‫ كش‬kašša i to recoil (‫ مَن‬from)
‫ مَكسال‬miksāl lazybones, sluggard, idler,
‫ كشة‬kušša lock of hair
loafer
‫ كشتبان‬kuštubān, kuštibān pl. ‫ كشاتبين‬kašātibīn2
‫ تكاسل‬takāsul laziness, sluggishness,
thimble
indolence
‫ مَتكاسل‬mutakāsil lazy, sluggish, slothful, ‫ كشح‬kašaḥa a (kašḥ): ‫( كشح له بالعداوة‬bi-
l-‘adāwa) to harbor enmity toward s.o.,
indolent
hate s.o.; -- to disperse, scatter, break up (‫ه‬
‫ كسم‬kasama i (kasm) to make living (‫على عياله‬ a crowd), send away, dismiss, drive away,
‘alā ‘iyālihī for one’s family) II to give chase away (‫ ه‬s.o.) III ‫( كاشحة في العداوة‬bi-
form (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), shape, fashion (‫ هـ‬s.th.) l-‘adāwa) to harbor enmity toward s.o.,
‫ كسم‬kasm cut, style (of a dress); hate s.o. VII to be dispersed, be scattered;
clothing, clothes, costume, fashion; form, to disperse, scatter, break up; to be
shape; manner, mode dispelled

‫ كسيم‬kasīm duty, rate, tax 827 ‫ كشح‬kašḥ pl. ‫ كشوح‬kušūḥ region of the
hip, haunch, flank, side, waist; Venus’s-
‫ تكسيم‬taksīm forming, shaping, shell, cowrie │ ‫( طوى كشح على‬ṭawā
fashioning, molding; O milling kašḥahū) to keep s.th. to o.s., keep s.th.
‫ مَكسم‬mukassam well-shaped, shapely secret; ‫ طوى كشحه )كشحا( عن‬to turn from
s.o., break with s.o.; ‫( ولَه كشحه‬wallāhu) to
‫ )كسو‬and ‫ كسي( كسا‬kasā u (kasw) to turn one’s back on s.o.
clothe, dress, garb, attire (‫ هـ‬s.o. with or
in); to hang, drape, face, line, case (‫ ب‬or ‫هـ‬ ‫ كشاحة‬kušāḥa secret enmity, rancor,
‫ هـ‬s.th. with), incase (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. in); to grudge, resentment, hate
cover (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. with), put, slip (‫ ب‬or ‫ كاشح‬kāšiḥ secret enemy
‫ هـ هـ‬over s.th. s.th.) │ ‫كساه صبغة كذا‬
(ṣibgata) to give s.th. the appearance of ..., ‫ كشر‬kašara i (kašr) and II to bare one’s teeth;
make s.th. look like ...; -- ‫ كسي‬kasiya a (‫كسا‬ to grimace; to grin, smile (‫ الى‬at s.o.); to
kasā) to be or get dressed; to dress IV to scowl, glower, bear a grim expression │
clothe, dress, garb, attire (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. with or ‫ كشر عن اسنانه‬to bare or show one’s teeth;
in) V to be dressed, be clothed, be garbed; (‫ كشر عن نابه )انيابه‬do.
to clothe o.s., array o.s., attire o.s. (‫ ب‬with ‫ كشرة‬kišra grimace
or in); to cover o.s. VIII do.; to burst into
‫ تكشيرة‬takšīra (n. vic.) flash of the teeth
leaf (tree)
‫ هو جاري مَكاشري‬huwa jārī mukāširī he is
‫ كسوة‬kiswa pl. ‫ كسى‬kusan, kisan, ‫كساو‬
my nearest neighbor
kasāwin clothing, clothes, apparel, attire,
raiment; dress, garment; suit of clothes; ‫ انكشاري‬look up alphabetically
uniform; draping, lining, casing, facing, ‫ كشط‬kašaṭa i (kašṭ) to take off (‫ هـ‬a wrapping, a
paneling, wainscoting (e.g., of walls) │ ‫الك‬ covering); to pull off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to erase (‫هـ‬
s.th. written); to remove (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to enumeration; table, schedule, chart; list,
scratch off, scrape off (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬e.g., with roster, index, register, inventory; pl. ‫كشوف‬
a knife so as to clean it) discoveries │ ‫ كشف طبي‬ṭibbī) medical
examination; ‫ كشف الَقتراع‬muster roll; ‫كشف‬
‫ مَكشط‬mikšaṭ erasing knife
‫ الحساب‬bill, invoice
‫ كشب‬kašafa i (kašf) to pull away,
‫ كشفي‬kašfī of or pertaining to boy scouts
remove, take off, throw open, lift, raise (‫هـ‬
│ ‫( حركة كشفية‬ḥaraka) boy scout
a covering, a curtain, a veil, etc., ‫عن‬
movement
from); to reveal, disclose, uncover,
expose, bare (‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.); to clear up (‫هـ‬ ‫ كشاف‬kaššāf pl. ‫ كشافة‬kaššāfa discoverer,
or ‫ عن‬s.th.), shed light (‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬on); to inventor; explorer, reconnoiterer, scout;
show, demonstrate (‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.); to open boy scout │ O ‫( كشاف كهربائي‬kahrabā’ī)
up, lay open, lay bare (‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.); to searchlight; ‫( مَصباح كشاف‬miṣbāḥ) and ‫نور‬
bring to light (‫ هـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.); to study, ‫( كشاف‬nūr) pl. ‫ انوار كشافة‬do.
scrutinize, 828 investigate, examine (‫عن‬ ‫ كشافة‬kaššāfa exploration;
s.th.); to examine medically (‫ على‬s.o.) │ reconnaissance, reconnoitering, scouting
‫ كشف القناع عن‬to unveil, unmask s.o. or (mil.); boy scout movement, scouting
s.th.; ‫( كشف عليه طبيا‬ṭibbīyan) to examine
s.o. medically ; ‫كشفت الحرب عن ساقها‬ ‫ كشافي‬kišāfī of boy scouts, boy scout
(ḥarbu) the war was or become violent, (adj.)
flared up; war broke out III to discuss, ‫ كشيف‬kašīf uncovered, open, exposed
reveal, manifest, demonstrate, show (‫ب ه‬
to s.o. s.th.), evince ( toward s.o. s.th.); to ‫ اكتشاف‬iktišāf uncovering, disclosure,
make known (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), detection, spotting, location; (pl. -āt)
inform (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ ه‬s.o. of) │ ‫( كاشفه بالعداوة‬bi- (scientific) discovery
l-‘adāwa) to manifest open hostility ‫ استكشاف‬istikšāf uncovering,
toward s.o. V to be uncovered, be clarification, elucidation; discovery; close
exposed, be laid open, be bared, be observation; reconnaissance,
disclosed, be revealed, be brought to light; reconnoitering, scouting (mil.) │ ‫طائرة‬
to come to light, become visible, manifest ‫ الَستكشاف‬reconnaissance plane; ‫الَستكشاف‬
itself, show; to open, be opened up ( ‫عن‬ ‫( البعيد المدى‬madā) long-range
‫ شيء‬so as to reveal s.th.) │ َ‫تكشف المَر عن ل‬ reconnaissance
‫( شيء‬amru) the matter turned out to be of
no consequence; ‫تكشف عن مَنتهى العجز‬ ‫ استكشافي‬istikšāfī explorational,
(muntahā l-‘ajz) to show o.s. utterly exploratory, of discovery, reconnaissance-,
helpless VII to be removed, be lifted, be scout- (in compounds)
raised (veil); to be uncovered, be ‫ كاشف‬kāšif pl. ‫ كشفة‬kašafa uncovering,
disclosed, be revealed, become manifest ( revealing, etc.; serving exploratory
‫ ل‬to s.o.) VIII to discover (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp. purposes, instrumental in reconnaissance,
scientifically); to find out, detect, uncover conducive to discovery, detection or
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to seek to discover (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to disclosure; examiner, investigator,
explore (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to investigate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), discoverer; supervisor, inspector; (Eg.)
search, inquire (‫ هـ‬into s.th.); to scout, head of a muqāṭa‘a, district chief
reconnoiter (mil.); to discover (‫ هـ‬s.th., (obsolete); detector (radio); ‫ كاشف‬and ‫كاشفة‬
scientifically); to detect, spot, seek out, reagent (chem.) │ ‫( ضوء كاشف‬ḍau’) pl.
search out, find out (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ اضواء كاشفة‬and ‫( نور كاشف‬nūr) pl. ‫انوار كاشفة‬
‫ كشف‬kašf uncovering, disclosure; search-light; O ‫( زورق كاشف اللغام‬zauraq)
baring, exposure, unveiling; revelation, mine-locating craft, mine sweeper; ‫كاشف‬
illumination (mys.); investigation, inquiry, ‫( بلوري‬ballūrī, billaurī) crystal detector
search, quest, study; examination, (radio); ‫ كاشف المحيط‬k. al-muḥīṭ periscope;
scrutiny; inspection; boy scout movement; ‫( بان بالكاشف‬bāna) to manifest itself clearly
-- (pl. ‫ كشوف‬kušūf, ‫ كشوفات‬kušūfāt) report, and unmistakably 829
account; statement, specification,
‫ مَكشوف‬maksūf bared, exposed, stomach)VIII to be crammed full, be jam-
uncovered, open, roofless, coverless, packed, be overcrowded (‫ ب‬with, esp.
unveiled, naked, bare; (mil.) open, with people); to sate o.s. eat one’s fill; to
undefended, devoid of military be overstuffed, be surfeited, be cloyed (‫ب‬
installations or fortifications; uncovered with); to be abundant, copious, plentiful
(com.) │ ‫ مَكشوف الرأس‬m. ar-ra’s, ‫ كظة‬kiẓẓa gorging, cloying, overstuffing
bareheaded, hatless; ‫ بالمكشوف‬or ‫على‬ (of the stomach); surfeit
‫ المكشوف‬openly, publicly, overtly, for
everyone to see ‫ كظيظ‬kaẓīẓ overfilled, overstuffed,
cloyed, surfeited
‫ مَكتشف‬muktašif discoverer, explorer
‫ مَكتظ‬muktaẓ overcrowded (‫ ب‬with, esp.
‫ مَكتشفات‬muktašafāt (scientific) with people), crammed full, jam-packed (
discoveries ‫ ب‬with), chock-full (‫ ب‬of)
1
‫ كشك‬kušk pl. ‫ اكشاك‬akšāk kiosk; summer- ‫ كظر‬kuẓr suet
house, pavilion, cabin, log cabin; hut,
shed, shanty; (telephone) booth; stall, ‫ كظم‬kaẓama i (kaẓm, ‫ كظوم‬kuẓūm) to conceal or
stand, booth (at a fair, etc.) │ ‫كشك الَستحمام‬ suppress (‫ هـ‬one’s anger); to be mum, keep
bathhouse; beach chair; ‫ كشك الَشارات‬k. al- silent
ilšārāt block station, signal box (railroad); ‫ كظيم‬kaẓīm filled with anger
‫ كشك الديدبان‬k. ad-daidabān sentry box; O
‫( كشك مَحول‬muḥawwil) transformer house ‫ كعب‬ka‘aba u i (‫ كعوب‬ku‘ūb) to be full and
2
round, be swelling (breasts) II to make
‫ كشك‬kišk a dough made of bulgur and sour cubic, to cube (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to dice (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
milk, cut into small pieces, dried and need
for the preparation of other dishes (so in ‫ كعب‬ka‘b pl. ‫ كعاب‬ki‘āb, ‫ كعوب‬ku‘ūb
Egypt; there are several other ways of knot, knob, node (of cane); joint,
preparing it) │ (eg.) ‫ كشك الماز‬kišk almāz articulation; ankle, anklebone; heel (of the
asparagus fact, of a shoe); ferrule; die; cube; high
rank, fame, glory, honor │ ‫( كعب الكتاب‬pl.
‫ كشكش‬kaškaša to rustle; to flee, run away; (eg.) ‫ )كعوب‬spine of a book; ‫ ارقى كعبا‬arqā
to pleat ka‘ban abler, more capable, more
‫ كشكش‬kaškaš pl. ‫ كشاكش‬kašākiš2 seam; qualified, more efficient; ‫رجل عالي الكعب‬
hem, edge, border rajul ‘ālī l-k. a distinguished, capable,
successful man; ‫‘ علو الكعب‬ulūw al-k. high
‫ رواية كشكشية‬riwāya kaškašīya rank, outstanding position; ‫ ذهب كعبهم‬their
burlesque, popular comedy days of glory are past 830
‫ كشكول‬kaškūl beggar’s bag; scrapbook; album ‫ كعب‬ku‘b breasts, bosom
‫ كشمش‬kišmiš a kind of currants ‫ كعبة‬ka‘ba pl. ka‘abāt cube, cubic
2
‫ كشمير‬kašmīr Kashmir (region in NE India); structure; ‫ الكعبة‬the Kaaba (in Mecca);
kašmīr cashmere (a soft, twilled woolen (fig.) shrine; object of veneration, focus of
fabric) interest
‫ كشنى‬kušnā lentil tare, slender vetch (bot.) ‫ كعبي‬ka‘bī cubic
□ ‫( كض‬for ‫ )كظ‬V to be replete, overfull, ‫ كعبة‬ku‘ba virginity
overloaded, overburdened VIII to be ‫ كعاب‬ka‘āb having swelling breasts,
overfilled, be replete (‫ ب‬with s.th.), be buxom (girl)
chock-full
‫ ابو كعيب‬abū ku‘aib (eg.) mumps (med.)
‫ تكضكض‬takaḍkūḍ overexertion,
overstrain, overburdening ‫ تكعيب‬tak‘īb cubing, dicing; raising to
the third power, cubing
‫ كظ‬kaẓẓa u (kaẓẓ) to fill, overfill (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
burden, weight, encumber (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ تكعيبة‬tak‘ība trellis, espalier
overstuff, surfeit, cloy (‫ هـ‬the ‫ تكعيبي‬tak‘ībī cubic
‫ كاعب‬kā‘ib pl. ‫ كواعب‬kawā‘ib2 well- (jadmā’) star α in the constellation Cetus;
developed, full and round, swelling ‫ الكف الخضيب‬star β in Cassiopeia; ‫كف السد‬
(bosom); having swelling breasts, buxom k. al-asad lion’s-leaf (bot.); ‫وضع حياته على‬
(girl); ‫ كواعب‬buxom girls ‫( كفه‬ḥayātahū) to risk one’s life; ‫استدر الكف‬
istadarra l-akuffa to secure generous
‫ مَكعب‬muka‘‘ab cube-shaped, cubiform,
contributions
cubic; (pl. -āt) cube │ ‫( قدم مَكعب‬qadam)
cubic foot; ‫( مَتر مَكعب‬mitr) cubic meter ‫ كفة‬kiffa, kaffa pl. ‫ كفف‬kifaf, ‫ كفاف‬kifāf
palm of the hand; scale (of a balance)
‫ كعبرة‬ku‘bura and ‫ كعبورة‬ku‘būra pl. ‫كعابر‬
ka‘ābir2 knotty excrescence, knot, knob, ‫ كفة‬kaffa: ‫ كفة بارود‬k. bārūd (eg.)
node; ‫ كعبرة‬radius (anat.) │ ‫عظم الكعبرة‬ cartridge pouch
‘aẓm al-k. radius (anat.) ‫ كفة‬kuffa pl. ‫ كفف‬kufaf edge, seam, hem,
‫ مَكعبر‬muka‘bar knotty, knobbed, border
gnarled ‫ كفاف‬kafāf sufficiency, sufficient means
‫ كعبل‬ka‘bala (eg.) to trip up (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make (‫ه‬ for a living
s.o.) stumble ‫ كفاف‬kifāf border, edge, fringe, seam,
‫ كعك‬ka‘k (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬cake; designation of hem 831
various kinds of pastry, also of small ‫ كفافة‬kifāfa hemming; hem
baked goods; pretzel (syr.)
‫ كفيف‬kafīf blind │ ‫ كفيف البصر‬k. al-baṣar
‫ كعم‬ka‘ama a (ka‘m) to muzzle (‫ هـ‬a camel); to blind
gag (‫ ه‬s.o.); to cap, seal (‫ هـ‬a vessel)
‫ كافة‬kāffa totality, entirety; (with foll.
‫ كغم‬abbreviation of ‫ كيلوغرام‬kīlogrām kilogram genit.) all; the people, the masses, the
‫ كف‬kaffa u (kaff) to border, edge, hem (‫ هـ‬a populace; kāffatan all without exception,
garment); to desist, refrain (‫ عن‬from), one and all; altogether, in the aggregate,
cease, forbear (‫ عن‬doing s.th.), give up, collectively
stop (‫ عن‬s.th.); to renounce, waive, forgo ( ‫ مَكفوف‬makfūf pl. ‫ مَكافيف‬makāfīf blind
‫ عن‬s.th.), abstain (‫ عن‬from); to hold back,
restrain (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to hinder, prevent ‫ كفأ‬kafa’a a (kaf’) to turn around, turn over,
(‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to avert (‫ عن‬s.th.); to reverse, invert (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to turn away, turn
check, curb, restrict (‫ مَن‬s.th.) │ ‫كف بصره‬ aside, turn back (‫ مَن‬from) III to reward (‫ه‬
kaffa (and pass. kuffa) baṣaruhū to s.o.); to requite,
become blind II to hem (‫ هـ‬a garment) V to
beg VII to desist, refrain, abstain (‫عن‬
from) X to hold out the hand with an
imploring gesture, beg, practice begging;
to shade one’s eyes with the hand; to coil
(snake); to surround (‫ ل‬or ‫ حول‬s.o., s.th.),
flock around s.o. or s.th. (‫ حول‬,‫)ل‬
‫ كف‬kaff desistance, refraining (‫عن‬
from); abstaining, abstention (‫ مَن‬from);
cessation, suspension, stop, stoppage,
discontinuation (‫ عن‬of s.th.); -- kaff f., pl.
‫ كفوف‬kufūf, ‫ اكف‬akuff palm of the hand;
glove; paw, foot, claw (of an animal);
slap; scale (of a balance); handful; quire;
bar (of chocolate) │ ‫ كف مَريم‬k. mayam
(eg.) agnus castus, chaste tree (Vitex
agnus-castus; bot.); rose of Jericho,
resurrection plant (Anastatica
hierochuntica L.; bot.); ‫الكف الجذمَاء‬
‫ كفاءة‬kafā’a equality; adequacy,
adequateness; comparableness; fitness,
suitability, appropriateness; competence,
efficiency, ability, capability; pl. ‫كفاءات‬
qualifications, abilities, capabilities
‫ مَكافأة‬mukāfa’a pl. -āt requital;
recompense, remuneration; compensation,
indemnification, indemnity; reward;
stipend
‫ تكافؤ‬takāfu’ mutual correspondence,
equivalence; homogeneity, sameness
‫ انكفاء‬inkifā’ retreat, withdrawal
‫ مَكافئ‬mukāfi’ equal, (a)like, of the same
kind, homogeneous, corresponding,
commensurate, equivalent
‫ مَتكافئ‬mutakāfi’ alike, (mutually)
corresponding, commensurate, equivalent,
equal
‫ كفت‬kafata i (kaft) to restrain, detain, turn
away, prevent, hold back (‫ مَن ه‬s.o. from) II
to plate (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with); to inlay (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ كفت‬kift cooking pot
return, repay,
‫ كفتة‬kufta meat balls, hamburgers,
recompense (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with); to oblong or round │ ‫( سمك كفتة‬samak) fried
compensate, make up (‫ ب هـ‬for s.th. with); fish cakes; ‫ كفتة بطاطس‬potato dumplings
to be similar, equal (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), equal (‫هـ‬ stuffed with meat
s.th.), be commensurate (‫ هـ‬with); to
measure up, come up (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), compare ‫ كفيت‬takfīt inlaid work, inlay; plating,
favorably (‫ هـ‬with) IV to turn over, platework
reverse, invert (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to be equal, be ‫ مَكفت‬mukaffat inlaid; coated, overlaid,
on a par; to (counter)balance each other, plated
be perfectly matched VII to be turned
‫ كفح‬kafḥ a (kafḥ) to face frankly, confront,
away, be turned aside; to be changed, be
encounter or meet face to face (‫ ه‬s.o.) III =
altered; to recede, change, fade (color); to
I; to combat (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.), fight, battle,
turn back, withdraw, retreat, fall back,
struggle, contend (‫ ه‬against); to defend (‫عن‬
give way; to be inverted, be reversed, be
s.th.), fight (‫ عن‬for) │ ‫( كافح امَوره‬umūrahū)
turned around or over; to fall down.
to manage one’s affairs personally
tumble, topple
‫ كفاح‬kifāḥ and ‫ مَكافحة‬mukāfaḥa
‫ كفء‬kaf’, kif’, kuf’ pl. ‫ اكفاء‬akfā’, ‫كفاء‬
opposition, fight, battle, struggle (with
kifā’ equal, alike; adequate, appropriate,
genit.: against); contention, strife
suitable, fit (‫ ل‬for); equal (‫ ل‬to s.o.), a
1
match (‫ ل‬for); qualified, capable, able, ‫ كفر‬kafara i (kafr) to cover, hide (‫ هـ‬s.th.); --
competent, efficient (kufr, ‫ كفران‬kufrān, ‫ كفور‬kufūr) to be
irreligious, be an infidel, not to believe (
‫ كفوء‬kufū’, ‫ كفؤ‬kufu’ equal, comparable (
‫ بال‬in God); ‫ كفر بال‬also: to blaspheme
‫ ل‬to), a match (‫ ل‬for)
God, curse, swear; to 632 renege one’s
‫ كفاء‬kifā’ an equivalent faith. become an infidel; to be ungrateful (
‫ كفاء‬kafā’ equality; adequacy, ‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬for a benefit) II to cover, hide (‫هـ‬
adequateness s.th.); to expiate (‫ عن‬s.th.); to do penance,
atone, make amends (‫ ب عن‬for s.th. by or
with); to grant remission (‫ هـ عن‬to s.o. of sponsor or bail (‫ ه‬s.o.), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) go
his sins); to forgive (‫ عن‬or ‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to bail V to be security, go bail, vouch, be or
s.o.), grant pardon (‫ عن‬or ‫ ل هـ‬for s.th. to become responsible, answerable or liable (
s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) an infidel, seduce (‫ه‬ ‫ ب ل‬to s.o. for), be sponsor (‫ ب ل‬of s.o. for
s.o.), o unbelief; to accuse of infidelity, s.th.), guarantee (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to
charge with unbelief (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to make (‫ه‬ obligate o.s. pledge o.s. (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. to do
s.o.) an infidel; to call (‫ ه‬s.o.) an infidel, s.th.); to undertake, take upon o.s. (‫ ب‬s.th.)
accuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) of infidelity VI to vouch for each other, guarantee each
other
‫ كفر‬kafr pl. ‫ كفور‬kufūr small village,
hamlet ‫ كفل‬kafl guaranty, warranty
‫ كفر‬kufr and ‫ كفران‬kufrān unbelief, ‫ كفل‬kafal pl. ‫ اكفال‬akfāl, ‫ كفول‬kufūl rump,
infidelity │ ‫ كفر بال‬godlessness, atheism; buttocks; croup of a horse
blasphemy, profanity; ‫( كفران بالنعمة‬ni’ma) ‫ كفالة‬kafāla bail, guaranty, security,
ingratitude, ungratefulness sponsorship; pledge, deposit, surety,
‫ كفار‬kaffār infidel, unbeliever collateral │ ‫( كفالة مَالية‬mālīya) surety,
security; bail; caution money; ‫كفالة بالنفس‬
‫ كفارة‬kaffāra penance, atonement (‫عن‬
(nafs) bail (esp. for due appearance of a
for a sin), expiation (‫ عن‬of); reparation,
person in court; Isl. Law); ‫في كفالة فلن‬
amends; expiatory gifts, expiations
under the protection or tutelage of s.o., in
(distributed to the poor at a funeral)
s.o.’s custody
‫ تكفير‬takfīr expiation (‫ عن‬of),
‫ كفيل‬kafīl pl. ‫ كفلاء‬kufalā’2 responsible,
atonement, penance (‫ عن‬for a sin);
liable, answerable; bail, bailsman,
seduction to infidelity; charge of unbelief
security, surety, sponsor, bondsman;
‫ كافر‬kāfir pl. –ūn, ‫ كفار‬kuffār, ‫كفرة‬ guarantor (‫ ب‬of s.th.); vouching (‫ ب‬for
kafara, ‫ كفار‬kifār irreligious, unbelieving; s.th.), guaranteeing (‫ ب‬s.th.); protector;
unbeliever, infidel, atheist; ungrateful │ ‫كا‬ legal guardian │ ‫( كفيل بالنفس‬nafs) bail,
‫( فر بالنعمة‬ni’ma) ungrateful bailsman (esp. one guaranteeing the due
2
‫ كافور‬look up alphabetically appearance of a person in court; Isl. Law)
833
‫ كفس‬kafisa a (kafas) to be bandy-legged VII
do. ‫ تكافل‬takāful mutual or joint
responsibility; solidarity; mutual
‫ اكفس‬akfas2, f. ‫ كفساء‬kafsā’2, pl. ‫ كفس‬kufs agreement
bandy-legged
‫ كافل‬kāfil pl. ‫ كفل‬kufal breadwinner,
‫ كفكف‬kafkafa to hold back (‫ هـ‬tears) supporter, provider; bail, bailsman,
‫ كفل‬kafala u (kafl, ‫ كفالة‬kafāla) to feed, support security, surety, sponsor, bondsman;
(‫ ه‬s.o.), provide (‫ ه‬for s.o.; ‫‘ عائلة‬ā’ilatan protector; legal guardian
for a family); -- kafala u i, kafila a and (‫ مَكفول )به‬makfūl (bihī) guaranteed;
kafula u (kafl, ‫ كفول‬kufūl, ‫ كفالة‬kafāla) to covered, backed (banknotes in circulation)
vouch, answer, go bail, be guaranty, be or
stand sponsor, be responsible, liable, ‫ كفن‬kafana i (kafn) to cover with a winding
answerable (‫ ب‬for); to guarantee, sponsor sheet, to shroud, dress for the grave (‫ هـ‬the
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to be legal guardian (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to deceased) II do.; to wrap (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. in),
secure; to warrant, ensure (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cover (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with)
guarantee (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to s.o.); O to cover, ‫ كفن‬kafn saltless
back (currency with gold) II to feed,
‫ كفن‬kafan pl. ‫ اكفان‬akfān shroud,
support (‫ ه‬s. o.), provide (‫ ه‬for); to admit
winding sheet
as security sponsor or bail (‫ ه‬s.o.); to name
sponsor, ask to be security or to go bail, ‫ كفهر‬IV kafhara (‫ اكفهرار‬ikfihrār) to be dark,
appoint security or bail (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to grow dark, darken, be or become gloomy
conclude an agreement, make a contract (‫ه‬
with s.o.) IV to appoint as security,
‫ اكفهرار‬ikfihrār darkness, dark; dusk, blunt (sword) │ ‫ لَ يكل‬indefatigable,
gloom, gloominess untiring II to crown (‫ ه‬s.o., also fig. ‫هـ‬
s.th.); (Chr.) to perform the marriage
‫ مَكفهر‬mukfahirr dim, dusky, gloomy;
ceremony
clouded, overcast; grave, sullen,
melancholy (priest); to become dull, obtuse,
expressionless (face); to become blunt
‫ كفى‬kafā i (‫ كفاية‬kifāya) to be enough, sufficient
(sword) │ ‫ كلل بالنجاح‬kullila bi-l-najāḥ to
(‫ ه‬for s.o.), suffice (‫ ه‬s.o.); to meet all
be crowned by success IV to make languid
requirements; to protect (‫ ه ه‬s.o. from s.o.,
or tired, to weary, tire, fatigue, exhaust,
‫ هـ ه‬s.o. from s.th.); to save, spare (‫ هـ ه‬s.o.
wear out, harass, torment (‫ ه‬s.o.); to dim (
a trouble) │ ‫ وكفى‬wa-kafā and that’s all!
‫ هـ‬the glance) V to be crowned; to wear a
enough of that! that’s enough! ‫كفى الل عنك‬
crown; (Chr.) to be married
may God give satisfaction in your stead,
or, may God make up for your ‫ كل‬kall weariness, tiredness, fatigue,
shortcoming (said to s.o. making a exhaustion; dimness, dullness; dull, dim,
mistake, or showing himself inadequate); feeble (glance, mind) 834
‫( كفى بالله وكيل‬wakīlan) God is the best ‫ كلة‬killa pl. -āt, ‫ كلل‬kilal thin veil, drape,
protector; ‫( كفى حزنا ان‬ḥazanan) it is sad curtain; mosquito net
enough that ...; ‫( كفاه مَؤنة كذا‬mu’nata) to
save s.o. the trouble of ... III to be ‫ كلل‬kalal, ‫ كلل‬kalāl and ‫ كللة‬kalāla
sufficient, enough (‫ ه‬for s.o.), suffice (‫ه‬ weariness, tiredness, fatigue, exhaustion;
s.o.); to requite, repay, recompense, dimness, dullness
reward (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with) VIII to be content, ‫ كليل‬kalīl exhausted, tired, weary, faint,
content o.s. (‫ ب‬with s.th.) languid; weak, feeble; dull, blunt
‫ كفاية‬kifāya sufficient amount, degree, ‫ اكليل‬iklīl pl. ‫ اكاليل‬akālīl2, ‫ اكلة‬akilla
extent, etc., sufficiency; that which crown; diadem; chaplet, wreath, garland,
suffices for performing a duty, a task, etc.; festoon; tonsure (Chr.); wedding,
capability, capacity, ability, qualification; marriage ceremony (Chr.); umbel (bot.) │
appropriateness, suitability, fitness; ‫ اكليل الجبل‬i. al-jabal rosemary (bot.); ‫اكليل‬
competence, efficiency, skill │ ‫بالكفاية‬ ‫ الشوك‬i. aš-šauk crown of thorns; ‫اكليل الملك‬
sufficiently, enough; ‫ كفاية القتال‬fighting i. al-malik yellow sweet clover, melilot
power; ‫‘ عدم الكفاية الجنسية‬adam al-k. al- (Melilotus officinalis L.; bot.)
jinsīya sexual impotence; ‫في هذا كفاية‬
enough of that, that’s enough ‫ تكليل‬taklīl coronation, crowning
‫ كفي‬kafīy sufficient, enough ‫ كال‬kāll tired, fatigued, faint, languid
‫ مَكافاة‬mukāfāh reward; gratification ‫ مَكلل‬mukallal adorned with a wreath,
crowned; married (Chr.)
‫ اكتفاء‬iktifā’ contentedness, contentment 3
‫ كل‬kull totality, entirety; everyone, each one,
‫ كاف‬kāfin pl. ‫ كفاة‬kufāh sufficient, anyone; (with foil. def. noun) whole,
enough, adequate; appropriate, suitable, entire, all; (with fall. indef. noun) every; ‫ال‬
suited, fit; capable, able, qualified, skilled, ‫ كل‬the whole. all, everything │ ‫ بالكل‬on the
skillful, competent, efficient whole, in the aggregate, taken altogether,
‫ مَكتف‬muktafin contented, content in bulk; ‫ الكل بالكل‬everything, all-
1 embracing, all-comprehensive, all-
‫ كل‬kilā, f. ‫ كلتا‬kiltā; ‫ كلي‬kilai, f. ‫ كلتي‬kiltai (with powerful; ‫( كل مَن فلن وفلن وفلن‬kullun
dependent genit. or suffix) both (of); see min) A as well as B as well as C; ‫على كل‬
also alphabetically ‘alā kullin in any case, at any rate; ‫كله‬
2
‫ كل‬kalla i (kall, ‫ كلة‬killa, ‫ كلل‬kalāl, ; ‫كللة‬ kulluhū he entirely, all of him, it entirely,
kalāla, ‫ كلول‬kulūl, ‫ كلولة‬kulūla) to be or all of it; ‫ كل ذلك‬kullu dālika all that; ‫كل البيت‬
become tired, fatigued, weary, exhausted, kullu l-baiti or ‫ البيت كله‬al-b. kulluhū the
weak; to be dim, dull, languid, whole house; ‫ كل الرجال‬or ‫ الرجال كلهم‬all
expreosionless, (glance, eyes); to become men; ‫( الحقيقة كل الحقيقة‬kullu l-ḥ.) the whole
truth, nothing but the truth; ‫السر كل السر‬ ‫ كلاسكي‬kilāsikī classic(a1)
(sirr) a very great secret; ‫الخير كل الخير‬ ‫ كلاكس‬kalāks pl. -āt horn of an automobile
(kair) true or complete happiness; ‫كل رجل‬
kullu rajulin every man; ‫ كل شيء‬k. šai’in ‫ كلب‬kaliba a (kalab) to be seized by
every thing, everything, all; ‫ كل احد‬k. hydrophobia; to become mad, crazy; to
aḥadin and ‫ كل واحد‬k. wāḥidin every covet greedily (‫ على‬s.th.) VI to rage, rave,
(single) one, each one; ‫ كل مَن‬kullu man storm; to fan, pounce, rush in (‫ على‬upon),
everyone who, whoever, whosoever; ‫كل مَا‬ assail (‫ على‬s.o.); to assail each other, rush
kullu mā all that …, whatever, against each other X to be raging, raving,
whatsoever; ‫ كل مَا في المَر ان‬k. mā fī l-amri rabid, furious, mad, frenzied, possessed
anna there is no more to it than ..., it’s ‫ كلب‬Icalb pl. ‫ كلاب‬kilāb dog │ ‫الكلب الكبر‬
nothing but ...; ‫ كل وقت‬kulla waqtin at any the constellation Canis Major with its
time, always; ‫ في كل سبعة ايام‬fī kulli sab‘ati main star Sirius; ‫ الكلب الصغر‬the
ayyāmin in each seven days, every seven constellation Canis Minor with its main
days; ‫ لكل الف‬li-kulli alfin per (one) star Procyon; ‫ كلب البحر‬k. al-baḥr shark;
thousand ‫ كلب الماء‬otter; beaver
‫ كلما‬kullamā whenever; the more ..., in ‫ كلبة‬kalba pl. -āt bitch
the same measure as … │ ‫ كلما – كلما‬the
more -- the more ‫ كلبي‬kalbī canine (adj.)
‫ كلي‬kullī total, entire, all-round, overall, ‫ كلب‬kalab rabies, hydrophobia; burning
sweeping, comprehensive, complete; thirst; greed (‫ على‬for)
absolute, universal ‫ كلب‬kalib affected with rabies, rabid;
‫ كلية‬kullīya totality, entirety; integrity, mad; greedy
wholeness, entireness, completeness; (pl. ‫ كلاب‬kullāb and ‫ كلوب‬kallūb pl. ‫كلاليب‬
-āt) faculty, school (of a university); kalālīb2 hook; cramp
college; institute of higher learning,
academy, secondary school; ‫ كليات‬the ‫ كلابة‬kullāba pl. -āt (pair of) pincers,
complete works (of an author); ‫ الكليات‬the tongs
five logical predicates or general ‫ كليب‬kalīb pl. ‫ كلبى‬kalbā affected with
conceptions (philos.); kullīyatan wholly, rabies, rabid, raging
entirely, totally, absolutely │ ‫ بالكلية‬on the
‫ تكالب‬takālub fierce struggle, dogfight,
whole, in the aggregate, altogether; -- َ‫ل‬
free-for-all, melee, brawl; avidity, greed
‫ بالكلية‬not at all, absolutely not; ‫ بكليته‬in its
entire being, completely, totally, entirely, ‫ مَكلوب‬maklūb rabid, frenzied, crazed,
wholly; ‫ كلية التجارة‬commercial college; ‫كلية‬ possessed
‫( حربية‬ḥarbīya) military academy ‫ كلبش‬kalabš manacles, handcuffs
4
‫ كلة‬kulla pl. ‫ كلل‬kulal bullet; cannon ball; shell, ‫ كلت‬kalata i to pour, pour out (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
grenade; a marble
‫ كلح‬kalaḥa a (‫ كلاح‬kulāḥ, ‫ كلوح‬kulūḥ) to frown,
‫ كلا‬kallā not at all, on the contrary; by no scowl, look gloomy IV and V do.
means! certainly not! never! no! (see also
1
‫( كل │ كلا ثم كلا‬tumma) a thousand times ‫ كلحة‬kalaḥa zone around the mouth,
no! not at all! mien, facial expression
‫ كلأ‬kala’a a (‫ كلء‬kal’, ‫ كلاء‬kilā’, ‫ كلاءة‬kilā’a) to ‫ كالح‬kāliḥ grave, austere, somber,
guard, preserve, watch, protect (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII gloomy; fallow, livid, dull grey; turned
to find no sleep (eye) colorless, faded
‫ كلأ‬kala’ pl. ‫ اكلاء‬aklā’ grass, herbage, ‫ كلخ‬kalk giant fennel (Ferula communis L.;
pasture Ferula sinaica B.; bos.); -- (eg.) kalak
ammoniac
‫ كلوء‬kalū’: ‫ كلوء العين‬k. al-‘ain sleepless,
awake 835 ‫ الكلدان‬al-kaldān the Chaldeans
‫ كلداني‬kaldānī Chaldean (adj. and n.); ‫ كلف‬kalaf (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬freckles │ ‫كلف‬
astrologer ‫ الشمس‬k. aš-šams sunspots
1
‫ كلس‬II to plaster with lime, whitewash (‫هـ‬ ‫ كلف‬kalif very much in love (‫ ب‬with),
s.th.); to calcine, calcify (‫ هـ‬s.th.) very attached (‫ ب‬to), very fond (‫ ب‬of)
‫ كلس‬kils lime ‫ كلفة‬kulfa pl. ‫ كلف‬kulaf discomfort;
trouble, inconvenience; nuisance;
‫ كلسي‬kilsī calcic, limy, lime- (in
ceremonial, ceremony, formality,
compounds) │ ‫ حجارة كلسية‬limestone
ceremoniousness, affectedness of
‫ كلاسة‬kallāsa limekiln behavior, affectation, mannerism, pose;
‫ مَكلس‬mukallas calcified costs, expenses, expenditure, outlay;
2
trimmings, fittings, accessories, notions,
‫( كلسة‬It. calza) kalsa pl. -āt stocking ornaments (buttons, buckles, clasps,
‫ كواليس‬see ‫كوليس‬ braiding, lace, etc.); lady’s maid │ ‫الكلف‬
‫( الشمسية‬šamsīya) the sunspots
‫( كلسون‬Fr. caleçon) kalsūn pl. -āt (pair of
men’s) drawers ‫ كلاف‬kallāf stable hand, hostler, groom
‫( كلسيطة‬It. calzeta) kalsīṭa pl. ‫ كلاسط‬kalāsiṭ2 ‫ كلافي‬kallāfī hirer of donkeys
stocking ‫ اكلف‬aklaf2, f. ‫ كلفاء‬kalfā’2, pl. ‫ كلف‬kulf
‫ كلسيوم‬kalsiyōm calcium brownish red, russet; freckled; spotted
‫ كلف‬kalifa a (kalaf) to become brownish red ‫ تكليف‬taklīf pl. ‫ تكاليف‬takālīf2 burdening,
(face); to become freckled, be covered bothering, troubling, inconveniencing;
with freckles; to like (‫ ب‬s.th.), be intent, commissioning, charging, authorization;
bent, set. keen (‫ ب‬on), be very attached (‫ب‬ commandment (of God); burden,
to s.o. or s.th.), be very fond (‫ ب‬of s.o. or annoyance, nuisance, bother; trouble,
s.th.); to be in love, fall in love (‫ ب‬with inconvenience, discomfort; fuss, ado;
s.o.) II to commission, charge, entrust (‫ه‬ formality, ceremonial of courtesy,
s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬with), assign (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. ceremony; expenses, expenditure, outlay,
a task, a job); to cost (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. a certain costs, charges, overhead; prime cost;
amount) │ ‫( كلف خاطره‬kāṭirahū) (eg.) to taxes, imposts, duties; taxation,
take the trouble, go to the trouble, bother; encumbrance with a tax; legal capacity
to put s.o. to the trouble, bother s.o.; ‫كلفه‬ (Isl. Law) │ ‫ بل تكليف‬informal(ly),
‫( شططا‬šaṭaṭan) to overtask s.o., expect or unceremonious(ly), without (standing on)
demand too much of s.o.; (‫ مَشقة‬... or ‫مَؤونة‬ ceremony; ‫ كشف التكليف‬kašf at-t. terrier; ‫تكالي‬
...) 836 ... ‫‘( كلف نفسه عناء‬anā’a, ma‘ūnata, ‫ ف المعيشة‬t. al-ma‘īša cost of living
mašaqqata) to take the trouble to ..., to ‫ تكلف‬takalluf constraint, unnaturalness
bother to ..., go to the trouble of …; ‫كلفه ثمنا‬ of manner; mannerism, airs, affectation,
‫( باهظا‬tamanan) to cost s.o. dearly; ‫مَهما كلفه‬ affected behavior; studied, unnatural
‫( المَر‬mahmā, amr) whatever it may cost manner; dissimulation, hypocrisy
him, at any cost V to burden o.s., be
burdened (‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬with s.th.); to take upon ‫ مَكلف‬mukallaf commissioned,
o.s. (‫ هـ‬a job, a task, coats, an office, etc.); authorized, charged (‫ ب‬with); obligated,
to take over, defray, have to bear (‫ هـ‬s.th., under obligation, liable (‫ ب‬to do s.th.),
e.g., expenses); to do reluctantly or responsible (‫ ب‬for); bound, obliged (‫ ب‬to
unwillingly, do in a studied or affected do s.th.); subject to taxation, taxable;
manner, simulate, feign, affect (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to taxpayer; obligated to observe the
force o.s. (‫ هـ‬to do s.th.). do s.th. (‫ )هـ‬with precepts of religion (Isl. Law); legally
difficulty, e.g., ‫( تكلف الضحك‬ḍaḥk) to force capable, sane in mind, compos mentis (Isl.
a laugh; to be affected, mannered, Law) │ ‫ مَكلف بالشؤون‬chargé d’affaires,
unnatural, stiff, formal, ceremonious, diplomatic envoy
punctilious, stand on ceremony; to employ ‫ مَكلفة‬mukallafa pl. -āt (eg.) terrier
(‫ هـ‬e.g., care), spend (‫ على هـ‬an amount
for); to cost (‫ على‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬so-and-so much)
‫ مَتكلف‬mutakallaf formal, ceremonial, password, watchword, parole; ‫الكلمات العشر‬
ceremonious; affected, studied, forced, (‘ašr) the ten Commandments; ‫كلمة تمهيدية‬
outward., sham, false, artificial │ ‫ضحكة‬ (tamhīdīya) preface; ‫ كلمة السر‬k. as-sirr,
‫( مَتكلفة‬ḍahka) forced laugh (ir.) ‫ كلم السر‬kalim as-sirr parole, watch-
word, countersign
‫ كلك‬kalak pl. -āt (ir.) raft of inflated skins
‫ كلم‬kalām talking, speaking; speech;
‫ كلكتا‬kalkattā Calcutta (city in NE India)
language, mode of expression, style; talk,
‫ كلاكيع‬kalākī‘2: ‫ كلاكيع العظام‬k. al-‘iẓām bone conversation, discussion; debate, dispute,
fragments controversy; words, word, saying,
‫ كلكل‬kalkala and II takalkala to become callous utterance, statement, remark; aphorism,
(skin) maxim, phrase, idiom, figure of speech;
(gram.) sentence, clause │ ‫ بالكلم‬orally,
‫ كلكل‬kalkal pl. ‫ كلاكل‬kalākil2 chest, verbally; ‫( فتح فمه بالكلم‬famahū) to open
thorax │ ‫ تحت كلكله‬,‫ تحت كلاكله‬under the 837 one’s mouth in order to say s.th., prepare
oppressive burden of s.th.; ‫ بكلكله‬to oppress to say s.th.; ‫ كلم فارغ‬idle talk, prattle,
s.o. gravely, weigh heavily upon s.o. poppycock, bosh, nonsense; ‫طريق الكلم‬
‫ كلكلة‬kalkala callosity, callus manner of speaking, diction; ‫‘ علم الكلم‬ilm
al-k. scholastic theology (Isl.); ‫كثير الكلم‬
‫ مَكلكل‬mukalkal callous (skin) talkative, loquacious, garrulous; ‫لغة الكلم‬
‫ كلم‬II to address (‫ ه‬s.o.), speak, talk (‫ ه‬to or with lugat al-k. colloquial language, everyday
s.o.) III to speak, talk, converse (‫ ه‬with speech
s.o.) V to speak, talk (‫ مَع‬with or to s.o., ‫عن‬ ‫ كلمَي‬kalāmī of or pertaining to speech
or ‫ على‬about, of); to utter, express, voice, or words, speech-, word- (in oompounds),
say (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.) verbal; spoken, oral; scholastic,
‫ كلم‬kalm pl. ‫ كلوم‬kulūm, ‫ كلم‬kilām theological │ ‫( مَشادة كلمَية‬mašādda) battle
wound, cut, slash of words, dispute, altercation
‫ كلمة‬kalima pl. -āt (coll. ‫ كلم‬kalim) word; ‫ كليم‬kalīm pl. ‫ كلمى‬kalmā wounded,
speech, address; utterance, remark, injured; sore; -- (pl. ‫ كلماء‬kulamā’) person
saying; aphorism, maxim; brief addressed; speaker, spokesman,
announcement, a few (introductory) mouthpiece │ ‫ كليم ا‬epithet of Moses
words; short treatise; importance, weight, ‫ كليم‬see also alphabetically
influence, authority, ascendancy, powerful
position │ ‫ كلمة فكلمة‬kalimatan fa- ‫ كلماني‬kalmānī, kalamānī, killimānī
kalimatan word by word, literally; ‫بكلمة‬ eloquent; fluent speaker
‫( اخرى‬ukra) in other words; ‫ القى كلمة‬alqā ‫ تكلام‬tiklām, tikillām and ‫ تكلامَة‬tiklāma,
kalimatan to make a speech, give a public tikillāma eloquent; good talker,
address; ‫ لي كلمة مَعك‬I’ve got to talk to you; conversationalist; talkative, loquacious,
‫( جمعوا كلمتهم على‬jama’ū kalimatahum) they garulous
decided unanimously to ..., they were
unanimous about ...; ‫ اجتمعت كلمتهم‬ijtama’at ‫ مَكالمة‬mukālama talk, conversation,
kalimatuhum they united, joined forces, discussion │ ‫ مَكالمة تليفونية‬telephone
came to an agreement; ‫اجتمعت كلمتهم على‬ conversation
they were agreed that ...; ‫ توحيد الكلمة‬or ‫جمع‬ ‫ تكلم‬takallum speaking; talk,
‫ الكلمة‬jam’ al-k. union, joining of forces, conversation; speech
unanimity; ‫ اتحاد الكلمة‬ittiḥād al-k. concord,
‫ مَتكلم‬mutakallim speaking (act. part.);
agreement, harmony; ‫ تقسيم الكلمة‬dissension,
speaker, spokesman; first person (gram.);
variance, disunion; ‫( اعلى كلمته‬a’lā) to raise
Muslim theologian, scholastic 838
the prestige of s.o.; ‫‘ علو الكلمة‬ulūw al-k.
and ‫‘( الكلمة العليا‬ulyā) supremacy, ‫ كلما‬kullamā see 2‫كل‬
hegemony; ‫ قال كلمته‬he said what he had to ‫ كالون‬look up alphabetically
say, he had his say; ‫ كلمة ا‬the word of
God, the Holy Scriptures; O ‫كلمة المرور‬
‫ كلية‬kulya and ‫ كلوة‬kulwa pl. ‫ كلى‬kulan, □ ‫كلوى‬ ‫( كمب‬Engl.) kamb camp
kalāwī kidney ‫( كمبيالة‬It. cambiale) kambiyāla pl. -āt bill of
‫ كلوي‬kulwī of or pertaining to the exchange, draft
kidneys, renal, nephric, nephritic, nephro- ‫ كمبريت‬kambarīt batiste, cambric
(in compounds) │ ‫ التهاب كلوي‬inflammation
of the kidneys, nephritis; ‫( مَغص كلوي‬magṣ) ‫( كمبيو‬It. cambio) kambiyō exchange, money
renal colic exchange; rate of exchange
‫ كليشيه‬kilīšēh pl. -āt cliché ‫ كمت‬kamata u (kamt) to suppress (‫ هـ‬one’s
anger)
‫ كليم‬kilīm pl. ‫ اكلمة‬aklima kilim, carpet, rug
(usually long and narrow) ‫ كميت‬kumait (m. and f.) reddish-brown,
1 chestnut, bay, maroon
‫ كم‬kam (interrogative and exclamatory particle
with foll. noun in acc.) how much? how ‫ كمثرى‬kummatrā (coll.; n. un. ‫ كمثراة‬kummatrāh
many! how much! │ ‫( كم ولد لك‬waladan) pl. ‫ كمثريات‬kummatrayāt) pear
how many sons do you have? ‫كم مَرة‬ ‫ كمح‬kamaḥa a (kamḥ) to pull up, rein in (‫ هـ‬an
(marratan) or ‫ كم مَن مَرة‬how many times? animal) IV do.
how often? how often! ‫( كم بالحري‬ḥarīy) 1
how much more ...! how much rather ...! ‫ كمخ‬kamaka a (kamk) with ‫ بانفه‬bi-anfihī to
‫ بكم‬for how much? how much (is it)? turn up one’s nose, be haughty IV = I
2
‫ كم‬kamm amount, quantity │ ‫نظرية الكم‬ ‫ كماخ‬kumāk pride, haughtiness,
naẓariyat al-k. quantum theory (phys.) overweening, self-conceit
2
‫ كمي‬kammī quantitative ‫ كامَخ‬kāmak, kāmik pl. ‫ كوامَخ‬kawāmik2 vinegar
sauce, pickle; (mixed) pickles
‫ كمية‬kammīya pl. -āt amount, quantity, 3
magnitude ‫ كمخا‬kamkā silk fabric, damask
3
‫ كم‬kamma u (kamm) to cover, cover up, ‫ كمد‬kamida a (kamd) to be sad, grieved,
conceal, hide, cloak (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to plug up, distressed, heartsick; to be smutty,
stop up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to muzzle (‫ هـ‬s.o.) │ ‫كم‬ swarthy, dull, flat (color); to fade, lose
‫( فمه‬famahū) to stop s.o.’s mouth, silence color, become discolored II to apply a hot
s.o. II to muzzle (‫ هـ‬s.o.); to muffle s.o.’s ( compress, a hot pack (‫ هـ‬to a limb) IV to
‫ )ه‬mouth; O to spike (‫ هـ‬a cannon); to sadden, grieve, worry, make heartsick (‫ه‬
provide with sleeves (‫ هـ‬a garment) IV to s.o.) X to become smutty, swarthy, dull,
provide with sleeves (‫ هـ‬a garment) flat; to darken, become dark (color) 839
‫ كم‬kumm pl. ‫ اكمام‬akmām, ‫ كممة‬kimama ‫ كمد‬kamd, kamad and ‫ كمدة‬kumda dull,
sleeve swarthy color; dullness, duskiness,
swarthiness; sadness, grief
‫ كم‬kimm pl. ‫ اكمام‬akmām, ‫ اكمة‬akimma,
‫ كمام‬kimām, ‫ اكامَيم‬akāmīm2 calyx (bot.); ‫ كمد‬kamid and ‫ كميد‬kamld aad, grieved.
perianth (bot.) worried. heartaick; gloomy. dark
‫ كمام‬kimām muzzle ‫ كمد‬kimād and ‫ كمادة‬kimāda compress,
‫ كمامَة‬kimāma pl. -āt, ‫ كمائم‬kamā’im 2 pack
muzzle; cloth for muffling the mouth; ‫ اكمد‬akmad2 dark-colored, blackish,
mask; O gas mask; perianth, calyx swarthy
‫ كمء‬kam’ pl. ‫ اكمؤ‬akmu’ truffle; mushroom ‫ تكميد‬takmīd application of hot
‫ كمأة‬kam’a (pl.) truffles compresses, fomentation
‫ كما‬ka-mā see ‫ ك‬ka ‫ كامَد‬kāmid sad, grieved, worried,
heartsick; gloomy, dark; swarthy, dark-
‫ كمان‬kamān violin, fiddle colored
‫ كمانجي‬kamānjī player of a ‫( كمنجة‬q.v.) ‫ مَكمد‬mukammad and ‫ مَكمدة‬mukammada
pl. -āt compress, pack
1
‫ كمر‬kamar pl. ‫ اكمار‬akmār belt s.th.) VI and VIII to be perfect,
consummate, integral, be or become
‫ كمرة‬kamara pl. -āt beam, girder,
complete, finished, done, accomplished,
specif., iron girder; arm, jib │ ‫كمرة حمالة‬
concluded; to reach completion,
(ḥammāla) and ‫كمرة تحميل قضبان الونش‬
fulfillment or perfection, to mature, ripen;
(quḍbān al-winš) beam, bridge (of a
to be perfected X to complete (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
traveling crane)
perfect (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to round out,
2
‫ مَكمور‬makmūr (eg.) dish of chopped meat and complement, supplement (. s.th.); to carry
vegetables out, meet, fulfill (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., conditions)
‫( كمرك‬syr.) gumrug pl. ‫ كمارك‬gamārig2 ‫ كمال‬kamāl pl. -āt perfection;
customs; customhouse completeness; completion, consummation,
‫ كمركي‬gumrugī customs-, tariff- (in conclusion, termination, windup; maturity,
compounds) ripeness │ ‫ بكماله‬in its full scope,
completely, entirely, wholly, totally
‫ كمساري‬kumsārī pl. ‫ كمسارية‬kumsārīya (eg.)
(streetcar, railroad, etc.) conductor ‫ كمالي‬kamālī luxury, luxurious, de luxe;
‫ كماليات‬luxuries; luxury
‫ كمش‬kamaša u (kamš) to seize, grasp, grip,
clutch (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to become wrinkled, to ‫ كمالة‬kamāla (colloq.) that which fills
wrinkle; to shrink; to contract; to recoil up or completes a weight or number, a
within o.s. cower, quail VII to become complement; addition, supplement 840
wrinkled, to wrinkle; to shrink; to ‫ اكمل‬akmal 2 more complete, more
contract; to tighten, become cramped, be perfect │ ‫ باكمله‬entirely, wholly, totally;
convulsed; to recoil within o.s., cower, ‫ لندن باكملها‬all London
quail; to withdraw within o.s., become or
‫ تكميل‬takmīl completion,
be preoccupied with o.s. be self-absorbed;
complementing, perfecting, perfection;
to collect one’s thoughts, gather one’s
conclusion, termination, windup;
strength, concentrate (also with ‫)على نفسه‬
consummation, execution
‫ كمشة‬kamša a handful
‫ تكميلي‬takmīlī completing,
‫ كمش‬kamiš, ‫ كميش‬kamīš adroit, skillful, complementing, complementary,
skilled │ ‫ كميش الزار‬k. al-izār do.; supplementary │ ‫ انتخاب تكميلي‬by-election
efficient, active, diligent, industrious
‫ تكملة‬takmila supplement, complement
‫ كماشة‬kammāša pl. -āt (pair) of pincers
‫ اكمال‬ikmāl completion, complementing,
‫ انكماش‬inkimāš absorption, perfecting, perfection; conclusion,
preoccupation, self-absorption termination; windup; consummation,
‫ مَنكمش‬munkamiš shrunk; cramped, execution
clenched, convulsed; absorbed, ‫ تكامَل‬takāmul integration; unification to
preoccupied, self-absorbed, introverted a perfect whole │ O ‫ حساب التكامَل‬integral
‫ كمع‬III to sleep (‫ ه‬with s.o.), embrace (‫ ه‬s.o.), calculus
have sexual intercourse (‫ ه‬with s.o.) ‫ تكامَلي‬takāmulī integrative; all-
‫ كميع‬kamī’ bedfellow including and unifying to form a perfect
whole
‫ كمل‬kamala, kamula u and kamila a (‫كمال‬
kamāl, ‫ كمول‬kumūl) to be or become ‫ اكتمال‬iktimāl completion; maturity,
whole, entire, integral, perfect, complete; ripeness
to be finished, done, completed, ‫ استكمال‬istikmāl conclusion, termination,
accomplished; to be concluded, come to a finishing
close II and IV to finish, wind up,
‫ كامَل‬kāmil pl. ‫ كملة‬kamala perfect,
conclude, complete, consummate (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
consummate; genuine, sterling; complete,
to carry out, execute (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to perfect,
full, plenary, full-strength; completed,
round out, complement, supplement (‫هـ‬
concluded; whole, entire, total, integral;
name of a poetic meter; folio format hide, conceal, secrete, keep secret (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
(paper) │ ‫ بكامَله‬wholly, entirely, totally, VIII to be hidden, be concealed X to be
altogether, in its entirety; O ‫لبن كامَل‬ hidden, be concealed; to seek shelter; to
(laban) unskimmed, full-bodied milk lie comfortably, nestle, cuddle, snuggle; to
calm down 841
‫ مَتكامَل‬mutakāmil perfect; integrative;
complete, integral ‫ كن‬kann, kinn pl. ‫ اكنان‬aknān, ‫اكنة‬
akinna place where one is sheltered;
‫ كمن‬kamana u and kamina a (‫ كمون‬kumūn) to
cover, shelter, retreat, refuge; nest; home,
hide; to be hidden, concealed, latent; to
house, hut; arbor, bower
have its secret seat (‫ في‬in); to ambush,
waylay (‫ ل‬s.o.) V to lie in wait (‫ ل‬for s.o.), ‫ كنة‬kanna pl. ‫ كنائن‬kanā’in2 daughter-in-
ambush, waylay (‫ ل‬s.o.) X to hide, lie law; sister-in-law
concealed ‫ كنة‬kinna shelter, cover, covering
‫ كمنة‬kumna black cataract (med.) ‫ كنة‬kunna pl. -āt, ‫ كنان‬kinān shed roof,
‫ كمان‬look up alphabetically pent roof, awning
‫ كمون‬kammūn cumin (Cuminum ‫ كنان‬kinān pl. -āt akinna shed roof, pent
cyminum L.; bot.) │ ‫ كمون اسود‬black roof, awning
caraway, black cumin (Nigella sativa L.; ‫ كنانة‬kināna pl. ‫ كنائن‬kanā’in2 quiver (for
bot.); ‫( كمون بري‬barrī) do.; ‫( كمون حلو‬ḥulw) arrows) │ ‫ ارض كنانة‬arḍ kināna, ‫الكنانة‬
anise, aniseed Egypt (land of the Kinana tribe)
‫ كمين‬kamīn pl. ‫ كمناء‬kumanā’2 hidden, ‫ كانون‬kānūn pl. ‫ كوانين‬kawānīn2 stove
lying in ambush; ambush, secret attack │
‫( دبر كمينا‬dabbara) to hatch a plot; ‫نصب له‬ ‫ كانون‬kānūn: ‫ كانون الول‬k. al-awwal
‫ كمينا‬to set a trap for s.o. December (Syr., Leb., Jord., Ir.); ‫كانون‬
‫ الثاني‬k. at-tānī January (Syr., Leb., Jord.,
‫ مَكمن‬makman pl. ‫ مَكامَن‬makāmin2 place Ir.)
whore s.th. is hidden; ambuscade;
‫ كنين‬kanīn hidden, concealed; well-kept
ambush, hiding place │ ‫هنا مَكمن السر‬
hunā m. as-sirr that’s where the secret lies ‫ مَكنون‬maknūn hidden, concealed; well-
kept; hidden content
‫ كامَن‬kāmin hidden, concealed, latent;
1
secret; pl. ‫ كوامَن‬kawāmin2 underlying ‫ كنار‬kanār edge, rim, border, fringe, hem,
factors, hidden background, latent depths selvage
2
‫ كمنجا‬kamanjā and ‫ كمنجة‬kamanja ‫ كناري‬kanārī canary
oriental stringed instrument having one or 1
‫ كنب‬kanab callocity, callus
two strings; (Western) violin, fiddle
‫ كنب‬kanib and ‫ مَكنب‬muknib callous
‫ كمه‬kamah blindness (from birth) (skin)
‫ اكمه‬akmah2, f. ‫ كمهاء‬kamhā’2, pl. ‫كمه‬ 2
‫ كنبه‬or ‫( كنبيه‬Fr. canapé) kanabēh pl. -āt sofa
kumh blind, born blind
‫ الكنج‬al-kunj the Congo
‫ كمي‬kamīy pl. ‫ كماة‬kumāh, ‫ اكماء‬akmā’ armed
and ironclad, in full armor; brave, valiant, ‫ كنجرو‬kangarū kangaroo (eg.)
courageous 1
‫ كنود‬kunūd ingratitude
‫( كميون‬Fr. camion) kamiyōn pl. -āt truck, lorry ‫ كنود‬kanūd ungrateful
‫ كن‬kanna u (kann, ‫ كنون‬kunūn) to hide (‫هـ‬ 2
‫ كندا‬kanadā Canada
s.th.); to conceal, cover, cloak (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
shelter, ensconce, contain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ كندي‬kanadī Canadian
harbor (‫ ل هـ‬friendship toward); to calm 1
‫ كندر‬kundur frankincense
down, subside, abate (wind) II to hide, 2
‫ كندرة‬kundura pl. ‫ كنادر‬kanādir2 (syr.)
conceal, secrete, keep secret (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
(Western-style) shoe
calm, quiet, still, assuage (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to
‫ كندش‬kunduš magpie ‫ كنغر‬kangar kangaroo
‫ كنار‬look up alphabetically ‫ كنف‬kanafa u (kanf) to guard, protect (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
fence in, hedge, provide with an enclosure
‫ كنز‬kanaza i (kanz) to bury (‫ في الرض‬in the
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to surround (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to
ground, ‫ هـ‬a treasure); to pile up, heap up,
help, assist (‫ ه‬s.o.) III and IV to shelter,
lay up, accumulate, amass, collect, gather,
protect, help, assist (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to
save, hoard (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII to be firm,
surround (on both sides), enclose,
compact, sturdy, strapping; to accumulate,
embrace (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
amass, gather (‫ هـ‬money, treasures); to
hide (‫ هـ‬money, treasures) ‫ كنف‬kanaf pl. ‫ اكناف‬aknāf side, flank;
wing; shadow, shelter, pale, fold; bosom │
‫ كنز‬kanz pl. ‫ كنوز‬kunūz treasure
‫ في كنف‬under cover of ..., in an atmosphere
‫ كنز‬kaniz firm, compact (flesh); sturdy, of ...; ‫ في اكنافه‬under his protection, under
strapping (body) his sponsorship
‫ اكتناز‬iktināz strong, sturdy build, ‫ كنافة‬kunāfa pl. -āt vermicelli baked in
sturdiness, compactness, stoutness (of the sugar, melted butter and honey
body)
‫ كنيف‬kanīf pl. ‫ كنف‬kunuf water closet,
‫ مَكتنز‬muktaniz firm, compact (flesh); toilet; public lavatory
sturdy (body); compressed, pinched (lips);
‫ مَكتنف‬muktanaf surrounded, enclosed (
massive, strong; -- muktanaz accumulated,
‫ ب‬by)
amassed; hidden, buried
‫( كنفاش‬Engl.) kanfāš canvas
‫ كنس‬kanasa u (kans) to sweep (‫ هـ‬the house) II
do. ‫ كنكة‬kanaka (= ‫ تنكة‬eg.) pl. -āt coffee pot
1
‫ كنس‬kans sweeping, cleaning ‫ كنكن‬kankana to stay at home; to settle down,
make o.s. at home; to nestle, snuggle,
‫ الكنسة‬al-kansa visit of the ulema to the
cuddle up
tomb of the Imam al-Shāfi‘ī where they
2
sweep away the dust ‫ كنكينا‬kanakīnā quinine
‫ كناس‬kannās sweeper; street sweeper, ‫ كنه‬VIII to fathom, probe, sound, investigate,
street cleaner explore (‫ هـ‬s.th.), look (‫ هـ‬into
‫ كناسة‬kunāsa sweepings, refuse, s.th.); to get to the bottom (‫ هـ‬of s.th.);
garbage, offal to understand thoroughly, grasp in its
entirety (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to seek to explore or
‫ كنيس‬kanīs nose bag
find out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fathom, discover, find
‫ كنيس‬kanīs synagogue out, grasp, understand (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ كنيسة‬kanīsa pl. ‫ كنائس‬kanā’is2 church ‫ كنه‬kunh utmost degree, extreme; core,
(Chr.); synagogue, temple (Jud.) essence, substance, true nature, essential
‫ كنسي‬kanasī and ‫ كنائسي‬kanā’isī being │ ‫ يعرفه كنه المعرفة‬ya‘rifuhū kunha l-
ecclesiastic(al); clerical 842 ma‘rifa he understands it most thoroughly,
he grasps its very essence
‫ مَكنسة‬miknasa pl. ‫ مَكانس‬makānis2
broom; O sweeper, street sweeper ‫ تكنهات‬takannuhāt = ‫تكهنات‬
(machine) │ ‫( مَكنسة كهربائية‬kahrabā’īya) ‫ اكتناه‬iktināh and ‫ استكناه‬istiknāh
vacuum cleaner fathoming, penetration, exploration
‫ مَكناس‬miknās2, ‫ مَكناسة‬miknāsa2 Meknes ‫ كنهور‬kanahwar cumuli
(city in N Morocco)
‫ )كنو‬and ‫ كنا )كني‬kanā u and ‫ كنى‬kanā i (‫كناية‬
‫ كناش‬kunnāš, ‫ كناشة‬kunnāša scrapbook; ‫كناشات‬ kināya) to use metonymically ( ‫ ب عن‬s.th.
fundamentals, principles for); to allude (‫ عن ب‬with s.th. to); -- ‫كنى‬
‫( كنصول‬Fr. console) kunṣōl pl. -āt console kanā i (‫ كنية‬kunya) and II to call (‫ ه‬s.o.) by
the surname of (‫ )ب‬V and VIII to be
‫ كنعان‬kan‘ān Canaan
known by the surname of (‫)ب‬, call o.s. by ‫ مَكهرب‬mukahrab electrically charged,
the surname of (‫)ب‬ electrized, electrified; O electrically
conductive, conducting, ionized; O
‫ كنية‬kunya pl. ‫ كنى‬kunan surname,
electrically ignited, provided with electric
agnomen (consisting of abū or umm
ignition
followed by the name of the son)
‫ كهرطيسي‬kahraṭīsī electromagnetic
‫ كناية‬kināya indirect expression,
metonymy; allusion; indirect declaration ‫ كهرمَان‬kahramān amber
of (legal) intent (Isl. Law) │ ‫بالكناية‬ ‫ كهف‬kahf pl. ‫ كهوف‬kuhūf cave, cavern;
indirect, not clear and unequivocal (as depression, hollow, cavity │ ‫كهف رئوي‬
opposed to ‫ هو كناية عن ;)صريح‬it is (ri’awī) pulmonary abscess, vomica
tantamount to ..., it means ..., it stands (med.); ‫ اصحاب الكهف‬the Seven Sleepers
for ..., it consists in ...; ‫ كناية عن‬kināyatan
‘an tantamount to; in lieu of, instead of ‫ كهل‬kahala a (‫ كهول‬kuhūl), kahula u (‫كهولة‬
kuhūla) and VIII to be middle-aged, be at
‫ مَكني عنه‬maknīy ‘anhu metonymically the height of one’s life
expressed
‫ كهل‬kahl pl. ‫ كهل‬kuhhal, ‫ كهال‬kihāl, ‫كهول‬
‫ مَكنى‬mukannan surnamed kuhūl, ‫ كهلان‬kuhlān middle-aged, man of
‫ كهرب‬kahraba to electrify, electrize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); mature age
to ionize (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II takahraba to be ‫ كهل‬kuhūla maturity of age
electrified, be electrized, become electric;
to be charged with electricity; to be ‫ كاهل‬kāhil pl. ‫ كواهل‬kawāhil2 upper part
ionized of the back; withers │ ‫ ثقل كاهله‬taqqala
kāhilahū to load, burden, encumber s.o. or
‫ كهربة‬kahraba electrization, s.th., e.g., ‫( ثقل كاهل الميزان‬k. al-mīzān) to
electrification; electricity 843 burden the budget; ‫( تخفيف العبء عن كاهله‬t.
‫ كهرب‬kahrab pl. ‫ كهارب‬kahārib2 al-‘ib’) unburdening, disencumbrance of
electron s.o. or s.th.
‫ كهيرب‬kuhairib pl. -āt electron ‫ كهامَة‬kahāma dullness, bluntness; lassitude
languor, weakness
‫ كهيربي‬kuhairibī electronic, electron- (in
1
compounds) │ ‫( المجهر الكهيربي‬mijhar) ‫ كهن‬kahana a u (‫ كهانة‬kahāna) to predict the
electron microscope future, tell the fortune (‫ ل‬of s.o.), prophesy
(‫ ل‬to s.o.) V to predict, foretell, presage,
‫ كهاربي‬kahāribī electronic, electron- (in
prophesy (‫ ب‬s.th.)
compounds)
‫ كهانة‬kahāna prediction; prophecy
‫ كهرباء‬kahrabā’ and ‫ كهربا‬kahrabā
amber; electricity; ‫( الكهرباء‬eg.) the street- ‫ كهانة‬kihāna divination, soothsaying,
car, the trolley fortunetelling
‫ كهربائي‬kahrabā’ī and ‫ كهربي‬kahrabī ‫ كهنوت‬kahnūt, kahanūt priesthood │
electric(al); electrician │ ‫تيار كهربائي‬ ‫ رجال الكهنوت‬the clergy, the ministry
(ṭayyār) electric current; ‫جامَعة كهربائية‬ ‫ كهنوتي‬kahanūtī priestly, sacerdotal,
storage battery, secondary battery, ministerial, clerical, ecclesiastic(al)
accumulator; ‫( مَصباح كهربائي‬miṣbāḥ)
electric lamp, lightbulb; ‫علج كهربائي‬ ‫ مَكهن‬makhan (place of an) oracle
diathermy; ‫ عالم كهربائي‬electrophysicist; ‫ تكهن‬takahhun pl. -āt prediction,
‫( مَغنطيس كهربائي‬magnaṭīs) electromagnet; prophecy; conjecture, surmise
‫ مَغنطيسية كهربائية‬electromagnetism; ‫نور‬
‫( كهربائي‬nūr) electric light ‫ كاهن‬kāhin pl. ‫ كهان‬kuhhān, ‫ كهنة‬kahana
diviner, soothsayer, prognosticator,
‫ كهربائية‬kahrabā’īya and ‫كهربية‬ fortuneteller; priest ‫ رئيس الكهنة‬and ‫كبير‬
kahrabīya electricity ‫ الكهنة‬high priest
‫ مَتكهن‬mutakahhin diviner, soothsayer, almost ... │ ‫ كاد يموت‬he almost died; ‫كدت‬
prognosticator, fortuneteller ‫ اذهب‬kidtu adhabu I almost went; ‫يكاد يكون‬
2 ‫( في حكم العدم‬ḥukmi l-’adam) it is almost as
‫ كهنة‬kuhna rags, shreds, scrap, junk; ragged,
good as nonexistent; (with neg.
tattered
corresponding to Engl. “hardly, scarcely,
‫ كهنجي‬kuhnajī ragman, rag picker barely; no sooner ..., as soon as ...”:) ‫مَا كاد‬
‫ كهاية‬kihāya administrative district in Tunisia ‫ يقوم‬no sooner had he got up ...; ‫لَ تكاد ترى‬
(tarā) you will hardly ever see, or, you
‫ كاهية‬kāhiya pl. ‫ كواه‬kawāhin chief barely see, or, the moment you see …; ‫لم‬
officer of a ‫ ;كهاية‬deputy, vice-, under-, ‫ يكد يراها‬lam yakad yarāhā no sooner had
sub- (Tun.) he seen her, the moment he saw her; ‫لم يكد‬
‫ كوة‬kūwa pl. -āt, ‫ كوى‬kuwan, ‫ كواء‬kiwā’ ‫ – حتى‬and ‫ حتى‬-- ‫ مَا كاد‬no sooner – than, as
aperture; small window, attic window, soon as he -- he ..., the moment he – he …
skylight; peephole 844 ‫ كاد‬kād: ‫ بالكاد‬almost, nearly; see also
‫ كواليني‬kawālīnī pl. -ya locksmith alphabetically
2
‫ كوب‬kūb pl. ‫ اكواب‬akwāb drinking glass, ‫ كود‬II to heap up, pile up (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
tumbler, (ir.) cup ‫ كودة‬kauda pl. ‫ اكواد‬akwād heap, pile
‫ كوبة‬kūba drinking glass, tumbler; 3
‫( كودية زار‬eg.) kudyit zār woman leader of the
hearts (in a deck of cards) Zar ritual
‫( كوبرته‬It. coperta) kūbarta deck (of a ship) 1
‫ كور‬II to roll, roll up, coil, roll into a ball (‫هـ‬
‫( كوبري‬Turk. köprü) kūbrī pl. □ ‫ كباري‬kabārī s.th.), to wind (‫ هـ‬the turban); to make
bridge (eg.) round, ball-shaped (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to clench (
‫ قبضته‬qabḍatahū one’s list) V to become
‫( كوبنهاج‬Fr. Copenhague) Copenhagen round, be or become ball-shaped, globular,
‫ كوبنهاجن‬kōbinhāgin Copenhagen spherical, to curl up (in a lying position);
to conglomerate, form or gather into a ball
‫( كوبيا‬It. copia) kōbiyā copy │ ‫ قلم كوبيا‬qalam k.
copying pencil, indelible pencil ‫ كور‬kūr pl. ‫ اكوار‬akwār, ‫ اكور‬akwur, ‫كيرا‬
‫ ن‬kīrān camel saddle; forge, furnace,
‫( كوبيل‬Engl. cobble) cobbled pavement,
smelting furnace, bellows
cobblestones
‫ كورة‬kūra pl. ‫ كور‬kuwar district, rural
‫( كوبيه‬It. copia) kōbiya copy
district, small town, village, ball (= ‫)كرة‬
‫ الكويت‬al-kuwait Kuwait
‫ كورى‬see below, alphabetically
2
‫( كوتر‬Engl. cutter) kōtar pl. ‫ كواتر‬kawātir (eg.)
‫ كوارة‬kuwāra pl. ‫ كوائر‬kawā’ir2 beehive
cutter, yawl
‫ كوروي‬kūrawī ball-shaped, globular,
‫ كوثة‬kauta fertility; abundance, profusion
spherical
‫ كوثر‬kautar much, ample, abundant, plentiful,
‫ مَكور‬mikwar and ‫ مَكورة‬mikwara turban
large quantity; ‫ الكوثر‬al-kautar name of a
river in Paradise ‫ مَكور‬mukawwar ball-shaped, globular,
round
‫ كوثل‬kautal stern (of a ship)
2
‫ كار‬look up alphabetically
‫ مَكوجي‬see 1 ‫كوى‬
2 ‫ بالكورجة‬bi-l-kauraja in the bulk, wholesale, in
‫ كوخ‬kūk pl. ‫ اكواخ‬akwāk hut
the lump
2
‫ كاخية‬look up alphabetically
‫( كوردون‬Fr. cordon) kordōn pl. -āt cordon;
1 st
(‫ كاد )كود‬kāda (1 pers. perf. kidtu) imperf. ‫يكاد‬ ribbon, braid, lace, trimming 845
yakādu to be on the point (‫ ان‬of doing
‫( كورس‬Engl.) kōras chorus (also fig.); choir
s.th.), be about (‫ ان‬to do s.th.), (with
imperf.) it wouldn’t have taken much ‫( كورسيه‬Fr. corset) korsēh pl. ‫كورسيهات‬
more ..., he (it) all but ..., he (would have) korsēhāt corset
‫ كوريك‬,‫( كورك‬Turk. kürek) kūrēk forced labor ‫ كوكبي‬kaukabī star-shaped, stelliform,
(eg.) starlike, stellular, stellate, stellar; starry,
starred; astral
‫( كورنيش‬Fr. corniche) see ‫كرنيش‬
‫ كوكتيل‬koktēl cocktail
‫ كورريا‬kōriyā Korea
‫ كولان‬kaulān, kūlān papyrus (Cyperus papyrus;
‫ كوري‬kōrī Korean
bot.)
‫ كوريك‬see ‫ كريك‬and ‫كورك‬
‫ كولومَبو‬kolombō Colombo (capital of Ceylon)
‫ كوز‬kūz pl. ‫ اكواز‬akwāz, ‫ كيزان‬kīzān small jug of
‫ كولومَبيا‬kolombiyā Colombia
clay or tin; mug, tankard │ ‫ كوز الذرة‬k. ad-
dura (eg.) corncob ‫ كولونيا‬kolōniyā Cologne; Eau de Cologne
1
‫ كوس‬kūs pl. -āt small drum ‫( كوليرا‬Fr. choléra) kōlīrā cholera
2
‫ كاس‬kās pl. ‫ اكواس‬akwās = ‫كأس‬ ‫ كوليس‬kūlīs pl. ‫ كواليس‬kawālīs2 side scene,
3 coulisse, backdrop │ ‫ وراء الكواليس‬behind
‫ كويس‬kuwayyis (eg.) nice, fine, pretty, comely,
the scene, backstage (also fig.)
handsome, beautiful
‫ كوالين‬pl. of ‫كالون‬, which see (alphabetically); ‫كو‬
‫ اكوس‬akwas2 more beautiful, prettier,
‫ اليني‬ibid.
nicer
‫ كوم‬II to heap, pile up, stack up (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to
‫ كوسا‬or ‫ كوسى‬kūsā (coll.; n. un. ‫ كوساة‬kūsāh, □
be piled up; to pile up; to accumulate; to
‫ كوساية‬kūsāya) (eg., syr.) zucchini; see also
sink to the ground, crumple, collapse in a
under ‫كيس‬
heap
‫ كوسج‬kausaj swordfish (Xiphias gladius)
‫ كوم‬kaum pl. ‫ اكوام‬akwām, ‫ كيمان‬kīmān
‫ كوشة‬kūša pl. ‫ كوش‬kuwaš kiln (specif., heap, pile; hill; pl. ‫ كيمان‬kīmān esp.
limekiln) garbage piles, refuse dump
‫ كوع‬kū’ and ‫ كاع‬kā’ pl. ‫ اكواع‬akwā’, ‫ كيعان‬kī’ān ‫ كومَة‬kauma, kūma pl. -āt, ‫ كوم‬kuwam,
projecting carpal end of the radius, ‫ اكوام‬akwām heap, pile; mass │ ‫كومَة الحطب‬
wristbone; elbow (anat.); kū’ elbow, k. al-ḥaṭab pyre, stake
angle, bend (of a pipe); curve, turn, bend
‫ كومَاندان‬kom6ndan commBndant, commander
(of a road) │ ‫ كوع الماسورة‬kneepiece or
846
elbow of a pipe; ‫لَ يعرف الكوع مَن البوع‬
(ya’rifu) he doesn’t know his knee from ‫ كومَساري‬see ‫كمساري‬
his elbow (proverbially of a stupid person) ‫ كومَسيوجي‬kūmisyōjī commission merchant
‫ كوف‬V to band together, throng together, ‫( كومَودينو‬It. coomidino) komudīnū bedside
gather in a crowd table
‫ الكوفة‬al-kūfa Kufa (town in Iraq) ‫ كومَيديا‬kōmīdiyā comedy
‫ كوفي‬kūfī Kufic; Kufic writing; ‫الكوفيون‬ 1
(‫ كان )كون‬kāna u (kaun, ‫ كيان‬kiyān, ‫كينونة‬
the Kufic (school of) grammarians kainīna) to be; to exist; to happen, occur,
‫ كوفية‬kūfīya pl. -āt kaffiyeh, square take place; with acc. of the predicate: to
kerchief diagonally folded and worn under be s.th.; with foll. perf. denoting the
the ‘iqāl as a headdress pluperfect; with foll. imperf. expressing
duration in the past = Engl. progressive
‫( كوك‬Engl.) kōk coke
past: was doing (often corresponding to
‫ كوكب‬kaukab pl. ‫ كواكب‬kawākib2 star (also, fig., Engl. “used to ...”, “would ...”); with ‫ل‬: to
of screen, stage, etc.); leucoma, white belong to, be one’s own (‫ كان له بيت‬he had
opacity in the cornea of the eye │ ‫كوكب‬ or owned a house); with ‫ ل‬and s.th.: to be
‫( سينمائي‬sīnamā’ī) film star the right man for, be qualified for; with
‫ كوكبة‬kaukaba star; group, troop, party; ‫مَن‬: to belong to, pertain to; with ‫على‬: to be
(pl. ‫ كواكب‬kawākib2) (Syr.; mil.) squadron incumbent on, be the duty of; with ‫الى‬: to
(of armored units, of cavalry) be assigned to, be the lot or share of, be
left to, be due (s.o.) │ ‫ مَا يكون‬foll. the book); locality, locale; seat, place (e.g., in
elative: ‫( على اتم مَا يكون‬atammi) in the moat a railroad compartment); position,
perfect manner conceivable, as perfect(ly) standing, rank, dignity; importance,
as possible; ‫اقوالهم اقرب مَا تكون الى الصواب‬ consequence, weight; space (philos.);
(ṣawāb) what they said came quite close presence; situation, conditions,
to the truth: ‫( لم يكن ل‬lam yakun) or ‫مَا كان ل‬ circumstances; ‫ مَكان‬makāna in the place
(with foll. subjunctive) he is (or was) not of, in lieu of, instead of │ ‫ لو كنت مَكانك‬lau
the right man for, he was not capable of, kuntu makānaka if I were in your place, if
he was not in a position to ...; it is (or was) I were you; ‫ مَكانه‬makānahū on the spot, at
not apt to ...; ‫( لم يكن ليصعب عليه ان‬li- once; ‫ مَكانك‬makānak stop! ‫في كل مَكان‬
yaṣ’uba) it wouldn’t have been difficult everywhere; ‫( اخلى مَكانا‬aklā) to make
for him to …, there was no reason why he room; ‫( احتل مَكانا مَكينا‬ihtalla) to have or
couldn’t have ...; ‫( مَا كان مَنه الَ ان‬or ‫)لم يكن‬ hold a strong, powerful position; ‫هو مَن‬
(illā an) he had no other choice but to ..., ‫( الشجاعة بمكان‬šajā‘a) he is 847 extremely
there was nothing for him to do but to ...; brave; ‫( ذلك مَن الهمية بمكان‬ahammīyah) that
he did no more than ...; ‫ مَا كان له ان‬it is (or is of considerable importance; ‫هاته النظرية‬
was) impossible for him to ...; he is (or ‫( مَن الضعف بمكان‬naẓarīya, ḍu‘f) this theory
was) unable to ...; ‫ اصبح في خبر كان‬aṣbaḥa is rather weak; ‫( مَكان الشيء مَن نفسه‬nafsihī)
fī kabari k. to disappear, become dated, the importance of s.th. for s.o., the place
belong to the past; ‫ كان وكان‬a popular form that s.th. has in s.o.’s mind; ‫ مَكان الحديث‬site
of poem consisting of quatrains II to of action, scene of the crime, locus delicti;
make, create, produce, originate, bring ‫ ظرف المكان‬ẓarf al-m. adverb of place
forth, bring into being, form, shape, (gram.); ‫( امَاكن وعرة‬wa‘ra) difficult
fashion (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be created, be terrain, rugged country
formed; to come into existence, form, ‫ مَكانة‬makāna pl. -āt place; location,
arise, develop; to consist, be composed, be situation; position, office; standing,
made up (‫ مَن‬of), be formed (‫ مَن‬by) X to authority, influence, rank, dignity │ ‫مَكانة‬
become lowly, humble, miserable; to ‫ الصدر‬m. aṣ-ṣadr first place, precedence,
submit, yield, surrender, humble o.s., priority
abase o.s., eat humble pie; to abandon o.s.,
give o.s. over (‫ الى‬to s.th.) ‫ مَكاني‬makānī local
‫ كون‬kaun pl. ‫ اكوان‬akwān being, esse; ‫ مَكانية‬makānīya spatiality (philos.)
existence; event, occurrence, incident; ‫ تكوين‬takwīn forming, shaping,
‫ الكون‬the existent, the existing, reality; the formation, creation, origination; (pl. ‫تكاوين‬
world; the cosmos, the universe │ ‫الكون‬ takāwīn2) formation (of rock; geol.) │
‫( العلى‬a‘lā) the Supreme Being, God; with ‫ جميل التكوين‬well-shaped, shapely; ‫سفر‬
foll. genit. or suffix of the logical subject ‫ التكوين‬sifr at-t. the Genesis
and acc. of the predicate: the fact that s.o.
or s.th. is ..., ‫ لكونه مَجنونا‬li-kaunihī ‫ تكون‬takawwun genesis, birth, nascency,
majnūnan because he is mad, ‫مَع كونه مَجنونا‬ origin, incipience, rise, development;
although he is mad formation
‫ كوني‬kaunī of or relating to the universe ‫ استكانة‬istikāna yielding, submission,
or cosmos, universal, cosmic, cosmo- (in resignation, passivity
compounds) │ O ‫( الشعة الكونية‬aši‘‘a) ‫ كائن‬kā’in being; existing, existent;
cosmic rays; ‫ نظام كوني‬cosmic system situated, located; a being, entity, creature,
‫ كيان‬kiyān being, esse; existence; creation; (pl. -āt) thing; s.th. existing, an
essence, substance; nature existent │ ‫( الكائن المطلق‬muṭlaq) the
Absolute Being, God; ‫ الكائنات‬the created
‫ اليكون‬al-yakūn the sum total things, the universe, the world; ‫كائنا مَن كان‬
‫ مَكان‬makān pl. ‫ امَكنة‬amkina, ‫امَاكن‬ (man) whoever it may be; ‫ كائنا مَا كان‬be it
amākin2 place where one is or stands; what it may, whatever it may be
place, site, spot, location; passage (in a
1
‫ مَكون‬mukawwin creator; -- mukawwan ‫ كيت‬kīt Indian dress material
made, created; consisting, composed, 2
‫ كيت وكيت‬kaita wa-kaita, kaiti wa-kaiti so and
made up (‫ مَن‬of), formed (‫ مَن‬by) so, such and such, thus and thus
‫ مَستكين‬mustakīn humiliated, oppressed, 1
(‫ كاد )كيد‬kāda i (kaid, ‫ مَكيدة‬makīda) to deceive,
resigned, submissive dupe, outwit (‫ ه‬s.o.); to harm by artful
2
‫ كيوان‬look up alphabetically machinations (‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.), lay snares (‫ل‬
for s.o.), plot s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬downfall, conspire
‫( كونتراتو‬It. contratto) kontrātō agreement,
(‫ ل‬against s.o.) III to deceive, dupe, outwit
accord, treaty, contract
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to seek to double-cross (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫( كونكرداتو‬It. concordato) konkurdātō
‫ كيد‬kaid pl. ‫ كياد‬kiyād ruse, artifice,
settlement, composition (between debtor
stratagem; craftiness, slyness, cunning,
and creditors)
subtlety; deception, deceit; artful plot;
‫ كونياك‬konyāk cognac trick, dodge
□ ‫ مَكوه‬for ‫ مَكوى‬see 1‫كوى‬ ‫ مَكيدة‬makīda pl. ‫ مَكايد‬makāyid2 ruse,
1
‫ كوى‬kawā i (‫ كي‬kayy) to burn (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to sear artifice, trick; smart action, clever
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cauterize, treat with a cautery approach, shrewd policy; stratagem; plot,
(‫ ه‬s.o.; med.); to brand (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bite, burn conspiracy, machinations, schemes,
(acid); to sting (scorpion); to press, iron ( intrigues
‫ هـ‬laundry, and the like) VIII to be burned, 2
‫ كاد‬look up alphabetically
be seared; to be cauterized; to be pressed,
‫ كير‬kīr pl. ‫ اكيار‬akyār, ‫ كيران‬kīrān bellows
be ironed; to burn o.s., burn one’s skin
‫( كيروسين‬Engl.) kirūsīn kerosene
‫ كي‬kayy burning; cauterization, cautery;
pressing, ironing │ ‫ حجر الكي‬ḥajar al-k. (‫ كاس )كيس‬kāsa i (kais, ‫ كياسة‬kiyāsa) to be
lunar caustic, silver nitrate; O ‫الكي الكهربائي‬ smart, clever, intelligent; to be nice, fine,
(kahrabā’ī) diathermy pretty, comely, handsome, attractive, chic
II to refine, make elegant
‫ كية‬kayya a burn, a brand
‫ كيس‬kais smartness, cleverness,
‫ كواء‬kawwā’ slanderer, calumniator;
intelligence; subtlety, finesse,
ironer, presser
gracefulness, elegance
‫ كواية‬kawwāya ironing woman, ironer
‫ كيس‬kais m. and f., pl. ‫ اكياس‬akyās, ‫كيسة‬
‫ كوية‬kawīya (syr.) press, crease (in kiyasa, sack; bag; pouch; purse; Turkish
trousers) towel │ ‫ كيس الوسادة‬pillowcase, pillow slip;
‫ مَكواة‬mikwāh and ‫ مَكوى‬makwan pl. ‫مَكاو‬ ‫ كيس الصفراء‬k. aṣ-ṣafrā’ gall, bile; ‫على كيسه‬
makāwin flatiron; hot iron (for at his expense
cauterizing), cautery (med.) │ ‫مَكواة الشعر‬ ‫ كيس‬kayyis pl. ‫ اكياس‬akyās, ‫ كيسى‬kaisā,
m. aš-ša‘r curling iron f. ‫ كيسة‬kayyisa, pl. ‫ كياس‬kiyās sly, smart,
‫ مَكوى‬makwan ironing establishment astute, shrewd, sagacious; adroit,
dexterous, skillful; nice, fine, elegant,
□ ‫ مَكوجي‬makwajī ironer, presser; stylish, chic, attractive, comely, pretty,
laundryman handsome
‫ كاو‬kāwin caustic ‫ كياسة‬kiyāsa adroitness, dexterity, skill;
2
‫ كوى‬kuwan see ‫كوة‬ cleverness, smartness, astuteness,
1
shrewdness, slyness, sagacity, subtlety,
‫ كي‬kai, ‫ لكي‬li-kai so that, in order that, in order finesse; courtesy, civility, politeness;
to │ َ‫ كي ل‬and َ‫ لكي ل‬in order not to, lest gracefulness, grace; elegance, chic,
848 stylishness
‫ كيما‬kai-mā, ‫ لكيما‬li-kai-mā that, so that, ‫ اكيس‬akyas2, f. ‫ كيسى‬kīsā and ‫ كوسى‬kūsā,
in order that, in order to pl. ‫ كيس‬kīs smarter, slier; more skillful;
2
‫ كي‬kayy and ‫ كية‬kayya see 1 ‫كوى‬ more stylish, more chic, nicer
‫ مَكيس‬mukayyis and □ ‫مَكيساتي‬ ‫ تكيف‬takayyuf adaptation, adjustment,
mukayyisātī (eg.) bath attendant, masseur conformity
‫ مَكيس‬mukayyas shrewd, subtle, astute, ‫ مَكيفة‬mukayyifa, ‫ مَكيفة الهواء‬m. al-hawā’
smart, sly pl. -āt air-conditioning installation, air
conditioner
‫ كيف‬II to form, shape, fashion, mold (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to fit, condition, modify, conform, adjust, ‫ مَكيفات‬mukayyifāt narcotics, opiates
adapt (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ نفسه‬o.s.); to regulate (‫هـ‬ 1
‫ كيكة‬kaika pl. ‫ كياكي‬kayākī egg
s.th.); to put in high spirits, exhilarate,
2
amuse, delight (‫ هـ‬s.o.); to intoxicate ‫ كيكة‬kīka, ‫ كيكا‬kīkā (eg.) hide-and-seek
slightly, dope, stupefy (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a (‫ كال )كيل‬kāla i (kail, ‫ مَكال‬makāl, ‫ مَكيل‬makīl) to
narcotic) Y to be shaped, be formed; to measure (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to weigh (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
assume a form, take on a shape; to adapt compare by measuring (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with),
o.s., adjust o.s., conform; to be in high measure s.th. (‫ )هـ‬by the standard of (‫;)ب‬
spirits, be cheerful, gay; to amuse o.s., to measure out, mete out, allot, apportion (
enjoy o.s., have a good time, have fun; to ‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to s.o.) │ ‫ كال له الشتائم‬to heap
revel; to be slightly intoxicated, be tipsy, abuse on s.o.; ‫( كال له اللطمات‬laṭamāt) to
fuddled; to smoke (tobacco, etc.) give s.o. a beating, spank, thrash s.o. II to
‫ كيف‬kaifa (interrogative and measure (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to return like for like,
exclamatory particle) how? how ...! │ ‫كيف‬ repay in kind (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫( حالك‬ḥāluka) how are you? ‫ كيف لَ و‬... why ‫ كيل‬kail pl. ‫ اكيال‬akyāl measure; dry
shouldn’t it be so since ...! ‫ فكيف ب‬just measure for grain; holding capacity
imagine how much more (or less) ...! and
how much more ...! and how much less ‫ كيلة‬kaila pl. -āt kilah, a dry measure
…! (Eg. = 16.72 l; Pal. = 361)
‫ كيفما‬kaifamā however, howsoever │ ‫كيف‬ ‫ كيلي‬kailī and ‫ مَكيل‬makīl
‫ ما كان الحال‬whatever the case may be, be (volumetrically) measurable,
that as it may; in any case, at any rate volumetric(al)
‫ كيف‬kaif state, condition; mood, humor, ‫ كيال‬kayyāl corn measurer; one who
state of mind, frame of mind; pleasure, metes out, who determines the right
delight, well-being, good humor, 849 high measure, muter, lord
spirits; discretion, option. will; (pl. ‫كيوف‬ ‫ مَكيال‬mikyāl pl. ‫ مَكاييل‬makāyīl2 and ‫مَكيل‬
kuyūf) narcotic, opiate │ ‫ على كيفك‬at your mikyal, ‫ مَكيلة‬mikyala pl. ‫ مَكايل‬makāyil2
discretion, as you please; as you wish, as measure; dry measure for grain │ ‫الموازين‬
you like; ‫ اصحاب الكيف‬bons vivants, ‫ والمكاييل‬the weights and measures
epicures
‫ كيلو‬kīlō and ‫ كيلوجرام‬kilogrām pl. -āt kilogram
‫ كيفي‬kaifī arbitrary, discretionary,
optional; qualitative ‫( كيلوسيكل‬Fr. kilocycle) kīlōsikl pl. -āt kilocycle
(radio)
‫ كيفية‬kaifīya manner, mode, fashion;
property, quality; nature, state, condition; ‫ كيلومَتر‬kīlōmitr pl. -āt kilometer
particulars, particular circumstances (e.g., ‫ كيلوواط‬kīlōwāṭ kilowatt
of an event) │ ‫ كيفية العمل‬k. al-‘amal
‫ كيلون = كالون‬look up alphabetically
operation (e.g., of a machine); ‫كيفية‬
‫ الَستعمال‬directions for use ‫ كيما‬kai-mā see 1‫كي‬
‫ تكييف‬takyīf forming, shaping, ‫ كيموس‬kaimūs gastric juice
fashioning; formation; a.daptation, ‫ كيمياء‬kīmiyā’ chemistry; alchemy │ ‫الكيمياء‬
adjustment, conditioning, modification; ‫( الَحيائية‬aḥyā’īya) biochemistry; ‫كيمياء التربة‬
regulation; descriptive designation, k. at-turba agricultural chemistry
qualification; air conditioning, = ‫تكييف‬
‫ الهواء‬t. al-hawā’ ‫ كيمي‬kīmī chemical
‫ كيميائي‬kīmiyā’ī, ‫ كيماوي‬kīmāwī by him, I read one of his books; ‫لَ تدوم له‬
chemical; -- (pl. -ūn) chemist; alchemist; ‫( حال‬tadūmu) no state is of any
permanence with him, he is never the
‫ كيماويات‬kīmāwīyāt chemicals
same for a very long time‫( قامَوا لمعاونتنا‬li-
(‫ كان )كين‬kāna i (kain) to humble o.s., abase mu’āwanatinā) they set out in our support;
o.s., eat humble pie, submit, resign o.s. X ‫ لسبع ليال خلون مَن شعبان‬li-sab’i layālin
do. kalauna min ša’bāna when seven nights
‫ كينا‬kīnā quinine │ ‫ خشب الكينا‬kašab al-k. of Shaban had passed; ‫ للمرة الولى‬li-l-
cinchona, china bark, Peruvian bark marrati l-ūlā for the first time; ‫ لول وهلة‬li-
awwali wahlatin at first sight, at once; ‫اخوه‬
‫ كينين‬kīnīn quinine ‫ لبيه وأمَه‬li-abīhi wa-ummihī his brother on
‫ كيهك‬kiyahk, kīhak the fourth month of the the paternal and maternal side, his brother-
Coptic year german, his full brother 2. (conj. with the
subjunctive) that, so that, in order that, in
‫ كيوان‬kaiwān the planet Saturn order to; (with apoc.) expressing an order.
‫( كيوبيد‬Engl.) kiyūbīd Cupid 850 an invitation: ‫ ليكتب‬li-yaktub he shall write,
let him write (with preceding ‫ و‬wa or ‫ ف‬fa
contracted to wal- ... or fal ... with elision
of the i)
‫ل‬ ‫ لجل‬li-ajli (with foll. genit.) because of,
on account of, for
‫ لن‬li-an (conj. with the subjunctive)
1
‫ ل‬la (intensifying particle) truly, verily; that, so that, in order that, in order to;
certainly, surely; frequently after ‫ ان‬inna, (with َ‫ لئل )ل‬li-allā in order not to, lest
introducing the predicate: ‫ان ربي لسميع الدعاء‬ ‫ لن‬li-anna (conj.) on the grounds that;
inna rabbī la-samī’ d-du’ā’ truly, my Lord because; for
hears the prayer; also as a correlative of ‫لو‬
lau and َ‫ لول‬lau-lā: ‫لو كنت تفعل هذا لكان انفع‬ ‫ لذلك‬li-dālika therefore, hence, that is
(la-kāna anfa’a) if you did this it would why, for that reason
be more useful; ‫ لولَ تاب لهلك‬lau-lā tāba la- ‫ لكي‬li-kai and ‫ لكيما‬li-kai-mā (conj. with
halaka if he had not repented he would the subjunctive) that, so that, in order that,
have perished; (particle of oath) ‫لعمرك‬ in order to
la-’amruka by your life!
2
‫ لما‬li-mā (shortened ‫ لم‬li-mā) why?
‫ ل‬li 1. (prep.) for; on behalf of, in wherefore? for what reason? ‫ لماذا‬li-mā-dā
favor of; to (of the dative); because of; for why (on earth)?
the sake of; due to, owing to; for, for the
purpose of; at the time of, when, as; by ‫ لهذا‬li-hādā therefore, hence, that is
(designating the author or originator); why, for that reason
occasionally substituting for ‫ ;الى‬as to ‫ل‬ َ‫ ل‬lā (particle) not, no! with apoc. expressing
paraphrasing the genit. and acc. see negative imperative: ‫ لَ تقل‬lā taqul don’t
grammar │ ‫ لي عليه مَال‬he owes me money; say! with indef. acc. expressing a general
‫ مَا له ومَا علبه‬his right and his duty; his negation; there is not, there is no ..., e.g., َ‫ل‬
credit and his debit, his assets and his ‫ اله الَ ا‬lā ilāha illa llāh there is no god
liabilities; ‫ له ان‬he has a right to ..., he is but Allah; ‫( لَ خير فيه‬kaira) there is no good
entitled to ..., he may ...; it is possible for in it, it’s no good; ‫( لَ بد مَنه‬budda) there is
him to ..., he is able to ..., he can ...; ‫ليس لي‬ no escape from it, it is inevitable; ‫ لَ جرم‬lā
‫ ان‬I have no right to ... , it does not jarama certainly, surely; 851 ‫ لَ شك‬lā
behoove me to ...; ‫ لك هذا‬or ‫ لك ذلك‬you can šakka no doubt, doubtless; ‫ لَ سيما‬lā
have that! it’s up to you; it’s all right with siyyamā especially. particularly; َ‫ ال‬a-lā
me! all right! O.K.! agreed! ‫ هل لك في‬or ‫الك‬ see ‫ أ; بل‬bi-lā without; َ‫ ول‬wa-lā (with
‫ في‬would you like ...? do you want ...? do preceding neg.) nor, ... either; not even,
you feel like ...? ‫ قرأت له كتابا‬I read a book also َ‫ حتى ول‬ḥattā wa-lā, e.g., ‫لم يعطني حتى‬
‫( ولَ قرشا‬lam yu‘ṭinī, qiršan) he did not ‫ لَزوردي‬lāzuwardī azure-blue, azure,
give me even a piaster, he did not give me sky-blue, cerulean
as much as a piaster; َ‫ لَ – ول‬neither -- nor ‫ لَزوردية‬lāzuwardīya azure, blue of the
‫ لَ ابالية‬lā-ubālīya indifferent attitude, sky
indifference ‫( لَسيه‬Fr. lacet) lāsēh lace, cord
‫ لَ أدرية‬lā-adrīya skepticism; 1
‫لأك‬IV to send as a messenger (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to)
agnosticism ‫ مَلك‬mal’ak and ‫ مَلك‬malak pl. ‫مَلئك‬
‫ الل أنا‬al-lā-anā the nonego (philos.) malā’ik2, ‫ مَلئكة‬malā’ika angel; messenger,
envoy
‫ لَ أنانية‬lā-anānīya selflessness,
unselfishness ‫ مَلئكي‬malā’ikī angelic(al); heavenly
2
‫ لَ جنسية‬lā-jinsīya statelessness, being ‫ لَئكي‬look up alphabetically
without nationality ‫ لَكن‬lākin, lākinna however, yet, but
‫ لَ ديني‬lā-dīnī antireligious, irreligious, ‫ لل‬la’la’a (‫ للة‬la’la’a) to shine, flash, glitter,
without religion glisten, sparkle, gleam, shimmer, glimmer,
‫ لَ دينية‬lā-dīnīya irreligion, godlessness beam, radiate; to wag (‫ بذنبه‬bi-danabihī the
tail) II tala’la’a to shine, glitter, glisten,
‫ لَ سامَي‬lā-sāmī anti-Semitic; anti-
sparkle, gleam, shimmer, glimmer, beam,
Semite
radiate
‫ لَ سامَية‬lā-sāmīya anti-Semitism
‫ للة‬la’la’a shine, glow, brightness,
‫ لَ سلكي‬lā-silkī wireless, radio (adj.); brilliancy, radiance, flash, glitter, twinkle
radio, broadcasting; radio message │ ‫اشارة‬
‫ للَء‬la’lā’ glitter, flash; light, glow,
‫( لَ سلكية‬išāra) radio message
gleam; perfect joy, unruffled gaiety; dealer
‫ اللشعور‬al-lā-šu‘ūr the unconscious, in pearls
unconscious mind, unconsciousness
‫ لؤلؤ‬lu’lu’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl.: ‫ للي‬la’ālī2
‫ لَشعوري‬lā-šu‘ūrī unconscious, unaware pearls │ ‫ زهر اللؤلؤ‬zahr al-l. daisy; ‫عرق‬
‫ لَ شيء‬lā-šai’ nothing, nonentity, nil ‫‘ اللؤلؤ‬irq al-l. mother-of-pearl, nacre

‫ لَ شيئية‬lā-šai’īya nonexistence, ‫ لؤلؤى‬lu’lu’ī pearly; pearl-colored,


nothingness; nullity, nihility whitish │ ‫ شعير لؤلؤي‬pearl barley 852

‫ لَمَبالَة‬lā-mubālāh and ‫ لَمَبالية‬lā- ‫ تللؤ‬tala’lu’ shining, radiance,


mubālīya indifferent attitude, indifference brilliancy

‫ لَمَركزية‬lā-markazīya decentralization ‫ مَتللئ‬mutala’li’ shimmering, glistening,


glittering, flashing, sparkling
‫ لَمَسؤولية‬lā-mas’ūlīya irresponsibility
‫ لم‬la’ama a (la’m) to dress, bandage (‫ هـ‬a
‫ لَ نظام‬lā-niẓām lack of system, wound); to repair, mend (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
confusion solder, weld; -- ‫ لؤم‬la’uma (lu’m, ‫لمَة‬
‫ اللنهاية‬al-lā-nihāya the infinite la’āma, ‫ مَلمَة‬mal’ama) to be ignoble,
lowly (of character and birth); to be base,
‫ لَنهائي‬lā-nihā’ī infinite mean, vile, evil, wicked III to agree (‫ه‬
‫ اللتين‬al-lātīn the (ancient) Latins with s.o.); to suit, fit (garment; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to
be adequate, appropriate (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), be
‫ لَتيني‬lātīnī Latin │ ‫( الحي اللتيني‬ḥayy)
suitable, fit, proper, convenient, favorable,
the “Quartier latin” (in Paris)
propitious (‫ هـ‬for s.th.); to be adapted (‫هـ‬
‫ اللتينية‬al-lātīnīya the Latin language, to), be in harmony (‫ هـ‬with), match (‫هـ‬
Latin s.th.); to agree (climate, food; ‫ ه‬with s.o.),
‫ لَدن‬lādan, lādin laudanum be wholesome (climate, air, food; ‫ ه‬for
s.o.); to bring about a reconciliation, make
‫ لَزورد‬lāzuward, lāzaward lapis lazuli; azure peace (‫ بين‬between), reconcile (‫ بين – و‬s.o.
with); to make consistent or congruous, ‫ لَهوت‬lāhūt godhead, deity; divine nature,
reconcile, harmonize, bring into harmony divinity │ ‫‘ علم اللهوت‬ilm al-l. theology
(‫ بين‬different things) IV to act ignobly, ‫ لَهوتي‬lāhūtī theological; theologian
behave shabbily VI to be mended, be
repaired, be corrected; to go well (‫مَع‬ ‫ اللهوتية‬al-lāhūtīya theology
with); to act meanly VIII to be mended, be ‫ لَهور‬lāhūr2 Lahore (city in W Pakistan)
repaired, be corrected; to be joined, be
connected, be patched up, be soldered, be ‫ لواء‬la’wā’ 2 severe distress, hardship
welded; to match, fit together, harmonize, ‫ لي‬la’y slowness, tardiness; tediousness,
be in harmony, agree, go together, be tiresomeness │ ‫ بعد لي‬after great
congruous, conformable, consistent; to be difficulties, in the end, finally, after all
tuned or geared to each other (fig.); to
unite, combine; to cohere, stick together; ‫( لَئكي‬from Fr. laïque) lā’ikī layman; secular,
to heal, close (wound); to gather, laic, lay
assemble, convene (persons); to meet ‫ لَئكية‬lā’ikīya laicism 853
(committee, congress, council, etc.)
‫ لب‬labba u (labb) to remain, abide, stay
‫ لم‬la’m dressing, bandaging (of a (‫ ب‬in a place); -- (1st pers. perf. labibtu) a
wound); joining, junction, connection; (‫ لبب‬labab) and (1st pers. perf. labubtu) u (
repair ‫ لبابة‬labāba) to be sensible, reasonable,
‫ لؤم‬lu’m ignoble mind, baseness, intelligent II to kernel, ripen into kernels,
meanness, vileness, wickedness; produce kernels (grain, nuts) V to gird o.s.
niggardliness, miserliness; sordidness; prepare o.s. (‫ ل‬for)
iniquity ‫ لب‬lubb pl. ‫ لبوب‬lubūb kernels, core (of
‫ لئم‬li’m peace; concord, agreement, fruits); the innermost, marrow, pith; core,
union, unity, unanimity; conformity, gist, essence; prime, best part; -- (pl. ‫الباب‬
consistency, harmony albāb) heart; mind, intellect, reason,
understanding
‫ لأمَة‬la’ma cuirass, pair of cuirasses
‫ لبة‬labba pl. -āt upper part of the chest;
‫ لئيم‬la’īm pl. ‫ لئام‬li’ām, ‫ لؤمَاء‬lu’amā’, ‫لؤمَا‬ throat of an animal, spot where its throat
‫ ن‬lu’mān, ignoble, lowly, low, base, mean, is slit in slaughtering
evil, vile, wicked, depraved; sordid, filthy,
dirty; niggardly, miserly ‫ لبة‬libba (eg.) golden necklace

‫ مَلاءمَة‬mulā’ama adequacy, ‫ لبب‬labab pl. ‫ الباب‬albāb upper part of


appropriateness, properness, suitability, the chest; throat of an animal, spot where
fitness; peacemaking, (re)conciliation; its throat is slit in slaughtering; breast
concord, union, agreement, harmony collar (of a horse’s harness); martingale

‫ مَلئم‬mulā’im adapted, suited, ‫ لباب‬lubāb marrow, pith, core,


appropriate (‫ ل‬to), suitable, fit, proper, quintessence, gist, prime, beet part │ ‫لباب‬
convenient, favorable, propitious (‫ ل‬for); ‫ الخشب‬l. kašab cellulose
agreeing, harmonizing, in conformity, ‫ لبيب‬labīb pl. ‫ الباء‬alibbā’ understanding,
consistent (‫ ل‬with) reasonable, sensible, intelligent
‫ لام‬lām name of the letter ‫ل‬ ‫ تلبيب‬talbīb pl. ‫ تلابيب‬talābīb2 collar │ ‫اخذ‬
‫ لامَي‬lāmī lām-shaped, resembling the ‫ بتلابيبه‬to collar s.o., seize s.o. by the collar
letter ‫ل‬ ‫ لبؤة‬labu’a pl. -āt lioness
‫ لَمَا‬lāmā llama (zool.) ‫ لبتة‬labta carp (zool.)
‫( لَنش‬Engl.) lanš pl. -āt launch, motorboat, ‫ لبث‬labita a (labt, lubt, labat, ‫ لباث‬lubāt) to
small steamer hesitate, tarry, linger; to abide, remain,
‫ لَهاي‬lāhāy The Hague (city in SW stay (‫ ب‬in a place); (with imperf.) to
Netherlands) persist in an activity, keep doing s.th. │ ‫مَا‬
(‫ لبث )لم يلبث( أن )حتى‬it did not take long ‫ مَلبد‬mulabbad: ‫( مَلبد بالغيوم‬bi-l-guyūm)
before he …, presently he ..., he lost no overcast, heavily clouded (sky)
time in …; ‫ لبث يفعله‬he did it for a while V ‫ مَتلبد‬mutalabbid: ‫ مَتلبد بالغيوم‬overcast,
to hesitate, tarry, linger; to abide, remain, heavily clouded (sky)
stay
‫ لبس‬labisa a (lubs) to put on, wear (‫ هـ‬a dress,
‫ لبث‬labt, lubt, labat hesitation, tarrying, garment); to dress (‫ هـ‬in), clothe o.s. garb
delay; stay, sojourn o.s. (‫ هـ‬in or with) II to dress (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. in),
‫ لبثة‬lubta short delay, brief respite; clothe, garb, attire (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. with); to cover,
pause; temporary stay or stop, stopover envelop, overlay, coat (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with.
layer); to drape, line, face, case (‫ ب هـ‬s.th.
‫ لبخ‬labk, labak (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a variety of
with); to inlay (e.g., wood with ivory); to
acacia (Mimosa lebbec L.), also lebbek
suffuse (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., pallor), seize (‫ ه‬s.o.,
tree (Albizzia lebbek Bth.; bot.)
e.g., so tremor); to make obscure, unclear,
‫ لبخة‬labka pl. labakāt cataplasm, abstruse, involved, complicated (‫على هـ‬
poultice; soft mass, mush; emollient s.th. for s.o.); to deceive, dupe (‫ على‬s.o.)
plaster, emollient III to be on intimate terms, associate
‫ لبيخ‬labīk fleshy, corpulent closely, hobnob (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to be in close
contact (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with s.o., with s.th.); to
‫ لبد‬labada u (‫ لبد‬lubūd) to stick, adhere, cling ( surround (‫ ه‬s.o.; environment, milieu,
‫ ب‬to s.th.), get stuck (‫ ب‬on); to abide, conditions) IV to dress (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. in), clothe,
remain, stay (‫ ب‬in a place) II to cause to garb, attire (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. with); to drape,
adhere and mat together, to felt, mat (‫هـ‬ envelop, coat, overlay, cover, face, line,
wool); to line with felt (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to beat case (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to dress, get dressed (‫ب‬
down, weigh down (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., the hail in), clothe o.s. (‫ ب‬in or with); to be
-- grass); to full (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to cling dressed, clad, attired; to be covered (‫ب‬
firmly, adhere, stick (‫ ب‬to s.th.) V do.; to with), be enveloped, wrapped (‫ ب‬in); to
stick together; to become felted, matted, get involved (‫ ب‬in s.th.), be drown (‫ ب‬into
entangled, interwoven; to be compressed; s.th.); to meddle, bother (‫ ب‬with), go into
to become clouded; to become overcast ( s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to be obscure, incomprehensible,
‫ بالغيوم‬with clouds; sky); to become dubious, equivocal, ambiguous (‫ على‬for
gloomy (face) s.o.) VIII to be obscure, dubious,
‫ لبد‬libd pl. ‫ لبود‬lubūd, ‫ الباد‬albād felt │ ‫لبو‬ equivocal, ambiguous (‫ على‬for s.o.); to get
‫ د مَن الغمائم‬thick masses of clouds mixed up (‫ ب‬with); to mistake (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ب‬
for)
‫ لبد‬labad wool
‫ لبس‬labs, lubs and ‫ لبسة‬lubsa tangle,
‫ لبد‬labid coherent; compact muddle, confusion, intricacy, obscurity,
‫ لبد‬lubad the seventh vulture of Luqmān uncertainty, abstruseness, ambiguity │ ‫كان‬
(whose death ended Luqmān’s life; ‫ في لبس مَن امَره‬to be uncertain about s.o.; to
metaphor of longevity) have doubts about s.o.
‫ لبدة‬libda pl. ‫ لبد‬libad mane (of a lion); ‫ لبس‬libs pl. ‫ لبوس‬lubūs clothes, clothing,
(eg.) skullcap of felt, worn under or dress, apparel; costume
without a tarboosh; felt hat (of the ‫ لبسة‬libsa manner or style of dressing,
dervishes) costume
‫ لبدة‬lubda pl. ‫ لبد‬lubad matted and ‫ لباس‬libās pl. -āl, ‫ البسة‬albisa clothes,
pressed wool or hair, felt clothing; costume; apparel; garment, robe,
‫ لباد‬labbād feltmaker; felt dress; (eg., syr.) (men’s) drawers │ ‫لباس‬
‫ الرأس‬l. ar-ra’s headdress, headgear; ‫لباس‬
‫ لبادة‬lubbāda pl. -āt horse blanket,
‫ التقوى‬l. at-taqwā decency, modesty; ‫لباس‬
saddle blanket; -- (pl. ‫ لبابيد‬labābīd 2) felt
‫( رسمي‬rasmī) and ‫‘( لباس عسكري‬askarī)
cap 854
uniform; ‫ لباس السهرة‬l. as-sahra evening
gown, evening clothes, formal dress; ‫لباس‬
‫( وطني‬waṭanī) national costume; ‫البسة جاهزة‬ ‫ مَتلبس‬mutalabbis: ‫( مَتلبسا بالجريمة‬he was
ready-made clothes caught, and the like) redhanded, in the act,
flagrante delicto
‫ لبيس‬labīs worn; worn clothes,
secondhand clothes; Nile carp (Cyprinus ‫ مَلتبس‬multabis involved, intricate,
niloticus: zool.) ambiguous, equivocal; dubious, doubtful,
uncertain, unclear
‫ لبوس‬labūs clothing, clothes;
suppository (med.) │ ‫( لبوس رسمي‬rasmī) ‫ لبط‬labaṭa II (labṭ): ‫( لبط به الرض‬arḍ) to throw
uniform s.o. to the ground, fell s.o.; -- i to kick; to
gallop about (animal)
‫ مَلبس‬malbas pl. ‫ مَلبس‬malābis2 garment,
dress, robe, apparel, suit; pl. also: ‫ لبق‬labaqa II (‫ لباقة‬labāqa) to be clever, slick,
clothing, clothes, costume │ O ‫مَلبس الوقاية‬ adroit, skilled, skillful, versatile, suave,
protective clothes; ‫ مَلبس التشريفة‬dress elegant, have refined manners; -- labiqa a
uniform; ‫( مَلبس داخلية وخارجية‬dākilīya wa- (labaq) do.; to fit, suit, become (clothes; ‫ب‬
kārijīya) underwear and outer clothes; s.o.) II to fit, adapt, adjust (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫( مَلبس رسمية‬rasmīya) livery, uniform; O ‫ لبق‬labaq cleverness, smartness,
‫ مَلبس الميدان‬m. al-maidān field uniform; slyness, subtlety; skill, adroitness,
‫ مَحل الملبس‬maḥall al-m. ready-made- slickness, ingenuity; seemliness, propriety,
clothes store decency, decorum
‫ تلبيس‬talbīs clothing, dressing, garbing; ‫ لباقة‬labāqa cleverness, smartness,
draping, lining, facing, casing; overlaying, slyness, subtlety; skill, adroitness,
coating; wall facing, wall plaster, slickness, ingenuity; seemliness, propriety,
paneling; inlay work; deception, deceit, decency, decorum; elegance, refined
fraud manners, suavity, gracefulness
‫ تلبيسة‬talbīsa suppository (med.) ‫ لبق‬labiq clever, smart, sly, subtle; slick,
‫ مَلبسة‬mulābasa intercourse, intimate adroit, skilled, skillful, versatile; elegant,
association, close relations; ‫مَلبسات‬ suave, of refined manners; fitting, proper,
relations, connections; concomitants, becoming, seemly
accompanying phenomena; surrounding ‫ لبيق‬labīq clever, smart, sly, subtle;
conditions, environment skillful, adroit; elegant, suave, refined
‫ الباس‬ilbās clothing, dressing, garbing ‫ لبك‬labaka u (labk) and II to mix. Mingle,
‫ تلبس‬talabbus: ‫ قضايا التلبس‬qaḍāyā t-t. intermix (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to confuse, mix up,
(jur.) cases of “flagrante delicto”, criminal muddle, jumble (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- labika a, V
cases in which the perpetrator was caught and VIII to get confused, be thrown into
in the act disorder, be disarranged, become
disorganized
‫ التباس‬iltibās confusion, tangle,
intricacy, obscurity, ambiguity, ‫ لبك‬labk and ‫ لبكة‬labka mixture;
dubiousness, 855 doubt │ ‫ رفع الَلتباس‬raf‘ confusion, muddle, jumble
al-ilt. correction, rectification, ‫ لبيك‬see ‫لبي‬
clarification; ‫( احاط به الَلتباس‬aḥāṭa) to be
wrapped in obscurity, be completely ‫ لبلب‬lablaba to fondle, cares (‫ ب‬her child;
ambiguous mother)
‫ مَلبوس‬malbūs worn, used (clothes); ‫ لبلب‬lablab, lublub affectionate, tender
(eg.) possessed, in a state of frenzy or ‫ لبلاب‬lablāb English ivy (Hedera helix;
religious ecstasy; pl. ‫ مَلبوسات‬articles of bot.); (eg.) lablab, hyacynth bean
clothing, clothes (Dolichoe lablab; bot.)
‫ مَلبس‬mulabbas involved, intricate, ‫ لبلوب‬lablūb (eg.) pl. ‫ لباليب‬labālīb2
obscure, dubious; inlaid, coated, young shoot, sprout, vine
incrusted; sugar-coated, candied; (pl. -āt)
bonbon, candy; dragée ‫ لبن‬II to make brick VIII to suck milk
‫ لبن‬libn, labin (coll.) unburnt brick(s), request), carry out (‫ هـ‬an order) │ ‫لبى نداء‬
adobes ‫( ربه‬nidaā’a rabbihī) to be called away by
the Lord, pass away
‫ لبنة‬labina (n. un.) pl. -āt brick, adobe
‫ لبيك‬labbaika here I am! at your service!
‫ لبن‬laban pl. ‫ البان‬albān, ‫ لبان‬libān milk;
(syr.) leban, coagulated sour milk; pl. ‫البان‬ ‫ تلبية‬talbiya following, obeying,
dairy products, milk products │ ‫لبن الخض‬ observance, accedence, response,
l. al-kaḍḍ buttermilk; ‫ شرش اللبن‬širš al-l. compliance │ ‫( تلبية ل‬talbiyatan) in
whey; O ‫ مَيزان اللبن‬mīzān al-l. lactoscope; compliance with; ‫( تلبية لدعوته‬li-da‘watihī)
‫ فرع اللبان‬far‘ al-a. dairy department upon his invitation
‫ لبني‬labanī lactic, milk (adj.); milky, ‫ لبيريا‬libēriyā Liberia
milklike, lacteous, lacteal ‫ لت‬latta u (latt) to pound, bray, crush (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
‫ لبنية‬labanīya a dish prepared of milk to mix with water (‫ هـ‬flour); to knead (‫هـ‬
dough); to roll (‫ ب‬s.th. in), coat (‫ ب هـ‬s.th.
‫ لبنات‬labanāt lactate │ ‫ لبنات الجير‬l. al-jīr
with); (eg.) to prattle, chatter │ ‫لت وعجن في‬
calcium lactate
‫( مَسألة‬wa-‘ajana, mas’ala) not to tire of
‫ لبان‬labān breast raising a problem anew, discuss a question
‫ لبان‬lubān frankincense, olibanum │ ‫لبان‬ back and forth
‫( جاوي‬jāwī) benzoin; ‫ لبان ذكر‬dakar (eg.) ‫ لت‬latt (eg.) idle talk, prattle
olibanum, oriental frankincense (resin of
‫ لتات‬lattāt (eg.) prattler, chatterbox,
Boswellia carteri; bot.); ‫( لبان شامَي‬eg.) a
windbag
pitchy resin used as a depilatory 856
(resin of Pinus Brutia Ten.); ‫لبان العذراء‬ ‫ لتر‬litr pl. -āt liter
al-‘adrā’ magnesia, Epsom salts, bitter ‫( لتموس‬Engl.) litmūs litmus
salt
‫ لتوانيا‬lituwāniyā Lithuania
‫ لبان‬libān sucking, nursing; (eg.)
towline ‫ التي‬allatī see ‫( الذي‬alphabetically)
‫ لبان‬labbān brickmaker; milkman ‫ لثة‬see ‫لثو‬
‫ لبانة‬lubāna pl. -āt, ‫ لبان‬lubān wish, ‫ لثغ‬latiga a (latag) to pronounce defectively
desire, object, aim, goal, end; business, (esp. the lingual r), lisp (‫ ث‬for ‫لثغ │ )س‬
undertaking, enterprise ‫( بالسين‬sīn) to lisp the s
‫ لبانة‬libāna selling or production of milk ‫ لثغة‬lutga defective pronunciation,
products, dairy lisping
‫ لبنة‬labina, ‫ لبون‬labūn, ‫ لبونة‬labūna pl. ‫ الثغ‬altag2, f. ‫ لثغاء‬latgā’2, pl. ‫ لثغ‬lutg
‫ لبان‬libān, ‫ لبن‬lubn, lubun, ‫ لبائن‬labā’in having a speech defect, lisping
milk, giving milk │ ‫( حيوان لبون‬ḥayawān) ‫ لثم‬latama i (latm) to kiss (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to strike,
mammal hit, wound, injure (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to veil (‫ هـ‬the
‫ لبنى‬lubnā storax tree face) with the li/dm (q.v.); to veil, cover (
‫ هـ‬s.th.) V and VIII to veil one’s face; to
‫ لبنان‬lubnān2 Lebanon cover o.s., wrap o.s. up, muffle o.s.
‫ لبناني‬lubnānī Lebanese (pl. -ūn) a ‫ لثمة‬latma kiss
Lebanese
‫ لثام‬litām veil (covering the lower part
‫ مَلبن‬malban a sweet made of of the face to the eyes); cover, wrapping
cornstarch, sugar, mastic and pistachios
‫ مَلثم‬mutallam and ‫ مَتلثم‬mutalattim veiled
‫ مَلبنة‬malbana dairy
‫ لثة‬lita pl. -āt, ‫ لثى‬litan gums
‫ لبوة‬labwa pl. labawāt lioness
‫ لثوي‬litawī gingival, alveolar, of or
‫ لبى‬II to follow, obey (‫ هـ‬a call, an invitation), pertaining to the gums │ ‫ الحروف اللثوية‬the
respond, accede (‫ هـ‬to), comply (‫ هـ‬with a interdental sounde ‫ ذ‬,‫ ث‬and ‫( ;ظ‬phon.)
‫ لج‬lajja (1st pers. perf. lajijtu) a and (1st pers. ‫ لَجئ‬lāji’ one seeking refuge; refugee;
perf. lajajtu) i (‫ لجج‬lajaj, ‫ لجاج‬lajāj, ‫لجاجة‬ emigrant; inmate of an asylum
lajāja) to be stubborn, obstinate, ‫ مَلتجئ‬multaji’ one seeking refuge, a
unyielding, relentless; to persist, persevere refugee
(‫ في‬in); to insist (‫ في‬on); to continue (‫في‬
s.th.), keep doing s.th. (‫ ;)في‬to importune, ‫ لجب‬lajab noise, uproar, tumult; huge,
857 pester, trouble, bother, inconvenience boisterous army
(‫ على‬s.o.); to bear down (‫ ب‬on s.o.), hit ‫ لجب‬lajib uproarious, tumultuous, noisy,
hard, wear out, weaken, exhaust (‫ ب‬s.o., clamorous
e.g., battle), torment, harass (‫ ب‬s.o., e.g.,
hunger) III to argue or dispute obstinately ‫ لجلج‬lajlaja and II talajlaja to repeat words`in
(‫ ه‬with s.o.) VIII to be noisy, uproarious, speaking; to stammer, stutter
tumultuous; to roar, storm, rage ‫ لجلجة‬lajlaja stutter; stammering,
‫ لج‬lujj and ‫ لجة‬lujja pl. ‫ لجج‬lujaj, ‫لجاج‬ stammer
lijāj depth of the sea; gulf, abyss, chum, ‫ لجلج‬lajlāj stutterer, stammerer
depth
‫ مَلجلج‬mulajlaj constantly repeated,
‫ لجي‬lujjī fathomless, of tremendous reiterated
depth (sea)
‫ لجم‬lajama u (lajm) to sew (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II and IV
‫ لجة‬lajja clamor, din, noise, hubbub to bridle, rein in (‫ هـ‬a horse); to restrain,
‫ لجاجة‬lajāja stickling, disputatiousness; curb, hold down, silence (‫ ه‬s.o.); to put the
obstinacy, stubbornness; insistence, bridle (‫ ه‬on s.o.) VIII to be bridled, be
persistence curbed, be tamed, be harnessed (e.g.,
energies)
‫ لجوج‬lajūj and ‫ لَج‬lājj obstinate,
stubborn, unyielding, relentless, insistent, ‫ لجام‬liillm pl. ‫ الجمة‬aljima, ‫ لجم‬lujum
troublesome, importunate, obtrusive, bridle, rein
officious ‫ مَلجوم‬maljūm and ‫ مَلجم‬muljam bridled,
‫ لجأ‬laja’a a (‫ لجء‬laj’, ‫ لجوء‬lujū’) and ‫ لجئ‬laji’a curbed, harnessed
a (‫ لجأ‬laja’) to take refuge (‫ الى‬in), resort, ‫ لجن‬lajina a (lajn) to cling, adhere, stick (‫ ب‬to)
have recourse (‫ الى‬to), fall back (‫ الى‬on); to
seek information (‫ الى‬from), refer (‫ الى‬to) II ‫ لجنة‬lajna pl. -āt, ‫ لجان‬lijān, ‫ لجن‬lijan
to coerce, force, compel (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to) IV board, council, commission, committee │
do.; to shelter, protect, guard (‫ ه‬s.o.); to ‫ لجنة التحقيق‬investigating committee; ‫لجنة‬
entrust, commit (‫ امَره الى‬amrahū one’s ‫( ادارية‬idārīya) administrative board,
cause, one’s affairs to) VIII to flee (‫ الى‬to), committee of management; ‫لجنة الَمَتحان‬
take refuge (‫ الى‬in), resort, have recourse ( board of examiners, examination board;
‫ الى‬to) ‫ لجنة الَنضباط‬disciplinary board; ‫لجنة تنفيذية‬
(tanfīdīya) executive committee; ‫لجنة صلحية‬
‫ مَلجأ‬malja’ pl. ‫ مَلاجئ‬malāji’2 (place of) (ṣulḥīya) arbitration committee, board of
refuge, retreat; shelter; sanctuary, asylum; arbitration; ‫( لجنة فرعية‬far‘īya)
home; base; pillbox, bunker, dugout │ ‫مَلجأ‬ subcommittee; (‫( لجنة قارة )مَستديمة‬qārra,
‫ الطفال‬day nursery, nursery school, mustadīma) standing committee, 858
children’s home; ‫ مَلجأ اليتام‬orphanage; ‫مَلجأ‬ permanent committee; ‫ لجنة المراقبة‬l. al-
‫ الشيوخ‬home for the aged; ‫ مَلجأ العميان‬m. mūrāqaba board of directors
al-‘umyān institution for the blind; ‫مَلجأ‬
‫ العجزة‬m. al-‘ajaza infirmary; O ‫مَلجأ مَضاد‬ ‫ لجين‬lujain silver
‫( للغارات الجوية‬muḍādd, jawwīya) air-raid ‫ لجيني‬lujainī silvery
shelter
‫ لح‬laḥḥa (laḥḥ) to be close
‫ التجاء‬iltijā’ resorting, recourse (‫ الى‬to), (relationship) IV to implore, beseech,
seeking refuge (‫ الى‬in, with) request with urgency; to insist (‫ في‬on); to
be‫س‬et, importune, pester, harass (‫ على‬s.o.);
to urge, press (‫ ب‬or ‫ في على‬s.o. to do s.th.)
‫ لحح‬laḥiḥ and ‫ لاح‬close, narrow make the remark (‫ ان‬that); to consider,
bear in mind, observe, heed, take into
‫ لحوح‬laḥūḥ obstinate, stubborn,
consideration (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pay attention (‫هـ‬
persistent
to); to supervise, superintend (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫لا‬
‫ مَلحاح‬milḥāḥ obstinate, stubborn, ‫ حظ عليه شيئا‬to observe or notice s.th. in
persistent; importunate, obtrusive s.o.; ‫ مَما يلحظ ان‬mimmā yulāḥaẓu anna it
‫ الحاح‬ilḥāḥ urging, pressing, urgency, will be noticed that ..., obviously ...,
insistence; emphasis; urgent solicitation, evidently ...
earnest request │ ‫ بإلحاح‬or ‫في إلحاح‬ ‫ لحظ‬laḥẓ pl. ‫ الحاظ‬alḥāẓ look, glance
insistently, earnestly, urgently
‫ لحظة‬laḥẓa pl. laḥaẓāt (quick or casual)
‫ مَلح‬muliḥḥ pressing, urgent; persistent; look, glance, glimpse; moment, instant │
insistent, emphatic; importunate, obtrusive ‫ اللحظة الراهنة‬the present moment, the
‫ لاحب‬lāḥib open, passable (road); o electrode immediate present; ‫ في لحظة‬in a moment,
instantly; ‫ في هذه اللحظة‬at that moment;
‫ لحج‬laḥaj2 Lahej (sultanate and city in the ‫ لحظات‬laḥaẓātin for a few moments
Aden Protectorate)
‫ لحظتئذ‬laḥẓata’idin at that moment
‫ لحد‬laḥada a (laḥd) to dig a grave; to bury,
inter (‫ ه‬s.o.); to deviate from the right ‫ مَلحظة‬mulāḥaẓa pl. -āt seeing,
course, digress from the straight path; to noticing, perception; observation; remark,
abandon one’s faith, apostatize, become a comment, casual statement, note;
heretic; to lean, incline, tend (‫ الى‬to) IV = observance, heed, notice, attention,
I; VIII to deviate, digress; to abandon consideration; supervision,
one’s faith, apostatize, become a heretic or superintendence, surveillance, control │
unbeliever; to be inclined, lean, incline, ‫ ذو مَلحظة‬considerable, notable 859
tend (‫ الى‬to) ‫ لَحظة‬lāḥẓa pl. ‫ لواحظ‬lawāḥiz2 eye; look,
‫ لحد‬laḥd pl. ‫ لحود‬luḥūd, ‫ ألحاد‬alḥād grave, glance
tomb; (ancient meaning: charnel vault ‫ مَلحوظ‬malḥūẓ noted, noteworthy,
with a niche for the corpse in the lateral remarkable
wall)
‫ مَلحوظة‬malḥūẓa pl. -āt observation;
‫ لحاد‬laḥḥād gravedigger remark; note
‫ إلحاد‬ilḥād apostasy; heterodoxy, heresy ‫ مَلاحظ‬mulāḥiẓ director, superintendent;
‫ إلحادي‬ilḥādī of or pertaining to overseer, supervisor, foreman
godlessness ‫ مَلحظ‬mulāḥaẓ: ‫ والملحظ ان‬obviously ...,
‫ مَلحد‬mulḥid heretical, unbelieving; -- evidently ...
(pl. -ūn, ‫ مَلاحدة‬malāḥida) apostate, ‫ لحف‬laḥafa a (laḥf) to cover, wrap (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV
renegade; heretic do.; to request or demand urgently V and
‫ لحس‬laḥasa a (laḥs) to eat away (‫هـ‬ VIII to wrap o.s. (‫ ب‬in), cover s.o. (‫ب‬
s.th., esp. a moth the wool), devour (‫هـ‬ with)
s.th.); -- laḥisa a (laḥs, ‫ لحسة‬laḥsa, luḥsa, َ‫م‬ ‫ لحف‬liḥf foot of a mountain
‫ لحس‬malḥas) to lick (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to lick up,
‫ لحاف‬liḥāf pl. ‫ لحف‬luḥuf (also ‫الحفة‬
lap up, lick out (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
alḥifa) cover, blanket; bedcover,
‫ مَلحوس‬malḥūs licked; (eg.) imbecilic counterpane, coverlet, quilt, comforter,
‫ لحظ‬laḥaẓa a (laḥẓ, ‫ لحظان‬laḥaẓān) to regard, wrap
view, eye (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), look (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬at); to ‫ مَلحف‬milḥah and ‫ مَلحفة‬milḥafa pl. ‫مَلاحف‬
notice, see, perceive, observe (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ان‬ malāḥif2 cover, blanket; wrap
that) III to regard, view, eye (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
‫ الحاف‬ilḥāf importunity (of a petitioner)
s.th.), look (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬at); to see, behold (‫ ه‬s.o.),
catch light (‫ ه‬of); to notice, perceive, ‫ مَلتحف‬multaḥif wrapped (‫ ب‬in), covered
observe (‫ ان‬that, ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to remark, say, (‫ ب‬with)
‫ لحق‬laḥiqa a (laḥq, ‫ لحاق‬laḥaq) to catch up (‫ب‬ ‫ مَلحقة‬mulāḥaqa pl. -āt pursuit, chase;
or ‫ ه‬with s.o.), overtake (‫ ب‬or s.o.), to legal prosecution
reach (‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.); to catch, make (‫ ب‬,‫هـ‬ ‫ الحاق‬ilḥāq joining, junction,
e.g., a train), to touch (‫ ب‬s.th.); to cling, subjunction, attachment, appending,
adhere, attach o.s., stick, hang on, keep affixation, affixture, addition, annexation;
close (‫ ب‬to s.o.), to join (‫ ب‬s.o.), come admission (‫ ب‬to an organization, and the
along (‫ ب‬with s.o.), to follow, succeed (‫ب‬ like), enrollment (‫ ب‬in an association, and
s.o.), to unite (‫ ب‬with); to betake o.s., go ( the like), political annexation
‫ ب‬to), to enter (‫ بمدرسة‬bi-madrasatin a
school, ‫ بخدمَة‬bi-kidmatin a service, ‫لحق‬ ‫ التحق‬iltiḥāq entering (‫ ب‬of), entry,
‫ بخدمَته‬to take up a position with s.o., enter entrance (y to office. into a school. etc.),
the services of s.o.), to overcome, befall, 860 joining (‫ ب‬of), affiliation (‫ ب‬with);
affect, afflict (‫ ه‬s.o.; disease, fear, loss, and accession (‫ ب‬to)
the like), come, descend (‫ ه‬upon s.o., ‫ استلحاق‬istilḥāq annexation; avowal of
calamity, etc.), to be incumbent (‫ ه‬upon paternity (jur.)
s.o.), be imperative (‫ ه‬for) III to follow (‫ه‬
s.o.); to go after s.o. (‫)ه‬, trail, pursue, ‫ لَحق‬lāḥiq reaching; overtaking;
chase (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to attach, affix, join, subsequent, following; added, affixed,
subjoin, append, annex, add (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. to). appended, subjoined, attached, joined,
enclose (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. in); to connect (‫ب هـ‬ connected │ ‫ سابقا – لَحقا‬sābiqan – lāḥiqan
s.th. with); to increase, augment (‫ هـ ب‬s.th. previously -- later on, at first --
by), to take in all a member, admit (‫ب ه‬ subsequently
s.o. to an organization, and the like), ‫ لاحقة‬lāḥiqa pl. ‫ لواحق‬lawāḥiq2
enroll (‫ ب ه‬s.o. in), to inflict (‫ هـ ب‬upon appendage, appurtenance, adjunct; pl.
s.o. or s.th. s.th.), cause (‫ هـ ب‬s.o. or s.th. acceasories, appurtenances, adjuncts,
s.th., esp. damage); pass. ulḥiqa to be dependencies
admitted (‫ ب‬to an organization, a society,
etc.), become a member (‫ ب‬of), enter (‫ ب‬a ‫ مَلحق‬mulḥaq added, affixed, appended,
service) VI to follow in close succession; attached, subjoined (‫ ب‬to s.th.), enclosed (
to pursue or chase each other, to blend ‫ ب‬in s.th.); adjoining, adjacent,
into a continuous sequence, pass contiguous; written or printed in the
insensibly into each other VIII to reach (‫ب‬ margin, marginal; appertaining,
s.th. or s.o.); to catch up (‫ ب‬with), appurtenant, incident, pertinent,
overtake (‫ ب‬s.th. or s.o.); to join (‫ ب‬s.o.), accompanying; incorporated, annexed;
go or come along (‫ ب‬with), to enter (‫ ب‬a supplement; -- (pl. -āt, ‫ مَلاحق‬malāḥiq2)
service, a school, a university), join (‫ ب‬an appendix; addition, addendum, postscript;
army, an organization, etc.), become a supplement, extra sheet (of a newspaper,
member (‫ ب‬of), to matriculate (‫ ب‬at a periodical, book); enclosure (in a letter);
university), enroll (‫ ب‬in a faculty), to take appendage; pendant, locket; tag, label;
up (‫ ب‬a position, a job), to be attached (‫ب‬ trailer (of a truck, etc.); annex, subsidiary
to), be connected, be affiliated (‫ ب‬with), to building, wing or addition to a building; --
be attached, devoted, loyal │ ‫التحقبالحكومَة‬ (pl. -ūn) attaché; assistant; pl. ‫ مَلحقات‬also:
to go into government service X to annex annexed provinces, dependent territories,
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) dependencies │ ‫( مَلحق بحري‬baḥrī) naval
attaché; ‫( مَلحق تجاري‬tijārī) commercial
‫ لحق‬pl. ‫ الحاق‬alḥāq cultivable alluvial attaché; ‫( مَلحق جوي‬jawwī) air attaché; ‫مَلحق‬
soil left behind by a flood ‫‘( عسكري‬askarī) or ‫( مَلحق حربي‬ḥarbī)
‫ لحقي‬laḥaqī: ‫( مَواد لحقية‬mawādd) detritus military attaché; ‫( مَلحق صحفي‬ṣuḥufī) press
(geol.), alluvium, alluvial residues attaché; ‫( مَلحق فخري‬fakrī) titular attaché
‫ لحاق‬liḥāq accession (‫ ب‬to), entry, ‫ مَتلاحق‬mutalāḥiq successive,
entrance (‫ ب‬to, into), joining (‫ ب‬of), consecutive, uninterrupted. continuous │
enrollment (‫ ب‬in), membership (‫ ب‬in) ‫ مَتلحق الحركة‬m. al-ḥaraka in continuous
motion
‫ لحم‬laḥama u (laḥm) to mend, patch, weld, ‫ لحن‬laḥn pl. ‫ الحان‬alḥān, ‫ لحون‬luḥūn air,
solder (up) (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- laḥima a to get tune, melody; grammatical mistake,
stuck II to solder (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to join in solecism, barbarism
battle, engage in a mutual massacre; to ‫ لحن‬laḥin intelligent, understanding,
cling together, cleave together, stick sensible
together, hang together, cohere; to hold
firmly together; to be joined, united VIII ‫ تلحين‬talḥīn pl. ‫ تلاحين‬talāḥīn2 musical
to adhere, cleave, stick (‫ ب‬to); to be in composition, musical arrangement
immediate contact (‫ ب‬with); to cling (‫ب‬ ‫ تلحيني‬talḥīnī singable
to), fit closely (‫ ب‬s.th.); to grapple, fight,
struggle (in a clinch or in close combat); ‫ مَلحون‬malḥūn incorrect, ungrammatical
to cling together, cleave together, cohere; (language); (magr.) poetry in colloquial
to stick together; to be interjoined, language
intermesh, be closely united; to close, heal ‫ مَلحن‬mulaḥḥin composer
up, sear over, cicatrize (wound)
(‫ لحو‬and ‫ لحا )لحي‬laḥā (laḥw) and ‫ لحى‬laḥā a
‫ لحم‬laḥm pl. ‫ لحوم‬luḥūm, ‫ لحام‬liḥām flesh; (laḥy) to insult, abuse, revile (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to
meat │ ‫( بلحمه وشحمه‬šaḥmihī) in his real call each other names, heap abuses on
human form; ‫( لحما ودمَا‬daman) dyed in the each other VIII to grow a beard
wool, inveterate
‫ لحو‬laḥw and ‫ لحي‬laḥy insult, abuse,
‫ لحمة‬laḥma (n. un.) a piece of flesh or invective, vilification, defamation
meat
‫ لحي‬laḥy, dual: ‫ لحيان‬laḥyān, pl. ‫الح‬
‫ لحمة‬laḥma, luḥma pl. ‫ لحم‬luḥam woof, alḥin, ‫ لحي‬luḥīiy jawbone
weft (of a fabric); decisive factor, motif;
luḥma relationship, kinship ‫ لحية‬liḥya pl. ‫ لحى‬luḥan, liḥan beard,
whiskers (on cheeks and chin), full beard
‫ لحمية‬laḥmīya conjunctiva │ ‫ اطلق لحيته‬aṭlaqa liḥyatahū to let one’s
‫ لحم‬laḥm fleshy, corpulent; carnivorous beard grow; ‫ لحية التيس‬l. at-tais salsify
(Tregopogon porrifolium; bot.)
‫ لحام‬liḥām pl. -āt soldering; welding;
soldered seam, soldered joint; solder ‫ لحية‬luḥayya2 Luhaiya (town in NW
Yemen, on Red Sea)
‫ لحام‬laḥḥām butcher; solderer; welder
‫ لحاء‬liḥā’ bast
‫ لحيم‬laḥīm fleshy
‫ الحى‬alḥā long-bearded
‫ لحامَة‬laḥāma fleshiness, corpulence
‫ مَلتح‬multaḥin bearded, having a beard,
‫ مَلحمة‬malḥama pl. ‫ مَلاحم‬malāḥim2 e.g., ‫( مَاتح بلحية سوداء‬bi-liḥya saudā’) a
bloody fight, slaughter, massacre, fierce black-bearded man
battle
‫ لخص‬II to abridge (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to summarize, sum
‫ شعر مَلحمي‬ši‘r malḥamī heroic poem up, epitomize, condense, compress (‫هـ‬
‫ التحام‬iltiḥām close union; cohesion; s.th.); to excerpt (‫ هـ‬s.th.), make an excerpt
conjunction, union, connection, or extract (‫ هـ‬of); to give the essence of
coherence; adhesion (phys.); grapple, s.th.; to sketch, outline (‫ هـ‬s.th.); pass. ‫يلخ‬
struggle, fight, close combat ‫ ص‬yulakkaṣu it can he summed up (‫في ان‬
to the effect that) V to he summarized, be
‫ مَلتحمة‬multaḥima conjunctiva epitomized, be condensed, be summed up
‫ لحن‬laḥana a (laḥn, ‫ لحون‬luḥūn, ‫لحانة‬ (‫ في‬in), amount briefly (‫ في‬to), be in its
laḥāna) to speak ungrammatical Arabic essence (‫ في‬s.th.), narrow down (‫ في‬to)
(interspersed with barbarisms); -- laḥina a ‫ تلخيص‬talkīṣ abridgement;
861 to be intelligent II to chant, condensation; summary, resume; epitome,
psalmodize; to intone, strike up a melody; abstract, synopsis, outline; brier, abort
to set to music, compose (‫ هـ‬s.th.) report
‫ مَلخص‬mulakkaṣ abridged, excerpted, ‫ لدانة‬ladāna and ‫ لدونة‬ludūna softness,
summarized, condensed; (pl. -āt) extract, pliability, flexibility, suppleness, plasticity,
excerpt, essence, gist resilience, elasticity
‫ لخلخ‬laklaka to shake, shake off (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II ‫ لدائن‬ladā’in2 plastics
talaklaka to shake, totter 2
‫ لدن‬ladun (prep.) at, by, near, close to; in the
‫ مَلخلخ‬mulaklak shaky, unsteady, presence of, in front of, before, with; in
tottering possession of; ‫ مَن لدن‬from, on the part of;
since; -- (conj.) since, from the moment
‫ لخمة‬lakama, lukama sluggish; gauche,
when; ‫ لدن ان‬do.
awkward, clumsy
‫ لدني‬ladunī (i.e. ‫ )مَن لدن ا‬mystic; ‫العلم‬
‫ لخن‬lakan putrid stench
‫‘( اللدني‬ilm), ‫ العلوم اللدنية‬knowledge imparted
‫ لخن‬alkan2, f. ‫ لخناء‬laknā’2, pl. ‫ لخن‬lukn directly by God through mystic intuition
stinking; uncircumcized (as an abusive (in Sufism)
term)
‫ لدى‬ladā (prep.) at, by (place and time);
1
‫ لدة‬lida see ‫ولد‬ in the presence of, in front of, before, with
2
‫ اللد‬al-lidd Lydda (city and international │ ‫ لدى الحاجة‬in case of need, if necessary;
airport in W Israel) ‫ لديه‬ladaihi he has; ‫ مَا لديك‬the condition you
3
are in, your state of mind; ‫ ليس لدينا غيرمَا‬...
‫ لد‬ladda a (ladd) to dispute violently, have a (gairu) we know no more than what ...
fierce quarrel (‫ ه‬with s.o.) II to defame,
slander (‫ ب‬s.o.); to bewilder, perplex, ‫ لذ‬ladda (1st pers. perf. ladidtu) a (‫ لذاذ‬ladad,
nonplus V to turn helplessly right and left, ‫ لذاذة‬ladāda) to be sweet, delicious,
be bewildered, perplexed, confused; to be delightful, pleasant, gratify the senses II
headstrong, recalcitrant and IV to please, gratify, delight (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
give pleasure (‫ ه‬to s.o.) V and VIII to be
‫ لدد‬ladad vehement quarrel, violent pleased, delighted (‫ ب‬at), delight, revel,
dispute take pleasure (‫ ب‬in), be gratified (‫ ب‬by);
‫ لدود‬ladūd, ‫ الد‬aladd2, f. ‫ لداء‬laddā’2, pl. ‫لد‬ to find (‫ هـ‬s.th.) delicious or pleasant, take
ludd, ‫ لداد‬lidād, ‫ الداء‬aliddā’2 fierce, grim, delight (‫ هـ‬in), enjoy, savor, relish (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
dogged, tough │ ‫‘( عدو الد‬adūw) mortal X to find delicious or pleasant (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
enemy, archenemy, foe; ‫ عدو لدود‬do. find delightful (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to take pleasure (‫ه‬
‫ ـ‬in)
‫ مَتلدد‬mutaladdid obstinate, recalcitrant,
headstrong, rebellious 862 ‫ لذة‬ladda pl. -āt joy, rapture, bliss;
pleasure, enjoyment, delectation, delight;
‫ لدغ‬ladaga u (ladg) to sting, bite (snake, s.o.); sensual delight, lust, voluptuousness
to taunt, hurt, offend (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ لذيذ‬ladīd pl. ‫ لذ‬ludd, ‫ لذاذ‬lidād delicious,
‫ لدغة‬ladga sting; bite delightful; pleasant; beautiful, wonderful,
‫ لديغ‬ladīg pl. ‫ لدغاء‬ludagā’2, ‫ لدغى‬ladgā splendid, magnificent; sweet
stung; bitten ‫ لذاذة‬ladāda pl. ‫ لذائذ‬ladā’id2 sweetness;
1
‫ لدن‬laduna u (‫ لدانة‬ladāna, ‫ لدونة‬ludūna) to be charm; bliss; rapture; enjoyment,
soft, supple, pliant, flexible, resilient, delectation; pleasure, delight
elastic II to soften (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to mollify, ‫ مَلذة‬maladda pl. -āt, ‫ مَلاذ‬malādd2 joy,
attenuate, temper, ease, mitigate, alleviate pleasure, amenity, comfort; delightfulness,
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) enjoyment, delectation; voluptuousness
‫ لدن‬ladn pl. ‫ لدن‬ludn, ‫ لدان‬lidān soft, ‫ مَتلذذ‬mutaladdid epicure
gentle; pliant, pliable, flexible, supple,
resilient, elastic; plastic ‫ لذع‬lada‘a a (lad‘) to burn (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to brand,
cauterize (‫ ه‬s.o.); to hurt (with words),
‫ لادن‬lādan, lādin laudanum insult, offend (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to burn
‫ لذع‬lada‘ burning, combustion; ‫ لزج‬lazija a (lazaj, ‫ لزوج‬luzūj) to be
conflagration, fire │ ‫ لذع البنادق‬rifle fire sticky, ropy, gluey, viscid; to stick, cling,
get stuck (‫ ب‬to)
‫ لذاع‬laddā‘ burning; very hot,
scorching; pungent, acrid, sharp; biting ‫ لزج‬lazij sticky, gluey, ropy, viscid;
(words) adhesive
‫ لوذع‬lauda‘ and ‫ لوذعي‬lauda‘ī ‫ لزوجة‬luzūja stikiness, glueyness,
sagacious, ingenious, witty, quick-witted, ropiness, viscidity
quick at repartee ‫ لزق‬laziqa a (‫ لزوق‬luzūq) to adhere, cling,
‫ لوذعية‬lauda‘īya sagacity, ingenuity, cleave, stick, (‫ ب‬to) II to affix, post (‫هـ‬
esprit, wit, quick-wittedness, mental s.th.); to stick on, paste on (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
alertness paste together (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (eg.) to palm off,
foist (‫ هـ ل‬s.th. on s.o.) IV to Palte on, stick
‫ لَذع‬lādi‘ burning; pungent, acrid,
on, affix (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII = I
biting; sharp
‫ لزق‬lizq adjoining, adjacent, contiguous
‫ لَذعة‬lādi‘a pl. ‫ لواذع‬lawādi‘2 gibe, taunt
│ ‫ لزقه‬lizqahū or ‫ بلزقه‬close to his side,
‫ اللذقية‬al-lādiqīya Latakia, the ancient cose by
Laodicea (seaport in W Syria)
‫ لزق‬laziq sticky, gluey
1
‫ لذي‬ladiya a (ladan) to adhere, cleave (‫ ب‬to)
‫ لزقة‬lazqa compress, stupe; plaster
2
‫ الذي‬look up alphabetically 863
‫ لزاق‬lizāq adhesive, agglutinant, glue,
‫ لز‬lazza (1st pers. perf. lazaztu) u (lazz, ‫لزز‬ cement, paste
lazaz, ‫ لززاز‬lizāz) to tie (‫ ب ه‬s.th. to),
‫ لزوق‬lazūq and ‫ لازوق‬lāzūq compress,
connect or join firmly, unite (‫ ب ه‬s.th.
stupe; plaster, adhesive plaster, court
with), make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) stick (‫ ب‬to) II to
plaster
connect or join firmly, press together (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to cram together; to urge, press, ‫ لزم‬lazima a (‫ لزوم‬luzūm) to cling,
coerce (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to) VI to be crammed adhere, belong (‫ هـ‬to), attend, accompany (
together; to lie close together V and VIII ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to persist, persevere (‫ هـ‬in), stick,
to be united, joined, connected (‫ ب‬with); keep (‫ هـ‬to), keep doing (‫ هـ‬s.th.);to adhere,
to adhere, cleave, stick (‫ ب‬to) be attached, keep close, stick (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
‫ لز‬lazz and ‫ لزة‬lazza U bolt, staple, cramp be inseparable (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬from s.o., from s.th.);
to stay permanently (‫ هـ‬in); to be
‫ مَلزز‬mulazzaz crammed together; necessary; to be requisite, imperative,
closely united; firm, solid, compact indispensable (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to be incumbent
‫ لزب‬lazaba u (‫ لزوب‬luzūb) to be firm, be firmly (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), be s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬duty │ ‫لزم داره‬
fixed, hold fast; to adhere, cleave, cling (‫ب‬ (‫ )فراشة‬to stay at home (in bed); ‫لزم الصمت‬
to); to stick (‫ ب‬to); -- laziba a (lazab) to (ṣamta) to keep went, maintain silence III
cohere, cleave together, stick together to attend, accompany (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to adhere,
stick, keep (‫ هـ‬to); to pursue or practice
‫ لزب‬lazib pl. ‫ لزاب‬lizāb little incessantly (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be constantly with
‫ لزبة‬lazba pl. ‫ لزب‬lizab misfortune, s.o. or in s.o.’s company (‫)ه‬, be constantly
calamity around s.o. (‫ )ه‬to be assigned (‫ ه‬to),
accompany, attend (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be
‫ لازب‬lāzib sticking, adhering, clinging; inseparable (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬from s.th., from s.o.); to
firm, firmly fixed │ ‫صار ضربة لازب‬ keep doing (‫ هـ‬s.th.), persist, persevere (‫هـ‬
(ḍarbata l.) to become necessary, in); to work with perseverance, display
indispensable; ‫( ضرب ضربة لازب‬ḍuriba) to sustained activity (‫ هـ‬for) IV to force,
meet with grave misfortune, be stricken compel (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. to); to force, press (‫هـ ه‬,
by disaster also ‫ ب ه‬upon s.o. s.th.); to enjoin, impose
as a duty (‫هـ ه‬, also ‫ ب ه‬on s.o. s.th.),
obligate (‫هـ ه‬, also ‫ ب ه‬s.o. to or to do s.th.)
│ ‫( الزمَه الحجة‬ḥujja) to force proof on s.o., following, pursuit, pursuance;
force s.o. to accept an argument; ‫الزمَه‬ perseverance, assiduity, zeal
‫ الفراش‬to confine s.o. to bed, compel s.o. to ‫ الزام‬ilzām coercion, compulsion
my in bed (of a disease); ‫( الزمَه المال‬or
‫ )بالمال‬to impose the payment of a sum on ‫ الزامَي‬ilzāmī forced, compulsory,
s.o. VI to be attached or devoted to each obligatory, required
other, be inseparable VIII to 864 adhere, ‫ التزام‬iltizām pl. -āt necessity; duty,
stick, keep, hang on (‫ هـ‬to); to keep doing obligation, commitment, liability;
(‫ هـ‬s.th.), persist, persevere (‫ هـ‬in), keep engagement (philos. ); contract; farming
up, maintain preserve (‫ هـ‬s.th.), abide (‫هـ‬ of taxes, farmage; concession, license,
by); to take upon o.s. (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make a franchise; monopoly; ‫ التزامَا‬iltizāman by
rule (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) one’s duty, contract, by the job │ ‫ قام بالتزامَاته‬to meet
impose upon o.s. (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to assume as a one’s obligations
duty (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to undertake, obligate
o.s., bind o.s., pledge (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬to do s.th.); ‫ لازم‬lāzim inherent, intrinsic,
to be in duty bound, be obligated or under inseparable, indissoluble; necessary,
obligation, be or become liable (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬to requisite, imperative, indispensable,
do s.th.); to be forced, be compelled (‫ ب‬or unavoidable, inevitable, inescapable;
a to do s.th.); to be responsible (‫ ب‬or ‫هـ‬ incumbent, binding, obligatory;
for); to take over the monopoly (‫ هـ‬of intransitive (gram.); legally binding,
s.th.), monopolize, farm (‫ هـ‬e.g., the irrevocable (Isl. Law) │ ‫ كالازم‬as it must
levying of tax..) X to deem necessary (‫هـ‬ be, comme il faut, properly
s.th.); to necessitate, make necessary or ‫ لازمَة‬lāzima fixed attribute, inherent
requisite (a s.th.); to require, need (‫هـ‬ property; standing phrase (of s.o.)
s.th.), call (‫ هـ‬for), be in need (‫ هـ‬of s.th.)
‫ لوازم‬lawāzim2 (pl.) necessary,
‫ لزمَة‬lazma pl. -āt official concessions, inseparable attributes or manifestations;
license, franchise necessities, exigencies, requirements;
‫ لزوم‬luzūm necessity, exigency, necessaries, requisites; necessaries,
requirement; need, want │ ‫حسب اللزوم‬ fixtures
ḥasaba l-l. as required, as the occasion ‫ مَلزوم‬malzūm obligated, under
demands; ‫ عند اللزوم‬in case of need, when obligation, liable │ ‫( مَلزوم بالداء‬adā’)
(if) necessary, if need be; ‫بسكويت لزوم السفر‬ liable for taxes, taxable
‫( بالبحر‬l. as-safar bi-l-baḥr) biscuit for the
voyage ‫ مَلزومَية‬malzūmīya duty, obligation,
commitment, liability
‫ لزام‬lizām necessary, requisite;
necessity, duty, obligation │ ‫كان لزامَا عليه ان‬ ‫ مَلزم‬mulāzim tenacious (with foil. gen.
to be s.o.’s duty to ..., be necessary for s.o. it.: of), clinging, keeping, sticking (with
that he ... foll. genit.: to); persevering, persisting,
remaining, abiding; inseparable; closely
‫ الزم‬alzam2 more necessary, most connected, or attached; attending,
necessary accompanying; adhering; adherent,
‫ مَلزمَة‬malzama pl. ‫ مَلازم‬malāzim2 follower, partisan; second lieutenant
section, signature (of a book, = 16 octavo (U.A.R., Tun.) │ ‫( مَلازم اول‬awwal; U.A.R.,
sheets) Leb., Jord., Ir.) first lieutenant; ‫مَلزم ثان‬
(tānin; Leb., Jord., Ir., formerly also Eg.,
‫ مَلزمَة‬milzama pl. ‫ مَلازم‬malāzim2 vise; syr.) second lieutenant 865
press
‫ مَلتزم‬multazim engaged, committed,
‫ مَلازمَة‬mulāzama adhesion, clinging, under obligation; holder of a concession
sticking; remaining, staying, dwelling; or monopoly; tax farmer; concessionaire,
close attachment; dependence; concessionary; contractor
inseparableness, inherence, intrinsicality;
‫ مَلتزم‬multazam pl. -āt requirement
‫ مَستلزمَات‬mustalzamāt requirements, the key; ‫ ذو لسانين‬dū lisanain double-
prerequisites, requisites; necessary or tongued, deceitful, insincere, two-faced
inevitable consequences ‫ لساني‬lisānī oral, verbal
‫ لستك‬lastik and ‫ لستيك‬lastīk rubber; eraser ‫ مَلسون‬malsūn liar
‫ لسع‬lasa‘a a (las‘) to sting (‫ ه‬s.o.); to burn ‫ لشبونة‬lišbōna2 Lisbon (capital of
(‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., the mouth); to hurt (with Portugal)
words; ‫ ه‬s.o.) (‫ ;* لشى‬from lā šai’a:) III to suppress,
‫ لسعة‬las‘a sting, bite; biting words crush, destroy, ruin, annihilate (. s.th.) VI
to be suppressed, be crushed, be
‫ لسيع‬lasī‘ pl. ‫ لسعى‬las‘ā, ‫ لسعاء‬lusa‘ā’2
destroyed, be annihilated; to come to
stung
nothing, be ruined, be frustrated, fail; to
‫ لاسع‬lāsi‘ stinging; burning; biting, disappear, vanish, dwindle, wane, fade
acrid, pungent, sharp
‫ مَلشاة‬mulāšāh annihilation, destruction
‫ لسن‬lasina a (lasan) to be eloquent II to point,
‫ تلش‬talāšin annihilation, ruin, failure,
taper, sharpen (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
frustration; disappearance, evanescence,
‫ لسن‬lasan eloquence vanishing, waning, decline
‫ لسن‬lasin and ‫ السن‬alsan2, f. ‫ لسناء‬lasnā’2, ‫ مَتلش‬mutalāšin coming to nothing,
pl. ‫ السن‬alsun eloquent dwindling, waning; destructible;
‫ لسان‬lisān m. and f. , pl. ‫ السنة‬alsina, ‫السن‬ evanescent, transient, ephemeral
alsun tongue; language; mouthpiece (fig.), ‫ لص‬laṣṣa u (laṣṣ) to do stealthily or secretly (‫هـ‬
organ (esp., of a newspaper; = ‫لسان الحال‬ s.th.); to rob, steal (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to become a
see below) │ ‫ على لسان‬from his mouth, thief; to act stealthily
through him; ‫( على لسان الصحف‬l. iṣ-ṣuḥuf)
‫ لص‬liṣṣ pl. ‫ لصوص‬luṣūṣ, ‫ الصاص‬alṣāṣ
through the organ of the press; ‫قيل على لسانه‬
thief, robber
‫( مَا‬qīla) things were ascribed to him which
..., he was rumored to have said things ‫ لصوصية‬luṣūṣīya thievery, theft, robbery
which ...; ‫( لسان رسمي‬rasmī) official organ; ‫ مَتلصص‬mutalaṣṣiṣ behaving like a
‫( مَتحدث بلسان وزارة الخارجية‬mutaḥaddit) a thief, thievish │ ‫( اتى مَتلصصا الى‬atā) to
spokesman of the Foreign Ministry; ‫باللسان‬ steal to, sneak up to 866
or ‫ لسانا‬lisānan orally, verbally; ‫دار على السن‬
‫( الخاص والعام‬a. il-kāṣṣ wa-l-‘āmm) to be ‫ لصق‬laṣiqa a (laṣq, ‫ لصوق‬luṣūq) to adhere,
the talk of the town, be on everyone’s lips; cleave, cling, stick (‫ ب‬to) II to paste
‫ لسان الثور‬l. at-taur borage (Borago together, stick together (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to
officinalis; bot.); ‫ لسان الحال‬the language adjoin (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be next (‫ هـ‬to s.th.), be
which things themselves speak, silent contiguous (with), abut (‫ هـ‬on), touch (‫هـ‬
language, mute expression (as s.th.); to be in touch, in connection, in
distinguished from the spoken word); contact (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to attach, affix,
organ (of a party or political movement; a stick, paste, glue (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. to); to connect
newspaper); ‫ ولسان حاله يقول‬while he (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with), join ( s.th. to); to bring (‫هـ‬
seemed to say ..., with an expression as if s.th.) close (‫ ب‬to); to press (‫ ب هـ‬s.th.
he wanted to say ...; ‫ لسان الحمل‬l. al-ḥamal against) │ ‫( الصق لوحة‬lauḥa) to post a
plantain (Plantago major L.; bot.); ‫لسان‬ placard; ‫( الصق به تهمة‬tuhma) to raise an
‫ العصفر‬l. al-‘uṣfur common ash (Fraxinus accusation against s.o. VI to cleave
excelsior; bot.); ‫ لسان القفل‬l. al-qufl bolt of together, cling together, cohere, stick
the lock; ‫ لسان القوم‬l. al-qaum spokesman together; to agglomerate, conglomerate,
(of a crowd); ‫ لسان الكلب‬l. al-kalb hound’s- cake, frit together; to blend, pass into each
tongue (Cynoglossum; bos.); (eg.) also a other VIII = I; to hang on (‫ ب‬to), get stuck
variety of scorpion’s tail (Scorpiurus (‫ ب‬to, on); to fit closely (‫ ب‬s.th.), cling (‫ب‬
muricatus L.; bot.), having circinately to)
coiled pods; ‫ لسان المفتاح‬l. al-miftāḥ bit of
‫ لصق‬liṣq adhering, clinging, cleaving │ ‫ لطع‬laṭa‘a a (laṭ‘) to strike, hit (‫ ه‬s.o.); to strike
‫ لصق‬close to him (or it); (‫هو بلصقي )لصقي‬ out, erase (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
he and I are inseparable ‫ لطعة‬laṭ‘a blot, stain
‫ لصق‬laṣiq sticky, gluey, glutinous; ‫ لطف‬laṭafa u (luṭf) to be kind and
adhesive, agglutinant; tenacious friendly (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬to, toward s.o.); -- laṭufa
‫ لصيق‬laṣīq one who cleaves or clings ( u (‫ لطافة‬laṭāfa) to be thin, fine, delicate,
‫ ب‬to); adjoining, adjacent, bordering, dainty; to be graceful; to be elegant; to be
neighboring, abutting, contiguous; close- nice, amiable, friendly II to make mild,
fitting, skintight (dress) soft, gentle, soften (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to mitigate,
alleviate, ease, soothe, allay, palliate,
‫ لصق‬laṣūq plaster
assuage, extenuate (‫ هـ‬s.th.; also ‫ ;)مَن‬to
‫ مَلاصقة‬mulāṣaqa junction, conjunction, moderate, temper, lessen, diminish, reduce
connection, contact, union; adjacency, (‫ هـ‬s.th.; also ‫ ;)مَن‬to tone down (‫ هـ‬s.th.;
contiguity; O adhesion, cohesion (phys.) also ‫ )مَن‬III to treat with kindness, with
‫ الصاق‬ilṣāq poster, bill benevolence (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be civil and polite
(‫ ه‬to, toward s.o.); to be complaisant,
‫ تلاصق‬talāṣuq and ‫ التصاق‬iltiṣāq obliging, indulgent, compliant (‫ ه‬toward
cohesion, adhesion; contiguity, contact; s.o.), humor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to flatter (‫ ه‬s.o.), fawn
coherence (‫ ه‬upon); to caress, fondle, pet (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫لاط‬
‫ مَلصق‬mulāṣiq adjoining, adjacent, 867 ‫( فه على كتفه‬katifihī) to pat s.o. on the
abutting, contiguous, bordering, shoulder
neighboring, in close contact; companion; V to be mitigated, be tempered, be
neighbor; adherent moderated; to be civil and polite, show
‫ مَلصق‬mulṣaq attached, affixed; stuck o.s. friendly and kind, be so kind as to do
on, pasted on, glued on; fastened; brought s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to bestow most kindly, have the
close; connected, joined; (pl. -āt) poster, kindness to give (‫ ب‬s.th., also, e.g.,
bill, placard advice. ‫ على‬to s.o.); to be tender,
affectionate, nice (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to win (‫ب‬
‫ مَتلصق‬mutalāṣiq cohering, sticking s.o.) over by subtle means, by favors, by
together; blending, passing into each other tricks; to go about s.th. (‫ في‬or ‫ )ب‬gently,
‫ مَلتصق‬multaṣiq attached, affixed, carefully, with caution; to do secretly,
adhesive, sticking; adjoining, adjacent, covertly, without being noticed (‫ ب‬with
bordering, neighboring; contiguous, verbal noun: s.th.) VI to show o.s. friendly
connected, meeting or touching each and kind; to be polite, courteous, civil,
other, in contact; in the immediate nice X to find (‫ هـ‬s.th.) pretty, sweet, nice;
proximity (‫ ب‬of), close to (‫)ب‬ to like, find pleasant or charming (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَلضوم‬malḍūm de (row), close (rank) ‫ لطف‬lutf pl. ‫ الطاف‬alṭāf kindness,
benevolence, friendliness; gentleness,
‫ لطخ‬laṭaka a (laṭk) to stain, blot, sully, soil,
mildness; civility, courteousness,
spatter, splash (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with) II do. V to
politeness; daintiness, cuteness,
he soiled or stained
gracefulness; delicateness, delicate grace
‫ لطخة‬laṭka pl. laṭakāt smear, blotch, (e.g., of the limbs) │ ‫ بلطف‬gently, softly
spot; stain, blemish, blot, disgrace
‫ لطافة‬laṭāfa thinness fineness,
‫ لطخة‬luṭaka pl. -āt and ‫ لطيخ‬liṭṭīk ass, delicateness; gracefulness, loveliness,
dolt, fool charm; kindness, benevolence;
‫ لطس‬laṭasa u (laṭs) to strike, hit (‫ ه‬s.o.) friendliness; politeness, esprit, intellectual
refinement, sophistication; suavity,
‫ مَلطاس‬milṭās pl. ‫ مَلطيس‬malāṭīs2 pickax urbaneness
‫ لطش‬laṭaša u (laṭš) to strike, hit (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ لطيف‬laṭīf pl. ‫ لطاف‬liṭāf, ‫ لطفاء‬luṭafā‘2
thin; fine; delicate, dainty; little, small,
insignificant; gentle, soft, light, mild;
pleasant, agreeable; amiable, friendly, ‫( بالشطرنج‬šaṭranj) to play chess; ‫لعبت به‬
kind, nice; civil, courteous, polite; affable, ‫ الهموم‬he became the sport of sorrows; ‫لعب‬
genial; pretty, charming, lovely, graceful; ‫‘( في عقله‬aqlilhī) to turn s.o.’s head II to
intellectually refined, full of esprit, make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) play, set (‫ هـ‬s.th.) going; to
brilliant, witty; elegant; ‫ اللطيف‬the Kind wag (‫ هـ‬the tail) III to play (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
(one of the attributes of God) │ ‫ يا لطيف‬O 888 have fun, play around, jest, dally,
my God! good heavens! for goodness trifle (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to make play, cause
sake! ‫( الجنس اللطيف‬jins) the fair sex to play (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to play, act playfully VI
to play (‫ ب‬with s.th.); to make fun (‫ ب‬of
‫ لطيفة‬laṭīfa pl. ‫ لطائف‬laṭā’if2 witticism,
s.o.), mock (‫ ب‬at s.o.); to pull s.o.’s (‫)ب‬
quip; joke, jest; subtlety, nicety │ ‫لطائف‬
leg; to playa trick; to act fraudulently
‫ الحيل‬l. al-ḥiyal subtle tricks; ‫ لطائف النكات‬l.
an-nukāt nice jokes ‫ لعب‬la‘b, li‘b, la‘ib pl. ‫ العاب‬al‘āb play;
game, joke, jest; (un, amusement,
‫ الطف‬alṭaf2 finer; more delicate; kinder,
diversion, pastime, sport │ ‫لعب القمار‬
nicer, more elegant
gambling, gamble; ‫ اللعاب الَولمبية‬the
‫ مَلاطفة‬mulāṭafa amiable treatment, Olympic Games; ‫( ألعاب رياضية‬riyāḍīya)
amiability; civility, courteousness, athletics, sports; ‫( ألعاب سحرية‬siḥrīya)
politeness; friendliness; benevolence, legerdemain, sleight of hand, magic; ‫العاب‬
kindness; caress; pl. -āt caresses ‫ القوى‬a. as-quwā athletics, specif., track
‫ تلطف‬talaṭṭuf friendliness (‫ ب‬toward and
s.o.), amiability; favoring, favoritism; field; ‫( العاب نارية‬nārīya) fireworks; ‫ساحة‬
civility, courteousness, politeness ‫ الألعاب‬athletic field; ‫ مَدرس الأتعاب‬mudarris
‫ مَلطفات‬mulaṭṭafāt sedatives al-a. athletic coach, athletics instructor

‫ لطم‬laṭama i (laṭm) to strike with the ‫ لعب‬la‘ib funny, amusing, merry, gay
hand (‫ هـ‬the face, with despair, in ‫ لعبة‬la‘ba (n. un.) game; trick
lamentation); to slap (‫ ه‬s.o.); to jolt; to
‫ لعبة‬lu‘ba pl. ‫ لعب‬lu‘ab plaything, toy;
eject; to bump, strike (‫ هـ‬against s.th.); to
doll; butt for mirth or derision, sport,
hit (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to exchange blows, fight,
laughingstock
brawl, battle (hostile armies); to collide,
clash (waves) VIII to collide, clash ‫ لعبة‬lu‘ba, ‫ لعاب‬la‘‘āb and ‫ لعيب‬li‘‘īb very
playful
‫ لطمة‬laṭma pl. laṭamāt blow; slap, box
on the ear; jolt, thrust ‫ لعاب‬lu‘āb saliva, spittle; slaver, drivel
│ ‫ لعاب الشمس‬l. aš-šams gossamer, air
‫ لطيم‬laṭīm parentless
threads; ‫ سال لعابه على‬his mouth watered for
‫ مَلطم‬malṭam cheek …
‫ مَتلطم‬multaṭam clash (esp., of waves), ‫ لعابي‬lu‘ābī salivary; mucous, slimy
tumult, turmoil (of a battle, and the like),
‫ لعيبة‬lu‘aiba pl. -āt (little) doll
melee
‫ لعوب‬la‘ūb flighty, coquettish,
‫ لظي‬laẓiya a (‫ لظى‬laẓan) to burn brightly, flare,
flirtatious (woman); playful, dallying,
flame, blaze, be ablaze; to burn with rage
trifling
V and VIII do.
‫ العوبة‬ul‘ūba pl. ‫ الاعيب‬alā‘īb2 plaything,
‫ لظى‬laẓan blazing fire, blaze, flame
toy; play, sport, dalliance; fun; prank; trick
‫ لعب‬la‘aba and la‘iba a (la‘b) to slaver; to
‫ مَلعب‬mal‘ab pl. ‫ مَلاعب‬malā‘ib2
slobber, drool (baby); -- la‘iba a (lu‘b,
playground; athletic field, stadium;
li‘b, la‘ib, ‫ تلعاب‬tal‘āb) to play (‫ ب‬with
playhouse, theater; scene; circus ring; pl.
s.th.; ‫ على‬an instrument); to toy ( with); to
‫ مَلاعب‬malā‘ib matches, contests, events (in
dally (‫ ب‬with); to trick, cheat, deceive,
sports)
dupe (‫ على‬s.o.) │ ‫( لعب الوراق‬aurāqa) to
play cards; ‫( لعب دورا‬dauran) to play a part ‫ مَلعبة‬mal‘aba plaything, toy
or role; ‫ لعب الموسيقى‬to make music; ‫لعب‬
‫ تلعب‬talā‘ub game (e.g., of a ‫ لعن‬la‘n cursing, execration,
speculator, of a gambler), gamble; free malediction
play │ ‫( مَجال التلعب‬majāl) free play, free ‫ لعنة‬la‘na pl. la‘anāt, ‫ لعان‬li‘ān curse;
scope, elbow-room; latitude, margin; execration, imprecation │ ‫لعنة ا عليه‬
clearance God’s curse upon him!
‫ لَعب‬lā‘ib playing; player; sportsman; ‫ لعنة‬lu‘na damned, cursed, confounded;
athlete; gymnast │ ‫ لَعب الجنباز‬l. al-jumbāz execrable, abominable
gymnast, athlete
‫ لعان‬li‘ān oath of condemnation; sworn
‫ مَلعوب‬mal‘ūb pl. ‫ مَلعيب‬malā‘īb2 allegation of adultery committed by either
covered with spittle; slobbering, driveling, husband or wife (Isl. Law)
drooling; prank, trick, ruse, artifice
‫ لعين‬la‘īn and ‫ مَلعون‬mal‘ūn pl. ‫مَلاعين‬
‫ مَلعب‬mulā‘ib fellow player; playmate, malā‘īn2 cursed; confounded; damned;
playfellow; fraudulent outcast, execrable; detested, abhorred,
‫ لعثم‬II tala‘tama to hesitate; to falter, stutter, abominable; ‫ اللعين‬the Evil One, the Devil
stammer ‫ مَتلاعن‬mutalā‘in cursing each other,
‫ لعثمة‬la‘tama and ‫ لعثم‬tala‘tum hostile, inimical
hesitation; stuttering, stutter ‫ لعا لك‬la‘an laka call to one who has stumbled:
‫ مَتلعثم‬mutala‘tim and ‫ مَتلعثم اللسان‬m. al- may you rise again!
lisān stammering, stuttering ‫ لغوب‬lugūb, lagub exhaustion, lassitude,
‫ لعج‬la‘aja a (la‘j) to hurt, be sore, burn III to fatigue, weariness; great pains, trouble,
oppress, distress, agonize (‫ ه‬s.o.) toil
‫ لعجة‬la‘ja pain ‫ لاغب‬lāgib pl. ‫ لغب‬luggab languid,
fatigued, weary, tired
‫ لاعج‬lā‘ij pl. ‫ لواعج‬lawā‘ij2 ardent,
burning (esp., love); pl. ‫ لواعج‬ardent love, ‫ لغد‬lugd pl. ‫ الغاد‬algād, ‫ لغود‬lugūd and ‫لغد‬
ardor (of love) ‫ ود‬lugdūd pl. ‫ لغاديد‬lagādīd2 flesh at the
throat and under the chin
‫ العس‬al‘as2, f. ‫ لعساء‬la‘sā’2 red-lipped
‫ لغز‬lagaza u (lagz) to speak in riddles; to
‫ لعق‬la‘iqa a (la‘q, ‫ لعقة‬la‘qa, lu‘qa) to lick (‫هـ‬
equivocate III and IV do.
s.th.)
‫ لغز‬lugz pl. ‫ الغاز‬algāz riddle, puzzle;
‫ لعقة‬la‘qa spoonful
enigma; conundrum; mystery, secret │ O
‫ لعوق‬la‘ūq electuary ‫ لغز الكلمات المتقاطعة‬l. al-kalimāt al-
‫ مَلعقة‬mil‘aqa pl. ‫ مَلعق‬malā‘iq2 spoon │ mutaqāṭi‘a crossword puzzle
‫ مَلعقة شاي‬teaspoon ‫ مَلغز‬mulgaz puzzling, enigmatic,
1
‫ لعل‬la‘l garnet (min.) cryptic, mysterious; dark, obscure,
2
ambiguous, equivocal
‫ لعل‬la‘alla see 2‫عل‬
‫ لغط‬lagaṭa a (lagṭ, ‫ لغاط‬ligāṭ) to be clamorous
‫ لعلع‬la‘la‘a to resound, reverberate, and noisy; to raise a din; to shout, clamor
clang, roar, boom II tala‘la‘a to shimmer, II and IV do.
glimmer, gleam, flicker; to be starved; 869
to be parched with thirst; to be exhausted ‫ لغط‬lagṭ, lagaṭ, pl. ‫ الغاط‬algāṭ noise, din;
clamor, shouting; lamentation (‫ عن‬over or
‫ لعلع‬la‘la‘ pl. ‫ لعالع‬la‘āli‘2 vibration of for s.th.) i uproar, turmoil, tumult
fata morgana 2
‫ لغم‬lagama to mine, plant with mines (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ لعن‬la‘ana a (la‘n) to curse, damn, execrate (‫ه‬
s.o.), utter imprecations (‫ ه‬against s.o.) III ‫ لغم‬lugm, lagam pl. ‫ الغام‬algām mine
to utter the oath of condemnation (‫لعان‬ ‫ لغم‬lagm and ‫ الغام‬ilgām mining (e.g., of
li‘ān, q.v.) VI to curse each other a harbor, of a road, etc.)
2
‫لغم‬IV to amalgamate, alloy with mercury ‫ لف‬laffa u (laff) to wrap up, roll up, fold up (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to wind, coil, spool, reel (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ لغام‬lugām foam, froth
wind (‫ على هـ‬s.th. on; ‫ على هـ‬s.th. around),
‫ الغام‬ilgām amalgamation twist, wrap, fold (‫ على هـ‬s.th. around); to
‫ لغمط‬lagmaṭa (eg.) to smear, sully, soil envelop (‫ ب‬or ‫ في هـ‬s.th. in or with), cover,
swathe, swaddle (‫ هـ‬s.th. ‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in or
(‫ لغا )لغو‬lagā u (lagw) to speak; to be null; -- ‫لغا‬ with), wrap, infold (‫ ب‬or ‫ في هـ‬s.th. in); to
lagā u (lagw) and ‫ لغي‬lagiya a (‫ لغا‬lagan, connect (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with), join, attach (0 ‫ب‬
‫ لَغية‬lāgiya, ‫ مَلغاة‬malgāh) to talk nonsense; s.th. to); to grow densely, be overgrown,
to make mistakes (in speaking) sV to form a tangled mass; to make a round of
render ineffectual (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to declare null calls (‫ على‬on), visit (‫ على‬people); (eg.) to
and void or invalid, invalidate, nullify, go around s.th. (‫)هـ‬, go about s.th. (‫ )هـ‬in a
annul, abolish, abrogate, eliminate (‫هـ‬ roundabout way, make a detour, beat
s.th.), do away (‫ هـ‬with s.th.); to cancel (‫هـ‬ about the bush │ ‫( لف لفه‬laffahū) to do just
a project); to withdraw (‫ هـ‬permission, a like s.o., be of the same kind as s.o.,
motion) belong to the same sort as s.o. II to wrap
‫ لغو‬lagw foolish talk; nonsense; null, up or infold tightly V to wrap o.s. up (‫في‬
nugatory, ineffectual; mistake, blunder, in), cover o.s. (‫ في‬with) VIII do.; to wind,
ungrammatical language twist, coil; to turn, make a turn
(automobile, etc.); to intertwine, grow in a
‫ لغة‬luga pl. -āt language; dialect; idiom; tangled mass; to gather, assemble, rally (
vernacular; lingo, jargon; word; ‫ حول‬around); to clasp, enclose, encircle,
expression, term; ‫ اللغة‬classical Arabic │ embrace (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫( لغة اجنبية‬ajnabīya) foreign language; ‫لغة‬
‫‘( عامَية‬āmmīya) popular language; ‫لغة الكناية‬ ‫ لف‬laff winding, coiling; wrapping,
literary language; ‫ لغة المحادثة‬l. al- enfolding; rolling, folding; (eg.)
muḥādata colloquial language; ‫ لغة المهنة‬l. circumambience, circumvention, detour,
al-mihna professional jargon, slang; ‫لغة‬ roundabout way, subterfuge, dodge,
‫ المولد‬l. al-maulid mother 870 tongue; ‫اهل‬ excuses; pl. ‫ الفاف‬alfāf swaddling clothes,
‫ اللغة‬ahl al-l. philologists, lexicographers; diapers │ ‫( اللف والدوران‬dawarān) detours
‫‘ علم اللغة‬ilm al-l. lexicography, philology, and evasions; ‫( لف ونشر‬našr) folding and
linguistic science, linguistics unfolding; involution and evolution
(rhet.); ‫ مَن غير لف‬without much ado,
‫ لغوة‬lagwa dialect, idiom, vernacular without ceremony
‫ لغوي‬lugawī linguistic; philologic(al); ‫ لف‬liff pl. ‫ الفاف‬alfāf densely growing
lexicographic(al); philologist, trees; pl. thicket, scrub, undergrowth,
lexicographer, linguist; ‫ لغويات‬linguistic brushwood
matters, philologica
‫ لفة‬laffa pl. -āt turn, rotation, revolution;
‫ إلغاء‬ilgā’ abolishment, abolition, coil, twist, convolution, whorl, spire;
abrogation, repeal, elimination, winding; roll, scroll; pack, packet,
cancellation, revocation, rescission; package, bundle, bale; turban │ ‫لفة بريدية‬
annulment, nullification, quashing; (barīdīya) postal package; ‫لفات مَن الرق‬
countermand (raqq) parchment scrolls
‫ لَغ‬lāgin abrogated, repealed, annulled, ‫ لفافة‬lifāfa pl. -āt, ‫ لفائف‬lafā’if wrapping,
canceled, invalid, ineffective, null and covering, cover, envelope; wrapper, wrap;
void altar cloth, cloth covering the paten and
‫ لَغية‬lāgiya grammatical mistake, chalice (Copt.-Chr.); bandage; swaddling
incorrect usage band; puttee; cigarette (also ‫لفافة مَن التبغ‬
min at-tibg); pl. ‫( لفائف‬fig.) guise (of s.th.)
‫ مَلغى‬mulgan abrogated, repealed,
annulled, canceled, invalid, void; ‫ لفيف‬lafīf gathered, assembled;
abolished; expired; suppressed; negligible crowded, thronging; multitude, crowd,
swarm, body, cluster, group (‫ مَن‬of
people); mixed company │ ‫ لفيف الناس‬mob, to look around, glance around; to peer
rabble, riffraff; ‫( اللفيف الجنبي‬ajnabī) the around │ ‫( تلفت حوله‬ḥaulahū) to look
Foreign Legion around, glance around; ‫تلفت يمنة ويسرة‬
(yamnatan wa-yasratan) he looked to the
‫ لفيفة‬lafīfa bundle; package, pocket,
right and left VIII to turn, turn around,
pack; cigarette
turn one’s face (‫ الى‬to); to wheel around,
‫ الف‬alaff2 f. ‫ لفاء‬laffā’2 stout, plump turn around; to address o.s. (‫ الى‬to); to pay
(figure, body) attention, attend (‫ الى‬to), heed, observe,
‫ مَلف‬milaff pl. -āt reel, spool; coil (el.); bear in mind, consider, take into account,
winding; wrapping, covering, casing; take into consideration (‫ الى‬s.th.); to take
blanket, sleeping blanket; cover, wrapper, care (‫ الى‬of), care (‫ الى‬for) │ ‫التفت حوله‬
jacket (of a book, etc.); (letter) envelope; (ḥaulahū) to look around, glance about X
folder, portfolio; letter file; 871 dossier │ to attract (‫ هـ‬the eye, attention); to claim,
O ‫ مَلف التأثير‬induction coil (el.); O ‫مَلف‬ arouse, awaken (‫ هـ‬the interest, the
‫( ابتدائي‬ibtidā’ī) primary coil (el.); O ‫مَلف‬ attention, ‫ مَن‬of s.o.) │ ‫( استلفت نظره‬or
‫ خانق‬choking coil, choke (el.) ‫ )انظاره‬to arouse or attract s.o.’s attention,
catch s.o.’s eye
‫ مَلفاف‬milfāf wrapping, covering, cover
‫ لفت‬lift turnip (Brassica rapa L.; bot.)
‫ تلفيف‬talfīf pl. ‫ تلفيف‬talāfīf2 winding;
coil, twist, convolution, whorl, spire; pl. ‫ لفتة‬lafta (n. un.) turnabout, about-face;
‫ تلفيف‬expletive after ‫في‬, e.g., ‫في تلفيف‬ (pl. lalatāt) turn, turning; gesture;
‫( سويدائها‬suwaidā’ihā) in the depth of her sideglance, glance, a furtive, casual, or
heart; ‫( في تلفيف الظلم‬ẓalām) in the dark; quick, look
‫ بين تلفيفه‬in it, inside it, around in it ‫ لفات‬lafāt and ‫ لفوت‬lafūt ill-tempered,
‫ التفاف‬iltifāf turn; bypassing, surly, sullen
outflanking, sank movement, ‫ الفت‬alfat2, f. ‫ لفتاء‬laftā’2, pl. ‫ لفت‬luft left-
envelopment, surrounding handed
‫ مَلفوف‬malfūf wound, coiled; wrapped ‫ التفات‬iltifāt turn, inclination, turning (‫الى‬
up (‫ في‬in); rolled up, rolled together, to, toward); attention, notice, heed; regard,
convolute; twisted, wound (‫ على‬around); consideration; care, solicitude; sudden
fastened, attached (‫ على‬to); swathed (‫ ب‬in transition (styl.) │ ‫ بدون الَلتفات‬bi-dūn l-ilt.
or with); plump, stout (body); (syr.) inattentive(ly); ‫بدون الَلتفات الى‬
cabbage inconsiderate of, without consideration
‫ مَلتف‬multaff winding, twisting, coiling; for; ‫‘ عدم الَلتفات‬adam al-ilt. inattention;
wound, coiled; rolled up, rolled together, ‫( نظر اليه بعين الَلتفات‬bi-‘ain l-ilt.) to give
convolute; spirally wound; intertwined, s.th. sympathetic consideration
interwoven, entwined; gathered, ‫ استلفاتة‬istilfāta (n. vic.) a turning (‫ الى‬to,
assembled, grouped (‫ حول‬around); toward); turn of the face or eyes; side-
clasping, enclosing, embracing, encircling glance, glance
(‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ استلفات‬istilfāt stimulation of attention
‫ لفت‬lafata i (laft) and IV to turn, bend,
‫ لافتة‬lāfita sign (bearing an inscription)
tilt, incline, direct (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to or
toward), focus (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. on); to turn ‫ مَلفت‬mulfit: ‫( مَلفت للنظر‬naẓar) attracting
sway, avert (‫ عن هـ‬s.th. from) │ ‫لفت نظره الى‬ attention, striking, conspicuous
(naẓarahū), ‫ الفت نظره الى‬to turn one’s eyes ‫ مَلتفت‬multafit turning around, looking (
or one’s attention to; to direct s.o.’s eyes ‫ الى‬at); regardful; attentive; heedful,
to, call s.o.’s attention to; ‫ لفت النظر‬to catch careful; considerate
the eye, attract attention; to be impressive,
stately, imposing; ‫ الفت النظر‬do.; ‫ لفت الناس‬to ‫ لفح‬lafaḥa a (lafḥ, ‫ لفحان‬lafaḥān) to burn,
attract, interest, or captivate people V to scorch, sear (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); -- (lafḥ) to
turn, turn around, turn one’s face (‫ الى‬to); 872 strike lightly; to touch, brush (‫ هـ‬s.th.,
e.g., of the breath)
‫ لفحة‬lafḥa pl. lafaḥāt fire, heat (esp., of ‫ تلفيقة‬talfīqa pl. -āt invented story, fib,
fever) yarn
‫ لفوح‬lafūḥ and ‫ لافح‬lāfiḥ pl. ‫ لوافح‬lawāfiḥ2 ‫ مَلفق‬mulaffaq invented, fabricated,
burning, scorching, searing trumped up, fake, fictitious; concocted,
contrived, devised; patched up, pieced
‫ لفاح‬luffāḥ mandrake (Mandragora
together; embellished with lies
officinarum; bot.)
‫ لفلف‬laflafa to wrap up, envelop, cover (a s.th.)
‫ لفظ‬lafaẓa i (lafz) to emit (‫ هـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th.); to spit
II talaflafa to wrap o.s. up (‫ ب‬,‫ في‬in)
out (‫ هـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th.); to eject (‫ هـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th.); to
throw (‫ ه‬s.o.) out (‫ مَن‬of); to speak, ‫ لفو‬IV to find (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) VI to put right, to
enunciate, articulate; to pronounce, utter, right, repair, correct (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make
express, voice, say (‫ ه‬,‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫لفظ النفس‬ good (‫ هـ‬a deficiency), eliminate, remove (
‫( الخير‬nafas) to breathe one’s last, die, ‫ هـ‬a danger); to remedy (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to redress
expire; to be in the throes of death; ‫لفظ‬ (‫ هـ‬a loss, and the like), make up (‫ هـ‬for a
‫( انفاسه‬anfāsahū) to be in the throes of loss)
death, breathe one’s last; ‫لفظه لفظ النواة‬ ‫ مَلفاة‬mulāfāh correction, adjustment,
(lafẓa n-nawāh) to spit s.th. out like a date elimination (of a deficiency)
pit, brush s.th. aside, reject s.th., dismiss
s.th. V to pronounce, enunciate, articulate ‫ تلف‬talāfin repair, correction;
(‫ ب‬s.th.) elimination, removal (of a deficiency, of a
danger); remedy; redress, reparation
‫ لفظ‬lafẓ pl. ‫ الفاظ‬alfāẓ sound-group,
phonetic complex; expression, term; ‫ لقب‬II to call, surname (‫ ب ه‬s.o. by an agnomen
word; wording; formulation; articulation, or title) V to be surnamed (‫ ب‬by an
enunciation, pronunciation; ‫ لفظا‬verbatim, agnomen or title)
literally │ ‫( لفظا ومَعنى‬ma‘nan) in letter and ‫ لقب‬laqab pl. ‫ القاب‬alqāb agnomen;
spirit; ‫( أخطأ اللفظ‬akṭa’a) to mispronounce nickname; title, honorific; last name,
‫ لفظي‬lafẓī of or pertaining to words, surname, family name (as opposed to ‫اسم‬
verbal; literal; pronounced; oral given name, first name) │ ‫ لقب البطولة‬title
of champion (in sports)
‫ لفظة‬lafẓa pl. lafaẓāt word; utterance,
saying ‫ مَلقب‬mulaqqab surnamed, nicknamed,
called (‫ ب‬by the laqab ...) 873
‫ لفيظ‬lafīẓ ejected, emitted; pronounced,
uttered ‫ لقح‬laqaḥa a (laqḥ) and II to impregnate,
fecundate, pollinate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to graft, bud
‫ تلفظ‬talaffuẓ pronunciation, enunciation, (‫ هـ‬a tree); to inoculate, vaccinate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
articulation VI to cross-pollinate
‫ مَلفوظ‬malfūẓ ejected, emitted; ‫ لقح‬laqḥ impregnation, fecundation,
pronounced, uttered pollination
‫ لفع‬lafa‘a a (laf‘): ‫ لفع الشيب رأسه‬l. š-šaibu ‫ لقاح‬laqāḥ seed, semen, sperm; pollen;
ra’sahū grey hair covered his bead II to infective agent, virus; vaccine │ ‫لقاح‬
cover (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with) │ ‫ لفع الشيب رأسه‬l. š- ‫ الجدري‬l. al-judarī variolovaccine; O ‫لقاح‬
šaibu ra’sahū = I; V and VIII to wrap o.s. ‫ الوقاية‬serum
up (‫ ب‬in)
‫ تلقيح‬talqīḥ impregnation, fecundation,
‫ مَلفع‬milfa‘ head shawl, muffler pollination, grafting, budding; inoculation,
‫ لفق‬II to invent, fabricate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to concoct, vaccination │ ‫ تلقيح الجدرى‬t. al-judarī
contrive, devise, think out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to vaccination (against smallpox)
falsify (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to trump up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ دقيق اللواقح‬daqīq al-lawāqiḥ2 pollen
patch up, piece together (‫ الى‬a s.th. with)
‫ مَلقح‬mulaqqaḥ inoculated, vaccinated
‫ تلفيق‬talfīq invention, fabrication,
concoction, fibbing; falsification ‫ لقس‬laqis: ‫ لقس النفس‬l. an-nafs annoyed,
cross
‫ لقط‬laqaṭa u (laqṭ) to gather, collect, feed bit by bit (‫ ه‬s.o.); to load (‫ هـ‬a
pick up from the ground, glean (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II weapon; syr.) │ ‫( لقم القهوة‬qahwa) to stir
= I V to gather, glean (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pick up ( ground coffee into hot water IV to make (‫ه‬
‫ هـ‬s.th., also, e.g., with the ear) VIII = I; to s.o.) swallow; to feed bit by bit (‫ ه‬s.o.)
receive (‫ هـ‬radio waves, a radio message; VIII to devour, swallow up (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫لقمة‬
to take (‫ هـ‬a picture; phot.) │ ‫التقط صورة‬ luqma pl. ‫ لقم‬luqam bite; bit, mouthful;
(ṣūra) to make a picture little piece, morsel │ ‫ لقمة سائغة‬titbit,
choice morsel: ‫( جعله لقمة سائغة ل‬ja‘alahū)
‫ لقط‬laqaṭ that which ill picked up or
to make s.o. an easy prey of ...; ‫لقمة القاضي‬
gathered, leftovers, gleanings
pastry of fine flour, fried in oil like
‫ لقطة‬luqṭa that which ill picked up or doughnuts and sprinkled with sugar or
gleaned, gleanings; article or thing found; honey
(lucky) find; (eg.) bargain, pickup
‫ لقيمة‬luqaima pl. -āt snack, bit, morsel
‫ لقاط‬luqāṭ and ‫ لقاطة‬luqāṭa that which is
‫ مَلقم‬mulaqqim pl. -ūn (syr.; mil.)
picked up or gleaned; leftover ears of
assistant gunner, loader, cannoneer no. 1
grain, gleanings; offal, refuse
2
‫ لقمي‬laqmī or ‫( لاقمي‬magr.) palm wine 874
‫ لقيط‬laqīṭ pl. ‫ لقطاء‬luqatā’2 picked up,
3
found; foundling ‫ لقمان‬luqmān2 Lokman, a legendary sage and
author of numerous fables │ ‫بقيت دار لقمان‬
‫ لقيطة‬laqīṭa (female) foundling
‫( على حالها‬baqiyat) everything has
‫ مَلقط‬milqaṭ pl. ‫ مَلاقط‬malāqiṭ2 (pair of) remained as before
tongs, pincers; (pair of) tweezers, pincette;
‫ لقن‬laqina a (‫ لقانة‬laqāna, ‫ لقانية‬laqāniya) to
(pair of) pliers │ ‫ مَلقط الجنين‬forceps; ‫مَلقط‬
understand, grasp (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to gather,
‫ النار‬fire tongs
infer, note (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to teach (‫ هـ ه‬s.o.
‫ التقاط‬iltiqāt gathering, collection, s.th.), instruct (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. in); to dictate (‫هـ ه‬
gleaning; taking up, picking up; reception to s.o. s.th.); to instill, infuse, inculcate,
(radio) │ ‫ جهاز الَلتقاط‬jahāẓ al-ilt. receiver inspire (‫ هـ ه‬in s.o. s.th.), insinuate, suggest
(radio) (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to whisper (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o.
‫ لَقط‬lāqiṭ receiving (radio set); gleaner; s.th.), prompt (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I; to learn,
gatherer │ O ‫ لاقط الصوت‬l. aṣ-ṣaut pickup receive, get (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from), be informed
(of a phonograph); phonograph; O ‫لاقطة‬ (‫ مَن هـ‬of s.th. by)
‫ اللغام‬mine sweeper ‫ لقانة‬laqāna and ‫ لقانية‬laqāniya quick
‫ مَلتقط‬multaqiṭ finder understanding, grasp

‫ لقع‬laqa‘a a (laq‘) to throwaway, discard (‫هـ‬ ‫ تلقين‬talqīn instruction, direction;


s.th.) dictation; dictate; inspiration, insinuation,
suggestion; suborning of a witness (Isl.
‫ لقف‬laqifa a (laqf, ‫ لقفان‬laqatan) to seize Law)
quickly, grab, snatch (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to catch (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to snatch up, take over (‫ عن هـ‬s.th. ‫ مَلقن‬mulaqqin prompter; inspirer; a
from s.o.) V and VIII do.; to seize (‫ هـ‬on), faqīh who instructs the deceased at his
rob, usurp (‫ هـ‬s.th.) grave what to tell the two angels of death

‫ لقلق‬laqlaqa to clatter (stork); to babble, ‫ لقوة‬laqwa facial paralysis


chatter, prattle ‫ لقي‬laqiya a (‫ لقاء‬liqā’, ‫ لقيان‬luqyān, ‫لقي‬
‫ لقلق‬laqlaq and ‫ لقلق‬laqlāq pl. ‫لقالق‬ luqy, ‫ لقية‬luqya, ‫ لقى‬luqan) to encounter (,‫هـ‬
laqāliq2 stork ‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.), meet (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with s.o., with
s.th.); to meet (‫ ه‬s.o.); to come across s.o.
‫ لقلقة‬laqlaqa clatter (of a stork); babble, or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)هـ‬, light upon s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫;)هـ‬
chatter, prattle; (eg.) gossip to find (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to experience,
1
‫ لقم‬laqama u (laqm) to clog up, obstruct, block undergo, suffer, endure (III s.th.), meet
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- laqima a (/aqrn) to eat, with s.th. (‫ ;)هـ‬to fall to s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬lot or
devour. gobble, swallow up (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to share III to meet, come to meet (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
encounter (‫ ه‬s.o.), have an encounter (‫ه‬ 875 ‫( القى المسؤولية عليه‬mas’ūlīya) to place
with); to come across s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)هـ‬, the responsibility on s.o., saddle s.o. with
light upon s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)هـ‬to the responsibility V receive (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
experience, undergo, suffer, endure (‫هـ‬ s.th.); to take, accept (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to get,
s.th.). meet (‫ هـ‬with s.th.); to receive, get, obtain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to learn (‫ عن هـ‬of s.th.
obtain, achieve (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫لاقى آذانا صاغية‬ from), be informed (‫ عن هـ‬of s.th. by); to
(ṣāgiyatan) to find willing ears IV to learn (‫ على‬or ‫ عن هـ‬s.th. from s.o.), take
throw, cast, fling (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to throw off, lessons (‫ عن‬from s.o.), be taught, be
throw down. drop (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to throw away, instructed, be coached (‫ عن‬by s.o.) │ ‫تلقى‬
discard (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to put or lay (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫( امَرا‬amran) to receive an order, have
before s.o. (‫)على‬, submit (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to orders (soldier); ‫ تلقى الوامَر‬to take orders
s.o.), pose (‫ على هـ‬a question to s.o.); to (com., and the like); ‫تلقاه بالتسليم والقبول‬
report (‫ على‬or ‫ الى هـ‬on s.th. to s.o.), set (qabūl) to agree wholeheartedly to s.th.,
forth (‫ على‬or ‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to recite, submit willingly to s.th.; ‫ تلقى دروسا في‬to
play, sing (‫ هـ‬a song, a musical take lessons in (some field, ort, science,
composition); to present (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a eto.); ‫ تلقى العلوم في الجامَعة‬to study at the
broadcast); to give (‫ هـ‬a lecture), hold (‫ هـ‬a university VI to meet, join each other,
class), make, deliver (‫ هـ‬a speech); to come together, get together VIII do.; to
extend (‫ هـ‬a greeting, ‫ الى‬to s.o.); to encounter, meet (‫ ب‬s.o.) X to throw o.s.
impose, lay (‫ على هـ‬s.th. on s.o.), burden (‫هـ‬ down; to lie down, lie
‫ على‬with s.th. s.o.) │ ‫ القى بالَ ل‬,‫ القى باله الى‬to ‫ لقى‬laqan pl. ‫ القاء‬alqā’ offal, discard
pay attention to; ‫( القى بيانا عن‬bayānan) to
make a statement about or on; ‫القى البيض‬ ‫ لقية‬luqya encounter, meeting; luqya,
(baiḍ) to lay eggs; ‫( القى بزمَامَه الى‬bi- laqīya s.th. found, a find
ẓimāmihī) or ‫( القى مَقاليد امَره الى فلن‬m. ‫ لقيا‬luqyā encounter, meeting
amrihī) to lay one’s rate in s.o.’s hands,
entrust one’s fate to s.o.; ‫القى بنفسه‬ ‫ لقاية‬liqāya encounter, meeting; s.th.
(binafsihī) to throw o.s. into, plunge into; found, a find
‫( القى بنفسه في احضانه‬aḥḍānihī) to throw o.s. ‫ القية‬ulqiya riddle, conundrum
into s.o.’s arms; ‫( القى بيده‬bi-yadihī) to
surrender to s.o., give o.s. up to s.o.; ‫القى‬ ‫ تلقاء‬tilqā’a (prep.) opposite; in front of
‫( الحبل على الغارب‬ḥabl) to give froe rein, │ ‫ مَن تلقاء نفسه‬min tilqā’i nafsihī or ‫مَن تلقاء‬
give a free hand, impose no restraint; ‫القى‬ ‫ ذاته‬by o.s., of one’s own accord,
‫ خطابا على‬to make a public address to; ‫القى‬ spontaneously, automatically
‫( الدرس‬dars) to recite the lesson; ‫القى الرعب‬ ‫ تلقائي‬tilqā’ī automatic; spontaneous;
‫( في قلبه‬ru‘b, qalbih`i) to strike terror to ‫ تلقائيا‬spontaneously, automatically
s.o.’s heart, frighten, alarm s.o.; ‫القى السلح‬
‫ مَلقى‬malqan pl. ‫ مَلق‬malāqin meeting
to lay down one’s arms, capitulate,
place, rendezvous; junction, crossing,
surrender; ‫( القى المع اليه‬sam‘) to lend one’s
intersection; road or street intersection,
ear to s.o., listen to s.o.; ‫القوا اليه اسماعهم‬
crossroads
(asmā‘ahum) they lent him their ears, they
listened to him; َ‫( القى عليه سؤال‬suālan) to ‫ لقاء‬liqā’ encounter; meeting; get
put a question to s.o., ask s.o. a question; together; reunion; liqā’a (prep.) in
‫ القى على عاتقه شيئا‬to impose s.th. on s.o., exchange for, in return for, for, on │ ‫الى‬
hold s.o. responsible for; ‫ القى علومَا‬to teach ‫( كفالة‬kafāla) on bail; ‫ الى اللقاء‬good by! so
sciences; ‫( القى القبض على‬qabḍ) to arrest long! au revoir!
s.o.; ‫ القى القنابل على‬to drop bombs on s.th., ‫ مَلقاة‬mulāqāh encounter, meeting, get-
bomb s.th.; ‫( القى عليه القول‬qaul) to dictate to together, reunion; reception
s.o.; to direct, instruct s.o., give s.o.
instructions; ‫( القى عليها كلمة الطلق‬kalimata ‫ القاء‬ilqā’ throwing, casting, throw, cast,
ṭ-ṭalāq) he pronounced the formula of fling; delivery, diction; dictation;
divorce against her; ‫القى مَحاضرة‬ recitation, recital │ ‫‘ علم اللقاء‬ilm al-i.
(muhāḍara) to give a lecture, hold a class; elocution
‫ تلق‬talaqqin receipt, reception, ‫ لكم‬lakama u (lakm) to strike with the fist, box,
acceptance; acquisition (also of a skill, of punch III to engage in a fiat fight, box (‫ه‬
knowledge, eto.); learning (of an art, skill, with s.o.)
eto.); pursuit (of studies) │ ‫تلقى العلوم في‬ ‫ لكمة‬lakma pl. lakamāt blow with the
studies at (e.g., at a university) fist, punch
‫ تلق‬talāqin meeting, encounter ‫ مَلكمة‬milkama boxing glove
‫ التقاء‬iltiqā’ meeting, reunion (‫ مَع‬with) ‫ مَلاكمة‬mulākama fist fight, boxing
‫ مَلق‬mulqin: ‫ مَلقيات اللغام البحرية‬mulqiyāt matoh
al-a. al-baḥrīya mine layers ‫ مَلاكم‬mulākim boxer, pugilist, prize
‫ مَلى‬mulqan thrown, cast, discarded fighter
1
‫ مَلتقى‬multaqan pl. ‫ مَلتقيات‬multaqayāt ‫ لكن‬lakina a (lakan, ‫ لكن‬lukna, ‫ لكونة‬lukūna, ‫لكنو‬
meeting place, rendezvous; gathering ‫ نة‬luknūna) to speak incorrectly,
point, collecting center; intersection, barbarously; to stammer
junction, confluence, crossroads │ ‫الى‬ ‫ لكنة‬lukna stutter, stammer; incorrect
‫ الملتقى‬good-by! so long! au revoir! usage, ungrammatical language; incorrect
1
‫ لك‬lakka u (lakk) to hit with the fist, to cuff, pronunciation
buffet, pommel (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to be pressed ‫ لكانة‬lakāna: ‫( لكانة في الكلم‬kalām) speech
together, thickly set, crammed, jammed, defect, faltering way of speaking
crowded; to crowd together, gather in a
mass; to make mistakes or blunders, speak ‫ الكن‬alkan2, f. ‫ لكناء‬laknā’2, pl. ‫ لكن‬lukn
ungrammatically speaking incorrectly; stammering,
2 stuttering
‫ لك‬lakk pl. ‫ الكاك‬alkāk, ‫ لكوك‬lukūk lac, one
2
hundred thousand (specif., 100,000 ‫لكن‬lakan pl. ‫ الكان‬alkān basin, copper basin
rupees) 3
‫ لكن‬lākin, lakinna see ‫لاكن‬
3
‫ لك‬lukk, lakk resin; lao; sealing wax ‫ لكي‬li-kai, ‫ لكيما‬li-kai-mā see ‫ ل‬li
‫ لكأ‬laka’a a (‫ لكء‬lak’) to strike, hit; -- ‫ لكئ‬laki’a 2
‫ لم‬lam (particle, with foll. apoc.) not │ ‫لم يكتب‬
a (‫ لكأ‬laka’) to abide, remain, stay (‫ ب‬at a lam yaktub he did not write; ‫ الم‬a-lam
place) V to be tardy, dilatory, slow, to not ... though? ‫( الم اقل لكم‬aqul) haven’t I
dawdle, tarry, hesitate (‫ في‬in s.th.); to told you, though? َ‫ ال‬-- ‫ لم‬lam -- illā only,
loiter, loaf, hang about │ ‫تلكأ في الداء‬ nothing but, just, not till, not before
(adā’) to be in default, fail to meet one’s 2
financial obligations ‫ لم‬lima = ‫ لما‬li-mā, see ‫ ل‬li
3
‫ لكأة‬luka’a hesitant, tardy, dilatory, ‫ لم‬lamma u (lamm) to gather, collect, assemble
sluggish, slow; behindhand, in arrears, (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to reunite (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to arrange,
defaulting 876 settle, put in order (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to repair (‫هـ‬
s.th.), pass. lumma to suffer from or be
‫ لكز‬lakaza u (lakz) to strike with the fist; to stricken by a slight mental derangement │
kick (‫ ه‬s.o.), to thrust (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫( لم شعثه‬ša‘atahū) to put s.th. in order
‫ لكز‬lakiz miserly, stingy again, straighten s.th. out, put s.th. right;
to recover, pick up; to help s.o. get back
‫ لكاز‬likāz pin, nail; peg on his feet, ‫( لم شمل القطيع‬šamla l-q.) to
‫ لكيع‬lakī‘ pl. ‫ لكعاء‬luka‘ā’ moan, base, round up the herd IV to befall, overcome
ignominious, disgraceful, wicked, (fatigue, fear, weakness, adversities, etc.;
depraved; silly, foolish s.o.); to pay (‫ ب‬s.o.) a short visit, call ( on
s.o.), stop, stay (‫ ب‬at s.o.’s house); to have
‫ لكاعة‬lakā‘a meanness, baseness,
sexual intercourse (‫ ب‬with s.o.); to broach
disgracefulness, wickedness, depravity
(‫ ب‬a topic), .peak (‫ ب‬about). discuss (‫ب‬
s.th.), to give a survey (‫ ب‬of), outline,
state briefly (‫ ب‬s.th.), to touch briefly (‫ب‬
on a subject), to be acquainted or familiar glisten, shimmer II to insinuate, intimate,
(.... with s.th.), to get to know (‫ ب‬s.th.), to give to understand (‫ الى‬s.th.), hint (‫ الى‬at),
familiarize o.s., acquaint o.s. (‫ ب‬with allude, refer (‫ الى‬to) III to cast a casual or
s.th.), to commit, perpetrate (‫ ب‬a crime), furtive glance (‫ ه‬at s.o.) IV to glance
to take, consume (‫ ب‬food, drink) VIII to casually or furtively (‫ الى‬or ‫ ه‬at s.o.)
gather, assemble, rally; to unite; to visit ‫ لمح‬lamḥ quick look, glance; moment,
(s.o.), call (‫ ه‬on) instant │ ‫ لمح البصر‬l. al-baṣar glance of the
‫ لمة‬lamma pl. ‫ لمام‬limām collection; eye; ,‫ دون لمح البصر‬,‫ كلمح البصر‬,‫في لمح البصر‬
gathering, assembly; visit, call; ‫( في اقل مَن لمح البصر‬aqalla) like lightning,
misfortune, calamity, slight mental in a trice, instantly, in no time
derangement, touch of insanity ‫ لمحة‬lamḥa pl. lamaḥāt quick, casual
‫ لمة‬limma pl. ‫ لمم‬limam curl, ringlet, look, glance; wink; glow of light, light,
lock brightness, flash (of lightning) │ ‫فيه لمحة‬
‫( مَن ابيه‬abīhi) he looks like his father
‫ لمة‬lumma traveling party; group, troop,
body (of people) ‫ لماح‬lammāḥ shimmering, gleaming,
shining
‫ لمم‬lamam slight mental derangement
‫ مَلامَح‬malāmiḥ2 features, lineaments;
‫ لمامَا‬limāman occasionally, from time to
traits; outward appearance, looks │ ‫فيه‬
time, rarely, seldom
‫( مَلمَح مَن ابيه‬abīhi) he looks like his father;
‫ لمام‬lammām wild thyme (bot.) ‫( مَلمَح وظلل‬ẓilāl) lights and shades (in
‫ المام‬ilmām knowledge, cognizance (‫ب‬ painting)
of s.th.); acquaintance, familiarity, ‫ تلميح‬talmīḥ pl. ‫ تلامَيح‬talāmīḥ2 allusion,
conversance (‫ ب‬with); (pl. -āt) survey, intimation, insinuation, hint, reference;
outline, summary, resume ‫ تلميحا‬by way of suggestion, indirectly
‫ لامَة‬lāmma evil eye 877 ‫ لمز‬lamaza u i (lamz) to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) a wink; to
‫ مَلموم‬malmūm collected, gathered, speak ill (‫ ه‬of s.o.), carp (‫ ه‬at s.o.), find
assembled; concentrated at one point; fault (‫ ه‬with s.o.), criticize, blame,
slightly insane censure, backbite, slander, defame (‫ ه‬s.o.)

‫ مَلم‬mulimm completely familiar, ‫ لمزة‬lumaza and ‫ لماز‬lammāz fault-


conversant (‫ ب‬with); expert, connoisseur finder, captious critic, caviler, carper
│ ‫ مَلم بالقراءة والكتابة‬literate 1
‫ لمس‬lamasa u i (lams) to touch, handle, feel
‫ مَلمة‬mulimma pl. -āt misfortune, with the hand, finger (‫ هـ‬s.th.), pass one’s
calamity, disaster hand (‫ هـ‬over s.th.); to seek (‫ هـ‬s.th.), look,
1
search, ask (‫ هـ‬for); to perceive, notice (‫هـ‬
‫ لما‬li-mā see ‫ ل‬li s.th., ‫ الى‬that), become aware (‫ هـ‬of s.th., ‫ان‬
2
‫ لما‬lammd (conj.) when, as, after; since, that) │ ‫( لَ يلمس‬yulmasu) intangible,
whereas; (particle; with foll. apoc.) not, impalpable; ‫ لمس الحقائق‬to take thing, as
not yet they are, face the facts III to be in touch or
contact (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with s.o., with s.th.); to
‫( لمباجو‬Engl.) lambāgō lumbago touch, feel, finger, palpate (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.);
‫ لمبة‬lamba pl. -āt lamp; tube (radio) to have sexual intercourse (‫ ها‬with a
woman) V to feel out, finger, palpate (‫هـ‬
‫ لمج‬V to take a snack
s.th.); to fumble, grope about; to grope,
‫ لمجة‬lumja appetizer, hors d’oeuvre, fumble (‫ هـ‬for s.th.); to look, search (‫هـ‬
relish, snack for); to ask (‫ هـ‬for) VI to touch each other,
‫ لمح‬lamaḥa a (lamḥ) to glance (‫ الى‬or ‫ ه‬at s.o.); be in mutual contact VIII to request (‫هـ مَن‬
to see, sight, behold, notice (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); s.th. from s.o., ‫ ل‬for s.o.), ask (‫ مَن هـ‬for
to become aware (‫ ان‬that); -- (lamḥ, ‫لمحان‬ s.th. s.o.), solicit (‫ ل ه‬s.th. for); to beg (‫هـ‬
lamaḥān, ‫ تلماح‬talmāḥ) to flash, sparkle, for), request urgently (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to seek (‫هـ‬
s.th.), look, search (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬for s.th., for s.o.)
‫ لمس‬lams feeling, groping; touching, ‫ لمع‬lam‘ and ‫ لمعان‬lama‘ān luster, sheen,
touch │ ‫ حاسة اللمس‬ḥāssat al-l. sense of shine; shimmer, gleam, glow, brightness,
touch light
‫ لمسى‬lamsī tactual, tactile, of or ‫ لمعة‬lum‘a pl. ‫ لمع‬luma‘, ‫ لماع‬limā‘
pertaining to the sense of touch shimmer, gleam, glow, flash, sparkle,
glitter, brilliancy, radiance, beam; gloss,
‫ لمسية‬lamsīya (tun.) date which has not
luster, burnish, polish; some, a little
attained full ripeness
‫ لماع‬lammā‘ bright, brilliant, lustrous,
‫ لمسة‬lamsa (n. vic.) touch; (pl. -āt)
sparkling, flashing, glistening, shining,
retouch 878
radiant; O glossy, glazed, burnished,
‫ لميس‬lamīs soft to the touch polished, satined, calendered (tech.) │ ‫جلد‬
‫ مَلمس‬malmas pl. ‫ مَلمَس‬malāmis2 place ‫( لماع‬jild) patent leather
of touch, spot touched, point of contact; O ‫ المع‬alma‘2 and ‫ المعي‬alma‘ī sagacious,
feeler, tentacle (of insects); touch; contact smart, shrewd, clever, bright, intelligent;
│ ‫ ناعم الملمس‬soft to the touch -- ‫ المع‬alma‘ more lustrous, shinier
‫ مَلمسي‬malmasī tactual, tactile ‫ المعية‬alma‘īya sagacity, smartness,
‫ مَلمَسة‬mulāmasa touching, touch, shrewdness, cleverness, brightness,
contact; feeling, fingering, palpation; intelligence
sexual intercourse ‫ تلميع‬talmī‘ polishing, polish
‫ تلمس‬talammus search, quest ‫ الماعة‬ilmā‘a allusion, hint
‫ التماس‬iltimās request, solicitation; ‫ لَمَع‬lāmi‘ pl. ‫ لوامَع‬lawāmi‘2 brilliant,
application, petition lustrous, shining, gleaming, shimmering
‫ مَلموس‬malmūs touched, felt; palpable, ‫ لَمَعة‬lāmi‘a fontanel (anat.); (pl. ‫لوامَع‬
tangible; ‫ مَلموسات‬things perceptible to the lawāmi‘2) gloss, shine
touch, tangible things
‫ مَتلمع‬mutalammi‘ radiant, brilliant,
‫ مَلتمس‬multamas pl. -āt request, petition, shining, lustrous
application
‫ لملم‬lamlama to gather, gather up (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
2
‫ الماس‬look up alphabetically
‫ مَلملمة‬mulamlama trunk, proboscis (of
‫ لمص‬lamaṣ u (lamṣ) to rail (‫ ه‬at s.o.); to make the elephant)
faces (‫ ه‬at s.o.)
‫ لن‬lan (conj.; with foll. subj.) not (referring to
‫ لمظ‬lamaẓa u (lamẓ) to lick one’s lips; to the future)
smack one’s lips V do. │ ‫( تلمظ بذكره‬bi-
‫( جديد لنج‬eg.) gad`id lang brand-new
dikrihī) to speak ill of s.o., backbite s.o.
‫ لندرة‬landra London
‫ لمع‬lama‘a (lam‘, ‫ لمعان‬lama‘ān) to gleam,
glitter, twinkle, flash, sparkle, glisten, ‫ لندن‬landan London
shimmer, shine │ ‫( لمع بسيفه‬bi-saifihī) to ‫( لنش‬Engl.) lanš pl. -āt launch, small steamer,
brandish the sword; ‫( لمع بيده‬bi-yadihī) to motorboat
wave one’s hand; ‫( لمع في رأسه خاطر‬kāṭirun)
a thought flashed through his mind II to ‫ لنينغراد‬leningrād Leningrad
cause (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to shine, gleam, or twinkle; ‫ لهب‬lahiba a (lahb, lahab, ‫ لهاب‬luhāb, ‫لهي‬
to shine (‫ هـ‬s.th.), give brightness (‫ هـ‬to ‫ ب‬lahīb, ‫ لهبان‬lahabān) to flame, burn,
s.th.); to polish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to burnish (‫هـ‬ blaze II and IV to kindle, light, set on fire,
s.th.) IV to wave (one’s hand); to point ignite, inflame (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to excite, stir 879
out, give to understand, intimate, insinuate up, provoke (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to flame; to be
(‫ الى‬s.th.), hint (‫ الى‬at), allude (‫ الى‬to) VIII aflame, be ablaze, burn (also fig.: cheek,
to flash, radiate, glow, shine; to sparkle, anger, thirst, etc.) VIII = V; to catch fire,
glitter, gleam flare up; to be inflamed (also med.)
‫ لهب‬lahab, lahīb and ‫ لهاب‬luhāb flame, ‫ لهذم‬lahdam sharp, pointed
blaze, flare ‫ لهط‬lahaṭa a (lahṯ) to slap
‫ لهبان‬lahbān, f. ‫ لهبى‬lahbā, pl. ‫ لهاب‬lihāb ‫ لهف‬lahafa a (lahaf) to sigh (‫ على‬for s.th. lost);
parched with thirst to regret, deplore, lament (‫ على‬s.th.); to
‫ الهاب‬ilhāb kindling, lighting, ignition, grieve (‫ على‬for), fret, worry (‫ على‬shout) V
inflammation do.; to be eager, yearn (‫ على‬for, also ‫)ل‬,
pant (‫ على‬after, also ‫)ل‬
‫ التهاب‬iltihāb burning; inflammation
(also med.); in compounds corresponding ‫ لهف‬lahf regret, grief, sorrow │ ‫يا لهف‬
to Engl. “-it is” │ ‫ التهاب الشعب‬ilt. aš-šu‘ab yā lahfa and ‫ يا لهفا‬yā lahfā oh, what a pity!
bronchitis too bad! alas! ‫( يا لهف‬with foll. genit. of
pers.) oh, how unfortunate he is! ‫يا لهفي‬
‫ التهابي‬iltihābī inflammatory;
‫( عليك‬lahfī) oh, how sorry I feel for you!
inflammable
‫ لهفة‬lahfa sigh, lament; anxiety,
‫ مَلتهب‬multahib burning, flaming,
apprehension, concern, worry, sorrow,
blazing, aflame, ablaze; inflamed; heated,
grief; yearning, longing, hankering, desire,
excited, glowing, aglow │ ‫( قطن مَلتهب‬quṭn)
impatience
guncotton
‫ لهفان‬lahfān2 f. ‫ لهفى‬lahfā, pl. ‫لهافى‬
‫ لَهوت‬look up alphabetically
lahāfā, ‫ لهف‬luhuf sighing; regretful; sad,
‫ لهث‬lahata a (laht, ‫ لهاث‬luhāt) to loll sorry, worried, sorrowful, grieved;
one’s tongue with thirst or fatigue; to pant, longing, yearning
gasp, be out of breath; to breathe heavily
‫ لهيف‬lahīf pl. ‫ لهاف‬lihāf regretful, sorry,
‫ لهاث‬luhāt panting, pant, gasp │ ‫لهاث‬ sad, worried, sorrowful, grieved
‫ الموت‬l. al-maut death rattle, agony of
‫ لَهف‬lāhif worried, troubled, sorrowful,
death
grieved, full of regret
‫ لهثان‬lahtān f. ‫ لهثى‬lahtā panting,
‫ مَلهوف‬malhūf worried, troubled,
gasping, out of breath; thirsty
depressed; apprehensive, concerned,
‫ لهج‬lahija a (lahaj) to be devoted, dedicated (‫ب‬ anxious; 880 covetous, eager (‫ الى‬or ‫على‬
to s.th.), be attached (‫ ب‬to s.o., to s.th.), be for), desirous (‫ الى‬or ‫ على‬of); longing.
very fond (‫ ب‬of), be in love (‫ ب‬with); to yearning
be bent. be intent, be keen (‫ ب‬on), be
‫ مَتلهف‬mutalahhif yearning, longing,
eager (‫ ب‬for), be mad (‫ ب‬about, after); to
hankering; anxious, eager, impatient
do (‫ ب‬s.th.) constantly or fervently│ ‫لهج‬
‫( بالثناء عليه‬tanā’) to extol s.o. fervently; ‫لهج‬ ‫ لهق‬lahiqa a to be snow-white
‫( بذكره‬bidikrihī) to speak constantly of s.o., ‫ لهلق‬lahlaqa to loll one’s tongue with thirst
mention s.o.’s name continually with
praise; ‫( لهج بشكره‬bi-šukrihī) to launch ‫ لهم‬lahima a (lahm, laham), V and VIII to
forth into profuse thanks or praises; ‫لهج‬ devour, gobble, swallow up (‫ ه‬s.th.); to
‫( بالضراعة‬ḍarā‘a) to resort to humble pleas consume, destroy (‫ ه‬s.th.; fire) IV to make
IV causative: ‫( الهج لسانه بالشكر‬lisānahū, (‫ ه‬s.o,) swallow (‫ ه‬s.th.); to inspire (‫ ه هـ‬s.o,
šukr) to elicit profuse thanks from s.o. XI ‫ا‬ with) X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for inspiration or
‫ لهاج‬ilhājja to curdle, coagulate (milk) advice; to seek to find out (‫ هـ‬s.th.), try to
get (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pray, turn (‫ ه هـ‬to God for)
‫ لهجة‬lahja tip of the tongue; tongue;
manner of speaking; tone; dialect, ‫ لهم‬lahim and ‫ لهوم‬lahūm greedy,
vernacular; language │ ‫ بلهجة العاتب‬in a covetous, voracious, gluttonous
reproachful tone, reproachingly; ‫شديد اللهجة‬ ‫ الهام‬ilhām pl. -āt inspiration; instinct
in violent language, sharply worded
‫ مَلهم‬mulham inspired
‫ لهج‬luhja appetizer, hors d’oeuvre
(‫ لهو‬and ‫ لها )لهي‬lahā u (lahw) to amuse o.s.,
‫ لهد‬lahada a (lahd) to overburden, over-exert (‫ه‬ distract o.s., divert o.s., pass or kill time (
s.o.)
‫ ب‬with s.th,); to play, toy, dally, trifle; to ‫ لَه‬lāhin (with ‫ )عن‬heedless, inattentive,
fritter away, trifle away, prattle away (‫بوقته‬ inadvertent, oblivious, forgetful
bi-waqtihī one’s time); to enjoy o.s., have ‫ مَله‬mulhin amusing, entertaining,
fun, have a good time; to delight, take diverting, pleasant
pleasure (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب‬in); to enjoy, savor,
relish (‫ ب‬s.th.); -- (‫ لهي‬luhiy, ‫ لهيان‬lihyān) ‫ لو‬lau (conj.) if (as a rule, introducing
to turn one’s attention (‫ عن‬from); to try to hypothetical conditional clauuses) │ ‫لو ان‬
forget, forget, give up, renounce (‫ عن‬s.th.), lau anna (introducing nominal clauses) if;
become oblivious (‫ عن‬of); -- ‫ لهي‬lahiya a ( َ‫ لول‬laulā if not; ‫ لولَنا‬if it weren’t (hadn’t
‫ لها‬lahan) to like, love (‫ ب‬s.th.), be very been) for us; ‫ فيما لو‬fī-mā lau in case that; ‫و‬
fond (‫ ب‬of), be in love, be infatuated (‫ب‬ ‫ لو‬wa-lau although, though; even if;
with), be mad (‫ ب‬about, after); to turn (optative particle) if only ...! would
one’s attention (‫ عن‬from), become that ...! I wish ...! ‫ لو يعلم‬I wish he knew! if
oblivious (‫ عن‬of), forget, give up, he only knew! 881
renounce (‫ عن‬s.th,); to pay no attention ( ‫ لوبيا‬lūbiyā bean (bot.) │ ‫(لوبيا بلدي‬baladī) (eg.)
‫ عن‬to), be heedless (‫ عن‬of) II to delight, cowpea (Vigna Binenais Endl.; bot.); ‫لوبيا‬
amuse, divert, distract (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), ‫( عافن‬eg.) hyacinth bean, lablab (Dolichos
divert s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬attention (‫ عن‬from), make ( lablab L.; bot.)
‫ عن‬s.o.) oblivious (‫ عن‬of); to keep, divert (
‫ عن‬s.o. from), take s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind away ( ‫ لوبيا‬lūbyā Libya
‫ عن‬from) III to approach, be near (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ لوبي‬lūbī Libyan
IV = II; V and VI to amuse o.s., pass the 1
time (‫ ب‬with s.th,), take pleasure, delight ( (‫( لَت )لوت‬lāta: ‫ لَت حين مَناص‬l. hīnu manāṣin
‫ ب‬in); to seek distraction (‫ ب عن‬in s.th. it’s too late to escape
from) VIII do.: to play, toy, trifle (‫ ب‬with 2
‫ لوت‬lūt (eg.) maigre (Sciaena aquila)
s.th.)
(‫ لَث )لوث‬lāta u (laut) and II to stain, tarnish,
‫ لهو‬lahw amusement, entertainment, soil, sully (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- lawita a (lawat) to
diversion, distraction, passtime, pleasure, be dilatory, tardy, slow; to hesitate, tarry,
sport, fun, play │ ‫ دور اللهو‬dūr al-l. and linger V to be or get stained, blotted,
‫ امَاكن اللهو‬places of entertainment. tarnished, soiled, sullied (‫ ب‬with) VIII to
amusement centers be dilatory, tardy, slow; to be obscure,
‫ لهاة‬lahāh pl. ‫ لهوات‬lahawāt, ‫لهيات‬ confused, complicated (‫ على‬for s.o.)
lahayāt, ‫ لهي‬luhiya, lihīy, ‫ لها‬lahan, ‫لهاء‬ ‫ لوثة‬lauta stain, blot, spot
lahā’ uvula
‫ لوثة‬lūta languor, lassitude, fatigue,
‫ لهوى‬lahawī velar (adj.) ‫الحرفان اللهويتان‬ faintness; passion, weakness (‫ في‬for, also
al-ḥarfān al-lahawīyatān the velars q and with foll. genit.: for) │‫ فيه )به( لوثة‬he is a
k little crazy, he has a bee in his bonnet
‫ مَلهاة‬malhāh object of delight; comedy ‫ مَلوث‬mulawat stained, blotted,
│ ‫‘( مَلهاة عامَية‬āmmīya) popular farce tarnished, soiled, sullied, unclean; stricken
‫ مَلهى‬malhan pl. ‫ مَله‬malāhin place of with cholera, pestilence, etc.
entertainment, amusement center; ‫ مَلتاث‬multāt mentally confused
amusement, entertainment, fun, diversion,
‫( لوج‬Fr. loge) lōj pl. -āt, ‫ الواج‬alwāj (theater)
distraction │ ‫ ضريبة الملهي‬admissions tax,
box, loge; (masonic, etc.) lodge
entertainment tax
(‫ لَح )لوح‬lāḥa u (lauḥ) to appear, show, loom,
‫ مَلهى‬milhan pl. ‫ مَلاه‬malāhin plaything
emerge, come in sight; to become visible (
toy; pl. musical instruments, also ‫آلَت‬
‫ ل‬to s.o.); to break, begin to show (dawn);
‫الملهي‬
to shine, gleam, glint, flash, shimmer,
‫ تلهية‬talhiya distraction, diversion, glimmer, sparkle; to seem, appear; to
amusement wither, singe, parch, scorch; to tan (‫ ه‬s.o.;
sun) │‫ يلوح لي ان‬it seems to me that ...; ‫على‬
‫ مَا يلوح‬as it seems, apparently II to make a schedule, railroad guide; ‫ لَئحة الطعام‬l. aṯ-
sign, beckon, wave (‫ ب ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o. ṯa‘ām (syr.) menu, bill of fare
with); to signal; to allude (‫ ب‬to), hint (‫ب‬ ‫ مَلوحة‬mulawwiḥa signal, semaphore
at), intimate, insinuate (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. s.th.), (railroad)
give (‫ ب ل‬s.o. s.th.) to understand; to
flourish, brandish, swing, wave (‫ ب‬s.th.); ‫ مَلتاح‬multāḥ sun-tanned, sunburned
to turn grey (‫ هـ‬the head; of old age); to (‫ )لوذ‬lāda u (laud, ‫ لواذ‬liwād, lawād, luwād, ‫لياذ‬
burn, tan (‫ ه‬s.o.; sun); to plank, lay with liyād) to take refuge, seek shelter (‫ ب‬with
planks (‫ هـ‬the floor) │‫( لوح بيديه‬biyadaihi) s.o., in s.th.), have recourse, resort (‫ ب‬to);
to wave with the hands IV to appear, to keep close (‫ ب‬to), observe religiously (
show, come in sight; to shimmer, glimmer, ‫ ب‬s.th.)
glint, flash, sparkle; to wave, brandish,
flourish, swing (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ مَلذ‬malād refuge, protection; shelter;
asylum, sanctuary; protector
‫ لوح‬lauḥ pl. ‫ الواح‬alwāḥ, alwāḥ board,
blackboard; slate; tablet; slab; plate, sheet; ‫ لَئذ‬lā’id one seeking shelter or protection,
pane; plank, board; panel; small board, refugee
signboard; shoulder blade, scapula │ ‫لوح‬ ‫ لوذع‬and ‫ لوذعي‬see ‫لذع‬
‫( اردواز‬arduwāz) slab of slate, slate; O ‫لوح‬
‫( مَجعد‬muja‘‘ad) corrugated iron; ‫لوح الجليد‬ ‫ لور‬lūr lyre
block of ice; ‫ لوح حديد‬sheet iron; ‫لوح زجاج‬ ‫( لورد‬Engl.) lord pl. -āt lord
zujāj sheet of glass, pane; O ‫لوح مَتحرك‬
‫( لورى‬Engl.) lorry, truck
(mutaḥarrik) spring-board (in sports); ‫لوح‬
‫( مَعدني‬ma‘dinī) metal plate, metal sheet; ‫ لوز‬II to stuff with almonds (‫ هـ‬s.th.); (eg.) to
‫ لوح النافذة‬windowpane form bolls (cotton)
‫ لوحة‬lauḥa pl. -āt, ‫ الواح‬alwāḥ board; ‫ لوز‬lauz almond(s) (coll.), (eg.) patch
blackboard; slate; tablet; slab; plate, sheet; (on a shoe) │ ‫ لوز القطن‬l. al-quṭn cotton
pane; panel; plaque; plane, surface; bolls; ‫ دودة اللوز‬dūdat al-l. boll weevil
screen; placard, poster; picture, painting │ ‫ لوزة‬lauza pl. -āt almond; ‫ اللوزتان‬the
‫ لوحة الَسم‬l. al-ism doorplate, name plate; tonsils (anat.) │ ‫ التهاب اللوزتين‬ilt. al-
‫ لوحة التوزيع‬switchboard (el., tel.); ‫لوحة الدامَا‬ lauzatain tonsillitis
checkerboard; ‫( لوحة زيتية‬zaitīya) oil
painting; ‫( لوحة سوداء‬saudā’) blackboard; ‫ لوزى‬lauzī almond-shaped, almond
bulletin board; ‫ لوحة الشطرنج‬l. aš-šaṭranj (adj.)
chessboard; ‫ لوحة الكتابة‬slate; writing tablet; (‫ لَس )لوس‬lāsa u (laus) to taste
blackboard
(‫ لَت )لوص‬lāṣa u (lauṣ) to peep, peer, pry
‫ لواح‬lawwāḥ withering, singeing, (through a chink in the door, or the like)
parching, scorching III do. (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to stare, gaze (‫ هـ‬or ‫ الى‬at
‫ لوح‬talwīḥ pl. -āt beckoning, waving, s.th.), to look firmly, unflinchingly (‫ هـ‬or
flourishing, brandishing; sign, signal, ‫ الى‬at s.th.); to dupe, cheat, deceive (‫ ه‬s.o.)
wink, wave; allusion; hint, intimation, ‫ مَلاوص‬mulāwiṣ sly, cunning, wily
insinuation; metonymy; pl. hints,
references; remarks, annotations, marginal (‫ لَط )لوط‬lāṯa u (lauṯ) to stick, cling, adhere
notes ( to); to coat with clay, to plaster ( a wall)

‫ لَئحة‬lā’iḥa pl. -āt ‫ لوائح‬lawā’iḥ2 ‫ لوط‬lūṯ Lot (Biblical name)


program, project; bill, motion (esp., in ‫ لوط‬lūṭī sodomite, pederast
parliament); order, decree, edict;
‫ لواط‬liwāṭ and ‫ لواطة‬liwāṭa sodomy,
ordinance; regulation, rule; pl. ‫لوائح‬
pederasty
outward appearance, looks, outward
sign│882 ‫ لَئحة القانون‬,‫ لَئحة قانونية‬bill, draft (‫ لَع )لوع‬lā‘a u (lau‘) to he or heoome restive,
law; ‫ لَئحة السفر‬l. as-safar timetable, train impatient; to become ill j to seize
vehemently, overwhelm, torment, make
sick (‫ ه‬s.o.; love); to tan (‫ ه‬s.o.; sun) II to ‫ لوم‬laum and ‫ لومَة‬lauma censure,
torture, torment, agonize VIII to be rebuke, reproof, blame, reproach
burning, inflamed, languishing (with love, ‫ لومَة‬luwama and ‫ لوام‬lawwām severe
longing); to feel burning anxiety (‫ على‬for censurer, stem critic; censorious
s.o.)
‫ مَلم‬malām and ‫ مَلمَة‬malāma pl. ‫مَلوم‬
‫ لوعة‬lau‘a ardor of love, amorous malāwim2 censure, rebuke, reproof, blame,
rapture, lovesickness; pain, grief, anguish, reproach
anxiety, torment, torture, agony
‫ تلويم‬talwīm censure, rebuke, reproof
‫ التياع‬iltiyā‘ burning, enrapturedness,
burning anxiety. anguish; agony, pain, ‫ لائم‬lā’im pl. ‫ لوم‬luwwam, ‫ لوام‬lawwām, ‫لي‬
suffering ‫ م‬luyyam censurer, critic, accuser
‫ مَلاوع‬mulāwi‘ cunning, artful, wily, ‫ لائمة‬lā’ima pl. ‫ لوائم‬lawā’im2 censure,
crafty, sly rebuke, reproof, blame, reproach
‫ لوغاريتمات‬lūgāritmāt logarithms ‫ مَلوم‬malūm, ‫ مَليم‬malīm and ‫ مَلم‬mulām
1 censured, blamed; blameworthy,
(‫ لَف )لوف‬lāfa u (lauf) to eat, chew (‫ هـ‬s.th.) reprehensible
2
‫ لوف‬lūf luffa, dishcloth gourd (Luffa ‫ لومَان‬lūmān penitentiary, penal servitude
cylindrical Roem; bot.)
‫ لومَانجي‬lūmānjī convict, inmate of a
‫ مَلوق‬milwaq pl. ‫ مَلاوق‬malāwiq2 spatula penitentiary
1
(‫ لَك )لوك‬lāka u (lauk) to chew (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ لون‬II to variegate, dapple, make colorful (‫هـ‬
talk constantly about s.th. (‫)هـ‬, to bring s.th.); to color, tint, tinge, paint, daub (‫هـ‬
into discredit (‫ سمعته‬sum‘atahū s.o.’s s.th.); to make up, rouge (‫ هـ‬the face, etc.)
reputation) │‫( لَك الكلم‬kalām) to be V to be colored or tinted; to color, change
inhibited in one’s speech, stammer, color, become discolored; to he colorful,
express o.s. imperfectly, ‫السؤال الذي تلوكه‬ variegated; to be fickle
‫( اللسنة‬alsina) the question which is on
everyone’s lips; ‫( مَا تلوكه اللسن‬alsun) what ‫ لون‬laun pl. ‫ الوان‬alwān color; coloring,
people say, what is generally rumored 883 tint, tinge, hue, shade; complexion; kind,
2 sort, specimen, species; dish, course; pl.
‫ لَئكي‬and ‫ لَئكية‬look up alphabetically (with foll. genit.) all kinds of │ ‫الوان الطعمة‬
‫( لوكانده‬It. locanda) and ‫ لوكنده‬lōkanda pl. -āt a. al-aṭ‘ima all kinds of food; ‫مَختلف الألوان‬
inn; hotel muktalif al-a. variegated, multicolored,
motley, varied, various; ‫ جلى الوانه‬jallā
‫ لولب‬laulab pl. ‫ لوالب‬lawālib2 screw; spiral;
alwānahu to bring out the different
spiral spring, coil spring, extension spring;
aspects of s.th., point up s.th., make s.th.
spring; axle; (fig.) mainspring, pivot point
stand out
‫ لولبي‬laulabī screw-shaped; spiral,
‫ لوني‬launī colorful, colored, color- (in
helical │ O ‫( لولبيات زهرية‬zuharīya)
compounds), chromatic
spiroohetes, syphilogenous bacteria; ‫درج‬
‫( لولبي‬daraj) spiral staircase ‫ تلوين‬talwīn coloring
1
(‫ لَم )لمس‬lāma u (laum, ‫ مَلم‬malām, ‫مَلمَة‬ ‫ مَلون‬mulawwan colored, tinted,
malāma) to blame, censure, rebuke, chide, colorful, many-colored, variegated,
scold, reproach (‫ في‬or ‫ على ه‬s.o. for) II to kaleidoscopic
censure sharply, reprove, reprimand (‫ه‬ ‫ مَتلون‬mutalawwin colored, tinted;
s.o.) IV = I; V to blame o.s. ; to tarry, many-colored, multicolored; iridescent,
linger, take one'. time (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬in or with opalescent, scintillating; changeable,
s.th.), procrastinate, temporize, hedge VI inconstant, unsteady; whimsical,
to blame each other VIII to be censured, capricious, fickle
he blamed X to deserve blame, be
blameworthy, reprehensible ‫( لونجي‬eg.) lawingī and ‫ لاونجي‬lāwingī
attendant, bath attendant
‫ لونجية‬lawingīya housekeeper, woman ‫ لوى‬lawan pl. ‫ الواء‬alwā’ gripes, colic;
attendant, servant, housemaid agony, pain, hardship │ ‫قاسى اللواء واللواء‬
(la’wā’) to die a thousand deaths
‫( لوندا‬It. lavanda) lawandā lavender │ ‫مَاء اللوندا‬
lavender water ‫ لوى‬liwan pl. ‫ الواء‬alwā’, ‫ الوية‬alwiya
curvature
‫ لوى‬lawā i (‫ لي‬layy, ‫ لوي‬lawīy) to turn (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to crook, curve (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bend, flex, ‫ لواء‬liwā’ pl. ‫ الوية‬alwiya, ‫ الويات‬alwiyāt
bend up, down, back or over (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to banner, flag, standard; brigade (mil.;
twist, contort, wrench, warp (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to U.A.R., Leb., Ir.); major general (mil.;
distort, pervert (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to turn (‫ هـ‬the U.A.R.); rear admiral (Eg.); province,
head), turn away, avert (‫ هـ‬the face); to district (Ir.; the country is subdivided into
turn around, turn (‫ على‬to s.o., to s.th.), face 14 ‫ لواء │ امَير اللواء‬brigadier general (Ir.); ‫لو‬
(‫ على‬s.o., s.th.); to 884 think back (‫ على‬on), ‫( اء جوي‬jawwī) air-force brigade; ‫عقد لواء‬
recall (‫ على‬s.th.); to care, bother (‫على‬ ‫( شيء‬liwā’a š.) to found, start, originate,
about), pay attention or heed (‫ على‬to) │ ‫لو‬ produce, cause, arouse, provoke s.th.;
‫( ى فيه اللسان‬lisān) to speak ill of s.o., ‫ البارحة المعقود لواؤها للمَيرال‬... (liwā’uhā) the
backbite s.o.; ‫ لَ يلوي على شيء‬not to care admiral’s flagship ...; (‫عقد له لواء المجد )النصر‬
about anything, be utterly reckless; -- (‫لي‬ ‘uqida lahū l. ul-majd (un-naṣr) approx.:
layy, ‫ ليان‬layyān) to conceal, keep secret ( he was awarded the laurel of fame (of
‫ عن هـ‬s.th. from s.o.); -- lawiya a (‫لوى‬ victory)
lawan) to be crooked, curved, bent; to ‫ لواء‬lawwā’ wryneck (zool.)
writhe, twist; to wind, coil II to bend, bow,
incline, tilt, twist, wrench, contort, turn, ‫ مَلوى‬milwan pl. ‫ مَلو‬malāwin spanner,
crook, curve (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pervert, distort, wrench; O peg (of stringed instruments)
complicate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to turn, twist, ‫ التواء‬iltiwā’ curvedness, curvature;
bend, crook, curve (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to avert ( bend, twist, tortuosity, sinuosity, curve;
‫ عن هـ‬s.th. from); to wave (‫ بيده‬bi-yadihī crookedness, wryness; perverseness,
one’s hand); to hoist (‫ هـ‬a flag); to take absurdity │ ‫ التواء الرض‬ilt. al-arḍ
away, put away, remove (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫الوى‬ unevenness of the terrain
‫ عنان الشيء‬to avert, prevent, restrain s.th. (
‫ عن‬from), check, curb s.th. V to be ‫ التواءة‬iltiwā’a (n. vic.) pl. -āt a bending,
twisted, winding, tortuous, sinuous, bent, flexing, twist (e.g., of the body in
crooked; to be turned, be twisted; to turn, dancing)
twist, wind, meander, coil; to writhe, ‫ لَو‬lāwin pl. ‫ لواة‬luwāh turning, twisting
wriggle, squirm; to display shrewdness │ ‫ غير لَو على‬reckless of, without regard
and cunning VIII to be curved, crooked, for
bent; to be turned, be twisted; to twist,
warp, get contorted, get bent out of shape; ‫ مَلوي‬malwī crooked, curved, bent;
to turn off, turn away; to turn one’s back twisted, warped, contorted; winding,
(or on s.th.); to be or become difficult, meandering, tortuous, sinuous; perverted,
involved, intricate, complicated (‫ على‬for wrong, absurd
s.o.) ‫ مَلتو‬multawin = ‫مَلوى‬
‫ لي‬layy bending, twist(ing), turn(ing) │ ‫ مَلتوى‬multawan pl. -āt turn (of the
‫( لي الشيشة‬eg.) the flexible tube of the road), curve; curvature
narghile; ‫( لَ يعرف الحي مَن اللي‬ya‘rifu l- 1
‫ لي‬and ‫ لية‬see ‫لوى‬
ḥayya) he doesn’t know enough to come
2
in out of the rain, he wouldn't know a ‫ لياء‬liyyā’ mackerel shark, porbeagle (zool.)
snake from a garden hose ‫ ليبريا‬lībaryā Liberia 885
‫ لية‬Iayya pl. ‫ لوى‬liwan bend, fold, ‫ ليبيا‬lībiyā Libya; ‫ ليبي‬lībī Libyan
flexure, twist, tortuosity, sinuosity, turn,
curve ‫ ليت‬laita and ‫ يا ليت‬yā laita (particle, with foll.
noun in acc. or personal suffix) would
God! if only ...! │ ‫ ليتني مَت لجلك‬laitanī
muttu li-ajlika would God I had died for (‫ لَق )ليق‬lāqa i (laiq) to befit, become (‫ ب‬s.o.),
you! ‫ ليته كان هنا‬I wish he were here! if only be proper, seemly (‫ ب‬for s.o.), be suitable
he were here! ‫( يا ليت كان يذهب‬yadhabu) I (‫ ب‬to s.o.), be worthy (‫ ب‬of s.o.); to be
wish he had gone! ‫( ليت شعري‬ši‘rī) I wish I suited, appropriate, fit (‫ ب‬for s.th.); to fit
knew ...! (garment)
‫ ليترجية‬līturjīya pl. -āt liturgy ‫ ليقة‬līqa pl. ‫ ليق‬liyaq tuft of cotton or
silk threads which is inserted in an
‫ ليتوانيا‬lītuwānīya Lithuania
inkwell; putty; clay; mortar
‫ ليتواني‬lītuwānī Lithuanian
‫ لياقة‬liyāqa propriety, seemliness,
‫ ليث‬lait pl. ‫ ليوث‬luyūt lion suitableness; decorum, decency;
‫ لياذ‬see ‫لوذ‬ capability, skill; efficiency, competence;
worthiness, merit, desert; correct behavior,
‫ ليرا‬līrā and ‫ ليرة‬līra pl. -āt pound (as a blameless conduct, good manners │ ‫مَخل‬
monetary unit) │ ‫( ليرة انكليزية‬ingilīzīya) ‫( باللياقة‬mukill improper, unseemly,
pound sterling unbecoming
1
‫ ليس‬laisa (without imperf.) not to be (with ‫ب‬ ‫ اليق‬alyaq2 more suitable, more
or acc. s.th. or s.o.); not to exist; (= appropriate, more proper, fitter (‫ ب‬for)
intensified َ‫ )ل‬not │ َ‫( ليس ال‬illā)
terminating a sentence: only, and no more, ‫ لائق‬lā’iq suitable, appropriate, proper,
and nothing else; ‫( ليس – سوى‬siwā) nothing befitting, becoming, seemly; suited,
but, only, merely; ‫ليس على شيء مَن الحقيقة‬ adapted, fit; worthy, deserving
there is not a grain of truth in it; ‫ليس – فقط‬ ‫ ليل‬lail (usually m.) nighttime, night (as
‫ بل‬-- (faqaṭ, bal) not only -- but also; ‫ليس ل‬ opposed to ‫ نهار‬daytime); pl. □ ‫ ليالي‬layālī
not to have, not to possess; ‫ ليس لنا شيء‬we (syr.) a certain vocal style; ‫ ليلا‬lailan at
don’t have anything; ‫ ليس له ان‬he has no night │ ‫ ليل نهار‬laila nahāra day and night
right to ..., he mustn’t ...; ‫ ليس مَن‬not to
‫ ليلة‬laila pl. -āt, ‫ ليال‬layālin, ‫ ليائل‬layā’il2
belong to …, have nothing to do with ...; ‫ال‬
night (u opposed to ‫ ;)يوم‬evening; soirée;
‫ يس كذلك‬a-laisa ka-dālik? Isn’t it so?; (with
‫ الليلة‬al-lailata tonight I 886 ‫بين ليلة وضحاها‬
‫ ب‬and participle) to be unable to, ‫لست بفاعل‬
(wa-ḍuḥāhā) overnight; ‫ ليلة امَس‬lailata
lastu bi-fā‘ilin I can’t do it
amsi last night; yesterday evening; ‫ليلة‬
2
‫ ليس‬layisa a (layas) to be valiant, brave, ‫ خيرية‬kairīya) charity soirée, benefit
courageous performance; ‫ ليلة الدخلة‬l. ad-dukla wedding
‫ اليس‬alyas2, f. ‫ ليساء‬laisā’2, pl. ‫ ليس‬līs night; ‫ ليلة راقصة‬soirée dansante, evening
valiant, brave, courageous dance; ‫ ليلة زهرةا‬glamorous evening party;
‫( ليلة شادية‬šādiya) soirée of vocal music; ‫ليلة‬
‫( ليسانس‬Fr. licence) līsans the academic degree ‫( ليلاء‬lailā’2) dark night; ‫ في ليلة ليلاء‬in the
of a licentiate dark of night, under cover of the night; ‫ليلة‬
‫ ليف‬II to rub with palm fibers (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to ‫ القدر‬l. al-qadr or ‫ ليلة القضاء‬l. al-qaḍā’ the
form fibers, become fibrous night in which, according to sura 97, the
Koran was revealed, celebrated between
‫ ليف‬līf (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ الياف‬alyāf the 26th and 27th of Ramadan; ‫ ليلة المعراج‬l.
fibers, fibrils, bast │ ‫( ليف هندي‬hindī) coco al-mi‘rāj the night of the 27th of Rajab in
fibers, coir; ‫ اليف الكتان‬a. al-kattān flax which the Prophet made his journey
fibers through the seven heavens; ‫ليلة نصف شعبان‬
‫ ليفة‬līfa (n. un.) fiber, fibril; tuft of palm l. niṣf aš-ša‘bān the night between the 14th
fibers used as a brush │ ‫ ليفة الَستحمام‬bath and 16th of Shaban, when, according to
‫هـ‬sponge, luffa popular belief, the heavenly tree of life is
shaken, shedding the leaves of those who
‫ ليفي‬līfī and ‫ ليفاني‬līfānī fibered, fibrous
will die next year; ‫ ليلة النقطة‬l. an-nuqṭa the
‫ تليف‬talayyuf fibration, fibrillation; night of June 17th (the 11th day of the
cirrhosis (med.) Coptic month Ba’ūna) when, according to
popular belief, a miraculous drop falls
from heaven, thus causing the annual rise suppleness │ ‫ ليونة الجانب‬sociability,
of the Nile companionableness, compliance,
yieldingness, tractability
‫ ليلتئذ‬lailata’idin (in) that night; (on) that
evening ‫ مَلاينة‬mulāyana friendliness, kindness
‫ ليلي‬lailī nocturnal, nightly; of night, ‫ مَلين‬mulayyin softening, emollient;
night- (in compounds); evening (adj.) dissolvent, diluent; aperient, cathartic,
laxative; ‫ مَلينات‬laxatives
‫ ليلى‬lailā a woman’s name │ ‫كل يبكي‬
2
‫ )يغني( على ليلاه‬kullun yabkī (yugannī) ‘alā ‫ليان‬see 887 ‫لوى‬
lailāhu everyone sings his own tune, does
as he pleases, follows his own fancy; ‫كل‬
‫( يدعي وصل بليلاه‬yadda‘ī waṣlan) everybody
claims to be the chosen one, every-one
brags in his own way
‫م‬
‫ ليلء‬see ‫ليلة‬
‫( ليلك‬Engl.) lailak lilac (‫ )= شركة مَسئولية مَحدودة‬. ‫ م‬. ‫ م‬. ‫ ش‬Inc., Ltd.
‫ ليمان‬līmān pl. -āt harbor, port; penitentiary ‫ م‬ma for ‫ مَا‬what? after prepositions: ‫ الى م‬ilā
‫ ليمون‬laimūn, līmūn (n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt lemon │ ‫ليم‬ ma whereto? Where? which way?
whither? ‫ بم‬bi-ma with what? Wherewith?
‫ ون حامَض‬lime; ‫ شراب الليمون‬šarāb al-l.
‫ لم‬li-ma why? wherefore? ‫ حتى م‬ḥattā ma
lemonade
how far? to which point?
1
(‫ لَن )لين‬lāna i (līn, ‫ ليان‬layān) to be or become
‫ مَا‬mā 1. (interrogative pronoun) what │ ‫ لما‬li-
soft, tender, gentle, mild, pliable, flexible,
mā why? wherefore? for what reason? ‫مَاذا‬
supple; to yield, give way; to soften,
mā-dā what (on earth)? ‫ لماذا‬li-mādā why
relent, calm down; to become milder,
(on earth)? ‫ مَا لك‬what’s the matter with
friendlier │ ‫ لَ يلين‬inflexible, unbending; ‫لان‬
you? what is it? ‫ مَا لك‬,‫ مَا لي‬etc., (with foll.
‫( ت قناته‬qanātuhū) to show o.s. compliant,
verb) why? wherefore? what ... for? why
yield, relent, give in II and IV to soften,
should I, should you, etc.? ‫ مَا انت وذاك‬mā
relax, (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to placate, soothe, allay,
anta wa-dāka what’s that to you? what has
mitigate, assuage, temper, moderate (‫هـ‬
this to do with you? what do you know
s.th.) ill to be gentle, kind, friendly (‫ ه‬to
about that? ‫ مَا اجمله‬mā ajmalahū how
s.o.); to treat with kindness and leniency (‫ه‬
handsome he is! ‫ مَا افضل عمر‬mā afḍala
s.o.)
‘umara! how excellent Omar is! -- 2.
‫ لين‬līn softness; tenderness; tender (relative pronoun) that which, what;
treatment; gentleness; flexibility, something which; whatever, all that ... │ ‫مَا‬
pliableness, suppleness; yieldingness, ‫ شاء ا‬see ‫ شاء; كثيرا مَا‬katīran mā not
compliance, tractability; pliancy, seldom, as often as not, very often; ‫بما فيه‬
smoothness, diarrhea │ ‫ لين العظام‬softening bi-mā fīhi including ..., ... inclusive; ‫مَا كان‬
of the bones, osteomalicia (med.); ‫لين القيادة‬ ‫( مَن امَضاء المعاهدة‬imḍā’i l-mu’āhada) the
tractability, docility; ‫ حروف اللين‬the “soft” fact that the agreement has been signed,
letters ‫ ي‬,‫ و‬,‫ا‬ the agreement having been signed; -- 3.
‫ لين‬layyin pl. -ūn, ‫ اليناء‬alyinā’2 and lain (indefinite pronoun) foll. an indefinite
pl. -ūn soft; flabby, feeble; tender; gentle; noun: some, a certain │ ‫ لمَر مَا‬li-amrin
flexible, pliable, yielding; pliant, supple, mā because of something or other, for
resilient, elastic, tractable │ ‫ لين العريكة‬l. some reason or other; ‫ يومَا مَا‬yauman mā
al-‘arīka mild-mannered, gentle-hearted; some day, sometime in the future; -- 4.
‫ لين القياد‬tractable, manageable, docile, (negation) not │ ‫( مَا ان‬in) not
obedient; ‫( بطنه لين‬baṭnuhū) he suffers (intensified); ‫ حتى‬-- ‫ مَا ان‬mā an – ḥattā no
from diarrhea sooner had he ... than ..., he had hardly …
when ...; ‫ ومَا هي الَ ان‬wa-mā hiya illā an or
‫ ليونة‬luyūna softness; tenderness; ‫( ومَا هو الَ ان‬with foll. verb in perfect)
gentleness; flexibility, pliability,
before long he ..., presently ...; then, gun barrel; conduit, conduit pipe; pipeline
thereupon; ‫ حتى‬-- ‫ ومَا هي الَ ان‬wa-mā hiva (esp., for oil)
illā an – ḥattā no sooner had he ... than he ‫( مَاسون‬Fr. maçon) māsōn Freemason
had hardly when ...; -- 5. (conjunction) as
long as │ ‫ مَا دمَت حيا‬mā dumtu ḥayyan as ‫ مَاسوني‬māsōnī freemasonic, masonic
long I live; ‫ مَا لم‬mā lam so long as ... not, ‫ مَاسونية‬māsōnīya Freemasonry
unless; -- 6. whenever; as far as, to the
extent or degree that │ ‫مَا واتتني الفرص‬ ‫ مَاشك‬māšik pl. ‫ مَواشك‬mawāšik2 tongs, fire
(wātatnī l-furaṣ) (whenever opportunities tongs
came my way, i.e.) whenever I had a ‫ مَئق‬ma’iqa a (‫ مَأق‬ma’aq) to sob
chance
‫ مَأق‬ma’q pl. ‫ مَآق‬ma’āqin inner corner
‫ مَا بين‬mā-bain antechamber, anteroom of the eye
(of the Turkish Sultan); chief chamber-
lain’s office (in Ottoman Turkey) ‫ مَأقة‬ma’qa sobbing, sob

‫ مَاء‬and ‫ مَائي‬see ‫مَوه‬ ‫ مَوق‬mūq pl. ‫ آمَاق‬āmāq inner corner of


the eye
‫( مَاتينيه‬Fr. matinée) mātīnēh matinee
‫( مَاكياج‬Fr. maquillage) mākiyāiii face painting,
‫ مَاجريات‬see ‫جري‬ make-up
‫ مَاجستير‬mājistēr master, schoolmaster ‫ مَاكينة‬mākīna pl. -āt, ‫ مَكائن‬makā’in2 machine
‫ مَاخور‬mākūr pl. ‫ مَواخير‬mawākīr2 house of ill ‫ مَالطة‬malṭa Malta
repute, brothel
‫ مَالطي‬malṭī Maltese (adj. and n.)
‫ مَار‬mār Mar, lord (Chr., preceding the names
of saints), saint ‫ مَالنخوليا‬mālinkōliyā or ‫ مَاليخاليا‬mālīkōliyā
melancholia
‫ مَارس‬mars March (month)
‫ مَأمَأ‬ma’ma’a to bleat (sheep)
‫ مَارستان‬māristān lunatic asylum
‫ مَأن‬ma’ana a (ma’n) to sustain, supply with
‫ مَارش‬marš march (mus.) provisions, provision, victual (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مَارشال‬mārišāl marshal, field marshal │ ‫مَارشال‬ ‫ مَأنة‬ma’na pl. ma’anāt, ‫ مَؤون‬mu’ūn
‫( جوي‬jawwī) air marshal (formerly, a rank navel, umbilicus; umbilical region
reserved exclusively for the King; Eg.)
‫ مَؤنة‬mu’na and ‫ مَؤونة‬ma’ūna pl. ‫مَؤن‬
‫ مَارشالية‬mārišālīya marshalcy, rank or mu’an provisions, food.; store, stock;
position of a marshal supply; burden, encumbrance,
‫ مَارك‬mark pl. -āt mark (monetary unit) inconvenience; trouble, pains, effort │ ‫مَؤن‬
‫( حربية‬ḥarbīya) war material
‫ مَاركسي‬marksī Marxist
‫ مَئني‬see ‫ مَائة‬below
‫ مَاركسية‬marksīya Marxism
‫ مَانجو‬mangō mango, mango tree (bot.)
‫ مَاركة‬marka pl. -āt mark, sign, token │
‫( مَاركة تجارية‬tijārīya) trade-mark 888 ‫ مَانجوست‬mangost mongoose, ichneumon
(zool.)
‫ مَاروني‬mārūnī pl. ‫ مَوارنة‬mawārina Maronite
(adj. and n.) ‫( المانش‬Fr. la Manche) al-mānš the English
Channel
‫ مَازوت‬māzūt mazut (residue in oil distillation,
used as a fuel), heavy oil ‫ مَانوليا‬mānūliyā magnolia (bot.)
‫ مَاس‬mās and ‫ مَاسة‬māsa (for ‫ )الماس‬diamond ‫ مَانوي‬mānawī Manichaean
‫ مَاسي‬māsī diamond (used attributively) ‫ مَانوية‬mānawīya Manichaeism,
doctrines of Manes
‫ مَاسورة‬māsūra pl. ‫ مَواسير‬mawāsīr2 pipe, tube;
hose; pipestem; water pipe, water main; ‫ مَانيفاتورة‬mānīfātūra manufactured goods, dry
goods, textiles
‫ مَانيفستو‬mānīfistō manifest, list of a ship’s cargo s.th.); to have the usufruct (‫ ب‬of s.th.) V
and X to enjoy, savor, relish (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ مَانيكان‬mānīkān, (also ‫ مَانوكان‬mānūkān) pl. -āt
mannequin, fashion model ‫ مَتعة‬mut‘a pl. ‫ مَتع‬muta‘ enjoyment,
pleasure, delight, gratification; recreation;
‫ مَاهية‬māhīya pl. -āt quality, quiddity, essence,
compensation paid to a divorced woman
nature; salary, income; pay (mil.)
(Isl. Law); (also ‫ )نكاح المتعة‬muta,
‫( مَايسترو‬It. maestro) māyistrō maestro, temporary marriage. usufruct marriage
conductor contracted for a specified time and
‫ مَائة‬or ‫ مَئة‬mi’a pl. ‫ مَئون‬mi’ūn, ‫ مَئات‬mi’āt exclusively for the purpose of sexual
hundred │ ‫ في المائة‬per cent pleasure (Isl. Law) │ ‫ امَاكن المتعة‬recreation
centers
‫ مَئوي‬mi’awī and ‫ مَئيني‬mi’īnī centesimal,
centigrade; percentile, percentual │ ‫عيد‬ ‫ مَتاع‬matā‘ pl. ‫ امَتعة‬amti‘a enjoyment,
‫‘( مَئوي‬īd) 100th anniversary, centennial; pleasure, delight, gratification; object of
‫ نسبة مَئوية‬or ‫( نسبة مَئينية‬nisba) percentage; delight; necessities of life; chattel,
‫( درجة مَئوية‬daraja) centigrade possession, property; goods, wares,
(thermometer) commodities, merchandise; furniture;
1
implements, utensils, household effects;
‫ مَايو‬māyū May baggage, luggage, equipment, gear; useful
2
‫( مَايو‬Fr. maillot) māyō and ‫ مَايوه‬māyōh tights article, article of everyday use; things,
objects, stuff, odds and ends │ ‫ مَتاع العين‬m.
‫ مَت‬matta u (matt) to spread, extend, stretch (‫هـ‬ al-‘ain delight of the eyes; ‫ سقط المتاع‬saqaṭ
s.th.); to seek to establish a link (‫ الى‬to s.o., al-m. scrap, waste, discard, refuse; ‫المَتعة‬
‫ ب‬by marriage), enter into relations (‫الى‬ ‫( الشخصية‬šakṣīya) personal belongings; ‫مَتاع‬
with); to be related, become 889 related ‫ المرأة‬m. al-mar’a cunnus (anat.)
by marriage (‫ الى‬to), marry into the family
of (‫ ;)الى‬to belong (‫ الى‬to); to be associated, ‫ امَتع‬amta‘ more enjoyable, more
be connected (‫ الى‬with) │ ‫( بصلة الى‬bi- delightful; recreative, recreational
ṣilatin) to have close ties with s.o., be ‫ امَتاع‬imtā‘ pleasure, delight,
related (by marriage) to s.o.; to be gratification (which s.th. affords)
connected with s.th., have to do with s.th.;
‫( مَت له باقرب الصلة‬bi-aqrabi ṣ-ṣila) to be ‫ تمتع‬tamattu‘ enjoyment │ ‫اسهم تمتع‬
most intimately connected with s.o. ashum t. participating certificates, shares
entitling the bolder to participation in the
‫ مَاتة‬mātta close ties; family ties, kinship net profit without the right to vote
‫ مَتح‬mataḥa a (matḥ) to draw from a well (‫هـ‬ ‫ استمتاع‬istimtā‘ enjoyment; love of
water) pleasure, epicureanism
‫ مَتر‬mitr pl. ‫ امَتار‬amtār meter (measure of ‫ مَاتع‬māti‘ long
length)
‫ مَمتع‬mumatti‘ pleasant, delicious,
‫ مَتري‬mitrī metric(al) enjoyable, delightful, gratifying
‫( مَتراليوز‬Ft. mitrailleuse) mitrāliyōz machine ‫ مَمتع‬mumatta‘ enjoying (‫ ب‬s.th.), in
gun position (‫ ب‬of)
‫ مَتع‬mata‘a a (mat‘, ‫ مَتعة‬mut‘a) to carry away, ‫ مَمتع‬mumti‘ pleasant, delicious,
take away (‫ ب‬s.th.); -- (‫ مَتوع‬mutū‘) to be enjoyable, delightful, gratifying;
strong, firm, solid │ ‫( مَتع النهار‬nahār) it interesting
was broad daylight, the sun was high II to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) enjoy (‫ ب‬s.th.); to furnish, ‫ مَتن‬matuna u (‫ مَتانة‬matāna) to be firm, strong,
equip, supply (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to give as solid II to make firm or strong (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
compensation (‫ هـ ها‬to a divorced woman strengthen, consolidate, fortify (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
s.th.) │ ‫ مَتعه ا‬God grant him enjoyment ‫ مَتن‬matn pl. ‫ مَتون‬mutūn, ‫ مَتان‬mitān half,
throughout his life; ‫( مَتع البصر‬baṣara) to or side, of the back; back (esp., of
gratify the eye IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) enjoy (‫ب‬ animals, but also fig.); main thing, main
part; body (e.g., of a document or journal, pictorially or graphically, show (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
aside from footnotes, annotations, etc.), s.th.), picture, depict, describe (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
text (of a tradition, as distinguished from s.th.); to portray, paint (‫ ه‬s.o.), sculpture a
the isnād; of a book, as distinguished from bust or statue (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to represent (‫ه‬
the commentary; also, in general, s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to act (on stage or screen),
linguistic or literary text); middle of the appear as an actor; to play, act (‫دورا‬
road, roadway, pavement; surface; desk of dauran a part or role), star (‫ دورا‬in a role);
a ship │ ‫ على مَتن‬aboard (a ship or to stage, perform (‫ هـ‬a play); to form,
airplane); 890 ‫( على مَتن البحر‬m. il-baḥr) by constitute (chem.) │ ‫( مَثل به اشنع تمثيل‬ašna‘
sea, sea-borne; ‫( على مَتن الهواء‬m. il-hawā’) t.) to make a dreadful example of s.o.,
through the air, air-borne punish s.o. with utmost cruelty III to
resemble (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.), be or look like
‫ مَتن‬matn and ‫ مَتن‬firm, strong, solid
s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)هـ‬, be similar, bear a
‫ مَتانة‬matāna firmness, strength, solidity, likeness (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to); to correspond, be
hardiness; will power, strength of will, analogous (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to
determination, backbone, firmness of compare, liken (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to) V to make o.s.
character, fortitude; succinctness, similar, assimilate o.s. (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to
conciseness of style become similar (‫ ب‬to), become like s.o. or
‫ تمتين‬tamtīn strengthening, s.th. (‫)ب‬, follow (‫ ب‬s.o. s.th.), take after
consolidation s.o. or s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to take on the shape of
s.o. (‫ ;)ب‬to assimilate, absorb (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ مَتى‬matā s. (interrogative particle) when? at do likewise, imitate, copy (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to
what time? │ ‫ الى مَتى‬and ‫ حتى مَتى‬till when? imagine, fancy (‫ ب‬s.th., with ‫ ه‬and verb;
how long? -- 2. (conjunction) when, s.o. to do s.th.); to get an idea (‫ هـ‬of); to
whenever │ ‫ مَتى مَا‬whenever give or quote as an example, use as a
‫ مَثاث‬matāt cream, cosmetic simile (‫ ب‬s.th.); to quote, cite (‫ ب‬a verse);
to present itself, be represented, be visible,
‫ مَثل‬matala u (‫ مَثول‬mutūl) to resemble (‫ ه‬s.o.), find visual expression (‫ في‬in); to embody,
be or look like s.o. (‫)ه‬, boar a likeness (‫ه‬ personify, (im)personate, typify (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to); to imitate, copy (‫ ه‬s.o.); to compare, to stand erect, appear (‫ بين يديه‬baina
liken (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to); to represent, mean, yadaihi before s.o.) VI to resemble each
signify (‫ هـ‬s.th.), stand for (‫ ;)هـ‬to stand other, be alike, go together, agree, match;
erect (‫ بين يديه‬baina yadaihī before s.o. in to recover (‫ مَن‬from) │ ‫ الى الشفاء‬or ‫تماثل‬
audience), appear before s.o.; to present ‫( للشفاء‬šifā’) to be on the way to recovery
o.s. to s.o.; to present itself to the eye, be VIII to take as a model or an example,
on view; to plant o.s., stand; to step forth, imitate, copy, follow (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to submit,
come forward, enter, appear, make one’s subject o.s. (‫ ل‬to s.o., to s.th.); to obey (‫هـ‬
appearance (esp. of an actor, on the stage) an order)
│ ‫( مَثل بين يدي الملك‬b. yadayyi l-malik) to
have an audience with the king, be ‫ مَثل‬mitl pl. ‫ امَثال‬amtāl s.th. similar, s.th.
received in audience by the king; -- u of the same kind; resemblance, similarity,
(matl) to maim, mutilate (‫ ب‬s.o.); -- u similitude, likeness; image; equivalent;
(matl, ‫ مَثلة‬mutla) to make an example (‫ب‬ 891 (with foll. genit. or suffix) s.o. like ...,
of s.o.); -- matula u (‫ مَثول‬mutūl) to stand, one like ...; s.th. like ...; ‫ مَثل‬mitla (prep.)
appear (‫ بين يديه‬baina yadaihi before s.o. in and ‫ كمثل‬ka-mitli similar to, like, just as;
audience) II to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) like s.th. one like; s.th. like; the same as; (just) as
else (‫)ب‬, make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) similar. analogous much as │ ‫ هم مَثله‬hum mitluhū they are
(‫ ب‬to); to assimilate (biol.); to give or like him, they are of his kind; ‫ بالمثل‬in the
quote as an example (‫ ب ل‬s.th. of, also ‫هـ‬ same manner, likewise, equally, also, too;
s.th. ‫ على‬of), exemplify (‫ ل ب‬with s.th. ‫ مَثل مَا‬mitla mā just as, as well as; ‫بمثل مَا‬
s.th.), use as a simile (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. for); to bi-mitl mā in the same manner as; ‫اجر المثل‬
compare, liken (‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬s.o. s.th. to); to ajr al-m. adequate payment or wages; ‫عامَله‬
punish severely, treat harshly (‫ ب‬s.o.); to ‫‘( بالمثل‬āmalahū) to repay s.o. like for like,
maim, mutilate (‫ ب‬s.o.); to represent treat s.o. in like manner; ‫مَبدأ المعامَلة بالمثل‬
(mabda’ al-mu‘āmala) principle of ideal; ideal; model, exemplary, perfect │
reciprocity; ‫( مَقابلة المثل بالمثل‬muqābalat al- ‫ السبيل المثلى ل‬the ideal way to ...
m.) retaliation, reprisal; ‫ امَثاله‬amtāluhū ‫ تمثال‬timtāl pl. ‫ تماثيل‬tamātīl2 sculptured
people like him, people of his kind; ‫امَثال‬ image; statue │ ‫( تمثال نصفي‬niṣfī) bust
‫ ابي بكر‬people like Abū Bakr; ‫الى ثلثة امَثاله‬
up to three times as much ‫ تمثيل‬tamtīl pl. ‫ تماثيل‬tamātīl2 quotation
of examples, exemplification; likening,
‫ مَثلما‬mitlamā (conj.) as comparison; assimilation; portrayal,
‫ مَثلي‬mitlī replaceable; fungible (Isl. picturing, depiction, description;
Law) representation; diplomatic representation;
dramatic representation, acting, playing
‫ مَثلى‬mutlā see ‫ امَثل‬amtal
(of an actor); performance, show;
‫ مَثل‬matal pl. ‫ امَثال‬amtāl likeness; dramatic art; exemplary punishment │
metaphor, simile, parable; proverb, adage; ‫( تمثيل تجاري‬tijārī) commercial agency;
example; lesson, similar case; ideal, ‫( تمثيل فلن‬in motion-picture
model; ‫ مَثلا‬matalan for example, for announcements) starring so-and-so; ‫بدل‬
instance, e.g. │ ‫ مَثل كمثل‬he is comparable ‫ التمثيل‬badal at-t. allowance for
to ..., he is like ...; ‫( مَثل اعلى‬asmā) or ‫مَثل‬ representation, allowance for professional
‫( اعلى‬a‘lā) ideal; ‫ ضرب المَثال‬see ;‫ضرب‬ expenditure, expense allowance; ‫دار التمثيل‬
‫ المَثال السائرة‬proverbs; ‫( على رأي المثل‬ra’yi l- theater, playhouse, opera house; ‫فن التمثيل‬
m.) as the proverb says fann at-t. dramatic art, theater; sculpture;
‫ مَثال‬mitāl pl. ‫ امَثلة‬amtila, ‫ مَثل‬mutul s.th. ‫ على سبيل التمثيل‬for the purpose of
equal; s.th. similar; simile, parable, illustration
allegory; example; pattern, standard; ‫ تمثيلي‬tamtīlī of or pertaining to the
exemplary punishment; model; image, theater or stage, theatrical, histrionic;
picture │ ‫ على مَثال‬... in the manner of ...; dramatic │ ‫( مَلعب تمثيلي‬mal‘ab) theater,
after the pattern or model of ...; ‫مَثال اعلى‬ playhouse
(a‘lā) pl. ‫‘( مَثل عليا‬ulyā) ideal; ‫مَثل عالية‬
‫ تمثيلية‬tamtīlīya: ‫( تمثيلية غنائية‬ginā’īya)
(‘āliya) ideals
opera 892
‫ مَثالي‬mitālī parabolic; allegoric; typical,
‫ مَماثلة‬mumātala resemblance, similarity,
representative; model; exemplary; ideal │
similitude, likeness, correspondence;
‫ مَثال النزعة‬m. n-naz‘a idealist
analogy; exact equivalence (Isl. Law)
‫ مَثال‬mattāl pl. -ūn sculptor
‫ تمثل‬tamattul assimilation (biol.)
‫ مَثالة‬exemplariness, perfection,
‫ تماثل‬tamātul matching, agreement,
superiority; (pl. -āt, ‫ مَثائل‬matā’il2) lesson,
correspondence, resemblance, similarity,
task, assignment
similitude, likeness, recovery,
‫ مَثيل‬matīl pl. ‫ مَثل‬mutul like, similar, convalescence
analogous; equal, match │ ‫ مَثيله‬f. ‫ مَثيلتها‬of
‫ امَتثال‬imtitāl obedience, compliance,
his (its) kind, of her kind; ‫لَ مَثيل له‬
consent
(matīla), ‫ لم يسبق له مَثيل‬,‫( ليس له مَثيل‬yasbiq)
incomparable, matchless, unrivaled, ‫ مَاثل‬mātil standing, standing forth;
unparalleled placed, set down; displayed, on display;
emerging, arising, cropping up, appearing,
‫ مَثول‬mutūl standing erect; appearance;
presenting itself │ ‫( مَاثل امَام عينيه‬amāma
presentation; audience
‘ainaihi) present before s.o.’s eyes; ‫مَاثل‬
‫ امَثولة‬umtūla pl. -āt, ‫ امَاثيل‬amātīl2 ‫( للعيان‬li-l-‘iyān) visible, conspicuous,
example; deterrent example, warning, evident, obvious; ‫( مَاثل في حضرته‬ḥaḍratihī)
lesson; proverb; assignment, lesson in front of s.o., in s.o.’s presence
‫ امَثل‬amtal2, f. ‫ مَثلى‬mutlā, pl. ‫ امَاثل‬amātil2 ‫ مَاثلة‬mātila lamp, chandelier
closer to perfection, coming nearer the
‫ مَمثل‬mumattil representing,
representative, representational; -- (pl.
-ūn) representative (also, e.g., diplomatic), ‫ امَجد‬amjad2 pl. ‫ امَاجد‬amājid2 more
deputy, agent; performer, player, stage glorious, more illustrious; more
player, actor; comedian │ ‫مَمثل تجاري‬ distinguished
(tijārī) commercial agent ‫ تمجيد‬tamjīd praise, glorification,
‫ مَمثلة‬mumattlila pl. -āt actress exaltation, idolization
1
‫ مَمثلية‬mumattilīya representation, ‫ مَجر‬majara u (majr) to be thirsty, feel thirsty,
agency │ ‫( مَمثلية سياسية‬siyāsīya) diplomatic to thirst
representation ‫ مَجر‬majr numerous (army)
‫ مَمثل‬mumattal depicted, portrayed; ‫ مَاجور‬mājūr pl. ‫ مَواجير‬mawājīr2 (eg.)
represented; assimilated (biol.) round earthen trough or tub used for
‫ مَماثل‬mumātil resembling, similar, like, making dough; tall, bulging earthen vessel
comparable; corresponding, analogous with a wide mouth
2
‫ مَتماثل‬mutamātil resembling each other, ‫ المجر‬al-majar the Hungarians; Hungary
similar, of the same kind, homogeneous; ‫ مَجري‬majarī Hungarian 893
mutually corresponding, homologous;
3
identical; assimilating, assimilative ‫ مَجر‬majar a small weight 18 3.61 = ‫ قيراط‬g
(Eg.)
‫ مَمتثل‬mumtatil obedient, submissive,
compliant ‫ مَاجريات‬see ‫جرى‬
‫ مَثانة‬matāna pl. -āt (urinary) bladder ‫ مَجريط‬majrīṭ2 Madrid
‫ مَج‬majja u (mail) to spit out, disgorge, eject, ‫ مَجوس‬look up alphabetically
emit, discharge (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to reject, dismiss, ‫ مَجلة‬majla pl. ‫ مَجال‬mijāl, (coll.) ‫ مَجل‬majl
discard (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to become ripe, ripen, blister; see also under ‫ جل‬jalla
mellow
‫ مَاجل‬mājil pl. ‫ مَواجل‬mawājil2 (tun.)
‫ مَجاج‬mujāj and ‫ مَجاجة‬mujāja spittle, cistern
saliva; juice
‫ مَمجمج‬mumajmaj indistinct, scribbled, illegible
‫ مَجد‬majada u (majd) and majuda u (‫مَجادة‬ 1
majāda) to be glorious, illustrious, exalted ‫ مَجن‬majana u (mujn, ‫ مَجون‬mujūn, ‫مَجانة‬
II and IV to praise, extol, laud, glorify, majāna) to joke, jest; to scoff, mock, jeer
celebrate V to be extolled, be glorified, be III to jeer, scoff, gibe (‫ ه‬s.o.), mock, poke
lauded, be praised; to bout, glory fun (‫ ه‬at s.o.), joke, jest (‫ ه‬with s.o.), make
fun (‫ ه‬of s.o.), play wild jokes (‫ ه‬on s.o.) V
‫ مَجد‬majd pl. ‫ امَجاد‬amjād glory; to make insolent jokes VI to mock at each
splendor, magnificence, grandeur; other
nobility, honor, distinction
‫ مَجانة‬majāna buffoonery, clowning; (pl.
‫ مَجدي‬majdī laudable, praiseworthy, -āt prank; antic
glorious
‫ مَجان‬majjān, impudent, insolent,
‫ مَجيد‬majīd glorious, illustrious; unrestrained, wanton, shameless; jester;
celebrated, famous; glorified. exalted; prankster, wag, buffoon; free, free or
praiseworthy, laudable, admirable, charge, gratuitous; ‫ مَجانا‬majjānan or ‫بالمجان‬
excellent, splendid; noble │ ‫ الكتاب المجيد‬the bi-l-majān free of charge, for nothing,
Koran gratis
‫ مَجيدي‬majīdī medjidie, a Turkish silver ‫ مَجاني‬majjānī free, free of charges,
coin of 20 piasters coined under Sultan gratuitous
Abdul-Medjid; (of money) Turkish
‫ مَجانية‬majjānīya gratuitousness,
‫ امَجاد‬amjād (pl. of ‫ )مَجيد‬people of rank, exemption from fees, remission of fees
distinguished people
‫ مَجون‬mujūn buffoonery, clowning;
shamelessness, impudence
‫ مَجوني‬mujūnī brazen sarcast, cynic effaced; to be annihilated, be destroyed,
perish
‫ مَاجن‬mājin pl. ‫ مَجان‬mujjān impudent,
shameless, brazen, insolent, saucy; joker, ‫ مَحق‬maḥq effacement, obliteration;
jester, wag, buffoon eradication, extermination, annihilation,
2 destruction
‫ مَاجن‬mājin pl. ‫ مَواجن‬mawājin2 (= ‫( )مَاجل‬tun.)
cistern ‫ مَحاق‬maḥāq, muḥāq, miḥāq waning of
the moon
‫ مَجنيزيوم‬magnīzīyom magnesium
‫ مَحك‬maḥuka a (maḥk) and maḥika a (maḥak)
‫ مَجوس‬majūs Magi, adherents of Mazdaism
to be quarrelsome, contentious,
‫ مَجوسي‬majūsī Magian; Magus, adherent cantankerous, quarrel, wrangle, bicker; to
of Mazdaism dispute stubbornly III to pick a quarrel,
‫ مَجوسية‬majūsīyya Mazdaism quarrel, wrangle, have an argument (‫ ه‬with
s.o.) IV and V = I
‫ مَح‬maḥḥ worn off, threadbare, shabby
‫ مَحك‬maḥik quarrelsome, contentious,
‫ مَح‬muḥḥ the best, choicest part, pith, cantankerous, disputatious, bickering;
gist, quintessence; egg yolk quarrelsome person, bickerer; wrangler
‫ مَحص‬maḥaṣa a (maḥṣ) to render clear, clarify, ‫ مَماحكة‬mumaḥaka quarrelsomeness,
purify (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II do.; to rectify, put right ( disputatiousness, petulance; quarrel, row,
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to put to the test (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to test, wrangle, dispute; (pl. -āt) chicanery;
examine closely (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to reappear, bickering, wrangling
re-emerge, come out again V do.; to be
clarified. be purified VII to he clarified, he ‫ مَاحك‬māḥik and ‫ مَماحك‬mumāḥik
purified quarrelsome, contentious, cantankerous,
disputatious; quarrelsome person,
‫ مَحيص‬maḥīṣ shiny, flashing (sword) bickerer, wrangler
‫ تمحيس‬tamḥīṣ pl. -āt clarification; ‫ مَحل‬maḥala a, maḥila a (maḥl, ‫ مَحول‬muḥūl)
testing, thorough examination and maḥula u (‫ مَحالة‬maḥāla) to be barren
‫ مَحض‬maḥaḍa a (maḥḍ) to he sincere (‫هـ ه‬ (land, year); -- maḥāla, maḥila a and
toward s.o. in), show or manifest sincerely maḥula u (‫ مَحال‬miḥāl) to plot, scheme,
(‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.; e.g., love, affection); -- intrigue (‫ ب‬against s.o.) IV to be barren
maḥuḍa u (‫ مَحوضة‬muḥūḍa) to be of pure and arid; to render barren (‫ هـ‬the soil); to
descent; to be pure, genuine, unmixed, be overdue, be withheld, fail to set in
unadulterated IV to be sincere (‫ هـ ه‬toward (rains) V to seek to attain by cunning or
s.o. in) V to devote o.s. exclusively (‫ ل‬to through intrigues (‫ هـ‬s.th.), strive
s.th.), he solely dedicated (‫ ل‬to s.th.) cunningly (‫ هـ‬for); to seek a pretext; to
propagandize or advertise (‫ ل‬s.th.) artfully
‫ مَحض‬maḥḍ of pure descent, pureblood; or with unfair means) │ ‫‘( تمحل العذر‬udr) to
pure, unmixed, unadulterated; genuine; use a pretext, make an excuse
sheer, downright, outright (e.g., lie,
nonsense, etc.); ‫ مَحضا‬maḥḍan only, ‫ مَحل‬maḥl barrenness, aridity, drought;
merely, exclusively, solely │ ‫بمحض اختياره‬ dearth, famine; cunning, craft, deceit; (see
bi-maḥḍi kt. entirely of his own accord; ‫لم‬ also under ‫ حل‬ḥalla)
‫ حض صالحها‬li-maḥḍi ṣāliḥihā solely in her ‫ مَحالة‬maḥāla pl. ‫ مَحال‬maḥāl pulley,
own interest, only for her own good block and tackle; (see also ‫)حول‬
‫ امَحوضة‬umḥūḍa sincere advice ‫ مَحال‬muḥāl slyness, cunning, craft,
‫ مَحق‬maḥaqa a (maḥq) to efface, blot out, insidiousness
strike out, erase (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to eradicate, ‫ مَاحل‬māḥil barren, sterile; bare, bleak
exterminate, annihilate, destroy (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
IV to wane, become invisible (moon); to ‫ مَمحل‬mumḥil barren, sterile
894 perish V, VII (‫ انمحق‬or ‫امَحق‬ ‫ مَحن‬maḥana a (maḥn) and VIII to try, try out,
immaḥaqa) and VIII to be or become test, put to the test, subject to a test (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to afflict, subject to a trial or trials ‫ مَخض‬makaḍa a u i (makḍ) to chum (‫ هـ‬milk);
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to examine (‫ ه‬s.o.) to shake violently (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- makiḍa a (
‫ مَخاض‬makāḍ, mikāḍ) to be parturient, be
‫ مَحنة‬miḥna pl. ‫ مَحن‬miḥan severe trial,
in labor V = I makiḍa; to bear, produce,
ordeal, tribulation; affliction; hardship,
bring forth, effect, bring about (‫ عن‬s.th.);
distress, suffering, misfortune
to be churned (milk)
‫ امَتحان‬imtiḥān pl. -āt test, experiment;
‫ مَخاض‬makāḍ labor pains
examination │ ‫ امَتحان الدخول‬entrance
examination; ‫( امَتحان نهائي‬nihā’ī) final ‫ مَخيض‬makīḍ buttermilk
examination ‫ مَخاضة‬makkāḍa and ‫ مَمخضة‬mimkaḍa pl.
‫ مَمتحن‬mumtaḥin tester; examiner ‫ مَماخض‬mamākiḍ churn
‫ مَمتحن‬mumtaḥan examined; tried, ‫ مَخط‬makaṭa a u (makṭ, ‫ مَخوط‬mukūṭ) and V to
tested; examinee, candidate blow one’s nose
(‫ مَحا )مَحو‬maḥā u (maḥw) to wipe off, rub out, ‫ مَخاط‬mukāṭ nasal mucus, snot │ ‫مَخاط‬
scratch out, erase, strike out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ الشمس‬m. aš-šams and ‫ مَخاط الشيطان‬m. aš-
efface, obliterate, blot out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to šaiṭā gossamer
wipe out, eradicate, exterminate, ‫ مَخاطي‬mukāṭī snotty; mucous; slimy,
extinguish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to eliminate, abolish ( ropy
‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ لَ يمحى‬lā yumḥā ineffaceable,
indelible II to wipe out, extinguish, ‫ مَخيط‬mukaiṭ (eg.) sebésten (Cordia
exterminate, extirpate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V, VII (‫انمح‬ myxa L.; bot.)
‫ ى‬and ‫ امَحى‬immaḥā) and VIII to be effa ‫ مَخطر‬II tamakṭara to walk with a graceful,
‫ؤ‬ed, obliterated, extinguished, wiped out, swinging gait
exterminated; to disappear, vanish 1
‫ مَخل‬mukl pl. ‫ امَخال‬amkāl, ‫ مَخول‬mukūl lever,
‫ مَحو‬maḥw effacement, obliteration, pinch bar, crowbar
blotting out; erasure, deletion; 2
elimination; abolition, abolishment, □‫ مَخلة‬mikla (= ‫ )مَخلاة‬pl. ‫ مَخل‬mikal, ‫مَخالي‬
annulment makālī nosebag
O ‫ مَمحاة‬mimḥāh and ‫ مَحاية‬maḥḥāya ‫ مَخمض‬makmaḍa to rinse the mouth
eraser ‫ مَد‬madda u (madd) to extend, distend, expand,
‫ امَحاء‬immiḥā’ extinction, extermination, dilate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stretch, stretch out (‫هـ‬
extirpation s.th.), crane (‫ هـ‬the neck); to draw out,
protract (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to spread out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ مَاحية‬māḥiya eraser 895 layout (‫ هـ‬s.th.), lay (‫ هـ‬tracks, pipeline); to
‫ مَخ‬mukk pl. ‫ مَخاخ‬mikāk, ‫ مَخاخة‬mikāka spread (‫ هـ‬a net); to lengthen, elongate,
brain; marrow, medulla; core, essence; prolong (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to grant a respite or
purest and choicest part delay; to rise (flood, river); to help, aid,
assist (‫ ه‬s.o.), support (‫ ب ه‬s.o. by or with),
‫ مَخي‬mukkī brain- (in compounds), supply, provide (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to
cerebral reinforce (‫ هـ‬an army); to fertilize, manure
‫ المخا‬al-mukā Mocha (seaport in SW Yemen) (‫ هـ‬the soil) │ ‫‘( مَد عمره‬umrahū) to
1 prolong s.o.’s life (of God); ‫مَد البصر الى‬
‫ مَخر‬makara a (makr, ‫ مَخور‬mukūr) to plow; to
(baṣara) to turn one’s eyes, direct one’s
move, out, shear, cleave (‫ هـ‬through s.th.);
glance to; ‫( مَد جذرا في الرض‬jidran, arḍ) to
(of a ship) to plow, traverse (‫ هـ‬the sea)
strike roots (tree); ‫ مَد الحبالة له‬to lay a snare
‫ مَاخر‬mākir plowing the sea (ship) for s.o.; ‫( مَد رجله بقدر كسائه‬rijlahū bi-qadri
‫ مَاخرة‬mākira pl. ‫ مَواخر‬mawākr2 ship kisā’ihī) to cut one’s coat according to
2
one’s cloth, make the beet of it, adjust o.s.
‫ مَاخور‬mākūr pl. ‫ مَواخير‬mawākīr brothel to the circumstances; ‫مَد رجليه بقدر لحافه‬
‫ مَخق‬makraqa to brag, tell fibs; to swindle, (rijlaihi bi-gadri likāfihī) do.; ‫مَد سمعه‬
cheat (sam‘ahū) to prick up one’s ears; ‫مَد المائدة‬
to set the table; ‫( مَد في المشي‬mašy) to take during │ ‫ في مَدة‬... within, in the course of,
long strides; ‫ مَد المواسير‬to lay pipe; ‫مَد اليه يده‬ during; ‫( مَدة مَن الزمَان‬zaman) period (of
(yadahū) to extend one’s hand to s.o. II to time), space of time, interval, while;
extend, distend, expand, dilate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to muddatan min az-z. for a while, for some
stretch out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to spread, spread out ( time
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to lengthen, elongate, protract, ‫ مَدد‬madad pl. ‫ امَداد‬amdād help, aid,
prolong (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to discharge pus, assistance, support, backing,
suppurate, fester III to delay, defer, reinforcement; pl. resources; auxiliaries
procrastinate; to put off from day to day (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV to help, aid, assist (‫ ه‬s.o.), support ‫ مَداد‬midād ink; lamp oil; fertilizer,
(‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), provide, supply, furnish ( ‫ب‬ manure, dung; pattern, style │ ‫سجله بمداد‬
‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th. with); to lend, impart (‫ ب ه‬to ‫ الفخر‬sajjalahū bi-m. il-fakr to inscribe s.th.
s.th. s.th.); to reinforce (. an army); to with golden letters; ‫ على مَداد واحد‬after the
postpone, delay, grant a respite; to same pattern
suppurate, fester │ ‫( امَد بأجله‬bi-ajalihī) to ‫ مَديد‬madīd pl. ‫ مَدد‬mudud extended,
grant s.o. another respite in this life (of outstretched, stretched, elongated; long,
God) V to be spread, spread out, extended, prolonged, protracted; tall, big; slender,
stretched out; to extend, stretch, spread; high, towering; ‫ المديد‬name of a poetical
896 to lengthen, expend, distend, dilate; to meter │ ‫( زمَان مَديد‬zamān) or ‫مَدة مَديدة‬
stretch o.s., stretch out, sprawl (on a bed, (muda) long time; ‫‘( عمر مَديد‬umr) greet
end the like) VIII to be extended, age; ‫ مَديد البصر‬m. al-baṣar farsighted,
distended, stretched; to be laid (wires, farseeing
pipeline); to extend or reach (‫ الى‬to s.th.),
stretch, spread (‫ الى‬to s.th., over a ‫ مَداد‬maddād a creeping plant
distance); to lengthen, become drawn out, ‫ امَدة‬amidda warp of a fabric
become protracted or prolonged; to be
long; to develop, grow (‫ الى‬into) X to take, ‫ تمديد‬tamdīd pl. -āt lengthening,
get, draw, derive, borrow (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. elongation, prolongation, extension
from), provide o.s. with (‫ ;)هـ‬to ask for ‫ امَداد‬imdād help, aid, assistance,
help (‫ ه‬s.o.) support, sustentation, maintenance,
‫ مَد‬madd pl. ‫ مَدود‬mudūd extension; provisioning; supply (mil.); pl. -āt
distension, dilation, expansion; stretching; auxiliaries, reinforcements, supplies
spreading; lengthening, elongation, ‫ تمدد‬tamaddud extension, spreading,
prolongation, protraction; drawing out of expansion; stretching, distention, dilation,
the voice over long vowels (in Koran dilatation, widening
recitation); rising, rise (of water, of the
‫ امَتداد‬imtidād stretching, stretch,
flood); supply (‫ ب‬with) │ ‫ مَد البصر‬m. al-
extension, extensity; extensibility,
baṣar range of vision; madda l-b. as far as
dispensability; expansibility; widening,
the eye can see; ‫ مَد النظر‬m. an-naẓar
distention, dilation, dilatation,
farsightedness, foresight; ‫ حروف المد‬the
lengthening, elongation, prolongation;
“literae productionis” ‫( ا و ي‬gram.)
expanse; length; size, extent, spread,
‫ مَدة‬madda sign over alif (‫ )آ‬denoting compass, range, scope │ ‫ على امَتداد‬along,
initial long a (’ā) alongside of
‫ مَد‬mudd pl. ‫ امَداد‬amdād, ‫ مَداد‬midād ‫ استمداد‬istimdād procurement of support,
mudd, a dry measure (Pal. = 18 l, Tangier bringing up of reinforcements; supply
= 46.6 l) (mil.)
‫ مَدة‬midda pus, purulent matter ‫ مَاد‬mādd stretching, expanding,
‫ مَدة‬mudda pl. ‫ مَدد‬mudad period (of extending, spreading; trailing, creeping
time), space of time, interval; while; (plant)
duration; limited or appointed time, term; ‫ مَادة‬mādda pl. ‫ مَواد‬mawādd2 stuff,
‫ مَدة‬muddata within, in the course of, matter; material possession; substance;
material; component, constituent, ‫ مَداليه‬madāliya pl. ‫ مَداليات‬madāliyāt medal
ingredient; fundamental constituent, ‫ مَداليون‬madaliyōn medallion, locket, pendant
radical, chemical element, base; subject,
theme, topic; school subject, field of ‫ مَدح‬madaḥa a (madḥ, ‫ مَدحة‬midḥa) to praise,
study; discipline, subject matter, 897 commend, laud, extol (‫ ه‬s.o.); to eulogize,
curricular subject; article, paragraph (e.g., celebrate in poems (‫ هه‬s.o.) II do. V to be
of a law, treaty or contract); stipulation, commended, be praised, be lauded; to
contractual term j pl. material, materials; boast (‫ ب‬of s.th.), glory (‫ ب‬in), pride o.s. (
agents, elements │ ‫( مَادة اصلية‬aṣlīya) root ‫ ب‬on), be proud (‫ ب‬of) VIII = I
of a word; ‫( مَواد اولية‬awwalīya) primary ‫ مَدح‬madḥ commendation, laudation,
elements; raw materials; ‫مَواد تجارية‬ praise; extolment, glorification;
(tijārīya) articles of commerce, panegyrical litsrature; acclaim │ ‫المدح في‬
commodities; ‫ مَواد التجميل‬cosmetics; ‫مَواد‬ ‫ ا‬the glorification of God
‫( جنائية‬jinā’īya) criminal cases (jur.); ‫مَواد‬
‫( حربية‬ḥarbīya) war material; ‫ مَواد خام‬raw ‫ مَديح‬madīḥ pl. ‫ مَدائح‬madā’iḥ2 praise,
materials; ‫ مَواد الصباغة‬dyestuffs, dyes; ‫مَواد‬ laudation, commendation; panegyrical
‫( صلبة‬ṣulba) solid constituents, solids (e.g., poem, panegyric; eulogy, encomium,
of milk); O ‫ مَواد مَصنوعة‬manufactured tribute
goods, ready-made goods; O ‫مَواد التطيب‬ ‫ امَدوحة‬umdūḥa pl. ‫ امَاديح‬amādīḥ2 praise,
medicaments, drugs; ‫ مَواد العاشة‬m. al- laudation, commendation; panegyrical
i‘āša, ‫ مَواد المعيش‬m. al-ma‘īš food-stuffs, poem; eulogy, encomium, tribute
food; ‫( مَواد غذائية‬gidā’īya) foodstuffs,
victuals, food, nutritive substances; ‫ تمدح‬tamadduḥ extolment, glorification;
fodder; ‫ مَواد اللغة‬m. al-luga vocabulary of a self-praise, vainglory, ostentation,
language; O ‫( مَواد مَضادة للحيويات‬muḍādda swaggering
li-l-ḥayawīyāt antibiotics; ‫مَواد مَلتهبة‬ ‫ مَادح‬mādiḥ and ‫ مَداح‬maddāḥ panegyrist,
(multahiba) combustible materials, encomiast, eulogist
inflammable matter; fuel; ‫مَواد مَدنية‬ 1
‫ مَدر‬madar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬clods of earth or
(madanīya) civil cases (jur.); ‫مَواد النسيج‬
mud, loam, clay │ ‫ اهل الوبر والمدر‬ahl al-
textiles
wabar wa-l-m. the tent-dwellers and the
‫ مَادي‬māddī material; corporeal, city-dwellers, the nomads and the
physical; materialistic; (pl. -ūn) sedentary population
materialist; objective (as opposed to
‫ مَدن‬madara clod of earth or mud; small
‫)شخصي‬
hump of the ground
‫ مَادية‬māddīya materialism │ ‫الماديات‬ 2
‫ مَدراء‬mudarā’2 pl. of ‫ مَدير‬mudir, see ‫دور‬
‫( والمعنويات‬ma‘nawīyāt) material and ideal
things ‫ مَدراس‬madrās2 Madras (state and city in S
India)
‫ مَمدود‬mamdūd extended; outstretched;
elongated; prolonged, protracted, drawn ‫ مَدريد‬madrīd2 Madrid
out; extensive, great, large; provided with ‫( مَدلن‬Engl.) midlin middling, of
madda (gram.) medium quality (com.)
‫ مَمدد‬mumaddad spread, outspread, ‫ مَدن‬II to found or build cities; to civilize,
outstretched; stretched out, sprawling, urbanize, humanize, refine V 898 ‫تمدن‬
lying; extended, elongated, long tamaddana to be or become civilized; ‫تمدي‬
‫ مَمتد‬mumtadd extended, outstretched; ‫ ن‬tamadyana do.; to enjoy the comforts;
spread, outspread, laid out; extending, of civilization, the amenities of life
stretching, spreading; extensive, wide, ‫ مَدينة‬madīna pl. ‫ مَدن‬mudun, ‫مَدائن‬
large, comprehensive madā’in2 town, city │ ‫ مَدينة النبي‬or ‫المدينة‬
‫ مَستمد‬mustamadd taken, derived (‫مَن‬ (usually followed by the epithet ‫ المنورة‬al-
from) munawwara) Medina (city in W Saudi
Arabia); ‫ مَدينة السلم‬m. as-salām Baghdad
(capital of Iraq); ‫ مَدينة الكاب‬Cape Town; ‫المد‬ ‫‘( امَتار‬ašri amtār) at a distance of 10
‫( ن الكبرى‬kubrā) the big cities meters; ‫ بعيد المدى‬far-reaching, ‫مَدفع بعيد المدى‬
(midfa‘) long-range gun; ‫في المدى الخير‬
‫ مَدني‬madanī urban, urbanized, city-
after all, when all’s said and done, in the
dwelling, town-dwelling; civilized,
last analysis
refined, polished; civilian (as opposed to
military), civil, civic; secular; town ‫ مَدية‬madya, mudya, midya pl. ‫مَدى‬
dweller, townsman, city dweller, urbanite, mudan, midan, ‫ مَديات‬mudyāt, mudayāt
citizen, civilian; of Medina, Medinan (adj. butcher’s knife; knife
and n.) │ ‫( دعوى مَدنية‬da‘wā) civil action, ‫ مَدوي‬madawī, mudawī, midawī cutler
civil suit, civil proceeding (jur.); ‫الطيران‬
‫( المدني‬ṭayarān) civil aeronautics; ‫قانون مَدني‬ ‫ تماد‬tamādin: ‫ مَع طول التمادي‬,‫ مَع التمادي‬in
civil law the long run
‫ مَدنية‬madanīya civilization ‫( مَديل‬Fr. modèle) modēl pl. -āt model
‫ تمدين‬tamdīn civilizing, civilization, ‫ مَدين‬II tamadyana see ‫مَدن‬
advancement in social culture, ‫ مَذ‬mud since (= ‫ مَنذ‬mundu)
humanization, refining, raising of moral
standards ‫ مَذر‬madira a (madar) to be addle (egg),
become rotten II to scatter, disperse,
‫ تمديني‬tamdīnī civilizing, civilizatory, spread or sprinkle about (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V = I
civilizational
‫ شذر مَذر‬šadara madara scattered here
‫ تمدن‬tamaddun and ‫ تمدين‬tamadyun and there
civilization; refinement of social culture
‫ مَذر‬madir spoiled, rotten, putrid
‫ تمدني‬tamaddunī civilized
‫ مَذق‬madaqa u (madq) to mix with water, dilute
‫ مَتمدن‬mutamaddin civilized;
sophisticated, refined, educated ‫ مَذق‬madq watered wine 899
‫ مَتمدين‬mutamadyin civilized, provided ‫ مَذيق‬madīq diluted, mixed with water,
with the comforts of civilization watered, watery
‫ مَدى‬III to grant a respite or delay (‫ ه‬to s.o.) IV ‫ مَذاق‬madāq and ‫ مَماذق‬mumādaq
do. VI to persist, persevere (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫على‬ insincere, hypocritical
in), keep, stick, adhere (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬to); ‫ مَذل‬madila a (madl, ‫ مَذال‬madāl) to reveal,
to continue (‫ في‬s.th.), keep or go on (‫في‬ disclooe (‫ ب‬s.th. secret)
doing s.th.); to go far, go to extremes (‫في‬
in); to continue, last, draw out ‫ مَذهب‬II tamadhaba see ‫ذهب‬
1
‫ مَدى‬madan extension, expanse, stretch, ‫ مَر‬marra u (marr, ‫ مَرور‬murūr, ‫ مَمر‬mamarr)
spread, compass, range, scope, space, to pass (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬s.o., s.th. or by s.o., by
latitude, reach; distance, interval, s.th.), go, walk, saunter, or stroll by or past
interspace; extent, degree, measure, scale, (‫ على‬,‫ ;)ب‬to march past s.o. (‫)امَام‬, pass in
proportion; utmost point, extreme, limit; review (‫ امَام‬before s.o.; mil.); to pass,
space of time, duration, period; (prep.) ‫مَدى‬ elapse, go by, run out (time); to come, go,
mad4 for the duration of, during, in a walk, or pass along s.th. (‫ ب‬or ‫)على‬, skirt (
(given) period of, in the course of │ ‫مَدى‬ ‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬s.th.); to pass, go, walk, move,
‫ البصر‬m. l-baṣar range or field of vision, march, travel (‫ ب‬or ‫ مَن‬or ‫ على‬through),
visual range; ‫ مَدى الحياة‬m. l-ḥayāh lifetime; cross, traverse (‫ مَن‬a place, a country, a
for life; ‫( المدى الحيوي‬ḥayawī) lebensraum; room); to flow through, run through; to fly
‫ مَدى الدوران‬m. d-dawarān continually, through; to lead, run, out (‫ في‬through an
constantly, perpetually; ‫ مَدى الصوت‬m. ṣ- area; border), pass (‫ في‬over), cross (‫ في‬an
ṣaut roach of the voice, calling distance; area); to go or pass (‫ ب‬through a stage or
‫ مَدى العمر‬m. l-‘umr lifetime; ‫ مَدى‬m. l- phase), undergo (‫ ب‬a state or phase); to
ayyām throughout the days, continually; cross (‫ على‬a border, s. line, mountains,
‫ الى مَدى بعيد‬at a great distance; ‫على مَدى عشر‬ etc.); to fly (‫ فوق‬over an area; airplane); to
depart, go away, leave; to continue (‫ يفعل‬to ‫( مَرة‬aktara) more than once, several
do s.th.), keep, or go on, doing s.th. │ ‫مَر‬ times; ‫ بالمرة‬at all, absolutely, entirely;
‫( ذكره‬dikruhū) it has been discussed, it has (with neg.) not at all, never, by no means;
been mentioned above; ‫ كما مَر بنا‬as it has ‫ غير مَرة‬gaira marratin or ‫غير مَا مَرة‬
passed before us, as we have already repeatedly, several times, more than once;
mentioned; ‫ مَر بالَمَتحان‬to pass the ‫ كم مَرة‬kam marratan how often? how
examination; ‫( مَر بسلم‬bi-salām) to turn many times? ‫ للمرة السادسة‬for the sixth
out well, go off without mishap; ‫مَر عليه‬ times; ‫ لخر مَرة‬li-ākiri marratin or ‫للمرة‬
‫( ببصره‬bi-baṣarihī) to scan s.th., peruse ‫ الخيرة‬for the time; ‫ لول مَرة‬li-awali
s.th. hastily; ‫( مَر مَر البرق‬marra l-barq) to marratin for the first time; ‫مَرارا عديدة‬
pass swiftly, flash past, flit past; ‫مَر مَر‬ (‘adīdatan) frequently, often; ‫مَرارا وتكرارا‬
‫( الكرام‬marra l-k.) to pass as if nothing had 900 (wa-takrāan) time and again, again
happened, brush past; ‫مَر به )عليه( مَر الكرام‬ and again
to overlook s.th. generously, pass over ‫ مَرور‬murūr passing; parade, march past
s.th. with dignity, treat s.th. with disdain II (‫ ;)امَام‬passage, march, journey, or trip
to let pass (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to convey, carry or through (‫ على‬,‫ مَن‬,‫)ب‬, transit; flowing
take through (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pass (‫ هـ‬the ball, through, flow; crossing, traversal; flying
in soccer) │ ‫( مَرر سفينة في القناة‬qanāh) to over (‫ ;)فوق‬uninterrupted sequence; traffic
pass or take a ship through the canal IV to (street, tourist, shipping); progression,
let (‫ ه‬s.o.) go by or past s.o. or s.th. (‫ على‬or process, course, lapse (of time); (eg.)
‫ ;)ب‬to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) pass (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to inspection │ ‫ مَرور الزمَان‬m. az-zamān
make (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) go through s.th. (‫على‬ expiration of the deadline; ‫تذكرة المرور‬
or ‫)ب‬, lead, take or send (‫ ه‬s.o.) through ( tadkirat al-m. permit, pass, laissez-passer;
‫ على‬or ‫)ب‬, pass,stick (‫ على‬or ‫ ب هـ‬s.th. passport; ‫ حركة المرور‬ḥarakat al-m.
through); to insert (‫ على‬or ‫ ب هـ‬s.th. in) │ through traffic; ‫ شرطة المرور‬šurṭat al-m
‫( امَر نظره على‬naẓarahū) to pass one’s traffic police, highway patrol; ‫نظام المرور‬
glance over, let one’s eyes wander over X traffic regulations
to last, endure, continue, go on; to remain,
stay; to continue (‫ على‬or ‫ في‬s.th., ‫ يفعل‬to do ‫ مَمر‬mamarr passing, going by;
s.th.), persist, persevere (‫ على‬or ‫ في‬in s.th.), elapsing; lapse, expiration (of time);
keep (‫ على‬or ‫ في‬to s.th., ‫ يفعل‬doing s.th.), go transition; crossing; access, approach; (pl.
on (‫ يفعل‬doing s.th.), stick, adhere (‫ على‬or -āt) aisle, passage, passageway, corridor;
‫ في‬to s.th.) ford; (mountain) pass │ ‫( مَمر سفلي‬suflī)
underpass; ‫ على مَمر العصور‬in the course of
‫ مَر‬marr passing, going by; passage, centuries
transit; transition; crossing; progression,
process, lapse, course (of time); iron ‫ امَرار‬imrār passing through, insertion
shovel, spade; rope │ ‫( على مَر الزمَان‬m. iz- ‫ استمرار‬istimrār duration, permanence,
zamān) in the course of time continuity, continuance, continuation,
‫ مَرة‬marra pl. -āt, ‫ مَرار‬mirār time, turn; continued existence, survival; persistence
‫ مَرة‬marratan once; ‫ مَرتين‬marrataini twice; │ ‫ باستمرار‬continually, constantly; ‫دوامَا‬
‫ مَاتة‬marrātin repeatedly; several times, ‫( واستمرارا‬dawāman) constantly,
quite often; ‫ مَرارا‬mirāran several times, continuously, incessantly, without
more than once, quite often; at times, now interruption; ‫ قوة الَستمرار‬qūwat al-ist.
and then, occasionally, sometimes │ ‫مَرة مَا‬ inertia, vis inertiae
marratan mā or ‫ ذات مَرة‬dāta marratin ‫ مَار‬mārr passing; going, walking,
once, one time, one day; ‫مَرة اخرى‬ riding, etc., past or by; (pl. -ūn, ‫مَارة‬
marratan ukrā or ‫( مَرة جديدة‬jadīdatan) mārra) passer-by, pedestrian, walker,
once again, once more, anew, ‫ مَرة بعد مَرة‬or stroller │ ‫( المار ذكره‬dikruhū) the above-
‫ مَرة عن مَرة‬time and again, again and again; mentioned, what has already been
‫( المرة تلو المرة‬tilwa) time after time, time discussed
and again; ‫( مَرة واحدة‬wāḥidatan) at once, at
one time; eventually, finally, at last; ‫اكثر مَن‬ ‫ مَستمر‬mustamirr lasting, permanent,
enduring, constant, continual,
uninterrupted, unceasing, incessant; ‫ امَرأة‬imra’a (with def. article ‫ المرأة‬al-
continuous, unbroken │ ‫( تيار مَستمر‬tayyār) mar’a) pl. see ‫نسو‬, woman, wife │ ‫المرأة‬
direct current (el.); ‫( مَوجات مَستمرة‬maujāt) ‫( المسلسلة‬musalsala) Andromeda (astron.)
continuous waves (phys.) ‫ مَروءة‬murū’a and ‫ مَروة‬murūwa the ideal
2
‫ مَر‬marra u a (‫ مَرارة‬marāra) to be or become of manhood, comprising all knightly
bitter II to make bitter, embitter (‫ هـ‬s.th.) virtues, esp., manliness, valor, chivalry,
IV to be or become bitter; to make bitter ( generosity, sense of honor
‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to fight, contend, dispute (with ‫ مَريء‬marī’ manly, virile; healthful,
each other) X to think bitter, find bitter (‫هـ‬ salubrious, healthy, wholesome │ ‫هنيئا مَريئا‬
s.th.) (hanī’an) approx.: may it do you much
‫ مَر‬murr pl. ‫ امَرار‬amrār bitter; severe; good! I hope you will enjoy it (i.e, food)!
sharp; painful; bitterness; myrrh │ ‫مَر‬ ‫ مَريء‬marī’ pl. ‫ امَرئة‬amri’a, ‫ مَروء‬murū’
‫ الصحاري‬m. aṣ-ṣaḥārī colocynth (bot.) esophagus, gullet
‫ مَرة‬mirra pl. ‫ مَرر‬mirar gall. bile; (pl. َ‫ام‬ ‫ مَراكش‬marrākuš2, marrākiš2 Marrakech (city in
‫ رار‬amrār) strength, power W Morocco); Morocco
‫ مَرارة‬marāra pl. ‫ مَرائر‬marā’ir2 ‫ مَراكشي‬marrākušī, marrākišī Moroccan
bitterness; gall, gall bladder; innermost, (adj. and n.)
heart │ ‫( انشقت مَرارته غيظا‬inšaqqat, gaiẓan)
he burst with anger ‫ مَرث‬marata u (mart) to suck, bite (‫ هـ‬one’s
fingers); to soften, crush, squash, mash (‫هـ‬
‫ مَرير‬marīr pl. ‫ مَرائر‬marā’ir2 strong, s.th.); to macerate, soak (in water; ‫ هـ‬s.th.)
firm, stubborn, tenacious, dogged,
1
persistent, deep-seated, deep, profound ‫ مَرج‬marj pl. ‫ مَروج‬murūj grass-covered
(esp., of feelings) steppe; pasture land; meadow
‫ مَريرة‬marīra pl. ‫ مَرائر‬marā’ir2 firmness; ‫ هرج ومَروج‬harj wa-marj confusion,
detention, resoluteness; vigor, energy, jumble, tumult, hubbub
tenacity, doggedness; steadiness, ‫ مَرج‬maraj disorder, confusion, jumble
constancy 2
‫ مَرجان‬marjān, murjān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬small
‫ امَر‬amarr2 firmer, stronger; bitterer │ pearls; corals │ ‫ سمك مَرج‬samak m.
‫ المَران‬the two bitter things (i.e., poverty goldfish
and old age); ‫ قاسى المَرين‬qāsā l-amarrain
to go through the worst, be exposed to ‫ مَرجاني‬marjānī coralline, coral, coralli-
greatest hardships (in compounds), corallike, coral-red │
‫ جزيرة مَرجانية‬atoll; ‫ شعاب مَرجانية‬coral reefs
‫ مَمرور‬mamrūr bilious; foolish, crazy;
fool ‫ مَرجح‬marjaḥa to rock II tamarjaḥa to swing
back and forth, pendulate, dangle; to be in
‫ مَرأ‬mara’a, ‫ مَرئ‬mari’a a and ‫ مَرؤ‬maru’a u (‫مَر‬ suspense, be pending, be in abeyance
‫ اءة‬marā’a) to be wholesome, healthful,
palatable (food); -- ‫ مَرؤ‬maru’a u (‫مَروءة‬ ‫ مَرح‬mariḥa a (maraḥ) to be gay, merry,
murū’a) to be manly; -- ‫ مَرؤ‬maru’a u (‫مَراء‬ cheerful, in high spirits, hilarious,
‫ ة‬marā’a) to be healthy and salubrious exuberant, lively; to be glad, happy,
(climate) X to find wholesome and tasty ( delighted; to rejoice, exult │ ‫سرح مَرح‬
‫ هـ‬food); to enjoy, savor, relish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to (sariḥa) to do as one likes, proceed
be able to digest (‫ هـ‬s.th.; also fig.); to take arbitrarily
to s.th. (‫)هـ‬, take a liking (‫ ب‬to), derive ‫ مَرح‬maraḥ joy, cheerfulness, gaiety,
pleasure (‫ هـ‬from) glee, mirth, hilarity, merriment, liveliness
‫ امَرأ‬,‫ امَرء‬imra’ and ‫ امَرؤ‬imru’ (with ‫ مَرح‬mariḥ pl. ‫ مَرحى‬marḥā, ‫مَراحى‬
definite article ‫ المرء‬al-mar’) a man; 901 marāḥā joyful, gay, happy, merry,
person, human being; ‫ المرء‬frequently for cheerful, lively, romping, hilarious,
Engl. “one”, as ‫( يظن المرء‬yaẓunnu) one exuberant
would think
‫ مَراح‬mirāḥ jollity, hilarity, exuberance ‫ مَردقوش‬mardaqūš marjoram
‫ مَريح‬marīḥ joyful, gay, happy, merry, ‫ مَرزبان‬marzubān pl. ‫ مَرازبة‬marāziba
cheerful, lively, romping, hilarious, vicegerent, provincial governor, satrap (in
exuberant ancient Persia)
‫ مَرحى‬marḥā well done! bravo! │ ‫مَرحى‬ ‫ مَرزجوش‬marzajūš, ‫ مَرزنجوش‬marzanjūš ‫مَردقوش‬
‫ ب‬bravo to ... ‫ مَرس‬marasa u (mars) to soak (in water),
‫ مَمراح‬mimrāḥ of cheerful disposition, macerate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to exercise, pursue,
gay-tempered, blithe; gay, jovial person practice (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp., a profession); (intr.)
to practice, have or operate a practice; to
‫ مَرحب‬marḥaba to welcome (‫ ه‬s.o.)
carry out, execute (‫ ب‬an action); to apply
‫ مَرخ‬marak a (mark) to oil, anoint,rub, o.s. (0 to s.th.), go in for (‫ ;)هـ‬to try V to
embrocate (‫ هـ‬the body) II do. V to rub rub o.s. (‫ ب‬with, against); to have trouble,
one’s skin with a liniment, oil o.s., anoint be at odds (‫ ب‬with); to exercise (‫ ب‬an
o.s. office), pursue, practice (‫ ب‬a profession);
‫ مَرخ‬marik soft; slack, flabby, flaccid to work (‫ ب‬with), be in practical contact,
have actually to do (‫ ب‬with s.th.); to have
‫ مَروخ‬marūk liniment; salve, unguent, to cope or struggle (‫ ب‬with s.th.) VI to
ointment fight, struggle, contend with each other
‫ مَريخ‬mirrīk Mars (astron.) ‫ مَرس‬mars game which is won by
‫ مَرد‬marada u (‫ مَرود‬murūd) and maruda (‫مَرادة‬ getting all the tricks
marāda, ‫ مَرود‬murūda) to be refractory, ‫ مَرس‬maris pl. ‫ امَراس‬amrās seasoned,
recalcitrant, rebellious; to revolt, rebel ( practiced, experienced, veteran
‫ على‬against) II to strip (‫ هـ‬a branch) of its
leaves; to plaster, mortar, face (‫ هـ‬a ‫ مَرسة‬marasa pl. ‫ امَراس‬amrās rope,
building) V to be refractory, recalcitrant, cord, line; cable, hawser
to revolt, rebel (‫ على‬agaist); to be insolent, ‫ مَراس‬mirās and ‫ مَراسة‬marāsa strength,
arrogant, overbearing power │ ‫ سهل المراس‬sahl al-m. tractable,
‫ مَردى‬murdī pl. ‫ مَرادى‬marādīy (punting) manageable, docile, compliant; ‫شديد المراس‬
pole, boat hook 902 or ‫( صعب المراس‬ṣa’b al-m. intractable,
unruly, refractory; ‫صعوبة المراس‬
‫ مَراد‬marād, marrād pl. ‫ مَراريد‬marārīd2 intractability, unruliness, refractoriness,
nape, neck recalcitrance
‫ مَريد‬ma.rid pl. ‫ مَرداء‬muradā’ refractory, ‫ مَريسة‬marīsa a kind of beer
recalcitrant, rebellious
‫ مَريسي‬marīsī hot south wind (eg.)
‫ تمراد‬timrād pl. ‫ تماريد‬tamārīd2 dovecot
‫ مَمارسة‬mumārasa pursuit, exercise,
‫ امَرر‬amrad2, f. ‫ مَرداء‬mardā’2, pl. ‫مَرد‬ practicing (of a profession); execution,
mard beardless; leafless (tree); dry, implementation; practical application;
withered practice; experience, routine; negotiation
‫ تمرد‬tamarrud refractoriness, ‫ تمرس‬tamarrus practicing, practice (‫ب‬
recalcitrance, disobedience, of an activity, of a profession)
insubordination; uprising, insurrection,
mutiny, revolt, rebellion ‫ مَرسيليا‬marsīliyā Marseille (seaport in SE
France)
‫ مَارد‬mārid pl. -ūn, ‫ مَردة‬marada, ‫مَراد‬
murrād refractory, recalcitrant, defiant; ‫ مَرسين‬marsīn myrtle (myrtus; bot.)
rebel, insurgent; demon, evil spirit, devil; ‫ مَرش‬maraša u (marš) to scratch (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
giant
‫ مَرشال‬maršāl (field) marshal
‫ مَتمرد‬mutamarrid refractory,
‫ مَرص‬murṣ Morse (code)
recalcitrant, disobedient, insubordinate,
mutinous, rebellious
‫ مَرض‬mariḍa a (maraḍ) to be or become lick; ‫ مَمراع‬mimrā‘ thriving, flourishing,
to fall ill, be taken ill II to make ill or sick prosperous (city)
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to nurse, tend (‫ ه‬a sick person) IV ‫ مَرغ‬II to roll (in the dust) (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to rub over
to make ill or sick (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be infirm, (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to rub (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to soil, sully,
ailing, sickly, weak VI to feign illness, make dirty (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to roll, wallow
malinger (esp., in the dust); to waver irresolutely
‫ مَرض‬maraḍ pl. ‫ امَراض‬amrāḍ disease, ‫ مَرغرين‬margarīn margarine
malady, ailment; illness, sickness │ ‫مَرض‬
‫ البياض الدقيقي‬m. al-bayāḍī ad-daqīqī ‫ مَرفين‬murfīn morphine
mildew; ‫‘( مَرض عصبي‬aṣabī) nervous ‫ مَرق‬maraqa u (‫ مَروق‬murūq) to pierce,
disease, neuropathy; ‫‘( مَرض عقلي‬aqlī) penetrate (‫ مَن‬s.th. or s.o.; esp., of an
mental disease; ‫( مَرض فحمي‬faḥmī) blight, arrow), go or pass through (‫ ;)مَن‬to dart,
blast (of grain); ‫( مَرض فرنجي‬firanjī) rush, shoot, or fly past, pass swiftly; to
syphilis; ‫( مَرض مَعد‬mu‘din) contagious hurry away, scamper away; to stray (e.g.,
disease; ‫( امَراض باطنية‬bāṭinīya) internal of an arrow); to digress, deviate; to
diseases; 903 ‫( امَراض سرية‬sirrīya) venereal renege, renounce (esp. ‫ مَن الدين‬the true
diseases; ‫( امَراض صدرية‬ṣadrīya) diseases faith) │ ‫( مَرق السهم‬sahmu) (lit.: the arrow
of the chest, pulmonary diseases hal passed through, i.e.) the matter is
‫ مَرض‬murḍin see ‫رضي‬ finished, done with. settled II to sing
‫ مَرضى‬maraḍī relating to disease, ‫ مَرق‬maraq and ‫ مَرقة‬maraqa broth,
morbid, pathological, patho- (in bouillon; gravy
compounds) ‫ مَروق‬murūq straying, deviation;
‫ مَريض‬marīḍ pl. ‫ مَرضى‬marḍā, ‫مَراضى‬ apostasy, defection, desertion, disloyalty
marāḍā sick, ill, ailing; diseased; unwell, ‫ مَروقي‬murūqī (tun.) nickname of
indisposed; sick person, patient │ ‫مَريض‬ professional Koran reciters in Tunis; (tun.)
‫( نفسي‬nafsī) psychopath pallbearer
‫ مَمراض‬mimrāḍ sickly, in poor health, ‫ مَارق‬māriq pl. ‫ مَراق‬murrāq, ‫مَرقة‬
ailing maraqa straying; apostate, renegade,
‫ تمريض‬tamrīḍ sick-nursing defector, turncoat, deserter; heretic
‫ مَمرض‬mumarriḍ (male) sick nurse, ‫ مَمارق‬mumāriq insolent, impudent
hospital attendant; ambulance man, first- ‫ مَركز‬II tamarkaza to concentrate (‫ في‬on, at,
aid man; doctor’s assistant in); to settle, establish o.s. gain a footing,
‫ مَمرضة‬mumarriḍa sick nurse, nurse (f.) take root; to consolidate one’s position; to
gravitate (to)
‫ مَتمرض‬mutamarriḍ sickly, in poor
health, ailing ‫ مَركزية‬,‫ مَركز‬etc., see ‫ركز‬
‫ مَرط‬marṭa u (marṭ) to tear out, pull out, pluck ‫ مَركيز‬look up alphabetically
out (‫ هـ‬hair) II do. V to fall out (hair) ‫ تمركز‬tamarkuz concentration;
‫ مَريط‬marīṭ and ‫ امَرط‬amraṭ, f. ‫مَرطاء‬ consolidation (of a position)
marṭā’, pl. ‫ مَرط‬murṭ hairless ‫ مَراكش‬marrākuš2, marrākiš2 Marrakech (city in
‫ مَرع‬mara‘a a (mar‘) to rub over, anoint (‫هـ‬ W Morocco); Morocco
s.th.) ‫ مَراكشي‬marrākišī, marrākišī Moroccan
‫ مَرع‬mar‘ pl. ‫ امَرع‬amru’, ‫ امَراع‬amrā‘ (adj. and n.)
pasture ‫ مَركيز‬markīz marquis
‫ مَرعة‬mur‘a grease, oil ‫( مَرمَتون‬Fr. marmiton) marmatōn and ‫مَرمَطون‬
‫ مَريع‬marī‘ fertile, productive (soil) pl. -āt kitchen boy, scullery boy
1
‫ مَرمَر‬marmara to be or become bitter; to ‫ مَمرن‬mumarran practiced, seasoned,
become angry II tamarmara to murmur, experienced, trained, skilled (‫ على‬in);
mumble; to grumble 904 accustomed, used (‫ على‬to)
2
‫ مَرمَر‬marmar marble ‫ مَتمرن‬mutamarrin practiced, seasoned,
experienced, trained, skilled (‫ على‬in);
‫ مَرمَري‬marmarī marble (adj.)
accustomed, used (‫ على‬to); probationer,
‫ مَرمَط‬marmaṭa (eg.) to spoil, damage (‫ هـ‬s.th.) undergoing probation, probationary
‫ مَرمَطون‬see ‫مَرمَتون‬ 2
‫ مَاروني‬pl. ‫ مَوارنة‬look up alphabetically
‫ مَرمَيس‬mirmīs rhinoceros 1
‫ مَرو‬marw Merv (present-day Mary, town in
1
‫ مَرن‬marana u (‫ مَرانة‬marāna, ‫ مَرون‬murūn, ‫مَرو‬ Turkmen S.S.R.)
‫ نة‬murūna) to be pliant, flexible, ductile, ‫ مَروي‬marwī, marawī native of Merv
elastic; -- (‫ مَرون‬murūn, ‫ مَرانة‬marāna) to 2
‫ مَرو‬marw (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pebble; flint
be or become accustomed, get used (‫على‬
2
to) II to train, drill (‫ ه‬s.o.); to accustom, ‫ مَروة‬see ‫مَروءة‬
condition, season, inure (‫ على ه‬s.o. to), 2
‫ مَرى‬III to wrangle, argue, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o.;
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) get used (‫ على‬to); V to to resist, oppose (‫ ه‬s.o.); to contest (‫في‬
become accustomed, get used (‫ على‬to); to s.th.) VIII to doubt (‫ في‬s.th.)
exercise, practice (‫ على‬s.th.), train (‫ على‬in),
be practiced, trained, experienced (‫ على‬in); ‫ مَرية‬murya, mirya doubt, quarrel,
to be drilled, drill wrangle, argument, dispute
‫ مَرن‬marin pliant, pliable, flexible, ‫ مَراء‬mirā’ quarrel, wrangle, argument,
bending; elastic; plastic; supple, limber, dispute; doubt │ ‫( بل مَراء‬bi-lā) or ‫لَ مَراء‬
lithe; ductile, extensible; yielding, (mirā’a) incontestable, indisputable,
compliant unquestionable, undisputed, uncontested;
‫ لَ مَراء في ان‬it is an incontrovertible fact
‫ مَرانة‬marāna and ‫ مَرونة‬murūna pliancy, that ..., unquestionably …
pliability, flexibility; elasticity; ductility;
2
plasticity; agility, nimbleness; resilience ‫ مَرايا‬pl. ‫ مَرآة‬see ‫رأى‬
‫ تمرين‬tamrīn pl. -āt, ‫ تمارين‬tamārīn2 ‫ مَريم‬maryam2 Mary, Maria
exercise, practice, training; military ‫ مَريمية‬maryamīya sage (bot.)
training, drill; practical experience;
expertness, skill; preparatory training, ‫مَز‬mazza u (mau) to suck
(period of) probation, apprenticeship, ‫ مَز‬muzz sourish, acidulous
traineeship │ ‫( تمرين ابتدائي‬ibtidā’ī) basic
training; ‫ تمارين جندية‬jundīya) or ‫تمرينات‬ ‫ مَزة‬mazza pl. -āt and ‫ مَازة‬māzza (eg.)
‫‘( عسكرية‬askarīya) military exercises, relishes, appetizers (taken with drink)
maneuvers; O ‫ تمرين الزيادة‬coaching, ‫ مَزج‬mazaja u (mazj, ‫ مَزاج‬mizāj) to mix,
tutoring; extra drill (mil.); ‫تمرينات رياضية‬ mingle, blend (‫ بين‬different things, 905 ‫ب ه‬
(riyāḍīya) gymnastic exercises; ‫تحت التمرين‬ s.th. with) III to form a mixture or
undergoing preparatory training, engaged compound, be mixed, be blended, mix,
on probation (official, employee) mingle, blend, combine (‫ هـ‬with s.th.); to
‫ مَران‬mirān expertness, skill; exercise, adapt o.s. (‫ ه‬to s.o.), humor (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to
practice, drill, training; habituation, habit; intermix:, intermingle, interblend, be
accustomedness; practical experience; intermixed, be intermingled VIII to be
routine mixed, be mingled, be blended, mix,
mingle, blend (‫ ب‬with)
‫ تمرن‬tamarrun exercise, practice,
training ‫ مَزج‬mazj mixing, blending

‫ مَمرن‬mumarrin trainer, coach; ‫ مَزاج‬mizāj pl. ‫ امَزجة‬amzija mixture,


instructor; drill sergeant medley, blend; temperament, temper,
nature, disposition; frame of mind, mood,
humor, vein; physical constitution; ‫ مَزية‬mazīya pl. ‫ مَزايا‬mazāya and ‫ مَازية‬māziya
condition, (state of) health │ ‫مَزاج دمَوي‬ pl. -āt advantage; privilege, prerogative;
(damawī) sanguine temperament; ‫مَزاج‬ excellence, superiority; merit, virtue
‫( سودوي‬saudawī) melancholic ‫ مَس‬massa a (mass, ‫ مَسيس‬masīs) to feel, finger,
temperament; ‫( مَزاج صفراوي‬ṣafrāwī) handle, palpate (‫ ه‬s.o., III s.th.); to touch (‫ه‬
choleric (or bilious) temperament; ‫مَزاج‬ s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to violate (‫ هـ‬s.th. sacred),
‫( بلغمي‬balgamī) phlegmatic temperament; infringe (‫ هـ‬upon); to cohabit (‫ هـ‬with a
‫‘( المزاج العام‬āmm) popular taste; ‫مَزاج لطيف‬ woman); to hit, befall (‫ ه‬s.o.; damage,
delicate nature, weakly constitution; ‫مَحرور‬ calamity) │ ‫( مَسه بأذى‬bi-adan) or ‫مَسه بسوء‬
‫ المزاج‬hot-tempered; ‫ مَنحرف المزاج‬munḥarif (bi-sū’in) to harm, wrong, hurt s.o.; ‫مَس‬
al-m. unwell, indisposed, out of sorts; ‫هذا‬ ‫ بسوء الشيء‬to be injurious, damaging to
‫( لَ يوافق مَزاجي‬yuwājiqu) this is not to my s.th., hurt, impair, prejudice s.th.; ‫مَست‬
taste ‫( الحاجة الى‬ḥājatu) circumstances require ...,
‫ مَزيج‬mazīj compounded, blended (‫مَن‬ (it) is necessary, urgently needed; ‫مَس لغما‬
of); mixture, medley, blend (‫ مَن‬of); (lugman) to hit a mine III to touch (‫ ه‬s.o.);
combination, compound, alloy to be in touch, be in contact (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
VI to touch each other, be in mutual
‫ تمازج‬tamāzuj intermixing,
contact
intermingling, interblending. intermixture
‫ مَس‬mass touching, touch; contact;
‫ امَتزاج‬imlizāj mixture, blend
misfortune, calamity; attack, fit (of a
‫ مَزح‬mazaḥa a (mazḥ) to joke, jest, disease) j insanity, madness, frenzy,
make fun III to joke, make fun (‫ ه‬witb s.o.) possession │ ‫ مَس الحمى‬m. al-ḥummā attack
‫ مَزح‬mazḥ, ‫ مَزاح‬muzāḥ, mizāḥ and ‫مَزاحة‬ of 906 fever; ‫( اصابه مَس مَن الجنون‬aṣābahū)
muzāḥa joking, joke, jest, fun he has gone crazy

‫ مَزاح‬mazzāḥ and ‫ مَازح‬māziḥ joker, ‫ مَسة‬massa (n. vic.) touch


jester, buffoon, wag ‫ مَساس‬masās touching, feeling,
‫ مَزر‬mizr a kind of beer handling, fingering, palpation; violation (
‫ عن‬of), infringement, encroachments (‫ب‬
‫ مَزع‬maza‘a a (maz‘) to run, bound, tear along, e.g., upon a right); connection, relation,
gallop along; to tear apart (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tear, contact │ ‫ له مَساس ب‬it is connected
rip (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. off) II to pick, pluck (‫ ه‬wool with ..., it touches upon ..., it concerns; ‫فيما‬
or cotton); to tear to pieces (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ له مَساس ب‬concerning ..., regarding ...
‫ مَزعة‬muz‘a, miz‘a pl. ‫ مَزع‬muza‘, miza‘ ‫ مَسيس‬masīs touching, touch │ ‫عند مَسيس‬
piece, bit, bite; flock of wool should the necessity arise, if (or when)
‫ مَزق‬mazaqa i (mazq) to tear, rend, rip apart (‫هـ‬ necessary; ‫ هو في مَسيس الحاجة الى‬he is in
s.th.) II to tear, rend, rip apart (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to urgent need of ...
tear up, tear to pieces, shred (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to ‫ مَماسة‬mumāssa touching, tangency;
get torn, be rent; to be in shreds, get torn adjacency, contiguity; contact
to pieces; to burst open, tear, break, snap
‫ تماس‬tamāss (mutual) contact
‫ مَزق‬mazq tearing, tearing up, rending;
tear, rent, rupture ‫ مَاس‬māss tangent; touching, (‫ ب‬s.th.,
also fig., upon s.th.); adjacent, adjoining,
‫ مَزقة‬mizqa pl. ‫ مَزق‬mizaq piece torn off, contiguous; urgent, pressing, important │
shred ‫ حاجة مَاسة‬urgent need, exigency; ‫الحاجة مَاسة‬
‫ تمزيق‬tamzīq tearing, rending, ‫ اليه‬it is urgently needed; ‫مَاس كهربائي‬
shredding, fragmentation (kahrabā’) short circuit
‫ مَزمَز‬mazmaza to sip ‫ مَمسوس‬mamsūs touched; palpable,
tangible; mentally deranged, insane
‫ مَزن‬muzn (coll.; n. un. ‫ة‬, pl. ‫ مَزن‬muzan) rain
clouds ‫ مَماس‬mumāss tangent (math.)
‫( مَسترده‬It. mostarda) mustarda mustard
‫ مَستكه‬mistika = ‫مَصطكاء‬ ‫ مَسيحي‬masīḥī Christian, Messianic; (pl.
-āt) a Christian │ ‫( الدين المسيحي‬dīn) the
‫( مَستلة‬It. mastello) mastilla pl. -āt tub
Christian faith, Christianity
2
‫ مَسح‬masaḥa a (masḥ) to stroke with the hand
‫ المسيحية‬al-masīḥīya Christendom;
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to wipe off, wipe away (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
Christianity, the Christian faith
to rub off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to wash, wash off (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to wipe out, blot out, erase (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫ مَمسح‬mimsāḥ and ‫ مَمسحة‬mimsaḥa pl. ‫مَما‬
to clean, polish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to smooth, ‫ سح‬mamāsīḥ2 dust cloth, dish rag, floor
smooth with a plane, to plane (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to rag; doormat; scraper 907
rub (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to anoint (‫ ب ه‬s.o. ‫ مَاسح‬masḥ bootblack, shoeblack,
with); to deprive, dispossess (‫ مَن ه‬s.o. of), shoeshine
take away, withdraw (‫ مَن ه‬from s.o. s.th.);
-- (masḥ, ‫ مَساحة‬misāḥa) to survey (‫ هـ‬land, ‫ مَمسوح‬mamsūḥ wiped, wiped off, wiped
estate, etc.), make a cadastral survey (‫هـ‬ clean; cleaned; smoothed, planed;
of) 0 to wipe off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to rub, anoint (‫ه‬ polished; smooth; anointed; abraded, worn
s.o.); to cajole, coax, wheedle, persuade (‫ه‬ (coin) │ ‫( مَمسوح مَن المعنى‬ma‘nā) senseless,
s.o.); to Christianize (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to cajole, meaningless, inane
coax, wheedle, persuade (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to wipe 3
‫ تمساح‬timsāḥ pl. ‫ تماسيح‬tamāsīḥ crocodile
o.s., wash o.s.; to provoke (‫ ب‬s.o.), pick a (zool.)
quarrel (‫ ب‬with)
‫ مَسخ‬masaka a (mask) to transform (‫مَن – الى ه‬
‫ مَسح‬masḥ wiping, wiping off; cleaning; s.o. from -- into), transmute, convert (‫هـ‬
robbing, embrocation; anointing, s.th.); to falsify, distort (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to mar,
anointment, (extreme) unction; land spoil (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
survey
‫ مَسخ‬mask transformation,
‫ مَسح‬misḥ pl. ‫ مَسوح‬musūḥ coarse woolen metamorphosis; transmutation,
fabric, haircloth, sacking; pl. hair shirt, conversion; falsification, distortion,
monastic garb, monk’s frock │ ‫لبست المسوح‬ misrepresentation; metempsychosis
labisat il-musūḥa to take the veil, become
a nun ‫ مَسخ‬mask, misk pl. ‫ مَسوخ‬musūk
transformed into an animal; misshapen,
‫ مَسحة‬masḥa (n. vic.) a rubbing, deformed, disfigured; ugly, misshapen
embrocation; anointing, anointment; midget; freak, monstrosity; monster
unction; tinge, shade, air, appearance,
veneer (fig.); trace. touch (of s.th.) │ ‫مَسحة‬ ‫ مَسخة‬maska (eg.) buffoon, harlequin,
‫ الرض‬extreme unction; ‫مَسح المريض بالمسحة‬ clown
to administer extreme unction to a sick ‫ مَسيخ‬transformed; disfigured, defaced,
person deformed, ugly; tasteless, insipid, stale
‫ مَساح‬massāḥ land surveyor; bootblack, ‫ مَمسوخ‬mamsūk transformed; marred,
shoeblack, shoeshine spoiled; disfigured, defaced, deformed,
‫ مَساحة‬misāḥa pl. -āt plane, surface; ugly
area; acreage; floor space; surface extent; ‫ مَسخر‬maskara to ridicule, mock, deride
terrain sector (mil.); surveying, survey; (‫ ه‬s.o.) II tamaskara to make fun (‫ على‬of),
geodesy; cadastre │ ‫ مَساحة الراضي‬m. al- laugh (‫ على‬at)
arāḍī land surface; area, acreage; ‫مَساحة‬
‫( مَائية‬mā’īya) area of water; ‫مَصلحة المساحة‬ ‫ مَسد‬II to massage (‫ اعضاءه‬a‘ḍā’ahū s.o.’s
maṣlaḥa al-m. survey department, land limbs)
registry office ‫ مَسد‬masad (coll.) pl. ‫ مَساد‬misād, ‫امَساد‬
‫ مَسيح‬masīḥ pl. ‫ مَسحاء‬musaḥā’2, ‫مَسحى‬ amsād palm fibers, raffia
anointed; wiped, clean, smooth; ‫ المسيح‬the ‫ تمسيد‬tamsīd massage
Messiah, Christ 1
‫ مَاسورة‬look up alphabetically
2
‫مَسرى‬masrā the 12th month of the Coptic al-ḥisābāt keeping of accounts,
calendar accountancy
‫( مَسطرة‬It. mostra) masṭara pl. ‫ مَساطر‬masāṭir2 ‫ مَسك‬maska pl. masakāt grip, hold
sample, specimen; see also ‫سطر‬ ‫ مَسك‬misk (m. and f.) musk │ ‫مَسك الجن‬
‫ مَسقط‬masqaṭ Masqat (seaport and capital of m. al-jinn a variety of goosefoot
Oman) (Chenopodium Botrys; bot.); ‫ مَسك الختام‬m.
12 al-kitām lit.: the concluding musk (i.e.,
‫ مَسك‬masaka u i (mask) to grab, grasp, clutch,
with which, originally, a letter was finally
clasp, seize (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.), take hold ‫ ب‬or
perfumed), the best following in the end,
‫ هـ‬of); to hold, hold fast (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
the crowning touch
stick, cling, cleave, adhere, hang on (‫ ب‬to)
│ ‫( مَسك الحسابات‬ḥisābāt) to keep the books, ‫ مَسكة‬miska a little, a touch, a glimpse, a
keep the accounts; ‫( مَسك‬daffata l-u.) to be whiff (‫ مَن‬of)
at the helm, be in charge; ‫مَسك لسانه‬ ‫ مَسك‬musuk and ‫ مَسكة‬musaka grasping,
(lisānanahū) to keep one’s tongue in greedy, avaricious
check II to scent with musk (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
have (‫ ه‬s.o.) seize or hold IV to seize, grip, ‫ مَسكة‬muska pl. ‫ مَسك‬musak handle; hold;
grasp, clasp, clutch, hold (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to grip; handhold, support │ ‫ مَسكة المَل‬m. al-
hold fast, grab (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫مَن ه‬ amal that to which hope clings
s.o. by his hair, and the like); to hold back, ‫ مَسكة‬muska, musuka and ‫ مَساكة‬masāka,
keep, detain, restrain (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫عن‬ misaka avarice
from); to withhold, not to expend (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to refrain, abstain, keep, desist (‫ عن‬from), ‫ مَسكان‬muskān earnest money, pledge
forbear, cease, stop (‫ عن‬doing s.th.), keep ‫ مَساك‬misāk dam, weir; hem, border
away, remain aloof (‫ عن‬from); to keep,
retain (‫ على نفسه هـ‬s.th. for o.s.) │ ‫امَسك عليك‬ ‫ مَسيك‬masīk tenacious; avaricious,
(amsik) keep ...! ‫ امَسك نفسه واقفا‬waqifan) to miserly; watertight, waterproof
hold o.s. upright; ‫( امَسك بيده‬bi-yadihī) to ‫ امَساك‬imsāk seizure; restraint, detention,
take s.o. by the hand; ‫( امَسك يده‬yadahū) to check; stop, cessation; abstinence;
take s.o.’s hand; ‫ امَسكت عن الصدور‬to stop avarice; constipation (med.); time of the
publication, fold up (newspaper); ‫امَسك‬ day which marks the beginning of the
‫( لسانه‬lisānahū) to keep one’s tongue in Ramadan fast
check; ‫( امَسك البطن‬baṭna) to constipate
‫ امَساكية‬imsākīya calendar of fasting
(med.) V to hold on, hold fast (‫ ب‬to),
during the month of Ramadan
clutch (‫ ب‬s.th.); to stick, cling, cleave (‫ب‬
to); to hang on (‫ ب‬to), persist (‫ ب‬in); to ‫ تمسك‬tamassuk adherence; devotedness,
keep, adhere (‫ ب‬to s.th.); to rise (prices), devotion, attachment; written
harden, firm up (quotations) │ ‫تمسك باهدافه‬ commitment, IOU; firming-up, or
(bi-ahdābihī) to be most devoted to s.o., consolidation, of the market, hardening of
be at s.o.’s beck and call, be under s.o.’s quotations │ ‫ قانون التمسك‬legal moratorium,
thumb; ‫تمسك بأهداب الشيء‬to adhere, cling to moratory law (jur.)
s.th.; ‫( تمسك برأيه‬bi-ra’yihī) to stick to one’s ‫ تماسك‬tamāsuk holding together,
opinion VI to hold together, be firmly cohesiveness; coherence; cohesion
connected, be interlocked; to compose (phys.); firmness, solidity; tenacity
o.s., pull o.s. together; to remain
undaunted, remain calm, be 908 ‫ استمساك‬istimsāk adherence, loyalty (‫ب‬
composed; to stay on one’s feet; to be in to)
full possession of one’s strength; to ‫ مَمسك‬mumassak musky, musk-scented,
refrain, abstain, keep (‫ عن‬from) X to keep, perfumed
stick, cling, adhere (‫ ب‬to); to grab, seize (
‫ ب‬s.th.); to refrain, abstain, keep (‫ عن‬from) ‫ مَمسك‬mumsik holding, clutching,
grabbing; checking, restraining.
‫ مَسك‬mask seizure, grip, hold; detention
│ ‫ مَسك الدفاتر‬bookkeeping; ‫ مَسك الحسابات‬m.
withholding; economical, thrifty; ‫ مَشوش‬mašūš napkin
grasping, greedy, avaricious ‫ مَشيج‬māšīj gamete, germ cell
‫ مَتمسك‬mutamassik holding fast, hanging ‫ مَشح‬mašaḥa a (mašḥ) to administer extreme
on, clinging, adhering; tenacious; firm, unction (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
solid
‫ مَشحة‬mašḥa extreme unction
‫ مَتماسك‬mutamāsik holding together,
coherent, cohesive, hanging together, ‫ مَشط‬mašaṭa u i (mašṭ) to comb II do. V and
firmly connected, interlocked; continuous, VIII to comb one’s hair
uninterrupted; firm, solid; tenacious ‫ مَشط‬mušṭ pl. amšāṭ, ‫ مَشاط‬mišāṭ comb;
‫ مَستمسك‬mustamsik composed, calm rake; bridge (of stringed instruments); O
(mind) (mil.) cartridge clip │ ‫ مَشط الرجل‬m. ar-ril
2 metatarsus, instep (anat.); ‫ مَشط اليد‬m. al-
‫ مَسكاتي‬muskātī muscatel (wine) yad metacarpus (anat.)
‫ مَسكن‬II tamaskana to become poor, be reduced ‫ مَشطي‬mušṭī toothed, indented, jagged,
to poverty; to pretend to be poor; to feign dentate; comblike, pectinate
poverty or humility; to be submissive,
servile, slavish, fawning ‫ تمشيط‬tamšīṭ combing, carding (of
wool)
‫ مَسكنة‬maskana poverty, misery;
humbleness, humility, submissiveness ‫ مَاشط‬māšiṭ barber, hairdresser
‫ مَسكين‬miskīn pl. -ūn, ‫ مَساكين‬masākīn2 ‫ مَاشطة‬māšiṭa lady’s maid; (woman)
poor, miserable; beggar; humble, hairdresser
submissive, servile ‫ مَمشط‬mumallal combed, carded (wool)
‫ مَسو‬II to wish (‫ ه‬s.o.) a good evening │ ‫مَساك ا‬ ‫ مَشق‬mašaqa u (mašq) to draw out, stretch,
‫ بالخير‬massāka llāhu bi-l-kair good extend (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to comb (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tear,
evening! III see ‫ صبح‬III; IV to enter into tear up, shred (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to whip, lash (‫هـ‬
evening; to be or become in the evening; s.o.) V to be or get tom or shredded VIII
to be, become │ ‫يفعله اذا اصبح ويفعله اذا امَسى‬ to snatch away, whip away (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th.
(aṣbaḥa) he does so in the morning and in from s.o.); to draw, unsheathe (‫ هـ‬the
the evening 909 sword)
‫ مَساء‬masā’ pl. ‫ امَساء‬amsā’, ‫امَسيات‬ ‫ مَشق‬mašq pl. ‫ امَشاق‬amšāq model,
amsīyāt evening; masā’an in the evening pattern (esp., one to be copied in writing)
│ ‫ مَساء امَس‬masā’a amsi yesterday
evening, last night; ‫ مَساء الخير‬m. al-kair or ‫ مَشق‬mišq slender, slim, svelte
‫ مَساؤكم بالخير‬good evening! ‫صباح مَساء‬ ‫ مَشقة‬mišqa pl. ‫ مَشق‬mišaq flock of wool
ṣabāḥa masa’a mornings and evenings, in or cotton; rag, clout, shred; scrap of
the morning and in the evening carding wool; scrap of hemp, oakum
‫ مَسائي‬masā’ī evening (adj.) │ ‫الخبار‬ ‫ مَشيق‬mašīq slender, slim, svelte
‫ المسائية‬the evening news
‫ مَشاق‬mušāq scrap of flax or hemp;
‫ امَسية‬umsīya pl. ‫ امَاسي‬amāsīy evening oakum, tow
‫ مَسورة = مَاسورة‬look up alphabetically ‫ مَشاقة‬mušāqa scrap of flax or hemp;
‫ مَسي‬masā i (masy) to make lean, cause to lose oakum, tow │ ‫ مَشاقة حرير‬floss
flesh, emaciate (‫ هـ‬livestock; of the heat) ‫ امَتشاق‬imtišāq slenderness
‫( مَسيو‬Fr. Monsieur) misyū Mr.; sir ‫ مَمشوق‬mamšūq slender, slim, svelte │
‫ مَش‬mašša u (mašš) to suck the marrow (‫هـ‬ ‫( مَمشوق كالحسام‬ka-1-ḥusām) slender as a
from a bone); to macerate, soak in water ( wand
‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ مَاشك‬look up alphabetically
‫ مَش‬mišš whey ‫ مَشلوز‬mišlauz sweet-kerneled apricot
‫ مَشمش‬mišmiš (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬apricot; apricot ‫ تمشيا مَع‬tamaššiyan ma‘a (or ‫ )على‬in
tree │ ‫( مَشمش كلبي‬kilābī) bitter-kerneled conformity with, in accordance with,
apricot; (‫( مَشمش لوزي )حموي‬lauzī, ḥamawi) according to
sweet-kerneled apricot ‫ مَاش‬māšin pl. ‫ مَشاة‬mušāh going,
‫ مَشملا‬mušmullā, mišmilla medlar (bot.) walking; pedestrian; foot soldier,
infantryman; ‫ المشاة‬the infantry; ‫مَاشيا‬
‫ مَشملة‬mušmula, mišmila medlar (bot.)
māšiyan on foot
‫ المشهد‬al-mašhad Meshed (city in NE Iran)
‫ مَاشية‬māšiya pl. ‫ مَواش‬mawāšin
(‫ مَشو‬and ‫ مَشى )مَشي‬mašā i (mašy) to go livestock, cattle
on foot, walk; to go; to pace, stride; to
‫ مَص‬maṣṣa (1st pers. perf. masistu) a and (1st
move along, proceed; to march │ ‫مَشى‬
pers. perf. maṣaṣtu) u (maṣṣ) to suck, suck
‫ بالنميمة‬to scatter slanderous rumors II to let
up, soak up, suck in, absorb (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
or make (‫ ه‬s.o.) go or walk; to adapt,
sip, lap, lap up, lick up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to suck
adjust, fit, accommodate (‫ مَع هـ‬s.th. to) III
out (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to sip gradually, drink in
to keep pace, keep in step (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
small sips (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII to suck, suck up,
go along, keep up, keep abreast (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with
suck in (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to sip, lap, lap up, lick up
s.o., with s.th.), keep to s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬910 side;
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to soak up, absorb, swallow up (
to be likeminded (‫ في ه‬with s.o. in s.th.), be
‫ هـ‬s.th.)
guided by the same consideration or
principles (‫ في ه‬as s.o. in s.th.), act in ‫ مَص‬maṣṣ sucking, suction, suck,
unison (‫ في ه‬with s.o. in s.th.) IV = II; to sucking up, soaking up, soak, soakage,
have an aperient effect (‫ ه‬on s.o.; med.) V absorption │‫ قصب المص‬qaṣab al-m. sugar
to go on foot, walk; to take a walk, to cane
stroll, promenade; to walk slowly, saunter; ‫ مَصة‬maṣṣa (n. vic.) sucking, suck,
to pass, move along, stride along; to keep suction; sip
step, keep up, keep abreast, go along,
agree, harmonize, be compatible, be ‫ مَصاص‬maṣāṣ one who sucks, sucker;
-consistent, be in accordance, be in cupper; bloodsucker, extortioner, usurer
keeping (‫ مَع‬with), fit, suit (‫ مَع‬s.th.), be ‫ مَصاصة‬muṣāṣa that which one sucks,
appropriate, correspond, come up (‫ مَع‬to s.th. to suck │ ‫ مَصاصة القصب‬m. al-qaṣab
s.th.); to proceed (‫ على‬in accordance with a sugar-cane refuse
principle or method); to follow, observe (
‫ على‬a principle) │ ‫ تمشى في اوصاله‬approx.: ‫ مَصاصة‬maṣṣāṣa screech owl; vampire
to perfuse s.o.’s limbs (of a sensation); ‫ مَصيص‬maṣīṣ moist, damp (ground)
‫( تمشى جيئة وذهابا‬jī’atan wa-dahāban) to
walk back and forth, pace up and down ‫ مَصيص‬miṣīṣ string, twine, packthread

‫ مَشو‬mašw a laxative, aperient ‫ مَمص‬mimaṣṣ suction pipe, sucker; O


siphon
‫ مَشى‬mašy going, walking; walk
‫ امَتصاص‬imtiṣāṣ sucking, suck, suction;
‫ مَشية‬mišya manner of walking, gait, sucking up, soaking up, soak, soakage,
pace, step, bearing, carriage absorption │ ‫ قوة الَمَتصاص‬qūwat al-imt.
‫ مَشاء‬mašā’ pl. -ūn good walker; walker suction
(athlet.) ‫ مَمصوص‬mamṣūṣ soaked up; drained,
‫ مَشاية‬mašāya pl. -āt long, narrow exhausted; emaciated, very lean, skinny
carpet, runner; O baby walker, gocart; ‫ مَمتص‬mumtaṣ soaking up, absorbing;
hallway, corridor; footpath, path(way) absorbent, absorptive
‫ مَمشى‬mamšā pl. ‫ مَماش‬mamāšin hallway, ‫ مَصر‬II to found, build, settle, civilize, colonize
corridor, passageway, passage; aisle; (‫ هـ‬a place); to Egyptianize, make
footpath, path(way), alley; promenade; Egyptian (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to become a
crossing, overpass, bridge; bridge of a populated, civilized area, become a big
ship; runner, small rug
city, a metropolis; to Egyptianize, adopt ‫ مَضض‬maḍaḍ pain, suffering, torment,
Egyptian ways; to become an Egyptian torture, anguish, agony, affliction, distress;
sour milk │ ‫ على مَضض‬unwillingly,
‫ مَصر‬miṣr pl. ‫ امَصار‬amṣār big city;
reluctantly, grudgingly
metropolis, capital; -- miṣr2, (colloq.) 911
maṣr Egypt; Cairo │ ‫ مَصر القاهرة‬Cairo; ‫ مَضاض‬muḍāḍ brackish water, brine,
‫ مَصر الجديدة‬Heliopolis (section of modern salt water
Cairo) ‫ مَضاضة‬maḍāḍa agony, torture
‫ مَصري‬miṣrī Egyptian; Cairene; (pl. ‫ مَمض‬mumiḍḍ agonizing, tormenting
-ūn) an Egyptian; a Cairene, a native of
Cairo ‫ مَضر‬maḍara, maḍura u and maḍira a (maḍr,
maḍar, ‫ مَضور‬muḍūr) to turn sour (milk)
‫ مَصرية‬miṣrīya Egyptianism, Egyptian
national character; (pl. -āt) Egyptian ‫ مَضر‬maḍir and ‫ مَاضر‬māḍir sour (milk)
woman or girl ‫ لغة مَضر‬lugat muḍara the language of
‫ مَصير‬pl. ‫ امَصرة‬amṣira, ‫ مَصران‬muṣrān, Mudar, the Arabic language
‫ مَصارين‬maṣārīn2 gut; pl. bowels, ‫ مَضغ‬maḍaga a u (maḍg) to chew (‫هـ‬
intestines, guts, tripe; see also under ‫صير‬ s.th.) │ ‫( مَضغ الكلم‬kalām) to slur, speak
‫ تمصير‬tamṣīr settling, settlement, indistinctly
colonization, civilization; Egyptianization ‫ مَضغ‬maḍg chewing, mastication
‫ مَتمصر‬mutamaṣṣir Egyptianized, ‫ مَضغة‬muḍga pl. ‫ مَضغ‬muḍag s.th. to be
naturalized in Egypt chewed; bite, bit, morsel; small chunk of
‫ مَصطكاء‬maṣṭakā’, muṣṭakā’ and ‫مَصطكى‬ meat; O embryo; O chewing gum │ ‫مَضغة‬
maṣṭakā mastic, resin of the mastic tree ‫( طيبة‬ṭayyiba) titbit; ‫جعله مَضغة في الفواه‬
(Pistacia lenticus); liquor distilled from (ja‘alahū muḍgatan) to make s.o. the talk
mastic │ ‫ شجرة المصطكاء‬šajarat al-m. of the town, send tongues wagging about
mastic tree (Pistacia lenticus; bot.) s.o.
‫ مَصل‬maṣala u to curdle (milk); to strain, filter ‫ مَضاغة‬muḍāga s.th. chewed, chew, quid
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ مَضمض‬maḍmaḍa to rinse
‫ مَصل‬maṣl whey; (pl. ‫ مَصول‬muṣūl) ‫ مَضى‬maḍā i (muḍīy) to go away, leave, depart;
serum (med.) │ ‫‘ علم المصول‬ilm al-m. to make off, decamp, abscond; with ‫ ;ب‬to
serology take s.th. away, remove s.th.; to pass,
‫ مَصلي‬maṣlī serous (med.) elapse, go by, expire, run out (time); to
advance, progress (‫ في‬in); to proceed (‫في‬
‫ مَصمص‬maṣmaṣa to suck(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to suck up, in or with s.th., also ‫)ب‬, continue (‫في‬, also
soak up, absorb (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to sip and turn ‫ب‬, s.th., to do s.th.), go on (‫ في‬doing s.th.);
around in the mouth (‫ هـ‬a liquid) II to pursue, practice, exercise (‫ في‬s.th., also
tamaṣmaṣa to sip and turn around in the ‫ في مَهنة‬fī mihnatin a profession); to
mouth (‫ هـ‬a liquid) penetrate deeper, enter deeper, go deeper (
‫ مَض‬maḍḍa u (maḍḍ, ‫ مَضيض‬maḍīḍ) to ‫ في‬into s.th.); to 912 bring to an end, wind
hurt, pain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to burn, sting (‫ ه‬s.o.); to up, terminate, conclude, accomplish, carry
torment, harass, trouble, molest (‫ ب ه‬s.o. out, execute, perform (‫ على‬s.th.); (with
with); -- (1st pen. perf. maḍiḍtu) a (‫مَضض‬ imperf.) to set out to do s.th., proceed to
maḍaḍ, ‫ مَضيض‬maḍīḍ, ‫ مَضاضة‬maḍāḍa) to do s.th.; -- (‫ مَضاء‬maḍā’) to be sharp, cut
be in pain, feel pain, suffer; to be (sword) │ ‫( مَضى سبيله‬sabīlahū) to pass
distressed, worried, troubled IV to cause away, die; ‫( مَضى لسبيله‬li-sabīlihī) do.; ‫مَضى‬
pain (‫ ه‬to s.o.), hurt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to torment, ‫( على البيع‬bai‘) to conclude a bargain; ‫مَضى‬
torture, agonize (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫( على ذلك شهور‬šuhūrun) months have
passed since then; ‫( مَضى في كلمَه‬kalāmihī)
‫ مَض‬maḍḍ pain, torment, torture,
to go on talking; ‫ مَضى مَا مَضى‬let bygones
anguish, agony; painful, burning, stinging,
be bygones! no more of that! ‫( فيما مَضى‬fī-
smarting
mā) or ‫( فيما مَضى مَن الزمَان‬zamān) formerly, ‫ مَط‬maṭṭa u (maṭṭ) to expand by pulling,
previously, heretofore, once, before, in the stretch, draw out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to draw tight,
past; ‫ لم يمض غير قليل حتى‬lam yamḍi gairu tighten, tauten (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to expand,
qalīlin ḥlattā it did not take long until ..., stretch (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to scold, revile, abuse (‫ه‬
before long ...; ‫ مَن سنة مَضت‬min sanatin s.o.) V to expand; to stretch; to distend,
maḍat one year ago; ‫ ومَضى فقال‬and he widen, spread, lengthen; to be capable of
went on to say, and he added II to make extension or lengthening, be expandable,
pass, cause to go by; to spend, pass (‫هـ‬ stretchable, elastic; to be rubberlike
time, ‫ في‬with s.th.) IV to spend, p (. time); ‫ مَط‬maṭṭ expansion, extension,
to carry out, execute, perform, stretching, distention, lengthening,
accomplish, conclude, terminate, wind up, drawing out
bring to an end (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pass, put
behind o.s. (‫ هـ‬examination); to undersign, ‫ مَطاط‬maṭṭāṭ expandable, extensible,
sign (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( امَضي امَره على‬amrahu) to stretchable, elastic; dilatory; rubbery,
throw one’s full support behind s.th., rubberlike; rubber; caoutchouc
endorse s.th. wholeheartedly ‫ تمطط‬tamaṭṭu expandability,
‫ مَضي‬muḍīy departure, leave; passing; extensibility, elasticity
lapse, elapsing, expiration (of a period of ‫ مَطر‬maṭara u to rain (‫مَطرت السماء‬
time); continuation (‫ في‬of s.th.); deeper maṭarat is-samā’ it rained); to shower with
penetration, deeper insight (‫ في‬into); rain (‫ ه‬s.o.; of the sky); to pour out (‫ب ه‬
carrying out, execution, pursuit (‫ في‬of an over s.o. s.th.), shower, douse (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
intention, of a plan) │ ‫ مَضي‬m. al-mudda with); to do, render (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ بخير‬bi-kairin a
lapse of time, superannuation; ‫التمسك بمضي‬ good turn, a favor); to run swiftly (horse),
‫( المدة‬tamassuk) usucapion, prescription speed away IV to rain (of the sky); to
(jur.); ‫( على مَضي الزمَن‬m. iz-zaman) cause (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to rain (‫ على‬upon); to
lastingly, for long, permanently; ‫المضي في‬ shower (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with 913 or ‫ هـ على‬upon
‫( الحرب‬ḥarb) the continuation of the war s.o. s.th.), heap (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ هـ على‬upon s.o.
‫ مَضاء‬maḍā’ sharpness, keenness; s.th.) │ ‫( امَطر عليه وابل‬wābilan) or ‫امَطره‬
penetration, sagacity, acute discernment; ‫( بوابل مَنه‬bi-wābilin) he showered him with
energy │ ‫ مَضاء المدة‬strength of purpose, a hail of (e.g., stones), with a rain of (e.g.,
resolution, determination, energy, go blows), with a flood of (e.g., abuses,
threats), etc. X to ask for rain; to ask (‫مَن‬
‫ امَضى‬amḍā sharper, more incisive, or ‫ ه‬s.o.) a favor; to wish (‫ هـ‬for s.th.),
more effective desire (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to invoke, call down ( ‫هـ‬
‫ تمضية‬tamḍiya execution, performance, ‫ على‬upon s.o. s.th.)
accomplishment, completion; spending, ‫ مَطر‬maṭar pl. ‫ امَطار‬amṭār rain │ ‫مَحطة‬
passing (of time) │ ‫ تمضية الوقت‬t. al.waqt ‫ لرصد المَطر‬maḥaṭṭa li-raṣd al·a. pluvio-
pastime metrical station
‫ إمَضاء‬imḍā’ realization, execution, ‫ مَطرة‬mṭra, maṭara pl. -āt downpour,
accomplishment, completion; signing, rain shower
signature │ ‫ صاحب المَضاء‬the undersigned
‫ مَطر‬maṭir and ‫ مَطير‬maṭīr rainy,
‫ مَاض‬māḍin pl. ‫ مَواض‬mawāḍin sharp, abounding in rain
keen, cutting; acute, penetrating, incisive,
effective; energetic; past, bygone; ‫الماضي‬ ‫ مَمطر‬mimṭar and ‫ مَمطرة‬mimṭara pl. ‫مَماط‬
the past; past tense, perfect, preterit ‫ ر‬mamāṭir2 raincoat
(gram.) │ ‫ مَاضي العزيمة‬resolute, ‫ مَاطر‬māṭir, rainy, abounding in rain
determined; ‫( الشهر الماضي‬šahr) last month
‫ مَمطر‬mumṭir rainy, abounding in rain │
‫ مَمض‬mumḍin signer, signatory ‫ مَواسم مَمطرة‬rainy seasons, periods of rain
‫ مَمضى‬mumḍan undersigned, signed ‫ مَطرن‬maṭrana to raise to the rank of
metropolitan or archbishop, consecrate as
metropolitan or archbishop (‫ ه‬s.o.) II
tamaṭrana to be instated or consecrated as all that; ‫( مَع كونه غنيا‬kaunihī ganīyan)
metropolitan (Chr.) although he is rich, for all his being rich,
rich as he is; ‫( ليس مَع الحكومَة‬laisa) he is not
‫ مَطران‬muṭrān, maṭrān, miṭrān pl. ‫مَطارنة‬
for the government, he doesn’t side with
maṭārina, ‫ مَطارين‬maṭārīn2 metropolitan,
the government; ‫ مَع الحائط‬along the wall;
archbishop (Chr.)
‫ كان مَعه‬it was with him, he had it with him;
‫ مَطرنة‬maṭrana dignity or office of a ‫ مَا مَعكم‬what do you have with you? what
metropolitan, metropolitanate, have you brought along? what’s 914 up
archiepiscopate (Chr.) your sleeves? ‫( الست مَعي في ان‬alasta) don’t
‫ مَطرنية‬maṭranīya, ‫ مَطرانية‬muṭrānīya pl. you also think that ...? wouldn’t you share
-āt diocese of a metropolitan, my view that ‫استعمل وسائل القسوة مَعه‬
archbishopric, archdiocese (Chr.) ista‘mala wasā’il l-qaswati ma‘ahū he
brought harsh measures to bear on him
‫ مَطق‬V to smack one’s lips
‫ مَعية‬ma‘īya company; escort; suite,
‫ مَطل‬maṭala u (maṭl) to draw out, lengthen, retinue, entourage, attendants │ ‫بمعية )في‬
extend, stretch (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stretch (‫ هـ‬a ‫ مَعية( فلن‬in the company of so-and-so; ‫بمعي‬
rope); to hammer, forge, shape by ‫ ة هذا‬herein enclosed, herewith
hammering (‫ هـ‬iron); to postpone, defer,
delay; to put off (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with) III to tarry, ‫ مَعج‬V to wind, meander
temporize, take one’s time; to put off (‫ب ه‬ ‫ مَع‬pass. mu‘ida to have a gastric ailment,
s.o. with) suffer from dyspepsia, have a
‫ مَطول‬maṭūl deferring, delaying, stomachache
procrastinating, tardy, dilatory, slow ‫ مَعدة‬ma‘ida, mi‘da pl. ‫ مَعد‬mi’ad
2
‫ مَطيلة‬maṭīla pl. ‫ مَطائل‬maṭā’il wrought stomach
iron ‫ مَعدى‬ma‘dī, mi‘dī of or pertaining to the
‫ مَماطلة‬mumāṭala postponement, stomach, gastric, stomachic │ ‫امَراض مَعدية‬
deferment, procrastination, delay gastric diseases; ‫( حمى مَعدية‬ḥummā) gastric
fever
(‫ مَطا )مَطو‬maṭā u (maṭw) to quicken one’s pace,
hurry, walk fast IV to mount (‫ هـ‬an ‫ مَمعود‬mam‘ūd suffering from a gastric
animal); to ride (‫ هـ‬on an animal) V to disease, dyspeptic
stretch o.s., loll; to stretch (‫ ب‬s.th., one’s ‫ مَعر‬ma‘ira a (ma‘ar) to fall out (hair) IV to
body, one’s limbs); to walk, proudly, strut, become poor, impoverished, be reduced to
swagger VIII to mount (‫ هـ‬an animal); to poverty V = I
board (‫ هـ‬a vehicle), get in (‫)هـ‬, get aboard
‫ مَعار‬ma‘ār (eg.) braggart, braggadocio,
(‫ ;)هـ‬to ride (‫ هـ‬on an animal, in a vehicle)
swaggerer
‫ مَطوة‬maṭwa hour, time, moment
‫ مَعز‬ma‘z, ma‘az (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ امَعز‬am‘uz,
‫ مَطية‬maṭīya pl. ‫ مَطايا‬maṭāyā, ‫ مَطي‬maṭīy ‫ مَعيز‬ma‘īz goat
mount, riding animal; expedient, means to
‫ مَاعز‬mā‘iz pl. ‫ مَواعز‬mawā‘iz2 goat
an end, instrument, tool
‫ مَعاز‬ma‘‘āz goatherd
‫ مَع‬ma’a (prep.) with, simultaneously
with, together with, accompanied by, in ‫ مَعس‬ma‘asa a (ma‘s) to rub (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
the company of; in the estimation, eyes, or squash, crush (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
opinion of; in spite of, despite; toward, in ‫ مَعض‬ma‘aḍa a (ma‘ḍ) and VIII to be annoyed
relation to; ‫ مَعا‬ma’an together; at the same (‫ على‬by), be angry (‫ مَن‬at), resent (‫ مَن‬s.th.)
time, simultaneously; with one another │
‫ مَع ان‬although; ‫ ومَع ان – إلَ ان‬wa-ma‘a ‫ امَتعاض‬imti‘āḍ anger, resentment,
anna -- illā anna although -- nevertheless, annoyance, displeasure; excitement,
to be sure -- but ..., it is true -- but ; ‫مَع ذلك‬ agitation
or ‫ مَع هذا‬in spite of it, nevertheless, ‫ مَمتعض‬mumta‘iḍ annoyed, vexed,
notwithstanding, still; ‫ مَع كل هذا‬in spite of angry; upset, excited
‫ مَعط‬ma‘aṭa a (ma‘ṭ) to tear out, pull out, pluck ‫ مَعوي‬mi‘awī of or pertaining to the
out (‫ هـ‬hair, feathers) intestines, intestinal; enteric │ ‫الحمى المعوية‬
(ḥummā) typhoid fever, enteric fever,
‫ مَعط‬ma‘iṭ and ‫ امَعط‬am‘aṭ2, f. ‫مَعطاء‬
abdominal typhus
ma‘ṭā‘, pl. ‫ مَعط‬mu‘ṭ hairless, bald
2
‫ مَعية‬ma‘īya see ‫مَع‬
‫ مَعك‬ma‘aka a (ma‘k) to rub (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَغاث‬mugāt (eg.) root of Glossostemon
‫ مَعكرونه‬ma‘karūna macaroni
Bruguieri (bot.)
1
‫ مَعمعة‬ma‘ma‘a pl. ‫ مَعامَع‬ma‘āmi‘2 confusion,
‫ مَغر‬magar and ‫ مَغرة‬mugra reddish, russet
jumble, mess, tohubohu; tumult, uproar;
color
turmoil; pl. wars, battles
‫ امَغر‬amgar2 reddish brown, russet
‫ مَعمعان‬ma‘ma‘ān raging, roar (of a
storm), turmoil, thick (of a battle), height, ‫ مَغربة‬magraba (mor.) Moroccanization
climax (of heat and cold) │ ‫مَعمعان الصيف‬ ‫ مَغص‬magṣa to cause gripes; pass. mugiṣa
m. aṣ-ṣaif high summer; ‫مَعمعان الشتاء‬ (mag.) to have gripes or colic, suffer from
deepest winter colic
2
‫ مَعمعي‬IV to apply o.s. assiduously, devote all ‫ مَغص‬magṣ, magaṣ and ‫ مَغيص‬magīṣ,
one’s efforts (‫ في‬to s.th.); to be keen, intent gripes; colic │ ‫( مَغص كلوى‬kulwī) renal
(‫ في‬on), be eager (‫ في‬for); to examine colic
closely, study carefully, scrutinize (‫في‬
s.th.); to go to extremes (‫ في‬in s.th.), ‫ مَمغوص‬mamgūṣ, suffering from colic;
overdo, carry too far (‫ في‬s.th.) │ ‫امَعن النظر‬ having gripes
‫( في‬naẓara) to fix one’s eyes on s.th., ‫ مَغط‬magaṭa a (magṭ) to stretch, extend,
regard s.th. attentively, examine s.th. expand, draw, out II do.
closely, scrutinize s.th. V to become
engrossed or absorbed, bury o.s. (‫ في‬in), ‫ مَتمغط‬mutamaggiṭ stretchable, elastic
regard attentively, examine carefully (‫ في‬s. (rubber); tough, viscous, ropy, sticky
th.), look closely (‫ في‬at s.o., at s.th.), ‫ مَغطس‬magṭasa to magnetize, make magnetic,
scrutinize (‫ في‬s.o., s.th.) subject to magnetic induction (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II
‫ مَاعون‬mā‘ūn pl. ‫ مَواعين‬mawā‘īn tamagṭasa to be magnetized, become
implement, utensil, instrument; vessel, magnetic
receptacle, container; (coll.) implements, ‫ مَغطسة‬magṭasa magnetism
utensils, gear; (syr.) ream of paper
‫ مَمغطس‬mumagṭas magnetized,
‫ مَاعونة‬mā‘ūna pl. -āt, ‫ مَواعين‬mawā‘īn2 magnetic
(eg.) lighter, barge
‫ خشب المغنة‬kašab al-mugna, ‫ خشب المغنى‬k. al-
‫ امَعان‬im‘ān and ‫ امَعان النظر‬i. an-naẓar mugnā mahogany (wood)
close examination, careful study, scrutiny
(‫ في‬of s.th.); ‫ امَعان‬devotion (‫ في‬to s.th.), ‫ مَغنط‬magnaṭa to magnetize, subject to
care, carefulness, assiduity, diligence, magnetic induction (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
attentiveness, attention 915 ‫ مَغنطيس‬mignaṭīs, magnaṭīs magnet │ O
‫ تمعن‬tama‘‘un close examination, ‫( مَغنطيس كهربائي‬kahrabā’ī) electromagnet
careful study, scrutiny; care, carefulness │ ‫ مَغناطيس‬mignāṭīs, magnāṭīs. magnet;
‫ بتمعن‬carefully magnetism
(‫ مَعا )مَعو‬ma‘ā u (‫ مَعاء‬ma‘ā’) to mew, miaow, ‫ مَغنطيسي‬mignaṭīsī magnetic; hypnotic
(cat)
‫ مَغنطيسية‬mignāṭīsīya and ‫مَغناطيسية‬
1
‫ مَعى‬mi‘an, ma‘y and ‫ مَعاء‬mi‘ā’ pl. ‫ امَعاء‬am‘ā’, magnetism
‫ امَعية‬am‘īya gut; intestines, bowels,
‫ مَغنيسيا‬magnīsiyā magneoio
entrails │ ‫ المَعاء الدقيقة‬the small intestine; ‫ال‬
‫ معى الغليظ‬the large intestine ‫ المغول‬al-mugūl the Mongols; the Moguls │ ‫بلد‬
‫ المغول‬Mongolia
‫ مَغولي‬mugūlī Mongolian ‫ مَكر‬makr cunning, craftiness, slyness,
wiliness, double-dealing, deception,
‫ مَقت‬maqata u (maqt) to detest, abhor, loathe,
trickery
hate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- maquta u (‫مَقاتة‬
maqāta) to be abominable, detestable, ‫ مَكرة‬makra ruse, artifice, stratagem,
loathsme, hated, odious II maqata; to wile, trick, dodge
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) hateful (‫ الى‬to s.o.), make s.o. ‫ مَكار‬makkār and ‫ مَكور‬makūr cunning,
(‫ )الى‬loathe (‫ ه‬s.o.) sly, crafty, wily, shrewd, artful; sly, crafty
‫ مَقت‬maqt hate, hatred, detestation, person, impostor, swindler
loathing, aversion, disgust ; hateful, ‫ مَاكر‬mākir pl. ‫ مَكرة‬makara sly, cunning,
odious wily
‫ مَقيت‬maqīt and ‫ مَمقوت‬mamqūt hated, ‫ مَكروب‬mikrūb pl. -āt, ‫ مَكاريب‬makārīb2 microbe
detested; hateful, odious; detestable,
abominable, loathsome, repugnant, ‫ مَكررونه‬makarūna macaroni
disgusting ‫ مَكس‬makasa i (mail) and II to collect taxes III
‫ مَقدونس‬maqdūnis parsley to haggle, bargain (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
‫ مَقدوني‬maqdūnī Macedonian (adj. and n.) ‫ مَكس‬maks pl. ‫ مَكوس‬mukūs tax, specif.,
excise or sales tax; toll, custom, duty,
‫ مَقع‬maqa’a a (maq’) to drink avidly, toss down impost; market dues │ ‫ دار المكوس‬custom-
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) VIII pass. umtuqi’a to turn pale house
‫ مَمقتع‬mumtaqa’ pale, pallid, wan, sallow ‫ مَكاس‬makkās tax collector
‫ مَقل‬maqala u (maql) to look (‫ ه‬at s.o.), eye, ‫ المكسيك‬al-maksīk Mexico
regard (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ المكى‬Mukalla (seaport in Aden Protectorate,
‫ مَقلة‬muqla pl. ‫ مَقل‬muqal eye; eyeball │ chief town of Hadhramaut)
‫ مَقلة العين‬m. al-’ain eyeball 916
1
‫ مَكن‬makuna u (‫ مَكانة‬makāna) to be or
□ ‫ مَقانق‬maqāniq (= ‫ )نقانق‬small mutton become strong; to become influential, gain
sausages (syr.) influence, have influence (‫ عند‬with s.o.),
‫ مَكة‬makka2 (usually followed by the epithet have power II to make strong or firm,
‫ المكرمَة‬al-mukarrama) Mecca consolidate, strengthen, cement, establish
firmly, deepen (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to lend weight (‫هـ‬
‫ مَكي‬makkī Meccan (adj. and n.)
to s.th.); to put down or set down firmly (
‫ مَكوك‬makkūk pl. ‫ مَكاكيك‬makākik2 ‫ هـ‬s.th.), give (‫ هـ‬s.th.) a firm stance; to put
drinking cup; shuttle (‫ ه‬s.o.) in a position (‫ مَن‬to do s.th.), give (‫ه‬
‫ مَاكوك‬mākūk pl. ‫ مَواكيك‬mawākik2 s.o.) the possibility (‫ مَن‬to do s.th.), enable
drinking cup; shuttle (‫ مَن ه‬s.o. to do s.th.), make possible (‫مَن ه‬
for s.o. s.th.); to place (‫ مَن‬s.th.) in s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
‫ مَكث‬makata u (makt, ‫ مَكوث‬mukūt) to remain, hands; to furnish. provide (‫ مَن ه‬s.o. with);
abide, stay, live, dwell, reside (‫ ب‬in a to give or lend a firm position (‫ ل‬to s.o. to
place) s.th.); to give power (‫ في ل‬to s.o. over) IV
‫ مَكث‬makt and ‫ مَكوث‬mukūt remaining, to enable (‫ مَن ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); to be
staying, lingering, abiding; stay, sojourn possible, feasible (‫ ه‬for s.o.) │ ‫يمكنه‬
yumkinuhū he can (‫ ان‬do s.th.); ‫ يمكن ان‬it is
‫ مَكوجي‬see ‫كوى‬ possible that ...; it may be that ...,
‫( مَكدام‬Engl.) makadām macadam possibly ..., perhaps ..., maybe …; ‫اكثر مَا‬
‫( يمكن‬aktara) as much as possible; ‫ لَ يمكن‬it
‫ مَكدوني‬makdūnī Macedonian (adj. and n.)
is impossible V to have or gain influence,
‫ مَكدونيا‬makdūniyā Macedonia weight, or prestige (‫ عند‬with s.o.), have or
‫ مَكر‬makara u (makr) to deceive, delude, cheat, gain power; to be native, indigenous,
dupe, gull, double-cross (‫ ب‬s.o.) III to try resident; to gain ground; to spread; to be
to deceive (‫ ه‬s.o.) consolidated, firmly established; to
consolidate, strengthen, gain in strength;
to seize (‫ مَن‬on s.th.), possess o.s., take ‫ مَمكن‬mumkin possible; thinkable,
possession (‫ مَن‬of s.th.); to have command conceivable │ ‫ غير مَمكن‬impossible; ‫مَن‬
or mastery (‫ مَن‬of s.th.), command, muter ( ‫ المكن ان‬possibly, perhaps, maybe
‫ مَن‬s.th.); to be in a position, be able (‫ مَن‬to ‫ مَمكنات‬mumkināt possibilities
do s.th.), be capable (‫ مَن‬of), have the
power (‫ مَن‬to do s.th.) X to consolidate, ‫ مَتمكن‬mutamakkin an adept, a
strengthen, deepen, become firmly proficient, a master; strengthened,
established, establish itself; to seize (‫ مَن‬on cemented; firmly established, firmly
s.th.), possess o.s., take possession (‫ مَن‬of); fixed; consolidated; deep-rooted, deep-
to have 917 command or mastery (‫ مَن‬of seated, deeply ingrained, inveterate;
s.th.), command, master (‫ مَن‬s.th.); to be lasting, enduring; declinable (gram.) │
able (‫ مَن‬to do s.th.), be capable (‫ مَن‬of) ‫( مَتمكن امَكن‬amkan2) declinable with
nunnation, triptote (gram.); ‫مَتمكن غير امَكن‬
‫ مَكنة‬mukna, makina power, ability, (gairu amkana) declinable in two cases,
capacity, capability, faculty; possibility; diptote (gram.); ‫ غير مَتمكن‬indeclinable
strength, firmness, solidity, intensity, (gram.); ‫( مَتمكن في جلسته‬jalsatihī) firmly
force, vigor seated
‫ مَكان‬pl. ‫ امَاكن‬,‫ امَكنة‬and ‫ مَكانة‬see ‫كون‬ 2
‫ مَكنة‬makina and ‫ مَاكينة‬mākīna pl. -āt and ‫مَكائن‬
2
‫ مَكين‬makīn pl. ‫ مَكناء‬mukanā’ strong, makā’in2 machine
firm, solid; firmly established, ‫ مَكنى‬makanī mechanical
unshakable; deep-seated, deep-rooted,
deeply ingrained, inveterate (feeling); ‫ مَكوجي‬see ‫كوى‬
influential, distinguished, of note, of rank, 2
‫ مَل‬malla (1st pers. perf. maliltu) a (‫ مَلل‬malal,
respected; powerful, potent ‫ مَلال‬malāl, ‫ مَلالة‬malāla) to be or become
‫ امَكن‬amkan2 see ‫مَتمكن‬ weary, tired, bored, impatient; to tire,
become tired (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), become fed-up (
‫ تمكين‬tamkīn strengthening, ‫ هـ‬with) │ ‫ لَ يمل‬indefatigable, untiring,
consolidation, cementation; deepening, unflagging IV to be tiresome, irksome,
intensification; fixation, establishment; wearisome, boring, tedious, vexatious; to
enabling, enablement, capacitation; livery vex, annoy, irritate (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); (= ‫)امَلى‬
of seizing, investiture (Isl. Law) to dictate (‫ على ه‬s.th. to s.o.) V to be
‫ امَكان‬imkān power, capacity, capability; wearied, fed-up; to be bored; to be
faculty, ability; possibility │ ‫ بقدر المَكان‬bi- restless, fidgety; to embrace a religion (‫مَلة‬
qadri l-i. or ‫ على قدر المَكان‬as much as millatan) VIII to embrace a religion (‫مَلة‬
possible, as far as possible; ‫عدم المَكان‬ millatan)
‘adam al-i. impossibility; ‫ عند المَكان‬when ‫ مَل‬mall weary, tired, fed-up; bored
(if) possible, possibly; ‫ في امَكانه ان‬it is in
his power, he is in a position to ...; ‫هو في‬ ‫ مَلة‬malla hot ashes, live embers
‫ المَكان‬it is in the realm of possibility; ‫ليس‬ ‫ مَلة‬milla pl. ‫ مَلل‬milal religious
‫ في المَكان‬it is impossible, unthinkable, community; religion, creed, faith,
inconceivable confession, denomination
‫ امَكانية‬imkānīya pl. -āt possibility; O ‫ مَلى‬millī religious, confessional,
potential (phys.) denominational │ ‫( مَجلس مَلي‬majlis) court
‫ تمكن‬tamakkun power, authority, of justice of a religious minority (in Egypt
control, mastery, command; ability, abolished since 1956)
capability, ‫ مَلة‬mulla pl. ‫ مَلل‬mulal basting stitch,
faculty; restraint, self-control, self- tacking stitch; spring mattress
possession (also ‫)تمكن مَن النفس‬ ‫ مَلل‬malal and ‫ مَلال‬malāl tiredness,
‫ مَاكن‬mākin strong, firm, solid, lasting, boredom, ennui; listlessness, weariness;
enduring annoyance, irritation, vexation 918
‫ مَلال‬mulāl morbid unrest, restlessness kisā’ihī corpulent fat; ‫ بملء الفم‬bi-m. il-fam
fidgetiness, feverishness in a loud voice; ‫ بملء فيه‬bi-mil’i fīhi with a
ring of deep conviction (with verbs like
‫ مَلالة‬malāla weariness, boredom;
“say”, “declare”, “exclaim”, etc.); loudly,
impatience; ennui, tedium
at the top of one’s voice or one’s lungs
‫ مَلول‬malūl tired, wearied, bored; weary, (with verbs like “shout”, “cry”, etc.); ‫ضحك‬
fed-up, disgusted ‫ بملء )مَلء( شدقيه‬ḍaḥika bi-mil’i (or mil’a)
‫ مَلى‬mullā bread baked in hot ashes šidqaihj to grin from ear to ear; ‫قال بصوت‬
‫( مَلؤه الشفقة‬bi-ṣautin mil’uhū ā-šafaqatu) he
‫ مَملول‬mamlūl offensive, disgusting said in a voice full of mercy ...; ‫لي مَلء‬
‫ مَمل‬mumill tiresome, tedious, boring, ‫( الحرية في‬m. ul-ḥurrīya) I have complete
wearisome, irksome, loathsome, freedom to ..., I am completely at liberty
disagreeable to ...; ‫( مَلء‬mauqilan mil'uhil
2
‫ مَل‬mill pl. -āt (formerly) the smallest I-ilium) he ....umed a posture that w...
monetary unit in Palestine and Jordan, all determination; ‫( انت مَلء حياتي‬ḥayātī)
1/1000 of a Palestinian pound you are all my life; ‫( ينام مَلء جفنيه‬mil’a
‫ مَلأ‬mala’a a (‫ مَلء‬mal’, ‫ مَلة‬mal’a, mil’a) to fill, jafnaihi) he is sound asleep, he sleeps the
fill up (‫ ب‬or ‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ هـ‬s.th. with); to fill sleep of the just
out (‫ هـ‬a form, a blank); to take up, fill, ‫ مَلأ‬mala’ pl. ‫ امَلء‬amlā’ crowd,
occupy (‫ هـ‬space); to fill (‫ هـ‬a vacancy) │ gathering, assembly, congregation;
‫( مَل الدهر‬dahra) his (its) fame spread far audience; (general) public; council of
and wide; ‫( مَل الساعة‬sā‘ata) to wind up a elders, notables, grandees │ ‫على المل‬
watch or clock; ‫( مَل شدقيه بالهواء‬šidqaihi bi- publicly, in public; ‫( على مَل العالم‬m.
l-hawā’) to puff one’s cheek.; ‫مَل العين‬ il-‘ālam) for everyone to see, before all
(‘aina) to satisfy completely, please; ‫مَل‬ the world; ‫( الملأ العلى‬a‘lā) the heavenly
‫( الفضاء بالشكوى‬faḍā’a bi-š-šakwā) to fill the host, the angels
air with complaints, voice loud laments;
‫( مَل فاه ب‬fāhu) to talk big about ..., shoot ‫ مَلءة‬mulā’a, □ ‫ مَلية‬milāya pl. -āt wrap
off one’s mouth about ...; -- ‫ مَلئ‬mali’a to worn by Egyptian women; sheet, bed
be or become filled, filled up, full, replete sheet
III to help, assist, support, back up (‫على ه‬ ‫ مَليئ‬,‫ مَليء‬malī’ full (‫ ب‬of), filled,
s.o. in), side (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to make replete (‫ ب‬with); bulging, swelling (‫ب‬
common cause, join forces (‫ على ه‬with s.o. with); plump; stout, fat, corpulent, obese;
against) IV to fill (‫ هـ‬s.th., also a vacancy) rich, abounding (‫ ب‬in); well-to-do,
V to till, become full; to be filled (‫ هـ‬or ‫مَن‬ wealthy; solvent │ ‫ مَليء البدن‬m. al-badan
with), be full (‫ هـ‬or ‫ مَن‬of) VIII to fill, stout, fat, corpulent 919
become full; to be filled (glass; pass.); to
‫ مَلآن‬mal’ān, f. ‫ مَللى‬mal’ā or ‫ مَلآنة‬pl. ‫مَلاء‬
be filled (‫ مَن‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬with s.th., ‫ هـ‬also with
milā’ full, filled, replete; plump, fat
a feeling), be full (‫ مَن‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ ب‬of, ‫ هـ‬also of
a feeling); to fill (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fill up (‫هـ‬ ‫ مَمالة‬mumāla’a partiality, bias;
s.th.); to imbue, fill (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬with a collaboration (pol.)
feeling) ‫ امَلء‬imlā’ filling (also, e.g., of a
‫ مَلء‬mal’ filling (also, e.g., of vacancy)
vacancies); filling out ‫ امَتلء‬imtilā’ repletion, fullness; full,
‫ مَلء‬mil’ pl. ‫ امَلء‬amlā’ filling, quantity round form, plumpness; bulkiness;
which fills s.th., fill; quantity contained in fatness, stoutness, corpulence
s.th. │ ‫ مَلء اهابه الكبرياء‬m. ihābihī l- ‫ مَملوء‬mamlū’ filled, filled up; imbued;
kibriyā’u he is all pride and arrogance; ‫مَلء‬ loaded
‫ بطنه‬m. baṭnihī as much as one can eat,
one’s fill; ‫ مَلء القدح‬m. qadaḥin a cupful; ‫ مَمالئ‬mumāli’ partial, biased,
‫ مَلء اليد‬m. al-yad a handful; ‫ مَلء كسائه‬m. prejudiced; collaborator (pol.)
‫ مَمتلئ‬mumtali’ full, filled, filled up, ‫ مَلاحي‬milāḥī navigational, shipping,
replete │ ‫ مَمتلئ الجسم‬m. al-jism stout, fat, marine, maritime, nautical
corpulent ‫ مَلوحة‬mulāḥa saltiness, salt taste
‫ مَلريا‬malāriyā malaria ‫ مَليح‬malīḥ pl. ‫ مَلاح‬millāḥ, ‫ امَلاح‬amlāḥ
‫ مَليو‬malāyū, ‫ جزر المليو‬juzur al-m. the salt, salty, briny, salted; pretty, handsome,
Malayan Archipelago comely; beautiful; nice, pleasant,
agreeable; witty │ (eg.) ‫‘( علقة مَليحة‬alqa) a
‫ مَلج‬malaja u (malj) to suck (‫ هـ‬the mother’s
sound beating
breast) VIII to suck
‫ امَلوحة‬umlūḥa pl. ‫ امَاليح‬amālīḥ2 joke,
‫ مَالج‬mālaj pl. ‫ مَوالج‬mawālij2 trowel
anecdote
‫ مَلح‬malaḥa u a and maluḥa u (‫ مَلوح‬mulūḥ, ‫مَلوح‬
‫ مَملحة‬mamlaḥa pl. ‫ مَمالح‬mamāliḥ2
‫ ة‬mulāḥa, ‫ مَلحة‬malāḥa) to be or become
salina; saltern, saltworks; saline spring;
salt(y); -- maluḥa u (‫ مَلاحة‬malāḥa, ‫مَلوحة‬
saltcellar
mulūḥa) to be beautiful, handsome, pretty,
comely, nice, elegant II to salt, season ‫ تمليح‬tamlīḥ salting, salting down,
with salt (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to salt away, salt down, preservation in salt, corning, curing
preserve with salt, com, cure (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV ‫ مَالح‬māliḥ salt, salty, briny
to be salt(y) X to find (‫ هـ‬s.th.) beautiful,
pretty, nice, or witty ‫ مَوالح‬mawāliḥ2 (pl. of ‫ مَالحة‬māliḥa,
citrus fruits; (syr.) salted nuts, peanuts,
‫ مَلح‬milḥ m. and f., pl. ‫ امَلح‬amlāḥ, ‫مَلاح‬ almonds, etc.
milāḥ salt; gunpowder; witticism,
wittiness, wit, esprit │ ‫ مَلح انكليزي‬bitter ‫ مَملوح‬mamlūḥ salted, salty 920
salt, Epsom salt; ‫ مَلح البارود‬m. al-bārūd ‫ مَملح‬mumallaḥ salted; salted down,
saltpeter; gunpowder; ‫ مَلح النشادر‬m. an- corned, cured
nušādir sal ammoniac, ammonium
chloride; ‫( امَلح مَعدنية‬ma‘dinīya) mineral ‫ مَستملح‬mustamlaḥ brilliant, witty,
salts bright, clever, interesting
1
‫ مَلحي‬milhī salt, salty, saline ‫ مَلخ‬malaka a (malk) to pull out, tear out (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to wrench, dislocate, luxate (‫ هـ‬a
‫ مَلحة‬milḥa bond, obligation, joint) VIII to pull out, extract (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
commitment, covenant
‫ مَليخ‬malīk tasteless, insipid
‫ مَلحة‬mulḥa pl. ‫ مَلح‬mulaḥ funny story, 2
anecdote, bon mot, witticism ‫ مَلوخية‬mulūlkīya Jew’s mallow (Corchorus
olitorius; bot.) cultivated as a pot herb; a
‫ مَلح‬mallāḥ sailor, seaman, mariner; thick soup made of this herb (eg., syr.)
(mar.) ghetto of Moroccan cities
‫ مَلد‬malida a (malad) to be tender (esp., twig)
‫ مَلحة‬malāḥa beauty, grace,
gracefulness; elegance; kindness, ‫ امَاليد‬amalīd2 tender twigs
kindliness, friendliness, amiability; ‫ امَلد‬amlad2, f. ‫ مَلداء‬maldā’ tender,
saltiness, salt taste, saltness, salinity flexible
‫ مَلحة‬mallāḥa pl. -āt salina, saline ‫ مَلس‬malisa a and malusa u (‫مَلاسة‬
spring; saltern, saltworks, salt mine; malāsa, ‫ مَلوسة‬mulūsa) to be smooth, level,
saltcellar even II to make smooth, to smooth, level,
‫ مَلحة‬milāḥa navigation, shipping │ even (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make slippery (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
‫( مَلحة تجارية‬tijārīya) mercantile shipping, to pass the hand, brush (with the hand) (
maritime transportation; ‫مَلاحة جوية‬ ‫ على‬over), stroke, caress (‫ على‬s.th.) V to
(jawwīya) aviation; ‫( مَلحة داخلية‬dākilīya) become smooth; to glide, slide, slip; to
inland navigation; ‫( مَلحة نهرية‬nahrīya) grope; to slip away, escape VII (also ‫امَلس‬
river traffic; ‫ صالح للملاحة‬navigable immalasa) to become smooth; to glide,
slide, slip; to slip away; to escape
‫ مَلس‬malas (eg.) a thin outer garment; possession, lay hold (‫ هـ‬of); to possess,
‫ على‬silk fabric for women’s dresses own, have (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be the owner (‫ هـ‬of);
to dominate, control (‫ هـ‬s.th.): to be master
‫ مَلس‬malis smooth, sleek
(‫ هـ‬of); to role, reign, exercise power or
‫ مَلاسة‬malāsa smoothness authority, hold sway, lord it (‫ على‬or ‫هـ‬
‫ امَلس‬amlas 2, f. ‫ مَلساء‬malsā’2, pl. ‫مَلس‬ over); to be capable (‫ هـ‬of), be 921 equal (
muls smooth, sleek ‫ هـ‬to); to be able, be in a position (‫ ان‬or ‫هـ‬
to do s.th.) │ ‫( مَلكه الغيظ‬gaiẓ) anger
‫ مَلص‬maliṣa a (malaṣ) to glide, slide, slip; to overwhelmed him, got the better of him;
slip away, escape; to disengage o.s., free ‫( مَلك عليه جميع مَشاعره‬jamī‘a mašā‘irihī) to
o.s., (‫ عن‬,‫ مَن‬from an obligation), rid o.s. ( dominate s.o.’s every thought and deed, be
‫ عن‬,‫ مَن‬of) V to rid o.s. (‫ عن‬of), shirk, uppermost in s.o.’s mind; ‫مَلك عليه حسه‬
dodge, evade (‫ مَن‬s.th.) (ḥissahū) to take possession of s.o.’s
‫ مَلص‬maliṣ smooth, sleek, slippery feelings; ‫( مَلك عليه لبه‬lubbahū) to
preoccupy s.o.’s heart; ‫مَلك عليه نفسه‬
‫ مَليص‬malīṣ smooth, seleek, slippery; (nafsahū) to lay hold of s.o.’s soul,
miscarried fetus, stillborn child dominate s.o.’s thinking, affect s.o. deeply,
‫ تملص‬tamalluṣ slipping away, escaping, stir up, arouse, excite s.o.; ‫مَلك على نفسه‬
escape ‫( امَرها‬amrahā) to have o.s. under control,
1 keep one’s temper; ‫مَلك العينين مَن البكاء‬
‫ مَلط‬malaṭa u (malṭ) to plaster with mud or
(‘ainaini, bukā’) to hold back the tears;
mortar (‫ هـ‬a wall); to shave off (‫ هـ‬hair) II
‫( مَلك نفسه‬nafsahū) to control o.s., restrain
to mortar, plaster (‫ هـ‬a wall)
o.s.; ‫ لم يملك ان‬he could not refrain from ...,
‫ مَلط‬malṭ (eg.) stark naked │ ‫عريان مَلط‬ he couldn’t help it, he had to ...; ‫مَا مَلكت‬
(‘uryān) stark naked ‫( )يملك( يمينه‬yamīnuhū) his fortune, his
‫ مَلط‬milṭ pl. ‫ امَلاط‬amlāt, ‫ مَلوط‬mulūṭ property, his possessions II and IV to
dishonorable, discreditable; scoundrel │ make (‫ ه‬s.o.) the owner; to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) in
‫ خلط مَلط‬kilṭ milṭ or kalṭ malṭ pell-mell, in possession (‫ هـ‬of), transfer (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
confusion ownership (‫ هـ‬of); to transfer, assign, make
over, convey (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to make (‫ه‬
‫ مَلاط‬milāṭ pl. ‫ مَلط‬muluṭ mortar s.o.) king or sovereign (‫ على‬over) V to take
‫ مَليط‬malīṭ and ‫ امَلط‬amlaṭ pl. ‫ مَلط‬mulṭ in possession, take over, appropriate,
hairless acquire (‫ هـ‬s.th.), take possession (‫ هـ‬of
2
s.th., ‫ ه‬of s.o.), seize, lay hands (‫ هـ‬on
‫ مَالطة‬malṭa Malta s.th.), lay hold (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to possess,
‫ مَالطي‬malṭī Maltese (adj. and n.) own, have (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be in possession (‫هـ‬
of); to become king or sovereign (‫على‬
‫ مَلق‬maliqa a (malaq) to flatter (‫ ه‬s.o.) U = I; to
over); to become prevalent, become fixed,
even, level, plane (‫ هـ هـ‬s.th.) III = I IV to
take root (habit) VI to gain control (‫ هـ‬over
become poor, impoverished, be reduced to
a feeling, ‫ نفسه‬nafsahū over o.s.); to
poverty V to flatter (‫ ل‬,‫ الى‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.)
control o.s., restrain o.s., hold back; to
‫ مَلق‬maliq and ‫ مَلاق‬mallāq flatterer, refrain, keep (‫ عن‬from s.th.) │ ‫مَا تمالك عن‬
adulator he couldn’t help (doing s.th.), he couldn’t
‫ مَلق‬malaqa pl. -āt, ‫ امَلق‬amlaq (eg.) refrain from ... VIII to possess, own, have
Egyptian mile, league, the distance of (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to gain, win (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to acquire (
approximately one hour’s walk ‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( امَتلك نواصي الشيء‬nawāṣiya š-
šai’) to b. master of s.th., rule over s.th. X
‫ مَملقة‬mimlaqa planer, leveler; roller to appropriate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), take possession (‫هـ‬
‫ تمليق‬tamlīq and ‫ تملق‬tamalluq flattery, of); to dominate, control (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
adulation possess, own, have (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to master (‫هـ‬
s.th.)
‫ مَلك‬malaka i (malk, mulk, milk) to take
in possession, take over, acquire (‫ هـ‬s.th.), ‫ مَلك‬mulk rule, reign, supreme authority,
seize, lay hands (‫ هـ‬on), possess o.s., take dominion, domination, dominance, sway,
power; sovereignty, kingship, royalty; ‫ مَلاك‬milāk (tun.) betrothal, engagement;
monarchy; tenure, holding, right of engagement present (of the fiancé to the
possession, possessory right, ownership prospective bride)
‫ مَلك‬mill: pl. ‫ امَلاك‬amlāk property, ‫ مَلوكي‬mulukī royal, kingly, regal;
possessions, goods and chattels, fortune, monarchic; monarchist
wealth; estate; landed property, real estate; ‫ مَلاك‬mallākīya monarchic rule,
pl. possessions (= colonies); lands, landed monarchism, kingship, royalty;
property, estates │ ‫( امَلاك امَيرية‬amīrīya) or ‫ا‬ monarchist leaning
‫ مَلاك الحكومَة‬government lands; ‫مَلك ثابت‬
landed property, real property, real estate, ‫ مَلاك‬mallāk pl. -ūn owner, proprietor;
realty, immovables; ‫ مَلك مَنقول‬personal landowner, landholder, landed proprietor
estate, personal property, personality, │ ‫ كبار الملكين‬kibār al-m. large landowners
movables; ‫( امَلاك مَبنية‬mabnīya) developed ‫ مَلاكي‬mallākī private
lots, real estate developments; ‫صاحب‬
‫ ذو المَلاك‬,‫ المَلاك‬landowner; ‫مَلك امَيري‬ ‫ مَليك‬malīk pl. ‫ مَلكاء‬mulakā’ king;
(amīrī) government property; ‫مَلك مَطلق‬ possessor, owner, proprietor
(muṭlaq) general property, fee simple ‫ مَليكة‬malīka queen
(absolute) (Isl. Law); ‫ مَلك شائع‬joint
property, joint tenancy, co-ownership ‫ مَملكة‬mamlaka pl. ‫ مَمالك‬mamālik2
kingdom, empire, state, country; royal
‫ مَلك‬malik pl. ‫ مَلوك‬mulūk, ‫ امَلاك‬amlāk power, sovereignty
king, sovereign, monarch
‫ تمليك‬tamlīk transfer of ownership,
‫ مَلكة‬malika pl. -āt queen │ ‫ مَلكة الجمال‬m. conveyance of property, alienation
al-jamāl beauty queen
‫ تملك‬tamalluk taking possession,
‫ مَلك‬malak (for ‫ )مَلأك‬angel │ ‫مَلك حارس‬ occupancy, seizure; possession; right or
guardian angel possession, possessory right, tenure,
‫ مَلكي‬mulkī posessory, possessive, holding; domination, control, mastery
proprietary; civilian, civil (as opposed to ‫ تمالك‬tamāluk self-control
military) │ ‫( بدلة مَلكية‬badla) civilian
clothes; ‫( مَوظف مَلكي‬muwaẓẓaf) civil ‫ امَتلاك‬imtilāk taking possession,
servant occupancy, seizure; possession; right or
possession, possessory right, tenure,
‫ مَلكي‬malakī royal, kingly, regal; holding; domination, control, mastery │ َ‫ام‬
monarchic, sovereign; monarchist; angelic ‫ تلاك النفس‬imt. an-nafs self-control
‫ مَلكية‬malakīya monarchy, kingship, ‫ امَتلك‬imtilāk pl. -āt acquisition;
royalty appropriation, taking possession,
‫ مَلكية‬milkīya pl. -āt property; ownership occupancy, seizure
(jur.) │ ‫( الملكية الكبرى‬kubrā) large landed ‫ مَالك‬mālik pl. ‫ مَلاك‬mullāk, ‫ مَلك‬mullak
property; ‫ نزع الملكية‬naz‘ al-m. reigning, ruling; owning, possessing,
expropriation, dispossession 922 holding; owner, proprietor, master,
‫ مَلكة‬malaka pl. -āt trait of character, possessor, holder │ ‫ مَالك الحزين‬heron
natural disposition, aptitude, bent; gift, (zool.)
faculty, talent, knack ‫ مَالكي‬mālikī Malikite, belonging to the
‫ مَلكوت‬malakūt realm, kingdom, empire; Malikite school of theology; a Maliki
kingship, royalty, sovereignty │ ‫مَلكوت‬ ‫ المالكية‬al-mālikīya the Malikite school
‫ السماوات‬m. as-samāwāt the Kingdom of of theology
Heaven (Chr.)
‫ مَملوك‬mamlūk owned (‫ ل‬by), in
‫ مَلكوتي‬malakūtī divine, heavenly possession (‫ ل‬of), belonging (‫ ل‬to); (pl. ‫مَمال‬
‫ مَلاك‬malāk, milāk foundation, basis, ‫ يك‬mamālīk2) white slave, mameluke;
fundament, essential prerequisite Mameluke │ ‫ غير مَملوك‬incapable of
individual possession, (res) extra ‫( مَليم‬Fr. millième) mallīm, malīm pl. -āt, ‫مَلاليم‬
commercium (Isl. Law) malālīm2 the smallest monetary unit in
Egypt (= 1/1000 pound); see also under ‫لوم‬
‫ مَملك‬mumallik assignor, transferor,
conveyer, alienator ‫ مَليمتر‬millīmitr pl. -āt millimeter
‫ مَمتلك‬mumtalak owned, in possession; ‫ مَليون‬malyūn pl. -āt, ‫ مَلايين‬malāyīn2 million │
pl. ‫ مَمتلكات‬mumtalakāt property; estates, ‫ اصحاب الملايين‬millionaires
landed property; possessions, ‫ مَم‬mm. abbreviation of millimeter
dependencies, colonies │ ‫مَمتلكات امَيرية‬
(amīrīya) government property; ‫الممتلكات‬ ‫ مَما‬mimmā, shortened form ‫ مَم‬mimma = min
‫( المستقلة‬mustaqilla) the Dominions mā
‫ مَلمل‬malmala to hurry, hasten; to make ‫ مَمن‬mimman = min man
restless, make fidgety (‫ ه‬s.o.) II tamalmala 2
‫ مَن‬man 1. (interr. pron.) who? which one?
to murmur; to mumble, mumble into one’s which ones? 2. (relative pron.) who; the
beard; to grumble, be disgruntled, be one who; those who; one who; whoever,
angry; to be restlessness, fidgety, nervous; whosoever, everyone who, he who
to twitch nervously; to be or become 2
wavering, uncertain ‫ مَن‬min (prep.) 1. of; some, some of, (a)
part of; belonging to, pertaining to, from
‫ مَلملة‬malmala and ‫ تململ‬tamalmul among │ ‫ كان مَن‬to belong or pertain to, be
unrest, restlessness, fidgetiness, among …, fall under ...; ‫( مَن ذلك ان‬anna)
nervousness among other things ...; ‫( مَنهم مَن‬man) some
‫ مَلنخوليا‬malakōliyā melancholia of them; ‫ مَنهم مَن – ومَنهم مَن‬some of them --
1 others ..., there are (were) those who --
(‫ مَلا )مَلو‬malā u (malw) to walk briskly, run II and others who ...; ‫( رجل مَن قريش‬rajul) a
to make (‫ هـ‬s.o.) enjoy (‫ هـ‬s.th.) for a long man of the Koreish tribe; ‫يوم مَن اليام‬
time (said of God) IV to dictate (‫ هـ على‬to (yaum, ayyām) some day, some day or
s.o. .s.th.) V to enjoy (‫ هـ‬,‫ ب‬,‫ مَن‬s.th.) X to other; ‫( امَر مَن المَور‬amr) s.th. or other,
take from dictation (‫ هـ‬s.th.) 923 some affair, some business; ‫اكل مَن الطعام‬
‫ مَل‬malā pl. ‫ امَلاء‬amlā’ open country, (ṭa‘ām) he ate (a little, some) of the food;
open tract of land; steppe, desert ‫ مَا رايته مَن الكتب‬mā ra’aituhū min saling-
kutub (what I have seen of the books =)
‫ الملوان‬al-malawān day and night
the books I have seen; ‫( مَا رايته مَن كتب‬what
‫ مَلوة‬malwa malouah, a dry measure I have seen of books =) what(ever) books
(Eg. = 2 4.125 = ‫ قدح‬l) I have seen; ‫ مَا ل مَن شريك‬God has no
‫ مَلي‬malīy (relatively long) period of partner whatsoever; ‫( مَا مَن احد يقدر‬aḥadin
time; ‫ مَليا‬malīyan for quite a while, for a yaqdiru) nobody can ...; ‫مَا مَن شخص‬
long time (šakṣin) there ia absolutely none who ...

‫ امَلاء‬imlā’ dictation; O transmission (of consisting of, made of, of (material) │


a telephone message) ‫( ثوب مَن حرير‬taub) a garment of silk, a silk
2
dress
□ ‫ مَلاية‬milāya pl. -āt (< ‫ مَلاءة‬mulā’a) wrap
worn by Egyptian women; sheet, bed at, on (time) │ ‫( مَن الليل‬lail) at night; ‫مَن‬
sheet ‫( يومَه‬yaumihī) on the very same day; ‫مَن‬
‫ ساعته‬at that moment, at once, right away
‫ مَلية‬malīya pl. ‫ مَلايا‬malāyā (tun.)
garment of sedouin women at, on, by (place) │ ‫هزه مَن مَنكبه‬
(hazzahū, mankibihī) he shook him by the
‫( مَليار‬Fr.) milyār pl. -āt (U.S.) billion, (G.s.) shoulder
milliard
like, as, such as, as for instance;
‫ مَليجرام‬milligrām pl. -āt milligram namely, to wit │ ‫صفات ازلية مَن العلم والقدرة‬
‫( والرادة‬ṣifāt azalīya, ‘ilm, qudra, irāda)
eternal attributes such as knowledge,
power, volition; ‫اذا صح مَا قالته الجرائد مَن ان‬
(ṣaḥḥa) if what the newspapers say is true, by, through (with the passive to
namely that ... indicate the doer, agent, perpetrator)
in an exclamation: ‫ يا طولها مَن ليلة‬yā as to compounds such as ,‫ مَن حيث‬,‫مَن بعد‬
ṭūlahā min lailatin oh, the length of the ‫ مَن قبل‬,‫ مَن غير‬,‫ مَن دون‬see under the second
night! what a long night it is! ‫مَا اخفه مَن حمل‬ word
mā akaffahū min ḥimlin how light a 3
‫ مَن‬manna u (mann) to he kind, kindly,
burden it is! ‫( ويحه مَن مَخبول‬waiḥahū) woe benign, gracious, benevolent, obliging (
to this fool! ‫ على‬to or toward, s.o.); to show, grant, or
in relation to, with respect to, toward │ do s.o. (‫ )على‬a favor, bestow blessings,
‫ مَقاصد المانيا مَن تركيا‬Germany’s intentions as benefits, favors (‫ على‬upon s.o.); to grant,
far as Turkey is concerned award, present, give (‫ ب على‬to s.o. s.th.),
confer, bestow graciously (‫ ب على‬upon s.o.
substituting for an accusative
s.th.), bless (‫ ب على‬s.o. with), inspire ( ‫ب‬
(originally, in a partitive sense): ‫اذكى ذلك مَن‬
‫ على‬s.o. with; of God) IV to tire, fatigue,
‫ فضولها‬this kindled her curiosity 924
weaken (‫ ه‬s.o.), sap the strength (‫ على‬of
2. from, away from, out of, from the s.o.) V do. VIII to be kind, kindly, benign,
direction of │ ‫ اخرج مَن هنا‬ukruj min hunā gracious, benevolent, obliging (‫ على‬to or
get out of here! ‫ جاء مَن بغداد‬he came from toward s.o.), to show, grant, or do s.o. (
Baghdad; ‫( مَن طرف‬ṭarafi) and ‫مَن قبل‬ ‫ )على‬a favor, bestow blessings, benefits,
(qibal) on the part of, on the side of, from, favors (‫ على‬upon s.o.); to bestow or confer
by; ‫ الى‬-- ‫ مَن‬from -- (up) to; ‫كان مَنه واليه‬ most graciously (‫ ب على‬upon s.o. s.th.),
(wa-ilaihi) to depend entirely on s.o., he kindly grant, award, or give (‫ ب على‬to s.o.
inseparable from s.o., appertain to s.o.; ‫مَا‬ s.th.)
‫ كان مَنهم‬what share they had in ..., to what
‫ مَن‬mann gracious bestowal; favor;
extent they were involved in ..., what part
benefit, blessing, boon; gift, present,
they played in …
largess; honeydew; manna; (pl. ‫امَنان‬
from, beginning , starting ..., since, for; amnān) a weight of 2 ‫ رطل‬raṭl │ ‫بمنه تعالى‬
after │ ‫( مَن شهر‬šahr) for a month (past), by the grace of God
since one month ago; ‫( مَن مَدة‬mudda) for
‫ مَنة‬minna pl. ‫ مَنن‬minan grace; kindness,
some time (in the past); ‫بعد ايام مَن هذه‬
kindliness, good will, friendliness,
‫( الحوادث‬ba‘da ayyāmin) a few days after
amiability, graciousness, benevolence,
these events
benignity; favor, act of kindness, benefit,
of, by, at, about (denoting the source of blessing, boon, gift, present
one’s fear, fright, alarm, apprehension,
‫ مَن‬munna pl. ‫ مَنن‬munan strength, vigor,
etc.). e.g., ‫ خاف مَن‬,‫ فزع مَن‬etc.
stamina │ ‫ شديد المنة‬strong, vigorous,
against, from (with verb, denoting sturdy
protection, defense, warning, freeing,
‫ مَنان‬mannān kind, kindly, benign,
exemption), e.g., ,‫ حرره مَن‬,‫ حماه مَن‬,‫مَنعه مَن‬
gracious; munificent, liberal, generous;
‫اعفاه مَن‬, etc.
benefactor; ‫( المنان‬one of the attributes of
through, by, via, (with verb, of motion God) the Benefactor
to denote the way, route, or means) │ ‫دخل‬
‫ مَنون‬manūn fate, destiny; fate of death,
‫ مَن الباب‬he entered through the gate; ‫مَن‬
death
‫ طريق الراديو‬by radio
‫ امَتنان‬grateful obligation, indebtedness,
than (with the comparative) │ ‫اقوى مَن‬
obligedness, gratitude
aqwā min an too strong as to ..., too strong
for ... ‫ مَمنون‬indebted, obligated, obliged,
grateful, thankful (‫ ل‬to s.o.); weak,
due to, owing to, for, because of; at,
languid
about (with verbs denoting emotions; as,
for instance, “be amazed”, “be delighted”, ‫ مَمنونية‬mamnūnīya grateful obligation,
“he glad”, etc.), e.g., ‫ دهش مَن‬,‫تعجب مَن‬, etc. indebtedness, obligedness, gratitude
‫ مَمتن‬mumtann indebted. much obliged ( ‫ مَنطوفلة‬manṭūfla (syr.) slipper
‫ ل‬to s.o.) 925 ‫ مَنع‬mana‘a a (man‘) to stop, detain, keep from
‫ مَنتول‬mintūl menthol entering or passing (‫ ه‬s.o.); to hinder,
prevent (‫ هـ‬s.th.; ‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن ه‬s.o. from),
‫ مَنجنيق‬manjanīq f., pl. -āt, ‫ مَجانق‬majāniq2
keep, restrain, hold back (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ مَن‬or ‫عن‬
mangonel, ballista, catapult
from); to bar, block, obstruct (‫ هـ ه‬s.o.’s
‫ مَنجو‬mangū mango way or access to); to withdraw, take away
‫ مَنح‬manaḥa a (manḥ) to grant, give, accord, (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬or ‫ هـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.), deprive (
award (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), bestow, confer ( ‫هـ‬ ‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬or ‫ هـ ه‬s.o. of); to forbid, interdict
‫ ه‬upon s.o. s.th.) III to bestow favor (‫ه‬ (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬or ‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), prohibit (‫مَن‬
upon s.o.) or ‫ عن‬or ‫ هـ ه‬s.o. from); to decline to
accept, declare impossible or out of the
‫ مَنح‬manḥ granting, giving, donation, question (‫ ان‬that); to refuse, deny (‫ عن هـ‬or
bestowal, conferment, award(ing) ‫ ه هـ‬s.th. to s.o.), withhold (‫ عن هـ‬or ‫ه هـ‬
‫ مَنحة‬minḥa pl. ‫ مَنح‬minaḥ act of s.th. from s.o.); to stop, cease (‫ هـ‬doing
kindness; privilege; gift, present, s.th., ‫ عن‬with regard to s.o.), abstain,
donation, grant, favor, benefit, refrain (‫ هـ‬from doing s.th., ‫ عن‬with regard
benefaction; compensation; remuneration, to s.o.); to ward off, avert, keep, keep
allowance, indemnity (jur.); scholarship, away (‫ عن هـ‬s.th. from s.o.); to protect,
stipend │ ‫ مَنحة القامَة‬m. al-iqāma living guard (‫ مَن ه‬s.o. from), defend (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫هـ‬
allowance; ‫( مَنحة جامَعية‬jāmi‘īya) academic s.th., ‫ عن‬against); -- manu‘a u (‫ مَناع‬manā‘,
scholarship; ‫ مَنحة السكنى‬m. as-suknā ‫ مَناعة‬manā‘a) to be strongly fortified,
housing allowance, rent allowance inaccessible, impregnable; to be
unconquerable, invincible, insurmountable
‫ مَانح‬māniḥ donor, giver, granter II to fortify, strengthen, make inaccessible
1
‫ مَندل‬mandal see ‫ندل‬ (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to put up resistance, act in
2 opposition (‫ ه‬to s.o.), oppose, counteract (‫ه‬
‫ مَنديل‬mandīl, mindīl pl. ‫ مَناديل‬manādīl2
s.o.), work against s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to stand up, rise
kerchief; handkerchief; head kerchief
(‫ ه‬against s.o.); to resist, oppose (‫ في‬s.th.),
‫ مَنذ‬mundu and ‫ مَذ‬mud 1. (prep.) since, for; ago offer resistance, object, raise objections (
│ ‫( مَنذ شهر‬šahr) for a month (past), since ‫ في‬to s.th.), revolt, rebel (‫ في‬against s.th.);
one month ago; a month ago; ‫مَنذ ايام‬ to refuse, deny (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. s.th.) V to refuse,
(ayyām) for the past few days; a few days decline (‫ عن‬to do s.th.); to desist, refrain,
ago; ‫‘( مَنذ عقد قريب‬aqd) of late, lately, abstain, keep (‫ عن‬from s.th., from doing
recently; ‫( مَنذ الن‬āna) from now on, s.th.), forbear, leave off (‫ عن‬s.th.), stop,
henceforth; ‫( مَنذ اليوم‬yaum) as of today, cease (‫ عن‬doing s.th.), avoid (‫ عن‬s.th. or
from this day on doing s.th.); to 926 be or become
2. (conj.) since, ever since, from the inaccessible, unassailable, impregnable; to
time when │ ‫( مَنذ كنت طفل صغيرا‬ṭiflan) strengthen, grow in strength; to seek
since I was a small child protection (‫ ب‬with or in) VIII to refrain,
abstain, keep (‫ عن‬from doing s.th.),
‫ بحر المنش‬baḥr al-manš the Sea of Le Manche, forbear (‫ عن‬s.th.), stop, cease (‫ عن‬doing
i.e., the English Channel s.th.); to be prevented (‫ عن‬from); to be
‫ مَنشوبية‬manšūbīya (from Copt. manšōpi) cell, impossible (‫ على‬for s.o.); to refuse (‫ عن‬to
living quarters (Copt.-Chr.) do s.th.), decline, turn down (‫ عن‬s.th.); to
refuse to have anything to do (‫ على‬with),
‫ مَنشوري‬manšūrī Manchurian keep aloof (‫ على‬from)
‫ مَنصون‬manṣūn monsoon ‫ مَنع‬man‘ hindering, impeding,
‫ مَنطر‬manṭara to threw down, toss down obstruction; prevention, obviation,
preclusion; prohibition, interdiction, ban,
‫ مَنطق‬manṭaqa to gird (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with) II to gird
injunction; closure, stop, discontinuation,
o.s., swathe o.s. (‫ ب‬with), wind around
one’s body (‫ ب‬s.th.)
embargo; withdrawal, deprival, ‫ مَنغنيس‬manganīs manganese
dispossession; withholding, detention ‫ مَنغوليا‬mungūliyā Mongolia
‫ مَنعة‬manra resistance, power, force, ‫( مَنفيل‬It. manovella) manafella crank
vigor, strength, stamina, insuperability,
invincibility ‫ مَنلوج‬manalōg see ‫مَنولوج‬
‫ مَنيع‬manī‘ pl. ‫ مَنعاء‬muna‘ā’ (‫ مَنو‬and ‫ مَنا )مَنى‬manā u (manw) and ‫ مَنى‬manā
unapproachable, inaccessible, impervious, i (many) to put to the test, try, tempt,
impenetrable, forbidding; well-fortified; afflict (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with; of God); pass. ‫مَني‬
mighty, strong, powerful; impregnable, muniya to be afflicted (‫ ب‬with), be sorely
unconquerable; insurmountable, tried (‫ ب‬by), suffer, sustain, undergo,
insuperable, invincible, immune │ ‫مَنيع‬ experience (‫ ب‬s.th.), be affected, hit,
‫ الجانب‬strong, unassailable; ‫حاجز مَنيع‬ smitten, stricken (‫ ب‬by); to find by good
insurmountable barrier luck, be so fortunate as to find (‫ ل‬s.th.) II
to awaken the desire (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ ه‬in s.o. for),
‫ مَناعة‬manā‘a inaccessibility; strength, make s.o. (‫ )ه‬wish (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬for); to make (‫ه‬
impregnability; hardiness, sturdiness, s.o.) hope (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬for), give (‫ ه‬s.o.) reason
power of resistance; immunity (to a to hope (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬for), raise hopes (‫ ب‬or ‫هـهـ‬
disease, also dipl.); imperviousness, of) in s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to promise (‫ ب ه‬,‫ ان‬s.o. that)
impermeability, impenetrability, │ ‫( مَنى نفسه ب‬nafsahū) to indulge in the
forbiddingness hope of ..., have every hope that ... IV to
‫ امَنع‬amna‘2 harder to get at, more shed (‫ هـ‬blood); to emit, 927 ejaculate (‫هـ‬
forbidding; offering greater resistance sperm) V to desire (‫ هـ‬s.th.), wish (‫ هـ‬for
s.th.; ‫ هـ ل‬s.o. s.th.) X to practice onanism,
‫ مَمانعة‬mumāna‘a opposition; resistance,
masturbate
revolt, rebellion; O inductive resistance
(el.) ‫ مَنى‬manan and ‫ مَنية‬manīya pl. ‫مَنايا‬
manāyā fate, destiny, lot; fate of death;
‫ تمنع‬tamannu‘ rejection, refusal
death
‫ امَتناع‬imtinā‘ refraining, abstention (‫عن‬
‫ مَنى‬minan semen, sperm
from); refusal, denial; impossibility
‫ مَنوي‬minawī seminal, spermatic
‫ مَانع‬māni‘ hindering, forbidding, etc.,
see 1; preventive; prohibitive; - (pl. ‫مَوانع‬ ‫ مَنى‬minan m. and minā f. the valley of
mawāni‘2) hindrance, obstacle, Mina near Mecca
obstruction; impediment; a preventive, ‫ مَنية‬munya, minya pl. ‫ مَنى‬munan wish,
preservative, prophylactic; objection; (pl. desire; object of desire
-āt) O cutout, anti-interference device
(radio) │ ‫( مَا رأى مَانعا‬ra’ā) to have no ‫ امَنية‬umnīya pl. ‫ امَان‬amānin, ‫امَاني‬
objections; ‫ لَ مَانع‬māni‘a there is nothing amānīy wish, demand, claim, desire,
in the way, nothing prevents me (you, etc.) longing, aspiration
from (‫)عن‬ ‫ تمنية‬tamniya and ‫ امَناء‬imnā’ emission,
‫ مَمنوع‬mamnā‘ forbidden, prohibited, ejaculation of the sperm
banned, interdicted; indeclinable (gram.) ‫ تمن‬tamannin pl. -āt wish; desire;
│ ‫ مَمنوع التدخين‬no smoking! ‫ مَمنوع الدخول‬no request
admittance! keep out! off limits!
‫ استمناء‬istimnā’ self-pollution,
‫ مَمنوعية‬mamnū‘īya forbiddenness masturbation, onanism
‫ مَمتنع‬mumtani‘ refraining, abstaining, ‫ مَنولوج‬manolōj, monolōg pl. -āt monologue;
forbearing; rejecting, refusing; prevented; (cabaret) act │ ‫( مَنولوجات فكاهية‬fukāhīya)
forbidden, interdicted, prohibited, banned; skits, comic sketches, music-hall songs
inaccessible (‫ على‬to s.o.); forbidding,
inscrutable, impenetrable, elusive; ‫ مَنومَتر‬manūmitr pl. -āt manometer, pressure
difficult to imitate; impossible gauge
‫ المنيا‬al-minyā El Minya (city in central Egypt) ‫ مَمهد‬mumahhad leveled, smoothed,
smooth, even, level; well-ordered,
‫ مَهجة‬muhja pl. ‫ مَهج‬muhaj, ‫ مَهجات‬muhajāt
wellarranged, well-prepared; prepared,
lifeblood, heartblood; heart; innermost
cleared, open (way); paved (road)
self, intrinsic nature, core; soul; life │
‫( طعنت المَال في مَهجتها‬ṭu‘inat) hopes ‫ مَماهد‬mumāhad paved, improved (road)
received the deathblow 928
1
‫ مَهد‬II to spread out evenly (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to smooth, ‫ مَهر‬mahara u a (mahr, ‫ مَهار‬mahār, ‫مَهارة‬
smoothen (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pave (‫ هـ‬a road); to mahāra, ‫ مَهور‬muhūr) to be skillful, adroit,
flatten, plane, make even or level (‫ هـ‬s.th.): dexterous, skilled, adept, proficient,
to arrange, settle, straighten, put in order ( expert, experienced, seasoned; -- u a
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to free from obstacles, clear, pave (mahr) to give a dower (‫ ها‬to the bride) III
(‫ هـ‬s.th.; esp., the way, ‫ ل‬for or to); to to vie in skill (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to give a
make easy, facilitate, ease, make easily dower (‫ ها‬to the bride)
accessible (‫ هـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.): to get ready, ‫ مَهر‬mahr pl. ‫ مَهور‬muhūr dower, bridal
prepare (‫ هـ‬s.th.), make (‫ هـ‬a bed, etc.); to money; price, stake; ransom
pass (‫ الكرة‬al-kurata the ball, ‫ ل‬to s.o.);
(verb alone, without qualifying direct ‫ مَهر‬muhr, pl. ‫ امَهار‬amhār, ‫ مَهارة‬mihāra
object) to pave, open, clear, or prepare the foal, colt
way (‫ ب ل‬for s.th. by or with), open, ‫ مَهرة‬muhra pl. ‫ مَهر‬muhar, ‫مَهرات‬
prepare, begin, start, initiate, bring about, muharāt filly
set in motion (‫ ب ل‬s.th. by or with) V to be
paved, be clear or cleared, be or become ‫ مَهارة‬mahāra skillfulness, adroitness,
open (way); to be or get settled or dexterity, skill, expertness, proficiency,
arranged; to go smoothly, go well, come adeptness
off well; to be in order, be put in order, get ‫ مَاهر‬māhir pl. ‫ مَهرة‬mahara skillful,
straightened out adroit, dexterous, skilled, proficient,
‫ مَهد‬mahd pl. ‫ مَهود‬muhūd bed; cradle │ adept, expert, practiced, experienced,
‫( مَن المهد على اللحد‬laḥd) from cradle to seasoned
grave; ‫ قتله في مَهده‬to nip s.th. in the bud; ‫كان‬ 2
‫ مَهر‬muhr seal, signet; stamp
‫ في مَهد‬to be still in its beginnings or
infancy, not have progressed beyond the ‫ مَهردار‬muhrədār keeper of the seal
early stages ‫ مَهرجان‬mahrajān, mihrajān pl. -āt festival,
‫ مَهاد‬mihād place of rest, resting place; festivity, celebration │ ‫مَهرجان بريطانيا‬
bed; bosom, pale, fold (fig., in which s.th. Festival of Britain
rests) ‫ مَهك‬mahaka a (mahk) to grind, crush, bruise,
‫ تمهيد‬tamhīd smoothing, leveling, pound
paving; facilitation, easing; preparation; ‫ مَهكة‬makha, muhka freshness of youth,
foreword, preface, proem; introduction; bloom of youth
preliminaries │ ‫ تمهيد ل‬in order to facilitate
‫ مَهل‬mahala a (mahl, ‫ مَهلة‬muhla) to tarry,
...; in preparation of ..., as a preliminary
dawdle, be slow, take one’s time (‫ في‬in
step toward ..., for the purpose of ...
s.th.) II and IV to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) time, grant (
‫ تمهيدي‬tamhīdī introductory, prefatory, ‫ ه‬s.o.) a respite or delay V to be slow,
preliminary, preparatory │ ‫اجراءات تمهيدية‬ proceed slowly and deliberately (‫ في‬in
(ijrā’āt) preliminaries; preliminary s.th.) │ ‫( تمهل في خطاه‬kuṭāhu) to slacken
proceedings (jur.); ‫( حكم تمهيدي‬ḥukm) one’s pace; ‫ تمهل يقول‬he said slowly ... VI =
interlocutory decree, interlocutory V; X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for a respite; to ask (‫ه‬
judgment (jur.); ‫( قرار تمهيدي‬qarār) s.o.) to wait
provisional in, junction, temporary
‫ مَهل‬mahl, mahal slowness,
restra.ining order (jur.); ‫( شرح تمهيدي‬šarh)
leisureliness, ease; leisure; ‫ مَهلا‬mahlan
prefatory remarks
slowly, leisurely, in no hurry │ ‫على مَهل‬
slowly, leisurely, in no hurry; ‫مَهلك‬ ‫ مَهاة‬mahāh pl. ‫ مَهوات‬mahawāt, ‫ مَهيات‬mahayāt
mahlaka easy does it! take it easy! ‫على‬ wild cow
‫ مَهلك‬take it easy! take your time! 1
(‫ مَاء )مَوء‬mā’a u (‫ مَواء‬muwā’) to mew, miaow
‫ مَهلة‬muhla respite, delay; time limit for ‫ مَواء‬muwā’ mewing, miaow (of a cat)
a decision, time to think s.th. over
2
‫ مَاء‬and ‫ مَائي‬see ‫مَوء‬
‫ مَهيلة‬muhaila large boat (ir.)
‫ مَوبيليات‬mōbīlīyāt (pl.) furniture
‫ امَهال‬imhāl grant of respite, concession
of a delay (‫ مَات )مَوت‬māta u (maut) to die; to perish; to
lose life, become dead; to abate, subside,
‫ امَهالي‬imhālī tending to delay, dilatory die down, let up (wind, heat) II and IV to
‫ تمهل‬tamahhul slowness deliberateness make (‫ ه‬s.o.) die, let (‫ ه‬s.o.) perish; to kill,
│ ‫ بتمهل‬slowly; gradually put to death (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be the death of s.o.
(‫)ه‬, cause the death of s.o. (‫ )ه‬IV to mortify
‫ مَتمهل‬mutamahhil slow, deliberate,
(‫ نفسه‬o.s., one’s flesh); to suppress, deaden
leisurely, unburned, easy
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to feign death, pretend to be
‫ مَتماهل‬mutamāhil leisurely, dead; to feign weakness; to be sluggish,
comfortable, easy, unhurried, slow listless, slack (‫ في‬in s.th.) X to seek death;
‫ مَهما‬mahmā (conj.) whatever, to defy death, sacrifice o.s., risk one’s life;
whatsoever; no matter how much, to strive desperately (‫ في‬for), make
however much, much as ...; whenever │ َ‫م‬ desperate efforts <..i in order to); to tight
‫( هما يكن مَن المَر‬yakun, amr) whatever the desperately
case may be, be it as it may ‫ مَوت‬maut and ‫ مَوتة‬mauta death;
‫ مَهن‬mahana u a (mahn, ‫ مَهنة‬mahna) to decease, demise │ ‫( مَوت ابيض‬abyaḍ)
serve (‫ ه‬s.o.); to humble, degrade, treat in natural death
a humiliating manner (‫ ه‬s.o.); to hackney, ‫ مَوات‬mawāt that which is lifeless an
wear out in common service, wear out by inanimate thing; barren, uncultivated land,
use (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- mahuna u (‫ مَهانة‬mahāna) wasteland
to be despicable, base, low, mean, menial
‫ مَوتان‬mautāni, mūtān dying, death;
III to practice (‫ هـ‬a profession) VIII to
epidemic, plague
humble, degrade, treat in a humiliating
manner (‫ ه‬s.o.); to revile (‫ ه‬s.o.); to despise ‫ مَيت‬mayit, mait pl. ‫ امَوات‬amwāt, ‫مَوتى‬
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to employ for menial services (‫ه‬ mautā lifeless inanimate, dead, deceased
s.o.); to hackney, wear out in common ‫ مَيتة‬maita corpse, carcass, carrion; meat
service, wear out by use (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to of an animal not slaughtered in
practice professionally, as a trade (‫ هـ‬s.th.) accordance with ritual requirements (Isl.
‫ مَهنة‬mihna pl. ‫ مَهن‬mihan work, job, Law)
occupation, calling, vocation, profession, ‫ مَيتة‬mīta manner of death │ ‫مَيتة البطال‬
trade, business death of a hero, death in battle
‫ مَهني‬mihnī professional, vocational; ‫ مَمات‬mamāt place where s.o. died;
gainfully employed │ ‫( الرشاد المهني‬iršād) decease, death
vocational guidance 929
‫ امَاتة‬imāta killing; mortification (of the
‫ مَهين‬mahīn pl. ‫ مَهناء‬muhanā’2 despised, flesh)
despicable, contemptible, vile
‫ استماتة‬istimāta death defiance;
‫ امَتهان‬imtihān degradation, humiliation, desperate effort, desperate struggle (‫في‬
contempt, disdain; abuse, misuse, for)
improper treatment
‫ مَائت‬mā’it dying, moribund, mortal
‫ مَاهن‬māhin pl. ‫ مَهان‬muhhān menial
servant ‫ مَميت‬mumīt lethal, fatal, mortal, deadly
│ ‫( خاطئة مَميتة‬kāṭi’a) mortal sin
‫ مَمات‬mumāt antiquated, obsolete ‫ مَتموج‬mutamawwij surging, rolling,
undulating, undulant, wavelike,
‫ مَستميت‬mustamīt death-defying,
undulatory; wavy (hair) │ ‫الحمى المتموجة‬
reckless, heroin; martyr; suffering a
(ḥummā) undulant fever, Malta fever,
martyr’s death
brucellosis (med.)
‫( مَوتوسيكل‬Fr. motocycle) mōtōsīkil pl. -āt
‫ مَتماوج‬mutamāwij undulate, waved,
motorcycle
wavy, rippled; curled
(‫ مَاج )مَوج‬māja u (mauj, ‫ مَوج‬mawajān) to
‫ مَودة‬mōda pl. -āt fashion, style; fashionable;
heave, swell, roll, surge (sea); to be
pl. hat fashions, millinery │ ‫ على المودة‬of
excited, agitated (‫ ب‬by) II to ripple (‫ هـ‬the
the latest fashion, fashionable, modish,
surface of water, etc.); to wave (‫ هـ‬the
stylish
hair) V = I; to rise in waves; to ripple, be
rippled (as, the surface of water); to ‫ مَودل‬mōdel or ‫ مَوديل‬mōdēl pl. -āt model,
undulate, move in undulations; to sway, pattern
roll VI to be waved, be undulate; to form 1
(‫ مَار )مَور‬māra u (maur) to move to and fro,
an undulating line (‫ حول‬around); to flow, move from side to side V do.
flood, swell, surge
‫ مَوار‬mawwār O pendulum
‫ مَوج‬mauj pl. ‫ امَواج‬amwāj billows,
surges, seas, breakers; waves; ripples; -- ‫ تمور‬tamawwur swaying, swinging
(n. un. ‫ مَوجة‬mauja pl. -āt) billow, surge, motion; ‫ تمورا‬to and fro, back and forth
sea, breaker; wave; ripple; oscillation, 2
‫ مَار‬look up alphabetically and under ‫ مَر‬marra
vibration, undulation │ ‫ مَوج طويل‬long 3
wave (radio); ‫ مَوج قصير‬short wave (radio); ‫ المورة‬al-mōra Morea, Poloponnesus
‫( مَوج مَتوسط‬mutawassiṭ) medium wave □ ‫ مَوراتزم‬mūrātizm (eg.) rheumatism
(radio); ‫( امَواج صوتية‬ṣauṭīya) sound waves;
‫( امَواج مَستمرة‬mustamirra) continuous ‫ مَوراني‬mūrānī (syr.) = ‫ مَاروني‬look up
waves; ‫( امَواج مَضمحلة‬muḍmaḥilla) 930 alphabetically
damped waves; ‫( امَواج مَنعكسة‬mun‘akisa) ‫ مَورفين‬murfīn morphine
reflected waves, indirect waves; ‫امَواج‬
‫ مَورينة‬mūrīna pl. -āt wooden beam, rafter
(muwajjaha) directional beams (radio); O
‫( مَوجة حارة‬ḥārra) heat wave, hot spell; ‫ مَوز‬mauz (call.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬banana
‫ مَوجة الشباب‬m. aš-šabāb bloom of youth, 1
‫ مَاس‬mās diamond (cf. ‫ الماس‬alphabetically)
freshness of youth; ‫ سعة الموجة‬sa‘at al-m.
amplitude; ‫ طول الموجة‬ṭūl al-m. wave ‫ مَاسي‬māsī diamond (used attributively)
length (radio); ‫ مَوجة استنكار‬a wave of 2
‫ مَوسى‬mūsā f., pl. ‫ مَواس‬mawāsin, ‫ امَواس‬amwās
disapproval straight razor
‫ مَواج‬mawwāj undulating, undulant; 3
‫ مَوسى‬mūsā Moses │ ‫ سمك مَوسى‬samak m.
surging, rolling; waved, undulated, plaice, flounder (zool.)
undulate; O (pl. -āt) transmitter (radio)
‫ مَوسوي‬mūsawī Mosaic(al)
‫ تمويج‬tamwīj waving (of the hair) │ ‫التمو‬
‫ يج على البارد‬cold wave, permanent wave ‫( مَوسطردة‬It. mostarda) musṭarda mustard

‫ تموج‬tamawwuj pl. -āt oscillation, ‫ مَوسكو‬moskū, moskō Moscow


vibration; undulation, undulant motion; ‫ مَوسيقار‬mūsīqār musician
swaying, rolling │ ‫( تموجات صوتية‬ṣautīya)
‫ مَوسيقى‬mīsīqa (f.) music
sound waves; O ‫ تموج الهواء‬t. al-hawā’
atmospheric vibrations ‫ مَوسيقي‬mūsīqī musician; musical │ ‫آلة‬
‫ مَوسيقية‬musical instrument
‫ مَائج‬mā’ij surging, swelling, rolling,
tumultuous, stormy, high (sea) ‫ مَاش‬māš (n. un. ‫ )ة‬leguminous plant with black
edible grains, Indian pea (Phaseolus max.
‫ مَموج‬mumawwaj undulated, undulate,
L.; bot.)
waved, wavy, wavelike, undulatory
‫ الموصل‬al-maṣil Mosul (city in N Iraq) ‫ مَوم‬mūm wax
(‫ مَوضه )= مَوده‬mōḍa fashion, style ‫ مَومَياء‬mūmiyā’, ‫ مَومَية‬mūmiya pl. -āt mummy
‫ مَوق‬see ‫مَأق‬ (‫ مَان )مَون‬māna u (maun, ‫ مَؤنة‬mu’na) and II to
1 provision. supply with provisions (‫ ه‬s.o.);
‫ مَول‬II to make rich, enrich (‫ ه‬s.o.); to finance (
to provide, furnish, supply (‫ ب هـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.
‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be financed; to become rich,
or s.th. with) V to store up provisions, lay
wealthy X to become rich, wealthy
in provisions, provision o.s.
‫ مَال‬mal pl. ‫ امَوال‬amwāl property,
‫ مَونة‬mūna provisions; (eg.) mortar
possessions, chattels, goods; wealth,
affluence; fortune, estate; money; 931 ‫ تموين‬tamwīn food supply, provisioning;
income, revenue; assets, capital, stock, supply; replenishment
fund; (eg.) tax, esp., land tax; (Isl. Law) ‫ مَوانيء‬pl. ‫مَيناء‬
marketable title; pl. property, assets,
chattels, goods; pecuniary resources, ‫ مَونيخ‬mūnīk Munich
funds; taxes │ ‫ ذو مَال‬wealthy, rich; ‫مَال‬ (‫ مَاه )مَوه‬māha u (mauh) to mix (‫ ب هـ‬s.th.
‫( احتياطي‬iḥtyāṭī) reserve fund; ‫مَال الَطيان‬ with); -- u a (mauh, ‫ مَؤوه‬mu’ūh, ‫مَاهة‬
(eg.) land tax; ‫ مَال الحرام‬m. al-ḥarām ill- māha) to abound in water II to abound in
gotten gain; ‫( مَال الحكومَة‬eg.) taxes; ‫امَوال‬ water; to pour water (‫ هـ‬into), admix water
‫( مَقررة‬muqarrara) direct taxes; ‫مَال نقلي‬ (‫ هـ‬to); to thin, dilute, water down,
(naqlī) or ‫ مَال مَنقول‬movable property, adulterate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to falsify (‫ على‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.),
movables (Isl. Law); ‫ مَال ثابت‬landed misrepresent (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to feign, affect ( ‫على‬
property, real property, immovables; ‫مَال‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. toward s.o.); to camouflage (‫هـ‬
‫( غير مَتقوم‬mutaqawwim) thing without s.th.; Syr., mil.); to coat, overlay, plate ( ‫ب‬
commercial value (Isl. Law); ‫امَين المال‬ ‫ هـ‬a base metal with gold or silver) IV to
treasurer; ‫ بيت المال‬bait al-m. (public) add water (‫ هـ‬to)
treasury; ‫ رأس مَال‬etc., see ‫رأس‬
‫ مَاء‬mā’ pl. ‫ مَياه‬miyāh, ‫ امَواه‬amwāh
‫ مَالي‬mālī monetary, pecuniary, water; liquid, fluid; juice │ ‫كالماء الجاري‬
financial; finance (in compounds); fiscal; fluently, smoothly, like clockwork; ‫مَاء‬
financier, capitalist │ ‫( بت مَالي‬bait) finance ‫( ابيض‬abyaḍ) cataract (eye disease); ‫مَاء‬
house, banking house; ‫تضخم مَالي‬ ‫ الزهر‬m. az-zahr orange-blossom water; ‫مَاء‬
(taḍakkum) inflation; ‫( سنة مَالية‬sana) fiscal ‫ الشباب‬m. aš-šabāb freshness of youth,
year; ‫( غرامَة مَالية‬garāma) or ‫ عقوبة مَالية‬a prime of youth; ‫‘( مَاء عذب‬adb) fresh water,
fine potable water; ‫ مَاء غازي‬pl. ‫مَياه غازية‬
‫ مَالية‬mālīya monetary affairs, finance, carbonated water, mineral water; ‫مَاء‬
public revenue; finances, financial ‫ الكولونيا‬Eau de Cologne; ‫ مَاء الوجه‬m. al-
situation │ ‫ وزارة المالية‬finance ministry, wajh honor, decency, modesty, self-
treasury department respect; ‫ اراق مَاء وجهه‬arāqa mā’a wajhihī
to sacrifice one’s honor, abase o.s.; to
‫ مَوال‬mawwāl pl. -ūn (ir.) financier, dishonor, disgrace s.o.; ‫ بذل مَاء وجهه‬do.; ‫مَاء‬
capitalist ‫ الورد‬m. al-ward rose water; ‫مَياه اقليمية‬
‫ تمويل‬tamwīl financing; (eg.) tax-paying (iqlīmīya) territorial waters; ‫ مَياه المَطار‬m.
al-amṭār rain water; ‫( مَياه جوفية‬jaufīya)
‫ مَمول‬mumawwil pl. -ūn (eg.) taxpayer
ground water; ‫( مَياه ساحلية‬sāḥilīya) coastal
‫ مَمول‬mumawwal propertied, wealthy, waters; ‫ بنو مَاء السماء‬banū m. as-samā’ the
rich Arabs 932
‫ مَتمول‬mutamawwil rich, wealthy, well- ‫ مَاهي‬māhī and ‫ مَاوي‬māwī watery,
to-do; financier, capitalist aqueous, aquatic
2
‫ مَوال‬mawwāl pl. ‫ مَواويل‬mawāwīl2 a poem in ‫ مَائي‬mā’ī aquatic, water; liquid, fluid;
colloquial language, often sung to the hydraulic
accompaniment of a reed pipe
‫ مَاهية‬look up alphabetically
‫ مَواليا‬mawāliyā do.
‫ مَاوية‬māwīya and ‫ مَائية‬mā’īya juice, sap ‫ مَداليون‬madāliyōn medallion
1
‫ تمويه‬tamwīh coating, plating; clothing, (‫ مَار )مَير‬māra i (mair) and IV to provide (‫عياله‬
attire, garb; overfilling; feigning, ‘iyālahū for one’s family)
pretending, affectation; camouflage (syr., ‫ مَيرة‬mīra pl. ‫ مَير‬miyar provisions,
mil.); distortion (of facts), supplies, stores
misrepresentation, falsification │ ‫كأس‬
‫ التمويه‬ka’s at-t. overfull cup ‫ مَيار‬mayyār caterer, purveyor, supplier
2
‫ تمويهي‬tamwīhī feigned, sham, mock, ‫ مَيري‬mīrī (= ‫ )امَيري‬public, governmental,
make-believe │ ‫ غارة تمويهية‬mock attack, government-, satate- (in compounds);
feint fiscal; ‫ الميري‬the government, the fiso, the
exchequer │ ‫ مَال الميري‬government taxes;
‫ مَاوية‬see ‫مَوه‬ ‫ امَلك الميري‬government land
‫ مَيت‬and ‫ مَيتة‬see ‫مَوت‬ ‫ مَيرآلَى‬mīrālāy (formerly, Eg.) colonel
(‫ مَاح )مَيح‬māḥa i (maiḥ, ‫ مَيحوحة‬maiḥūḥa) to ‫ مَيرلواء‬mīrliwā’ (Ir.) brigadier general
strut, walk with affected dignity; to
3
waddle V and VI to reel, totter, stagger; to ‫( مَير‬Fr. maire) mēr pl. ‫ امَيار‬amyār (magr.)
swing X to ask (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. a favor), request ( mayor
‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫‘( استماح عذرا مَن‬udran) to ‫ مَيرون‬mairūn chrism (Chr.)
apologize for s.th.
(‫ مَاز )مَيز‬māza i (maiz) to separate, keep apart (
(‫ مَاد )مَيد‬māda i (maid, ‫ مَيدان‬mayadān) to be ‫ بين‬two things); to distinguish, honor,
moved, shaken, upset, shocked; to sway; favor (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to confer distinction (‫ه‬
to swing; to feel giddy, be dizzy; ‫ مَاد ب‬to upon s.o.), distinguish, commend, honor,
shake s.th. violently VI to sway back and favor (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ عن‬above s.o. else, also ‫;)على‬
forth, swing from side to side to distinguish, set aside, cause to stand out
‫ مَيدة‬mīda pl. ‫ مَيد‬miyad (eg.) lintel, (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ عن‬from); to 933 prefer (‫عن‬
breastsummer (arch.) ‫ هـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. to); to separate,
segregate, set apart, single out, select,
‫ مَيداء‬mīdā’ measure, amount, length, choose, pick (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to grant a
distance; mīdā’a (prep.) in front of, special right or privilege (‫ ه‬to s.o.),
opposite, facing privilege (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distinguish,
‫ مَيدان‬maidān, mīdān pl. ‫ مَيادين‬mayādīn2 differentiate, discriminate (‫ ه‬,‫ عن هـ‬s.o.,
square, open place, open tract; field; s.th. from, also ‫ مَن; بين‬between two things,
arena; battleground, battlefield; combat one thing from another) IV to distinguish,
area, fighting zone; race course, race mark (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to prefer (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be
track; playground (fig.); field, domain, set apart, be separated
line, sphere of activity │ ‫ مَيدان التدريب‬drill or separate, be distinct, be
ground; military training center; ‫مَيدان‬ distinguished, be differentiated; to
‫ الحرب‬m. al-ḥarb theater of war; ‫مَيدان السباق‬ distinguish o.s., be distinguished, be
race course, race track; ‫ مَيدان العمل‬m. marked, stand out; to be marked out with
al-‘amal field of activity, scope of action; distinction, be honored, be favored; to be
‫ مَيدان القتال‬battlefield; ‫ خرج مَن مَيدان العمل‬to preferred │ ‫( تميز غيظا‬gaiẓan) to burst with
be put out of servi-šce or commission; ‫ظهر‬ anger VI to distinguish o.s. (‫ في‬in); to
‫ في الميدان‬to turn up, appear on the scene; ‫في‬ differ VIII to distinguish o.s. (‫ ب‬by, ‫ في‬in
‫ مَيدان الشرف‬m. iš-šaraf on the field of s.th., ‫ عن‬or ‫ على‬above s.o. or s.th., ‫ مَن‬as
honor; ‫ مَدافع الميدان‬fieldpieces, field guns, compared with s.o. or s.th.); to be
infantry howitzers distinguished, be marked (‫ ب‬by); to be
‫ مَائد‬mā’id pl. ‫ مَيدى‬maidā dizzy, seasick characterized, be signalized (‫ ب‬by); to
excel, surpass, outdo, outshine (‫ عن‬or ‫على‬
‫ مَائدة‬mā’ida pl. -āt, ‫ مَوائد‬mawā’id2 table
s.o. or s.th.); to have the advantage, take
│ ‫ مَائدة التشريح‬operating table; ‫ مَائدة الزينة‬m.
preference (‫ على‬over), be preferred (‫على‬
az-zīna dressing table; ‫ مَائدة السفرة‬m. as-
sufra dining table
to); to differ (‫ مَن‬or ‫ على‬from s.o., ‫ في‬or ‫ب‬ outstanding, characterized by distinctive
in, in that ...) traits, characteristic
‫ مَيز‬maiz distinction; favoring, ‫ مَمتاز‬mumtāz distinguished,
preferment differentiated; exquisite, select, choice,
rare; outstanding, superior, first-rate, first-
‫ مَيزة‬mīza peculiarity, distinguishing
class, top-notch, exceptional, excellent;
feature, distinctive mark, essential
privileged; special, extra; (as an
property, characteristic; prerogative,
examination grade) passed with
priority right
distinction, excellent │ ‫درجة مَمتازة‬
‫ امَيز‬amyaz 2 preferable (‫ على‬to) (daraja) special class; ‫( ديون مَمتازة‬duyūn)
‫ تمييز‬tamyīz distinction; preference; privileged debts, preferred debts; ‫عدد مَمتاز‬
preferment, favoring, favoritism, (‘adad) special issue (of a periodical) 934
preferential treatment; privileging; ‫( مَيزانين‬It. mezzanino) mēzānīn mezzanine
partiality; separation, segregation, sifting,
(‫ مَاس )مَيس‬māsa i (mais, ‫ مَيسان‬mayasān) to
singling out; specification (gram.);
move to and fro, swing from side to side;
differentiation; discrimination, judgment,
to walk with a proud, swinging gait V to
discretion, common sense; realization,
walk with a proud, swinging gait
discernment, conscious perception;
deliberate intention │ ‫ سن التمييز‬sinn at-t. ‫ مَيس‬mais proud gait; proud bearing
age of discretion (jur.); ‫مَحكمة التمييز‬ ‫ مَيس‬mīs pl. ‫ امَياس‬amyās (eg.) target
maḥkamat at-t. court of cassation (Syr.);
‫ مَن غير تمييز‬unwittingly, unintentionally, ‫ مَياس‬mayyās walking with a lofty,
with no definite purpose in mind; ‫اخرجه عن‬ proud gait, strutting
‫( دائرة التمييز‬akrajahū) to deprive s.o. of his 2
‫( مَيس‬Engl. mess), ‫ مَيس الضباط‬m. aḍ-ḍubbāṭ
clear judgment, rob s.o. of his senses officers mess
‫ امَتياز‬imtiyāz pl. -āt distinction, (mark (‫ مَاط )مَيط‬māṭa i (maiṭ, ‫ مَيطان‬mayaṭān) to
of) honor; advantage, benefit, merit; remove, pull away, draw back (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV
difference, distinction, differentiation, do. │ ‫ امَاط اللثام عن‬to disolose, uncover,
discrimination; special right, privilege; reveal s.th., bring s.th. to light
concession, patent, permit, license,
franchise; (oil) concession; prerogative, (‫ مَاع )مَيع‬mā‘a i (mai‘ to flow; to spread; to
priority right │ ‫( الَمَتيازات الجنبية‬ajnabiya) melt, dissolve (fat) II to soften, attenuate,
the capitulations (of Western powers in the dilute, liquefy (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to melt, liquefy
Orient) ; ‫ الَمَتيازات الدبلومَاسية‬diplomatic (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V and VII to be melted, melt,
privileges; ‫ صاحب الَمَتياز‬holder of the dissolve
concession, concessionaire, responsible ‫ مَيع‬mai‘ flowing, flow; liquidity,
publisher of a newspaper fluidity
‫ مَميز‬mumayyiz distinguishing, ‫ مَيعة‬mai‘a storax, a kind of incense
distinctive; characteristic, peculiar, proper; obtained from the storax tree, resin of the
discriminating, discerning, reasonable, storax tree (Styrax offioinalis); prime,
rational (Isl. Law) bloom (of youth); indulgence,
‫ مَميزة‬mumayyiza pl. -āt distinguishing compliance; unstableness, unsteadiness
feature, distinctive mark, characteristic ‫ مَيوعة‬muyū‘a liquid state; unstableness,
trait, peculiarity; distinction, (mark of) unsteadiness
honor; advantage, merit
‫ امَاعة‬imā‘a melting, liquefaction
‫ مَميز‬mumayyaz distinguished,
preferred, favored, privileged; distinct, ‫ تميع‬tamayyu‘ liquescence, liquefaction
separate, special ‫ مَائع‬mā’i‘ melting, liquid, fluid;
‫ مَتميز‬mutamayyiz distinguished, liquescent, semiliquid; vague
distingue; marked, notable, prominent, (expression); undecided, pending. in flux
(situation)
‫( مَيكا‬Engl.) mica disposition, bent, leaning, inclination,
taste, desire, wish, longing; tendency,
‫ مَيكاني‬mikānī mechanical, mechanize
trend, drift (‫ الى‬to, toward)
‫ مَيكانيكا‬mīkānīkāhlnlhl meohanios
‫ مَيال‬mayyāl inclined, favorably
‫ مَيكانيكي‬mīkānīkī mechanical, automatic, disposed (‫ الى‬to), leaning (‫ الى‬toward); in
mechanized, mechanic; motorized; a favor (‫ الى‬of), biased (‫ الى‬toward or for)
mechanic
‫ امَيل‬amyal2 more inclined, strongly
‫ مَيكروب‬mikrūb pl. -āt microbe inclined (‫ الى‬to), more in favor (‫ الى‬of)
‫ مَيكروفون‬mikrōfōn pl. -āt microphone ‫ امَالة‬imāla pronunciation of a shaded
1
(‫ مَال )مَيل‬mīla i (mail, ‫ مَيلان‬mayalān) to bend, toward e (gram.)
bend down (‫ الى‬to; ‫ على‬over); to bow ‫ تمايل‬tamāyul reel(ing), swaying,
down, lean over, turn (‫ على‬to s.o.); to tottering, stagger(ing), waver(ing);
incline, slope, slant, tilt, tip, be inclined, vibration
slanting, oblique; to incline, tend. be
‫ مَائل‬mā’il inclining (‫ الى‬to or toward);
favorably disposed (‫ الى‬to), have a
bending down, bowing down, leaning
predilection, a liking, an inclination, a
over; bent, tilted; sloping, declivitous
propensity (‫ الى‬for), feel sympathy (‫الى‬
(terrain); inclined, slanting, oblique │ ‫سطح‬
for). sympathize (‫ الى‬with), favor (‫ الى‬s.o.);
‫( مَائل‬saṭḥ) inclined plane (math.)
to take side, to side (‫ مَع‬with), be partial,
2
biased, prejudiced; to lean (‫ على‬against); to ‫ مَيل‬mīl pl. ‫ امَيال‬amyāl mile (= 4000 ‫;)ذراع‬
revolt, rebel (‫ على‬against), be hostile (‫على‬ milestone │ ‫( مَيل بحري‬baḥrī) nautical
to s.o.); to be disinclined, be averse (‫ عن‬to mile, knot
s.th.); to have an antipathy, a distaste, a 3
‫ مَيلي‬milli-, 1/1000 (in measures)
dislike (‫ عن‬for); to deviate, digress, turn
away, depart (‫ عن‬from); ‫ مَال به الى‬to drag or (‫ مَان )مَين‬māna i (main) to lie, tell a lie
take s.o. or s.th. along to ...; -- (‫مَيول‬ ‫ مَين‬main pl. ‫ مَيون‬muyūn lie, falsehood,
muyūl) to prepare to set (sun); to decline, untruth
draw to its end (day, night); -- ‫ مَيل‬mayila
a (mayal) to be bent, bowed, tilted, ‫ مَيان‬mayyān and ‫ مَائن‬mā’in liar
averted, turned aside II and IV to incline, 1
‫ مَيناء‬mīnā and ‫ مَيناء‬mīnā’ glaze, glazing;
tip, tilt, bend, bow (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ه‬ enamel (of the teeth; as a coating of metal,
s.o.) inclined, sympathetic or favorably glass, or pottery); (pl. ‫ مَوانئ‬mawāni’) dial
disposed (‫ نحو‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o., to s.th.), (of a watch or clock) │ ‫( مَطلى بالمينا‬maṭlīy)
incline, dispose (‫ ه‬s.o.’s mind ‫ نحو‬or ‫ الى‬to), enamel-coated, enameled
fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with sympathy (‫ الى‬for); to 2
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) disinclined or averse (‫ عن‬to), ‫مَيناء‬mīnā’ f. and ‫ مَينة‬mīna pl. ‫ مَوان‬mawānin,
turn s.o.’s mind (‫ )ه‬away from (‫)عن‬, ‫ مَين‬miyan port, harbor, anchorage │ ‫مَيناء‬
alienate (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from) V and VI to reel, ‫( جوية‬jawwīya) airport
totter, stagger; to waver (tone); to sway,
swing X to cause to incline, incline, tip,
tilt (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ الى‬to or toward); to win (‫ ه‬s.o.,
also ‫ القلوب‬the hearts), attract, win over, ‫ن‬
bring to one’s side (‫ ه‬s.o.), gain favor (‫ه‬
with s.o.), win s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬affection
‫ مَيل‬mail pl. ‫ مَيول‬muyūl, ‫ امَيال‬amyāl ‫ نابلس‬nābulus2 Nablus (town in W Jordan)
inclination, tilt; bend, turn, deflection;
‫ نابلي‬nābulī or ‫ نابولي‬nābūlī Napoli, Naples
obliqueness, obliquity, slant; slope,
(seaport in S Italy)
incline, declivity; deviation, divergence,
declination (astron.); affection (‫ الى‬for), ‫ نارجيل‬nārajīl coconut(s) (coll.)
935 attachment (‫ الى‬to); predilection, ‫ نارجيلة‬nārajīla (n. un.) coconut; Persian
liking, sympathy (‫ الى‬for); propensity, water pipe, narghile
‫ ناردين‬nāradīn nard, spikenard in a slanting forward position (unlike a
German flute)
‫ نارنج‬naranj bitter orange
‫ انبوب‬unbūb and ‫ انبوبة‬unbūba pl. ‫انابيب‬
‫ نازي‬nāzī Nazi
anābīb2 ‫على‬int (of a knotted stem), part
‫ نازية‬nāzīya Nazism between two nodes; tube, pipe, conduit,
‫ ناس‬nās men, people, folks (cf. ‫)انس‬ conduit pipe, main duct; tube (e.g., of
toothpaste); light bulb │ ‫ انبوب الرئة‬u. ar-
‫ ناسوت‬nāsūt human nature, humanity ri’a windpipe, trachea (anat.); ‫انبوب‬
1
‫ نأم‬na’ama i a to sound, resound, ring out; to ‫ الطوربيد‬torpedo tube; ‫( انبوب مَفرغ‬mufarrag)
groan, moan vacuum tube (radio); ‫ خط النابيب‬kaṭṭ al-a.
pipeline
‫ نأمَة‬na’ma noise, sound, tone
2
‫ انبوبي‬unbūbī tubular, tube-shaped,
‫ نؤوم‬na’um see ‫نوم‬ fistulous; pipe- (in compounds)
‫ نامَوس‬nāmūs pl. ‫ نوامَيس‬nawāmīs2 law; rule; ‫ نبأ‬naba’a a (‫ نبء‬nab’, ‫ نبوء‬nubū’) to be high,
honor; see also ‫نمس‬ raised, elevated, protruding, projecting,
1
‫ نأى‬na’ā a (na’y) to be far, far away, distant, prominent; to overcome, overpower,
remote (‫ عن‬from), keep away, stay away, overwhelm (‫ على‬s.o.); to turn away,
keep at a distance, remain aloof, go away, withdraw, shrink (‫ عن‬from); to be repelled,
move away, depart, absent o.s. (‫ عن‬from), repulsed, sickened, disgusted, shocked (‫عن‬
leave (‫ عن‬s.th., s.o.) III to keep far away, by) II to inform, notify, tell, advise (‫ عن‬or
keep at a distance (‫ عن هـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. ‫ ب ه‬s.o. of s.th.), let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ عن‬or ‫ب‬
from), keep a wide distance (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬between about), make known, announce, impart,
s.o. or s.th., ‫ عن‬and) IV to remove, move communicate (‫ عن‬or ‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to be
away, take away, place at a distance (‫عن ه‬ evidence (‫ عن‬of), show, indicate, manifest,
s.o. from) VI to move away, move apart, bespeak, reveal, disclose (‫ عن‬s.th.) IV to
draw sway from one another; to be away inform, notify, tell, advise (‫ ب ه‬s.o. of), let
from one another, be at a distance, be (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ ب‬about), make known,
separated, be apart; to keep away, stand announce, impart, communicate (‫ ب ه‬to
aloof, be away, be at a distance (‫ عن‬from) s.o. s.th.) V to predict, foretell, forecast,
VIII to 936 be away, be at a distance (‫عن‬ prognosticate, presage, prophesy (‫ ب‬s.th.);
from); to go away, move away, draw to claim to be a prophet, pose as a prophet
away, depart, absent o.s. (‫ عن‬from), leave ( X to ask for news, for information (‫ ه‬s.o.);
‫ عن‬s.th., s.o.) to inquire (‫ هـ‬after), ask (‫ هـ‬about)
‫ نأي‬na’y remoteness ‫ نبأ‬naba’ pl. ‫ انباء‬anbā’ news, tidings
information, intelligence; announcement,
‫ نأي‬na’y and ‫ نؤى‬nu’ā pl. ‫ آناء‬anā’, ‫انآء‬
report, news item, dispatch │ ‫وكالة النباء‬
an’ā’ ditch
wakālat al-a. or ‫ مَكتب النباء‬maktab al-a.
‫ انأى‬an’ā farther away, remoter, more news agency, wire service
distant
‫ نبأة‬nab’a faint noise, low sound
‫ مَنأى‬man’an distant place │ ‫كان بمنأى عن‬
‫ نبوءة‬nubū’a pl. -āt prophecy
to keep away from, remain aloof from,
keep out of, not get involved in, refuse to ‫ انباء‬inbā’ pl. -āt notification,
have anything to do with information, communication
‫ تناء‬tanā’in great distance, remoteness ‫ تنبؤ‬tanabbu’ pl. -āt prediction, forecast,
prognostication, prophecy
‫ ناء‬nā’in far, far away, distant, remote;
outlying, out-of-the-way, secluded ‫ نبت‬nabata u (nabt) to grow (esp., of plants,
2 also, e.g., of teeth); to sprout, germinate;
‫ ناي‬nāy pl. -āt nay, a flute without mouth-
to produce plants, bring forth vegetation
piece, made of bamboo, rarely of wood, in
(soil) II to plant, sow, seed (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to
different sizes, which, when blown, is held
germinate, cause to sprout (‫ هـ‬a seed); to
make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) grow; to grow, plant, repudiate, remove, eliminate, dismiss,
cultivate (‫ هـ‬s.th ) X to plant, cultivate, abandon, forsake, give up, renounce (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
grow, raise (‫ هـ‬plants); to breed (‫ هـ‬plants), s.o., s.th.); to withdraw, turn away (‫هـ‬
culture (‫ هـ‬e.g., bacteria) from), relinquish, forswear (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
break, violate, infringe (‫ هـ‬a contract, a
‫ نبت‬nabt germination, sprouting;
treaty), default (‫ الى‬against s.o.) │ ‫نبذه نبذ‬
growth; vegetable growth, vegetation,
‫( النواة‬nabda n-nawāh) to reject or dismiss
plants; herbage, herbs, grass; sprout, plant
s.th. or s.o. with disdain, spurn or scorn
│ ‫ قوة النبت‬qūwat an-n. germinability,
s.th. or s.o. II = I; to press (‫ هـ‬grapes) III to
germinative faculty
separate, secede, withdraw (‫ ه‬from s.o.),
‫ نبتة‬nabta plant, sprout, shoot, seedling oppose, resist (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫( نابذة الحرب‬ḥarba)
‫ نبات‬nabāt (coll.) plants, vegetation; -- to declare war on s.o. IV to press (‫هـ‬
(pl. -āt) plant, vegetable organism; herb │ grapes) VI to be feuding nil to withdraw,
‫( نبات اقتصادي‬iqtiṣādī) economic 937 plant; retire, retreat │ ‫( انتبذ ناحية‬nāḥiyatan) to
‫ نبات الزينة‬n. az-zīna ornamental plant; ‫نبات‬ step aside, withdraw to one side; to retreat
‫( طبي‬ṭibbī) medicinal plant; ‫آكل النبات‬ into a comer
herbivorous animal; ‫ سكر النبات‬sukar an-n. ‫ نبذ‬nabd throwing away, discarding;
rock candy; ‫‘ علم النبات‬ilm an-n. botany rejection, repudiation, disavowal;
‫ نباتي‬nabātī vegetable, vegetal, plant- renunciation, resignation; surrender,
(in compounds); botanical; botanist; relinquishment, abandonment; (pl. ‫انباذ‬
vegetarian (adj. and n.) anbād) small amount, a little, a trifle,
bagatelle │ ‫ نبذ الطاعة‬insubordination
‫ نبوت‬nabbūt pl. ‫ نبابيت‬nabābīt2 (eg.)
quarterstaff, cudgel, bludgeon, club, ‫ نبذة‬nubda pl. ‫ نبذ‬nubad small piece,
truncheon, night stick part, portion, fragment, fraction, section;
(newspaper) article, story; tract, pamphlet,
‫ مَنبت‬manbat, manbit pl. ‫ مَنابت‬manābit2 leaflet; small ad(vertisement)
plantation, plant nursery, arboretum;
hotbed, birthplace, fountainhead, ‫ نبيذ‬nabīd cast-off, discarded, rejected,
headspring, origin, source disowned, repudiated, dismissed; (pl. ‫انبذة‬
anbida) wine │ ‫ روح النبيذ‬rūḥ an-n. spirits
‫ تنبيت‬tanbīt planting, cultivation, seed- of wine, alcohol
bed planting
‫ نابذ‬nābid: O ‫( القوة النابذة‬qūwa)
‫ استنبات‬istinbāt planting, cultivation, centrifugal force
growing
‫ مَنبوذ‬manbūd caot-off, discarded; cast-
‫ نابتة‬nābita generation out, ostracized, banished, expelled,
‫ مَستنبت‬mustanbat cultivated, grown, disowned, repudiated; abandoned;
raised, bred; plantation, nursery, culture │ foundling, waif; neglected, disregarded;
O ‫ مَستنبت البكتريا‬bacterial culture ‫ المنبوذون‬the untouchables (in India), the
pariahs
‫ نبح‬nabaḥa a (nabḥ, ‫ نباح‬nubāḥ, nibāḥ, ‫نبيح‬
nabīḥ to bark (‫ على‬at s.o.), bay (‫ على‬s.o.) ‫ نبر‬nabara i (nabr) to raise, elevate; to go up
VI to bark at each other; to bark with the voice, sing in a high, pitched
simultaneously, answer each other’s barks voice; to stress, emphasize, accentuate; to
(dogs, e.g., at night) shout, yell, scream (‫ ه‬at s.o.); to cry out
VIII to swell, become swollen
‫ نبح‬nabḥ, ‫ نباح‬nubāḥ, nibāḥ and ‫نبيح‬
nabīḥ barking, bark, baying, yelp(ing) ‫ نبر‬nabr accentuation, accent, stress,
emphasis
‫ نباح‬nabbāḥ barker, yelper
‫ نبر‬nibr and ‫ انبار‬anbār pl. ‫ انابر‬anābir2, ‫ا‬
‫ نبذ‬nabada i (nabd) to hurl, fling, throw, or ‫ نابير‬anābīr barn, shed, granary, storeroom,
toss, away (. s.th.); to reject, discard, storehouse, warehouse 938
spurn (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cut out, cast off,
ostracize, expel, banish, disown,
‫ نبرة‬nabra pl. nabarāt swelling, main-spring, coil spring, spiral spring │ ‫ناب‬
intumescence, protuberance; stress, ‫( ض بالحياة‬bi-l-ḥayāh) vibrant with life
accent, accentuation; tone (of the voice); ‫ مَنبض‬manbiḍ spot where the pulse or
pl. ‫ نبرات‬inflection of the voice, intonation, heartbeat is felt
cadence
‫ نبط‬nabaṭa u i (nabṭ, ‫ نبوط‬nubūṭ) to well out,
‫ مَنبر‬minbar pl. ‫ مَنابر‬manābīr2 mimbar; gush out, spout, issue, stream forth (water)
pulpit; rostrum, platform, dais II (eg.) to find fault (‫ على‬with s.o.), carp,
‫ مَنبار‬minbār pl. ‫ مَنابير‬manābīr gut, scoff, gibe, sneer (‫ على‬at s.o.) IV to cause (
intestine │ ‫( مَنبار مَحشي‬maḥšīy) sausage ‫ هـ‬s.th.) to gush out or well forth, bring (‫هـ‬
s.th.) to the surface; to find, discover (‫هـ‬
‫ نبراس‬nibrās pl. ‫ نباريس‬nabārīs2 lamp, light,
water, oil, etc.), come upon (‫)هـ‬, open up,
lantern │ ‫( اتخذ مَنه نبراسا‬ittakada) to take
tap (.a a source, a well, etc.) X to find,
s.o. for an example, model o.s. after s.o.
discover (‫الى‬I water, oil, etc.), come upon (
‫ نبز‬nabaza i (nabz) to give a derisive or ‫)هـ‬, open up, tap (‫ هـ‬a source, a well, etc.);
insulting name (‫ ه‬to s.o.) II do. to invent, discover, think up, devise,
‫ نبز‬nabaz pl. ‫ انباز‬anbāz nickname, design, contrive, find out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
sobriquet derive, extract, draw, take (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th.
from)
‫ نبس‬nabasa i (nabs, ‫ نبسة‬nubsa), to utter, say,
speak II do. │ ‫( مَا نبس بكلمة‬bikalima) he did ‫ نبط‬nabaṭ depth, deep, profundity; the
not say a word innermost, inmost part, core, heart

‫ نبش‬nabaša u (nabš) to excavate, dig ‫ النبط‬an-nabaṭ pl. ‫ النباط‬al-anbāṭ the


up, dig out of the ground, unearth, Nabateans
exhume, disinter (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to uncover, lay ‫ نبطي‬nabaṭī Nabatean (adj. and n.)
open, unveil, disclose, reveal, bring to
‫ استنباط‬isṭinbāt discovery, invention
light, bring out into the open (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to
search, rummage, burrow (‫ في‬in s.th.), ‫ مَستنبط‬mustanbiṭ discoverer, inventor
ransack, rifle (‫ في‬s.th.) ‫ مَستنبطات‬mustanbaṭāt discoveries,
‫ نبش‬nabš excavation, unearthing, inventions
digging up; examination, search, ‫ نبع‬naba‘a u i a (nab‘, ‫ نبوع‬nubū‘, ‫نبعان‬
exploration; uncovering, disclosure, naba‘ān) to well, well up, gush forth,
revelation │ ‫ نبش القبور‬desecration of flow, issue (‫ مَن‬from); to rise, spring,
graves, body snatching originate (river) IV to cause (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to
‫ نباش‬nabbāš gravedigger; body snatcher gush forth or flow out
‫ نبيش‬nabīš dug up, excavated ‫ نبع‬nab‘ a tree whose wood was used in
arrow-making; spring, source │ 939 ‫قرع‬
‫ انبوش‬unbūš and ‫ انبوشة‬unbūša pl. ‫انابيش‬
‫( النبع بالنبع‬nab‘a) approx.: to cross swords
anābīš excavation, excavated object
with the opponent
‫ نبض‬nabaḍa i (nabḍ, ‫ نبضان‬nabaḍān) to beat,
‫ مَنبع‬manba‘ pl. ‫ مَنابع‬manābi‘2 spring,
throb, pulsate, palpitate (heart, pulse); -- u
well; fountainhead, springhead, source,
(‫ نبوض‬nubūḍ) to flow off, run off, drain
origin │ ‫ مَنبع زيت‬m. zait or ‫ مَنبع بترول‬oil
(water)
well
‫ نبض‬nabḍ, nabaḍ pl. ‫ انباض‬anbāḍ
‫ ينبوع‬yanbū’ pl. ‫ ينابيع‬yanābī‘2 spring,
throbbing, throb, pulsation, palpitation;
source, well
pulse
‫ نبغ‬nabaga a u i (nabg, ‫ نبوغ‬nubūg) to arise,
‫ نبضة‬nabḍa, nabaḍa pulsation, pulse
emerge (‫ مَن‬from), come to the fore, come
beat
in eight, appear, show; to spread, diffuse,
‫ نابض‬nābiḍ pulsating, pulsative, be diffused; to have superior or
beating, throbbing, palpitating; spring, extraordinary qualities, stand out,
distinguish o.s., be distinguished, be
marked; to excel, be outstanding (‫ في‬in); ‫ الى‬or ‫)على‬, point out, show, indicate (‫ الى‬or
to be an outstanding, exceptional man, be ‫ على ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to inform, tell, apprise,
a genius notify (‫ الى‬or ‫ على ه‬s.o. of); to remind (‫الى ه‬
s.o. of); to inform, instruct, brief (‫ على ه‬s.o.
‫ نبوغ‬nubūg eminence, distinction;
about); to warn, caution (‫ ه‬s.o.); to wake,
superior or extraordinary qualities,
awakn, rouse (‫ مَن النوم ه‬s.o. from sleep); to
exceptional faculties, giftedness, talent,
arouse, alert, stir up, excite, stimulate (‫ه‬
genius; outstanding greatness, brilliancy,
s.o.) IV to awaken, rouse (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.th.) V
genius (of an artistic achievement)
to perceive, notice, note, realize (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.
‫ نابغ‬nābig outstanding, distinguished; th.), become aware, become conscious (‫ل‬
gifted, talented; man of genius, brilliant or ‫ الى‬of); to be alerted, have one’s
person attention drawn (‫ ل‬or ‫ على‬,‫ الى‬to), take
‫ نابغة‬nābiga pl. ‫ نوابغ‬nawābig2 a notice (‫ ل‬or ‫ على‬,‫ الى‬of), pay attention (‫ ل‬or
distinguished, famous, or outstanding ‫ على‬,‫ الى‬to), be mindful, heedful (‫ ل‬or ,‫الى‬
man, a poetic genius ‫ على‬of); to wake up, awaken; to come to,
regain consciousness (with ‫ لنفسه‬li-nafsihī)
‫ نبق‬nabq, nibq, nabaq, nabiq (coll.; n. un. ‫)ة‬ VIII to be on one’s guard, be wary,
nabk, a Christ’s-thorn (Zizyphus spina- cautious, careful; to be awake, alert,
christi; bot.); lotus fruit; lotu. blossom wakeful; to awaken, wake up; to perceive,
‫ انبيق‬anbīq, inbīq pl. ‫ انابيق‬anābīq2 notice, note, observe (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬s.th.); to
alembic, distilling flask understand, realize, grasp, comprehend (
‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬s.th.); to be 940 aware, be
‫ نبكة‬nabka, nabaka hill, hillock conscious (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬of s.th.); to pay
‫ نبل‬nabala u (nabl) to shoot arrows (‫ ه‬at s.o.); attention (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to); to come to, regain
-- nabula u (‫ نبالة‬nabāla) to be noble, consciousness (with ‫ لنفسه‬li-nafsihī)
noble-minded, generous, magnanimous, ‫ نبه‬nubh insight, discernment,
highborn, patrician; to be above s.th. (‫)عن‬, perception, acumen, sagacity;
be too high-minded to stoop to (‫)عن‬ understanding, attention; vigilance,
‫ نبل‬nabl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ نبال‬nibāl, ‫انبا‬ alertness
‫ ل‬anbāl arrows ‫ نبه‬nabih and ‫ نبيه‬nabīh pl. ‫ نبهاء‬nubahā’2
‫ نبل‬nubl and ‫ نبالة‬nabāla nobility, noble, highborn, patrician; outstanding,
nobleness, exalted, rank, or station, eminent, distinguished, excellent; famous,
eminence; noble-mindedness, high- renowned, celebrated; understanding,
mindedness, magnanimity, generosity sensible, discerning, judicious,
perspicacious
‫ نبل‬nabl and ‫ نبيل‬nabīl pl. ‫ نبال‬nibāl, ‫نبلاء‬
nubalā’2 noble; lofty. exalted, sublime, ‫ نباهة‬nabāha fame, renown, celebrity;
august; aristocratic, highborn, highbred, exalted rank or station, eminence,
patrician, distinguished; noble-minded, nobility; vigilance, alertness; intelligence
high-minded, generous, magnanimous; ‫ مَنبهة‬manbaha a call to draw s.o.’s
excellent, outstanding, superior; attention to s.th. (‫)على‬, rousing call,
magnificent, splendid, glorious; ‫ النبيل‬pl. incitement, impetus, incentive (‫ على‬to)
‫( النبلء‬formerly:) title of members of the
Egyptian royal family ‫ تنبيه‬tanbīh rousing, awakening;
excitation, stimulation, incitement,
‫ نبال‬nabbāl pl. ‫ نبالة‬nabbāla and ‫نابل‬ arousing; warning, cautioning, alerting;
nābil pl. ‫ نبل‬nubbāl archer, bowman notification, notice, information;
‫ نبه‬nabaha u, nabiha a and nabuha u (‫نباهة‬ admonition, exhortation, advice, counsel,
nabāha) to be well-known, noted, briefing, instruction, direction; nota bene,
renowned, famous; -- nabiha a (nabah) to note, remark, annotation (in books) │ ‫آلة‬
heed, mind, note, observe (‫ ل‬s.th.), pay ‫ التنبيه‬horn (of an automobile, etc.)
attention (‫ ل‬to), take notice (‫ ل‬of); to wake ‫ تنبه‬tanabbuh awakening, wakefulness,
up, awaken II to call s.o.’s attention (‫ )ه‬to ( alertness
‫ انتباه‬intibāh attention, attentiveness; ‫ ناتئ‬nati’ pl. ‫ نواتئ‬nawāti’2 swelling,
vigilance, watchfulness, alertness; swollen; protruding, projecting, jutting
foresight, circumspection, prudence, care, out, salient, protuberant, bulging; bulge,
carefulness; caution; heed, notice, hump, protuberance │ ‫( ناتئ كعبري‬ku‘burī)
observance │ ‫ بانتباه‬attentively, carefully wristbone
‫ نابه‬nābih noble, highborn, patrician; ‫ ناتئة‬nāti’a pl. ‫ نواتئ‬nawāti’2 projection,
eminent; well-known, renowned, protrusion, jut, prominence; outgrowth,
distinguished; famous, important excrescence, protuberance; hump,
elevation 941
‫ مَنبه‬munabbih awakening, rousing;
warning, cautioning, alerting; excitant, ‫ نتج‬nataja i (‫ نتاج‬nitāj) to bear, bring forth,
stimulant; (pl. -āt) alarm clock; stimulus, throw (‫ هـ‬a young one); to proceed, derive,
stimulative agent, stimulant, excitant arise, follow, ensue, result (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬from),
be the result of (‫ مَن‬or ‫ )عن‬IV to bear,
‫ مَتنبه‬mutanabbih awake, wakeful; alert,
throw (‫ هـ‬a young one); to bring forth,
vigilant, watchful
yield, generate, produce, make,
‫ مَنتبه‬muntabih awake, wakeful; alert, manufacture, fabricate, create, originate,
vigilant, watchful; attentive, heedful; cause, provoke, bring about, occasion (‫هـ‬
careful, prudent, cautious, wary, guarded s.th.), give rise (‫ هـ‬to) X to conclude,
(‫ نبا )نبو‬nabā u (‫ نبو‬nabw, nubūw) to be far off, gather, infer, deduce, derive, trace (‫مَن هـ‬
distant, remote; to move away, withdraw s.th. from), draw a conclusion (‫ مَن‬from)
in the distance; to mill (arrow, ‫ عن‬the ‫ نتاج‬nitāj (act or process of) bearing,
target); to bounce off, rebound, bounce, throwing, littering (of animals); brood,
bound (‫ الى عن‬from-to; ball); to disagree ( litter, offspring, young ones, young
‫ عن‬with); to be contradictory (‫ عن‬to), to animals │ ‫ نتاج الخيل‬n. al-kail foal(s)
conflict, be in conflict, be inconsistent (‫عن‬
‫ نتيجة‬natīja pl. ‫ نتائج‬natā’ij2 result,
with); to be offensive, repugnant (‫ عن‬to
upshot, issue, outcome, consequence;
s.o.); to dislike, find repugnant (‫ عن‬s.th.)
product, effect, immediate result, fruits,
│ ‫( نبا به المكان‬makānu) he felt unable to
yield, proceeds, gain, profit; (techn.)
remain in the place
output; conclusion, inference, deduction;
‫ نبي‬nabīy pl. -ūn, ‫ انبياء‬anbiyā’2 prophet almanac, calendar; natījata (prep.)
│ ‫ خشب النبياء‬guaiacum wood because of, as a result of, due to, owing to
‫ نبوي‬nabawī prophetic, of or pertaining │ ‫ بالنتيجة‬consequently, hence, therefore;
to a prophet or specifically to the Prophet ‫ نتيجة الجيب‬n. al-jaib pocket calendar; ‫نتيجة‬
Mohammed ‫ الحائط‬wall calendar

‫ نبوة‬nubūwa prophethood, prophecy ‫ إنتاج‬intāj generation; making,


manufacture; production; rearing, raising,
‫ ناب‬nābin repugnant, distasteful, breeding, growing, cultivation;
improper, ugly productivity; creating, creation, creative
‫ نتأ‬nata’a a (‫ نتء‬nat’, ‫ نتوء‬nutū’) to swell; to activity; output (of a machine; O in
bulge, bulge out; to protrude, project, jut mining) │ ‫( النتاج الدبي‬adabī) literary
out, stand out, be prominent, protuberant, production; ‫ رسم الإنتاج‬rasm al-i. excise tax
embossed, in relief ‫ استنتاج‬istintāj pl. -āt inference,
‫ نتأة‬nat’a hill, hillock, elevation conclusion; deduction
‫ نتوء‬nutū’ swelling, intumescence; ‫ ناتج‬nātij resultant, resulting, following,
growth, tumor; outgrowth, excrescence; ensuing, proceeding, deriving, arising (‫عن‬
protrusion, projection, protuberance, from); result; maker, producer
prominence, bulge; hill, hillock, elevation ‫ مَنتوج‬mantūj pl. -āt product, creation,
│ ‫ نتوء الجبهة‬n. al-jabha salient, bulge in work, production
the front line (mil.)
‫ مَنتج‬muntij bearing, giving birth, ‫ نثر‬natara u i (natr, ‫ نثار‬nitār) to scatter,
producing; fruitful, productive; fertile, disperse, strew, sprinkle (‫ على هـ‬s.th. over
fecund, prolific; conclusive (evidence); or on); to write in prose (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to
maker, manufacturer, producer; film, scatter, disperse, strew about (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI
producer and VIII to be scattered, about, be strewn
about, be dispersed; to scatter, disperse; to
‫ مَنتجات‬muntajāt proceeds, returns,
fall off, fall out
yields, products │ ‫( مَنتجات زراعية‬zirā‘īya)
agricultural products, farming products, ‫ نثر‬natr scattering, dispersal,
produce dispersion; prose
‫ مَستنتج‬mustantij maker, manufacturer, ‫ نثر‬natrī prose, prosaic, in prose; small,
producer little, insignificant, trifling, petty; ‫نثريات‬
sundries, miscellany │ ‫مَصاريف نثرية‬
‫ نتحة‬natḥa exudation
incidental expenses; petty expenses
1
‫ نتر‬natara u (natr) to grab, grasp, wrest away,
‫ نثار‬nattār scattered fragments; floating
take away by force (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
particles (dust); tiny pieces; O confetti
2
‫ نترات‬nitrāt nitrate
‫ نثر‬natīr scattered, dispersed
‫ نتروجين‬nitrōjēn nitrogen
‫ تناثر‬tanātur dispersion (e.g., of a
‫ نتش‬nataša i (natš) to pull out, extract (‫ هـ‬s.th.); machine gun)
to pluck out, tear out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to snatch
‫ ناثر‬nātir prose writer, prosaist
away; to beat, strike, hit
‫ مَنثور‬mantūr scattered, dispersed,
‫ مَنتاش‬mintāš tweezers, pincette
strewn about; prosaic, prose; wall-flower,
‫ نتع‬nata‘a u i (‫ نتوع‬nutū‘) to well up, bubble gillyflower (Cheiranthus cheiri; bot.); see
up, trickle out, ooze out, dribble, trickle; -- also ‫ هباء‬habā’
(eg.) to lift up, carry away (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مَتناثر‬mutanātir scattered
‫ نتف‬natafa i (natf) to pluck out, pull out, tear
‫ نجب‬najuba u (‫ نجابة‬najāba) to be of noble
out (‫ هـ‬hair, and the like) II do.
birth, be highborn, aristocratic, patrician,
‫ نتفة‬nutfa pl. ‫ نتف‬nutaf tuft of hair; a noble, distinguished, excellent,
small amount, a little of s.th. highminded, generous, magnanimous IV
‫ نتيف‬natīf pulled out, torn out; plucked do.; to give birth (‫ ه‬to a child), bear (‫ ه‬a
child); to beget, sire (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫ انجب مَنها‬he
‫ نتن‬natana i, natina a (natn) and natuna u (‫نتانة‬ had children by her VIII and X to choose,
natāna, ‫ نتونة‬nutūna) to have an offensive select, pick out (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
smell, be malodorous, stink; to
decompose, rot, decay, become putrid II to ‫ نجب‬najb and ‫ نجبة‬nujaba noble,
render putrid, putrefy (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to cause to highminded, generous, magnanimous
decay or rot, decompose (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV = I ‫ نجابة‬najāba nobility, nobleness, noble
‫ نتن‬natn and ‫ نتانة‬natāna stench, evil descent, exalted rank or station, eminence;
smell, malodor; rotting, putrescence, excellence, superiority, perfection
putrefaction, decomposition; decay ‫ نجيب‬najīb pl. ‫ نجب‬nujub, ‫ نجباء‬nujabā’2,
‫ نتن‬natin stinking, evil-smelling, ‫ انجاب‬anjāb of noble breed; highborn,
malodorous; rotten, putrid, putrescent, highbred, of noble descent, noble,
putrefied, decayed, decomposed; (eg.) distinguished, aristocratic, patrician;
miserly, closefisted, stingy, niggardly 942 excellent, superior, outstanding

‫ مَنتن‬munattan putrefied, putrescent, ‫ نجاب‬najjāb dromedary rider, courier


rotten, decayed, decomposed ‫ انتجاب‬intijāb choice; selection
‫ مَنتن‬muntin stinking, evil-smelling, ‫ نجح‬najaḥa a (najḥ, nujḥ, ‫ نجاح‬najāḥ) to turn
malodorous; rotting, putrescent, putrid, out well, come off well, succeed; to
decayed progress well, develop satisfactorily; to
succeed, have success (‫ في‬in), be ‫ تنجيد‬tanjīd upholstering, upholstery
successful; to pass (‫ في الَمَتحان‬the work
examination) II and IV to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ نجذ‬najada i (nad) to importune (‫ ه‬s.o.)
successful (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) succeed, render
successful (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) a ‫ مَناجذ‬manājid 2 moles (zool.)
success ‫ ناجذ‬nājid pl. ‫ نواجذ‬nawājd2 molar │ ‫ابدى‬
‫ نجح‬nujḥ favorable, successful outcome, ‫( عن نواجذه‬abdā) to show one’s teeth,
happy ending; success; satisfactory display a hostile, threatening attitude (‫ل‬
development, good progress toward s.o.); ‫‘( عض بالنواجذ‬aḍḍa) to grit
one’s teeth; ‫( عض على ناجذيه‬nājidaihi) to
‫ نجاح‬najāḥ favorable, successful have reached the age of manhood; ‫عض‬
outcome, happy ending; success; ‫ بالنواجذ على‬to cling stubbornly to ..., stick
satisfactory development, good progress; doggedly to ...
passing (of an examination) │ ‫لقي نجاحا‬
(laqiya) to have success, be successful, ‫ نجر‬najara u (najr) to hew, carve, plane (‫هـ‬
succeed, meet with success wood)
‫ نجيح‬najīḥ sound, good (advice, ‫ نجر‬najr heat, hot time of the day
opinion) ‫ نجار‬najjār pl. -ūn carpenter,
‫ انجاح‬injāḥ success cabinetmaker, joiner
‫ ناجح‬nājiḥ successful; passing, having ‫ نجار‬nujār origin, descent, stock, root
passed (examination) ‫ نجارة‬nujāra wood shavings
‫ نجد‬najada i (najd) to help, aid, assist, support ‫ نجارة‬nijāra woodworking,
(‫ ه‬s.o.), stand by s.o. (‫)ه‬, najida a (najad) cabinetwork, joinery, carpentry
to sweat, perspire II to furnish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
upholster (‫ هـ‬s.th.), to comb, card, tease ( ‫ مَنجر‬minjar pl. ‫ مَناجر‬manajir2 plane
‫ القطن‬al-quṭna cotton) III = najada IV = (tool)
najada; to travel in the highland (of ‫ مَنجور‬manjūr pulley; sheave;
Arabia) X to ask for help (‫ ه‬s.o.), appeal waterwheel; woodwork, paneling,
for help) to s.o.), seek aid (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬from wainscoting
s.o.), to take liberties, make bold (‫ على‬with
s.o.) 943 ‫ه‬ ‫ نجز‬najaza u (najz) to carry out, execute,
implement, realize, accomplish, fulfill,
‫ نجد‬najd pl. ‫ نجاد‬nijād highland, upland, complete (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- najiza a (najaz) to be
tableland, plateau; the Arabian highland, carried out, be executed, be implemented,
Nejd be realized, be accomplished, be
‫ نجدي‬najdī Nejd, Nejdi, native of Nejd completed, be achieved II to carry out,
execute, implement, realize, effect(uate},
‫ نجدة‬najda pl. najadāt help, aid, succor, accomplish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fulfill, grant,
assistance, support; emergency, crisis, answer (‫ هـ‬a wish, and the like) III to fight,
trouble, difficulty, distress, calamity; battle, struggle (‫ ه‬against s.o.) IV to carry
courage, bravery, intrepidity, out, execute, implement, realize,
undauntedness, pl. auxiliaries, effect(uate), accomplish, complete,
reinforcements │ ‫ !النجدة! النجدة‬help! help! consummate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to do (‫ هـ‬work, a
‫ بوليس النجدة‬approx.: riot squad (Eg.) job); to perform (‫ هـ‬an action, an
‫ نجاد‬sword belt │ ‫ طويل النجاد‬tall, of tall operation); to fulfill (‫ هـ‬a promise),
stature discharge (‫ هـ‬a duty); to finish (‫ على‬s.o.)
off, deal (‫ على‬s.o.) the deathblow X to ask
‫ نجاد‬nijād upholsterer; (pl. ‫ )نجادة‬a kind for the fulfillment (‫ هـ‬of a promise)
of boy scout (syr.)
‫ نجز‬najz and ‫ نجاز‬najāz execution,
‫ نجادة‬nijāda upholsterer’s trade, implementation, realization, effectuation,
upholstery completion, consummation,
accomplishment, achievement, ‫ مَنتجع‬muntaja‘ refuge, retreat;
fulfillment, discharge recreation center; health resort, rest center,
convalescent home, sanatorium
‫ تنجيز‬tanjīz and ‫ انجاز‬injāz execution,
implementation, realization, effectuation, ‫ نجف‬najaf pl. ‫ نجاف‬nijāf (sand) hill, dune; dam,
accomplishment, achievement, dike, levee; ‫ النجف‬an-najaf An Najaf (town
completion, consummation; performance; in central Iraq)
fulfillment, discharge ‫ نجفة‬najafa pl. -āt chandelier, luster
‫ مَناجزة‬munājaza and ‫ تناجز‬tanājuz fight, ‫ نجل‬najala u (najl) to beget, sire, father (‫ ه‬a
struggle, contention, strife son)
‫ ناجز‬nājiz completed; full, total, whole, ‫ نجل‬najl pl. ‫ انجال‬anjāl offspring,
entire, complete, consummate descendant, scion, son; progeny, issue
‫ نجس‬najusa u (‫ نجاسة‬najāsa) and najisa a ‫ نجيل‬najīl pl. ‫ نجل‬nujūl a variety of
(najas) to be impure, unclean, soiled, orchard grass (Dactylis; bot.); herbage
dirty, sullied, stained, tainted II and IV to
soil, sully, dirty, pollute, contaminate, ‫ انجل‬anjal2, f. ‫ نجلاء‬najlā’2 large-eyed;
defile, stain, taint (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be or large, big, wide (eye); gaping (wound) │
become impure, unclean, soiled, sullied, ‫( طعنة نجلء‬ṭa‘na) a blow causing a gaping
polluted, contaminated, defiled, stained, wound; heavy blow or thrust
944 tainted; to sully o.s., contaminate o.s., ‫ مَنجل‬minjal pl. ‫ مَناجل‬manajil2 scythe,
defile o.s. sickle
‫ نجس‬najas and ‫ نجاسة‬najāsa impurity, ‫ مَنجلة‬manjala vise
uncleanness, uncleanliness, dirt, filth, 2
squalor ‫ انجيل‬look up alphabetically
‫ نجس‬najis pl. ‫ انجاس‬anjās impure, ‫ نجم‬najama u (‫ نجوم‬nujūm) to appear, come in
unclean, defiled, polluted, contaminated, sight, rise (star), begin, commence, set in;
soiled, sullied, dirty, filthy, squalid to result, follow, ensue, arise, proceed,
derive, originate, spring (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬from) │
‫ نجس‬najis and ‫ نجيس‬najīs incurable, ‫( نجم قرنه‬qarnuhū) to begin to show II to
fatal (disease) observe the stars; to predict the future
‫ تنجيس‬tanjīs soiling, sullying, from the stars, practice astrology; to pay
defilement, contamination, pollution in installments V to observe the stars,
predict the future from the stars
‫ نجاشي‬najāšī, nijāšī Negus, Emperor of
Ethiopia ‫ نجم‬najm pl. ‫ نجوم‬nujūm installment,
partial payment; ‫ نجومَا‬nujūman in
‫ نجع‬naja‘a a (naj‘, ‫ نجوع‬nujū‘) to be useful, installments
beneficial, salutary, have a wholesome
effect II and IV do. VIII to take refuge (‫ه‬ ‫ نجم‬najm pl. ‫ نجم‬nujūm, ‫ انجم‬anjum
with s.o.), resort, have recourse (‫ ه‬to); to celestial body; star; lucky star;
seek (‫ هـ‬rest, and the like) X to seek (‫هـ‬ constellation, asterism; (coll.) herbs,
pasture, rest, relaxation) herbage, grass │ ‫( نجم ذو ذنب‬dū danab)
comet; ‫ نجوم السينما‬film stars, movie stars
‫ نجع‬naj‘ pl. ‫ نجوع‬nujū‘ hamlet, small
village ‫ نجمة‬najma pl. najamāt star; asterisk
(typ.) │ ‫ نجمة سينمائية‬film star, movie star;
‫ نجعة‬nuj‘a search for food ‫ مَرض النجمة‬maraḍ an-n. a disease afflicting
‫ نجيع‬najī‘ useful, beneficial; horses
wholesome, healthful, salubrious, ‫ نجمي‬najmī star-shaped, stelliform,
salutary; -- blood starlike, stellate, stellular, stellar, astral; --
‫ ناجع‬nāji‘ useful, beneficial; in installments, installment- (in
wholesome, healthful, salubrious, salutary compounds)
‫ نجيمة‬nujaima small star, starlet
‫ نجام‬najjām and ‫ مَنجم‬munajjim pl. -ūn ‫ مَنج‬munajjin rescuer, savior, deliverer
astrologer ‫ نحب‬naḥaba i a (naḥb, ‫ نحيب‬naḥīb) and VIII to
2
‫ مَنجم‬manjam pl. ‫ مَناجم‬manājim source, sob, weep, cry, wail, lament
origin; mine; pit ‫ نحب‬naḥb weeping, crying, sobbing.
‫ تنجيم‬tanjīm astrology 945 sighing, moaning, wail(ing), lamentation;
time, period, term, span, interval; death │
(‫ نجا )نجو‬najā u (najw, ‫ نجاء‬najā’, ‫ نجاة‬najāh) to
‫ قضى نحبه‬qaḍā naḥbahū to fulfill one’s
save o.s., be saved, be rescued, make for
vow, redeem one’s pledge; to pass away,
safety, get away (‫ مَن‬from), escape (‫مَن‬
die, expire
s.th.), he delivered (‫ مَن‬from) │ ‫نجا بنفسه‬
(bi-nafsihī) or ‫( نجا بروحه‬bi-rūḥihī) to save ‫ نحب‬naḥīb loud weeping, wail(ing),
o.s. (‫ مَن‬from); ‫( نجا بحياته‬bi-ḥayātihī) to lamentation
save one’s life, save one’s skin; -- (najw, ‫ نحت‬naḥata i u (naḥt) to hew, dress (‫ هـ‬stone or
‫ نجوى‬najwan) to entrust a secret (‫ ه‬to s.o.) wood), plane, smooth, face; to carve, cut
II and IV to deliver, save, fescue, bring to out, hew out, chisel, sculpture; to form,
safety (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ مَن‬from) III to whisper (‫ب ه‬ coin (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
to s.o. s.th.), entrust (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.
secret), take into one’s confidence (‫ ه‬s.o.), ‫ نحت‬naḥt wood or stone dressing,
confide (‫ ه‬in s.o.) │ ‫( ناجى نفسه‬nafsahū) to woodwork, stonework; sculpturing,
soliloquize, talk to o.s., say to o.s. VI to sculpture
whisper to each other, carry on a ‫ نحات‬stonemason, stonecutter, stone
whispered conversation, converse dresser; sculptor
intimately, confidentially, exchange
secrets, exchange ideas VIII to whisper ‫ نحاتة‬nuḥāta shavings, parings, chips,
into each other’s ear (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to save splinters, slivers
o.s. (‫ مَن‬from), escape (‫ مَن‬s.th.); to he ‫ مَنحت‬minḥat pl. ‫ مَناحت‬manāḥit2 chisel
delivered (‫ مَن‬from)
‫ نحر‬naḥara u (naḥr) to cut the throat (‫ هـ‬of an
‫ نجا‬najan deliverance, release, rescue animal) slaughter, butcher, kill (‫ هـ‬an
‫ نجاة‬najāh escape, flight; deliverance, animal) VI to fight; to kill each other,
rescue; salvation, redemption; safety hack each other to pieces, engage in
internecine fighting VIII to commit
‫ نجو‬najw excrement suicide; O to be scuttled (ship) │ ‫انتحر شنقا‬
‫ نجوة‬najwa pl. ‫ نجاء‬najā’ elevation, (šanqan) to hang o.s., commit suicide by
rising ground, upland │ ‫ في نجوة مَن‬free hanging
from, far from, a long way from ‫ نحر‬naḥr killing, slaughter(ing),
‫ نجوى‬najwā pl. ‫ نجاوى‬najāwā butchering │ ‫ يوم النحر‬yaum an-n. Day of
confidential talk, secret conversation Immolation (on the 10th of Zu’lhijja)
‫ نجي‬najīy pl. ‫ انجية‬anjiya secret; ‫ نحر‬naḥr pl. ‫ نحور‬nuḥūr upper portion
confident, intimate friend, bosom friend of the chest, throat 946
‫ مَنجى‬manjan safety, security (‫ مَن‬from) ‫ نحر‬niḥr, and ‫ نحرير‬niḥrīr pl. ‫نحارير‬
naḥārīr2 skilled, adept, proficient, versed,
‫ مَنجاة‬manjāh pl. ‫ مَناج‬manājin safe place, experienced (‫ في‬in)
haven, refuge; safeguard, protection;
rescue, salvation │ ‫ كان بمنجاة مَن‬to he safe ‫ نحير‬naḥīr, and ‫ مَنحور‬manḥūr killed,
from, he secure from, he safeguarded slaughtered, butchered
against ‫ مَنحر‬manḥar throat, neck
‫ تنجية‬tanjiya rescue, salvation, ‫ انتحار‬intiḥār suicide; O scuttling
deliverance
‫ مَنتحر‬muntaḥir suicide (person)
‫ مَناجاة‬munājāh secret conversation;
confidential talk │ ‫ مَناجاة الرواح‬spiritism, ‫ نحيزة‬naḥīza nature, natural disposition │ ‫طيب‬
spiritualism ‫ النحيزة‬ṭayyib an-n. good-natured, good-
humored; ‫ كريم النحيزة‬high-minded, noble- adopt, take over (‫ هـ‬foreign words); to take
minded, of generous disposition up (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ انتحل السلم‬to profess Islam;
‫( انتحل اسمه‬ismahū) to assume s.o.’s name; ‫ا‬
‫ نحس‬naḥasa a (naḥs) to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) unhappy,
‫( نتحل العرابية‬a‘rabīya) to claim to be a
bring (‫ ه‬s.o.) bad luck; -- naḥusa u (‫نحوسة‬
Bedouin; ‫( انتحل العذار‬a‘dār) to think up
nuḥūsa, ‫ نحاسة‬naḥāsa) and naḥisa a
excuses, make excuses, use pretexts or
(naḥas) to be unlucky, ominous, ill-fated,
subterfuges; ‫( انتحل شخصية فلن‬šakšīyata) to
calamitous, ill-boding, portend evil II to
pass o.s. off as s.o., purport to be ...,
covert coat, or sheathe with copper, to
impersonate s.o.
copper (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ نحل‬naḥl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬bee
‫ نحس‬naḥs pl. ‫ نحوس‬nuḥūs misfortune,
calamity, disaster ‫ نحلة‬naḥla pl. ‫ نحل‬niḥal present, gift,
donation; creed, faith, seat
‫ نحس‬naḥs, naḥis unlucky, luckless,
ominous, calamitous, disastrous, ill-fated, ‫ نحال‬naḥḥāl beekeeper, apiarist,
ill-starred, sinister, ill-omened, ill-boding apiculturist
‫ نحاس‬naḥḥās coppersmith ‫ نحالة‬niḥāla beekeeping, apiculture
‫ نحاس‬nuḥās copper; (tun.) a small coin ‫ نحول‬nuḥūl leanness, skinniness,
│ ‫( نحاس اصفر‬aṣfar2) brass thinness, slimness, slenderness;
enervation, emaciation, wasting away
‫ مَناحس‬manāḥis2 ominous events
‫ نحيل‬naḥīl and ‫ ناحل‬nāḥil pl. ‫ نحلى‬naḥlā,
‫ مَنحوس‬manḥūs luckless, ill-fated, star-
‫ نحل‬nuḥḥal thin, slim, slender, lean,
crossed
skinny; enervated, emaciated, gaunt
‫ نحف‬naḥufa a (‫ نحافة‬naḥāfa) to be thin, slim,
‫ مَنحل‬manḥal pl. ‫ مَناحل‬manāḥil2 beehive;
slender, lean, skinny; to become thin, lose
apiary, apicultural station 947
weight IV to make thin, weaken,
debilitate, enervate, emaciate ‫ انتحال‬intiḥāl undue assumption,
arrogation; literary theft, plagiarism
‫ نحافة‬naḥāfa leanness, thinness,
slenderness, slimness. enervation. ‫ مَنتحل‬muntaḥil plagiarist
emaciation, wasting away ‫ مَنتحل‬muntaḥal: ‫( اسم مَنتحل‬ism) assumed
2
‫ نحيف‬naḥīf pl. ‫ نحاف‬niḥāf, ‫ نحفاء‬nuḥfā’ name, alias, pseudonym, nom de guerre
thin, slim, slender, slight; delicate, of ‫ نحم‬naḥama i (naḥm, ‫ نحيم‬naḥīm, ‫نحمان‬
fragile build; lean, gaunt, enervated, naḥamān) to clear one’s throat; to wheeze,
debilitated, emaciated pant, gasp
‫ مَنحف‬manḥaf dieting resort, weight- ‫ نحام‬nuḥām flamingo
reducing resort
‫ نحن‬naḥnu we
‫ مَنحوف‬manḥūf thin, slim, slender,
slight; lean, gaunt, enervated, debilitated, ‫ نحنح‬naḥnaḥa and II tanaḥnaḥa to clear one’s
throat, to hem, say “ahem”
emaciated
‫ نحنحة‬naḥnaḥa hem, hawk, little cough
‫ نحل‬naḥala u a, naḥula u and naḥila a (
‫ نحول‬nuḥūl) to be emaciated; to waste (‫ نحا )نحو‬naḥā a u (naḥw) to wend one’s way (‫ه‬
away, lose weight, grow thin; -- naḥala a ‫ هـ‬, to), go, walk, move, turn (‫ هـ‬,‫ ه‬to,
(nuḥl) to make a donation, make a present toward), take the road (‫ هـ‬to), go in the
(‫ ه‬to s.o.); to ascribe, attribute, impute direction (‫ هـ‬of) │ ‫( نحا نحوه‬naḥā naḥwahū)
(wrongly, unduly) (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) IV to to follow s.o., follow s.o.’s example, be
make thin, enervate, emaciate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to guided by s.o. or s.th.; to imitate s.o.; to be
weaken (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V and esp. VIII to ascribe of the same nature, of the same kind, on
to o.s., claim for o.s. (‫)لنفسه‬, assume the same line as ..., be like ...; ‫نحا نحو الباب‬
unduly, presume, arrogate to o.s. (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to walk toward the door; ‫ نحا به نحو الباب‬to
to embrace (‫ هـ‬a religion); to borrow, show s.o. to the door II to put aside, push
away, brush aside (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to remove, ‫ ناحية‬nāḥiya pl. ‫ نواح‬nawāḥin side;
take away (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from) IV to turn direction; viewpoint, standpoint, aspect;
away, avert (‫ بصره عن‬baṣarahū ‘an one’s region, area, section; sphere, domain,
eyes from); to turn (‫ على‬against s.o.), field; district, canton; (Ir.) subdivision of a
assail, overcome (‫ ب على‬s.o. with); to help ‫ قضاء‬qaḍā’, roughly corresponding to a
(‫ ب على‬upon s.o. reproach, or the like), county; off side, secluded part, corner
shower (‫ ب على‬s.o. with); to turn, apply (e.g., of a room); nāḥiyata in the direction
o.s. attend (‫ على‬to s.th.) V to step aside, go of, toward, to │ ‫ مَن ناحية‬with regard to, in
away, withdraw, move away, fall back (‫مَن‬ respect to, as to, as for, 948 concerning,
or ‫ مَن‬from); to turn away; to forgo, regarding, on the part of; ‫مَن ناحية اخرى‬
renounce, waive (‫ مَن‬s.th.); to abandon, (ukrā) on the other hand; ‫مَن الناحية العسكرية‬
give up, surrender, yield, relinquish (‫عن‬ (‘askarīya) from a military standpoint; ‫مَن‬
s.th.); to retreat, retire (‫ هـ‬to a place); to ‫ ناحية قانونية‬de jure; ‫( مَن ناحية واقعية‬wāqi‘īya)
lean, rest, support o.s. (‫ ل‬on) VIII to turn ( de facto; ‫ سليم النواحي‬sound in body; ‫مَتعدد‬
‫ هـ‬to, toward); to lean, support o.s. (‫ ل‬on) ‫ النواحي‬muta‘addid an-n. many-sided; ‫مَن‬
│ ‫ انتحى ناحية‬to turn aside; ‫ انتحى جانبا‬do., ‫ جميع النواحي‬in every respect
step back, withdraw, retire ‫ نخ‬nakk pl. ‫ انخاخ‬ankāk mat; rug, carpet
‫ نحو‬naḥw pl. ‫ انحاء‬anḥā’ direction; side; ‫ نخب‬nakaba u (nakb) and VIII to select, pick,
section, part; way, course, method, choose (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to choose, make one’s
manner, mode, fashion; (with foll. genit.) choice; to vote, go to the polls; to elect (‫ه‬
corresponding to, analogous to, similar to, s.o.)
like, somewhat like; (gram.) grammar;
syntax │ ‫( على نحو مَا‬naḥwi) in the manner ‫ نخب‬nakb selection, choice; a drink to
of, as; ‫( على نحو مَا‬naḥwin) rather, pretty s.o.’s health │ ‫( شرب نخب‬šariba) to drink
much; ‫ على هذا النحو‬in this manner, this to s.o.’s health, toast s.o.
way; in this respect; ‫ وعلى هذا النحو‬and so ‫ نخبة‬nukba pl. ‫ نخب‬nukab selected piece,
forth, and so on; ‫ في نحو الساعة السابعة‬at selected item, selected passage; the pick,
about the seventh hour, at about 7 o’clock, cream, elite, flower
around seven; ‫ مَن نحوي‬as far as I am
concerned, as for me, for my part, I for ‫ انتخاب‬intikāb pl. -āt election (pol.);
one; ‫( نحوا مَن‬naḥwan) approximately, choice; selection
roughly, about, circa (with foll. figure); ‫في‬ ‫ انتخابي‬intikābī of or pertaining to an
‫( انحاء الرض‬a. il-arḍ) all over the earth; ‫في‬ election or elections, election (used
(‫‘( كل انحاء العالم )المعمورة‬ālam) all over the attributively); elective; electoral │ ‫مَعركة‬
world; ‫( النحو المقارن‬muqārin) comparative ‫( انتخابية‬ma’raka) election campaign
grammar
‫ ناخب‬nākib and ‫ مَنتخب‬muntakib pl. -ūn
‫ نحو‬naḥwa (prep.) in the direction of, elector (esp., pol.), voter, constituent
toward, to; according to, in analogy with,
similar to, like, as, as for instance; ‫ مَنخوب‬mankūb lean, emaciated
approximately, roughly, about, around, ‫ مَنتخب‬muntakab chosen, elected,
circa selected, hand-picked; elected candidate;
‫ نحوي‬naḥwī syntactical; grammatical; (pl. -āt) team (in sports); ‫ = مَنتخبات‬selected
grammarian; philologist pieces, selected items, selected passages

‫ مَنحى‬manḥan pl. ‫ مَناح‬manāḥin aim, ‫ نخر‬nakara u i (nakr, ‫ نخير‬nakīr) to


goal, object, end, purpose; manner of snort; to snore; to gnaw (‫ ل‬on s.th.), bore,
acting, mode of conduct, behavior; burrow, eat (‫ في‬into s.th.; worm); to eat
direction; (rhetorical, literary) form; field, away (‫ هـ‬at s.th.); to enervate, sap, ruin,
domain, realm, province, bailiwick, sphere decay (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- nakira a (nakar) to be
(fig.) │ ‫ مَناحي الحياة‬m. l-ḥayāh walks of life eaten away, worm-eaten, rotten, decayed,
full of holes; to spoil, rot, decay; to
‫ ناح‬nāḥin pl. ‫ نحاة‬nuḥāh grammarian; decompose, disintegrate, crumble
philologist
‫ نخر‬nakr snorting, snort; snoring, snore; ‫ نخم‬nakama a (nakam) and V to clear one’s
decay, rot, rottenness; tooth decay, caries throat, hawk, spit out, expectorate
‫ نخر‬nakr and ‫ ناخر‬nākir worm-eaten; ‫ نخامَة‬nukāma phlegm, mucus, sputum,
rotting, decaying expectoration
‫ نخير‬nakīr snort(ing), snoring, snore; ‫ غدة نخامَية‬gudda nukāmīya hypophysis,
grunt(s) pituitary body (anat.)
‫ مَنخر‬mankar, mankir, minkar pl. ‫مَناخر‬ (‫ نخا )نخو‬nakā u (‫ نخوة‬nakwa) to be proud,
manākir2 nostril; nose haughty, supercilious (‫ على‬toward s.o.) II
and IV to inflame, incite, excite, stimulate,
‫ مَنخار‬minkār pl. ‫ مَناخير‬manākīr2 nostril;
arouse, awaken (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
nose
‫ نخوة‬nakwa haughtiness, arrogance;
‫ نخرب‬nakraba to eat holes into s.th. (‫)هـ‬, eat
pride, dignity, sense of honor, self-respect;
away (‫ هـ‬at); to hollow out (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
high-mindedness, generosity
‫ نخروب‬nukrūb pl. ‫ نخاريب‬nakārīb2 hole;
‫ ند‬nadda i (nadd, ‫ ندد‬nadad, ‫ نداد‬nidād, ‫ندود‬
cavity, hollow; cell; honeycomb
nudūd, ‫ نديد‬nadīd) to run away, flee; to slip
‫ نخز‬nakaza a (nakz) to bore into or through away; to slip out (exclamation); to escape
s.th. (‫ ;هـ‬worm) (‫ عن‬s.o.) II to expose, show up,
‫ نخس‬nakaaa a u (naks) to prick, goad, prod, compromise (‫ ب‬s.o.); to criticize (‫ ب‬s.o. or
urge on, drive on (‫ هـ‬an animal) s.th.), find fault (‫ ب‬with)

‫ نخس‬nakkās drover; cattle dealer; slave ‫ ند‬nadd high hill; -- nadd, nidd incense
trader; white slaver (of aloeswood, with ambergris, musk and
frankincense)
‫ نخاسة‬nikāsa cattle trade; slave trade;
white-slave traffic ‫ ند‬nidd pl. ‫ انداد‬andād equal, (a)like,
same; an equal, a peer; partner; antagonist,
‫ مَنخس‬minkas pl. ‫ مَناخس‬manākis2 spur, rival
goad, prod (for driving cattle)
‫ نديد‬nadīd pl. ‫ ندداء‬nudadā’2 equal; rival
‫ مَنخاس‬minkās pl. ‫ مَناخيس‬manākīs2 spur,
goad, prod (for driving cattle) ‫ تنديد‬tandīd pl. -āt criticism; revilement,
abuse, disparagement, defamation
‫ نخشوش‬nakšūš pl. ‫ نخاشيش‬nakāšīš2 gill, branchia
(respiratory organ of fish) ‫ ندب‬nadaba u (nadb) to mourn, lament, bewail
(‫ ه‬the deceased); to appoint, assign (‫ ل ه‬s.o.
‫ نخع‬V to clear one’s throat, hawk, spit out, to an office), detail (‫ ل ه‬s.o. for a job, for a
expectorate task); to send as a representative or
‫ نخاع‬nukā‘, nikā‘ pl. ‫ نخع‬nuku‘ spinal delegate, to delegate, depute, deputize (‫ه‬
marrow, spinal cord; bone marrow, s.o.); to commission, charge, entrust (‫ه‬
medulla; brain s.o., ‫ ب‬with); -- nadiba a (nadab) to scar
over, cicatrize, heal IV = nadiba VIII to
‫ نخاعة‬nukā’a phlegm, mucus, sputum, appoint, assign (‫ ل ه‬s.o. to an office), detail
expectoration (‫ ل ه‬s.o. for a job, for a task); to
‫ نخل‬nakala u (nakl) to sift, bolt, sieve out (‫هـ‬ commission, charge, empower, authorize (
s.th.); to strain (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V and VIII do. 949 ‫ ل ه‬s.o. to do s.th., ‫ ب‬with), order (‫ ل ه‬s.o.
to do s.th.); to entrust (‫ ل ه‬to s.o. a task);
‫ نخل‬nakl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬and ‫ نخيل‬nakīl
(mil.) to detach, detail, transfer (‫ ل ه‬s.o.
palm; date palm
to); (with ‫ نفسه‬nafsahū) to apply o.s.,
‫ نخالة‬nukāla residue left in a sieve; bran; devote o.s. dedicate o.s. (‫ ل‬to s.th.); to
waste, refuse │ ‫ لَ يساوي مَلء اذنه نخالة‬lā give (‫ هـ‬a country) the mandate (‫ على‬over);
yusāwī mil’a udnihī nukālatan he isn’t to comply readily (‫ ل‬with an order or
worth a bent nickel instruction), be willing, be prepared, stand
‫ مَنخل‬mankal, munkul pl. ‫ مَناخل‬manākil2 ready (‫ ل‬to); to present o.s. (‫ الى‬to s.o.),
sieve turn (‫ الى‬toward, to)
‫ ندب‬nadb weeping, wailing, ‫ مَنتدب‬muntadab deputized, delegated;
lamentation; lament, dirge, elegy; commissioned, charged; entrusted;
assignment, commissioning, delegation, appointed; assigned, detailed │ ‫دولة مَنتدبة‬
deputation; appointment, authorization, (daula) mandatory power
mandation ‫ ندح‬nadaḥa a (nadḥ) to extend, expand,
‫ ندب‬nadab pl. ‫ انداب‬andāb, ‫ ندوب‬nudūb enlarge (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
scar, cicatrice ‫ ندحة‬nadḥa, nudḥa wide, open space;
‫ ندبة‬nadba pl. ‫ انداب‬andāb, ‫ ندوب‬nudūb freedom (of action) │ ‫( لَ ندحة عنه‬nadḥata)
scar, cicatrice; scabby wound it is indispensable, unavoidable,
inevitable; ‫( لَ اجد لي ندحة عن‬ajidu,
‫ ندبة‬nudba lamentation for the dead;
nadḥatan) I feel compelled to ...
elegy; dirge, funeral song
‫ مَندوحة‬mandūḥa pl. ‫ مَنادح‬manādiḥ2 and
‫ ندابة‬nadāba pl. -āt hired female
‫ مَنتدح‬muntadaḥ alternative, choice;
mourner
freedom of action │ ‫لَ مَندوحة له‬
‫ مَندب‬mandab pl. ‫ مَنادب‬manādib2 wail, (mandūḥata) it is indispensable,
lamentation │ ‫ باب المندب‬Bab el Mandeb absolutely necessary, mandatory,
(strait between SW Arabia and Africa; imperative for him; (‫ لك عنه مَندوحة )مَنتدح‬it
geogr.) is up to you, it is optional for you; ‫لو ير‬
‫ انتداب‬intidāb deputation, appointment; ‫( مَندوحة مَن‬lam yara mandūḥatan) to feel
commissioning, charging, authorization; obligated, feel compelled to ...
detailing, detachment, assignment, 1
‫ ندر‬nadara u (nadr, ‫ ندور‬nudūr) to be rare; to
mission; (pl. -āt) mandate (over a be uncommon, unusual; -- nadura u (‫ندارة‬
territory); mandatory rule │ ‫دولة الَنتداب‬ nadāra) to be strange, odd, queer, unusual,
daulat al-int. mandatory power; ‫لجنة‬ extraordinary V to make fun (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬of);
‫ الَنتدابات‬lajnat al-int. Mandate to joke, jest VI to tell each other stories
Commission (of the League of Nations) and jokes
950
‫ ندر‬nadr rare; strange, odd
‫ انتدابي‬intidābī mandatory │ ‫ادارة انتدابية‬
‫ ندرة‬nadra, nudra and ‫ ندورة‬nudūra
(idāra) mandatory administration
rarity, rareness; nadratan rarely, seldom │
‫ نادبة‬nādiba pl. -āt, ‫ نوادب‬nawādib2 hired ‫ في الندرة‬rarely, seldom
female mourner
‫ اندر‬andar pl. ‫ انادر‬anādir2 (tun.)
‫ مَندوب‬mandūb bewailed, bemoaned, threshing floor
mourned, lamented; regrettable,
‫ اندر‬andar2 rarer
deplorable, lamentable; -- (pl. -ūn) deputy,
delegate, agent, functionary, ‫ مَندرة‬mandara pl. ‫ مَنادر‬manādir2 (tun.)
commissioner; representative; threshing floor; see also below
representative of the press, correspondent, ‫ مَنادرات‬munādarāt causeries on
reporter (of a newspaper); plenipotentiary, amusing, witty topics
authorized agent; (Isl. Law) recommended
│ ‫ مَندوب التأمَين‬insurance agent; ‫مَندوب خاص‬ ‫ تندر‬tanaddur amusement, fun-making,
(kaṣṣ) special envoy; ‫( مَندوب سام‬sāmin) joking
High Commissioner; ‫مَندوب فوق العادة‬ ‫ تنادر‬tanādur gay chat
ambassador extraordinary; ‫مَندوب مَفوض‬
(mufawwaḍ) plenipotentiary, authorized ‫ نادر‬nādir rare; infrequent; strange, odd,
agent; (dipl.) minister; ‫مَندوب فوق العادة ووزير‬ unusual, uncommon; excellent, precious,
‫ مَفوض‬ambassador extraordinary and priceless; an eccentric, a crank, an odd
minister plenipotentiary (official title of fellow; ‫ نادرا‬nādiran rarely, seldom │ ‫في‬
ambassadors) ‫ النادر‬rarely, seldom; ‫ نادر المثال‬unparalleled,
singular, unique; ‫‘( عملة نادرة‬umla) specie,
‫ مَندوبية‬mandūbīya delegation; High hard money
Commission
‫ نادرة‬nādira pl. ‫ نوادر‬nawādir2 rarity, ‫ مَندم‬mandam remorse, repentance,
rare thing, rare phenomenon; rare, regret
uncommon word; phenomenon, prodigy, ‫ مَنادمَة‬munādama drinking
extraordinary person; funny, droll story, companionship, intimate friendship
anecdote, joke; accident, incident
2 ‫ تندم‬tanaddum remorse, repentance,
□ ‫ مَندرة‬mandara (for ‫مَنظرة‬, esp. eg.) pl. ‫مَنادر‬ regret
manādir2 reception parlor for male
visitors; (‫ مَنادر )= مَجالس‬parties ‫ نادم‬nādim pl. ‫ ندام‬nuddām repenting,
repentant, rueful, remorseful, regretful
‫ ندس‬nadasa u to throw down, bring to the
ground (‫ ه‬s.o.); to revile, defame, discredit ‫ مَنادم‬munādim drinking companion,
(‫ ه‬s.o.) boon companion, intimate
‫ ندف‬nadafa i (nadf) to tease, comb, or card ‫ مَتندم‬mutanaddim repenting, repent, ant,
cotton 951 rueful, remorseful, regretful
‫ ندف‬nadf teasing, combing, carding (of ‫ نده‬nadaha a (nadh) to drive, urge, spur on (‫ه‬
cotton) │ ‫ جهاز الندف‬jahāz an-n. card, s.o.); to drive away (‫ ه‬s.o.)
carding machine (‫ ندا )ندو‬nadā u (nadw) to call (‫ ه‬s.o.); to invite;
‫ ندفة‬nudfa pl. ‫ ندف‬nudaf flock (of wool); to call together, convoke, convene,
flake │ ‫ ندفة الثلج‬n. at-talj snowflake summon (‫ هـ‬a meeting); to get together,
meet, convene, assemble, gather; -- ‫ندي‬
‫ نديف‬nadīf and ‫ مَندوف‬mandūf carded, nadiya a (‫ ندى‬nadan, ‫ نداوة‬nadāwa, ‫ندوة‬
teased (cotton) nudūwa) to be moist, damp, dewy, wet │
‫ نداف‬naddāf cotton carder, cotton teaser ‫ شيء يندى له الجبين‬an embarrassing or
shocking thing, a disgraceful thing II to
‫ مَندف‬mindaf pl. ‫ مَنادف‬manādif2 teasing
moisten, wet, bedew (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to shout,
bow (for carding cotton)
call out, cry out, exclaim; to call (‫ ب‬or ‫ه‬
‫ ندل‬nadala u (nadl) to snatch away (‫ هـ‬s.th.) s.o. or for s.o., also ‫)على‬, summon (‫ ه‬s.o.,
□ ‫ ندل‬nadl = ‫نذل‬ also ‫ ;)على‬to call out, shout (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
call for s.th. (‫)ب‬, invite to s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to
‫ مَندالة‬mindāla rammer proclaim, announce (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
‫ نادل‬nādil pl. ‫ ندل‬nudul waiter; servant emphasize (‫ ب‬s.th.); O to announce, act as
who waits on table announcer (radio); to cry one’s wares,
2
‫ مَندل‬mandal: ‫ ضرب المندل‬ḍarb al-m. (eg.) a hawk (‫ على‬s.th. to be sold) │ ‫نودي به رئيسا‬
magic practice in which a fortuneteller, or (nūdiya) to be proclaimed president IV =
a medium, prophesies while II; to be noble, generous, magnanimous V
contemplating a mirror-like surface to he moistened, he bedewed; to show o.s.
generous, liberal, openhanded VI and VIII
‫ مَنديل‬look up alphabetically to get together, meet, convene, gather,
‫ ندم‬nadima a (nadam, ‫ ندامَة‬nadāma) to repent ( assemble, form a club
‫ على‬of), rue, regret (‫ على‬s.th.) III to drink, ‫ ندوة‬nadwa council; debating group,
carouse (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V = I VI to drink study group; club │ ‫ دار الندوة‬city hall,
together, carouse together town hall; parliament, house of
‫ ندم‬nadam, ‫ ندامَة‬nadāma remorse, representatives, chamber of deputies
repentance, regret ‫ ندوة‬nudūwa and ‫ نداوة‬nadāwa
2
‫ نديم‬nadīm pl. ‫ ندمَاء‬nudamā’ , ‫ ندام‬nidām moistness, moisture, dampness
drinking companion; friend, intimate, ‫ ندى‬nadan pl. ‫ انداء‬andā’, ‫ اندية‬andiya
confidant moistness, moisture, dampness, wetness;
‫ ندمَان‬nadmān pl. ‫ ندامَى‬nadāmā dew; generosity, liberality, magnanimity
repenting, repentant, rueful, remorseful, 952
regretful
‫ ند‬nadin and ‫ نديان‬nadyān2 moist, damp to o.s., make the solemn pledge to ...; --
│ ‫ ندم الكف‬al-kaff generous, liberal, nadira a (nadar) to have been warned, be
openhanded on one’s guard (‫ ب‬against) IV to warn (‫ب ه‬
s.o. of or against), caution (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
‫ ندى‬nadīy moist, damp; tender, delicate
against), admonish (‫ ه‬s.o.); to announce (‫ب‬
│ ‫ ندى الكف‬al-kaff generous, liberal,
‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), give notice or warning (‫ب ه‬
openhanded
to s.o. of), notify in advance (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬of)
‫ نداء‬nidā’ pl. -āt shout; call; │ ‫( انذره بتسليم مَنزله‬bi-taslīmi manzilihī) he
exclamation; summons; public gave him notice to vacate the premises
announcement; proclamation, appeal;
‫ نذر‬nadr pl. ‫ نذور‬nudur, ‫ نذورات‬nudūrāt
address; vocative (gram.) │ ‫نداء الَستغاثة‬
vow, solemn pledge; votive offering, ex-
call for help, distress signal; ‫حرف النداء‬
voto
ḥarf an-n. interjection (gram.); ‫اصدر نداء ل‬
(aṣdara) to issue s proclamation to ‫ نذير‬nadīr pl. ‫ نذر‬nudur consecrated to
God; vowed, solemnly pledged; warner;
‫ مَناداة‬munādāh calling, shouting; call;
herald, harbinger, forerunner; warning;
vocative; public notice, announcement;
alarm │ O ‫ نذير الخطر‬n. al-kaṭar airraid
proclamation │ ‫ بيع المناداة‬bai‘ al-m. public
warning
sale, auction
‫ انذار‬indār pl. -āt warning;
‫ ناد‬nādin pl. ‫ اندية‬andiya, ‫ نواد‬nawādin
announcement, notice; admonition; air-
club; circle; association; clubhouse │ ‫ناد‬
raid warning, alarm │ O ‫انذار بوقوع غارات‬
‫( رياضي‬riyāḍī) athletic club; ‫دار النادي‬
‫( جوية‬bi-wuqū’ gārāt jawwiya) or ‫انذار‬
clubhouse
‫( للخطار الجوية‬li-l-akṭār) air-raid warning; ‫ان‬
‫ مَندى‬munaddan wet, damp; bedewed, ‫( ذار نهائي‬nihā’ī) ultimatum; O ‫صفارة النذار‬
dewy; refreshing ṣaffārat al-i. warning siren
‫ مَناد‬munādin caller; herald; town crier; ‫ تناذر‬tanādur syndrome (med.)
auctioneer; O announcer (radio)
‫ ناذر‬nādir one who has made a vow
‫ مَنذور‬mandūr solemnly pledged,
vowed, consecrated to God
‫ مَنذر‬mundir warner, cautioner
‫ مَنذرة‬mundira alarm signal; warning
sign (‫ ب‬against)
‫ نذل‬nadula u (‫ نذالة‬nadāla, ‫ نذولة‬nudūla) to be
low, base, mean, vile, despicable, debased,
depraved
‫ نذل‬nadl pl. ‫ انذال‬andāl, ‫ نذول‬nudūl low,
base, mean, vile, despicable, debased,
depraved; coward
‫ مَنادى‬munādan noun in the vocative
(gram.) ‫ نذيل‬nadīl pl. ‫ نذلاء‬nudalā’ 2, ‫ نذال‬nidāl
low, base, mean, vile, despicable, debased,
‫ مَندية‬mundiya pl. -āt disgraceful, evil
depraved; coward
deed; insult, abuse, affront
‫ نذالة‬nadāla depravity
l.s.J.::... muntadan pl. u4,.J.::...o
muntadayāt gathering place, assembly ‫ نربيج‬narbīj pl. ‫ نرابيج‬narābīj2 mouthpiece of a
room; club narghile 953
‫ نذر‬nadara u i (nadr, ‫ نذور‬nudūr) to dedicate, ‫ نربيش‬narbīš pl. ‫ نرابيش‬narābīš2 mouthpiece of
consecrate (‫ ل‬s.th. to God); to vow, make a narghile
a vow │ ‫ نذرت ل ان‬I vow to God that ..., I ‫ نرجس‬narjis, nirjis narcissus (bot.)
swear by God that ...; ‫ نذر على نفسه هـ‬to vow
‫ نرد‬nard backgammon, tricktrack ‫ نزع‬naza‘a i (naz‘) to pull out, extract (
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to remove, take, take away, strike,
‫ نردين‬nardīn nard, spikenard
cross off (‫ عن هـ‬s.th. from); to take off,
‫ نرفزة‬narfaza nervousness shed (‫ هـ‬a garment); to strip, divest,
‫ مَنرفز‬munarfaz (pal.-syr.) nervous deprive, rob (‫ هـ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬s.o. of s.th.); to
wrest, take away (‫ هـ مَن‬from s.o. s.th.,
‫ نرنج‬naranj bitter orange possession, right, reputation, etc.); to
‫ نروج‬nurūj, narūj Norway remove (‫ ه‬s.o. from a position), depose,
dismiss, fire, cashier, demote, reduce in
‫ نرويج‬nurwīj Norway rank (‫ ه‬s.o.); to adduce as proof or in
‫ نرويجي‬nurwījī Norwegian refutation (‫ ب‬s.th.); (intr.) to move,
proceed, go, betake o.s., repair (‫ الى‬to); to
‫ نز‬nazza i (nazz, ‫ نزيز‬nazīz) to seep, trickle,
emigrate (‫ الى‬to); -- (‫ نزوع‬nuzū‘) to desire (
ooze, or leak, through; to vibrate (string)
‫ الى‬s.th.), wish, long, yearn, pine (‫ الى‬for);
‫ نز‬nazz, nizz, ‫ نزازة‬nuzāza pl. ‫ نزوز‬nuzūz to incline, tend, have an inclination or a
seepage, leakage water tendency (‫ الى‬to); to take on, take over,
‫ نز‬nazz swift, nimble, agile, lively, adopt (‫ الى‬s.th.), resort (‫ الى‬to; e.g., to a
sprightly; changeable, inconstant, method); to absent o.s., depart (or from);
unsteady, fickle to desist, abstain, refrain (or from), keep
clear (‫ عن‬of), give up, avoid, eschew (‫عن‬
‫ نزة‬nazza, nizza (sensuous) passion, lust s.th.); to be in the throes of death │ ‫نزع مَنه‬
‫ نزيز‬nazīz unsteady, inconstant, ‫( نازع الى‬nāzi‘un) he felt a desire for ...,
unstable; sensuous, passionate discovered his inclination to ... II to
remove, take away (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to fight,
‫ نزح‬nazaḥa a i (nazḥ, ‫ نزوح‬nuzūḥ) to be far off, struggle, contend, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o.),
be distant; to leave (‫ مَن‬s.th.), depart, combat (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to contest, challenge (‫في‬
emigrate (or from); to immigrate (‫ الى‬to); s.th.); to attempt to wrest (‫ هـ ه‬from s.o.
to wander, migrate, rove, roam, range; O s.th.), contest (‫ هـ ه‬s.o.’s right to s.th.); to
to march off, pull out (troops); pass. ‫نزح به‬ be in the throes of death VI to contend
nuziḥa bihī to emigrate, be away from with one another; to rival (‫ هـ‬for s.th.),
home, live abroad; -- (nazḥ) and IV to contest each other’s right (‫ هـ‬to), carry on
scoop out, bail out, empty (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to a 954 dispute, be at variance (‫ هـ‬over) VIII
drain, dry out (‫ هـ‬a well, a ditch, a latrine, to pull out, extract, pluck out, tear out (‫هـ‬
and the like) VIII to emigrate s.th. .i- from); to match, wrest (‫ هـ مَن‬from
‫ نزح‬nazḥ scooping out, emptying; 1.o. s.th.), tear away, pull off (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th.
draining, drainage from); to take, draw, borrow (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
be removed, be taken away
‫ نزح‬nazaḥ pl. ‫ انزاح‬anzāḥ muddy water
‫ نزع‬naz‘ removal; withdrawal,
‫ نزوح‬nuzūḥ emigration
elimination; deposition, removal from
‫ نزوح‬nazūḥ and ‫ نزيح‬nazīḥ far-off, office; death struggle, agony of death │ ‫نز‬
faraway, distant, remote ‫ ع السلح‬disarming, disarmament; ‫مَؤتمر نزع‬
‫ نازح‬nāziḥ far-off, faraway, distant, ‫ السلح‬mu’tamar n. as-s. disarmament
remote; going away from home, moving conference; ‫ نزع الملكية‬n. al-milkīya
to other lands, leaving for distant shores, expropriation
emigrating; emigrant; one who scoops out, ‫ نزعة‬naz‘a pl. naza‘āt inclination,
bails out or empties, a latrine cleaner tendency, leaning; attitude, position, stand
‫ نزر‬nazr and ‫ نزير‬nazīr little; insignificant, ‫ نزوع‬nuzū‘ striving, endeavor, longing,
trivial, petty; trifle, small amount, wish, desire (‫ الى‬for)
insignificant number, negligible portion │
‫ نزاع‬nazzā‘ tending, having an
‫ نزر الحديث‬taciturn, of few words; ‫نزر قليل‬
inclination (‫ الى‬to), leaning (‫ الى‬toward)
tiny amount
‫ نزيع‬nazī‘ pl. ‫ نزاع‬nuzzā‘ stranger
‫ مَنزع‬manza‘ pl. ‫ مَنازع‬manāzi‘ intent, draw, extract (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. from); to exhaust,
intention, purpose; aim, end, objective, consume, use up, swallow up, devour (‫هـ‬
goal; way, method; manner, behavior s.th.)
‫ مَنزع‬minza‘ arrow ‫ نزف‬nazf exhaustion, draining,
emptying; hemorrhage; loss of blood │ O
‫ نزاع‬nizā‘ fight, struggle, strife, contest,
‫( النزف الدمَوي‬damawī) hemophilis (med.)
controversy; dispute; death struggle,
agony of death │ ‫( بل نزاع‬bi-lā) ‫ نزفة‬nuzfa small quantity, modicum (of
indisputably, incontestibly, a liquid)
incontrovertibly, indubitably, undeniably; ‫ نزيف‬nazīf weakened by loss of blood;
‫ عليه نزاع‬disputed, contested, debatable; َ‫ل‬ bleeding, effusion of blood; hemorrhage,
‫( نزاع فيه‬nizā‘a) undisputed, uncontested, hemorrhea (med.)
unquestioned
‫ مَنزوف‬manzūf exhausted through loss
‫ مَنازعة‬munāza‘a pl. -āt tight, struggle, of blood 955
strife, contention, controversy, quarrel,
dissension, discord; dispute; matter in ‫ نزق‬nazaqa i (nazq) and naziqa a (nazaq, ‫نزوق‬
controversy, case at issue (before a court nuzūq) to storm ahead, rush forward; to be
of justice) hasty, rash, precipitate, impetuous,
lightheaded, frivolous, reckless, ruthless,
‫ تنازع‬tanāzu‘ tight, struggle, strife, II to spur on, urge on (‫ هـ‬a horse)
contention, controversy │ ‫ تنازع البقاء‬t. al-
baqā’ struggle for existence ‫ نزق‬nazaq haste; rashness,
precipitateness, impetuosity;
‫ انتزاع‬intizā‘ removal, withdrawal, lightheadedness, recklessness,
elimination; dispossession, expropriation thoughtlessness, frivolity
‫ نازعة‬nāzi‘a pl. ‫ نوازع‬nawāzi‘ tendency, ‫ نزق‬naziq hasty; rash, precipitate,
inclination, leaning impetuous; thoughtless, heedless, careless,
‫ مَنزوع‬manzū‘ removed, taken away │ inattentive, lightheaded, frivolous, flighty,
‫( مَنطقة مَنزوعة السلح‬minṭaqa) demilitarized superficial
zone ‫ نزك‬nazaka u (nazk) to stab, pierce (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مَنازع‬munāzi‘ struggling with death, ‫ نيزك‬naizak pl. ‫ نيازك‬nayāzik2 short
being in the throes of death; contending, lance; shooting star, meteor
fighting, militant, litigious, renitent │ ‫ليس‬
‫ مَن مَنازع في‬no one will deny that ... ‫ نزل‬nazala i (‫ نزول‬nuzūl) to dismount, alight; to
descend, go down, come down, move
‫ مَنازع عليه‬munāza‘ ‘alaihi contested, down, get down, step down, climb down;
disputed, debatable to get off (‫مَن‬, e.g., a train), get out, step
‫ مَتنازع‬mutanāzi‘ conflicting, clashing out (‫مَن‬, e.g., of a car), debark, disembark (
‫ مَن‬from a vessel); to put down, land
‫( مَتنازع عليه‬mutanāza‘) and ‫مَتنازع فيه‬
(airplane); to fall (rain); to descend from
contested, disputed, debatable; litigated
heaven, be revealed (esp., the Koran); to
matter, matter in controversy, case at issue
fall, sink, sag (prices), drop (water level);
‫ مَنتزع‬muntaza‘ taken, drawn (‫ مَن‬from) to subside, abate, let up, decrease; to stop,
‫ نزغ‬nazg and ‫ نزغة‬pl. nazagāt incitement to or halt, for a rest, to camp; to stop, stop
evil │ ‫ نزغ الشيطان‬n. aš-šaiṭān insinuations over, put up, take up quarters, take
of the devil, satanic inspiration lodgings, lodge, room, stay to live (‫ على‬or
‫ ب‬at s.o.’s home, also ‫)عند‬, live, dwell (‫هـ‬
‫ نزف‬nazafa i (nazf) to drain, exhaust, empty (‫هـ‬ in a place), inhabit (‫ هـ‬a place); to step into
s.th.); to dry up (‫ هـ‬a well); to draw off (‫هـ‬ the arena, take the field, meet an opposing
blood); to be drained, exhausted, spent; team (sports); to give in, yield (‫ على‬e.g., to
pass. ‫ نزف دمَه‬nuzifa damuhū to lose much s.o.’s pleas); to give up, renounce, resign (
blood, bleed (to death) IV to drain, empty ‫ عن ل‬s.th. in s.o.’s favor), cede, waive,
(‫ هـ‬a well); to be exhausted X to drain off, relinquish, abandon (‫ عن‬s.th.); to resign (
‫ عن‬from); to refrain (‫ عن‬from), forgo (‫عن‬ place); to unload (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to take ashore (
s.th.); to descend, come (‫ ب‬upon s.o.; ‫ الى البر هـ‬ilā l-barr s.th. from a vessel); to
misfortune, punishment, etc.), befall, hit, land, put ashore, disembark, debark (‫هـ‬
afflict (‫ ب‬s.o.; misfortune), happen, occur troops); to lower, strike (‫ هـ‬a flag); to
(‫ ب‬to s.o.); to fall (‫ على‬upon s.o.), attack, abase, degrade; to lower, decrease,
assail, assault (‫ على‬s.o.); to enter, embark ( diminish, reduce (‫ الى هـ‬number, price, etc.,
‫ على‬upon s.th.), set out (‫ على‬to do s.th.), to); to cause (‫ هـ ب‬to s.o. loss), inflict (‫هـ ب‬
tackle, attack (‫ على‬s.th.), pounce (‫ على‬on upon s.o. a loss); to compel, force, coerce
s.th.); (with ‫ب‬:) to take, bring, lead, etc., (‫ على ه‬s.o. to) │ ‫مَا انزل ا به مَن سلطان‬
s.o. or s.th. down (‫ الى‬to); -- nazila a (‫نزلة‬ (sulṭān) (lit.: God has given it no power,
nazla) to have a cold │ ‫( نزل الى البر‬barr) i.e.) futile, vain, fruitless, unavailing,
to disembark, go ashore, land; ‫نزل الى‬ unfounded, absurd, preposterous,
‫( الميدان‬maidān) to take the field; ‫نزل دون‬ completely arbitrary, random; ‫انزل الى البحر‬
‫( مَننلته‬manzilatihī) to sink below one’s (baḥr) to launch (‫ هـ‬a ship); ‫انزلوهم ضيوفا‬
level; ‫( نزل ضيفا على‬ḍaifan) to avail o.s. of ‫( عليهم‬ḍuyūfan) they took them in as
s.o.’s hospitality, stay as a guest with s.o.; guests; ‫( انزل به خسارة قادحة‬kusāratan
‫( نزل على حكمه‬ḥukmihī) to defer, give in, fāḍiḥatan) to inflict a heavy loss on s.o.; ‫ان‬
yield, submit to s.o.; to comply with the ‫( زله مَنزلة فلن‬manzilata f.) he had him
standard of s.th.; ‫( نزل عند ارادته‬irādatihī) to occupy the same position as, gave him the
defer to s.o.’s will, do s.o.’s bidding; ‫نزل‬ same status as, made him equal in rank
(‫( عند رغبته )طلبه‬ragbatihī, ṭalabihī) to with V to lower o.s., stoop, condescend (
comply with, or fulfill, s.o.’s wish or ‫ الى‬to s.th.); to abase o.s., humble o.s.,
demand; ‫( مَنزلا‬manzilan) to occupy a place demean o.s., eat crow; to give up,
or position, get to a place or into a renounce, resign, waive, forgo (‫ عن‬s.th.),
position; ‫( نزل مَنزله اللئق‬manzilahū) to refrain (‫ عن‬from) VI to give up, renounce,
occupy one’s due place; ‫نزل مَنزلة فلن‬ resign, waive, forgo (‫ عن ل‬s.th. in favor
(manzilata f.) to hold the position of, serve of), refrain (‫ عن‬from), yield, surrender,
as II to cause to come down; to make (‫ه‬ abandon, relinquish (‫ عن‬s.th.); to cede ( ‫عن‬
s.o.) descend, dismount, or step down; to ‫ ل‬s.th. to); to leave, assign, transfer, make
lower, let down (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a bucket, a over (‫ عن ل‬s.th. to); to lower o.s., stoop,
curtain, etc.); to send down (‫ على هـ‬a condescend; to deign; to dismount, or line
revelation to a prophet), reveal (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to up, for battle │ ‫تنازل )تنزل( عن العرش ل‬
take down, put down (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to lower, (‘arš) to abdicate in favor of; ‫تنازل عن‬
decrease, diminish, lessen, minimize, ‫( مَنصب‬manṣib) to lay down an office,
curtail, reduce (‫ هـ‬or ‫ مَن‬s.th.); to dip, tilt ( resign from office X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to step
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to lower, strike (‫ هـ‬a flag); to down; to call down, invoke (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
relieve, divest, discharge (‫ عن هـ‬s.o. of), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) descend; to call upon s.o. (‫)ه‬
depose, dethrone (‫ عن العرش ه‬s.o.); to to waive or forgo (‫ عن‬s.th.); to force (‫ ه‬the
unload (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to grant hospitality (‫ ه‬to beleaguered) to surrender; to deduct,
s.o.). receive hospitably, take in, put up, subtract (~ 0 s.th. from)
lodge, accumulate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to deduct ‫ نزل‬nazl pl. ‫ نزول‬nuzūl, ‫ نزل‬nuzûl
subtract (‫ هـ مَن‬s.th. from); to insert, inlay ( quarters, lodging; hotel, inn; -- (pl. ‫نزول‬
‫ في هـ‬s.th. in. e.g., ivory in wood); (Tun.) to nuzūl) small tribal unit (of Bedouins);
cede (‫ هـ‬s.th.) on the basis of inzāl (q.v.) │ camp, camp site (of nomads, gypsies)
‫( نزل درجته‬darajatahū) to demote s.o.,
reduce s.o. in rank III to get into a fight, ‫ نزل‬nuzl pl. ‫ انزال‬anzāl food served to a
join issue, clash (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to bring guest
down, take down; to cause to descend, ‫ نزلة‬nazla putting up, stopping, stop,
dismount, or step down; to send down. stay, arrival │ ‫ نزلة الحج‬al-ḥajj (eg.) festival
reveal (956 ‫ على ه‬s.th. to s.o.; of God); to of the return of the mahmal from Mecca
bestow, grant, give (‫ هـ‬s.th.; of God); to (celebrated in the months of Safar or
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) alight, stop, halt, camp, put Rabia I)
up, tab up quarters, live, stay, abide (‫ هـ‬in a
‫ نزلة‬nazla pl. nazalāt cold; catarrh │ ‫ نزال‬nizāl and ‫ مَنازلة‬munāzala lining up
‫( نزلة شعبية‬šu‘abīya) bronchial catarrh; ‫نزلة‬ for battle; encounter, battle, fight
‫( صدرية‬ṣadrīya) bronchitis; ‫نزلة وافدة‬ ‫ انزال‬inzāl bringing down, lowering;
influenza (med.) landing, debarkation, disembarkation;
‫ نزالة‬nizāla settlement, colony ejaculation of sperm; (pl. -āt) lease
contract for life over a habous estate
‫ نزول‬nuzūl descending, descent;
(Tun.) │ ‫( انزال الى البحر‬baḥr) launching (of
dismounting. alighting; getting off or out
a ship); ‫‘( انزال الى العمل‬amal)
(of a vehicle), disembarkation,
commissioning (of a ship)
debarkation; landing (of an airplane);
arrival; putting up, stopping, stop, ‫ تنازل‬tanāzul condescension; yielding,
stopover, stay; cession, surrender, relenting; relinquishment, surrender,
relinquishment, renunciation, resignation; waiver, renunciation; transfer, assignment,
falling, fall, drop; sinking; decline in cession; resignation, abdication; lining up
prices, price slump │ ‫ نزولَ على‬according for battle; struggle, fight, battle │ ‫عدم‬
to, in accordance with, in deference to; ‫‘ التنازل‬adam at-t. relentlessness,
‫( نزولا عند رغبته‬ragbatihī) in compliance intransigence; ‫‘ عقد التنازل‬aqd at-t. deed of
with his wish, in deference to his wish, at cession
his request; ‫( نزولا عند طلبه‬ṭalabihī) in ‫ استنزال‬istinzāl deduction, discount
compliance with his demand, in
accordance with his request; ‫ نزول المطر‬n. ‫ نازل‬nāzil living, resident
al-maṭar rainfall ‫ نازلة‬nāzila pl. ‫ نوازل‬nawāzil occurrence,
‫ نزولي‬nuzūlī relative to decline (in event; mishap, accident, calamity, reverse,
prices and stocks), recessive, falling, blow of fate; (tun.) (judicial) case, legal
sinking action │ ‫( نازلة مَدنية‬madanīya; tun.) civil
action; ‫( اوراق نازلة‬tun.) records of a
‫ نزيل‬nazīl pl. ‫ نزلاء‬nuzalā’2 guest; lawsuit; ‫ قسم النوازل‬qism an-n. (tun.)
stranger; lodger, boarder; inmate; division for contentious matters (of a court
occupant, tenant of justice); ‫( قام بنازلة‬tun.) to take legal
‫ مَنزل‬manzil pl. ‫ مَنازل‬manāzil2 stopping action, commence a lawsuit
place, way station, camp site; apartment, ‫ مَنزول‬manzūl (eg.) a kind of narcotic
fiat; house; lunar phase; see also under
verb I │ ‫ مَنزل الَستراحة‬resthouse; ‫مَنازل اللهو‬ ‫ مَنزولي‬manzūlī (egs.) narcotic addict,
‫ واللعب‬m. al-lahw wa-l-la‘b amusement dope addict
centers; ‫ اهل المنزل‬ahl al-m. household, ‫ مَنزل‬munazzal inlaid (with ivory or a
family; ‫ صاحب المنزل‬landlord 957 precious metal)
‫ مَنزلي‬manzilī domestic, house (adj.); ‫ مَنزل‬munzal sent down (from heaven),
private; household (adj.) revealed
‫ مَنزلة‬manzila degree, grade, rank; ‫ مَتنازل‬mutanāzil abdicating, resigning;
position, status, standing; dignity; see also one who waives, cedes or asap a right,
under verb I and IV assignor
‫ تنزيل‬tanzīl sending down, bringing ‫ مَستنزل‬mustanzil lessee on the basis of
down; revelation, inspiration; reduction, inzāl (Tun.; see above)
diminution, lowering, lessening, decrease;
-- (pl. -āt) reduction (of prices); ‫ نزنز‬to rock, dandle (a baby)
subtraction (arith.); deduction, discount; ‫ نزه‬nazuha u (‫ نزاهة‬nazāha) to be far (‫ عن‬from),
inlaying, inlay work │ ‫ تنزيل الرتبة‬t. ar- be untouched. unblemished (‫ عن‬by), be
rutba or ‫ تنزيل المقام‬t. al-maqām, demotion, free (‫ عن‬from); to steer clear (‫ عن‬of), keep
reduction in rank; ‫( تنزيل نقدي‬naqdī) away, refrain (‫ عن‬from, esp., from a base
currency devaluation or dishonorable action); -- naziha a to be
respectable, honorable, decent II to deem
or declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) above s.th. (‫ )عن‬V =
nazuha; to be (far) above s.th. (‫ ;)عن‬to go impetuosity, violence, vehemence; fit,
for a walk, take a walk, promenade, stroll attack, paroxysm; sudden mood, caprice,
about; to go out, to amuse o.s., enjoy o.s., whim
have a good time 2
‫ نازي‬and ‫ نازية‬look up alphabetically
‫ نزه‬nazih and ‫ نزيه‬nazīh pl. ‫نزهاء‬ ‫ نسأ‬nasa’a a (‫ نسء‬nas’) to put off,
nuzahā’2, ‫ نزاه‬nizāh pure, chaste, postpone, delay, defer, procrastinate (‫هـ‬
blameless, above reproach, of s.th.), -- (‫ نساء‬nasā’) to allow (‫ ه‬s.o.) time
unblemished record, decent, honorable, to pay, grant (‫ ه‬s.o.) credit IV = I
respectable; honest, upright. righteous;
scrupulous, correct; impartial ‫ نساء‬nasā’ long life, longevity
‫ نزه‬nazah and ‫ نزاهة‬nazāha purity, ‫ نساء‬nisā’ women, see ‫نسو‬
blamelessness, honesty; uprightness, ‫ نسيئة‬nasī’a credit, delay of payment,
righteousness, probity, integrity, nasī’atan on credit
respectability; impartiality
‫ مَنسأة‬minsa’a stick, staff
‫ نزهة‬nuzha pl. ‫ نزه‬nuzah, -āt walk,
stroll, promenade; pleasure ride; outing, ‫ نسب‬nasaba u i (nasab, ‫ نسبة‬nisba) to relate,
excursion, pleasure trip; recreation; refer (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to), link, correlate, bring
amusement. entertainment, diversion, fun; into relation (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. with), to trace ( ‫الى‬
excursion spot, picnic ground, sight- ‫ هـ‬s.th. to s.o. as the originator, ‫ الى ه‬s.o.’s
seeing spot, tourist attraction 958 ancestry to); to ascribe, attribute, impute.
lay (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to s.o.), charge (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬
‫ مَنزهة‬manzaha pl. ‫ مَنازه‬manāzih2 ‫ هـ‬with s.th. s.o.), accuse (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى هـ‬of s.th.
recreation ground, park, garden s.o.) III to stand in the same relationship (‫ه‬
‫ تنزيه‬tanzīh elimination of to s.o.); to correspond (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to
anthropomorphic elements from the s.th.), tally (‫ هـ‬with s.th.), to suit, fit (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
conception of deity, deanthropomorphism s.o., s.th.), go (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with), become, befit,
(theol.) behoove (‫ ه‬s.o.); to harmonize, agree, be
in keeping, be compatible, consistent (‫هـ‬
‫ تنزه‬tanazzuh pl. -āt walk, stroll, with), to be similar (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.),
promenade resemble (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), be like s.o. or
‫ مَنزه‬munazzah infallible, free (‫عن‬ s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)هـ‬to be in agreement, in
from), (far) above s.th. (‫)عن‬ conformity, in accordance. to tally, check (
‫ هـ‬with), be conformable (‫ هـ‬to), to be of
‫ مَتنزه‬mutanazzih pl. -ūn walker, stroller,
the same family (‫ ه‬as), be or become
promenader; excursionist
related by marriage (‫ ه‬to) VI to be related
‫ مَتنزه‬mutanazzah promenade, walk, to one another, be relatives; to be alike, be
stroll, park akin, be mutually corresponding, be
‫ مَنتزه‬muntazah pl. -āt promenade, walk, interrelated, be in agreement or
stroll; recreation ground; park conformity, be in the right proportion, be
1
proportionate, match, fit together, go
(‫ نزا )نزو‬nazā u (‫ نزو‬nazw, nuzūw, ‫نزوان‬ together; to be in agreement, in
nazawān) to spring, jump, leap, bound; -- conformity, in accordance, to tally, check (
(‫ نزوان‬nazawān) to escape (‫ عن‬s.th.) │ ‫نزا‬ ‫ مَع‬with), be conformable (‫ مَع‬to) VIII to be
‫( به قلبه الى‬qalbuhū) to long, yearn for V to related (‫ الى‬to s.o.); to derive one’s origin (
spring, jump, leap, bound; to be in a state ‫ الى‬from), trace one’s ancestry (‫ الى‬to), to
of great commotion, be violently agitated, derive one's name (‫ الى‬from), be named (
to heave, tremble (breast) ‫ الى‬after), to belong, pertain, be relative (
‫ نزوان‬nazawān sally, sortie; outburst, ‫ الى‬to), to be associated (‫ الى‬with), belong (
outbreak, eruption ‫ الى‬to a clan, a party, a faction, etc.); to
attach o.s. (‫ الى‬to), associate, affiliate (‫الى‬
‫ نزوة‬nazwa pl. nazawāt (n. vic.) jump, with), to join (‫ الى‬e.g., a political party), to
leap, bound; sally, sortie; outburst, be admitted (‫ الى‬to a community), be
outbreak, eruption; surge, dare, dare-up;
affiliated (‫ الى‬with, esp., as an bearing, relevancy, pertinence; link;
extraordinary, not a full, member) X to connection; occasion, opportunity │ ‫في‬
trace back the ancestry (‫ ه‬of s.o.), to deem ‫ مَناسبة‬or ‫ لمناسبة‬or ‫ بمناسبة‬on the occasion of;
959 proper (‫ هـ‬s.th.), approve (‫ هـ‬of), ‫ بهذه المناسبة‬in this connection; ‫لهذه المناسبة‬
sanction, condone (‫ هـ‬s.th.) due to these circumstances, for this
reason, therefore, consequently, hence; ‫في‬
‫ نسب‬nasab pl. ‫ اناسب‬anāsib lineage,
‫ كل مَناسبة‬whenever an opportunity arises,
descent; origin. extraction, derivation,
at every suitable occasion
provenience; kinship, relationship,
affinity, relationship by marriage │ ‫سلسلة‬ ‫ تناسب‬tanāsub proportional relation,
‫ النسب‬silsilat an-n. family tree, pedigree, proportionality; proportionateness,
ancestral line, genealogy; ‫علماء النساب‬ balance, evenness; uniformity; regularity,
‘ulamā’ al-a. genealogists symmetry; harmony; O proportion,
mathematical equation; reciprocal
‫ نسبة‬nisba ascription, attribution,
relationship, interrelation; link, connection
imputation; kinship, relationship, affinity,
│ ‫‘ عدم التناسب‬adam at-t. disproportion
relationship by marriage; connection, link;
agreement, conformity, affinity; -- (pl. ‫نسب‬ ‫ انتساب‬intisāb membership; affiliation │
nisab) relation, reference, bearing; ratio, ‫ طالب بالَنتساب‬student by affiliation
rate; measure; proportion (math.); ‫ مَنسوب‬mansūb related, brought into
percentage; adjective denoting descent or
relation; attributed, ascribed, imputed (‫الى‬
origin, ending in ‫( ـي │ نسبة الى‬nisbatan) to s.o.); belonging, pertaining (‫ الى‬to);
and (‫ ل‬or) ‫ بالنسبة الى‬in respect to, with relative (to), concerning, regarding (s.o. or
regard to, regarding, concerning, as to; as s.th.); -- (pl. ‫ مَناسيب‬manāsīb2) level,
compared with, in comparison with; in altitude; water level │ ‫ مَنسوب البحر‬m. al-
relation to, with reference to; for, to; ‫على‬ baḥr sea level; ‫‘( مَناسيب عالية‬āliya) high
‫ نسبة‬in proportion to, in keeping water levels, high waters
with, in accordance with, according to, ‫ مَنسوبية‬mansūbīya nepotism
corresponding to, commensurate with; ‫نسبة‬
‫ الموت‬al-maut death rate; ‫نسبة مَئوية‬ ‫ مَناسب‬munāsib suitable, fitting,
(mi’awīya) percentage appropriate, proper, adequate;
corresponding, commensurate;
‫ نسبي‬nisbī relative, comparative; correspondent, congruous, analogous,
percentual, percentile; proportional; ‫نسبيا‬ conformable; proportional (math.)
nisbīyan relatively │ ‫( وزن نسبي‬wazn)
specific gravity ‫ مَتناسب‬mutanāsib proportionate,
properly proportioned; proportional;
‫ نسبية‬nisbīya relativity mutually corresponding, analogous │ ‫مَتناس‬
‫ نساب‬nisāb genealogist ‫ ب الجزاء‬even, regular, symmetrical
‫ نسيب‬nasīb erotic introduction of the ‫ مَنتسب‬muntasib member, affiliate │
ancient Arabic kasida; -- (pl. , ‫انسباء‬ ‫‘( عضو مَنتسب‬uḍw) associate (e.g., of an
ansibā’2) relative, kinsman (by mania~e); academy)
brother-in-law; son-in-law; descending ‫ ناسوت‬nāsūt human nature, humanity 960
from a distinguished family, patrician, ‫ نسج‬nasaja u i (nasj) to weave (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to knit
highborn, noble │ ‫( نسج على مَنواله‬minwālihī) to imitate s.o.,
‫ انسب‬ansab2 more adequate, more follow in s.o.’s tracks, walk in s.o.’s
appropriate, more suitable, better footsteps, act or proceed like s.o.; ‫نسج نسجه‬
qualified, fitter (nasjahū) do. VIII to be woven
‫ مَناسبة‬mun<isaba suitability, ‫ نسج‬nasj weaving; fabric, texture │ ‫نسج‬
suitableness, appropriateness, aptness, ‫ الخيال‬al-kayāl fabling, flight of fancy
adequacy; fitness; correlation, analogy, ‫ نساج‬nassāj weaver
correspondence; kinship, relationship.
affinity; (pl. -āt) relation, reference,
‫ نساجة‬nisāja art of weaving; weaver’s ‫ ناسخ‬nāsik pl. ‫ نساخ‬nusssāk abrogative,
trade, textile industry abolishing; copyist, transcriber │ ‫آية ناسخة‬
Koranic verse which abrogates and
‫ نسيج‬nasīj pl. ‫ نسوج‬nusūj, ‫ انسجة‬ansija, ‫ان‬
supersedes another verse
‫ ساج‬ansāj texture, web, tissue (also anat.);
woven fabric, textile │ ‫( نسيج خلوي‬kalawī) ‫ مَنسوخ‬mansūk abrogated (Koranic
cellular tissue (anat.); ‫ نسيج العنكبوت‬n. verse)
al-‘ankabūt spider’s web, cobweb; ‫نسيج‬ ‫ نسر‬V to get torn; to break, snap X to become
‫ وحده‬n. waḥdihī unique in his (its) kind, eagle-like
singular, unparalleled; ‫ نسيج عصره‬n. ‘aṣrihī
unique in his (its) time ‫ نسور‬nasr pl. ‫ نسور‬nusūr, ‫ نسورة‬nusūra
eagle; vulture
‫ مَنسج‬mansaj, mansij pl. ‫ مَناسج‬manāsij
weaver’s shop, weaving mill ‫ نسارية‬nusārīya eagle
‫ مَنسج‬minsaj loom ‫ ناسور‬nāsūr pl. ‫ نواسر‬nawāsir2 fistula,
tumor
‫ مَنسوج‬mansūj woven; woven fabric,
textile; texture, tisane, web; pl. ‫مَنسوجات‬ ‫ مَنسر‬minsar, mansir, pl. ‫ مَناسر‬manāsir2
woven goods, dry goods, textiles beak (of predatory birds); band, gang,
group, troop
‫ نسخ‬nasaka a (nask) to delete (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to abolish (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to abrogate, invalidate ‫ نسطوري‬nusṭūrī pl. ‫ نساطرة‬nasāṭira Nestorian
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to repeal, revoke, withdraw (‫هـ‬ ‫ نسغ‬nusg (of a plant)
s.th.); to cancel (‫ هـ‬a contract); to replace (
‫ ب هـ‬s.th. by), substitute (‫ ب هـ‬for s.th. s.th. ‫ نسف‬nasafa i (nasf) to pulverize, atomize,
else); to transcribe, copy (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to spray (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to carry away and scatter
supersede, supplant, replace (‫ هـ‬s.th.), take (wind -- the dust); to blow up, blast (‫هـ‬
the place (‫ هـ‬of s.th.) V to be deleted, s.th.); O to torpedo (‫ هـ‬a ship) IV to 961
abolished, abrogated, invalidated VI to scatter (esp., wind -- the dust) VIII to raze
succeed, each other, follow successively; (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to blow up, blast (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
to pass from one body into another, ‫ نسف‬nasf blowing up, blasting;
transmigrate (soul) VIII to abolish, cancel, destruction, demolition
abrogate, invalidate (s.th.); to transcribe,
copy (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X to demand the abolition ( ‫ نساف‬nussāf pl. ‫ نساسيف‬nasāsīf a variety
‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to transcribe, copy (‫ هـ‬s.th.) of swallow; rhinoceros hornbill (zool.)

‫ نسخ‬nask abolition, abolishment, ‫ نسافة‬nusāfa chaff


abrogation, cancellation, invalidation; ‫ نسافة‬nassāfa pl. -āt torpedo boat
copying, transcription │ ‫ قلم النسخ‬qalam
‫ مَنسف‬minsaf and ‫ مَنسفة‬minsafa pl. ‫مَناسف‬
an-n. Neskhi ductus (see below); ‫آ لة النسخ‬
manāsif2 winnow
duplicating machine, mimeograph;
copying press ‫ ناسف‬nāsif and ‫ ناسفة‬nāsifa explosive,
dynamite
‫ نسخي‬naskī Neskhi, the ordinary cursive
Arabic script, the common calligraphic ‫ نسق‬nasaqa u (nasq) and II to string (‫ هـ‬pearls);
style to put in proper order, arrange nicely,
range, array, order, marshal, dispose (‫هـ‬
‫ نسخة‬nuska pl. ‫ نسخ‬nusak transcript;
s.th.); to set up, line up (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be
copy (also, e.g., of a book, of a newspaper,
well-ordered, be in proper order, be nicely
etc.)
arranged; to be arranged, arrayed,
‫ نساخ‬nasssāk pl. ‫ نساخة‬nassāka copyist, disposed VI do.; to be geared to each
transcriber; scribe, scrivener, clerk other, be well-coordinated (weapons) VIII
‫ تناسخ‬tanāsuk succession; =V
transmigration of souls, metempsychosis ‫ نسق‬nask ordering, successive
‫ استنساخ‬istinsāk copying, transcription arrangement, lining up, alignment
‫ نسق‬nasaq order, array, layout, (hair, feathers) VI to propagate, breed,
arrangement, disposition; connection, reproduce, multiply; to beget offspring; to
succession, sequence; manner, mode, descend, be descended (‫ مَن‬from)
system, method; symmetry; ‫ نسقا‬nasaqan ‫ نسل‬nasl pl. ‫ انسال‬ansāl progeny,
in regular order, in rows │ ‫ على نسق‬in the offspring, issue, descendants │ ‫تقليل النسل‬
manner of; ‫ على نسق واحد‬in the same birth control; ‫( الحرث والنسل‬ḥart) the
manner, equally, evenly, uniformly; ‫حروف‬ civilization of mankind
‫ النسق‬conjunctions (gram.)
‫ نسالة‬nusāla fibrous waste, thrums;
‫ نسيق‬nasīq well-ordered, well-arranged, ravelings; lint
regular, even, uniform
O ‫ نسالة‬nassāla raveling machine,
‫ تنسيق‬tansīq ordering, arraying; setting willow 962
up, drawing up; distribution, disposition;
arrangement; systematic arrangement; ‫ نسولة‬nasūla brood animal
planned economy │ ‫( تنسيق داخلي‬dākilī) O ‫ نسيلة‬nasīla offprint, reprint
interior decoration
‫ انسال‬insāl procreation, generation
‫ تنسق‬tanassuk uniformity
‫ تناسل‬tanāsul sexual propagation,
‫ تناسق‬tanāsuk order; symmetry; procreation, generation, reproduction │
harmony ‫ اعضاء التناسل‬sexual organs, genitals; ‫ضعف‬
‫ مَنسق‬munasaq well-ordered, well- ‫ التناسل‬ḍu‘f at-t. sexual impotence
arranged; staggered (troop formation); ‫ تناسلي‬tanāsulī procreative, propagative;
harmonious genital, sexual │ ‫( مَرض تناسلي‬maraḍ)
‫ مَتناسق‬mutanāsiq well-ordered, well- venereal disease
arranged, regular, symmetrical ‫ تناسليات‬tanāsulīyāt sexual organs
‫ نسك‬nasaka u and nasuka u (‫ نساكة‬nasāka) to ‫ نسم‬nasama i (nasm, ‫ نسمان‬nasamān) to
lead a devout life; to live the life of an blow gently II to commence, start, begin
ascetic V do.; to be pious, devout,
otherworldly (‫ في‬s.th.) V to blow; to breathe; to
inhale (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to-exhale (‫ ب‬a fragrant
‫ نسك‬nask, nusk, nusuk piety, smell), smell pleasantly, be redolent (‫ب‬
devoutness; asceticism; reclusion of), be fragrant (‫ ب‬with) │ ‫تنسم الخبر‬
‫ نسكي‬nusukī ascetic (adj.) (kabara) to nose around for news, sniff
out the news
‫ نسك‬nusuk sacrifice; ceremonies (of the
pilgrimage) ‫ نسم‬nasam pl. ‫ انسام‬ansām breath; breath
of life
‫ ناسك‬nāsik pl. ‫ نساك‬nussāk hermit,
recluse, penitent; ascetic; pious man, ‫ نسمة‬nasama pl. -āt breath; whiff, waft;
devotee breeze; O aura; breathing, living creature;
person, soul (e.g., in a census, as a
‫ مَنسك‬mansik pl. ‫ مَناسك‬manāsik2 numerative in statistics)
hermitage, cell of an ascetic; place of
sacrifice; ceremony, ritual, esp., during the ‫ نسيم‬nasīm pl. ‫ نسام‬nisām, ‫ نسائم‬nasā’im2
pilgrimage breath of air, fresh air; wind, breeze │ ‫شم‬
‫ النسيم‬šamm an-n. Egyptian popular holiday
‫ نسل‬nasala u (nasl) to beget, procreate, sire, celebrated on the Monday following
father (‫ ه‬children); -- u to pluck out (‫هـ‬ Greek-Coptio Easter
s.th.); to pluck (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ravel out,
unravel, untwist, fray (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to molt; (‫نس‬ ‫ مَنسم‬mansim pl. ‫ مَناسم‬manāsim2 foot
‫ ول‬nusūl) to fall out (hair, feathers) II to sole, padded foot (of animals)
separate into fibers, to shred, ravel (‫هـ‬ ‫ مَتنسم‬mutanassim (with foll. genit.)
rags); to unravel, undo (‫ هـ‬a woven or place where s.th. blows, is exhaled,
knitted fabric) IV to beget, procreate, sire, emanates, or exudes
father (‫ ه‬children); to molt; to fall out
‫ نسانس‬nanās, nisnās pl. ‫ نسانس‬nasānis2 a produce, generate, engender (‫ هـ‬s.th.), give
fabulous creature of the woods, having rise (‫ هـ‬to s.th.); to make, manufacture,
one leg and one arm; (eg.) monkey fabricate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to build, construct (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to call into existence, originate,
‫ نسوة‬niswa, ‫ نسوان‬niswān and ‫ نساء‬nisā’ women
start, found, establish, organize. institute (
(pl. of ‫)امَرأة‬
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to set up, erect (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to install
‫ نسوي‬nisawī and ‫ نسائي‬nisā’ī female, (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to compose, draw up (‫ هـ‬a piece
feminine, womanly, women’s; ‫نسائيات‬ of writing), write (‫ هـ‬a book); to bring up,
women’s affairs, things belonging to a raise, rear (‫ ه‬a child); to begin, start,
woman’s world commence, initiate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to grow,
‫ نسائية‬nisā’īya feminist movement develop, spread, gain ground X to search,
ask, look (‫ هـ‬for news)
‫ نسي‬nasiya a (nasy, ‫ نسيان‬nisyān) to forget (‫هـ‬
s.th.) │ ‫ مَا انس لَ انس‬mā ansa lā ansā (lit.: ‫ نشء‬naš’ youth; new generation │ ‫النشء‬
whatever I may forget, I shall not forget, ‫ الجديد‬the young generation
i.e.) I shall never forget; sometimes also: ‫ نشأة‬naš’a growing up, upgrowth,
‫( مَا انس لَ انسى‬ansā) and ‫( ان انس فل انسى‬in) I growth; early life. youth; rise, birth,
shall never forget IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) formation, genesis; origin; youth, young
forget (‫ هـ‬s.th.) VI to pretend to have generation; culture, refinement;
forgotten (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to forget, neglect, omit upbringing. background (of a person) │
(‫ هـ‬s.th.), become oblivious (‫ هـ‬of) ‫( نشأة مَستأنفة‬musta’nafa) rebirth,
‫ نسي‬nasy oblivion, forgetfulness; s.th. renaissance
one hal forgotten │ ‫ اصبح نسيا مَنسيا‬aṣbaḥa ‫ نشوء‬nusii’ growing, growth,
nasyan mansīyas to be completely development, evolution │ O ‫مَذهب النشوء‬
forgotten, fall into utter oblivion ‫ والترقي‬madhab an-n. wa-t-taraqqī theory
‫ نسي‬nasīy, ‫ نساء‬nassā’ and ‫ نسيان‬nisyān2 of evolution, evolutionism
forgetful, oblivious O ‫ النشوئيون‬an-nušū’īyūn the
‫ نسيان‬nisyān oblivion, forgetfulness evolutionists

‫ مَنسي‬mansīy forgotten; pl. ‫( مَنسيات‬as ‫ مَنشأ‬manša’ place of origin or up-


opposed to ‫ )مَحفوظات‬things once growth; birth place, home town, home;
memorized and now forgotten fatherland, homeland, native country;
origin, rise, birth, formation, genesis;
‫ نش‬našša i (našš, ‫ نشيش‬nasīš) to sizzle, simmer, source, springhead, fountainhead;
bubble, boil up; to hiss; -- to drive away beginning, start, onset
flies
‫ تنشيء‬tanšī’ upbringing, education
‫ ورق نشاش‬waraq naššāš blotting paper
‫ تنشئة‬tanši’a upbringing, education
‫ مَنشة‬minašša fly whisk
‫ إنشاء‬inšā’ creation; origination;
‫ نشأ‬naša’a a and ‫ نشؤ‬našū’a u (‫ نشء‬naš’, ‫نشوء‬ bringing about; setting up. Establishment,
nušū’, ‫ نشأة‬naš’a) to rise, rise aloft, organization, institution; formation;
emerge, appear, loom up; to come into making, manufacture, production;
being, come into existence, originate, erection; building, construction; founding,
form, arise, come about, crop up; to foundation; installation; composition,
proceed, spring (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬from), grow out compilation, writing; letter writing; style,
(‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬of); to follow, ensue, result, art of composition; essay, treatise │ ‫انشاءات‬
derive (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬from); to grow, grow up; ‫‘( عسكرية‬askarīya) military installations;
to develop, evolve │ ‫( نشأ نشوءا ذاتيا‬dātīyan) ‫ اعادة النشاء‬i’ādat al-i. reconstruction
to start by iteslf, arise spontaneously,
come about automatically 963 II to cause ‫ إنشائي‬inšā’ī creative; constructive;
to grow; to bring up, raise (‫ هـ‬a child) IV relating to composition or style; stylistic;
to cause (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to rise; to create, bring editing, editorial │ ‫( برنامَج إنشائي‬barnāmaj)
into being (‫ هـ‬s.th., of God); to bring forth, production program; ‫( قطعة انشائية‬qiṭ‘a)
exercise in composition; ‫مَوضوع انشائي‬ ‫( حماسي‬ḥamāsī) rallying song; ‫نشيد عسكري‬
theme, composition (‘askarī) soldier’s song, marching song;
military march; ‫( نشيد قومَي‬qaumī) or ‫نشيد‬
‫ ناشئ‬nāši’ growing, growing up;
‫( وطني‬waṭanī) national anthem; ‫نشيد ليلي‬
arising, originating, proceeding,
(lailī) serenade; ‫( نشيد مَلكي‬malakī) royal
emanating, springing, resulting (or from);
anthem
beginner; (in sports) junior; youngster,
youth ‫ مَناشدة‬munāšada urgent request, earnest
appeal, adjuration
‫ ناشئة‬nāši’a youth, rising generation
‫ انشاد‬inšād recitation, recital
‫ مَنشئ‬munši’ creating; creative; creator;
organizer, promoter, founder; author, ‫ مَنشود‬manšūd sought, aspired, desired,
writer pursued (aim, objective)
‫ مَنشأة‬munša’a pl. -āt creation, product, ‫ مَنشد‬munšid singer
work, OpUs; foundation, establishment; ‫ نشادر‬nušādir and ‫ نوشادر‬nūšādir ammonia
installation; institution, institute; pl.
installations (e.g., industrial, military) ‫ نشر‬našara u (našr) to spread out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
1 unfold, open (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to unroll (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
‫ نشب‬našiba a (našb, ‫ نشبة‬nušba, ‫ نشوب‬nušūb) to hoist (‫ هـ‬a flag); -- u i to spread, diffuse,
to be fixed, be attached, cling, stick, emit (‫ هـ‬e.g., a scent); to announce
adhere (‫ في‬to); to attend (‫ ب‬s.th.), be publicly, publicize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to publish (‫هـ‬
incident (‫ ب‬to); to get involved (‫ في‬in), a book, an advertisement, etc.); to
meddle (‫ في‬with); to break out (war) │ ‫مَا‬ propagate, spread (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- u (našr, ‫نشور‬
‫ نشب‬or ‫ لم ينشب‬not to hesitate II and IV to nušūr) to resurrect from the dead (‫ ه‬s.o.);
stick on, paste on, attach, fix, insert (‫هـ‬ -- to saw apart (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to spread out,
s.th.) unfold (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to resurrect from the
‫ نشب‬našb property, possession dead (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be spread out, be
unfolded; to spread VIII to be spread out,
‫ نشوب‬nušūb clinging, adherence (‫ في‬to);
be unfolded; to spread (news, a disease,
outbreak
etc.); to spread out, extend, expand; to be
‫ نشاب‬naššāb arrow maker; archer, propagated, be conveyed (waves); to be
bowman diffused, be scattered, be dispersed, be
‫ نشاب‬nuššāb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫نشاشيب‬ thrown into disorder; O to fan out, extend
našāšīb2 arrows (mil.)

‫ مَنتشب‬muntašib fierce, violent (battle) ‫ نشر‬našr unfolding; spreading,


2
diffusion; propagation; promulgation;
‫ مَنشوبية‬look up alphabetically 964 publication; notification, announcement;
‫ نشج‬našaja i (‫ نشيج‬našīj) to sob resurrection │ ‫ نشر الدعوة‬n. ad-da‘wa
propaganda; .r;J1 r.J! lIa..m an·n. Day of
‫ نشد‬našada u (našd, ‫ نشدة‬našda, ‫ نشدان‬nišdān) to Resurrection; ‫ دار النشر‬publishing house
seek (‫ هـ‬s.th.), look, search (‫ هـ‬for); to
adjure, implore (‫ ه ه‬s.o. by, e.g., ‫ ا‬allaha ‫ نشرة‬našra pl. našarāt (public) notice,
by God) III to adjure, implore (‫ ان يفعل ه‬or proclamation; publication; report, account;
‫ هـ ه‬s.o. to do s.th., ‫ ه ه‬s.o. by, e.g., ‫ا‬ announcement; advertisement; circular;
allāha by God) IV to seek (‫ هـ‬s.th.), look, leaflet, pamphlet, handbill; periodical;
search (‫ هـ‬for); to sing (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to recite ( order, ordinance, decree, edict │ ‫نشرة‬
‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. verses) VI to recite verses to ‫ الخبار‬or ‫( نشرة اخبارية‬ikbārīya) newscast,
each other X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to recite verses news (radio); ‫( نشرة دورية‬daurīya)
periodical publication; ‫نشرة اسبوعية‬
‫ نشيد‬našīd and ‫ انشودة‬unšūda pl. ‫نشائد‬ (usbū‘īya) weekly publication, weekly
našā’id2, ‫ انشاد‬anšād, ‫ اناشيد‬anāšīd2 song; paper; newsreel; ‫( نشرات جوية‬jawwīya)
hymn, anthem │ ‫ نشيد الناشد‬or ‫نشيد النشاد‬ weather report (radio); ‫نشر خاصة بالسعار‬
the Song of Solomon, the Song of Songs; (kāṣṣa) prospectus, price list; ‫نشرة يومَية‬
‫( النشيد المَمي‬umamī) the International; ‫نشيد‬ (rasmīya) official publication, bulletin; ‫نشر‬
‫( ة شهرية‬šahrīya) monthly publication; O and active, work energetically and
‫( نشرة يومَية‬yaumīya) order of the day (mil.) actively (‫ الى‬for, toward); to be in the
mood (‫ ل‬for), feel like doing s.th. (‫ ;)ل‬to
‫ نشار‬naššār sawyer
be glad, enthusiastic (‫ ل‬about); to apply
‫ نشارة‬nišāra (activity of) sawing o.s. eagerly, attend actively (‫ ل‬to some
‫ نشارة‬nušāra sawdust activity), embark briskly (‫ ل‬upon s.th.) │
‫‘( نشط مَن عقاله‬iqālihī) to be freed from
‫ نشور‬nušūr resurrection │ ‫يوم النشور‬ one’s shackles, be unfettered, be
yaum an-n. Day of Resurrection unshackled; -- našafa u (našf) to tie a knot
‫ مَنشار‬minšār pl. ‫ مَناشير‬manāšīr2 saw (‫ هـ‬in a rope), knot (. a rope) II and IV
‫ انتشار‬intišār spreading, spread, to incite, spur on, enliven, stimulate,
diffusion, diffusiveness activate, excite (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
strengthen, invigorate, animate, inspirit,
‫ ناشر‬nāšir publisher energize (‫ ه‬s.o.), impart vim and energy (‫ه‬
‫ مَنشور‬manšūr spread abroad. to s.o.), encourage, embolden (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ الى‬to
propagated, made public, published; sawn do s.th.); to knot, tie up (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be
(apart); -- (pl. -āt, ‫ مَناشير‬manāšīr2) leaflet, lively, animated, brisk, sprightly,
pamphlet, handbill; circular; prospectus; vivacious, spirited, active, eager, keen,
proclamation; order, ordinance, decree, zealous, brave, cheerful, gay; to display
edict; prism (math.) 965 vim and energy (‫ في‬in some work), be
energetic and active, work energetically
‫ مَنشوري‬look up alphabetically
and actively (‫ الى‬for, toward); to be in the
‫ مَنتشر‬muntašir spreading, spread out; mood (‫ ل‬for), feel like doing s.th. (‫)ل‬
widespread, current, rife; prevailing,
‫ نشط‬našiṭ lively, animated, spirited,
prevalent, predominant
brisk, sprightly, vivacious, agile, nimble;
‫ نشز‬našaza u i (našz) to be elevated, be stirring, bustling, busy, enterprising,
located high above; to rise; -- (‫ نشوز‬nušūz) energetic, active
to be recalcitrant, disobedient (‫ ب‬,‫ مَن‬,‫على‬
‫ نشطة‬našṭa energy; eagerness, ardor,
toward her husband; said of a woman); to
zeal
treat (a wife) brutally (said of a man) IV to
restore to life, revive, reanimate (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ نشاط‬našāṭ briskness, sprightliness,
liveliness, animation, vivacity; agility,
‫ نشز‬našaz pl. ‫ انشاز‬anšāz elevated place,
alacrity, eagerness, ardor, zeal, energy,
high ground
vim, activeness; activity; lively activity,
‫ نشاز‬našāz dissonance, discord action, operation; strength, power
‫ نشوز‬nušūz animosity, hostility; (physical and mental); vigor, vital energy,
antipathy; dissonance, discord; (īsl. Law) vitality │ ‫( نشاط جوي‬jawwī) aerial activity;
violation of marital duties on the part of ‫( نشاط اشعاعي‬iš‘ā‘ī) radioactivity; ‫ذو نشاط‬
either husband or wife, specif., ‫ اشعاعي‬radioactive; ‫مَواد ذات نشاط اشعاعي‬
recalcitrance of the woman toward her (mawād2) radioactive substances,
husband, and brutal treatment of the wife radioactive matter; ‫ صاحب نشاط‬active; ‫عديم‬
by the husband ‫ النشاط‬inactive, dull, listless (stock market)

‫ ناشز‬nāšiz protruding, elevated, raised; ‫ نشيط‬našīṭ pl. ‫ نشاط‬nišāṭ brisk, lively,


jarring, dissonant, discordant; recalcitrant spirited, animated, cheerful, gay; stirring,
bustling, busy, active, energetic; glad,
‫ ناشزة‬nāšiza pl. ‫ نواشز‬nawāšiz2 happy, enthusiastic (‫ ل‬about), actively
recalcitrant woman, shrew, termagant devoted (‫ ل‬to) │ ‫( الجنس النشيط‬jins) the
‫ نشط‬našiṭa a (‫ نشاط‬našāṭ) to be lively, stronger sex
animated, brisk, sprightly, vivacious, ‫ انشوطة‬unšūṭa pl. ‫ اناشيط‬anāšīṭ2 knot,
spirited, active, eager, keen, zealous, slipknot, bow, noose
brave, cheerful, gay; to display vim and
energy (‫ في‬in some work), be energetic ‫ مَنشط‬manšaṭ pleasant thing
‫ تنشيط‬tanšīṭ encouragement, incitement; (shipwrecked persons, etc.), save, rescue (
stimulation; enlivening, animation, ‫ ه‬s.o.)
activation 966 ‫ نشل‬našl pickpocketing, pickpocketry
‫ ناشط‬nāšiṭ brisk, lively, spirited, ‫ نشال‬naššāl pickpocket
animated, cheerful, gay; stirring, bustling,
busy, active, energetic ‫ نشان‬nišān and ‫ نيشان‬nīšān pl. ‫ نياشين‬nayāšīn2
sign; mark; aim, goal; target; decoration,
‫ مَنشط‬munšiṭ spur, incentive, impetus, medal. order; ('1/.) bridal attire
stimulus
‫ نشنجي‬našanjī and ‫ نشانجي‬naānjī
‫ نشع‬naša‘a a (naš‘) to tear out, tear off (‫ هـ‬s.th.) marksman, good shot, sharpshooter
VIII do.
‫ نشنكاه‬nišankāh sight (of a gun)
‫ نشع‬naš‘ leakage water, seepage
‫ نشنش‬našnaša to be nimble, swift, brisk, adroit,
‫ مَنشع‬munašša‘ sodden, soggy, soaked, dexterous, agile, active; to boil up, sizzle,
drenched, soaking wet simmer, bubble II tanašnaša to be nimble
‫ نشف‬našafa u (našf) to suck up, absorb (‫هـ‬ and dexterous; to revive, recover, pick up
s.th.); -- nasifa a to dry, dry up, dry out, (‫ نشو‬and ‫ نشي )نشي‬našiya a (‫ نشوة‬našwa, nušwa,
become dry II to dry, make dry (‫ هـ‬s.th.); nišwa) to be or become intoxicated, be or
to wipe (dry), rub dry (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫نشف ريقه‬ become drunk II to starch (‫ هـ‬clothes,
(rīqahū) to exert o.s., toil hard; to pester, linen) VIII to become intoxicated X to
molest s.o. V = nasifa; to wipe o.s. dry; to smell (‫ هـ‬a scent), to inhale (‫ هـ‬a breeze)
be wiped dry, be dried
‫ نشوة‬našwa fragrance, aroma, scent,
‫ نشف‬našaf desiccation, dryfless perfume; intoxication, drunkenness;
‫ نشاف‬naššāf blotting paper frenzy, delirium │ ‫ نشوة الطرب‬n. aṭ-ṭarab
rapture, elation, exultation, enthusiasm,
‫ نشافة‬naššāfa sheet of blotting paper,
ecstasy
blotting pad; blotter; towel
‫ نشا‬našan scent, perfume; starch,
‫ مَنشفة‬minšafa pl. ‫ مَناشف‬manāšif towel;
cornstarch
cleaning rag; napkin
‫ نشاء‬našā’ starch, cornstarch
‫ تنشيف‬tanšīfdrying
‫ نشوي‬našawī starchy; pl. ‫ نشويات‬starchy
‫ ناشف‬nāšif desiccated, dried up, dry;
foodstuffs
hard, stiff, tough
‫ نشوان‬našawān2, f. ‫ نشوى‬našwā, pl. ‫نشاوى‬
‫ نشق‬našiqa a (našq and našaq) to smell, sniff,
našāwā intoxicated, drunk; enraptured,
inhale (‫ هـ‬sth.); to suff up the nosrils(‫هـ‬
elated, exultant, flushed
s.th.) II and IV to give (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. s.th.) to
smell, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) inhale (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V and ‫ انتشاء‬intišā’ intoxication 967
VIII to inhale, breathe in; to snuff up the ‫ نص‬naṣṣa u (naṣṣ) to fix, lay down, appoint,
nostrils (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( انتشق الهواء‬hawā’a) to stipulate (‫ على‬s.th.), provide (‫ على‬for),
get some fresh air X = I; to nose around ( specify, determine (‫ على‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.), define
‫ هـ‬for), sniff out (‫ هـ‬s.th.) (‫ على‬s.th.); to fix or determine the text (‫هـ‬
‫ نشق‬našq, ‫ تنشق‬tanaššuq and ‫استنشاق‬ of s.th.), draw up, compose (‫ هـ‬a letter); to
istinšāq inhaling, inhalation arrange, stack, pile up in layers (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
to set up, line up (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ نشوق‬našūq, nušūq snuff
‫ نص‬pl. ‫ نصوص‬text; wording, version;
‫ تنشيقة‬tanšīqa pinch of snuff
passage, word, phrase, sentence, clause;
‫ نشل‬našala u (naš) to take away, snatch away, expression, manner of expression,
steal, pilfer (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to extricate (from language, phraseology, style; provision,
dangers, difficulties, etc.), liberate, term, stipulation, condition; arrangement;
deliver, save (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to extricate; to manifestation, evidence │ ‫ بنصه‬verbatim, ‫ب‬
raise, raise aloft; to gather up, pick up ‫ نصه وفصه‬bi-n. wa-faṣṣihī in the very
words, ipsissimis verbis, literally, s.o. IV to tire, fatigue, wear out, exhaust (‫ه‬
precicely; ‫ نصا وروحا‬naṣṣan wa-rūḥan in s.o.); to fix a share or allotment (‫ ه‬for s.o.)
letter and spirit VIII to rise up, straighten up, draw o.s. up;
to plant o.s.; to rise; to get up, stand up,
‫ نصة‬nuṣṣa pl. ‫ نصص‬nuṣaṣ, forelock
get on one’s feet; to stand upright, be in a
‫ مَنصة‬minṣa pl. -āt, ‫ مَناص‬manāṣṣ2 raised vertical position; to be set up, be raised; to
platform, dais, tribune, podium; bridal be appointed (‫ ل‬to an office), hold an
throne; easel │ ‫ مَنصة الحكم‬m. al-ḥukm office (‫( ;)ل‬gram.) to be pronounced with
position of power; ‫ مَنصة الخطابة‬rostrum a (final consonant), be in naṣb (accusative
‫ تنصيص‬tanṣīṣ quotation │ ‫علمَات‬ or subjunctive) │ ‫( انتصب للحكم‬li-l-ḥukm) to
‫‘ التنصيص‬alāmāt at-t. quotation marks sit in judgment

‫ مَنصوص عليه‬manṣūṣ ‘alaihi fixed, ‫ نصب‬setting up, putting up, placing;


appointed, stipulated, provided for, erection; planting, raising (e.g., of a
specified; determined; laid down in flagstaff); appointment, installation,
writing investiture; pronunciation of a final
consonant with a; the putting a noun in the
‫ نصب‬naṣaba u (naṣb) to raise, rear, accusative, or a verb in the subjunctive
erect, set up, put up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to prepare, (gram.); disease, illness; (eg.) swindle,
get ready, fit up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pitch (‫ هـ‬a trickery, skulduggery, deception, fraud
tent); to plant, raise (‫ هـ‬a standard, a
flagstaff), hoist (‫ هـ‬a flag); to plant (‫ هـ‬a ‫ نصب‬naṣb pl. ‫ انصاب‬anṣāb s.th. planted
tree); O to level, aim (‫ هـ‬a cannon); to in the ground, set up, or erected; plants
appoint to an office, install in an official (coll.) 968
position; to show, manifest, display (‫ل‬ ‫ نصب‬nuṣb, nuṣub pl. ‫ انصاب‬anṣāb
toward s.o., ‫ هـ‬evil, enmity); to direct, aim statue; idol, graven image; monument │
(‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., criticism, ‫ على‬against or at ‫( نصب تذكاري‬tadkārī) monument, cenotaph
s.o.); (eg.) to cheat, swindle, dupe, gull,
‫ نصب‬nuṣba (prep.) in front of, opposite,
deceive (‫ على‬s.o.); (gram.) to pronounce (a
facing │ ‫‘( نصب عيني‬ainayya) before my
final consonant) with the vowel a; to put
eyes; ‫‘( جعل )وضع( هـ نصب عينيه‬ainaihi) to
(a noun) in the accusative, put (a verb) in
direct one’s attention to ..., have ... in view
the subjunctive │ ‫( نصب له الحرب‬ḥarba) to
declare war on s.o.; ‫( نصب له شركا‬šarakan) ‫ نصب‬naṣab exertion, strain, hardship,
or ‫( نصب له فخا‬fakkan) to set a trap for s.o.; fatigue; (pl. ‫ انصاب‬anṣāb) flag planted in
‫( نصب له كمينا‬kamīnan) to prepare an the ground
ambush for s.o.; ‫( نصب مَكيدة‬makīdatan) to ‫ نصبة‬naṣba pl. -āt plant
devise a clever plan, hatch a plot; --
naṣaba u (naṣb) to distress, trouble, ‫ نصبة‬nuṣba post; pale, stake, pier,
fatigue, wear out, exhaust (disease or buttress, pillar; signpost, guidepost
sorrow; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to jade (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫نصبوا انفسهم‬ ‫ نصاب‬niṣāb origin, beginning; (Isl.
‫( ل‬anfusahum) they made every effort in Law) minimum amount of property liable
order to ..., they struggled hard to ...; -- to payment of the zakāh tax; minimum
naṣiba a (naṣab) to be tired, fatigued, number or amount; quorum; (pl. -āt, ‫نصب‬
jaded, worn out, exhausted; to exert o.s. to nuṣub) sword hilt, knife handle, saber
the utmost (‫ في‬in) II to set up, set upright, guard │ ‫ في نصابه‬in its proper place, in
rear, raise, lift up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to install (‫ه ه‬ good order, perfectly all right; ‫استقرت المَور‬
s.o. as), appoint (‫ ه ه‬s.o. to an office) │ ‫نص‬ ‫( في نصابها‬istaqarrat) things were
‫( ب اذنيه‬udnaihi) to prick up one’s ears III straightened out, returned to normal; ‫وضع‬
to be hostile (‫ ه‬to s.o.), fight, combat, ‫( الحق في نصابه‬ḥaqqa) to restore justice; ‫رد‬
oppose (‫ ه‬s.o.), display enmity │ ‫ناصبه‬ ‫ وضع( امَرا الى نصابه‬،‫( )اعاد‬radda, a‘āda
‫( الحرب‬ḥarba) to declare war on s.o.; ‫ناصبه‬ amran) to straighten s.th. out, set a matter
‫( الشر‬šarra) to show o.s. openly hostile to right; ‫( عاد الهدوء الى نصابه‬hudū’u) peace has
s.o., open hostilities against s.o.; ‫ناصب‬ been restored; ‫( اتمامَا للنصاب‬itmāman) so as
‫‘( العداء‬adā’a) to declare o.s. the enemy of
to complete the number, in order to round good will (‫ ل‬toward s.o.); to act in good
off the amount faith (‫ ل‬toward s.o.) III to give (‫ ه‬s.o.)
sincere advice; to be sincere in one’s
‫ نصاب‬naṣṣāb fraud, cheat, sharper,
intentions (‫ ه‬toward s.o.) VI to be loyal
swindler, impostor; deceitful, fraudulent
and sincere toward each other VIII to take
‫ نصيب‬naṣīb pl. ‫ نصب‬nuṣub, ‫انصباء‬ good advice, follow an advice X to 969
anṣibā’2, ‫ انصبة‬anṣiba share, participation ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for advice, be advised (‫ ه‬by
(‫ في‬in); share of profits, dividend; luck, s.o.), consult (‫ ه‬s.o.)
chance; fate, lot │ ‫ كان مَن نصيبه‬to fall to
‫ نصح‬naṣḥ, nuṣḥ good advice;
s.o.’s share or lot; ‫ كان مَن نصيبه ان‬to be so
counseling, counsel; guidance
fortunate as to ..., have the good fortune to
...; ‫( كان نصيبه مَن ذلك الخفاق‬ikfāqu) to have ‫ نصيح‬naṣīḥ sincere; faithful adviser
bad luck in s.th., draw a blank; ‫هو على‬ ‫ نصيحة‬naṣīḥa pl. ‫ نصائح‬naṣā’iḥ2 sincere
‫( نصيب وافر مَن‬wāfirin) to have an ample advice; friendly admonition, friendly
share in ... reminder │ ‫ بذل النصيحة‬to give a word of
‫ يا نصيب‬yā-naṣīb lottery advice
‫ مَنصب‬manṣib pl. ‫ مَناصب‬manāṣib2 place ‫ نصوح‬naṣūḥ sincere, true, faithful, loyal
where s.th. is planted, set up, or erected; ‫ استنصاح‬istinṣāḥ consultation
office, dignity, rank, position, poet │ ‫ارباب‬
‫ الممناصب‬or ‫ اصحاب المناصب‬high dignitaries ‫ ناصح‬nāṣiḥ pl. ‫ نصاح‬nuṣṣāḥ, ‫نصح‬
nuṣṣah sincere; good counselor, sincere
‫ مَنصب‬minṣab pl. ‫ مَناصب‬manāṣib2 adviser
kitchen range, cookstove
‫ نصر‬naṣara u (naṣr, ‫ نصور‬nuṣūr) to help, aid,
‫ تنصيب‬tanṣīb appointment, nomination; assist (‫ على ه‬s.o. against); to render
installation, induction (in an official victorious, let triumph (‫ على ه‬s.o. over; of
position) God); to deliver (‫ مَن ه‬s.o. from), keep,
‫ انتصاب‬intiṣāb raising, rearing, righting; protect, save II to Christianize, convert to
setting up, putting up; erection Christianity (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to help, aid, assist,
support, defend, protect (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to try to
‫ ناصب‬nāṣib tiring, wearisome,
help, seek to support (‫ ل‬s.o.), stand up for
exhausting; -- (pl. ‫ نواصب‬nawāṣib2) word
s.o. (‫ ;)ل‬to become a Christian VI to
governing the subjunctive (gram.)
render mutual assistance, help each other
‫ مَنصوب‬manṣūb erected; set-up, raised; VIII to come to s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬aid, be on s.o.’s (
planted in the ground; fixed, fastened, ‫ )ل‬side, side with s.o. (‫ ;)ل‬to be victorious;
attached; installed in office; leveled, to gain a victory, to triumph (‫ على‬over); to
aimed (cannon; ‫ على‬at); (pl. -āt) word in take revenge (‫ مَن‬on) X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for
the accusative or subjunctive assistance
‫ مَنتصب‬muntaṣib set upright, set-up, ‫ نصر‬naṣr help, aid, assistance, support,
raised, planted in the ground; erected; backing; victory; triumph
upright, erect, straight, vertical,
‫ نصرة‬nuṣra help, aid, assistance,
perpendicular
support, backing
‫ نصت‬naṣata i (naṣt) and IV to listen, hearken,
‫ نصراني‬naṣrānī pl. ‫ نصارى‬naṣārā
give ear (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o., ‫ ل‬to s.th.) V to try
Christian
to hear; to eavesdrop, listen secretly
‫ نصرانية‬naṣrānīya Christianity
‫ مَنتصت‬mutanaṣṣit eavesdropper
‫ نصير‬naṣīr pl. ‫ نصراء‬nuṣarā’2 helper;
‫ نصح‬naṣaḥa a (naṣḥ, nuṣḥ, ‫ نصاحة‬naṣāḥa, ‫نصيح‬
supporter, defender, protector; ally,
‫ ة‬naṣīḥa) to give (‫ ل‬,‫ ه‬s.o.) sincere advice,
canfederate; adherent, follower, partisan;
advise, counsel (‫ ل‬,‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬to do s.th.),
furtherer, promoter, patron
admonish. exhort; -- a (naṣḥ, ‫ نصوح‬nuṣūḥ)
to be sincere; to mean well (‫ ل‬with s.o.), ‫ النصيرية‬an-nuṣairīya the Ansarie, a
wish s.o. (‫ )ل‬well, be well-disposed, show gnostic sect in Syria
‫ ناصور‬naṣūr pl. ‫ نواصير‬nawāṣīr2 fistula s.o. in), share equally (‫ هـ ه‬with s.o. s.th.)
IV to be just; to treat with justice (‫ ه‬s.o.),
‫ مَنصر‬manṣar pl. ‫ مَناصر‬manāṣir2 (eg.)
be just (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to see that justice is
band of robbers
done (‫ ه‬to s.o.), see that s.o. (‫ )ه‬gets his
‫ تنصير‬tanṣīr Christianization; baptism right; to treat without discrimination (‫ه‬
‫ مَناصرة‬munāṣara assistance, help, aid, s.o.); to establish s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬right (‫ مَن‬in the
support, backing, furtherance, promotion, face of a rival or oppressor); to serve (‫ه‬
patronage s.o.) V to submit, subordinate o.s. (‫ ه‬to
s.o.), serve (‫ ه‬s.o.); to demand justice VIII
‫ انتصار‬intiṣār (pl. -āt) victory, triumph; to reach its midst, be in the middle, be
revenge midway, be half over (day, night, month,
‫ ناصر‬nāṣir pl. -ūn, ‫ انصار‬anṣār, ‫نصار‬ lifetime); to appeal for justice (‫ مَن‬to),
nuṣṣār helper; protector; granting victory demand justice (‫ مَن‬from); to do justice (‫ل‬
│ ‫ اخذ بناصره‬to help s.o. to s.o.); to take vengeance, revenge o.s. (
‫ مَن‬on) X to demand justice
‫ انصار‬anṣār (pl.) adherents, followers,
partisans, sponsors, patrons, friends; ‫النصا‬ ‫ نصف‬niṣf, pl. ‫ انصاف‬anṣāf half, moiety;
‫ ر‬the Medinan followers of Mohammed middle │ ‫ نصف الدائرة‬semicircle; ‫نصف‬
who granted him refuge after the Hegira ‫ شهري‬šahrī semimonthly; ‫ انصاف العذارى‬a.
al-‘adārā demi-vierges; ‫ نصف القرد‬n. al-
‫ الناصرة‬an-nāṣira Nazareth qird lemur; ‫ نصف القطر‬n. al-quṭr radius;
‫ ناصري‬nāṣirī of Nazareth; Nazarene ‫ نصف الليل‬n. al-lail midnight; ‫ نصف النهار‬n.
an-nahār midday, noon; ‫القسط نصف السنوي‬
‫ مَنصور‬manṣūr supported, aided (by
al-qisṭ niṣf as-sanawī the semiannual
God); victorious, triumphant; victor; ‫المنص‬
installment
‫ ورة‬El Mansûra (city in N Egypt)
‫ نصف‬niṣf (uninfl.) medium, middling;
‫ مَناصر‬munāṣir helper, supporter,
of medium size or quality; middle-aged
defender, protector
‫ نصفي‬niṣfī half-, semi-, hemi-, demi- │
‫ مَنتصر‬muntaṣir victorious, triumphant
‫( تمثال نصفي‬timtāl) bust; ‫( شلل نصفي‬šalal)
‫ نصع‬naṣa‘a a (‫ نصوع‬nuṣū‘) to be clear, pure; to hemiplegia; ‫‘( عمى نصفي‬aman) hemianopia
be plain, evident, obvious, manifest,
‫ نصف‬naṣaf and ‫ نصفة‬naṣafa justice
patent; to recognize (‫ ب‬s.th., esp., a claim
or title) IV to recognize. acknowledge (‫ب‬ ‫ نصيف‬naṣīf veil
s.th.) ‫ تنصيف‬tanṣīf halving, bisection
‫ نصوع‬nuṣū‘ whiteness; brightness (of a ‫ مَناصفة‬munāṣafatan half of it (of them),
color) by halves, half and half, by equal shares,
‫ نصيع‬naṣī‘ pure, clear; plain, evident, fifty-fifty
obvious, ostensible, manifest, patent ‫ انصاف‬inṣāf justice, equity, fairness; just
‫ نصاعة‬naṣā‘a purity; clearness, clarity treatment
(also. e.g., of argumentation, of ‫ ناصف‬nāṣif pl. ‫ نصاف‬nuṣṣāf, ‫ نصف‬naṣaf,
expression) 970 ‫ نصفة‬naṣafa servant
‫ ناصع‬nāṣi‘ pure, clear; plain, evident, ‫ مَنصف‬munaṣṣif halving, bisecting,
obvious, ostensible, manifest, patent; dividing into two equal parts
white │ ‫ ناصع البياض‬n. al-bayāḍ
snowwhite; ‫( حق ناصع‬ḥaqq) plain truth; ‫لهم‬ ‫ مَنصف‬munṣif a righteous, just man;
‫ جباه ناصعة‬approx.: they have a clean slate, equitable, fair, just
their skirts are clean ‫ مَنتصف‬muntaṣaf middle │ ‫في مَنتصف‬
‫ نصف‬naṣafa u i (naṣf) to reach its midst (day), ‫ الطريق‬halfway, midway; ‫مَنتصف الساعة‬
become noon II to divide in the middle, 9:30 ‫العاشرة‬, half past nine; ‫ مَنتصف الليل‬m.
bisect, halve (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to share (‫ ه‬with al-lail midnight; ‫ مَنتصف النهار‬m. an-nahār
s.o.) half of s.th. (‫)هـ‬, go halves (‫ هـ ه‬with midday, noon
‫ نصل‬naṣala a u (‫ نصول‬nuṣūl) to fall out, fall ‫ هـ‬s.th.) ripen; to cook well, do well (‫هـ‬
off, fall to the ground, drop; to fade s.th.)
(color); to get rid (‫ مَن‬of), free o.s. (‫مَن‬ ‫ نضج‬naḍj, nuḍj ripeness, maturity
from) V to free o.s. (‫ مَن‬from), rid o.s. (‫مَن‬
of); to renounce, disavow, shirk (‫ مَن‬s.th.), ‫ نضوج‬nuḍūj ripeness, maturity
withdraw (‫ مَن‬from); to wash one’s hands ‫ نضيج‬naḍīj ripe, mature; well-cooked,
of s.th. (‫)مَن‬, vindicate o.s. clear o.s., well done (food)
justify o.s. │ ‫( تنصل مَن التبعة‬tabi‘a) or ‫تنصل‬
‫( مَن المسؤولية‬mas’ūlīya) to refuse to take ‫ ناضح‬nāḍij ripe, mature; well-cooked,
the responsibility, evade or shirk the well done (food)
responsibility ‫ نضح‬naḍaḥa i (naḍḥ) to wet, moisten, sprinkle,
‫ نصل‬naṣl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ نصال‬niṣāl, ‫ا‬ spray, splash (‫ ب ه‬s.th. with); to water (‫هـ‬
‫ نصل‬anṣul, ‫ نصول‬nuṣūl arrowhead, plants); to slake, quench (‫ هـ‬thirst); to
spearhead; blade or a knife or sword; O defend, protect (‫ عن‬s.th.); to justify,
spread or surface of a leaf (bot.) vindicate (‫ عن‬s.th.), answer (‫ عن‬for); -- a
(naḍḥ) to exude or ooze a fluid (‫ ;)ب‬to
‫ ناصل‬nāṣil falling, dropping; faded sweat, perspire; to leak; to flow over (‫ب‬
‫ نصمة‬naṣama icon, idol, graven image with); to shed, spill (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to effuse (‫هـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ناصية‬nāṣiya pl. ‫ نواص‬nawāṣin forelock; fore
part of the head; (street) corner │ ‫اخذ‬ O ‫ نضاحة‬naḍḍāḥa sprinkler
‫ بناصيته‬to seize, take by the forelock, tackle ‫ مَنضح‬minḍaḥa shower, douche
properly (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫ مَلك ناصيته‬to be or
become muter of s.th., have or get s.th, ‫ مَنضحة‬minḍaḥa pl. ‫ مَناضح‬manāḍiḥ2
under control. muter or control s.th.; ‫امَتلك‬ watering can; shower, douche
‫( نواصيه‬imtalaka) do.; ‫كل المَال مَعقودة بناصيته‬ ‫ نضد‬naḍada i (naḍd) to pile up, stack,
all hopes are pinned on him; ‫حجر الناصية‬ tier, arrange in layers (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to put in
ḥajar an-n. cornerstone, quoin 971 order, array, arrange (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II do.; to
‫ نض‬naḍḍa i (naḍḍ, ‫ نضيض‬naḍīḍ) to ripple, compose, set (‫ هـ‬s.th.; typ.)
drip, percolate, ooze, leak, dribble, trickle ‫ نضد‬naḍad pl. ‫ انضاد‬anḍād, bedstead;
II to move, shake (‫ هـ‬s.th.) pile, stack, rows, tiers (e.g., of sacks)
‫ نض‬naḍḍ cash, hard money, specie, ‫ نضد‬nuḍud tables
coin; ‫ نضا‬naḍḍsn in (hard) cash
‫ نضيد‬naḍīd arranged one above the
‫ مَال ناض‬māl nāḍḍ cash, hard money, other, tiered, in rows, in layers; orderly,
specie, coin tidy, regular
‫ نضب‬naḍaba u (‫ نضوب‬nuḍūb) to seep away in ‫ نضيدة‬naḍīda pl. ‫ نضائد‬naḍā’id2 cushion,
the ground, be absorbed by the ground; to pillow, mattress
dry up, run dry, peter out; to be exhausted,
be depleted, become less, diminish, ‫ مَنضدة‬minḍada pl. -āt, ‫ مَناضد‬manāḍid2
decrease; to dwindle, decline; to die │ َ‫ل‬ table; worktable, desk; bedstead;
‫ ينضب‬inexhaustible, incessant IV to framework, rack, stand
exhaust, drain, deplete, dry up (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ تنضيد‬tanḍīd typesetting, composition
‫ ناضب‬nāḍib pl. ‫ نضب‬nuḍḍab dried up, (typ.)
dry; arid, barren, sterile ‫ مَنضد‬munaḍḍid pl. -ūn typesetter,
‫ نضج‬naḍija a (naḍj) to be or become ripe, compositor (typ.)
ripen, mature (also fig., of an affair, of a ‫ مَنضح‬munaḍḍad forming a regular
personality, or the like); to be well- string, regularly set (esp., of teeth)
cooked, be or become well done (meat); to
‫ نضر‬naḍara u, naḍira a and naḍura u (‫نضرة‬
maturate (tumor) IV to bring to ripeness or
naḍra, ‫ نضور‬nuḍūr, ‫ نضارة‬naḍara) to be
maturity, make ripe, ripen (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to let (
flourishing, blooming, verdant, fresh,
beautiful; to be bright, brilliant, luminous, ‫ نضو‬naḍw pl. ‫ انضاء‬anḍā’ a worn,
radiant II to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) shine; to make tattered garment
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) bloom V to be verdant, blooming, ‫ نضو‬niḍw pl. ‫ انضاء‬anḍā’ lean
in blossom
‫ نط‬naṭṭa u (naṭṭ) to spring, jumps leap; to skip,
‫ نضر‬naḍir flourishing, blooming, hop
verdant, fresh, radiant, glowing
‫ نط‬naṭṭ jumping, jump │ ‫ نط الحبل‬n. al-
‫ نضرة‬naḍra bloom, dower, freshness; ḥabl skipping the rope (children’s game);
glamour, splendor; beauty; health, vigor; ‫ نط طولي‬ṭūlī) broad jump
opulence, wealth
‫ نطة‬naṭṭa (n. vic.) jump, leap
‫ نضار‬nuḍār (pure) gold
‫ نطاط‬naṭṭāṭ jumper; a variety of
‫ نضارة‬naḍāra bloom, dower, freshness; grasshopper; restless, ftighty, lightheaded
youthfulness; gracefulness, grace; health,
vigor 972 ‫ نطح‬naṭaḥa a (naṭḥ) to push, thrust
(with the head or horns), butt III to bump (
‫ نضير‬naḍīr flourishing, blooming, ‫ هـ‬on or against s.th.), ram (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
verdant, fresh, radiant, glowing; gold touch (‫ ه‬s.th.) VI and VIII to thrust or butt
‫ ناضر‬nāḍir flourishing, blooming, one another; to struggle (with one another)
verdant, fresh, radiant, glowing, beautiful ‫ نطح‬naṭḥ push(ing), thrust(ing), butting;
‫ نضف‬naḍaf wild marjoram el Nath, a star in the horn of Aries, α
Arietis (astron)
‫ نضف‬naḍif dirty, unclean
‫ نطحة‬naṭḥa (n. vic.) push, thrust, butt
‫ نضيف‬naḍīf dirty, unclean
‫ نطاح‬naṭṭāḥ given to butting, a butter
‫ نضل‬naḍala u (naḍl) to surpass, beat, defeat (‫ه‬
s.o.) III to try to surpass (‫ ه‬s.o.), vie, ‫ نطيح‬naṭīḥ butted
compete, contend, dispute (‫ه‬with s.o.); to ‫ مَناطحة‬munāṭaḥa bullfight
defend (‫عن‬.o.)s stand up for s.o. (‫ )عن‬VI to
vie with one another ‫ ناطح‬nāṭiḥ: ‫ ناطحة السحاب‬n. as-saḥāb pl.
‫ نواطح السحاب‬nawāṭiḥ as-s. skyscraper
‫ نضال‬niḍāl struggle, strife, dispute,
controversy, fight, battle; contest, ‫ نطر‬naṭara u (naṭr, ‫ نطارة‬niṭāra) to
competition: defense, defensive battle watch, guard (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ نضالي‬niḍālī combative, pugnacious ‫ نطر‬naṭr watch, guard, protection
‫ مَناضلة‬munāḍala struggle, strife, ‫ نطارة‬niṭāra watch, guard, protection
dispute, controversy, fight, battle; contest, ‫ نطار‬nuṭṭār scarecrow
competition; defense, defensive battle
‫ ناطر‬nāṭir pl. ‫ نطار‬nuṭṭār, ‫ نطراء‬nuṭarā’2,
‫ مَناضل‬munāḍil fighters combatant, ‫ نطرة‬naṭara, ‫ نواطر‬nawāṭir2 guard, keeper,
defender warden (esp., of plantations and
‫ نضناض‬naḍnāḍ hissing viciously, flicking its vineyards), rural warden; lookout in a
tongue menacingly (snake) ship’s crow’s-nest
(‫ نضا )نضو‬naḍā u (naḍw) to take off (‫ هـ‬a ‫ ناطور‬nāṭūr pl. ‫ نواطير‬nawāṭīr2 guard,
garment, one’s clothes); to undress (‫عن‬ keeper, warden (esp., of plantations and
s.o.), ‫ نضا عن نفسه‬to get undressed; (naḍw, vineyards), rural warden; lookout in a
nuḍūw) to dwindles wane, decline; to fade ship’s crow’s-nest
(esp., color) II to take off (‫ هـ‬a garment), ‫ ناطورة‬nāṭūra (syr.) (woman) chaperon
strip (‫ عن‬s.o.) of a garment (‫ )هـ‬IV to
exhaust, jades make lean (‫ هـ‬a riding ‫ نطرون‬naṭrūn natron, esp., the native product
animal); to wear out, wear thin (‫ ه‬s.th.) of Egypt which is extracted from the salt
VIII to unsheathe (s a sword) lakes of Wādī Naṭrūn northwest of Cairo
‫ نطس‬V to examine thoroughly, investigate ‫ مَنطق‬manṭiq (faculty of) speech;
carefully, scrutinize (‫ عن‬s.th.); to possess manner of speaking, diction, enunciation;
or employ much skill, be proficient (‫ ب‬in eloquence; logic │ ‫ ليس مَن المنطق ان‬it is
s.th.) 973 illogical to …; ‫‘ علم المنطق‬ilm al-m. logic
‫ نطس‬naṭs, naṭus well-informed, ‫ مَنطقي‬manṭiqī logical; dialectic(al); --
knowledgeable, experienced, seasoned, (pl. ‫ مَناطقة‬manāṭiqa) logician; dialectician
skilled ‫ مَنطق‬minṭaq pl. ‫ مَناطق‬manāṭiq2 belt,
‫ نطاسي‬naṭāsī, niṭāsī well-informed, girdle
knowledgeable, experienced, seasoned, ‫ مَنطقة‬minṭaqa pl. ‫ مَناطق‬manāṭiq 2 belt,
skilled; (pl. ‫ نطس‬nuṭus) a skilled, girdle; zone; vicinity, range, sphere,
experienced physician district, area, territory; O (mil.) sector │ O
‫ نطع‬pass. nuṭi’a to change colors, turn pale V ‫ مَنطقة الَحتلل‬occupied territory; ‫المنطقة الحارة‬
to be pigheaded, obstinate (ḥārra) the Torrid Zones the tropics; O
‫ مَنطقة البترول‬oil area, oil fields; ‫مَنطقة البروج‬
‫ نطع‬naṭ’, niṭ’ pl. ‫ انطاع‬anṭā’, ‫ نطوع‬nuṭū’
the zodiac (astron.); ‫ مَنطقة الجوزاء‬m. al-
leather mat used as a tablecloth and
jauzā’ Orion’s Belt (astron.); O ‫مَنطقة حرام‬
gaming boards in former times also during
(ḥarām) or ‫ مَنطقة مَمنوعة‬prohibited area;
executions
‫ مَنطقة الحرب‬m. al-ḥarb war zone; O ‫مَنطقة‬
‫ نطع‬niṭ’, niṭa’ pl. ‫ نطوع‬nuṭū’ hard palate ‫( حرة‬ḥurra) free zone; O ‫مَنطقة صماء‬
‫ الحروف الناطعة‬al-ḥurūf an-nāṭi’a the (ṣammā’) dead zone (of radio waves);
sounds ‫ د‬,‫ ت‬and ‫( ط‬phon.) ‫( مَنطقة صناعية‬ṣinā’īya) industrial area; O
‫ مَنطقة الضرب‬m. aḍ-ḍarb field of fire; O
‫ نطف‬naṭafa u i (naṭf, ‫ تنطاف‬tanṭāf, ‫نطفان‬ ‫( مَنطقة كروية‬kurawīya) spherical zone; ‫المنطق‬
naṭafān, ‫ نطافة‬niṭāfa) to dribble, trickle ‫( تان المعتدلتان‬mu’tadilatān) the two
‫ نطفة‬nuṭfa pl. ‫ نطف‬nuṭaf drop; sperm Temperate Zones; O ‫مَنطقة مَجردة مَن‬
‫( التجهيزات الحربية‬mujarrada, ḥarbīya)
‫ نطق‬naṭaqa u (nuṭq, ‫ نطوق‬nuṭūq, ‫ مَنطق‬manṭiq) demilitarized zone; ‫ مَنطقة النفوذ‬sphere of
to articulate; to talk, speak, utter (‫ ب‬s.th.); influence
to pronounce (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫( نطق بكلمة‬bi-
kalima) to lay a word II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ مَنطقي‬minṭaqī zonal
speak or pronounce; to gird, girdle (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ مَنطيق‬minṭīq very eloquent
IV to make (‫ هـ‬s.o.) speak or talk V to gird
o.s.; to be surrounded X to question (‫هـ‬ ‫ استنطاق‬istinṭāq examination,
s.o.); to interrogate, examine, cross- interrogation, hearing; questioning
examine (‫ هـ‬s.o.) ‫ ناطق‬nāṭiq talking, speaking; endowed
‫ نطق‬nuṭq articulated speech; with the faculty of speech; eloquent; plain,
pronunciation; word, saying, utterance; distinct, clear; endowed with reason,
order, ordinances decree │ ‫صدر النطق السامَي‬ reasonable, rational (being); speaker (also,
‫ ب‬it was decreed by order of His Majesty e.g., in parliament); spokesman │ ‫الناطقون‬
that ...; ‫( نطق بالحكم‬ḥukm) pronouncement ‫ بالضاد‬the Arabic-speaking portion of
of sentence; ‫ فاقد النطق‬dumfounded, mankind (lit.: those who pronounce the
speechless ḍād) ‫( حيوان ناطق‬ḥayawān 974 nāṭiq)
rational being; ‫ دليل ناطق‬conclusive
‫ نطقي‬nuṭqī phonetic(al) evidence; ‫ شريط ناطق‬sound film; ‫جريدة ناطقة‬
‫نطا‬r niṭāq pl. ‫ نطق‬nuṭuq girths girdle, newsreel
belt; O garrison belt; circle, ring, ‫ مَنطوق‬manṭūq pronounced, uttered,
enclosure; limit, boundary; range, extent, expressed; wording; text; statement;
scope, compass, sphere, domain, purview; formulation │ ‫ بالمنطوق‬according to the
cordon │ ‫ نطاق الجوزاء‬n. al-jauzā’ Orion’s text; expressly, explicitly, unequivocally;
Belt (astron.); ‫ نطاق الحصار‬blockade ring; ‫ مَنطوق الحكم‬m. al-ḥukm dispositive portion
‫ واسع النطاق‬comprehensive; extensive, far- of the judgment (jur.); ‫ مَنطوق العقد‬m.
reaching; large-scale al-’aqd the exact terms of the contract; ‫مَنط‬
‫ وق القانون‬text of the law, legal text; ‫مَنطوق‬ time, wait VI to face each other, lie
‫ الكلمة‬m. al-kalima literal meaning of a opposite; to he symmetrical (math.); to
word dispute, argue (with one another); to
quarrel (‫ على‬about), fight (‫ على‬over s.th.);
‫ مَستنطق‬mustanṭiq examining magistrate
to contend (with each other) (‫ على‬for s.th.),
‫ نطل‬naṭala u (naṭl) to squeeze out; to apply contest each other’s right (‫ على‬to s.th.)
warm compresses (‫ هـ‬to), foment, bathe VIII to wait (‫ ه‬for s.o.), expect (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
with warm water or medicated liquid (‫هـ‬ s.th.), await, anticipate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to look
s.th.) closely (‫ ه‬at s.o.); to look on expectantly,
‫ نطول‬naṭūl warm compress; bide one’s time,
fomentation, lavation or hath in a wait │ ‫ انتظر الشيء الكبير مَن‬to expect
medicated liquid much of …; ‫( انتظر مَن ورائه كل خير‬wara’ihi
‫ نطنط‬naṭnaṭa to hop up and down, skip kulla kairin) to set the greatest
expectations in s.th. X to wait, await,
‫ نظر‬naẓara u (naẓar, ‫ مَنظر‬manẓar) to perceive expect; to have patience, be patient; to
with the eyes, see, view, eye, regard (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬ request a delay or respite; to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
or ‫ الى‬s.o., s.th.), look, gaze, glance (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or wait, keep (‫ ه‬s.o.) waiting
‫ الى‬at), watch, observe, notice (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫الى‬
s.o., s.th.), pay attention (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫ الى‬to); to ‫ نظر‬naẓar pl. ‫ انظار‬anẓār seeing,
expect (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to envisages consider, eyesight, vision; look, glance, gaze; sight;
contemplates purpose (‫ هـ‬or ‫ في‬s.th.); to outlook, prospect; view; aspect;
have in mind, have in view (‫ الى‬s.th.), put appearance, evidence; insight,
one’s mind, direct one’s attention (‫ الى‬to discernment, penetration; perception;
s.th.); to take up, try, hear (‫ في‬a case; contemplation; examination (‫ في‬of);
court), look into a case (‫)في‬, examine (‫ هـ‬or inspection, study, perusal; consideration,
‫ في‬a case); to judge, rule, decide (‫بين‬ reflection; philosophical speculation;
between two litigant parties); to take care theory; handling (‫ في‬of a 975 matter); trial,
(‫ ل‬of s.o.), help (‫ ل‬s.o.), stand by s.o. (‫)ل‬, hearing (‫ في‬of a case in court);
look after s.o. (‫( نظر اليه شزرا │ )ل‬šazran) supervision, control, surveillance;
to give s.o. a sidelong glances look competence, jurisdiction; attention, heed,
askance at s.o.; (‫نظر القضية )في القضية‬ regard, notice, observance, respect,
(qaḍīya) to try a case (jurs); ‫نظر في طلب‬ consideration, care │ (‫ ل‬or) ‫ نظر‬in view
‫( فلن‬ṭalabī f.) to process s.o.’s application, of, with a view to, in regard to, with
take care of s.o.’s application; ‫نظر مَن فرجة‬ respect to, in consideration of, on the basis
(‫( المفتاح )فوهة المفتاح‬furjat l-miftāḥ, fūhati l- of, due to, because of, for; ‫ بالنظر ل‬do.;
m.) to peep through the keyhole; ‫انظر بعده‬ ‫( بصرف النظر عن‬bi-ṣarfi n-n.) or ‫بقطع النظر‬
unẓur ba’dahū see below! ‫انظر ظهره‬ ‫( عن‬bi-qaṭ‘i n-n.) regardless of,
(ẓahrahū) see reverse! please turn over! II irrespective of; ‫ تحت النظر‬under
to make comparisons, draw parallels (‫بين‬ considerations being studied, being dealt
between) III to equal (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), be with; ‫ دون النظر الى‬irrespective of,
equal (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to equalize, put regardless of; ‫ في نظري‬in my eyes, in my
on an equal footing (‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬s.o., s.th. opinion; ‫ للنظر فى‬for the study of, for
with), equate, liken, compare (‫ ه‬,‫ ب هـ‬s.o., consideration, for further examination of,
s.th. to); to vie, compete, be in for handling …, for action on …; O ‫النظر‬
competition (s with s.o.), rival (‫ ه‬s.o.); to ‫( الى الحياة‬ḥayāh) weltanschauung; ‫اعادة النظر‬
argue, debate, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o.), point i‘ādat an-n. re-examination,
out (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.) by way of argument reconsideration, resumption, retrial,
or objection, confront (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to revision; ‫ اهل النظر‬ahl an-n. speculative
superintend, supervise (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to grant thinkers; theoreticians, theorists; ‫بعيد النظر‬
(‫ ه‬s.o.) a delay or respite V to regard, or ‫ طويل النظر‬farsighted; ‫ قصر النظر‬qiṣar
watch or observe attentively (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., an-n. shortsightedness; ‫قصير النظر‬
s.th.), look closely (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬at s.o., at s.th.), shortsighted; ‫( المحكمة ذات النظر‬maḥkama)
scrutinize (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to bide one’s the court of competent jurisdiction; ‫مَسألة‬
‫( فيها نظر‬mas’ala) an unsettled, open ‫ نظارة‬naẓẓāra pl. -āt field glass,
question, an unsolved problem; ‫مَن له نظر‬ binocular; telescope, spyglass; (pair of)
(man) s.o. noteworthy, a distinguished eyeglasses, spectacles (occasionally also
man; the responsibles or authorized, pl. ‫ نظارات‬with singular meaning: a pair of
person; ‫ اخذ بالنظر‬to catch the eye; ‫ادار نظره‬ eyeglasses); (pair of) goggles │ ‫نظارة فردية‬
‫( في‬adāra) to let one’s eyes roam over …; (fardīya) or ‫ نظارة واحدة‬eyeglass, monocle;
‫ تابع )راجع( بالنظر ل‬falling to the O ‫( نظارة مَعظمة‬mu’aẓẓima) magnifying
responsibility of, under the jurisdiction of, glass; ‫ نظارة الميدان‬n. al-maidān field glass
subject to the authority of; ‫ سارق النظر اليه‬or ‫ نظاراتي‬naẓẓārātī optometrist; optician
‫ سارقه النظر‬or ‫( استرق النظر اليه‬naẓara) to
glance furtively at s.o., give s.o. a ‫ نظارة‬niẓāra supervision, control,
surreptitious look; ‫ في هذا المَر نظر‬this inspection, management, administration,
matter calls for careful study, will have to direction; ministry (now obsolete) 976
be considered; ‫ قطع النظر عن‬to take no ‫ ناظور‬nāẓūr field glass
account of, disregard s.th.; ‫هو تحت نظر فلن‬
he is under the protection of so-and-so, he ‫ مَنظر‬manẓar pl. ‫ مَناظر‬manāẓir2 sight;
is patronized by so-and-so view, panorama; look(s), appearance,
aspect; prospect, outlook, perspective; an
‫ نظر‬similar, like; equal │ ‫عديم النظر‬ object soon or viewed, photographic
unparalleled, unequaled, matchless, object; scene (of a play); spectacle; stage
unique of his (its) kind setting, set, scenery; place commanding a
‫ نظرة‬naẓra pl. naẓarāt looks glance; sweeping view; lookout, watchtower │
sights view; viewings contemplation (‫الى‬ ‫‘( مَنظر عام‬āmm) general view, panorama,
of s.th.); pl. ‫( نظرات‬philosophical) landscape, scenery; O ‫مَناظر خارجية‬
reflections (kārijīya) shots on location (in motion-
picture making); ‫( مَناظر طبيعية‬ṭabī‘īya)
‫ نظرة‬naẓira delay, postponements scenic views, scenery, landscapes
deferment (of an obligation)
‫ مَنظرة‬manẓara pl. ‫ مَناظر‬manāẓir2 place
‫ نظري‬naẓarī optic(al); visual; commanding a scenic view; view, scenery,
theoretic(al); speculative landscape, panorama; watchtower,
‫ نظرية‬naẓarīya theory; theorem; observatory; guestroom, reception room,
reflection, meditation, contemplation drawing room, parlor
‫ نظير‬naẓīr pl. ‫ نظراء‬nuẓarā’2, f. pl. ‫نظائر‬ O ‫ مَنظر‬minẓar (pair of) eyeglasses,
naẓā’r2 similar, like, same, equal, spectacles; telescope, spyglass
matching, corresponding, comparable; an ‫ مَنظار‬minẓār pl. ‫ مَناظير‬manāẓīr2
equivalent; facings opposites parallel; telescope, spyglass; magnifying glass;
(with foll. genit.) in the manner of. in the mirror, speculum, -scope (e.g.,
same manner as, just like, just as; laryngoscope) │ ‫( مَنظار مَعظم‬mu‘aẓẓim)
transcript, copy │ ‫ نظير‬naẓīra (prep.) as a magnifying glass; ‫( رقب بمنظار اسود‬aswada)
compensation for, in consideration of, in to have a pessimistic outlook, look on the
return for, in exchange for, for, on, e.g., ‫نظي‬ dark side of everything
‫( ر دفع خمسين مَليما‬daf‘ k. malīman) on
paying 50 millièmes; ‫ نظراؤه‬people of his ‫مَنا‬‫ ظرة‬munāẓara emulation, rivalry,
kinds people like him; ‫ نظير السمت‬n. as- competition; quarrel, argument.
samt or ‫ النظير‬nadir (astr.); (‫مَقطوع )مَنقطع‬ altercation, debate, dispute, discussion,
‫ النظير‬incomparable; ‫ليس له نظير‬ controversy; supervision, control,
unparalleled, unequaled, matchless, inspection
unique of his (its) kind ‫ تناظر‬tanāẓur difference of opinion,
‫ نظيرة‬naẓīra head, foremost rank │ ‫في‬ squabble, wrangle, altercation; symmetry
‫( نظيرة‬with foils genit.) at the head of (math.)
‫ نظار‬naẓẓār keen-eyed; (pl. ‫نظارة‬ ‫ انتظار‬intiẓār waiting, wait; expectation
naẓẓāra) spectator, onlooker │ ‫ على غير انتظار‬unexpectedly
‫ ناظر‬nāẓir pl. ‫ نظار‬nuẓẓār observer, organize (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stage (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
viewer, spectator, onlooker; overseer, compose (one’s words) metrically,
supervisor; inspector; manager, director, poetize, versify, write poetry V and VI to
superintendent, administrator, principal, be strung; to be ordered, be in good order,
chief, (cabinet) minister (now obsolete) │ be well-arranged, be well-organized VIII
‫ ناظر الوقف‬n. al-waqf trustee of a wakf, do.; to be classified; to affiliate (‫ في‬with);
administrator of a religious endowment to enter, join (‫ في‬an organization, a
corporation); to permeate, pervade (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ ناظرة‬nāẓira administratress, directress,
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to come over s.o. (‫)ه‬, seize, befall,
manageress, headmistress, matron
overcome (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬s.o.’s limbs, s.o.’s
‫ ناظرة‬nāẓir and ‫ ناظرة‬nāẓira pl. ‫نواظر‬ body; of a sentiment, tremor, shudder,
nawāẓir2 eye; look. glance │ ‫بين ناظريه‬ etc.)
(nāẓiraihi) before his eyes
‫ نظم‬naẓm order; arrangement; system;
‫ مَنظور‬manẓūr seen; visible; foreseen, institution, organization; string of pearls;
anticipated, expected; supervised, under verse, poetry
supervision, controlled; envied, regarded
‫ نظام‬niẓām pl. -āt, ‫ نظم‬nuẓum, ‫انظمة‬
with the evil eye; under consideration
anẓima proper arrangement, regularity;
(case), pending (complaint, lawsuit; ‫ امَام‬in
conformity, congruity; methodical,
a court) │ ‫ مَنظور اليه‬one under supervision,
organic structure; organization; order;
subordinate, underling, protégé, charge,
method; system; rule, statute, law; system
ward, pupil; ‫ غير مَنظور‬invisible;
of regulations │ ‫ على هذا النظام‬along this
unforeseen, unexpected; ‫ادوات مَنظورة‬
line, in this manner; ‫ نظام الجانب‬alien
(adawāt) visual training aids; ‫دعوى مَنظورة‬
status; alien act; ‫نظام الحوال الشخصية‬
(da‘wā) pending lawsuit; ‫الشخص المنظور في‬
(šakṣīya) personal statute (jur.); ‫نظام اساسي‬
‫( أمَره‬šakṣ) person whose case is under
(asāsī) (basic) constitutional law, statutes,
consideration
constitution; ‫( نظام اقتصادي‬iqtiṣādī)
‫ مَناظر‬munāẓir similar, like, equal; economic system; ‫ نظام البادية‬al-bādiya
competitor, rival, adversary, opponent agricultural system; ‫ نظام البوليس والدارة‬n.
(esp., in a discussion); interlocutor al-būlīs wa-l-idāra police and
‫ نظف‬naẓufa u (‫ نظف‬naẓufa) to be clean, administrative system; ‫ نظام جوازات السفر‬n.
cleanly, neat, tidy II to clean, cleanse, jawāzāt as-safar passport system; ‫نظام الحياة‬
polish (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to clean o.s., become n. al-ḥayāt (way of) life; ‫النظام الرأسمالي‬
clean (ra’smālī) the capitalistic economic
system; ‫‘( النظام العام‬āmm) public order; ‫نظام‬
‫ نظافة‬naẓāfa cleanness, cleanliness, ‫ المرور‬traffic laws
neatness, tidiness
‫ نظامَي‬niẓāmī orderly, regular, normal;
‫ نظيف‬naẓīf pl. ‫ نظفاء‬nuẓafā’2, ‫ نظاف‬niẓāf methodical, systematic; regular (army)
clean, neat, tidy; well-groomed, well-
tended ‫ تنظيم‬tanẓīm arrangement; readjustment,
reorganization, reform; control,
‫ انظف‬anẓaf2 cleaner, neater regulation, adjustment; organization;
‫ تنظيف‬tanẓīf pl. -āt cleaning, cleansing tactics; road construction (Eg.) │ ‫تنظيم‬
│ ‫ تنظيف الظفار‬manicure ‫ المرور‬traffic control; ‫ اعادة التنظيم‬i‘ādat t-t.
reorganization
‫ نظلي‬naẓlī (eg.) delicate, feminine
‫ انتظام‬intiẓām order, regularity;
‫ نظم‬naẓama i (naẓm, ‫ نظام‬niẓām) and II to string methodicalness, systematic arrangement │
(‫ هـ‬pearls); to put in order, to order (‫هـ‬ ‫ بانتظام‬regularly, accurately; ‫في انتظام‬
s.th.); to array, arrange, classify, file (‫هـ‬ regular, fixed, ordered, methodical,
s.th.); to adjust (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to set, regulate (‫هـ‬ systematic, orderly, normal
s.th.); to tune (‫ هـ‬an instrument); to layout,
get ready, prepare (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to set right, ‫ ناظم‬nāẓim arranger; organizer, adjuster;
rectify, correct (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to put together, regulator; versifier, poet; (pl. ‫نواظم‬
group, make up, 977 assemble (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to nawāẓim2) weir, barrage (Ir.)
‫ مَنظوم‬manẓūm ordered, orderly, tidy; ‫ نعار‬na‘‘ār noisy, uproarious,
metrical, poetical; poem; pl. -āt poetries, vociferous, clamoring, shouting; agitator,
poetical works rabble rouser
‫ مَنظومَة‬manẓūma treatise in verse, ‫ نعير‬na‘īr noise, din, clamor, shouting;
didactic poem; row, rank bellowing, mooing, lowing (esp., of cattle)
‫ مَنظم‬munaẓẓim arranger, organizer; ‫ نعارة‬na‘āra, na‘‘āra earthen jug
promoter, sponsor (sometimes with two handles), pot
‫ مَنظم‬munaẓẓam arranged, ordered, kept ‫ ناعور‬nā‘ūr O hemophilia
in order, orderly, tidy; neat, welltended, ‫ ناعورة‬nā‘ūra pl. ‫ نواعر‬nawā‘ir2 noria,
well-kept; systematically arranged, Persian wheel
systematized; regular │ ‫( جيش مَنظم‬jaiš)
regular army; ‫ غير مَنظم‬irregular ‫ نعس‬na‘asa a u (na‘s) to be sleepy, drowsy; to
take a nap, to doze, slumber; to be dull,
‫ مَنظم‬munaẓẓama pl. -āt organization │ listless, slack, stagnant (market, trade) II
‫( مَنظمة التغذية والزراعة‬m. at-tagdīya) Food and IV to make sleepy, put to sleep (‫ ه‬s.o.)
and Agriculture organization, F. A.O. VI to pretend to be sleepy or asleep; to
‫ مَنتظم‬muntaẓim regular; even, uniform, doze, be sleepy, feel drowsy
steady, orderly; methodical; systematic │ ‫ نعسة‬na‘sa doze, nap, slumber
O ‫( مَوجات مَنتظمة‬maujāt) uniform waves
(radio) ‫ نعاس‬nu‘ās sleepiness, drowsiness;
lethargy
‫ نعب‬na‘aba a i (na‘b, ‫ نعيب‬na‘īb) to croak, caw
(raven); -- a (na‘b) to speed along ‫ نعسان‬na‘sān2 sleepy, drowsy
‫ نعاب‬nu‘āb croak(ing), caw (of a raven) ‫ ناعس‬nā‘is pl. ‫ نعس‬nu‘s sleepy, drowsy;
dozing, slumbering
‫ نعاب‬na‘‘āb croaking, cawing; ominous,
ill-boding ‫ نعش‬na‘aša a (na‘š), II and IV to raise, lift up;
to revive, reanimate; to refresh, invigorate,
‫ نعت‬na’ata a (na’t) to describe, characterize (‫هـ‬ animate, arouse, stimulate, enliven,
‫ ه‬, s.o. s.th.), qualify (‫ هـ‬s.th.) inspirit (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to rise from a fall; to
‫ نعت‬naft description, qualification, recover, recuperate from illness; to be
characterization; -- (pl. ‫ نعوت‬nu’ūt) animated, be refreshed, be stimulated, be
quality, property, attribute, characteristic; invigorated, be strengthened, revive, come
descriptive, qualifying word, qualifier; to new life
attribute (gram.); epithet 978 ‫ نعش‬n‘š bier │ ‫ بنات نعش الصغرى‬banāt n.
‫ نعتي‬na‘tī descriptive, qualifying, a-ṣugrā Ursa Minor (astron.); ‫بنات نعش‬
qualificative ‫ الكبرى‬b. n. al-kubrā Ursa Major (astron.)
‫ مَنعوت‬man‘ūt substantive accompanied ‫ نعشة‬na‘ša: ‫ نعشة الموت‬n. al-maut
by as attribute euphoria; swan song, death song
‫ نعجة‬na‘ja pl. na‘ajāt, ‫ نعاج‬ni‘āj female sheep, ‫ انعاش‬in‘āš animation, reanimation,
ewe resuscitation, restoration to life;
refreshment; reconstruction, restoration │
‫ نعر‬na‘ara a i (‫ نعير‬na‘īr, ‫ نعار‬ni‘ār) to grunt; to
O ‫( انعاش اقتصادي‬iqtiṣādī) economic boost
cry, scream, roar, bellow; to spurt, gush
forth (blood from a wound) ‫ انتعاش‬inti‘āš resurgence, revival;
animation, invigoration, stimulation,
‫ نعرة‬na‘ra Daile, din, clamor, roar
refreshment, recreation
‫ نعرة‬nu‘ara pl. -āt, ‫ نعر‬nu‘ar horsefly,
‫ مَنعش‬mun‘iš animating, refreshing,
gadfly
invigorating, restorative
‫ نعرة‬na‘ara, nu‘ara pl. -āt haughtiness,
‫ نعظ‬na‘aẓa a (na‘ẓ, na‘aẓ, ‫ نعوظ‬nu‘ūẓ) to be
arrogance, pride │ ‫( نعرة اقليمية‬iqlīmīya)
erect (penis) IV to be sexually excited
jingoism, chauvinism
‫ ناعوظ‬nā‘ūẓ exciting sexual desire, youth they have! ‫ انه نعم الخليل‬innahū n. al-
sexually stimulating, aphrodisiac kalīlu he is a wonderful friend indeed! ‫فبها‬
‫ ونعمت‬fa-bihā wa-ni‘mat in that case it’s
‫ نعق‬na‘aq a i (na‘q, ‫ نعيق‬na‘īq) to croak, caw
all right; ‫( نعم مَا فعلت‬fa‘alta) well done!
(raven); to bleat (sheep); to cry, scream,
screech ‫ نعم‬na‘am yes! yes indeed! certainly!
surely! (introducing a verbal clause:) to be
‫ ناعق‬nā‘iq: ‫ كل ناعق وناعر‬that is alive and
sure ... ; na’am’ (colloq.) I beg your
astir, everybody and his brother, every
pardon? what did you say?
Tom, Dick and Harry
‫ نعم‬na‘am pl. ‫ انعام‬an‘ām grazing
‫ نعل‬na‘ala a (na‘l), II and IV to furnish with
livestock (sheep, camels, cattle, goats)
shoes (‫ ه‬s.o.), shoe (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬a horse); --
na‘ila a (na‘al) to be shod V = na‘ila VIII ‫ نعمة‬na’ma life of ease, good living;
to wear sandals; to wear shoes, be shod amenity, comfort; prosperity; happiness;
enjoyment, pleasure, delight
‫ نعل‬na‘l pl. ‫ نعال‬ni‘āl, ‫ انعل‬an‘ul sandal;
shoe; horseshoe ‫ نعمة‬ni‘ma pl. ‫ نعم‬ni‘am, ‫ انعم‬an‘um, ‫نعما‬
‫ ت‬ni‘māt, ni‘imāt benefit, blessing, boon,
‫ ناعل‬nā‘il shod; soled 979
benefaction, favor, grace, kindness │ ‫بنعمة‬
‫ نعم‬na‘ama u a and na‘ima a (‫ نعمة‬na‘ma, ‫مَنعم‬ ‫ ا‬by the grace of God; ‫ واسع النعمة‬very
man‘am) to live in comfort, and luxury, well off, wealthy, rich; ‫ النعم الثلثة‬the Three
lead a life of ease, lead a comfortable and Graces; (‫ ولي نعمته )نعمه‬walīy ni‘matihī
carefree life; to be delighted (‫ ب‬by), be (ni‘amihī) his benefactor
happy, be glad (‫ ب‬about, at), be pleased (‫ب‬
‫ نعمى‬nu‘mā happiness
with), delight, take pleasure (‫ ب‬in); to
enjoy, savor, taste, experience (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫ نعماء‬na‘mā’ favor, good will, grace │
‫( نعم بالَ ب‬na‘ima bālan) to feel serene and ‫( في النعماء والبأساء‬wa-l-ba’sā’) in good and
confident about ...; -- na‘ima a (na‘am) to bad days
be green and tender (twig); to be or ‫ نعمان‬nu‘mān blood │‫شقائق النعمان‬
become fine, powdery; -- na‘uma u (‫نعومَة‬ anemone (bot.)
nu‘ūma) to be soft, tender, smooth II to
smooth, soften (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pulverize, ‫ نعام‬na‘ām (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫نعائم‬
powder (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to accustom to luxury (‫ه‬ na‘ā’im2 ostrich (zool.)
s.o.); to pamper, coddle, effeminate, ‫ نعيم‬na‘īm amenity, comfort, ease,
provide with a life of ease (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to happiness, felicity; gentle, tranquil,
make good, nice, comfortable, pleasant (‫هـ‬ peaceful │ ‫ نعيم ا‬the grace of God, the
or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to give (‫ ب على‬s.o. s.th.), blessings of God
bestow, confer (‫ ب على‬upon s.o. s.th.); to
bestow favors (‫ على‬upon s.o.), be ‫ النعائم‬an-na‘ā’im name of several stars
graciously disposed (‫ على‬toward s.o.); to in Sagitta (astron.)
apply o.s., devote o.s. (‫ في‬to s.th.), take ‫ نعومَة‬nu‘ūma softness, smoothness,
great pains (‫ في‬with s.th.) │ ‫انعم ا صباحك‬ tenderness, delicacy, fineness, finely
(ṣabāḥaka) good morning! ‫انعم النظر في‬ ground state, powdery consistency │ ‫مَن‬
(naẓara) to look closely at, scrutinize s.th., ‫ )مَنذ( نعومَة اظفاره‬from his earliest youth,
regard s.th. attentively, pore over s.th., since his tender age
become engrossed in, ponder s.th. V to
live in luxury, lead a life of ease and ‫ انعم‬an‘am2 sorter
comfort; to enjoy (‫ ب‬s.th.) ‫ مَنعام‬min‘ām munificent benefactor
‫ نعم‬ni‘ma with foll. indeclinable noun ‫ مَناعم‬manā‘im2 favors, blessings, boons;
with article and nominative ending: what a amenities, comforts, pleasures, delights
perfect ..., wonderful ...! truly, an excellent
‫ تنعيم‬tan‘īm pampering, coddling,
... │ ‫ نعم الرجل زيد‬n. r-rajulu zaidun what
effemination
an excellent man Zaid is! ‫ نعم الشباب شبابهم‬n.
š-šabābu šabābuhum what a wonderful
‫ انعام‬in‘ām act of kindness, favor, ‫ نغل‬nagila a (nagal) to fester, suppurate
benefaction; gift, donation, grant, (wound) │ ‫( نغل قلبه على‬qalbuhū) to harbor
distinction, 980 bestowal, award │ ‫انعام‬ resentment against, hold a grudge against
‫ النظر‬i. an-naẓar careful examination, ‫ نغل‬nagl, nagil illegitimate child;
serious consideration bastard
‫ ناعم‬nā‘im soft; smooth; tender; fine, ‫ نغيل‬nagīl illegitimate child; bastard
powdery │ ‫ ناعم الظفر‬n. aẓ-ẓufr young,
youthful, tender; ‫( سكر ناعم‬sukkar) ‫ نغولة‬nugūla illegitimacy, bastardy
powdered sugar ‫ نغم‬nagama u i and nagima a (nagm, nagam)
‫ مَنعم‬mun‘im donor, benefactor to hum a tune; to ling II and V do.
‫ نعنع‬na‘na‘ and ‫ نعناع‬na‘nā‘ mint (bot.); ‫ نغم‬nagm and nagam pl. ‫ انغام‬angām
peppermint tune, air, melody; voice, part (mus., of a
contrapuntal composition); timbre, tone
‫ نعناعي‬na‘nā‘ī peppermint (adj.) color; sound, tone
‫ نعى‬na‘ā a (na‘y, na‘īy, ‫ نعيان‬na‘yān) to ‫ نغمة‬nagima, nagama pl. nagamāt tone;
announce the death (‫ هـ‬of s.o., ‫ الى‬to s.o.); sound; musical note, tone (of the gamut;
to hold s.th. (‫ )هـ‬against s.o. (‫)على‬, mus.); inflection, intonation, melody;
reproach, blame (‫ هـ على‬s.o. for); -- na‘ā i song, chant
to lament, wail; to deplore (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ تناغم‬tanāgum symphonia, concord (of
‫ نعي‬naīy one who announces s.o.’s sounds)
death; blame, reproach ‫ مَنغوم‬mangūm melodious (voice)
‫ نعية‬na‘ya pl. na‘ayāt news of s.o.’s (‫ نغا )نغو‬nagā u (nagw) and ‫ نغى‬nagā i (nagy) to
death, death notice speak (‫ الى‬to s.o.) III to whisper (‫ ه‬in s.o.’s
‫ مَنعى‬man‘an and ‫ مَنعاة‬man‘āh pl. ‫مَناع‬ ear); to talk gently, kindly, tenderly (‫ ه‬to
manā‘in news of s.o.’s death s.o., esp., to a child); to flatter, court (‫ه‬
s.o.); to twitter (bird); (eg.) to babble
‫ نغبة‬nagba, nugba swallow, gulp, draught
(child)
‫ نغبشة‬nagbaša noise
‫ نف‬naffa i to blow one’s nose; to snuff’
‫ نغز‬nagaza a (nagz) to tickle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to prick (‫ه‬
‫ نفة‬naffa (tun.) pinch of snuff; snuff
s.o., with a needle, or the like); to sow
dissension, stir up enmity (‫ بين‬between) ‫ نفاف‬naffāf snuffer
‫ نغش‬nagaša a (nagš, ‫ نغشان‬nagašān) to be ‫ نفث‬nafata u i (naft) to spit, spit out,
agitated, be shaken III to play (‫ ه‬with s.o.), expectorate, discharge, cough out (‫هـ‬
tease (‫ ه‬s.o.), dally, flirt (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V = I s.th.); to squirt out (‫ هـ‬its venom; of a
snake); to exhale, puff out (‫ هـ‬the smoke;
‫ نغشة‬nagša pl. nagašāt motion; shaking
of a smoker); to utter, voice (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ نغاش‬nugāš and ‫ نغاشي‬nugāšī very small; exude and inspire (‫ في هـ‬with s.th. s.o.),
midget, dwarf transfuse (‫ في هـ‬s.th. into s.o.) 981
‫ نغاشة‬nagāša banter, raillery, teasing, ‫ نفث‬naft expectoration; saliva, spittle │
playfulness; elegance ‫ نفث الشيطان‬n. aš-šaiṭān erotic poetry
‫ نغص‬II and IV to disturb, ruffle, spoil (‫على‬ ‫ نفثة‬nafta pl. nafatāt expectoration;
s.o.’s ‫ هـ‬pleasure, joy, life, or the like), saliva, spittle; pl. expectorated or ejected
make loathsome (‫ هـ على‬to s.o. s.th.) V to matter, expectorations, discharge,
be disturbed, be ruffled, be spoiled, outpourings, emissions, effusions;
become loathsome invectives, accusations │ ‫نفثات القلم‬
‫ مَنغص‬munaggiṣ exciting literary productions
‫ نفاثة‬nufāta saliva, spittle
(‫ نفاثة )طائرة‬naffāta jet plane
‫ نفاثي‬naffātī jet- (in compounds) │ ‫تسيير‬ conceit, overweeningness, haughtiness │
‫ نفاثي‬jet propulsion (‫( نفخة كذابة )كاذبة‬kaddāba) self-conceit,
vainglory, bumptiousness
‫ نفاثة‬naffāta pl. -āt woman who spits on
the knots (in exercising a form of Arabian ‫ نفاخ‬naffāk flatulent
witchcraft in which women tie knots in a ‫ نفانخ‬nuffāk swelling
cord and spit upon them with an
imprecation; Kor. 113,4); sorceress ‫ نفاخة‬naffāka bladder; bubble
‫ نفج‬nafaja u (nafj, ‫ نفجان‬nafajān, ‫ نفوج‬nufūj) to ‫ مَنفخ‬minfak pl. ‫ مَنافخ‬manāfik2 bellows
spring up and take to flight (game); to ‫ مَنفاخ‬minfāk pl. ‫ مَنافيخ‬manāfīk 2 bellows;
jump, leap, bound; to vaunt, brag, boast V air pump, tire pump; blowpipe
to brag, boast VIII = I
‫ تنفخ‬tanaffuk inflatedness, inflation;
‫ نفج‬nafj bragging, boasting bumptiousness, bumptious behavior
‫ نفاج‬nafāj braggart, show-off; snob ‫ انتفاخ‬intifāk process of being inflated;
2
‫ نافجة‬nllftia pl. ‫ نوافج‬nawāfij musk bag; distention, inflation, swelling,
container for musk protuberance; flatulence, meteorism
(med.) │ ‫ انتفاخ الرئة‬int. ar-ri’a pulmonic
‫ نفح‬nafaḥa a (nafḥ, ‫ نفحان‬nafaḥān, ‫ نفاح‬nufāḥ) to emphysema
spread, be diffused (fragrance), exhale a
pleasant smell, be fragrant; to blow ‫ نافخ‬nāfik blowing; blower; flatulent │
(wind); to make s.o. (‫ )ه‬a present of (‫)ب‬, ‫( مَا بالدار نافخ ضرمَة‬n. ḍarmatin) there is not
present (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to treat (‫ هـ ه‬s.o. to a soul in the house
s.th.) III to protect, defend (‫ عن‬s.th.) ‫ مَنفوخ‬manfūk blown up, puffed up,
‫ نفحة‬nafḥa pl. nafaḥāt breeze, gust; inflated; swollen; pumped up, inflated;
breath; diffusing odor; fragrance, perfume 982 paunchy, obese, fat; conceited, self-
scent; gift, present conceited, overweening, snobbish
‫ مَنفحة‬manfaḥa rennet ‫ مَنتفخ‬muntafik blown up, puffed up,
inflated; swollen
‫ نفخ‬nafaka u (nafk) to blow, puff; to
breathe; to blow up, inflate, fill with air (‫هـ‬ ‫ نفد‬nafida a (nafad, ‫ نفاد‬nafād) to be exhausted,
or ‫ في‬s.th.); O to pump up, fill (a tire); O depleted, used up; to run out, come to an
to fill with gas (balloon); to blow (‫هـ‬ end, dwindle away; to be out of print │ ‫نفد‬
tunes, ‫ في‬on an instrument); to breathe ‫( لديه مَعين الصبر‬ma‘īn aṣ-ṣabr) to be at the
s.th. (‫ )هـ‬into s.o. (‫)في‬. inspire (‫ هـ في‬s.o. end of one’s patience IV and X to use up,
with); to inflate, puff up, elate, flush with consume, spend, exhaust, drain, deplete (‫هـ‬
success, fill with pride (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫نفخ في البوق‬ s.th.); to taste thoroughly, enjoy to the full
(būq) to blow the trumpet; ‫نفخ في روحه‬ (‫هـ‬
(rūḥihī) to animate, inspirit s.o.; ‫نفخ في‬ s.th.) │ ‫( استنفد كل وسع‬kulla wus‘in) to
‫( صورته‬ṣūratihī) to bring s.th. into being, exhaust, or avail o.s. of, every possibility
give birth to s.th.; ‫نفخ في زمَارة روحه‬
(zammārati rūḥihī) to rouse s.o.’s temper; ‫ نفدة‬nafda pl. nafadāt entry (in an
‫( نفخ الشمعة‬šam‘a) to blowout a candle; ‫نفخ‬ account book), booked item
‫( شدقيه‬šidqaihi) to be puffed up, become ‫ نفاد‬nafād exhaustion, consumption,
inflated VIII to be blown up, inflated, depletion (of stores), dwindling, wastage,
filled with air; to swell; to puff up, waste
become inflated │ ‫( انتفخ سحره‬saḥrahū) and
‫( انتفخت مَساحره‬masāḥiruhū) his lungs ‫ النفود‬an-nafūd Nafud (desert in N Nejd)
became inflated (out of fear or pride) ‫ نافد‬nāfid: ‫ نافد الصبر‬n. aṣ-ṣabr impatient
‫ نفخ‬nafk blowing, blowing up, inflation, ‫ نافدة‬nāfida void, vacuum
pumping up, filling with air
‫ نفذ‬nafada u (‫ نفاذ‬nafād, ‫ نفوذ‬nufūd) to pierce,
‫ نفخة‬nafka (n. vic.) blow, puff; breath; bore (‫ هـ‬s.th. or ‫ مَن‬through s.th.), penetrate
gust; distention, inflation, swelling;
(‫ مَن‬,‫ هـ‬s.th.), go or pass (‫ ب‬,‫ هـ‬through performance, execution; distraint, legal
s.th.); to penetrate (‫ الى‬into), get through, execution (jur.) │ ‫دخل في طور )دور( التنفيذ‬
pass through (‫ الى‬to); O (mil.) to break (ṭauri, dauri t-t.) to become effective,
through, fight one’s way through the come into force; ‫‘ عون التنفيذ‬aun at-t. minor
enemy (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ;)في‬to get (‫ الى‬to s.o.), arrive executory officer, bailiff (tun.); ‫قسم التنفيذ‬
(‫ الى‬at s.o.’s place), reach (‫ الى‬s.o.); to lead qism at-t. executive division (of a court);
(‫ الى‬to), give, open (‫ الى‬on; of a door or ‫ احكام قابلة للتنفيذ‬executory decisions,
window); to communicate, be connected ( precepts, executions, writs of fieri facias
‫ الى‬with; of a building, lot, premises), join; (jur.) 983
to be carried out, be executed, be legally ‫ تنفيذي‬tanfīdī executory, executive │ ‫لجنة‬
valid, be effective, be operative, be ‫( تنفيذية‬tanfīdīya) executive committee
enforceable, be executable, be executory;
to do well or skillfully (‫ في‬s.th.) II and IV ‫ انفاذ‬infād sending, dispatch,
to cause (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to pierce or penetrate; to conveyance, delivery, transmission;
carry out, execute, accomplish, effect (‫هـ‬ carrying out, execution, discharge,
s.th., also, an idea), do, perform, fulfill, performance
discharge (‫ هـ‬a duty); to realize, ‫ نافذ‬nāfid piercing, penetrating;
implement, carry into effect (‫ هـ‬a plan, a effective, operative, effectual; legally
project, ideas); to enforce (‫ هـ‬a resolution); valid │ ‫( اصبح نافذا‬aṣbaḥa) to become
to carry through (‫ هـ‬a program); to operative, become effective, come into
execute, carry out (‫ هـ‬a sentence; ‫في‬ force (law); ‫( الحكم نافذ فيه‬ḥukmu) the
against s.o.); to transmit, convey, send, sentence will be carried out, has legal
dispatch, forward (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to s.o.) V to force; ‫ نافذ الكلمة‬n. al-kalima influential,
be executed, be carried out powerful; ‫ نافذ المفعول‬valid, effective, in
‫ نفذ‬nafad pl. ‫ انفاذ‬anfād opening, force; ‫( امَر نافذ‬amr) strict order
aperture, orifice, hole, vent, outlet, escape, ‫ نافذة‬nāfida pl. ‫ نوافذ‬nawāfid2 opening in
way out a wall, air hole; window; O wicket │ O ‫نافذ‬
‫ نفاذ‬nafād penetration, permeation; ‫ ة الطلق‬n. al-iṭlāq loophole, embrasure
implementation, realization, effectuation; ‫ مَنفذ‬munaffid executant, executer,
effectiveness; execution │ ‫نفاذ البصيرة‬ executioner │ ‫ مَنفذ الوصية‬m. al-waṣīya
perspicacity, acute discernment, executor (jur.); ‫‘( عون مَنفذ‬aun) minor
penetration executory officer, bailiff (tun.)
‫ نفاذ‬nafād piercing, penetrating; ‫ مَتنفذ‬mutanaffid influential
effective, effectual; permeable, pervious
‫ نفر‬nafara u i (‫ نفور‬nufūr, ‫ نفار‬nifār) to shy,
‫ نفوذ‬nufūd penetration, permeation; bolt, stampede (animal); -- (nafar) to flee,
effectiveness, effect, action; influence, run away; to have an aversion (‫ مَن‬to),
prestige, authority │ ‫( نفوذ مَطلق‬muṭlaq) full have a distaste (‫ مَن‬for); to avoid, shun,
powers, free hand, unlimited authority; ‫ذو‬ eschew (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬s.th.), keep clear (‫ عن‬or
‫ نفوذ‬influential; ‫ نطاق النفوذ‬sphere of ‫ مَن‬of), turn away, flee (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬from); to
influence hurry, rush, hasten (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to); -- i (‫نفور‬
‫ مَنفذ‬manfad, manfid pl. ‫ مَنافذ‬manāfid2 nufūr) to swell, bulge out, protrude, jut
opening in a wall, air hole, window; out, stick out II to startle, frighten, scare
passage, passageway, exit; outlet; way out, away, chase away, drive away (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
escape; entrance, access; gateway, gate; fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with an aversion (‫ مَن‬to), arouse
loophole, dodge; O electrode (el.) │ O ‫مَنفذ‬ a distaste (‫ مَن ه‬in s.o. for), make
‫ المياه‬m. al-miyāh flood gate, lock gate, loathsome (‫ مَن ه‬to s.o. s.th.), alienate,
sluice gate; ‫( المنفذ البحري‬baḥrī) access to estrange, deter (‫ مَن ه‬s.o. from), spoil s.o.’s
the sea (‫ )ه‬pleasure (‫ مَن‬in), make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
dissatisfied (‫ مَن‬with) III to avoid (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
‫ تنفيذ‬tanfīd carrying out, s.th.), keep away (‫ ه‬from s.o.), have an
implementation, effectuation. realization; aversion (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to contradict (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
discharge, accomplishment, fulfillment,
be incompatible (‫ هـ‬with) VI to avoid each (‫ عن‬s.o.’s ‫ هـ‬worries, anxieties); to air (‫عن‬
other; to conflict, clash; to disagree, he one’s secret feelings), give vent (‫ عن‬to
incongruous, incompatible, mutually one’s emotions), uncover, reveal, voice,
repellent X to he frightened away; to call get off one’s chest, get out of one’s
upon s.o. (‫ )ه‬to fight (‫ على‬against), call out system, abreact (‫ عن‬one’s suppressed
(‫ ه‬s.o.) to go to war (‫ على‬against) desires, frustrations, fears, etc.); to desist (
‫ عن‬from), cease (‫ عن‬doing s.th.); pass.
‫ نفر‬nafar pl. ‫ انفار‬anfār band, party,
nuffisa to get lost (‫ عن‬to s.o.); to let out
group, troop; troops; person, individual;
air, leak; to be in childbed III to compete,
(mil.) soldier, private; man (as a
vie (‫ عن ه‬with s.o. in); to compete, fight,
numerative)
struggle (‫ على‬for), seek. try to obtain,
‫ نفرة‬nafra aversion, distaste, dislike, desire (‫ على‬s.th.), strive, be out (‫ على‬for),
antipathy aspire (‫ على‬to) V to breathe, inhale and
‫ نفور‬nufūr shying, flight; bolting, exhale; to take breath, pause for breath.
stampede (of an animal); aversion, have a breather, have a break, take a rest
distaste, dislike, displeasure, alienation, │ ‫( تنفس الحسرات المؤلمة‬al-ḥasarāti l-
estrangement mu’lima) to heave painful sighs; ‫تنفس‬
‫( الصعداء‬ṣu‘adā’a) to sigh deeply; to
‫ نفور‬nufūr shy, easily frightened, scary, breathe a sigh of relief, breathe again; ‫تنفس‬
fearful, timid; reticent, diffident, bashful, ‫( النفس الخير‬nafasa) to be at one’s last gasp,
coy, reserved be dying; ‫( تنفس عن الحياة‬ḥayāh) to breathe
‫ نفير‬nafīr pl. ‫ انفار‬anfār, ‫ انفرة‬anfira one’s last, die VI to rival, compete, vie,
band, party, group, troop; departure into contend (‫ على‬for, ‫ في‬in s.th.)
battle; trumpet │ ‫‘( نفير عام‬āmm) general ‫ نفس‬nafs f., pl. ‫ نفوس‬nufūs, ‫ انفس‬anfus
call to arms, levy en masse; general alarm soul; psyche; spirit, mind; life; animate
‫ نافورة‬nāfūra pl. ‫ نوافير‬nawāfīr2 fountain being, living creature, human being,
person, individual (in this sense, masc.);
‫ نوفرة‬naufara pl. ‫ نوافر‬nawāfir2 fountain essence, nature; inclination, liking,
‫ تنفير‬tanfīr estrangement, alienation, appetite, desire; personal identity, self
repulsion, deterrence (used to paraphrase the reflexive pronoun;
see examples below) │ ‫ بنفسه‬he himself;
‫ تنافر‬tanāfur mutual aversion or
personally, in person; ‫ نحن بنفسوسنا‬we
repulsion, disagreement, disunion,
ourselves; ‫( في نفس المَر‬n. il-amr) in reality,
dissension, conflict, strife, incongruity,
actually, in fact; ‫ في نفس الواقع‬do.; ‫عند انفسهم‬
discord
in their own opinion; (‫جأءني هو نفسه )بنفسه‬
‫ نافر‬nāfir pl. ‫ نفر‬nafr, nuffar fleeing, he himself came to me, he came
fugitive, shy, fearful, timid; having an personally to see me; ‫ جاء مَن نفس‬he came
aversion (‫ مَن‬to) or a distaste (‫ مَن‬for); of his own accord; ‫مَا وعدت به فيما بيني وبين‬
swelling, protuberant, bulging, protruding, ‫ نفسي‬what I had promised myself; ‫نفس المَر‬
projecting, jutting out; relief-like, in relief; n. al-amr the essence of the matter, the
three-dimensional, 3-D (film) nature of the affair; ‫ نفس الشيء‬the thing
‫ مَنفر‬munaffir, munfir repulsive, itself; the same thing, the very thing;
repellent ‫ الَعتماد على النفس‬and ‫( الثقة بالنفس‬tiqa) self-
confidence, self-reliance; ‫ بشق النفس‬bi-šiqqi
‫ نفس‬nafusa u (nafas, ‫ نفاس‬nifās, ‫نفاسة‬ n-n. or ‫( بشق النفس‬following َ‫ ل‬... َ‫ )ل‬with
nafāsa) to be precious, valuable, priceless; (the greatest) difficulty, barely; ‫صغير النفس‬
-- nafisa a (nafas) to be sparing, niggardly base-minded, low-minded; ‫عفيف النفس‬
984 (‫ ب‬with s.th.); -- (‫ نفاسة‬nafāsa) to unselfish, selfless, altruistic; ‫‘ علم النفس‬ilm
envy, begrudge (‫ ه على‬s.o. s.th.); -- nafisa an-n. psychology; ‫ كبير النفس‬high-minded,
a and pass. nufisa (‫ نفاس‬nifās) to he in proud; ‫ مَحبة النفس‬maḥabbat an-n. amour
childbed II to cheer up, comfort, appease, propre, selfishness; ‫ بذل النفس والنفيس‬to
reassure (‫ ه‬s.o.); to relieve (‫ عن‬s.o., of make every conceivable sacrifice,
s.th., esp., of sorrow, cares), dispel, banish sacrifice all, give up all one’s possessions
‫ نفسي‬nafsī spiritual, mental, psychic(al); ‫ تنفسي‬tanaffusī: ‫( جهاز تنفسي‬jahāz)
(pl. -ūn) psychologist │ ‫التحليل النفسي‬ respiratory system
psychoanalysis; ‫ حالة نفسية‬state of mind, ‫ تنافس‬tanāfus mutual competition,
mood rivalry; fight, struggle (‫ على‬for) │ ‫تنافس‬
‫ نفسية‬nafsīya mental life, inner life, ‫( حيوي‬ḥayawī) struggle for existence
psyche; frame of mind; mentality, mental ‫ مَنافس‬munāfis competitor; rival
attitude, disposition; psychology
‫ مَتنفس‬mutanaffas place to breathe
‫ نفس‬nafas pl. ‫ انفاس‬anfās breath; whiff; freely; breathing space, free scope (for
puff (from a smoking pipe, from a s.th.), free atmosphere; relief, escape, way
cigarette); swallow, gulp, draught; style of out
an author; freedom, liberty, convenience,
discretion │ ‫ حتى النفس الخير‬to the last ‫ نفش‬nafaša u (nafš) to tease (‫ هـ‬wool); to swell
breath; ‫ ذو نفس‬enough to slake the thirst; out, puff up; to swell, become swollen; to
refreshing (drink); ‫ ضيق النفس‬ḍīq an-n. ruffle its feathers (bird) II to comb or card
labored breathing, asthma; ‫هو في نفس مَن‬ (‫ هـ‬cotton) V to puff up, become inflated;
‫ امَوره‬he acts according to his own desires; to ruffle the feathers, bristle the hair VIII
‫( انت في نفس مَن امَرك‬amrika) you can do as do.
you please! ‫( امَسك نفاسه‬anfāsahū) to hold ‫ نفش‬nafaš wool
one’s breath; ‫( فاضت انفاسه‬anfāsuhū) to give
up the ghost ‫ نفاش‬naffāš a variety of large lemon
‫ نفسة‬nufsa respite, delay ‫ مَنفوش‬manfūš puffed up, inflated;
ruffled, bristling; disheveled (hair); fluffy
‫ نفساء‬nafsā’2 pl. ‫ نوافس‬nawāfis2 confined, (hair, wool)
in childbed; a woman in childbed
‫ نفض‬nafaḍa u (nafḍ) to shake (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
‫ نفساني‬nafsānī psychic(al), mental │ ‫طب‬ shake off (‫ عن هـ‬s.th. from), shake out,
‫( نفساني‬ṭibb) psychiatry; ‫طبيب نفساني‬ dust, dust off (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to knock the ashes
psychiatrist; ‫ عالم نفساني‬psychologist 985 from a cigarette (‫ ;)هـ‬to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
O ‫ نفسانية‬nafsānīya psychology shiver (fever); -- u (‫ نفوض‬nufūḍ) to
recover, recuperate (‫ مَن‬from) │ ‫نفض عنه‬
‫ نفاس‬nifās parturition; delivery, ‫( الكسل‬kasala) or ‫( نفض غبار كسله‬gubāra
childbirth, confinement, accouchement; kasalihī) to shake off one’s laziness; ‫نفض‬
childbed, puerperium; see also below │ ‫( غباره‬gubārahū) lit.: to shake off its dust,
‫ حمى النفاس‬ḥummā n-n. or ‫حمى نفاسية‬ i.e., to have reached the end of, be
puerperal fever, childbed fever finished with; ‫( نفض عنه الهم‬hamma) to
‫ نفاسة‬naffāsa preciousness, costliness shake off one’s sorrows, shed one’s
anxiety; ‫( نفض في لعب الوراق‬la‘ibi l-aurāq)
‫ نفيس‬nafīs precious, costly, valuable,
to gamble away at cards; ‫نفض يده مَن المَر‬
priceless
(yadahū, amr) to chuck s.th., shake off
‫ نفيسة‬nafīsa pl.. ‫ نفائس‬nafā’is2 gem, s.th., rid o.s. of, refuse to have anything to
object of value, precious thing do with; ‫ نفض يده مَن يد فلن‬to break with s.o.
‫ مَنفس‬manfas pl. ‫ مَنافس‬manāfis2 dissociate o.s. from, go back on s.o. II to
breathing hole, air hole, valve shake violently, shake out, dust off (‫هـ‬
s.th.) IV to use up completely, exhaust (‫هـ‬
‫ تنفيس‬tanfīs airing, ventilation provisions, stores); to be devoid of all
‫ مَنافسة‬munāfasa pl. -āt emulation; means, be reduced to poverty, be
competition (also com.); rivalry; athletic impoverished, be depleted; to shake off (
event, contest, match ‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to remove, dismiss (‫عن ه‬
s.o. from) VIII to be shaken off, be dusted
‫ نفاس‬nifās emulation; competition (also off; to shake; to shudder, shiver, tremble (
com.); rivalry; athletic event, contest, ‫ مَن‬with) │ ‫( انتفض واقفا‬wāqifan) to jump
match up, jump to one’s feet
‫ تنفس‬tanaffus respiration
‫ نفض‬nafaḍ that which is shaken off or ‫ مَنفعة‬manfa‘a pl. ‫ مَنافع‬manāfi‘2 use,
falls off avail, benefit; beneficial use, useful
service; advantage, profit, gain; (Isl. Law)
‫ نفضي‬nafḍī: O ‫ غابة نفضية‬deciduous
yield of a utilizable thing or of a right,
forest, leafy forest
produce; interest; public establishment,
‫ نفضة‬nafaḍa scouting party, public-service facility │ (‫مَنافع عامَة )عمومَية‬
reconnaissance patrol (‘āmma, ‘umūmīya) public-service
‫ نفضة‬nufaḍa ague fit, feverish shiver facilities, specif., property set aside, or
available, for public use; ‫مَنافع صحية‬
‫ نفاض‬nufāḍ ague fit, feverish shiver (ṣiḥḥīya) sanitary facilities
‫ نفاضة‬nufāḍa that which is shaken off or ‫ انتفاع‬intifā‘ use, employment,
falls off 986 utilization, exploitation, usufruct; benefit,
‫ نفيضة‬nafīḍa pl. ‫ نفائض‬nafā’iḍ2 scouting advantage, profit, gain
party, reconnaissance patrol ‫ نافع‬nāfi’ useful, beneficial,
‫ مَنفض‬minfaḍ sieve; winnow advantageous, profitable, usable,
serviceable; wholesome, salutary
‫ مَنفضة‬minfaḍa pl. ‫ مَنافض‬manāfiḍ2
ashtray; feather duster; O vacuum cleaner ‫ نافعة‬nāfi’a public works │ ‫وزير النافعة‬
minister of public works
‫ انتفاض‬intifāḍ shaking, shiver, shudder,
tremor ‫ مَنتفع‬muntafi’ beneficiary, usufructuary
‫ انتفاضة‬intifāḍa (n. vic.) shiver, shudder, ‫ نفق‬nafaqa u (‫ نفاق‬nafāq) to sell well, find a
tremor ready market (merchandise); to be brisk,
active (market); -- nafaqa and nafiqa a
‫ نفط‬nafṭ naphtha, petroleum (nafaq) to be used up, he spent, run out
‫ نفطي‬nafṭī of naphtha, soaked in (stores, provisions, money), be exhausted;
naphtha; oil-, petroleum- (in compounds) I -- nafaqa u (‫ نفوق‬nufūq) to die, perish
‫( مَصباح نفطي‬miṣbāḥ) oil lamp (esp., of an animal) II to sell III to
dissemble, dissimulate, play the hypocrite
‫ نفطة‬nafṭa blister
│ ‫( نافق ضميره‬ḍamīrahū) to act contrary to
‫ نفطة‬nufaṭa irritable, touchy, thin- the dictates of one’s conscience IV to
skinned; hot-tempered spend, expend, layout, disburse (‫على ه‬
‫ مَنفط‬munaffiṭ blistering, vesicatory money for); to use up, consume, spend,
exhaust, waste, squander, dissipate (‫هـ‬
‫ نفع‬nafa‘a a (naf‘) to be useful, beneficial, s.th.); to spend, pass (‫ هـ‬time); to provide (
advantageous, be of use (‫ ه‬to s.o.), avail, ‫ على‬for s.o., esp., for s.o.’s means of
help (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be usable, to do, serve (‫ل‬ support), support (‫ على‬s.o.), bear the cost
for) │ ‫ لَ ينفع‬of no use II to utilize, turn to of s.o.’s (‫ )على‬maintenance V ‫تنفق بكذبة على‬
use, put to use (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to use (‫ هـ‬s.th.), (bi-kidbatin) to tell s.o. a fib X to spend,
make use (‫ هـ‬of) VIII to turn to advantage, waste (‫ على هـ‬money for)
turn to good account, put to use, utilize,
use (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.), take advantage, avail ‫ نفق‬nafaq pl. ‫ نفاق‬anfāq tunnel,
o.s., make use (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬of); to profit, gain, underground passageway
benefit (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬by s.th.); to enjoy (‫ مَن‬or ‫ نفقة‬nafaqa pl. -āt, ‫ نفاق‬nifāq expense;
‫ ب‬s.th.) X=II cost; outlay, expenditure, disbursement;
‫ نفع‬naf‘ use, avail, benefit, advantage, cost of living, maintenance, support; (Isl.
profit, gain; good, welfare Law) adequate support, esp., of the 987
wife; charitable gift, handout (to the poor)
‫ نفع‬naf‘ out for one’s own advantage, │ ‫ على نفقة‬at s.o.’s expense; ‫قليل النفقات‬
self-interested, selfish; profiteer inexpensive, cheap
‫ نفاع‬naffā‘ very useful, of good use ‫ نفاق‬nafāq brisk trade, good business;
‫ نفوع‬nafū‘ pl. ‫ نفع‬nufu‘ very us‫نفع‬eful, of salability (of a commodity)
good use
‫ مَنفاق‬minfāq squanderer, wastrel, be nonexistent X to reject as worthless,
spendthrift, profligate useless, unacceptable (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَنافقة‬munāfaqa hypocrisy, ‫ نفي‬nafy expulsion; banishment, exile,
dissimulation, dissemblance expatriation; ejection, ousting, eviction,
ostracism; deportation; denial, disclaimer,
‫ نفاق‬nifāq hypocrisy, dissimulation,
disavowal, repudiation, disproof,
dissemblance
refutation, rebuttal, refusal, rejection,
‫ انفاق‬infāq spending, expenses, outlay, disallowance, prohibition, ban; negation
expenditure, disbursement
(gram.) │ ‫ حرف النفي‬ḥarf an-n. particle
‫ نافق‬nāfiq selling well, easily of negation (gram.); ‫ شاهد نفي‬witness for
marketable, in demand (commodity) the defense (as opposed to ‫ شاهد اثبات‬š.
‫ مَنافق‬munāfiq hypocrite, dissembler itbāt)

‫ نفل‬V and VIII to do more than is required by ‫ نفيي‬nafyī negative


duty or obligation, to supererogate ‫ نفي‬nafīy denied; rejected, discarded
(specif., prayers, charity, or the like)
‫ نفاء‬nafā’, ‫ نفاة‬nafāh and ‫ نفاوة‬nafāwa
‫ نفل‬nafl supererogatory performance, s.th. discarded as worthless or useless;
specif., a work of supererogation dross, refuse, waste, scrap, offal,
‫ نفل‬nafal pl. ‫ انفال‬anfāl, ‫ نفول‬nufūl, ‫نفال‬ sweepings, garbage
nifāl booty, loot, spoil; present ‫ نفاية‬nufāya pl. -āt s.th. discarded as
‫ نفل‬nafal clover worthless or useless; remnant, remains;
discard, castoff; reject, throwout; dross,
‫ نافلة‬nāfila pl. ‫ نوافل‬nawāfil2 refuse, waste, scrap, offal, sweepings,
supererogatory performance; work of garbage; O ‫ نفايات‬excretions (biol.)
supererogation; gift, present; booty, loot,
spoil │ ‫( مَن نافلة القول ان‬n. il-qaul) it goes ‫ مَنفى‬manfan pl. ‫ مَناف‬manāfin place of
without saying that ... exile; banishment, exile

‫ نفنف‬nafnaf pl. ‫ نفانف‬nafānif2 air, atmosphere; ‫ مَنافاة‬munāfāh contradiction,


steep hillside, precipitous cliff incompatibility, inconsistency

‫ نفنوف‬nafnūf (ir.) a woman’s dress ‫ تناف‬tanāfin mutual incompatibility

‫ )نفو‬and ‫ نفا )نفي‬nafā u (nafw) and ‫ نفى‬nafā i ‫ انتفاء‬intifā’ absence, lack 988
(nafy) to expel, eject, oust, ostracize, ‫ مَنفي‬manfīy turned down, denied,
exclude (‫ عن‬or ‫ على ه‬s.o. from), remove, rejected, discarded; negated, negative;
evict, banish, exile, expatriate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to banished, exiled, expatriated; deported
deport (‫ ه‬s.o.); to refute, disprove, rebut,
‫ مَناف‬munāfin incompatible
controvert, repudiate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to deny (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to reject, dismiss, discard, disclaim, ‫ نق‬naqqa i (‫ نقيق‬naqīq) to croak (frog); to
disavow, decline, refuse, disallow (‫هـ‬ cackle, cluck (hen)
s.th.); to exclude, preclude (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ نقاق‬naqqāq surly person, gruff man,
negate (gram.) III to hunt, chase, pursue, grumbler; griper, carper, faultfinder
track down (‫ ه‬s.o.); to exclude, preclude (
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to contradict (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be contrary ‫ نقاقة‬naqqāqa frog
(‫ هـ‬to); to be incompatible, be inconsistent ‫ نقيق‬naqīq croaking, croak; cackling,
(‫ هـ‬with) VI to be mutually exclusive or cackle
contradicting, cancel each other out, be 1
incompatible VIII to be banished, be ‫ نقب‬naqaba u (naqb) to bore, pierce,
exiled, be expelled; to be refuted, be perforate, breach (‫ هـ‬s.th.), make a hole or
disproved, be controverted, be breach (‫ هـ‬in), punch or drill a hole (‫هـ‬
contradicted, be denied; to fall off, fall through); to dig, dig up, dig out, excavate,
away, be dropped, be omitted, be absent, hollow out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to traverse (‫ في‬a
country), pass, travel (‫ في‬through); to
inquire, ask, look, search (‫ عن‬for), ‫ تنقيب‬tanqīb pl. -āt drilling (esp., for
examine thoroughly, investigate, explore, oil); digging, excavation; investigation,
search into, delve into; -- naqiba a examination, inquiry, search, exploration,
(naqab) to be perforated, be full of holes research
II to drill (‫ عن‬for, e.g., for oil); to examine ‫ مَنقب‬munaqqib investigator, researcher,
thoroughly, study, investigate (‫ عن‬s.th.), scholar, explorer
penetrate, delve, s8&roh (‫ عن‬into), look,
2
s8&roh (‫ عن‬for); to travel (‫ في‬through) III ‫ النقب‬an-naqab Negev (desert region in S
to vie in virtues (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to examine, Israel)
study, investigate (‫ عن‬s.th.), look, search ( ‫ نقح‬naqaḥa a (naqḥ) to prune, lop (‫ هـ‬a tree),
‫ عن‬for); to veil her face (woman); to be trim, clip (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II do.; to review, revile,
perforated, he full of holes VIII to put on a read over carefully, correct (‫ هـ‬a writing),
veil, veil one’s face improve, polish, refine (the style) IV to
‫ نقب‬naqb digging, excavation; piercing, check, go over, re-examine, revise, correct
perforation; -- (pl. ‫ انقاب‬anqāb, ‫ نقاب‬niqāb) (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
hole, opening, breach; boring, bore; tunnel ‫ تنقيح‬tanqīḥ checking, (re-)examination;
‫ نقاب‬naqqāb punch revision; correction 989
‫ نقاب‬niqāb pl. ‫ نقب‬nuqub, ‫ انقبة‬anqiba ‫ نقد‬naqada u (naqd) to pay in cash (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o.
veil │ ‫ كشف النقاب عن‬to uncover, reveal, s.th.); to peck (‫ هـ‬at); to examine critically
disclose s.th. (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to criticize (‫ هـ على‬s.o. for) III to
call to account (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to pay (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o.
‫ نقابة‬niqāba pl. -āt cooperative society; s.th.) VIII to criticize (‫ هـ‬s.th.), find fault (
union, association, guild; corporation; ‫ هـ‬with), take exception (‫ هـ‬to), disapprove
syndicate; trade union, labor union │ ‫نقابة‬ (‫ هـ‬of); to show up the shortcomings (‫على‬
‫ العمال‬n. al-‘ummāl trade-union, labor of s.o.), criticize (‫ على‬s.o.); to receive
union payment in cash
‫ نقابي‬niqābī cooperative; syndicalistic; ‫ نقد‬naqd criticism; -- (pl. ‫ نقود‬nuqūd)
syndicalist; trade-unionist cash, ready money; pl. specie, coins,
‫ نقابية‬niqābīya syndicalism; trade- change; ‫ نقدا‬in cash; for cash, cash down │
unionism ‫ بالنقد‬in cash; for cash, cash down; ‫ورق النقد‬
waraq an-n. banknotes, paper money;
‫ نقيب‬naqīb pl. ‫ نقباء‬nuqabā’2 leader,
‫ حافظة النقود‬change purse
head, headman; director, principal, chief;
chairman of a guild; president; syndic, ‫ نقدي‬naqdī monetary, pecuniary;
corporation lawyer; (mil.) captain (army), numismatic, of coin; cash (adj.) │ ‫تضخم‬
lieutenant (navy) (Eg. 1939 and U.A.R.); ‫( نقدي‬taḍakkum) inflation; ‫( جزاء نقدي‬jazā’)
tongue of a balance │ ‫ نقيب الشراف‬head of a monetary fine
the Alids, head of the descendants of the ‫ نقدية‬naqdīya ready money, cash
Prophet
‫ نقاد‬naqqād critic; reviewer
‫ نقيبة‬naqība pl. ‫ نقائب‬naqā’ib2 soul,
spirit, mind, intellect; natural disposition, ‫ نقادة‬naqqāda captious critic, caviler,
nature, temper, character carper
‫ مَنقب‬manqib, minqab and ‫ مَنقبة‬manqaba ‫ مَنقد‬manqad (eg.) brazier
pl. ‫ مَناقب‬manāqib2 mountain trail, defile, ‫ مَنقاد‬minqād pl. ‫ مَناقيد‬manāqīd2 beak,
pass bill (of a bird)
‫ مَنقب‬minqab and ‫ مَنقبة‬minqaba punch, ‫ انتقاد‬intiqād pl. -āt objection, exception;
perforator, drill; lancet criticism, censure, reproof, disapproval;
‫ مَناقب‬manāqib2 virtues, outstanding review, critique
traits; glorious deeds, facts, exploits ‫ ناقد‬nāqid pl. -ūn, ‫ نقاد‬nuqqād, ‫نقدة‬
naqada critic
‫ مَنتقد‬muntaqid critic ‫ نقير‬naqīr tiny spot on a date pit; an
utterly worthless thing │ ‫لَ يجدي شروى نقير‬
‫ مَنتقد‬muntaqad blameworthy,
990 lā yujdī šarwā n. it won’t help the
reprehensible, objectionable,
least bit, it won’t get you anywhere at all;
exceptionable
‫ لَ يملك شروى نقير‬he has absolutely nothing,
‫ نقذ‬naqada u (naqd) to deliver, save, rescue (‫مَن‬ he hasn’t got a red cent to his
‫ ه‬s.o. from); -- naqida a (naqad) to be
name; ...}’ ":I~ J,:i ":I nothing at an,
saved, be rescued, save o.s., escape IV to
not
deliver, save, rescue (‫ مَن ه‬s.o. from); to
salvage, recover (‫ هـ‬s.th.) X = IV the l....t little bit
‫ انقاذ‬inqād deliverance, salvation, ;~ naqlra pl. ;W naq<!",.a corvette
saving, rescue; salvaging, recovery; relief ;~W naqqara sman drum having a
‫ استنقاذ‬istinqād deliverance, salvation, hemispheric body of copper or wood
saving, rescue; salvaging, recovery; relief
~,,;~ niiqUr pl. .;:il; naWliqlr’
‫ مَنقذ‬munqid rescuer, savior, deliverer (Koranic)
‫ نقر‬naqara u (naqr) to dig; to pierce, bore, a wind instrument
hollow out, excavate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), make a
cavity or hole (‫ هـ‬in); to cut, carve (‫ هـ‬s.th., ;~~ naqilra (eg.) prattle, idle talk,
esp., atone or wood); to engrave, inscribe (
‫ في‬in); to peck up (‫ هـ‬a grain; of a bird); to
peck (‫ ه‬at s.o.); to strike, bang, knock, rap
(‫ على‬at, on); to drum (‫ هـ‬on s.th.); to snap
one’s fingers; to offend, annoy, vex, hurt,
insult, revile, malign, defame (‫ ه‬s.o.), cast
a slur (‫ ه‬on s.o.), make insinuations (‫ه‬
against s.o.); to investigate, examine (‫عن‬
s.th.); -- naqira a (naqar) to be offended,
annoyed, miffed (‫ على‬at) II to peck, peck
up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to investigate, examine (‫عن‬
s.th.) III to have an argument, to quarrel,
wrangle, bicker (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
‫ نقر‬naqr excavation, hollowing out,
carving out, engraving; hollow, cavity,
hole; snap(ping) of the fingers
‫ نقر‬naqir annoyed, offended, hurt,
miffed
‫ نقرة‬naqra pl. naqarāt blow, knock,
bang, rap; drumbeat; pluck(ing) (of
strings)
‫ نقرة‬nuqra pl. ‫ نقر‬nuqar, ‫ نقار‬niqār pit,
hollow, cavity, hole; depression; orbit, eye
socket; neck furrow, nape rigmarole
‫ نقرة‬niqra bickering, wrangle, ~LA:.. m,nqar pl. .;:il:.. manclqlr’
argument, quarrel beak.
‫ نقار‬naqqār carver, engraver │ ‫نقار الخشب‬ bill (of a bird); pickax
n. al-kašab woodpecker (zool.)
;.)L:... mutuiqara bickering, wrangle,
‫ نقارية‬nuqqārīya pl. -āt (eg.) a
argument, quarrel
percussion instrument resembling a
kettledrum ;;~ tuiq,ra pl. ;s.,; naWliq,r’ bickering,
wrangle, argument, quarrel; misfortune, ‫ مَناقش‬munāqiš opponent in a dispute;
disputant
calamity
‫ نقص‬naqaṣa u (naqṣ, ‫ نقصان‬nuqṣān) to
‫ نقرزان‬naqrazān (eg.) small drum; drummer
decrease, become less, diminish, be
‫ نقرس‬niqris gout; skilled and experienced diminished, be reduced (‫ هـ‬by an amount;
(physician) of a number); to decrease, diminish,
‫ نقريس‬niqrīs skilled and experienced lessen, reduce, impair (‫ هـ‬s.th.), prejudice (
(physician) ‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), be prejudicial (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to),
detract (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬from); to lower, peg down (‫هـ‬
‫ نقز‬naqaza u i (naqz, ‫ نقاز‬niqāz, ‫ نقزان‬naqazān) s.th.); to be deficient, lacking, incomplete,
to bound, leap, skip, hop II to rock, dandle insufficient, inadequate, defective, faulty,
(‫ ه‬a child) imperfect; ‫( نقصه الشيء‬šai’u) he lacked,
‫ نقزة‬naqza jump, leap, start needed the thing, was in want of the thing;
to fan short (‫ عن‬of), be less, be lower (‫عن‬
‫ ناقوس‬nāqūs pl. ‫ نواقيس‬nawāqīs2 (church)bell; than) │ 13 ‫‘( عامَا تنقص شهرا واحدا‬āman,
gong; hand bell (used, e.g., in Coptic šahran) 13 years minus one month II and
liturgy); bell jar, globe IV to decrease, diminish, lessen (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
‫ نقش‬naqaša u (naqš) to variegate, dapple, to reduce, lower, peg down (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
make many-colored, daub with various curtail, cut (‫ هـ‬s.th.) III to invite bids (‫هـ‬
colors, bedaub (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to paint; to chisel, for a project, 991 etc., so as to determine
sculpture, carve out; to engrave (‫ هـ‬s.th., the lowest bidder) VI to decrease
‫ على‬on, in) II to paint; to engrave; to gradually, diminish slowly, grow less or
sculpture III to argue, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o.); smaller by degrees VIII to decrease,
to discuss (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to debate (‫ هـ‬a diminish, become less; to wane; to impair,
question); to criticize (‫ هـ‬s.th.), object, diminish, lessen (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫انتقص مَن قدره‬
raise an objection (‫ هـ‬to), raise a protest (‫هـ‬ (qadrihī) to disparage s.o., detract from
against); to bear, examine, interrogate (‫ه‬ s.o., degrade s.o. X to ask for a reduction (
s.o.; jur.) VI to carry on a dispute, to ‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to find (‫ هـ‬s.th.) decreased,
debate (‫ في‬about) VIII to extract, pull out ( deficient, short, defective, imperfect,
‫ هـ‬a prick or thorn) inferior; to discover the absence (‫ هـ‬of),
miss (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ نقش‬naqš pl. ‫ نقوش‬nuqūš painting,
picture, drawing; engraving; inscription; ‫ نقص‬naqṣ decrease, diminution; deficit,
sculpture, figure loss, damage; wantage, lack, want,
shortage (‫ في‬of); gap, blank, omission;
‫ نقاش‬naqqāš painter; house painter;
defect, shortcoming, failing, fault,
artist; sculptor
blemish; deficiency, imperfection,
‫ نقاشة‬niqāša (art of) painting or inferiority │ ‫ نقص المواليد‬falling birth rate;
sculpture ‫ مَركب نقص‬murakkab n. inferiority complex
‫ مَنقش‬minqaš pl. ‫ مَناقش‬manāqiš2 chisel ‫ نقصان‬nuqṣān = ‫ نقص‬naqṣ
‫ مَنقاش‬minqāš pl. ‫ مَناقيش‬manāqīš2 chisel ‫ نقيصة‬naqīṣa pl. ‫ نقائص‬naqā’iṣ2
‫ مَناقشة‬munāqaša argument, controversy, shortcoming, failing, fault, defect

dispute, debate, discussion; ‫ تنقيص‬tanqīṣ diminution, lessening,


contestation, opposition, objection, protest decrease, reduction, lowering

‫ نقاش‬niqāš argument, controversy, ‫ مَناقصة‬munāqaṣa pl. -āt competition to


dispute, debate, discussion determine the lowest bidder, public
invitation to submit bide (for public
‫ مَنقوش‬manqūš colored, dappled, works), notice to bidders; award of
variegated; painted; engraved; sculptured; contract to the lowest bidder
inscribed
‫ انقاص‬inqāṣ diminution, lessening,
decrease, reduction, lowering, curtailment
‫ تناقص‬tanāquṣ decrease, diminution, ‫ نقيض‬naqīḍ opposed, opposite, contrary,
decrement antithetical, contradictory; antithesis,
opposition, contrast, opposite │ ‫على نقيض‬
‫ انتقاص‬intiqāṣ impairment, lessening
contrary to, in opposition to, in
‫ ناقص‬nāqiṣ pl. ‫ نقص‬nuqqaṣ decreasing, contradistinction to, unlike; ‫ على النقيض‬on
diminishing; diminished, lowered, the 992 contrary; ‫انتقل مَن النقيض الى نقيضه‬
decreased, reduced; faulty, defective; (intaqala) to go from one extreme to the
deficient, lacking, imperfect, incomplete; other, move in extremes
short of supply, scarce; less (‫ عن‬than);
‫ نقيضة‬naqīḍa pl. ‫ نقائض‬naqā’iḍ2 polemic
growing lighter; defective (gram.)
poem; contrast
‫ مَنقوص‬manqūṣ deficient, incomplete;
‫ مَناقضة‬munāqaḍa sharp contrast,
insufficient, inadequate
contradiction; opposition; contestation of
‫ نقض‬naqaḍa u (naqḍ) to destroy, demolish, a right
tear down, wreak, raze (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tear
‫ تناقض‬tanāquḍ mutual contradiction,
apart, take apart, undo (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to break,
incompatibility; inconsistency, contrariety
violate, infringe (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp., a contract
or similar legal obligation); to cancel, ‫ انتقاض‬intiqāḍ collapse, breakdown;
abolish, repeal, abrogate, revoke, nullify, uprising, revolt, rebellion
declare void, annul (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to invalidate, ‫ مَنقوض‬manqūḍ destroyed, demolished,
refute (‫ هـ‬a suspicion); to quash, rescind, wrecked; broken, violated; undone,
reverse (‫ هـ‬a sentence) │ ‫( نقض الولَء‬walā’) repealed, abrogated, annulled; refutable,
to renounce allegiance, to revolt; ‫لَ ينقض‬ disprovable
yunqaḍu irrefutable; incontestable,
irrevocable III to be in disagreement (‫هـ‬ ‫ مَناقض‬munāqiḍ contradictory, contrary,
with), be contradictory, contrary, opposite incompatible, inconsistent │ ‫مَناقض ذاته‬
(‫ هـ‬to), contradict (‫ هـ‬s.th.), be (dātahū) self-contradictory
incompatible, inconsistent (‫ هـ‬with) V to ‫ مَناقض‬mutanāqiḍ mutually
be destroyed, be demolished, be tom contradicting, contradictory, conflicting,
down, be wrecked, be razed; to be broken, mutually incompatible; pl. ‫مَتناقضات‬
be violated; to be undone; to disintegrate, contrasts, contrarieties, contradictions,
decay, fall down, break down, collapse; to oppositions
disappear, wear off, fade away, die away
VI to contradict each other; to be mutually ‫ نقط‬naqaṭa u (naqṭ) to point, provide with
exclusive VIII = V; to rise, mutiny, rebel, diacritical points (‫ هـ‬a letter) II do.; to
revolt (‫ على‬against); to attack (‫ على‬s.o.), spot, dot, dab, stain, speckle (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
take the field, go to war (‫ على‬against s.o.) fall in drops, drip; to cause (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to
drip, let (‫ هـ‬s.th.) fall in drops, drop (‫هـ‬
‫ نقض‬naqḍ destruction, demolition; s.th.); to distribute (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.) as a
breach, violation, infringement; infraction, present (‫ على‬to s.o.); to give a wedding
offense; refutation, invalidation; veto present (la to the bride)
(pol.); contradiction, logical
incompatibility │ ‫ نقض الحكم‬n. al-ḥukm ‫ نقطة‬nuqṭa pl. ‫ نقط‬nuqaṭ, ‫ نقاط‬niqāṭ point,
reversal of a sentence; ‫ نقض السلم‬n. as- dot; diacritical point; period, full stop;
salām breach of the peace; ‫مَحكمة النقض‬ drop; jot, title, speck; trifle, tiny piece;
‫ والبرام‬maḥkamat an-n. wa-l-ibrām Court part (esp., of motors, of machines); matter,
of Cassation (Eg.); ‫( لَ يجوز نقضه‬yajūzu) (it affair, subject, point; detail, particular;
is) no longer open to an appeal, incapable item; spot, location, site; place, village,
of revision, irrevisable, legally valid, final hamlet, market town
(sentence); ‫ حق النقض‬ḥaqq an-n. right of (geogr.); branch, post (adm.); base,
veto position, outpost (mil.); (eg.) wedding
‫ انقاض‬anqāḍ (pl. of ‫ نقض‬nuqḍ) debris; present; ‫ النقطتان‬colon (typ.) │ ‫نقطة الَتصال‬
rubble n. al-ittiṣāl junction (of traffic lanes); O
‫ نقط الَرتكاز‬fortified position, pocket of
resistance (mil.); O ‫( نقطة اساسية‬asāsīya) gathers │ ‫ مَنقع الدم‬m. ad-dam place of
key position; ‫ نقطة الَستفهام‬interrogation execution
mark; ‫ نقطة الَطفاء‬n. al-iṭfā’ or ‫نقطة المطافئ‬ ‫ مَنقوع‬manqū‘ macerated, soaked;
fire station; ‫ نقطة البوليس‬police station, infusion
station house; ‫ نقطة التحول‬n. at-taḥawwul
turning point, turn of events, turn of the ‫ مَستنقع‬mustanqa‘ pl. -āt quagmire,
tide; ‫ نقطة التشحيم‬grease nipples (of motors); swamp, bog; moor, morass, marsh, fen │
‫( نقطة جمركية‬gumrukīya) customs station, ‫ حمى المستنقعات‬ḥummā l-m. swamp fever,
customhouse; O ‫( نقطة خارجية‬kārijīya) malaria
outpost; ‫ نقطة الذنب‬n. ad-danab aphelion ‫ نقف‬naqf, niqf chick
(astron.); ‫ نقطة الرأس‬n. ar-ra’s perihelion
(astron.); ‫ نقطة العنبر‬n. al-‘anbar mole; ‫ نقل‬naqala u (naql) to move from its place,
beauty spot; ‫ نقطة العين‬n. al-‘ain leucoma move away, displace (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to remove,
(med.); O ‫ نقطة القتال‬combat area, zone of take away, carry away, carry, transport (‫الى‬
action; ‫ داء النقطة‬epilepsy; ‫( فوز بالنقط‬fauz) ‫ هـ‬s.th. to); to transfer, transplant, shift,
victory on points (in sports) translocate, relocate (‫ ه‬,‫ الى‬... ‫ هـ مَن‬s.o.,
s.th. from ... to); to transmit, convey,
‫ نقوط‬nuqūṭ (syr., eg.) wedding present communicate, bring, deliver, make overt
to the bride pass on, hand over (‫ الى ه‬s.th. to s.o.); to
‫ نقيطة‬nuqaiṭa droplet remove, dismiss (‫ ه‬s.o.); to move, remove
(‫ الى‬to); to copy (‫ مَن‬from); to translate ( ‫مَن‬
‫ نقاطة‬naqqāṭa dropping tube, dropper, ‫ الى‬... from one language into the other); to
pipette hand down, pass on, report, relate (‫الى هـ‬
‫ مَنقوط‬manqūṭ having one (diacritical) s.th. to s.o., ‫ عن‬from, or baaed. on, s.o. or
point; pointed, having (diacritical) points; a source); to quote (‫ عن‬an author or a
spotted, dotted, speckled │ ‫فصلة مَنقوطة‬ literary work); to render (‫ هـ‬a text); to
(faṣla) semicolon enter, post (‫ هـ‬an item; in bookkeeping); to
communicate, spread (‫ الى هـ‬a disease to
‫ مَنقط‬munaqqaṭ pointed, having
s.o.), infect (‫ هـ الى‬s.o. with); to transfer,
(diacritical) points; spotted, dotted,
assign, convey, cede (‫ الى هـ‬s.th., esp. a
speckled
right, to s.o.) II to move, move away,
‫ نقع‬naqa‘a a (naq‘) to soak, steep (‫فى هـ‬ displace, move on, move forward,
s.th. in); to infuse, brew (‫ هـ‬tea, etc.); to advance, transport, move about, let
slake, quench (‫ هـ‬thirst); to stagnate, be wander, let roam (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp., a great deal
stagnant, gather in a pool (water) IV to of s.th. or a great number of things, s.th.
soak, macerate (‫ هـ‬s.th. in a liquid); to successively, one thing after the other) │
slake, quench (‫ هـ‬thirst) X to stagnate, be ‫( نقل خطاه‬kuṭāhu) to stride along, move
stagnant; to become impure and foul by along III to exchange (‫ هـ ه‬with s.o.
stagnation (water); to be swampy (ground) words); to cast, shoot (‫ هـ ه‬at s.o. glances);
‫ نقع‬naq‘ maceration, soaking, steeping; to report (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o., s.th.), inform (‫ هـ ه‬s.o.
infusion; (pl. ‫ انقع‬anqu‘) stagnant water, of); to hand, pass (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) V to be
quagmire, swamp, bog; (pl. ‫ نقاع‬niqā‘, ‫نقوع‬ carried, be carried away, be removed, be
nuqū‘) dust 993 transported; to be transferred, be
conveyed, be assigned; O to be
‫ نقع‬nuqā‘a infusion transmitted (by radio); to shift, change its
O ‫ نقاعيات‬nuqā‘īyāt infusoria locality; to change one’s residence,
remove, go elsewhere; to change position
‫ نقيع‬naqī‘ infusion; that with which s.th. (mil.); to move about; to walk about; to
is soaked or permeated; (eg.) juice rove, roam, migrate, wander, travel about
obtained from dried fruits soaked in water │ ‫( تناقل في مَنازل البلغة‬m. al-balāga) to be
‫ نقوع‬naqū‘ dried fruit, dried apricots versed in rhetoric VI to carry, transport (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to report to one another, relate or
‫ مَنقع‬manqa‘ pl. ‫ مَناقع‬manāqi‘2 quagmire,
tell each other (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to exchange (‫هـ‬
swamp, bog;, sump, place where water
s.th.); to spread, report, relate (‫ هـ‬a story,
etc.), pass on, hand down (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to radio-photography; ‫ نقل مَيكانيكي‬motor
spread by word of mouth (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫تناقلته‬ transport (of passengers and cargoes); ‫اجرة‬
‫( اللسن‬alsun) to pass from mouth to ‫ النقل‬ujrat an-n. cartage, carriage, freight;
mouth, be on everybody’s lips, be the talk ‫ سيارة النقل‬sayyārat an-n. truck, lorry; ‫مَعالم‬
of the town; ‫( تناقلته اليدي‬aidī) to pass from ‫ النقل‬transfer fees, assignment fees; ‫وسائل‬
hand to hand, change hands; ‫تناقلت الجرائد‬ ‫ النقل‬means of transportation, conveyances
‫( الخبر‬kabara) the report was taken up by ‫ نقلي‬naqlī traditionary, traditional; of or
the entire press; ‫( تناقل الكلم‬kalama) to talk pertaining to transportation, transport- (in
with one another, have a talk VIII to be compounds) │ ‫( سيارة نقلية‬sayyāra) truck,
carried, be carried away, be removed, be lorry
transported; to be transferred, be
conveyed, be assigned; O to be ‫ نقليات‬naqlīyāt transport services,
transmitted (by radio); to shift, change its transportation system, transportation;
locality; to change one’s residence, transports
remove, go elsewhere; to change position │ ‫‘( نقليات عسكرية‬askarīya) troop
(mil.); to walk about; to rove, roam, transports
migrate, wander, travel about; to be
transferred (official); to be turned over, be ‫ نقل‬naql, nuql pl. ‫ نقول‬nuqūl candied
delivered, be transferred (ship); to be almonds or nuts, candy, sweets, dried
communicated (disease), spread (‫ الى‬to); to fruits, etc., as a dessert
be spread, circulate, make the rounds ‫ نقل‬naqal rubble, debris
(rumor); to be transplanted (‫ الى‬into or to);
to move, move along, travel; 994 to ‫ نقلة‬nuqla migration
betake o.s., proceed, go, take the road (‫الى‬ ‫ نقلة‬nuqla pl. ‫ نقل‬nuqal gossip; pattern,
to). head (‫ الى‬for), turn (‫ الى‬to); to apply model
o.s., turn (‫ الى‬to a field of interest); to turn,
‫ نقال‬naqqāl portable, transportable
make a turn (‫ الى‬into another street; of an
automobile); to pass (‫ مَن‬from one owner ‫ نقالة‬naqqāla pl. -āt stretcher;
‫ الى‬to the other); O to be propagated, ambulance; transport, transport vessel;
spread (waves, etc.; ‫ الى‬to, occasionally truck, lorry
also ‫ ;)في‬O to jump across (el. spark); to ‫ نقيل‬naqīl (yem.) mountain trail, defile,
shift (from attack to defense); to go away, pass
depart (‫ مَن‬and ‫ عن‬from), leave a place (‫مَن‬
and ‫ ;)عن‬to go around (‫ في‬in or among), ‫ مَنقل‬manqal and ‫ مَنقل‬manqala pl. ‫مَناقل‬
make the round (‫ في‬of), visit (one after the manāqil2 brazier
other) │ ‫ انتقل به الى‬to shift, translocate, ‫ مَنقلة‬manqala a day’s march; way
relocate s.th. to; ‫( انتقل الى رحمة ا‬raḥmati station, stopping place; O protractor
llāh) lit.: to pass away into God’s mercy,
i.e., to die; ‫( انتقل الى جوار ربه‬j. rabbihī) lit.: ‫ تنقل‬tanaqqul change of locality; change
to be transferred into the presence of the of residence; (mil.) change of position,
Lord, i.e., to die, pass away station or garrison; traveling, roving,
roaming, wandering, migration;
‫ نقل‬naql carrying, carriage; conveyance, conveyance, transportation, transport;
transportation, transport; removal; transmission (radio); transfer; reshuffle,
translocation, relocation, transplantation; shake-up, reorganization, change of
transfer (also, e.g., of an official); change personnel; regrouping, shifting,
of residence, move, remove; transmission rearrangement
(also by radio); translation; transcription,
transcript, copy; tradition; report, account; ‫ انتقال‬intiqāl change of locality;
entry, posting (in an account book); locomotion; change of residence, move,
conveyance, transfer, assignment, cession remove, removal; translocation,
│ ‫ نقلا عن‬based on, according to; ‫ نقل الدم‬n. relocation; transfer; conveyance,
ad-dam and ‫ نقل الدمَاء‬blood transfusion; O transportation, transport; transition ( – ‫مَن‬
‫ نقل الصور باللسلكي‬n. aṣ-ṣuwar bi-l-lā-silkī ‫ الى‬from -- to); transmission;
communication, infection; transit, passage ‫ نقمة‬naqma revenge, vengeance; rancor,
(of the sun through the zodiac); demise, spite, grudge, resentment; misfortune,
death │ ‫ طور الَنتقال‬ṭaur al-int. transition adversity, punishment, trial, affliction,
period; ‫ فترة الَنتقال‬fatrat al-int. interim heavy blow; retribution
period, interim stage, stage of transition; ‫ نقمة‬niqma, naqima pl. ‫ نقم‬niqam, ‫نقمات‬
‫‘ عيد انتقال العذراء‬īd int. al-‘adrā’ Day of the niqamāt revenge, vengeance; rancor, spite,
Assumption of the Virgin (Chr.) 995 grudge, resentment; misfortune, adversity,
‫ انتقالي‬intiqālī: ‫‘( عهد انتقالي‬ahd) transition punishment, trial, affliction, heavy blow
period ‫ انتقام‬intiqām revenge, vengeance
‫ ناقل‬nāqil pl. -ūn, ‫ نقلة‬naqala, ‫ نقال‬nuqqāl ‫ ناقم‬nāqim avenger; hostile (‫ على‬to);
carrying; carrier; bearer; translator; indignant, angry (‫ على‬at or about)
copyist; -- conductor (el.) │ ‫ ناقل السرعة‬n.
as-sur‘a gear-shift lever (of an ‫ مَنتقم‬muntaqim avenger; vindictive,
automobile) revengeful
1
‫ ناقلة‬nāqila pl. -āt transport, transport ‫ نقنق‬naqnaqa to croak (frog); to cackle, cluck
vessel │ ‫ ناقلة البترول‬n. al-betrōl and ‫ناقلة‬ (hen); to gnaw, nibble
‫ الزيت‬n. az-zait tanker; ‫ ناقلة الجنود‬troop- 2
‫ نقانق‬naqāniq2 small mutton sausages (syr.)
ship, transport; ‫ ناقلة الطائرات‬aircraft carrier
‫ نقه‬naqaha a (‫ نقوه‬nuqūh) and naqiha a (naqah)
‫ ناقلية‬nāqilīya conductivity (el.) to be on the road to recovery, to
‫ مَنقول‬manqūl carried, conveyed, convalesce; to recover, recuperate (‫مَن‬
transported; transferred; transmitted; from) VIII do.
translated; copied, transcribed; movable, ‫ نقه‬naqah and ‫ نقهة‬naqha recovery,
mobile, portable; handed down, convalescence
traditional; traditional stock; (pl. -āt) a
movable thing │ ‫ مَنقولات‬or (‫امَوال )امَلك‬ ‫ نقه‬naqih recovering, convalescent
‫ مَنقولة‬movable property, movables, effects, ‫ نقاهة‬naqāha recovery, convalescence │
personal property; ‫ مَنقولات المنزل‬m. al- ‫ دار النقاهة‬rest center, convalescent home
manzil household furniture, household
effects ‫ ناقه‬nāqih a convalescent

‫ مَتنقل‬mutanaqqil movable, mobile; (‫ نقو‬and ‫ نقي )نقي‬naqiya a (‫ نقاء‬naqā’, ‫نقاوة‬


portable; ambulant, itinerant, migrant, naqāwa, nuqāwa) to be pure II to purify,
roving, roaming; nomad; inconstant, cleean, cleanse (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to rid of
changing │ ‫( مَستشفى مَنتقل‬mustašfā) extraneous matter (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to &elect, pick
temporary field hospital, ambulance out, cull, sift, sort (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to hand-pick (
‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to purify, clean, cleanse (‫هـ‬
‫ مَنتقل‬muntaqil ambulatory; movable, s.th.) VIII to pick out, select (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
mobile; contagious, infectious,
communicable │ ‫ العياد المنتقلة‬the movable ‫ نقاء‬naqā’ purity
feasts; ‫‘( علة مَنتقلة‬illa) contagious disease ‫ نقاوة‬naqāwa, nuqāwa purity; O
‫ نقم‬naqama i (naqm) and naqima a (naqam) to fineness (of a precious metal); selection,
revenge o.s., avenge o.s., take revenge (‫مَن‬ culling; elite; pick, best
on s.o.), take vengeance; to be hostile (‫على‬ ‫ نقاية‬nuqāya selection, elite, pick 996
to), be full of rancor or vindictiveness,
J naqly pl. .W "iqd', .\,.ill aRqiyil"
have a spite, be resentful (‫ على‬against s.o.),
be mad, angry (‫ على‬at s.o., ‫ هـ‬for, because pure, clean, imm&CWate, unstained i
00; to hate, loathe, detest (‫ على‬s.o.); to clear,
hold s.th. (‫ )هـ‬against s.o. (‫ )على‬VIII to limpid, free of dirt or .xtraneous matter
revenge o.s., avenge o.s. take revenge (‫مَن‬
on); to take vengeance (‫ ل‬for) ~ taRqiya cleaning, cle&lllling, purifl.
cation; sifting, BOrting
pun, play on wards; the point of a joke from a path, road, route, courae) II to
I avert, divert, deBect, tum away,
0:::.11 ~l.- quick.witted, quick at remove
repartee (. s.th.) V to d.viate, swerve (. or .:r
.;,15::; Rakkdt witty; humoroua, from); to avoid, shun, eschew (A or .:r
piquant;
s.th.); to refrain (.:r from), steer clear
mocker, scoffer
(.:r of); to take upon one's should....
ta shoulder, take upon o.8., assume (A
s.th.) l.:r "'! ..,.s:::; to make s.o. d.viate
or
swerve from
..,.s:.; Ral:b pl. y ~ "dub and ~
Rakba pl. Ral:aMt misfortune,
calamity;

.Li:ll ifIJiqij' eel.ction I 0 .Li::l)ll Jo


'Jol'
(q'Ild,a) eel.ctivity (radic)
.;::... m"fIJaqa" eel.cted; eelect
ts:.; Ral:a'a a (s.!ll Rak') to scrape the
scab
(. off a wound)
..,.s:.; Ral:aba " (Ra.l:l>, Ral:ab) to
make un· disaster, catastrophe

happy, miserabl., aftlict, distress (. s.a.; ‫ مَنكب‬mankib pl. ‫ مَناكب‬manākib2


shoulder; side, flank; highland, upland │
of fate); to drop (. s.th.); to put (. s.a.) ‫( دفع بمنكبيه الهواء‬mankibaihi, hawā’)
out of favor; - (y~ ""k/lb) to blow approx.: to race along, dash along
sid.ways; to veer, shift (wind); - ‫ مَنكوب‬mankūb fate-stricken, afflicted
(Ra.l:l>, with disaster; unhappy, unfortunate, ill-
fated, miserable; victim (of a catastrophe)
""k/lb) to d.viate, sw.rv. (.:r from, esp.,
‫ نكت‬nakata u (nakt) to scratch up (‫ هـ‬the ‫ مَنكود‬mankūd unhappy, unfortunate; ill-
ground) II to crack jokes (‫ على‬about s.o.), fated │ ‫ مَنكود الحظ‬m. al-ḥaẓẓ pl. ‫مَناكيد الحظ‬
poke fun (‫ على‬at), ridicule (‫ على‬s.o.) manākīd al-ḥ. ill-starred, unlucky,
unfortunate
‫ نكتة‬nukta pl. ‫ نكت‬nukat, ‫ نكات‬nikāt jot,
title, speck, spot; witty remark, witticism, ‫ نكر‬nakira u (nakar, nukr, ‫ نكور‬nukūr, ‫نكير‬
wisecrack, joke; anecdote; pun, play on nakīr) not to know (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), have
words; the point of joke │ ‫حاضر النكتة‬ no knowledge, be ignorant (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to
quick-witted, quick at repartee deny, disown, disavow, renege (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II
to disguise, mask (‫ ه‬s.o.); to use in its
‫ نكات‬nakkāt witty; humorous, piquant;
indefinite form (‫ هـ‬a noun; gram.) III to
mocker, scoffer
disapprove (‫ ه‬of s.o.), reject (‫ه ه‬s.o.) IV to
‫ تنكيت‬tankīt chaffing, legpulling; pretend not to know (‫ ه‬s.o.), refuse to have
teasing, banter, raillery, mockery; joking, anything to do (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with s.o., with s.th.);
jesting, fun-making to refuse to acknowledge, disown,
‫ مَنكت‬munakkit mocker, scoffer disavow, disclaim, deny (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
renounce, renege (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to refuse, deny
‫ نكث‬nakata u i (nakt) to break, violate, infringe (‫ على هـ‬s.th. to s.o.), dispute, contest (‫على هـ‬
(‫ هـ‬a contract or similar legal obligation) s.th. of s.o.); to reject (‫ على هـ‬s.th. with
VIII to be broken, be violated regard to s.o.), disapprove (‫ على هـ‬of s.th.
‫ نكث‬nakt breach, violation (of a with regard to s.o.); to censure, blame,
contract, etc.) rebuke (‫ على ه‬s.o. for), criticize (‫ مَن هـ‬s.th.
in s.o.); to hold s.th. (‫ )هـ‬against s.o. (‫)على‬,
‫ ناكث‬nākit perfidious, faithless, false, reproach (‫ هـ على‬s.o. for) │ ‫انكر ذاته‬
disloyal (dātahū) to deny o.s. ; ‫( انكر نفسه‬nafsahū)
‫ نكح‬nakaḥa u i a (‫ نكاح‬nikāḥ) to marry (‫ ها‬a to harbor self-doubts; ‫ انكرت اني اراه‬I
woman), get married (‫ ها‬with) III to pretended not to see him V to be in
become related by marriage (‫ ه‬to s.o.) IV disguise, be disguised, disguise o.s.; to
to give in marriage (‫ ها ه‬to s.o. a girl) change for the worse, change beyond
recognition; to become estranged, be
‫ نكاح‬nikāḥ marriage; marriage contract;
alienated (‫ ل‬from s.th.); to .nub (‫ ل‬s.o.),
matrimony, wedlock
treat (‫ ل‬s.o.) with hostility, deal
‫ مَناكح‬manākiḥ2 (pl.) women ungraciously (‫ ل‬with s.o.); to deny o.s. (‫ل‬,
‫ نكد‬nakida a (nakad) to be hard, harsh, e.g., a feeling), shut out from one’s heart (
difficult; to be unhappy, miserable; -- ‫ ل‬s.th.) VI to have no knowledge, be
nakada u (nakd) to give little (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to ignorant (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to pretend not to
torment, pester, molest (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to make know (‫ هـ‬s.th.), feign ignorance, make as if
life hard, difficult, miserable (‫ ه‬for s.o.), one doesn’t know; to refuse to have
embitter s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬life III to torment, anything to do (‫ ه‬with), snub, cut, ignore,
harass, pester, molest (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be made pretend not to know (‫ ه‬s.o.) X not to know
miserable, be embittered (life) (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), have no knowledge, be
ignorant (‫ هـ‬of s.th.); to disapprove (‫ هـ‬of
‫ نكد‬nakd pl. ‫ انكاد‬ankād misfortune; s.th.), reject (‫ هـ‬s.th,); to detect, loathe (‫هـ‬
hardship, adversity; molestation, trouble, s.th.)
nuisance; worry, concern │ ‫نكد الطالع‬
misfortune ‫ نكر‬nukr denial, disavowal

‫ نكد‬nakid pl. ‫ انكاد‬ankād, ‫ مَناكيد‬manākīd2 ‫ نكر‬nakir unknown, little known


hard, troublesome, laborious; unhappy; ‫ نكرة‬nakira indefinite noun (gram.);
peevish, cross, bad-tempered unknown person
‫ انكد‬ankad2 troublesome, painful, ‫ نكران‬nukrān denial │ ‫ لَ نكران‬lā
excruciating 997 nukrāna it is incontestable; ‫نكران الجميل‬
‫ مَناكدة‬munākada pl. -āt inconvenience, ingratitude; ‫ نكران الذات‬self-denial
discomfort, trouble, burden
‫ نكير‬nakīr denial, disavowal; (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to lower, withdraw, retract,
disapproval, rejection; negation; pull in (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bow, bend, tilt (‫رأسه‬
reprehensible, repugnant, disgusting, vile, ra’sahū or ‫ برأسه‬one’s head); to cause a
revolting, loathsome, abominable, relapse (‫ هـ‬of an illness); pass. nukisa, to
atrocious; one of the Angels of Death (see suffer a relapse II = I; to hang at half-mast
‫( شد عليه النكير │ )مَنكر‬šadda) to reproach (‫ هـ‬a flag) VIII to be turned over, be
s.o. severely inverted, be reversed; to sink, drop
‫ انكر‬ankar2, f. ‫ نكراء‬nakrā’ forward (head); to relapse, suffer a relapse
reprehensible, abominable, disgusting, ‫ نكس‬nuks and ‫ نكسة‬naksa relapse;
vile, revolting, loathsome │ ‫ابتسامَة نكراء‬ degeneration, degeneracy; decadence
vicious smile
‫ تنكس‬tanakkus degeneration (biol.)
‫ انكار‬inkār denial, disavowal, negation,
contestation; refusal, rejection, non- ‫ انتكاس‬intikās relapse
acceptance │ ‫ انكار الذات‬self-denial, ‫ مَنكوس‬mankūs inverted, reversed;
selflessness, unselfishness; ‫( انكار لجميله‬li- relapsing, suffering a relapse
jamīlihī) ingratitude toward s.o.
‫ مَنكس‬munakkas inverted, reversed │ ‫مَنك‬
‫ انكاري‬inkārī denying, disaffirmative; ‫ س الرأس‬m. ar-ra’s with bowed head
negative
‫ مَنتكس‬muntakis relapsing, suffering a
‫ تنكر‬tanakkur disguise, masquerade │ relapse
‫ مَحفل التنكر‬maḥfil at-t. fancy-dress party,
costume ball ‫ نكش‬nakaša i a (nakš) to clear out, dredge,
clean (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp., a well); to stir up, rout
‫ تنكري‬tanakkurī: ‫( حفل تنكري‬ḥafl) up, turn up, hoe up, rake up, dig up, break
masked ball, costume ball (‫ هـ‬the ground); to rummage, ransack,
‫ استنكار‬istinkār disapproval; horror, search (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to disorder, ruffle, tousle,
aversion, loathing dishevel (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to shake (‫ هـ‬trees)
‫ ناكر‬nākir denying, disavowing; ‫ مَنكش‬minkaš pl. ‫ مَناكش‬manākiš hoe,
unfriendly, hostile, forbidding │ ‫ناكر الجميل‬ mattock; rake
ungrateful ‫ مَنكاش‬minkāš pl. ‫ مَناكيش‬manākīš2 O
‫ مَنكر‬munakkar indeterminate; indefinite dredger; poker, fire iron; (eg.) pickax
(gram.) ‫ نكص‬nakaṣa i u (nakṣ, ‫ نكوص‬nukūṣ, ‫مَنكص‬
‫ مَنكر‬munkar denied; not recognized, mankaṣ) to withdraw, turn away (‫عن‬
unacknowledged, disowned, disavowed, from); to recoil, shrink (‫ عن‬from) │ ‫نكص‬
disclaimed; disagreeable, shocking, ‫‘( على عقبيه‬aqibaihi) to retreat, climb
detestable, abominable; abomination, down, give up one’s intention II to cause (
atrocity; pl. ‫ مَنكرات‬objectionable, ‫ ه‬s.o.) to retreat VIII to fall back, recoil,
forbidden, 998 or reprehensible, actions │ retreat
‫ مَنكر ونكير‬the two angels who examine the ‫ نكف‬nakafa u (nakf) to stop, arrest (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
dead in their graves as to their faith disdain, scorn, spurn (‫ عن‬s.th.); to
‫ مَتنكر‬mutanakkir disguised, in disguise; reject (‫ عن‬s.th.) │ ‫( لَ ينكف‬yunkafu)
incognito │ ‫( رقص مَتنكر‬raqṣ) masked ball, irresistible, resistles8; immeasurable,
costume ball unfathomable III to vex, annoy, trouble,
‫ مَستنكر‬mustankar objectionable, pester, harass, torment (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬with) X to
reprehensible; odd, strange be proud, haughty; to disdain, scorn,
spurn, reject (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬s.th.), look down
‫ نكز‬nakaza u (nakz) to prick; to goad, egg on (‫ه‬ upon (‫ عن‬or ‫)مَن‬, have an aversion (‫ عن‬or
s.o.) ‫ مَن‬to), loathe, detest (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬s.th., also
‫ نكس‬nakasa u (naks) to turn around, turn over, ‫ ;)هـ‬to refrain (‫ ان‬from doing s.th.)
invert, reverse, turn upside down ‫ نكفة‬nakafa parotid gland
‫ نكفي‬nakafī parotid (adj.) │ ‫التهاب الغدة‬ ‫ نم‬namm slander, calumniation,
‫( النكفية‬gudda) inflammation of the parotid calumny; (pl. -ūn, ‫ انماء‬animmā’2)
gland, parotitis, mumps (med.) talebearer, scandalmonger, slanderer,
calumniator
‫ نكاف‬nukāf O parotitis, mumps (med.)
1 ‫ نمة‬nimma louse
‫ نكل‬nakala i u (‫ نكول‬nukūl) and nakila a
(nakal) to recoil, shrink (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬from), ‫ نمام‬nammām (eg.) a variety of mint
flinch, shirk (‫ مَن‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.), desist, (Mentha sativa L.; bot.)
refrain, abstain, draw back, withdraw (‫مَن‬ ‫ نمام‬nammām slanderer, calumniator
or ‫ عن‬from); -- nakala (‫ نكلة‬nakla) and II to
make an example (‫ ب‬of s.o.), punish ‫ نميمة‬namīma pl. ‫ نمائم‬namā’im2 slander,
severely (‫ ب‬s.o.), teach s.o. (‫ )ب‬a lesson; defamation, calumny
to maltreat, torture (‫ ب‬s.o.) II and IV to ‫ نامَة‬nāmma stir, bustle, life
repel, force back, drive back, hold off, 2
deter (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from) ‫ نمي‬nummī pl. -āt coin │ ‫‘ علم النميات‬ilm an-n.
numismatics
‫ نكل‬nikl pl. ‫ انكال‬ankāl, ‫ نكول‬nukūl fetter,
shackle, chain; bit (of a bridle) ‫ نموذج‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ نكال‬nakāl exemplary punishment, ‫ نمر‬V to become angry, furious (‫ ل‬with s.o.),
warning example, warning turn into a tiger; to bluster, swagger
‫ نكول‬nukūl refusal to testify in court ‫ نمر‬namir pl. ‫ نمر‬numur, ‫ انمار‬anmār
(Isl. Law) leopard; tiger
‫ تنكيل‬tankīl exemplary punishment; ‫ نمر‬namir clean, pure, healthy,
forcing back, driving back. containment; wholesome (esp., water)
maltreatment, torture 999 ‫ نمرة‬namira leopardess; tigress
2
‫ نكل‬nikl nickel ‫ نمرة‬numra pl. ‫ نمر‬numar speck, spot
‫ نكه‬nakaha i u (nakh) to blow, breathe (‫ على‬or ‫ل‬ ‫ انمر‬anmar2, f. ‫ نمراء‬namrā’2, pl. ‫نمر‬
in s.o.’s face) numr spotted, striped, brindled
‫ نكهة‬nakha smell of the breath; ‫ مَنمر‬munammar spotted, striped,
fragrance, smell, scent, aroma brindled
‫ نكى‬nakā i (‫ نكاية‬nihāya) to cause damage, to 2
‫ نمر‬II to mark with numbers, to number,
harm; to hurt, injure (‫ في‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to vex, provide with a number (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
annoy, offend (‫ ب‬s.o.)
‫ نمرة‬numra, nimra pl. ‫ نمر‬numar, nimar
‫ نكاية‬nikāya wrong, harm, damage, number, numero; figure │ ‫ نمرة واحد‬nimrat
prejudice; vexation, annoyance, grievance, w. first-class, first-rate, A-1, excellent
offense, outrage, chicanery │ ‫نكاية فيه‬
nikāyatan fīhi in defiance of him, to spite ‫ نمارة‬nammāra pl. -āt numberer,
him; ‫( اغلظ فيه النكاية‬aglaẓa, nikāya) to beset numbering machine, date stamp
s.o. grievously, ride roughshod over s.o. ‫ تنمير‬tanmīr numbering, numeration,
‫ انكى‬ankā worse; causing more damage, count
more harmful, hurting or offending more ‫ مَنمر‬munammar numbered, counted
grievously
‫ نمرسي‬numrusī pl. ‫ نمارسة‬namārisa (eg.)
1
‫ نم‬namma u i (namm) to betray, reveal, chinaware dealer
disclose, bespeak, indicate, show (‫ على‬or
‫ نمرق‬numruq and ‫ نمرقة‬numruqa pl. ‫نمارق‬
‫ عن‬s.th.); to give evidence (‫ عن‬of s.th.); to
namāriq2 cushion, pad; pillow; panel,
report in a libelous manner (‫ على هـ‬s.th.
saddle pad
about s.o.), sow dissension (‫ بين‬among or
between) ‫ نمس‬namasa i (nams) to keep secret, hide,
conceal (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to confide a secret (‫ ه‬to
s.o.), confide in s.o. (‫)ه‬, let (‫ ه‬s.o.) in on a
secret, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) one’s confidant III to ‫ نملية‬namlīya meat safe, food safe
confide a secret (‫ ه‬to s.o.) ‫ نمل‬namal itching, tickling sensation;
‫ نمس‬nims (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫نموس‬ tingle, prickle, pricking sensation
numūs ichneumon, mongoose; ferret, ‫ نمل‬namil creeping, crawling; teeming
marten, weasel with ants; nimble, deft
‫ نامَوس‬nāmūs pl. ‫ نوامَيس‬nawāmīs2 sly, ‫ نمل‬anmula pl. ‫ انامَل‬anāmil2 fingertip
cunning, wily; confidant; (coll.; n. un. ‫)ة‬
mosquito(es); see also alphabetically │ ‫النا‬ ‫ تنميل‬tanmīl itching, tickling sensation;
‫ مَوس الكبر‬the Archangel Gabriel tingle, prickle, pricking sensation
‫ نامَوسية‬nāmūsīya mosquito net 1000 ‫ مَنمول‬manmūl teeming with ants
‫ نمسا‬nimsā, ‫ النمسا‬an-nimsā Austria ‫ نمنم‬namnama to stripe, streak (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
adorn, embellish, ornament (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ نمساوي‬nimsāwī Austrian (adj. and n.)
‫ نمنم‬nimnim streaks or ripples in the
‫ نمش‬namiša a (namaš) to be freckled, have sand (caused by the wind)
freckles
‫ نمنمة‬namnama, nimnima wren (zoo.)
‫ نمش‬namaš (cols.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬freckles;
discolored spots on the skin O ‫ مَنمنمة‬munamnama miniature
‫ نمش‬namiš freckled (‫ نما )نمو‬namā u (‫ نمو‬numuw) to grow; to
increase; to rise
‫ انمش‬anmaš2, f. ‫ نمشاء‬namšā’2, pl. ‫نمش‬
numš freckled ‫ نمو‬numuw growth; progress
‫ نمط‬namaṭ pl. ‫ نماط‬nimāṭ, ‫ انماط‬anmāṭ way, ‫ نموذج‬namūdaj, numūdaj pl. -āt and ‫نماذج‬
manner, mode, fashion; form, shape; sort, namādij2 model; type; pattern; sample,
kind │ ‫ على نمط‬in the manner of; ‫على هذا‬ specimen; exemplar, example; blank, form
‫ النمط‬in this manner, this way, after this ‫ نموذجي‬namūdajī exemplary, model
fashion; ‫ حديث النمط‬new-fashioned, modem;
‫ عتيق النمط‬old-fashioned, outmoded; ‫هم على‬ ‫ نمى‬namā i (namy, ‫ نماء‬namā, ‫نمية‬
‫ نمط واحد‬they are of the same stamp, they namīya) to grow; to increase, augment,
are all alike multiply; to rise; to progress, make
progress, advance; to thrive, prosper,
‫ نمطي‬namaṭ formal, rigid, stiff flourish; to be ascribed, be attributed (‫الى‬
‫ نمق‬II to embellish, decorate, ornament, adorn to s.o.); to ascribe, attribute (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to write in an elegant, lofty style s.o.); to be told, be reported (‫ الى‬to s.o.; of
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to compose (‫ هـ‬a text) an event), reach (‫ الى‬s.o.; news), come to
s.o.’s knowledge II and IV to make grow,
‫ تنميق‬tanmīq ornamentation, increase, augment, promote, further,
embellishment; glorification, exaltation, advance (‫ هـ‬s.th,)VIII to trace one’s origin
ago grandizement; elaborate (‫ الى‬to s.o.), descend, be descended (‫الى‬
embellishment (with figures of speech); from), be related (‫ الى‬to); to be affiliated,
composition (of a text, in elegant style) be associated, have connections (‫ الى‬with);
‫ مَنمق‬munammaq adorned, embellished; to depend, be dependent (‫ الى‬on); to
elegant, in good style, ornate, flowery belong (‫ الى‬to, esp., to an organization), be
(text, language) a member (‫ الى‬of an organization)
‫ نمل‬namila a (namal) to tingle, prickle, be ‫ نماء‬namā’ growth, expansion, increase,
numb, be benumbed (a limb) augmentation, increment, accretion
‫ نمل‬naml (cols.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ نمال‬nimāl ‫ نمي‬namīy growth, expansion, increase,
ant augmentation, increment, accretion 1001
‫ نمل‬namlī antlike; ant- (in compounds); ‫ نماة‬namāh pl. ‫ نمى‬small louse
formic
‫ تنمية‬tanmiya expansion, promotion, assume an attitude; ‫نهج على مَنواله‬
furtherance, advancement; increase, (minwālihī) to follow s.o.’s example II to
augmentation; raising, stepping up, put out of breath, make breathless, cause
intensification, boost to pant (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV do.; to be clear (matter,
affair); to make clear, clarify, explain (‫هـ‬
‫ انماء‬inmā’ expansion, promotion,
s.th.) VIII to enter (‫ هـ‬upon a road), take (
furtherance, advancement, increase,
‫ هـ‬a route or course), follow, pursue (‫ هـ‬a
augmentation; raising, stepping up,
way, a road) │ ‫( انهج سبيله‬sabīlahū) and X
intensification, boost; cultivation,
‫ استنهج سبيله‬to follow s.o.’s example, follow
breeding (of plants)
s.o.’s footsteps, imitate s.o.
‫ انتماء‬intimā’ membership
‫ نهج‬nahj pl. ‫ نهوج‬nuhūj open way; road;
‫ نامَية‬nāmiya pl. ‫ نوام‬nawāmin growth; method, procedure, manner │ ‫نهج نهجه‬
morbid growth, morbid formation, (nahjahū) to follow s.o.’s method; ‫النهج‬
excrescence, tumor (med.) │ ‫النوامَي‬ ‫ القويم‬the straight path, the right way, the
‫( السرطانية‬saraṭānīya) cancerous proper manner
formations (med.)
‫ نهج‬nahaj quick breathing, panting;
‫ مَنتم‬muntamin belonging, pertaining breathlessness
‫ مَنتمى‬muntaman descent, origin, ‫ نهيج‬nahīj quick breathing, panting;
relationship, affiliation. membership breathlessness
‫ نهب‬nahaba a u and nahiba a (nahb) to ‫ ناهج‬nāhij open, plain road
plunder, rifle, take by force (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫نهب‬
‫ مَنهج‬manhaj, minhaj pl. ‫ مَناهج‬manāhij2
nahaba l-arḍa and ‫( نهب الطريق‬ṭarīqa) to
open, plain, easy road; manner, procedure,
cover the distance (‫ الى‬to) quickly or at
method; program; course │ ‫مَنهج التعليم‬
tremendous speed IV to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) rifle (‫هـ‬
curriculum; ‫ مَناهج البحث‬m. al-baht
s.th.); to leave, surrender as booty (‫ هـ ه‬to
methodology of research, research
s.o. s.th.) VI to grip, seize (‫ هـ‬the soul, the
methods
heart) │ ‫( تناهب الرض عدوا‬arḍa ‘adwan) to
race along at a tearing pace VIII to grip, ‫ مَنهاج‬minhāj pl. ‫ مَناهيج‬manāhīj way,
seize (‫ هـ‬the soul, the heart); to rifle, road; method; program
snatch away (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to take in eagerly, ‫ نهد‬nahada a u (‫ نهود‬nuhūd) to become
devour (‫ هـ‬s.th.; said of the eyes) │ ‫انتهب‬ round and full, swell (breasts); to be
‫( الطريق‬ṭarīqa) to cover the distance (‫الى‬ buxom, have round, swelling breasts V to
to) quickly or at tremendous speed sigh VI to share the expenses; to distribute
‫ نهب‬nahb robbery, plundering, pillage, among each other in equal shares (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
looting, spoliation; gallop; (pl. ‫ نهاب‬nihāb) 1002
plunder, spoils, booty, loot; ‫ نهبا‬nahban by ‫ نهد‬nahd pl. ‫ نهود‬nuhūd female breast,
robbery bosom; elevation, rise, hump, bump
‫ نهبة‬nuhba booty, plunder, spoils, loot ‫ تنهد‬tanahhud pl. -āt sigh
‫ نهبى‬nuhbā booty, plunder, spoils, loot ‫ ناهد‬nāhid full, round, swelling (breast);
‫ نهاب‬nahhāb robber; plunderer, in the bloom of youth; buxom
marauder, looter ‫ نهر‬nahara a (nahr) to flow copiously, stream
‫ نهبرة‬nahbura abyss; hell forth, gush forth; to chide, scold, reproach
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to turn away with angry words,
‫ نهج‬nahaja a (nahj) to proceed, act; to enter (‫هـ‬
brush off, rebuff, reject, repulse, drive
upon a road), take (‫ هـ‬a route or course),
away, chase away (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to chide,
follow, pursue (‫ هـ‬a way, a road); to make
scold (‫ ه‬s.o.); to drive away, chase away (‫ه‬
clear, clarify (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be open, plain,
s.o.)
distinct; -- nahaja i and nahija a (nahaj)
to be out of breath, gasp for breath, pant │ ‫ نهر‬nahr pl. ‫ انهر‬anhur, ‫ انهار‬anhār, ‫نهور‬
‫( نهج خطة‬kiṭṭatan) to pursue a plan; to nuhūr, stream, river; -- (pl. anhur and
anhār) column (of a newspaper) │ ‫مَا بين‬ ‫ نهش‬nahaša i (nahš) to bite, snap, grab
‫( النهرين‬nahrain) Mesopotamia; ‫مَا وراء النهر‬ with the teeth (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tear to pieces,
Transoxiana; ‫ نهر اردن‬Eridanus (astron.); mangle (.s.o.)
n. urdunn the Jordan river; ‫ نهر السلم‬n. as- ‫ نهاش‬nahhāš snappish, biting,
salām the Tigris; ‫ نهر الشريعة‬the Jordan mordacious, sharp
river
‫ نهض‬nahaḍa a (nahḍ, ‫ نهوض‬nuhūḍ) to
‫ نهري‬nahrī river- (in compounds), rise, get up (‫ عن‬from a seat, from bed); to
riverine, fluvial, fluviatile take off, start (airplane); to pounce (‫ الى‬on
‫ نهار‬nahār pl. ‫ انهر‬anhur, ‫ نهر‬nuhur s.o., on s.th.); to raise, lift, hoist, heave,
daytime, day (from dawn to dusk, as carry (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to carry on, practice,
distinguished from ‫ يوم‬yaum = day of 24 pursue, attack resolutely, tackle. handle,
hours) │ ‫ نهارا وليل‬nahāran wa-lailan by take in one’s hands, further, promote,
day and by night; ‫ ليل نهار‬laila nahāra day encourage (‫ ب‬s.th.), give a boost, give
and night; ‫( نهار انهر‬anhar) a wonderful impetus (‫ ب‬to s.th.), bring new life (‫ ب‬into
day s.th.), bring about an upswing (‫ ب‬of s.th.);
to stand up (‫ ب‬for), take up the cause of (
‫ نهاري‬nahārī relating to day or daytime,
‫)ب‬, espouse, support, endorse, champion (
diurnal; ‫ نهاريات‬news of the day,
‫ ب‬s.th.); to rise, revolt, rebel (‫ على‬against
miscellany (heading of a newspaper
s.o.); to get ready, prepare (‫ ل‬for a piece of
column)
work, a task, or the like), begin, start,
‫ انهر‬anhar2 see nahr undertake (‫ ل‬s.th.), enter, embark (‫ل‬
‫ نهير‬nahīr copious, ample, abundant, upon); to be apposite, pertinent, apropos
plentiful, much (argument) │ ‫( نهض قائما‬qā’iman) he got
on his 1003 feet, he got up; ‫( نهض بالمَر‬bi-
‫ نهير‬nuhair pl. -āt little river, creek, l-amr) to assume power, take the
brook; a tributary, an affluent command; ‫( نهضت الحجة ب‬ḥujja) proof bee
‫ انتهار‬intihār rebuke, scolding, been established for …; ‫نهض بالخسائر‬
reprimand, reproof; rejection, rebuff, ‫( والضحايا‬ḍaḥāyā) to take losses and
repulse, repulsion sacrifices readily upon o.s. III to offer
resistance (‫ ه‬to), resist, oppose, defy (s.o.);
‫ نهز‬nahaza a (nahz) to push, thrust, to argue, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to tell (‫ه‬
shove (‫ ه‬s.o.); to drive, urge on (‫ ه‬s.o.); to s.o.) to rise, lift up, raise, help up (‫ ه‬s.o.),
repulse, hold off, ward off (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to be awaken, (a)rouse, stir up, animate, inspire,
near s.th. (‫هـ‬, esp., fig.), approach, attain, stimulate, excite, incite (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to get
reach (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to seize (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ناهز‬ up, stand up, rise, draw o.s. up VIII do. X
‫ البلوغ‬to attain (the age of) majority; ‫ناهز‬ to awaken, (a)rouse, stimulate, animate,
‫ الخمسين‬he was close to fifty, he was encourage, incite, instigate, egg on (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ا‬
pushing fifty VIII ‫( انتهز الفرصة‬al-furṣata) ‫ لى‬to)
to seize or take the opportunity, take
advantage or avail o.s. of the opportunity; ‫ نهض‬nahḍ awakening, rise, growth,
‫( انتهز هـ فرصة ل‬furṣatan) to use s.th. as an boom, upswing, advancement, progress
opportunity for ‫ نهضة‬nahḍa pl. -āt getting up, rising;
‫ نهزة‬nuhza opportunity, occasion awakening (esp., national), rise, growth,
boom, upswing, advancement, progress;
‫ نهاز‬nahhāz: ‫ نهاز الفرص‬n. al-furaṣ quick resurgence, revival, rebirth, renaissance;
to seize an opportunity, an opportunist (spiritual) movement; ability, capability,
‫ انتهاز‬intihāz: ‫ انتهاز الفرص‬int. al-furaṣ power │ ‫‘ عيد النهضة‬īd an-n. Day of
exploitation of opportunities, opportunism National Awakening (of Iraq, celebrated on
the 9th of Shaban)
‫ انتهاز‬intihāzī timeserver, opportunist
‫ نهوض‬nuhūḍ raising, boosting, revival,
‫ انتهازية‬intihāzīya opportunism
restoration, promotion, advancement,
furtherance, encouragement, activation (‫ب‬ int. al-ḥurma sacrilege: ‫ انتهاك العورة‬int.
of s.th.) al-‘aura offense involving moral turpitude
‫ مَناهضة‬munāhaḍa resistance, opposition ‫ مَنهك‬munhik grueling, exhausting
‫ انهاض‬inhāḍ awakening, arousing, ‫ نهل‬nahila a (nahal, ‫ مَنهل‬manhal) to
stimulation, animation; promotion,. drink
advancement, encouragement, initiation of ‫ نهلة‬nahla pl. nahalāt drink, draught,
an upswing, of a boom gulp, swallow
‫ استننهاض‬istinhāḍ awakening, arousing, ‫ مَنهل‬manhal pl. ‫ مَنهل‬manāhil watering
stimulation, animation; promotion, place, spring, pool 1004
advancement, encouragement, initiation of
an upswing, of a boom ‫ نهم‬nahima a (naham, ‫ نهامَة‬nahāma) to have a
ravenous appetite, be insatiable; to be
‫ ناهض‬nāhiḍ rising, getting up; active, greedy, covetous (‫ في‬of)
diligent, energetic │ ‫ دليل ناهض‬conclusive
proof, cogent evidence ‫ نهم‬naham, ravenous appetite, voracity;
greed, greediness, avidity
‫ نهق‬nahaqa, nahiqa a (nahq, ‫ نهاق‬nuhāq, ‫نهيق‬
nahīq) to bray (donkey) ‫ نهمة‬nahma burning desire, craving,
greed, avidity
‫ نهك‬nahaka a (‫ نهاكة‬nahāka) to wear off, wear
out, use up, consume (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to grind ‫ نهيم‬nahim greedy, avid; insatiable,
down, crush (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- (nahk) and nahika voracious; glutton, gourmand
a (nahk, ‫ نهكة‬nahka) to exhaust, weaken, ‫ نهيم‬nahīm greedy, avid; insatiable,
enfeeble, debilitate, sap the strength of, voracious; glutton, gourmand
wear out, wear down, enervate, unnerve,
waste, emaciate (‫ ه‬s.o.); nahika and pass. ‫ مَنهوم‬manhūm greedy, avid; insatiable;
nuhika to be worn off, worn out, run down, covetous, desirous (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
used up, spent, exhausted, enervated, gaunt, ‫ نهنه‬nahnaha to restrain, hold back, keep,
emaciated │ ‫‘( نهك عرضه‬irḍahū) to injure prevent (‫ عن‬s.o. from); to sob
s.o.’s honor IV to exhaust, wear out,
enervate, ruin (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to waste, ‫ )نهو‬and ‫ نها )نهي‬nahā u (nahw) and ‫نهى‬
emaciate, enervate, exhaust (‫ ه‬s.o.); to nahā a (nahy) to forbid (‫ عن‬s.o. s.th., to do
violate, abuse, defile, profane, desecrate (‫هـ‬ s.th.), prohibit, ban (‫ عن‬s.o. from doing
s.th.); to infringe, violate (‫ هـ‬a law), offend s.th.), interdict, proscribe (‫ عن ه‬to s.o. s.th.);
against (‫ ;)هـ‬to rape, ravish (‫ ها‬a woman); to to restrain, hold back, keep, prevent (‫عن‬
insult, defame, malign, slander, abuse, s.o. from); pass. ‫ نهي‬nuhiya to come, get (
brutalize (‫ ه‬a man) │ ‫ لَ ينتهك‬yuntahaku ‫ الى‬to s.o.; of news), reach (‫ الى‬s.o.), come to
inviolable, sacrosanct, sacred, consecrated s.o.’s knowledge IV to get (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to
s.o.), make s.th. (‫ )هـ‬reach s.o. (‫ ;)الى‬to
‫ نهك‬nallk weakening, exhaustion, communicate, transmit, make known (‫الى هـ‬
enervation, attrition; consumption, s.th. to s.o.), bring (‫ هـ‬s.th.) to s.o.’s (‫)الى‬
depletion, exhaustion; abuse, misuse; knowledge, inform, apprise (‫ هـ الى‬s.o. of
infraction, violation; profanation, s.th.); to bring to an end, terminate, finish,
desecration; sacrilege end, wind up, conclude, complete (‫ هـ‬s.th.);
‫ نهكة‬nahka exhaustion; emaciation, to put an end to s.th. (‫)هـ‬, settle, decide (‫هـ‬
wasting away s.th.) VI to come to an end, run out, expire
(period of time); to attain a high degree; to
‫ انهاك‬inhāk exhaustion come, get (‫ الى‬to s.o.), reach (‫ الى‬s.o.); to
‫ انتهاك‬intihāk weakening, exhaustion, desist, refrain, abstain (‫ عن‬from), give up,
enervation, attrition; consumption, renounce, forgo, abandon (‫ عن‬s.th.), cease,
depletion, exhaustion; abuse, misuse; stop (‫ عن‬doing s.th.) │ ‫تناهى الى اسماعهم‬
infraction, violation; profanation, (asmā‘ihim) to come to s.o.’s hearing, to
desecration; sacrilege; rape │ ‫انتهاك الحرمَة‬ s.o.‘s knowledge VIII to be concluded,
terminated, finished, done with, settled,
decided, be over; to run out, expire, come ‫ نهائي‬nihā’ī extreme, utmost, last, final;
to an end (appointed time); to end, end up, ultimate, eventual; final, decisive,
wind up (‫ ب‬by, in or with); to finish, conclusive, definitive; ‫ نهائيا‬at last, finally │
terminate, conclude, wind up (‫ عن‬s.th.), be ‫( انذار نهائي‬indār) or ‫( بلغ نهائي‬balāg)
or become finished, done, be through (‫ب‬ ultimatum; ‫( حكم نهائي‬ḥukm) final decision,
with s.th.); to wind up, land eventually (‫الى‬ final judgment (jur.); ‫ علج نهائي‬extreme
at), get ultimately (‫ الى‬to); (with ‫ )الى ان‬to remedy, last resource; ‫( فوز ي‬fauz) ultimate
come or lead to the point where ..., end at triumph, eventual success; ‫ مَباران نهائي‬a
the point where, get eventually so that ..., final match, final (in sports)
result in; to come to s.o.’s (‫ )الى‬knowledge; ‫ لَ نهائي‬lā-nihā’ī infinite, unending
to lead, lead up, bring (‫ الى ب‬s.o. to); to
desist, refrain, abstain (‫ عن‬from s.th.), give ‫ لَنهائية‬lā-nihā’īya infinity
up, renounce, forgo, abandon (‫ عن‬s.th.), ‫ انهاء‬inhā’ finishing, termination,
cease, stop (‫ عن‬doing s.th.) │ ‫انتهى المَر الى‬ completion, conclusion; settlement;
‫ ان‬the upshot was that, the long and short of suspension, stop
it was that …; ‫ انتهى به المَر الى ان‬he got to
the point where ... ‫ تناه‬tanāhin finity, finitude, limitedness;
expiration (of a period of time)
‫ نهي‬nahy prohibition, ban, interdiction,
proscription │ ‫( النهي والمَر‬amr) unlimited, ‫ انتهاء‬intihā’ end, termination,
absolute authority, dictatorial power, completion, conclusion, close; expiration │
command ‫ انتهاء الجل‬int. al-ajal end of life, death
‫ نهيي‬nahyī prohibitory, prohibitive, ‫ ناه‬nāhin interdictory, prohibitory,
prohibitionary prohibitive │ ‫( هذا رجل ناهيك مَن رجل‬rajulun
nāhīka) here is a man to fill any man’s
‫ نهى‬nuhan intelligence, understanding, shoes; ‫( ناهيك مَن‬also ‫ عن‬or ‫ )ب‬how excellent
reason, mind, intellect is! how remarkable is …! suffice it to …!
‫ نهية‬nuhya mind, intellect let it be enough to …! to say nothing of ...,
not to mention …, let alone ...; above all, in
‫ نهاء‬nihā’ utmost degree, limit the first place, primarily; take, for
‫ نهاية‬nihāya pl. -āt end; termination, instance, ...! ‫ ناهيك ب‬it is enough to mention
conclusion; outcome, result, upshot; the …; ‫( ناهيك بأن‬bi-an) let it be enough to …;
utmost; limit, utmost degree, extreme, let it suffice you to know that ...; not to
extremity; nihāyatan in the end, at last, mention the fact that ...; to say nothing of
finally, ultimately, eventually │ ‫ في النهاية‬in the fact that ...; aside from the fact that ...
the end, at last, finally, ultimately, ‫ ناهية‬nāhiya pl. ‫ نواه‬nawāhin ban,
eventually; ‫ الى النهاية‬to the end; ‫( بل نهاية‬bi- prohibition, proscription
lā) unending(ly); ‫ الى غير نهاية‬or ‫الى مَا لَ نهاية‬
‫( له‬1 ā nihāyata) unendingly, to infinity, ad ‫ مَنهي‬manhīy forbidden, prohibited,
infinitum; ‫ للنهاية‬to the greatest extent, interdicted, illicit
extremely; ‫ نهاية الرب‬n. al-arab the ultimate ‫ مَتناه‬matanāhin finished, terminated,
goal; ‫( النهاية الصغرى‬ṣugrā) minimum; ‫النهاية‬ expired; limited, bounded, finite; utmost,
(‫( الكبرى )العظمى‬kubrā, ‘uẓmā) maximum; extreme; excessive, exaggerated │ ‫غير مَتناه‬
‫‘( النهاية العليا‬ulyā) the best grade, the highest unlimited, boundless, infinite, unending,
rating (in a system of school marks); ‫اعلى‬ endless; ‫( مَتناه في الدقة‬diqqa) extremely thin,
‫( درجة في النهاية الكبرى‬a‘lā darajatin) absolute of the greatest fineness; ‫مَتناه في الصغر‬
maximum (of temperature); 1005 ‫اعلى درجة‬ (ṣigari) extremely tiny, minute
‫( في النهاية اصغرى‬aqṣā d.) absolute
minimum; ‫ حد النهاية‬ḥadd an-n. utmost limit, ‫ مَنته‬muntahin ceasing, running out;
last step; ‫( كان نهاية في الحذق‬nihāyatan, ḥidq) finished, done; expired (validity)
to be the ne plus ultra of skill, be extremely ‫ مَنتهى‬muntahan finished, terminated;
skillful end; the utmost, extreme; highest degree,
utmost limit │ ‫ بمنتهى الشدة‬bi-m. š-šidda with
extreme force; ‫( في مَنتهى الدقة‬m. d-diqqa)
extremely thin; ‫ بلغ مَنتهاه‬to reach its highest ‫ نوبة‬nauba pl. ‫ نوب‬nuwab change,
degree alternation, shift, rotation; (one’s) turn;
time, instance (= ‫ مَرة‬marra); case,
(‫ ناء )نوء‬nā’a u (nau’) to fall down, sink
instance, occasion; -- (pl. -āt) fit, attack,
down, break down, collapse, succumb (‫ب‬
paroxysm (path.); crisis; change (or relief)
under a burden); to weigh heavily (‫ ب‬upon
of the guard, guard duty, guard; bugle call;
s.o.) │ ‫( ناء بالحمل‬ḥaml) to bear a burden
(syr.) troupe of musicians, small orchestra
with difficulty; to be weighed down by a
of native instruments │ ‫ بالنوبة‬alternately,
burden; ‫( ناء بكلكله‬bi-kalkalihī) to oppress
in rotation, by turns, successively, one by
s.o. grievously, weigh heavily upon s.o. III
one, one alter the other; ‫نوبة عصبية‬
to offer resistance (‫ ه‬to s.o.), resist, oppose,
(‘aṣabīya) nervous crisis; ‫ نوبات غضبه‬n.
withstand, defy (‫ ه‬s.o.); to vie, compete (‫ه‬
gaḍabihī his fits of rage; ‫( نوبة قلبية‬qalbīya)
with s.o.); to fight, struggle, contend (‫ ه‬with
heart attack; ‫ نوبات المطر‬n. al-maṭar rainy
s.o.) │ ‫‘( ناوأه العداء‬adā’a) to be hostile to
spells, periods of rain; ‫ جاءت نوبته‬it was his
s.o., treat s.o. with hostility IV to weigh
turn
down, crush (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ نوبتجي‬naubatjī on duty; commander of
‫ نوء‬nau’ pl. ‫ انواء‬anwā’, ‫ نوآن‬nau’ān,
the guard, officer on duty
tempest, storm; gale, hurricane
‫ نوبة‬nauba pl. ‫ نوب‬nuwab misfortune,
‫ مَناوأة‬munāwa’a resistance, opposition,
calamity, mishap, misadventure, accident,
recalcitrance, insubordination; struggle,
reverse, heavy blow
contention, strife
2 ‫ نيابة‬niyāba representation, replacement,
(‫ ناب )نوب‬nāba u (naub, ‫ مَناب‬manāb, ‫نيابة‬
substitution, proxy, deputyship; branch
niyāba) to represent (‫ عن‬s.o.), act as
office, branch, agency; delegation;
representative (‫ عن‬of s.o.), deputize,
prosecution, office of the district attorney
substitute (‫ عن‬for s.o.), act as deputy,
│ ‫ نيابة عن‬niyābatan ‘an in place of,
substitute, or proxy (‫ عن‬of s.o.), take s.o.’s
instead of, in lieu of; ‫ بالنيابة‬acting, deputy,
(‫ )عن‬place, replace (‫ عن‬s.o.), perform s.o.’s
by proxy; ‫( مَدير المصلحة بالنيابة‬mudīr al-
(‫ )عن‬office, act in s.o.’s (‫ )عن‬behalf; to
maṣlaḥa) the deputy director of the
return from time to time (‫ الى‬to s.o.), visit
department; ‫ بالنيابة عن‬in the name of, in
periodically (‫ الى‬s.o.), 1006 frequent (‫الى‬
behalf of; ‫‘( نيابة عمومَية‬umūmīya)
s.o.’s place); -- (naub, ‫ نوبة‬nauba) to
prosecution, office of the district attorney;
afflict, hit, strike, befall (‫ ه‬s.o.; of
‫ رئيس النيابة‬chief prosecutor; ‫وكيل النيابة‬
misfortune), happen, occur (‫ ه‬to s.o.), fall
representative of the prosecution,
to s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬lot or share, descend (‫ ه‬upon
prosecuting attorney; ‫( النيابات المالية‬mālīya)
s.o.) II to appoint (‫ ه‬s.o.) as deputy or
the financial delegations (in Algeria)
agent (‫ عن‬of), commission, depute, or
delegate (‫ ه‬s.o.) to act in behalf of (‫ )عن‬III ‫ نيابي‬niyābī vicarious, deputed,
to take turns, alternate (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to delegated; representative; parliamentary │
depute, deputize (‫ ه‬s.o.), commission or ‫ حكومَة نيابية‬representative (parliamentary)
delegate (‫ ه‬s.o.) to act in behalf of (‫)عن‬, in government; ‫( مَجلس نيابي‬majlis) parliament
s.o.’s (‫ )عن‬place; to empower, authorize (‫ه‬ ‫ مَناب‬manāb replacement, substitution,
s.o.) to act in behalf of (‫ ;)عن‬to come from proxy, deputyship; substitute; office
time to time (‫ الى‬to s.o.), visit frequently ( performed by proxy, place taken as
‫ الى‬s.o.), frequent (‫ الى‬s.o.’s place) │ ‫اناب‬ deputy; share, portion, allotment │ ‫ناب‬
‫ الى ل‬to turn repentantly to God VI to take ‫ مَنابه‬to represent s.o., substitute for s.o., act
turns, alternate (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬in, also ‫ هـ‬in in s.o.’s behalf
some activity), do s.th. (‫ في‬or ‫على‬, also ‫)هـ‬
by turns; to visit, befall or afflict (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ مَناوبة‬munāwaba alternation, rotation;
successively or alternately │ ‫تناوبته الخطوب‬ munāwabatan alternately, in rotation, by
he has suffered one misfortune after the turns, successively, one by one, one after
other VIII to befall, beset, afflict (‫ ه‬s.o.), the other │ ‫ بالمناوبة‬do.; ‫ مَناوبة الري‬m. ar-rīy
happen, occur (‫ ه‬to s.o.) (Eg.) periodic rotation in irrigation ‫انابة‬
ināba authorization; deputation,
delegation, appointment as authorized seaman apprentice, ‫( نوتي مَمتاز‬mumtāz)
agent or deputy │ ‫( انابات قضائية‬qaḍā’īya) seaman (mil.; Eg. 1939); ‫ نواتي السفينة‬ship’s
requests for legal assistance (from court to crew
court) 1
‫ نوح‬nūḥ Noah
‫ تناوب‬tanāwub alternation, rotation, 2
(‫ ناح )نوح‬nāḥa u (nauḥ, ‫ نواح‬nuwāḥ, ‫ نياح‬niyāḥ,
periodic change; O alternation (el.) │ ‫بالتناو‬ ‫ نياحة‬niyāḥa, ‫ مَناح‬manāḥ) to wail, weep,
‫ ب‬successively, one after the other, one by lament; to mourn, bemoan, bewail (‫على‬
one, by turns, alternately, in rotation 1007 s.o.); to coo (pigeon) ill to be opposite
‫ نائب‬nā’ib pl. ‫ نواب‬nuwwāb s.th. (‫)هـ‬, lie face to face (‫ هـ‬with), face (‫هـ‬
representative, agent, proxy, substitute, s.th.) V to awing; to pendulate, dangle; to
alternate; delegate; deputy; (with foll. sway VI to howl, whine (wind)
genit.) vice-; authorized agent; sergeant ‫ نوح‬nauḥ and ‫ نواح‬nuwāḥ loud loud
(formerly, Syr.; mil.); authorized weeping, wailing, lamentation (for the
representative of a cadi, assistant dead)
magistrate (Isl. Law), also ‫نائب شرعي‬
(šar‘ī) │ ‫ نائب الرئيس‬vice-president; vice- ‫ نواح‬nawwāḥ mourner
chairman; ‫‘( نائب عام‬āmm) or ‫نائب عمومَي‬ ‫ نواحة‬nawwāḥa hired female mourner
(‘umūmī) public prosecutor; ‫نائب العريف‬
corporal (Ir.); ‫ نائب القنصل‬n. al-qunṣul vice- ‫ نائحة‬nā’iḥa pl. ‫ نوائح‬nawā’iḥ2, ‫نائحات‬
consul; ‫ نائب الملك‬n. al-malik viceroy; ‫نائب‬ nā’iḥa hired female mourner
‫( مَالي‬mālī) financial delegate (Alg.); ‫مَجلس‬ ‫ مَناحة‬manāḥa lamentation, wailing,
‫ النواب‬majlis an-n. house of mourning
representatives, parliament
‫ نوخ‬II to halt for a rest; to take up residence IV
‫ نائب‬nā’ib share, portion; allotment; to make (‫ هـ‬a camel) kneel down; to stay,
contingent, quota; distributive share in remain (‫ ب‬at a place) │ ‫اناخ عليه البؤس بكلكله‬
estate, statutory portion (bu’su bi-kalkalihī) to be in great distress,
‫ نائبة‬nā’iba pl. -āt, ‫ نوائب‬nawā’ib2 be in a gray, plight X to kneel down
vicissitudes, ups and downs (of luck, of a ‫ مَناخ‬manāk pl. -āt halting place, way
battle, etc.); heavy blow, disaster, station; residence, abode; -- munāk,
calamity, misfortune manāk climate
‫ مَنوب‬munawwib mandator (jur.); ‫ مَناخي‬munākī, manākī climatic
constituent, voter
(‫ ناد )نود‬nāda u (naud, ‫ نواد‬nuwād, ‫نودان‬
‫ مَنوب‬munawwab: ‫ ضابط مَنوب‬officer on nawadān) and V to away; to awing back
duty, commander of the guard and forth; to pendulate
‫ مَناوب‬munāwib on duty (esp. officer) 1
‫ نور‬II to flower, blossom, be in bloom; to put
‫ مَنيب‬munīb repentant forth or bear (‫ هـ‬blossoms); to light,
illuminate, fill with light, furnish with
‫ مَتناوب‬mutanāwib alternating, alternate, lights (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.th.); to shed light (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬on
rotating, successive │ ‫( تيار مَتناوب‬ṭayyār) s.th.); to enlighten (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to light (‫هـ‬
alternating current (el.) a lamp) IV ‫ انار‬anāra to light, illuminate,
2
‫ بلد النوبة‬bilād an-nūba Nubia fill with light, furnish with 1008 lights (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to throw light (‫ هـ‬on a problem),
‫ نوبي‬nūbī Nubian (adj. and n.) elucidate, explain, clarify (‫ هـ‬a problem); ‫ان‬
1
(‫( نات )نوت‬naut) to away, real, totter, stagger ‫ ور‬anwara to come to light, show, appear,
2 be uncovered, be disclosed, be revealed V
‫ نوت‬nōt and ‫ نوتة‬nōta notes (mus.), also ‫نوت‬
to be lighted, be lit, be illuminated; to
‫ الموسيقى‬n. al-mūsīqā
receive enlightenment, be enlightened X
‫ نوتة‬nōta note, remark to seek enlightenment, insight, or an
3
‫ نوتي‬nūtī pl. ‫ نواتي‬nawātīy, ‫ نوتية‬nūtīya explanation; to receive light, be lighted, be
seaman, mariner, sailor; skipper │ ‫نوتي اول‬ lit, be illuminated; to obtain
enlightenment, gain insight, get an ‫ مَنار‬manār and ‫ مَنارة‬manāra pl. ‫مَناور‬
explanation, receive information manāwir2, ‫ مَنائر‬manā’ir2 lighthouse;
minaret
‫ نار‬nār f., pl. ‫ نيران‬nīrān fire; rifle fire,
gunfire; conflagration; ‫ النار‬Hell │ ‫جبل النار‬ ‫ مَنور‬manwar pl. ‫ مَناور‬manāwir2 light
jabal an-n. volcano; ‫ شريط النار‬slow match, hole (in a wall); skylight
fuse; ‫ شيخ النار‬šaik an-n. the Devil; ‫اشهر مَن‬ ‫ تنوير‬tanwīr flowering, blossoming,
‫‘( نار على علم‬alam) very famous; ‫كان على نار‬ bloom, efflorescence; lighting,
to be on pins and needles; ‫نيران حامَية‬ illumination; enlightenment; ‫ التنوير‬and
(ḥāmiya) heavy fire, drumfire (mil.) ‫ تنوير العقول‬the Enlightenment
‫ ناري‬nārī fiery, igneous, fire- (in ‫ مَناورة‬see below
compounds); burning, blazing, red-hot │
‫( آلة نارية‬in popular usage) motor, any ‫ انارة‬ināra lighting. illumination;
motor-driven device; ‫( دراجة نارية‬darrāja) enlightenment
motorcycle; ‫ سلح ناري‬firearm; ‫شهم ناري‬ ‫ نائرة‬nā’ira hatred, flame of war
(sahm) rocket; ‫( طلق ناري‬ṭalaq) shot (from
a firesrm), rifleshot, gunshot; ‫العاب نارية‬ ‫ مَنور‬munawwar lighted, illuminated;
fireworks; ‫ مَقذوف ناري‬projectile (of a enlightened; shining, brilliant; bright │
firearm), bullet, shell ‫ المنورة‬epithet of Medina
‫ نور‬naur (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫اانوار‬anwār ‫ مَنير‬munīr luminous, radiant, brilliant,
blossom(s), flower(s) shining; enlightening, illuminative │ ‫جسم‬
‫( مَنير‬jism) luminous body, luminary,
‫ نور‬nūr pl. ‫ انوار‬anwār light; ray of illuminant
light, light beam; brightness, gleam, glow;
illumination; light, lamp; O head-light (of ‫ مَتنور‬mutanawwir lighted, illuminated
an automobile); lantern │ O ‫نور براق‬ ‫ مَستنير‬mustanīr lighted, illuminated;
(barrāq) blinker, flashing light; O ‫نور ثابت‬ enlightened; educated; an educated person
steady light; ‫ نور الدلَلة‬ad-dalāla leading 1009
light (naut.); ‫( نور كشاف‬kaššāf) or ‫نور كاشف‬ 2
searchlight (mil.); O ‫( انوار خفية‬kafīya) ‫ مَناورة‬munāwara maneuver; trick; shunting
indirect lighting; ‫ ام النور‬umm an-n. the (railroad); ‫ مَناورات‬military maneuvers │
Virgin Mary; ‫ سبت النور‬sabt an-n. Easter ‫( مَناورات جوية‬jawwīya) air maneuvers;
Saturday (Chr.); ‫ عليك نور‬bravo! excellent! ‫ مَناورة دبلومَاسية‬diplomatic maneuver; ‫عامَل‬
well done! ‫ رأى النور‬to come into being, ‫ المناورة‬shunter
come into the world, be born ‫ نورج‬nauraj pl. ‫ نوارج‬nawārij2 threshing
‫ نوري‬nūrī luminary, luminous, like machine, thresher
light; light-, lighting- (in compounds); ‫ نورز‬nauraz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬sea gull(s) (zool.)
bright, shining, brilliant, radiant
‫ نورستانيا‬nūrastāniyā neurasthenia
‫ نوراني‬nūrānī luminous
‫ نوروز‬naurūz Persian New Year’s Day
‫ نورانية‬nurānīya luminosity, brilliance 1
(‫ ناس )نوص‬nāsa u (naus, ‫ نوسان‬nawasān) to
‫ نور‬nawar (coll.) gypsies; vagabonds, dangle, swing back and forth, bob
tramps
‫ نواس‬nawwās dangling, bobbing,
‫ نوري‬nawarī gypsy; vagabond, tramp swinging; O pendulum (Syr.)
‫ نورة‬nūra lime; depilatory agent 2
‫ ناووس‬nāwūs, ‫ ناءوس‬na’ūs pl. ‫ نواويس‬nawāwīs2
‫ نير‬nayyir luminous; shining, brilliant; sarcophagus
lighted, illuminated, brightly lit, full of 3
‫ ناس‬nās people, see ‫انس‬
light; clear, plain, distinct; ‫ النيران‬sun and
‫ نوسر‬nausara to form a fistula (‫)ناسور‬
moon
‫ نوش‬III to skirmish, engage in a skirmish (‫ه‬
‫ نوار‬nuwwār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫نواوير‬
with s.o.); to brush (‫ هـ‬against s.th.), play (
nawāwīr2 blossom(s), flower(s)
‫ هـ‬around or about s.th.)
‫ نوشة‬nauša (eg.) typhoid fever ‫ مَنوط‬manūṭ dependent, conditional (‫ب‬
on)
‫ مَناوشة‬munāwaša skirmish,
engagement, encounter │ ‫مَناوشة حربية‬ ‫ مَنوط‬munawwaṭ entrusted,
(ḥarbīya) engagement, armed clash; pl. commissioned (‫ ب‬with), in charge of (‫)ب‬
hostilities ‫ مَناط‬munāṭ entrusted, commissioned (‫ب‬
‫ مَناويش‬munāwīš and ‫ مَناويشي‬manāwīšī with), in charge of (‫)ب‬
(eg.) bluish purple ‫ نوع‬II to divide into various kinds,
‫ نوشادر‬nūšādir ammonia classify (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make different,
diversify, vary, variegate (‫ هـ‬s.th.), give
(‫ ناص )نوص‬nāṣa u (nauṣ, ‫ مَناص‬manāṣ, ‫مَنيص‬
variety (‫ هـ‬to); to change, alter, vary,
manīṣ) to avoid, shirk, evade, dodge (‫عن‬
modify, alter in its outward appearance (‫هـ‬
s.th.), flee, draw hack (‫ عن‬from) VIII to
s.th.), 1010 change the appearance (‫ هـ‬of)
grow dim, die down (light, lamp)
V to be of various kinds or forms; to be
‫ نوص‬nauṣ wild ass, onager manifold, diverse, varying, variegated,
‫ مَناص‬manāṣ and ‫ مَنيص‬manīṣ multiform, complex
avoidance, shirking, evasion; escape, way ‫ نوع‬nau’ pl. ‫ انواع‬anwā’ kind, sort, type,
out │ ‫( لَ مَناص مَنه‬manāṣa) inevitable, species; variety; way, manner, mode,
unavoidable fashion; form; nature, character, quality,
(‫ ناط )نوط‬nāṭa u (nauṭ, ‫ نياط‬niyāṭ) to hang, grade; ‫ نوعا‬nau’an somewhat, a little; to a
suspend (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. on); to entrust (‫ب هـ‬ certain extent, in some measure, in a
s.th. to s.o., ‫ هـ ب‬s.o. with), commission (‫هـ‬ certain way, so to speak, as it were │ ‫نوعا‬
‫ ب‬s.o. to do s.th.), charge (‫ هـ ب‬s.o. with); ‫ مَا‬somehow or other, in a way, after a
to make dependent, conditional (‫ ب‬or ‫على ه‬ fashion, somewhat; ‫( نوعا وكمية‬wa-
s.th. on); pass. ‫ نيط‬nīṭa to depend, be kammīyatan) in nature and quantity,
dependent, be conditional (‫ ب‬on), he qualitatively and quantitatively; ‫بنوع خاص‬
linked (‫ ب‬to), be connected (‫ ب‬with), (kāṣṣ) in particular, especially; ‫الول مَن‬
belong (‫ ب‬to); to be entrusted (‫ ب‬to s.o.); ‫ نوعه‬the first of his (its) kind; ‫ظالمون على‬
to hang, be suspended (‫ على‬on) II and IV = ‫ انواعهم‬oppressors of all kinds, all sorts of
I │ ‫( اناطه بشرط‬bi-šarṭin) to make s.th. oppressors; ‫ نوع النسان‬or ‫ النوع النساني‬the
dependent on (or subject to) a condition, human race
make s.th. conditional; ‫اناطه بعهدته‬ ‫ نوعي‬nau’ī relative to the nature or
(bi-‘uhdatihī) to entrust s.o. with the type; characteristic, peculiar, proper;
responsibility for s.th., make s.o. essential; specific │ ‫( ثقل )وزن( نوعي‬tiql,
responsible for s.th. wazn) specific gravity
‫ نوط‬nauṭ pl. ‫ انواط‬anwāṭ, ‫ نياط‬niyāṭ s.th. ‫ تنويع‬tanwī’ change, alteration,
suspended, hanging, or attached; modification
decoration, medal, order, badge of honor
‫ تنوع‬tanawwu’ diversity, variety,
│ ‫ نوط الجدارة‬n. al-jadāra order of merit
multiplicity; change, change-over,
‫ نيط‬naiṭ pl. ‫ نياط‬niyāṭ sorta │ ‫مَنظر يشق له‬ readjustment
‫( نياط القلوب‬manẓarun yušaqqu) a heart-
‫ مَنوع‬munawwa’ different, diverse,
rending light; ‫ قطع نياط القلوب‬to break the
various, miscellaneous, sundry, manifold,
heart
multifarious, complex
‫ مَناط‬manāṭ place where s.th. is
‫ مَتنوع‬mutanawwi’ different, diverse,
suspended; object, butt (e.g., of mockery);
various, miscellaneous, sundry, manifold,
anchor (of hope) │ ‫ مَناوط الثريا‬m. at-
multifarious, complex; ‫ مَتنوعات‬miscellany
turayyā or ‫ مَناط الجوزاء‬m. al-jauzā’ the
(heading of a newspaper column)
highest heavens, as high, or as far, as the
1
Pleiades (or Gemini, respectively) ‫ )نوف‬and ‫ ناف )نيف‬nāfa u (nauf) to be high,
lofty, exalted, sublime; to exceed (‫ عن‬or
‫ تنوط‬tanawwuṭ, tunawwiṭ weaverbird
‫ على‬s.th., esp., a number), be above (‫ عن‬or
‫)على‬, be more than (‫ عن‬or ‫)على‬, go beyond s.th. from); to take in, grasp, comprehend
(‫ عن‬or ‫ مَا ينوف على الحمسين │ )على‬more than (‫ هـ‬the meaning of s.th.); to take up, treat,
fifty II ‫ نيف‬nayyafa and IV to go beyond ( discuss (‫ هـ‬a subject), deal with (‫ ;)هـ‬to
‫ عن‬or ‫)على‬, be more than (‫ عن‬or ‫)على‬, extend (‫ هـ‬to), include, encompass (‫هـ‬
exceed (‫ عن‬or ‫ على‬s.th.) │ ‫مَا ينيف عن ثلث‬ s.th.); to reach (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a glance); to
‫( سنوات‬talāt sanawātin) more than three partake of the Communion, communicate
years, over three years (Chr.)
‫ ناف‬nāf yoke ‫ نول‬naul pl. ‫ انوال‬anwāl gift; way,
manner, mode, fashion; loom; freightage,
‫ نوف‬nauf pl. ‫ انواف‬anwāf that which
freight
exceeds a number or measure, excess,
overplus, surplus ‫ نوال‬nawāl gift, s.th. received; favor,
benefit; that which is proper, right,
‫ نيف‬nayyif excess, overplus, surplus │
incumbent, a duty │ ‫ نوالك ان تفعل كذا‬you
‫ نيف و‬or ‫ ونيف‬together with round figures:
must do this; ‫ ليس ذلك بنوال‬that’s improper,
some ..., ... and some, ... odd, e.g., ‫نيف‬
that isn’t right
‫ وعشرون‬some twenty, twenty and some,
twenty odd ‫ مَنول‬minwal and ‫ مَنوال‬minwāl loom
‫ نيافة‬niyāfa Excellency, Eminence ‫ مَنوال‬minwāl way, manner, mode,
(Copt.-Chr.; title of cardinals and bishops) fashion; method, procedure; form │ ‫على‬
‫ هذا المنوال‬in this manner, this way; ‫هم على‬
‫ مَنيف‬munīf high, tall, lofty; exalted,
‫ مَنوال واحد‬they are of one stamp, they are
sublime; outstanding, excellent
all alike; ‫ مَنوالك ان تفعل كذا‬you must do it
2
‫ مَنوفي‬manūfī a brand of Egyptian cotton this way
‫ نوفمبر‬nūfimbir, novembir November ‫ مَناولة‬munāwala presentation, offering,
‫ نوق‬V ‫ تنوق‬tanawwaqa and ‫ تنيق‬tanayyaqa to be handing over, delivery; Communion
squeamish, fastidious, finical, dainty, (Chr.)
choosy (‫ في‬in) X ‫ استنوق‬istanwaqa: ‫استنوق‬ ‫ تناول‬tanāwul taking of food, eating,
‫( الجمل‬jamala) he mistook the he-camel for drinking; comprehension, grasp,
a she-camel (proverbially of a mistake) receptivity; Communion (Chr.)
‫ ناقة‬nāqa pl. ‫ نوق‬nūq, ‫ نياق‬niyāq, ‫ناقات‬ ‫ مَتناول‬mutanāwil reaching out, taking,
nāqāt she-camel │ ‫لَ ناقة لي في المَر ولَ جمل‬ seizing, grabbing; partaking of the Lord’s
(nāqata, jamala) I have no hand in this Supper, communicating; communicant
matter, I have nothing to do with it
‫ مَتناول‬mutanāwal attainable, available,
‫ نيق‬nayyiq squeamish, finical, within reach; attainableness, availability;
fastidious, choosy, dainty, overnice reach, range │ ‫ اعسر مَتناولا‬difficult to
‫ انواك‬anwāk2 foolish, silly, stupid reach, hard to get at; ‫( تحت )في( مَتناول يده‬m.
yadihī) available, at s.o.’s disposal, within
(‫ نال )نول‬nāla u (naul) to give, donate, present, reach, handy, on hand; ‫ في مَتناوله‬attainable
offer, hold out, grant, award (‫ ل ب‬or ‫ ه‬to to s.o., within s.o.’s reach; ‫في مَتناول الجميع‬
s.o. s.th.), confer, bestow (‫ ب ل‬or ‫ ه‬upon within everybody’s means; ‫في مَتناول كل‬
s.o. s.th.) II to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) obtain (‫ هـ‬s.th.), ‫ الفهام‬comprehensible to all, understood by
give, afford, bring, yield (‫ هـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) all; ‫ جعل هـ في مَتناول‬to bring s.th. within
III to give, hand, pass, present, offer, s.o.’s reach, make s.th. attainable,
extend, serve, hand over, deliver (‫ هـ ل‬or ‫ه‬ available to s.o.
to s.o. s.th.) │ ‫( ناوله القربان‬qurbāna) to
administer the Communion to 1011 s.o. ‫ نولون‬naulūn and ‫ ناولون‬nāwulūn pl. ‫نوالين‬
(Chr.) VI to reach (‫ هـ‬for s.th.), take (‫هـ‬ nawālīn2 freightage, freight
s.th.); to accept (‫ هـ‬s.th.; to receive, get, (‫ نام )نوم‬nāma (1st pers. perf. nimtu) a (naum, ‫نيا‬
obtain (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to take, eat (‫ هـ‬food), have ‫ م‬niyām) to sleep, slumber; to go to bed; to
(‫ هـ‬a meal, tea, coffee, etc.); to take s.th. ( go to sleep; to abate, subside, let up, calm
‫ )هـ‬out of (‫)مَن‬, derive, draw, obtain (‫مَن هـ‬ down, be calm (wind, sea, etc.); to be
inactive, dull, listless (market); to be hypnotist; (pl. -āt) a soporific,
benumbed, be numb (limb); to neglect, somnifacient │ ‫( جرعة مَنوم‬jur‘a) soporific
omit, overlook (‫ عن‬s.th.), forget (‫ عن‬about potion, sleeping draught, nightcap; ‫دواء‬
s.th.), fail to think of (‫ ;)عن‬to be reassured ‫( مَنوم‬dawā’) a soporific, somnifacient
(‫ الى‬by s.th.), accept (‫ الى‬s.th.), assent (‫الى‬ ‫ نون‬II to add a final nūn (‫ هـ‬to a noun), provide
to), acquiesce (‫ الى‬in); to place confidence with the nunnation (‫ هـ‬a noun; gram.)
(‫ الى‬in s.o.), trust (‫ الى‬s.th.) │ ‫ينام مَلء جفنه‬
(mil’a jafnihī) he sleeps the sleep of the ‫ نون‬nūn pl. -āt name of the letter ‫ ;ن‬--
just II to lull (‫ ه‬s.o.) to sleep, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) (pl. ‫ نينان‬nīnān, ‫ انوان‬anwān) large fish,
sleep, put to bed (‫ه‬, esp., a child); to whale │ ‫ ذو النون‬the Prophet Jonah
anesthetize, narcotize, put to sleep (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ نوني‬nūnī shaped like a ‫ن‬, crescent-
IV = II; VI to pretend to be asleep; to shaped
place confidence, put trust (‫ الى‬in s.o.) X
to let o.s. be lulled to sleep or narcotized ( ‫ نونة‬nūna dimple in the chin
‫ ل‬by s.th.); to accede (‫ ل‬to s.th.), comply ( ‫ تنوين‬tanwīn nunnation (gram.) │ ‫هما‬
‫ ل‬with); to trust (‫ الى‬s.o.), have confidence ‫( كالتنوين والضافة‬iḍāfa) they are like day
(‫ الى‬in s.o.), rely, depend (‫ الى‬on s.o.); to and light, they are diametrically opposed,
entrust (‫ ب الى‬s.th. to s.o.); to be reassured they are as unlike as they could be
(‫ الى‬by s.th.), accept tacitly (‫ الى‬s.th.),
acquiesce (‫ الى‬in s.th.), content o.s. be ‫ نوه‬II to raise, elevate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to praise, laud,
content (‫ الى‬with) extol, acclaim (‫ ب‬s.o.), speak highly (‫ب‬
of); to commend, cite (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.); to
‫ نوم‬naum sleep, slumber │ ‫غرفة النوم‬ .trees, emphasize (‫ ب‬s.th.); to make
gurfat an-n. bedroom; ‫ قميص النوم‬night, mention, speak (‫ ب‬of s.o. or s.th.), refer (‫ب‬
gown, nightshirt to, also ‫ عن‬to s.th.), name, mention (‫عن‬
‫ نومَي‬naumī of or pertaining to sleep, s.th.); to hint (‫ عن‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ الى‬at). allude (‫عن‬
somn(i)-, sleeping- (in compounds) or ‫ ب‬or ‫ الى‬to), intimate, imply (‫ عن‬or ‫ ب‬or
‫ الى‬s.th.)
‫ نومَة‬nauma sleep, nap
‫ نوه‬tanwīh encomium, tribute, praise;
‫ نومَة‬nuwama one who sleeps much, mentioning, mention; reference; hint,
sleeper allusion
‫ نوام‬nawwām one given to sleep, sleeper ‫ نوى‬nawā i (‫ نية‬nīya, ‫ نواة‬nawāh) to intend,
‫ نؤوم‬na’ūm sound asleep; one given to propose, purpose, plan, have in mind,
sleep, sleeper; late riser, slugabed 1012 make up one’s mind (‫ هـ‬to do s.th.),
resolve, determine (‫ هـ‬on s.th. or to do
‫ مَنام‬manām sleep; (pl. -āt) dream s.th.); -- i (‫ نوى‬nawan) to absent o.s., go
‫ مَنام‬manām place to sleep; bedroom, away (‫ عن‬or ‫ مَن‬from) II to miaow (cat) III
dormitory to make an enemy of s.o. (‫)ه‬, fall out with
s.o. (‫)ه‬, be hostile, antagonistic (‫ ه‬to),
‫ مَنامَة‬manāma place to sleep; bedroom,
declare o.s. the enemy (‫ ه‬of) VIII to
dormitory; nightwear, nightgown, night-
propose, purpose, intend (‫ هـ‬to do s.th.)
shirt; -- ‫ المنامَة‬Manama (capital of Bahrein
Islands) ‫ نوى‬nawan remoteness, distance;
destination
‫ تنويم‬tanwīm lulling to sleep;
narcotization, anesthetization; hypnotism, ‫ نوى‬nawan (coll.) date pits; fruit
hypnosis kernels, atones
‫ نائم‬nā’im pl. ‫ نيام‬niyām, ‫ نوم‬nuwwam, ‫نيم‬ ‫ نواة‬nawāh (n. un.) pl. ‫ نويات‬nawayāt
nuyyam, ‫ نوام‬nuwwām, ‫ نيام‬nuyyām date pit; fruit kernel, stone; core; center;
sleeping; asleep; numb, benumbed (limb); atomic nucleus; nucleus (fig., from which
calm, tranquil, peaceful (night) s.th. will grow), central point, starting
point │ ‫ نوة الذرة‬n. ad-darra atomic
‫ مَنوم‬munawwim sleep-inducing,
nucleus
somniferous, soporific; narcotic;
‫ نووي‬nawawī nuclear, nucleal, nuclei-, ‫ نيروز‬nairūz New Year’s Day (Chr.-Copt.)
nuclea- (in compounds); of or pertaining ‫ نيزك‬naizak pl. ‫ نيازك‬nayāzik2 short lance;
to nuclear physics, nuclear, atomic │ ‫اسلحة‬ shooting star, meteor
‫( نووية‬asliḥa) nuclear weapons
‫ نيس‬nīs Nice (seaport in S France)
‫ ني‬nayy fat; see also under ‫نئ‬
‫ نيسان‬nīsān 2 April (Syr., leb., Jord., Ir.)
‫ نية‬nīya pl. -āt, ‫ نوايا‬nawāyā intention,
intent, design, purpose, plan, scheme; ‫ نيشان‬nīšān see (‫نشان )نشن‬
determination, will, volition, direction of ‫ نيص‬nīṣ porcupine
will; tendency, inclination, desire │ ‫على نية‬
with the intention to ...; ‫ في نية ان‬it is ‫ نياط‬,‫ نيط‬see ‫نوط‬
intended to ...; ‫ حسن النية‬ḥusn an-n. good ‫ نيف‬see ‫نوف‬
intention, good will, sincerity, honesty;
‫ سلمَة النية‬salāmat an-n. guilelessness, ‫ نيق‬see ‫نوق‬
innocence, sincerity; bona fides, good ‫ نيقوسيا‬nīqōsiyā Nicosia (capital of Cyprus)
faith (jur.); ‫ سليم النية‬undesigning, guileless,
(‫ ناك )نيك‬nāka i to have sexual intercourse (‫ها‬
artless, sincere; simplehearted, ingenuous,
with a woman)
simple-minded; ‫ سوء النية‬sū’ an-n. evil
intent, insincerity, malice, 1013 cunning, ‫ نيكل‬nikl nickel
deceit; (jur.) bad faith, mala fides, dolus 1
(‫ نال )نيل‬nāla (1st pers. perf. niltu) a (nail, ‫مَنال‬
malus; ‫ بسوء النية‬against one’s better manāl) to obtain, attain, achieve (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
judgment; (jur.) in bad faith, mala fide; get hold, get possession (‫ هـ‬of); to win,
‫ صافي النية‬ṣāfī an-n. sincere, candid, frank, gain, acquire, earn (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to get, obtain,
openhearted; ‫( اخلص له النية‬nīyata) to be procure (‫ ل هـ‬s.th. for s.o.); to accomplish (
loyally attached to s.o. or s.th.; ‫اخلص له النية‬ ‫ مَن هـ‬s.th. with s.o.), succeed (‫ مَن هـ‬in s.th.
‫ ل‬or ‫ حسنت نيته في‬ḥasunat nīyatuhū li do.; with s.o.), get s.th. (‫ )هـ‬from s.o. (‫ ;)مَن‬to
to have good intentions, be well- affect, influence (‫ مَن‬s.o., s.th.), bear upon
intentioned toward ...; ‫( اصلح نيته‬nīyatahū) s.th. (‫ ;)مَن‬to cause damage, do harm (‫ مَن‬to
to evoke the right intention in one’s heart s.o., to s.th.), prejudice, impair, harm (‫مَن‬
(ethical and religious); ‫ عقد النية على‬to s.th.) │ ‫‘( نال مَن عرضه‬irḍihī) to decry,
determine on s.th., resolve to do s.th., depreciate, discredit, defame, malign,
direct one’s intention to slander s.o.; ‫( نال مَنه اوفر مَنال‬aufara
‫ مَناو‬munāwin hostile, unfriendly manālin) to do s.o. untold damage, harm
s.o. most grievously; ‫( ناله بسوء‬bi-sū’in) to
(‫ ناء )نيء‬nā’a i (‫ نيء‬nay’, ‫ نيوء‬nuyū’,
harm s.o. or s.th.; ‫( ناله بضر‬bi-ḍurrin) do.;
‫ نيوءة‬nuyū’a) to be raw, uncooked (esp.,
‫ نال مَن نفسه ابلغ مَنال‬see ‫ مَنال‬below IV to
meat)
make or let (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) obtain (‫ هـ‬s.th.),
‫ نيء‬nī’, ‫ ني‬nīy raw; unripe; gross procure, get (‫ ل هـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.th. for s.o.)
(weight); see also under ‫نوى‬
‫ نيل‬nail obtainment, attainment,
‫ ناب‬nāb pl. ‫ انياب‬anyāb, ‫ نيوب‬nuyūb, ‫اناييب‬ acquisition; a favor received
anāyīb2 canine tooth, eyetooth; tusk; fang
‫ مَنال‬manāl obtainment, attainment,
│ ‫( كشر عن انيابه‬kaššara) to bare one’s teeth
achievement, acquisition │‫بعيد المنال‬
‫ ناب‬nāb pl. ‫ انياب‬anyāb, ‫ نيوب‬nuyūb, ‫نيب‬ unattainable; intangible, impalpable, far
nīb old she-camel from reality; ‫ صعب المنال‬ṣa‘b al-m.
‫ نيتروجين‬nitrōžé nitrogen unattainable; ‫( قريب )سهل( مَنال‬sahl) easy to
get, attainable; ‫ مَمكن المنال‬mukmin al-m.
‫ مَتنيح‬mutanayyaḥ late lamented, deceased attainable; ‫( نال مَن نفسه ابلغ مَنال‬ablaga
(Chr.; eg.) manālin) it made the deepest impression
1
‫ نير‬nayyir see ‫نور‬ on him
2
‫نير‬nīr pl. ‫ انيار‬anyār, ‫ نيران‬nīrān yoke ‫ نائل‬nā’il acquirer, earner, obtainer,
gainer, winner; a favor received, a boon,
‫ نيرة‬nīra gums (of the teeth) benefit, gain 1014
2
‫ نيل‬II to dye with indigo (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ هابيل‬hābīl2 Abel
‫ نيل‬nīl, ‫ نيلة‬nīla indigo plant, indigo ‫ هات‬hāti pl. ‫ هاتوا‬hātū give me (us) ...! bring me
(us) ...! let me (us) have ...!
‫ مَنيل‬munayyal dyed with indigo
3 ‫ هاتان‬see under ‫ها‬
‫ نيل‬II (eg.) to channel Nile water onto the
fields for the purpose of alluviating the ‫ هاتور‬hātōr Hator, the third month of the
soil Coptic calendar
‫ النيل‬an-nīl the Nile │ ‫ زمَن النيل‬zaman ‫( هارب‬Engl.) harb harp (musical instrument)
an-nīl time of the Nile inundation; ‫عرائس‬ ‫ هاشمي‬see ‫هشم‬
‫ النيل‬flowers of the European white water
lily (nenuphar) ‫ الهافر‬al-hāvir le Havre (seaport in N France)
‫ نيلي‬nīlī of the Nile, Nile (adj.), Nilotic ‫ هاكم‬,‫ هاك‬and ‫ هاكه‬see ‫ها‬
‫ مَنيل‬manyal Nilometer ‫ هؤلَء‬see ‫ها‬
‫ تنييل‬tanyīl (eg.) allviation of the soil by ‫ هأمَتذا‬,‫ هأنذا‬see ‫ها‬
irrigation or inundation ‫ هانم‬hānum pl. ‫ هوانم‬hawānim2 lady, woman
‫ نيلج‬nīlaj indigo ‫ هوانمي‬hawānimī ladylike, womenlike,
‫ نيلوفر‬nīlūfar European white water lily, feminine
nenuphar ‫ هأهأ‬ha’ha’a to burst into laughter
‫ نيلون‬nailōn, nīlōn nylon ‫ هاهنا‬see ‫ها‬
‫ نينة‬nīna mother ‫ هاواي‬hāwāy Hawaii
‫ نية‬see ‫نوى‬ ‫ هاون‬hāwun, ‫ هاوون‬hāwūn pl. ‫ هواوين‬hawāwīn2,
‫ نيورالجيا‬niyūraljiyā neuralgia ‫ اهوان‬ahwān mortar (vessel) │ ‫مَدفع الهاون‬
midfa’ al-hā. mortar (mil.) 1015
‫ نيزيلاندا‬niyūzīlandā New Zealand
‫ هايتي‬haitī Haiti
‫ ضوء نيوني‬ḍau’ niyūnī neon light
1
‫ هب‬hab imperative of ‫وهب‬
2
‫ هب‬habba u (habb) to get in motion, start
‫هـ‬ moving; to approach, attack, tackle (‫ الى‬or
‫ ل‬s.th.), embark (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬upon), begin (‫الى‬
‫ ها‬hā ha! look! there! ‫ ها هو‬hā huwa look, there or ‫ ل‬with), start doing s.th. (‫ الى‬or ‫( ;)ل‬with
he is! ‫ ها انتم‬hā antum you there! as a foll. imperf.) to proceed abruptly to do
prefix (mostly written defectively): ‫هذا‬ s.th., set out to do s.th.; to rush, fly (‫ الى‬at
hādā, f. ‫ هذه‬hādihī, ‫ هذي‬hādī, pl. ‫هؤلَء‬ s.o.); to wake up; to rise, get up (‫ مَن‬from,
hā’ulā’i, dual m. ‫ هذان‬hādānī, f. ‫هاتان‬ esp., from sleep); to revolt, rebel, rise (‫على‬
hātāni this one, this; see also against s.o.); -- (habb, ‫ هبوب‬hubūb, ‫هبيب‬
alphabetically; -- ‫ هذاك‬hādāka, f. ‫هاتيك‬ habīb) to blow (wind); to rage (storm); to
hātīka pl. ‫ هؤلَئك‬hā’ulā’ika that one, that; break out (fire); to waft, drift (‫ على‬in s.o.’s
-- ‫ هكذا‬hākadā so, thus; ‫ وهكذا‬wa-hākadā direction; of a scent), meet (‫ على‬s.o.; of a
and so forth; -- ‫ هاهنا‬hāhunā here; -- ,‫هاءناذا‬ pleasant smell) │ ‫( هب للحرب‬ḥarb) to take
‫ هأنذا‬hā’anādā, ‫ هأنتذا‬,‫ ها انت ذا‬hā’antadā, ‫ها‬ up arms, enter the war; ‫هب للمقاومَة‬
‫ ها نحن اولَء‬,‫ هو ذا‬I (emphatic form); you (muqāwama) to take up arm, in
there; this one, that one, that; we here, opposition, rise in arms; ‫( هب واقفا‬wāqifan)
etc.; here I am! there you are! etc.; -- with to plant o.s., station o.s, stand; ‫هبت ريحه‬
suffix: ‫ هاك‬hāka pl. ‫ هاكم‬hākum, here, take (rīḥuhū) he is in clover, he is in luck'. way,
it! there you are! there you have ...! he has a lucky hand with everything; ‫هب‬
following (below) is (are) ...; ‫ هاكه‬hākahū ‫( فيه الكلب‬kalb) the dog attacked him, fell
there he is upon him; ‫( كل مَن وهب ودب‬man, dabba)
‫ هاء‬hā’ pl. -āt name of the letter ‫هـ‬ everybody and his brother, every Tom,
Dick and Harry II to tear, rend (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ هبط‬habṭ reduction, lowering; decrease,
blacken with soot (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to besmut (‫هـ‬ diminution
s.th.); to botch, bungle, do in slipshod ‫ هبطة‬habṭa decent, decline, fall, drop;
manner (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV to wake up, awaken, depression (geogr.)
rouse (‫ مَن ه‬s.o. from sleep) V to be torn
‫ هبوط‬hubūṭ sinking; fall, drop, decline,
‫ هبة‬habba gust, squall decent; diminution, lessening, lowering,
‫ هبة‬hiba see ‫وهب‬ reduction (of the price); decrease;
weakness, feebleness; slump (on the stock
‫ هباب‬habāb fine dust
market); (airborne) landing │ 1016 ‫هبوط‬
‫ هباب‬hibāb soot, smut ‫( اضطراري‬iḍṭirārī) emergency landing; ‫هبو‬
‫ هبوب‬habūb strong wind, gale ‫ ط الخم‬h. ar-raḥim prolapse of the uterus,
hysteroptosis
‫ هبوب‬hubūb blowing (of the wind)
‫ هبوط‬habūṭ slope, declivity, drop, cliff,
‫ مَهب‬mahabb pl. ‫ مَهاب‬mahābb2 place bluff
where or from which the wind blows;
windy side, weather side, direction of the ‫ هبيط‬habīṭ emaciated, skinny, enervated,
wind; blowing of the wind; draft │ ‫في مَهب‬ worn out
‫ الريح‬storm-swept, exposed to storms, O ‫ اهبوطة‬uhbūṭa pl. ‫ اهابط‬ahābiṭ2
threatened by storms parachute
‫ هبت‬habata i (habt) to knock out, fell, throw to ‫ مَهبط‬mahbiṭ pl. ‫ مَهابط‬mahābiṭ2 place of
the ground (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass. hubiṭa to be a fall, of descent; landing place, airstrip,
despondent, faint-hearted; to be dim- runway; falling, faU. drop; place of origin,
witted birth place, cradle (fig.); O cathode (el.) │
‫ هبيت‬habīt despondent, faint-hearted, ‫ مَهبط الوحي‬m. al-waḥy the cradle of Islam;
cowardly; dim-witted ‫ في مَهبط الغروب‬at (the time of) sunset

‫ هبر‬habara u (habr) to mangle (with the teeth; ‫ هابط‬Ilabil descending, falling,


‫ ه‬s.o.); to carve into large pieces (‫ هـ‬meat) dropping, sinking │ O ‫هابط بالمظلة الواقية‬
(miẓalla, wāqiya) paratrooper
‫ هبر‬habr boned meat
‫ مَهبوط‬mahbūṭ emaciated, skinny,
‫ هبرة‬habra piece or slice of meat enervated, worn out
‫ هبيرة‬hubaira hyena │ ‫ ابو هبيرة‬abū h. ‫ هبل‬habila a (habal) to be bereaved of her son
frog (mother) V to take a vapor bath VIII to
‫ هبش‬habaša i (habš) to gather up, gather, avail o.s., take advantage (‫ هـ‬of an
collect (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to seize, grab, clutch (‫ب‬ opportunity); to intrigue. scheme │ ‫اهتبل‬
with the hand or with the claws) ‫ هبلك‬ihtabil habalaka watch out for your
own interests! take care of your own
‫ هبط‬habaṭa u i (‫ هبوط‬hubūṭ) to descend, go affairs! mind your own business!
down, come down; to fall down, drop; to
settle down; to sink; to dip, slope down; to ‫ هبل‬hiball a tall, husky man
fall to the ground; to fall in, come down, ‫ هبيل‬habīl dolt, fool
collapse (roof); to set down, land, alight
(airplane, travelers, ‫ هـ‬in a country); to ‫ اهبل‬ahbal2, f. ‫ هبلاء‬hablā’2, pl. ‫ هبل‬hubl
lose weight, become lean (body); to abate, dim-witted, weak-minded, imbecilic,
subside, let up, stop, die down (wind, fire, idiotic
etc.); to fall, drop, slump (prices); to go, ‫ مَهبل‬mahbal, mahbil pl. ‫ مَهابل‬mahābil2
come (‫ هـ‬to a place); -- u (habṭ) and IV to vagina
cause to sink or descend, lower, let down,
‫ مَهبلي‬mahbalī vaginal
bring down, take down, send down, fling
down, throw down (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to ‫ مَهبل‬mihbal nimble
lower, out down, reduce (‫ هـ‬the price); to
come (‫ هـ‬to a place)
‫ مَهبول‬mahbūl stupid, imbecilic, idiotic; ‫ مَستهتر‬mustahtir heedless, careless;
dolt, dunce, fool reckless, thoughtless, irresponsible;
wanton, unrestrained, uninhibited
‫ هبهب‬habhaba to bark, bay
‫ مَستهتر‬mustahtar blindly devoted (‫ب‬
‫ هبهاب‬habhāab mirage, fata morgana;
to), infatuated (‫ ب‬with), doting (‫ ب‬on)
swift, nimble
2
‫ هاتور‬look up alphabetically
(‫ هبا )هبو‬habā u (‫ هبو‬hubuw) to rise in the air
(dust, smoke); to run away, bolt, take to ‫ هتف‬hatafa i (hatf) to coo (pigeons); -- (‫هتاف‬
sight hutāt) to shout; to rejoice, shout with joy;
to acclaim, hail, cheer, applaud (‫ ل‬or ‫ب‬
‫ هبوة‬habwa pl. habawāt swirl of dust
s.o.); to jeer, boo (‫ ضد‬s.o.); to praise
‫ هباء‬habā’ pl. ‫ اهباء‬ahbā’ fine dust; dust highly, extol (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫ هتف به‬to call out
particles floating in the air │ ‫هباء مَنثصور‬ to s.o.; ‫( هتف به هاتف‬hātifun) a voice called
atoms scattered in all directions; ‫ذهب هباء‬ out to him, an invisible force told him,
(habā’an) to vanish. dissolve into nothing, made him (do s.th.); ‫( هتف بحياته‬bi-
end in smoke; ‫( ذهب هباء مَنثورا‬habā’an) or ḥayātihī) to cheer s.o.; ‫( هتف ثلثا‬talātan) to
‫( ضاع هباء مَنثورا‬ḍā‘a) to go up in smoke, give (‫ ل‬s.o.) three cheers VI to shout
fall through, come to nought, dissolve into encouragement to one another, encourage
nothing; ‫( ذهب به هباء‬habā’an) to ruin, one another (‫ على‬to do s.th.)
thwart s.th.; to scatter s.th. in all directions
‫ هتفة‬hatfa shout, cry, call
‫ هباءة‬hbā’a (n. un.) dust particle; mote
‫ هتاف‬hutāf pl. -āt shout, cry, call;
1
‫ هتر‬hatara i (hatr) to tear to pieces (‫ هـ‬s.th.) exclamation of joy; hurrah; acclamation,
III to abuse, revile, insult, call names (‫ه‬ acclaim, applause; cheer (‫ ل‬to s.o.) │ ‫هتاف‬
s.o.) IV (also pass. uhtira) to become ‫ الحرب‬h. al-ḥarb battle cry, war cry; ‫عاصفة‬
feeble-minded, childish (old man) VI to ‫ الهتاف‬storm of applause, thundering
revile each other, fling accusations at each applause
other; to be contradictory, conflicting
‫ هاتف‬hātif shouting, calling loudly; (in
(testimonies; Isl. Law) X to be negligent
earlier Sufism) invisible caller, voice; (pl.
and careless; to act in a reckless,
‫ هواتف‬hawātif) telephone; O loudspeaker;
irresponsible manner; to make light (‫ ب‬of
pl. ‫ هواتف‬exclamations, shouts, cries, calls
s.th.), attach little importance (‫ ب‬to),
│ ‫ هاتف القلب‬h. al-qalb inner voice; ‫بالهاتف‬
slight, disdain, despise (‫ ب‬s.th.); to jeer,
by telephone
scoff (y at s.o.), deride, ridicule, mock (‫ب‬
s.o.); pass. ustuhtira to be infatuated (‫ب‬ ‫ هاتفي‬hātifī telephonic, telephone- (in
with), dote (‫ ب‬on) compounds)
‫ هتر‬hitr pl. ‫ اهتار‬ahtār drivel, twaddle, ‫ هتك‬hataka i (hatk) to tear apart, rip apart (‫هـ‬
childish talk; lie, untruth, falsity, s.th., esp., a curtain, a veil); to unveil,
falsehood uncover, discover, disclose, reveal (‫هـ‬
s.th.); to disgrace, rape, ravish (‫ ها‬a
‫ هتر‬hutr feeble-mindedness, dotage
woman) │ ‫‘( هتك عرضه‬irḍahū) to disgrace
‫ مَهاترة‬muhātara abuse, revilement, s.o. II to tear to shreds, rip to pieces, tatter
vituperation, insult; pl. -āt wrangle, (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to get torn; to be exposed,
bickering shown up, discredited, disgraced,
‫ تهاتر‬tahātur confrontation of similar dishonored, ravished, raped; to give o.s.
evidence (Isl. Law) 1017 over (‫ في‬to s.th. disgraceful); to be
disgraceful, dishonorable, shameless,
‫ استهتار‬istihtār recklessness, impudent VIII pass. of hataka
thoughtlessness; wantonness, unrestraint,
licentiousness; disdain, scorn ‫ هتك‬hatk tearing, rending, ripping apart;
disclosure, exposure, exposé; dishonoring,
‫ مَهتر‬muhtar driveling, twaddling, disgracing, degradation, debasement, rape,
raving; childish old man
ravishing │ ‫ هتك السرار‬disclosure, ‫ هجرة‬hijra departure, exit; emigration,
uncovering of s.th. hidden exodus; immigration (‫ الى‬to); ‫ الهجرة‬the
Hegira, the emigration of the Prophet
‫ هتكة‬hutka dishonoring, disgracing,
Mohammed from Mecca to Medina in 622
degradation, debasement
A.D. │ ‫ دار الهجرة‬Medina
‫ هتيكة‬hatīka disgrace, scandal
.sA "'in of the Hegira. pertaining
‫ تهتك‬tahattuk shamelessness,
to Mohammed’s emigration │ ‫سنة هجرية‬
immorality; impudence, insolence
(sana) a year of the Hegira., a year of the
‫ مَتهتك‬mutahattik insolent, impudent; Muslim era (beginning with Mohammed’s
shameless, dishonorable emigration)
‫ مَستهتك‬mustahtik insolent, impudent; ‫ هجرة‬hujra, hijra pl. ‫ هجر‬hujar, hijar
shameless, dishonorable agricultural settlement of the Wababi
‫ هتامَة‬hutāma s.th. broken off, fragment, Ikhwan in Nejd
breakage ‫ هجراء‬hajrā’ obscene language‫هجر‬
‫ اهتم‬ahtam2 f. ‫ هتماء‬hatmā’2, pl. ‫ هتم‬hutm ‫ هجير‬hajīr midday heat
having no front tooth; toothless
‫ هجيرة‬hajīra midday heat, midday, noon
‫ هتن‬hatana i (hatn, ‫ هتون‬hutūn) to discharge a
‫ مَهجر‬mahjar pl. ‫ مَهاجر‬mahājir2 place of
pouring rain (sky)
emigration, retreat, refuge, sanctuary;
‫ هتون‬hatūn rain-fraught, heavy with rain emigration; settlement, colony
(cloud)
‫ مَهاجر‬mahājir obscenities
‫ هج‬hajja u (‫ هجيج‬hajīj) to burn, be on fire, be
‫ مَهاجرة‬multajara emigration
aflame; to flame, blaze, be ablaze II to set
ablaze, stir up, stoke (‫ هـ‬the fire) ‫ هاجرة‬hājira pl. ‫ هواجر‬hawājir2 midday
heat, midday, noon; -- (pl. -āt, ‫هواجر‬
‫ هجأ‬haja’a a (‫ هجء‬liar, ‫ هجوء‬hujū’) to be
hawājir2) obscene language, obscenity
appeased (hunger) IV ‫( أهجأ جوعه‬jū‘ahū) to
appease s.o.’s hunger ‫ هاجري‬hājirī midday (adj.); excellent,
outstanding
‫ هجد‬hajada u (‫ هجود‬hujūd) and V to stay awake
at night, keep a night vigil; to spend the ‫ مَهجور‬mahjūr abandoned, forsaken,
night in prayer 1018 deserted; lonely, lonesome; in disuse, out
of use, obsolete, antiquated, archaic
‫ هجر‬hajara u (hajr, ‫ هجران‬hijrān) to emigrate;
to dissociate o.s., separate, part, secede, ‫ مَهاجر‬muhājir emigrant, émigré;
keep away (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬from), part company (‫ه‬ ‫ المهاجرون‬those Meccans who emigrated to
with ); to give up, renounce, forgo, avoid ( Medina in the early period of Islam
‫ هـ‬s.th.); to abandon, surrender, leave ‫ هجس‬hajasa u i (hajs) to occur all of a sudden (
behind (‫ الى هـ‬s.th. to s.o.), relinquish, ‫ في نفسه‬to s.o.), come to s.o.’s mind ( ‫في‬
leave, give up, vacate (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ الى‬in favor ‫ ;)نفسه‬to mumble, mutter, talk to o.s.
of s.o.) II to induce (‫ ه‬s.o.) to emigrate in
to emigrate IV to leave, abandon, give up ‫ هجس‬hajs idea, thought; foolish talk
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to talk nonsense, talk through ‫ هجسة‬hajsa pl. hajasāt idea, thought;
one’s hat VI to desert one another, part notion, concept; fear, apprehension,
company, separate, break up anxiety, concern, misgiving, scruple; pl.
‫ هجر‬hajr abandonment, forsaking, fixed ideas, apprehensions, misgivings
leaving, separation; avoidance, abstention; ‫ هجاس‬hajjās braggart, boaster, show-off
separation from the beloved one; hottest
time of the day ‫ هاجس‬hājis pl. ‫ هواجس‬hawājis2 idea,
thought; notion, concept; fear,
‫ هجر‬hujr obscene language apprehension, anxiety, concern, misgiving,
scruple; pl. fixed ideas, apprehensions, attack, paroxysm (of a disease); forward
misgivings line, forwards (in soccer, and the like) │
‫( هجوم جانبي‬jānibī) flank attack; ‫هجوم جوي‬
‫( هجص‬eg.) hagaṣ mischief, nuisance,
(jawwī) air raid; ‫( هجوم مَضاد‬muḍādd) or ‫هج‬
horseplay
‫( وم مَعاكس‬mu‘ākis) counterattack; ‫خط الهجوم‬
‫ هجع‬haja‘a a (‫ هجوع‬hujū‘) to sleep peacefully; kaṭṭ al-h. forward line (in soccer, and the
to be or become calm, quiet, still; to be like); ‫ قلب الهجوم‬qalb al-h. the center
silenced, calm down, subside (uproar, forward (in soccer, and the like)
excitement, and the like); -- (haj‘) to
‫ هجومَي‬hujūmī aggressive, offensive
appease (‫ هـ‬the hunger) IV to allay,
appease (‫ هـ‬the hunger) ‫ مَهاجمة‬muhājama attack, charge;
assault, onset, onslaught, raid; O police
‫ هجعة‬haj‘a slumber
raid, police roundup
‫ هجوع‬hujū‘ slumber; lull, calming
‫ تهجم‬tahajjum pl. -āt assault, attack, raid
down; subsidence, abatement, letup,
remission, ebbing (e.g., of a disease) ‫ مَهاجم‬muhājim attacker, assailant,
aggressor; forward (in soccer, and the
‫ مَهجع‬mahja‘ pl. ‫ مَهاجع‬mahāji‘2 bed-
like)
chamber; quarters, barracks room (Syr.,
mil.) │ ‫ رئيس المهجع‬approx.: barracks ‫ هجن‬hajuna a (‫ هجنة‬hujna, ‫ هجانة‬hajāna, ‫هجونة‬
orderly, barrack sergeant (Syr., mil.) 1019 hujūna) to be incorrect or faulty II to
excoriate, flay, censure scathingly, run
‫ هجل‬hajala u (hajl) to cast amorous glances,
down, disparage (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to consider (‫هـ‬
make sheep’s eyes
s.th.) bad, wrong or improper; to
‫ هجم‬hajama u (‫ هجوم‬hujūm) to make for s.o. ( disapprove (‫ هـ‬of s.th.), condemn, reject (‫هـ‬
‫)على‬, rush, pounce (‫ على‬upon s.o.); to s.th.)
attack, assail, charge (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.); to
‫ هجنة‬hujna fault, defect, shortcoming;
raid (‫ على‬s.th.); to take by surprise, capture
meanness, baseness
in a surprise attack, storm (‫ على‬s.th.); to
enter without permission (‫ على‬s.th.), force ‫ هجان‬hajjān pl. ‫ هجانة‬hajjāna camel rider
one’s way (‫ على‬into), intrude, tresspass ( ‫ هجين‬hajīn pl. ‫ هجن‬hujun, ‫ هجناء‬hujanā’2,
‫ على‬on), invade (‫ على‬s.th.); to keep quiet II ‫ مَهاجين‬mahājīn2, ‫ مَهاجنة‬mahājina low,
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) attack, order s.o. (‫ )ه‬to lowly, base, ignoble, mean; -- (pl. ‫هجن‬
attack III to attack, assail, charge (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., hujun) racing camel, dromedary
s.th.); to launch an attack (‫ هـ‬on); to make
for s.th. (‫)هـ‬, rush, pounce (‫ هـ‬upon); to ‫ هجينة‬hajīna pl. ‫ هجائن‬hajā’in2 racing
raid (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to assault (‫ ه‬s.o.), fall upon camel, dromedary
s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to intrude, trespass (‫ هـ‬on), invade ‫ استهجان‬istihjān disapproval,
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV = II; V to fall upon (‫ )على‬VI to disapprobation
attack one another VII to fall down,
collapse (house); to be in poor health, be (‫ هجا )هجو‬hajā u (hajw, ‫ هجاء‬hijā’) to
frail; to flew down (tears); to shed tears ridicule, mock, satirize, disparage, run
(eye) down (‫ ه‬s.o.); to lampoon (‫ ه‬s.o.) II and V
to spell (‫ ه‬s.th.) III to compose defamatory
‫ هجمة‬hajma pl. hajamāt attack, charge; or satiric poems (‫ ه‬against s.o.), defame,
assault, onset, onslaught, raid, surprise satirize, lampoon, ridicule, mock (‫ ه‬s.o.)
attack, coup de main; severity (of VI to ridicule each other in satiric verse
winter)│ O ‫( هجمة مَعاكسة‬mu‘ākisa)
counterattack ‫ هجو‬hajw ridiculing, scoffing;
defamation, disparagement; lampoonery,
‫ هجمي‬hajmī aggressive, violent, mockery, ridicule, irony; satiric poem,
outrageous, brutal satire
‫ هجوم‬hajūm violent wind ‫ هجوي‬hajwī defamatory, denigrating,
‫ هجوم‬hujūm attack, charge, assault, disparaging, satiric
onset, onslaught, raid; offensive; fit,
‫ هجاء‬hijā’ derision, ridiculing, scoffing; ‫ هدأ‬hada’a a (‫ هدء‬had’, ‫ هدوء‬hudū’) to be calm,
satire; defamatory poem; (pl. ‫ اهجية‬ahjiya) still, quiet, tranquil; to become calm, calm
spelling, successive order of letters; down; to subside, abate, let up, die down
alphabet (storm, etc.); to stop, halt, linger, rest,
remain, stay (‫ ب‬at a place); to stop (‫عن‬
‫ هجائي‬hijā’ī alphabetical; satiric 1020
s.th., doing s.th.), cease (‫ عن‬to do s.th.) │
‫ اهجوة‬uhjuwa and ‫ اهجية‬uhjīya pl. ‫اهاجي‬ ‫( هدأ روعه‬rau‘uhū) to become composed,
ahājīy satiric poem, lampoon calm down II to calm, quiet, pacify,
‫ تهجية‬tahjiya and ‫ تهج‬tahajjin spelling tranquilize, appease, soothe, placate,
temper, assuage, allay (‫ مَن‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ه‬
‫ هاج‬hājin spelling; defamatory, s.o.); O to slow down, drive slowly │ ‫هدأ‬
denigrating; mocker, scoffer, derider; ‫( اعصابه‬a‘ṣābahū) to soothe the nerves; ‫هدأ‬
satirist ‫( مَن روعه‬rau‘ihī) to reassure s.o., set s.o.’s
‫ هد‬hadda u (hadd, ‫ هدود‬hudūd) to break, crush, mind at rest; ‫ هدئ روعك‬haddi’ rau‘aka
break off, pull down, tear down, raze, calm down! take it easy! don’t worry!
demolish, wreck, destroy (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to don’t be afraid! ‫( هدئ مَن روعك‬rau‘ika)
undermine, sap, weaken, ruin (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬or ‫مَن‬ calm down! take it easy! IV = II; to lull (‫هـ‬
s.o., s.th.); -- i (‫ هديد‬hadīd) to crash down, a baby) to sleep
fall down, collapse; -- a i (hadd) to be ‫ هدء‬had’ calm(ness), quiet(ness), peace,
weak and decrepit II to threaten, menace ( tranquility, stillness
‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), scare, frighten, terrify,
daunt, cow, intimidate, brow-beat (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ هداءة‬hadā’a calm, quiet, peace,
V do. VII to be or get torn down, tranquility, stillness
demolished, razed, wrecked; to fall down, ‫ هدوء‬hudū’ calm(ness), quiet(ness),
collapse, break down; to be broken down, peace, tranquility, stillness │ ‫ بهدوء‬calmly,
be dilapidated, be in ruins, be a wreck quietly
‫ هد‬hadd razing, pulling down, ‫ تهدئة‬tahdi’a calming, quieting,
wrecking; demolition, destruction pacification, tranquilization, appeasement,
‫ هدة‬hadda and ‫ هديد‬hadīd heavy, reassurance; O slowing down, slow
thudding fall; thud, crash (of s.th. driving
collapsing) ‫ هادئ‬hādi’ calm, quiet, peaceful,
‫ هداد‬hadād slowness, gentleness; ‫هداديك‬ tranquil, still │ ‫ هادئ القلب‬h. al-qalb
hadādaika gently! slowly! take it easy! calm(ly), confident(ly); ‫هادئ البال‬
composed(ly), with one’s mind at ease;
‫ مَهدة‬mihadda, rock crusher, jawbreaker ‫( المحيط الهادئ‬muḥīṭ) the Pacific Ocean
‫ تهديد‬tahdīd pl. -āt threat, menace; ‫ هدب‬hadaba a (hadab) to have long lashes
intimidation │ ‫ تهديد بالتشهير‬extortion by (eye); to have long, drooping branches
threats of public exposure, blackmail (tree) II to fringe, trim with fringes (‫ هـ‬a
(jur.) garment)
‫ تهديدي‬tahdīdī threatening, menacing ‫ هدب‬hadb, hudub (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫اهدا‬
‫ تهدد‬tahaddud threat, menace; ‫ ب‬ahdāb eyelashes; fringes │ ‫باهداب‬
intimidation trimmed with fringes, fringed; ‫تمسك باهدابه‬
(bi-ahdābihī) to be most devoted to s.o.,
‫ مَهدود‬mahdūd destroyed, demolished, be at s.o.’s beck and call, be under s.o.’s
wrecked │ ‫ مَهدود القوى‬m. al-quwā 1021 thumb; ‫ تمسك )تعلق( بأهداب الشيء‬to
weakened, debilitated, exhausted adhere, cling to s.th.; ‫ اخذ بأهداب الشي‬to
‫ مَهدد‬muhaddid menacing, threatening; apply o.s. to, attend to, engage in,
threatener, menacer cultivate, practice s.th.
‫ مَهدد‬muhaddad threatened, menaced ‫ هدب‬hadib having long lashes
‫ أهدب‬ahdab2, f. ‫ هدباء‬hadbā’ having long ‫ هدف‬hadaf pl. ‫ اهداف‬ahdāf target; aim,
lashes end, object, objective, purpose, design,
intention; goal (in sports) │ ‫جعله هدفا ل‬
‫ هداب‬huddāb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬fringes;
make s.o. the target or object of …,
edging, border
expose s.o. to s.th.; ‫ كان هدفا ل‬to be
‫ هدج‬hadaja i (hadj, ‫ هدجان‬hadajān, ‫ هداج‬hudāj) exposed, be open to ...; O ‫أهداف حربية‬
to shamble, shuffle along, walk with (ḥarbīya) military targets
unsteady, tottering or tremulous steps (old
‫ هداف‬haddāf sharpshooter, marksman
man), totter, hobble, limp II to make (‫هـ‬
s.th.) tremble V to tremble, quaver, shake ‫ هدفان‬hadafān (practice) target
(voice) ‫ مَستهدف‬mustahdif exposed, open (‫ ل‬to
‫ هودج‬haudaj pl. ‫ هوادج‬hawādij2 camel s.th.)
litter, howdah; sedan chair, litter ‫ هدل‬hadala i (‫ هديل‬hadīl) to coo
‫ هدر‬hadara i (hadr, ‫ هدير‬hadīr) to peal, rumble, (pigeon); -- i (hadf) to let down, let hang,
roll (thunder); to surge (sea); to roar dangle (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- hadila a (hadal) and V
(lion); to bray (donkey, camel); to clamor, to hang loosely, dangle; to flow, be wide
raise a din, be noisy; to storm, rage, rant, and loose (garment)
shout, bawl, bellow (person); to snarl (in a ‫ اهدل‬ahdal2, f. ‫ هدلاء‬hadlā’2, pl. ‫ هدل‬hudl
fury); to bubble, boil, simmer; (with ‫ )ب‬to hanging down loosely, flowing
blare s.th. out; -- u i (hadr, hadar) to be in
vain, be made to no avail (effort); to be ‫ مَهدل‬muhaddal hanging down loosely,
spent uselessly (money); to be abed in flowing
vain or with impunity (blood); -- (hadr) to ‫ هدم‬hadama i (hadm) to tear down, pull down,
shed in vain or with impunity (‫ هـ‬blood); rue, wreck, demolish, destroy (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
to spend uselessly, squander, waste (‫هـ‬ tear up (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to tear down, pull
effort or money); to ruin (‫ هـ‬the health) IV down, rue, wreck, demolish, destroy (‫هـ‬
to regard as nonexistent (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to s.th.); to tear up, blast, blow up (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V
consider invalid (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to invalidate, to be torn down, be razed, be demolished,
void (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to thwart, foil, ruin (‫ هـ‬s.th.) be destroyed, be wiped out; to be
‫ هدرا‬hadran uselessly, to no avail; in dilapidated; to fall down, break down,
vain, for nothing, futilely │ ‫ ذهب هدرا‬to collapse VII do. 1022
melt away uselessly, futilely, be spent in ‫ هدم‬hadm razing, pulling down,
vain, be wasted wrecking (of a building); demolition,
‫ هدر‬hudr fall, tumble destruction
‫ هدار‬haddār swirling, rushing, ‫ هدم‬hidm pl. ‫ اهدام‬ahdām, ‫ هدم‬hidam old,
torrential, roaring, raging; surging (sea); worn garment; pl. ‫ هدوم‬hudūm clothes,
weir; spillway, millrace clothing
‫ هدارة‬haddāra waterfall ‫ هدام‬haddām destructive
‫ هدير‬hadīr roaring, roar; surge, raging, ‫ هدام‬hudām seasickness
storming, uproar ‫ تهديم‬tahdīm wrecking, demolition,
‫ مَهدر‬muhdar invalid, void destruction, annihilation
‫ هدف‬hadafa u (hadf) to approach (‫ الى‬s.o. or ‫ تهدم‬tahaddum fall, downfall, crash,
s.th.). draw or be near s.o. or s.th. (‫ ;)الى‬to collapse, breakdown
aim (‫ الى‬at) IV to approach (‫ الى‬s.o. or ‫ هادم‬hādim crushing, devastating,
s.th.), draw or be near s.o. or s.th. (‫ )الى‬V annihilating, destructive; destroyer,
to strut X to be exposed, be open (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬ demolisher
to a danger); to be susceptible or sensiitive
(‫ ل‬to); to make (‫ هـ‬s.th.) one’s goal or ‫ مَهدوم‬mahdūm torn down, razed,
object, aim (‫ هـ‬at), have before one’s eyes, demolished, wrecked, destroyed
have in mind (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ مَهدم‬muhaddam and ‫ مَتهدم‬mutahaddim led on the right way; to be led, be shown,
torn down, razed, demolished, wrecked, be taken (‫الى‬, J to); to find the way (‫ الى‬to);
destroyed; in ruins, dilapidated, to find, detect, discover (‫ الى‬s.th.), come
ramshackle, tumble-down upon s.th. (‫ ;)الى‬to hit upon s.th. (‫ الى‬or ‫ل‬,
e.g., an idea), be made aware, think (‫ الى‬or
‫ مَستهدم‬mustahdim dilapidated,
‫ ل‬of), arrive (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬at); to be led back,
tumbledown (walls)
find one’s way back (‫ الى‬to the true faith,
‫ هدن‬hadana i (‫ هدون‬hudūn) to be or become ‫ مَن‬away from evil); to be guided (‫ ب‬by
quiet; to calm down, quiet down III to s.o.), take (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.) as an example
conclude a truce (‫ ه‬with s.o.) or model, follow s.o.’s (‫ )ب‬load X to ask
‫ هدنة‬hudna pl. -āt calm(ness), quietness, to be rightly guided, pray for divine
peace, tranquility, stillness; pause, guidance, seek the right way
intermission, cessation; truce, armistice ‫ هدي‬hady guidance, direction; way,
‫ هدن‬hidāna truce, armistice; peace road, course, direction; manner, mode,
fashion
‫ هدون‬hudūn calm(ness), quiet(ness),
peace, tranquility, stillness ‫ هدى‬hudan right guidance (esp., in a
religious sense); guiding, leading (of 1023
‫ مَهادنة‬muhādana conclusion of a truce, s.o.); right way. true religion │ ‫كان على هدى‬
truce negotiations to be on the right way; to embrace the true
‫ هدهد‬hadhada to rock, dandle (‫ ه‬a child) religion; ‫ على غير هدى‬aimlessly, at random;
‫ سار على غير هدى‬to wander aimlessly
‫ هدهد‬hudhud pl. ‫ هداهد‬hadāhid2 hoopoe
(zool.) ‫ هدية‬hadya, hidya (line of) conduct,
procedure, policy, course, way, direction;
‫ هدى‬hadā i (hady, ‫ هدى‬hudan, ‫ هداية‬hidāya) to manner, mode, fashion
lead (‫ ه‬s.o.) on the right way, guide (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ هـ‬on a course); to guide, show, direct (‫الى ه‬ ‫ هدية‬hadīya pl. ‫ هدايا‬hadāyā gift, present,
s.o. to), show (‫ ه‬s.o.) the way (‫ الى‬to); to donation; offering, sacrifice
lead (‫ ه‬s.o., to the true faith); to supply, ‫ هداية‬hidāya guidance │ ‫على غير هداية‬
bring, procure (‫ هـ‬s.th.); -- i (‫ هداء‬hidā’) to without divine guidance, aimlessly, at
bring, load, conduct (‫ الى ها‬the bride to the random
bridegroom) III to exchange presents (‫ه‬
with s.o.) IV to bring, lead, conduct (‫الى ها‬ ‫ اهدى‬ahdā better guided; more correct,
the bride to the bridegroom); to give as a more proper, better
present (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل هـ‬s.th. to s.o.), present (‫الى‬ ‫ اهداء‬ihdā’ presentation; donation,
or ‫ ل‬s.o., ‫ هـ‬with), make s.o. (‫ الى‬or ‫ )ل‬a grant(ing); award, bestowal, conferment;
present of (‫ ;)هـ‬to dedicate (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل هـ‬s.th. dedication (of a book)
to s.o.), confer, bestow, award (‫ هـ‬e.g., an
‫ هاد‬hādin pl. -ūn, ‫ هداة‬hudāh leading,
order); to send, convey, transmit (‫ هـ ه‬to
guiding; leader, guide
s.o. s.th.) V to be rightly guided, be led
well; to get (‫ الى‬to), reach (‫ الى‬a place, ‫ مَهدي‬mahdīy rightly guided; Mahdi
s.th.) VI to make each other presents, ‫ مَهتد‬muhtadin rightly guided
exchange presents; to exchange among
each other (‫ هـ‬s.th., also ‫ التحية‬at-taḥīya to ‫ هذا‬hādā (dem. pron.), f. ‫ هذه‬hādihī, ‫ هذي‬hādī,
exchange greetings, greet or salute each pl. ‫ هؤلَء‬hā’ulā’i, dual m. ‫ هذان‬hādāni, f.
other); to guide, load, conduct, take, bring ‫ هاتان‬hātāni this one, this │ ‫ بهذا‬bi-hādā
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to sway to and fro, swing hereby, herewith; ‫ لهذا‬li-hādā therefore, for
rhythmically (in walking); to walk with a this reason; ‫ مَع هذا‬herewith; in spite of it,
swinging gait; to stride; to move forward. nevertheless; ‫( هذا الى ان‬ilā an) besides,
Move on, advance; to get (‫ الى‬to), reach ( moreover, furthermore, what’s more; ‫هذا و‬
‫ الى‬a place); to get as far as (‫)الى‬, penetrate besides, moreover, furthermore, what’s
(‫ الى‬to); to flock (‫ الى‬to s.o.), rally (‫الى‬ more; on the other hand; ‫( هذا ويوجد‬yūjadu)
around s.o.) VIII to be rightly guided, be besides, there is ...
‫ هذب‬hadaba i (hadb) to prune, trim (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to ‫ هر‬harra i (‫ هرير‬harīr) to growl; to whimper,
clean. purify, cleanse, smooth (‫ هـ‬s.th.), whine
polish (‫ هـ‬s.th., also fig., e.g., the style) II ‫ هر‬hirr pl. ‫ هررة‬hirara tomcat; cat
do.; to improve, refine (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to rectify,
set right, correct (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to check, revise ‫ هرة‬hirra pl. ‫ هرر‬hirar cat
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to bring up (‫ ه‬a child); to ‫ هرير‬harīr growling, growl; yelping,
educate, instruct (‫ ه‬s.o.) V pass. of II whining, whimper(ing); spitting (of a cat)
‫ تهذيب‬tadīb expurgation, emendation, ‫ هريرة‬huraira kitten
correction; rectification; revision; training;
instruction; education, upbringing; ‫ هرأ‬hara’a a to tear, lacerate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to wear
culture, refinement out, wear off (‫ هـ‬a garment); to affect
strongly, beset grievously, try, wear out,
‫ تهذيبي‬tahdībī of or pertaining to harm, hurt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to irritate (‫ هـ‬the skin);
education, educational, educative; to he hitingly cold (wind) II to cook too
instructive, didactic much, overdo (‫ هـ‬meat) IV = II; V to he
‫ تهذب‬tahaddub upbringing, manners, overdone (meat); to he tom, lacerated VIII
education to he tom, lacerated, mangled, torn to
pieces; to be worn out, shabby
‫ مَهذب‬muhaddib teacher, educator
‫ هراء‬hurā’ prattle, idle talk
‫ مَهذب‬muhaddab well-mannered, well-
bred, refined, polished, urbane, cultured, ‫ مَهترئ‬muhtari’ overdone, boiled to
educated, well-behaved, polite, courteous shreds; torn, lacerated, mangled; worn out,
shabby
‫ مَتهذب‬mutahaddib well-mannered, well-
bred, refined, polished, urbane, cultured, ‫ هرب‬haraba u (harab, ‫ هروب‬hurūb, ‫مَهرب‬
educated, well-behaved, polite, courteous mahrab, ‫ هربان‬harabān) to flee (‫ الى‬to); to
escape (‫ مَن‬a danger); to desert; to run
‫ هذر‬hadara u i (hadr) to prattle, babble, prate, away, elope (‫ مَع‬with) II to help (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
talk nonsense; to blurt out, blab (‫ ب‬s.th.) II escape; to force to flee, put to flight (‫ه‬
to joke, make fun, jest s.o.); to liberate, free (‫ ه‬a prisoner) ; to
‫ هذر‬hadr prattle, babble, idle talk; rescue (‫ هـ‬a distrained or impounded thing;
raillery, taunting words jur.); to engage in illicit trade, to traffic; to
smuggle V to escape, elude (‫ مَن‬s.th.); to
‫ هذر‬hadar prattle, babble, idle talk;
shirk, dodge, evade (‫ مَن‬a duty, or the like)
mockery, scoffing
‫ هرب‬harab flight, escape, getaway;
‫ هذر‬hadir prattling, garrulous
desertion; elopement
‫ هذرم‬hadrama to babble, jabber, prattle, prate
‫ هروب‬hurūb flight
‫ هذلول‬hudlūl pl. ‫ هذاليل‬hadālīl2 elevation,
‫ هربان‬harbān fugitive, runaway, on the
hillock; little river, small stream
run; a runaway, a fugitive, a refugee
‫ خط هذلولي‬kaṭṭ hudlūlī hyperbola (math.)
‫ هراب‬harrāb coward
‫ هذى‬hadā i (hady, ‫ هذيان‬hadayān) to talk
‫ مَهرب‬mahrab pl. ‫ مَهارب‬mahārib2 (place
irrationally, rave, be delirious
of) refuge, retreat, sanctuary; flight,
‫ هذاء‬hudā’ raving, irrational talk, escape, getaway │ ‫( لَ مَهرب مَنه‬mahraba)
delirium inescapable, unavoidable
‫ هذيان‬hadayān senseless jabber, ‫ تهريب‬tahrīb illicit trade, trafficking;
rigmarole, raving, drivel, delirium; state of smuggling, smuggle, contrabandism
absennt-mindedness; folly; madness,
‫ هارب‬hārib fugitive, runaway, on the
insanity, mania, craze; hallucination
run; a runaway, a fugitive, a refugee;
‫ هاذ‬hādin delirious, raving 1024 deserter; see also alphabetically
‫ مَهرب‬muharrib illicit dealer, trafficker; ‫ هرع‬hara‘ hurry, haste, rush
smuggler ‫ هراع‬hurā‘ hurry, haste, rush
‫ مَهرب‬muharrab pl. -āt smuggled goods, ‫ هرف‬harafa i (harf) to praise excessively,
contraband shower with extravagant praise (‫ ب‬s.th.
‫ هرج‬haraja i (harj) to he excited, agitated, in or s.o.)
commotion II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) drunk,
befuddle, cloud, fog, blur (‫ ه‬s.o.’s mind or ‫ هرق‬haraqa a (harq) to shed, spill (‫ هـ‬s.th.) IV
perceptions); to joke, make fun, jest (‫ في‬in do.; to sacrifice (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
conversation) ‫ مَهراق‬muhrāq poured out, spilled
‫ هرج‬harj excitement, agitation, ‫ مَهرقان‬mahraqān, muhraqān,
commotion; disorder, muddle, confusion muhruqān shore, coast; ocean
│ ‫( هرج ومَرج‬wa-marj) turmoil, confusion,
chaos ‫ اهراق‬ihrāq shedding, spilling │ ‫اهراق‬
‫ الدمَاء‬i. ad-dimā’ bloodshed
‫ مَهرج‬muharrij jester, clown, buffoon
‫ مَهرق‬muhraq spilled, shed; -- (pl. ‫مَهارق‬
‫ هرجلة‬harjala chaos, muddle, confusion mahāriq2) parchment; O wax paper
‫ هردبشت‬hardabašt buncombe, nonsense; trash, ‫ هرقل‬hiraql2, hirqil2 Heraclius (Byzantine
rubbish, junk emperor); Hercules
‫ هرس‬harasa u (hars) to crush, mash, squash, ‫ هرم‬harima a (haram, ‫ مَهرم‬mahram, ‫مَهرمَة‬
bruise, pound (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to tenderize by mahrama) to become senile and decrepit
beating, pound until tender (‫ هـ‬meat) II to mince, chop (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
‫ هرس‬harīsa a dish of meat and bulgur; ‫ هرم‬haram decrepitude, senility; old
(eg.) a sweet pastry made of flour, melted age
butter and sugar
‫ هرم‬haram pl. ‫ اهرام‬ahrām, ‫اهرامَات‬
‫ هراس‬harrās pl. -āt steamroller ahrāmāt pyramid │ O ‫ هرم ناقص‬frustum of
O ‫ آلة هراسة‬āla harrāsa steamroller pyramid, truncated pyramid (math.)
‫ مَهراس‬mihrās pl. ‫ مَهاريس‬mahārīs2 ‫ هرمَي‬haramī pyramidlike, pyramidical,
mortar pyramidal
‫ هرش‬II to sow dissension (‫ بين‬between, among) ‫ اهرامَي‬ahrāmī pyramidlike,
III to quarrel, wrangle (‫ ه‬with); to dally, pyramidical, pyramidal
joke, banter (‫ ه‬with) 1025 ‫ هرم‬harim decrepit, senile; advanced in
‫ هرش‬harš scratching; wear and tear, years, aged, old; old man
attrition, depreciation (of tools, machinery, ‫ هرمَس‬harmasa to he grave, stern, gloomy
etc.) (face)
‫ هراش‬hirāš quarrel, wrangle ‫ هرمَون‬hormōn pl. -āt hormone
‫ مَهروش‬mahrūš worn out, battered ‫ هرهر‬harhara to move, shake (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ هرطق‬harṭaqa to become a heretic attack (‫ على‬s.o.)
1
‫ هرطقة‬haṭaqa heresy (‫ هرا )هرو‬harā u (harw) to cane, thrash,
wallop (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ هرطوقي‬harṭūqī pl. ‫ هراطقة‬harāṭiqa
heretic (Chr.) ‫ هراوة‬harāwa pl. ‫ هراوى‬harāwa stick,
cane; cudgel, truncheon, club
‫ هراطقي‬harāṭiqī heretic (Chr.)
2
‫ هراة‬harāh Herat (city in NW Afghanistan)
‫ هرطمان‬harṭamān a brand of oats
‫ هروي‬harawī of Herat
‫ هرع‬hara‘a a (hara‘) and pass. huri‘a to hurry,
hasten, rush (‫ الى‬to) II pass. hurri‘a and IV ‫ هرول‬harwala to walk fast; to burry, hasten,
ahra‘a do. rush (‫ الى‬to)
‫ هرولة‬harwala quick pace, haste, hurry ‫ اهتزازة‬ihtizāza (n. vic.) tremor,
vibration
‫ مَهرول‬muharwal hurrying, speeding; in
a hurry ‫ مَهتز‬muhtazz trembling, tremulous,
shaking, quivering
‫ هري‬hury pl. ‫ اهراء‬ahrā’ granary
‫ هزأ‬haza’a, ‫ هزئ‬hazi’a a (‫ هزء‬haz’, huz’, ‫هزؤ‬
‫ هار‬hārin reeling, tottering, unsteady
huzu’, ‫ هزوء‬huzū’, ‫ مَهزأة‬mahza’a) to scoff,
‫ هز‬hazza u (hazz) to shake (‫ ب‬or ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to jeer, sneer, laugh (‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬at), make fun (
swing, brandish, wave (‫ هـ‬a lance or ‫ مَن‬or ‫ ب‬of), deride, ridicule, mock (‫ مَن‬or
sword); to jolt to and fro, jog, rook (‫ ه‬s.o.); s.o.) V and X to deride, mock (‫ مَن‬or ‫ب‬
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) tremble; to convulse, s.o., s.th., also ‫)على‬
shake, rock, upset, sway (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫هز‬
‫ هزء‬haz’, huz’ and ‫ هزؤ‬huzu’ derision,
‫( كتفيه‬katifaihi) to shrug (one’s shoulders);
scorn, disdain, contempt; mockery
‫( هز رأسه‬ra’sahū) to nod, shake one’s head;
‫( هز ذيله‬dailahū) to wag its tail II to shake, ‫ هزئي‬huz’ī mocking, derisive
swing, brandish, wave (‫ هـ‬s.th.) V to be ‫ هزأة‬haz’a object of ridicule, butt of
moved, agitated, shaken, jolted, upset, derision, laughingstock
convulsed, receive a shock; to move, stir,
shake, sway, swing, vibrate, oscillate VIII ‫ هزأة‬huza’a mocker, sarcast; scorner,
do.; to tremble, quake, quiver; to be disdainer, despiser
moved, touched, deeply affected (‫ ل‬by ); ‫ مَهزأة‬mahza’a derision, loom, disdain,
to rock (rider on 1026 a camel) │ ‫لَ نهتز له‬ contempt; mockery; scornful laughter,
‫ كثيرا‬this won’t affect us greatly, this is not sneer
likely to disconcert us, this will hardly
cause us any headache; ‫( اهتز فرحا‬faraḥan) ‫ استهزاء‬istihzā’ mockery, ridicule,
to tremble with joy; ‫( اهتز اليه قلبه‬qalbuhū) derision, scorn │ ‫ باستهزاء‬mockingly,
to be elated by s.th. derisively
‫ هزة‬hazza (n. vic.) pl. -āt motion, ‫ هازئ‬hāzi’ mocker, scoffer
movement, stir, commotion, agitation; ‫ مَستهزئ‬mustahzi’ mocker, scoffer
convulsion; jolt, jog, push; O (electric)
shook; vibration, oscillation; tremor, shake ‫ هزبر‬hizabr, hizbar pl. ‫ هزابر‬hazābir2 lion
│ ‫( هزة ارضية‬arḍīya) seismic shock, ‫ هزج‬hazija a to sing
earthquake; (‫ الفرح‬،‫هزة السرور )الطرب‬
‫ هزج‬hazaj name of a poetic meter
(ṭarab, faraḥ) joyous excitement, delight,
rapture ‫ اهزوجة‬uhzūja pl. ‫ اهازيج‬ahāzīj2 song
1
‫ هزة‬hizza liveliness, vivacity, high ‫ هزر‬hazara i (hazr) to laugh II (eg.) to joke,
spirits make fun, jest
‫ هزاز‬hazzāz shaking, jolting; rocking; ‫ هزار‬hizār (eg.) joking, jesting, fun-
rolling, swinging; shaker (in concrete making
construction, for coal, and the like) 2
‫ هزار‬hazār pl. -āt nightingale
‫ هزيز‬hazīz bluster(ing), sough (of the ‫ هزع‬haza’a a (haz’), to hurry, be quick V do.
wind); rumbling, roll (of thunder)
‫ هزع‬hazī’ part of the night
‫ مَهزة‬mahazza excitement, agitation
‫ هزل‬hazala i (hazl, huzl), hazila a (hazal) and
‫ تهزيز‬tahzīz movement, agitation, pass. huzila to be emaciated, lean, skinny;
shaking to loss weight, become lean, skinny,
‫ اهتزاز‬ihtizāz convulsion, shock; emaciated; -- hazala i (hazl) to joke, talk
trembling, shaking, tremor; swinging, lightly, jokingly; to cause to lose weight,
oscillation, vibration; excitement, make lean, emaciate, enervate (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to
agitation, commotion, emotion emaciate, waste away, enervate (‫ ه‬s.o.) III
to joke, make fun, jest (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to
emaciate, waste away, enervate (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII ‫ هس‬hass i (hass) to whisper
to be or become lean ‫ هس‬hass whisper, whispering; soliloquy
‫ هزل‬had joking, jesting, fun ‫ هس‬huss hush! quiet! silence!
‫ هزلي‬hazlī jocular, funny, amusing, ‫ هسيس‬hasīs whisper, whispering sound
droll, humorous; humoristic; comical
1027 ‫ هستولوجيا‬histōlōjiyā histology
‫ هزلية‬hazlīya or ‫ رواية هزلية‬comedy ‫ هستيريا‬and ‫ هيستيريا‬histēriyā hysteria
(theat.) ‫ هيستيري‬histērī hysteric(al)
‫ هزل‬hazil joker, jester, funnyman, wag, 1
‫ هش‬hašša i (‫ هشوشة‬hušūša) to be crisp (bread)
wit -- u i (‫ هشاش‬hašāš, ‫ هشاشة‬hašāša) to be in
‫ هزال‬huzāl emaciation; leanness, good spirits, display a cheerful mien, wear
skinniness a smile; to smile (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬at s.o.), meet s.o.
(‫ ل‬or ‫ )ب‬in a courteous, amiable manner,
‫ هزال‬hazzāl joker, jester, funnyman, receive s.o. kindly; to cheer up (‫ ل‬over or
wag, wit because of), be delighted (‫ ل‬by); -- u to
‫ هزيل‬hazīl pl. ‫ هزلى‬hazlā lean, skinny, drive away, chase away (‫ هـ‬flies, and the
emaciated like); -- u i (hašš) to chop off (‫على هـ‬
leaves for the cattle) II to cheer up,
‫ مَهزلة‬mahzala pl. -āt, ‫ مَهازل‬mahāzil2
enliven (‫ ه‬s.o.), raise s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬spirits
comedy
‫ هش‬hašš delicate, fragile; crisp, brittle,
‫ هازل‬hāzil joking, jocose, jocular,
crumbly, friable; fresh and soft; gay,
funny, humorous, amusing; joker, wag,
cheerful, happy, lively, brisk
wit │ ‫( صحف هازلة‬ṣuḥuf) funnies, comics
‫ هشاش‬haššāš soft, crumbly, friable
‫ مَهزول‬mahzūl pl. ‫ مَهازيل‬mahāzīl2
emaciated, wasted, haggard, gaunt; weak, ‫ هشيش‬hašīš soft
feeble ‫ هشاشة‬hašāša gaiety, cheerfulness,
‫ هزم‬hazama i (hazm) to put to flight, rout, happiness
vanquish, defeat (‫ ه‬the enemy); to put out ‫ هاش‬hāšš crisp, blithe, cheerful, bright-
of action, neutralize (‫ ه‬an opponent) VII to faced │ ‫( هاش باش‬bāšš) gay and happy
be defeated, be routed, be put to flight
2
‫ هش‬hušš hush! quiet! silence!
‫ هزم‬hazm vanquishing, routing; defeat
‫ هشم‬hašama i (hašm) and II to destroy (‫هـ‬
‫ هزيم‬hazīma roll of thunder, rumbling, s.th.); to smash (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to crush (‫ هـ‬s.th.)
rumble, thunder; fleeing, fugitive, in V and VII to be or get smashed, destroyed
flight, on the run
‫ هشيم‬hašīm frail, fragile; dry stalks,
‫ هزيمة‬hazīma pl. ‫ هزائم‬hazā’im2 defeat, straw, chaff
rout │ O ‫ روح الهزيمة‬rūḥ al-h. defeatism
‫ هاشمي‬hāšimī Hashemite
‫ انهزام‬inhizām (suffering of) defeat,
frustration; rout, (disorganized) flight ‫ مَهشم‬muhaššam destroyed (city);
crushed 1028
‫ انهزامَي‬inhizāmī pl. -ūn defeatist
‫ هصر‬haṣara i (haṣr) to pull toward o.s., bend
‫ انهزامَية‬inhizāmīya defeatism down (‫ هـ‬s.th., e.g., a branch); to produce a
‫ هزهز‬hazhaza to move, agitate, shake, jolt, crack or break (‫ هـ‬in), crack, break (‫هـ‬
shock, convulse, upset (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.) II s.th.)
tahazhaza to be moved, agitated, shaken, ‫ هصور‬haṣūr epithet of the lion
convulsed, upset, receive a shock
‫ هض‬haḍḍa u (haḍḍ) to walk fast, move
‫ هزهزة‬hazhaza pl. ‫ هزاهز‬hazāhiz2 briskly, advance, progress, get on
movement, agitation, shock, convulsion,
commotion, disturbance
‫ هضب‬haḍaba i (haḍb) to be long-winded, ‫ هفاف‬haffāf flashing, sparkling, shining;
verbose blowing (wind); light, fleeting; thin and
transparent, diaphanous
‫ هضبة‬haḍba pl. ‫ هضاب‬hiḍāb hill,
elevation, mountain ‫ الهفوف‬al-hufūf Hofuf (chief town of al-
Hasa district in E Saudi Arabia)
‫ هضم‬haḍama i (haḍm) to digest (‫ هـ‬the food; of
the stomach); to oppress, terrorize, ‫ مَهفة‬mahaffa fan; feather duster
outrage, wrong, treat with injustice (‫ ه‬s.o.); ‫ مَهفوف‬mahfūf light-headed,
to stand, bear, endure (‫ ه‬s.o.); to stomach ( irresponsible, reckless, unscrupulous
‫ هـ‬s.th.), put up with s.th. (‫ )هـ‬VII to be
digested VIII to oppress, wrong (‫ ه‬s.o.), do ‫ هفت‬hafata i (haft, ‫ هفات‬hufāt) to fall
(‫ ه‬s.o.) an injustice down, collapse; to be nonsensical, absurd;
to talk nonsense VI to pounce, rush, fall,
‫ هضم‬haḍm digestion; patience, long- plunge (‫ على‬on or into); to crowd in (‫على‬
suffering │ ‫ هضم الجانب‬forbearance, on), throng, flock (‫ على‬to), tumble one
compliance, indulgence; ‫ سهل الهضم‬sahl al- over the other, fall all over themselves; to
h. easily digestible, light suffer a breakdown; to cave in, collapse,
‫ هضمي‬haḍmī digestive, alimentary break down; to be broken, wrecked,
‫ هضوم‬haḍūm digestible, agreeing, ruined (nerves)
wholesome ‫ هفتان‬haftān (eg.) weak, exhausted,
‫ هضيم‬haḍīm digested; digestible; spent, weakened
oppressed, terrorized, outraged; slender, ‫ تهافت‬tahāfut collapse, breakdown │
slim ‫ تهافت العصاب‬nervous breakdown
‫ هضيمة‬ha4ima encroachment, inroad, ‫ هافت‬hāfit wrong, erroneous (opinion)
injustice, wrong, outrage, oppression
‫ مَهفوت‬mahfūt baffled, startled,
‫ انهضام‬inhiḍām digestion; digestibility perplexed
‫ مَهضوم‬mahḍūm digested; digestible; ‫ الهافر‬look up alphabetically
oppressed, terrorized, outraged
‫ هفهف‬hafhafa to be slender, slim; to float in the
‫ هطع‬IV to protrude the neck (in walking) │ air II tahafhafa to be slender, slim 1029
‫‘( اهطع في العدو‬adw) to run fast
‫ هفهفة‬hafhafa sough, whispering of the
‫ هطل‬haṭala i (haṭl, ‫ هطلن‬haṭalān, ‫ تهطال‬tahṭāl) wind
to flow in torrents, fall heavily, pour down
(rain) VI do. ‫ هفهاف‬hafhāf slender, slim, svelte;
slight, frail, delicate; thin, sparse (e.g.,
‫ هطل‬hiṭl wolf beard); diaphanous, transparent,
‫ هطول‬huṭūl: ‫ هطول المَطار‬h. al-amṭār gossamery; light, weightless, defying
downpour, heavy rain gravity; flowing, waving, fluttering
‫ هيطل‬haiṭal pl. ‫ هياطلة‬hayāṭila, ‫هياطل‬ ‫ مَهفهف‬muhafhif slender, slim, svelte;
hayāṭil2 fox thin
‫ هف‬haffa i (‫ هفيف‬hafīf) to pass swiftly, (‫ هفا )هفو‬hafā u (hafw, ‫ هفوة‬hafwa, ‫هفوان‬
flit put; to flash; to brush, touch lightly; -- hafawan) to slip, commit a lapse, make a
i (haff, hafīf) to blow, whiffle, sough mistake; to err; to be weak with hunger,
(wind); to spread, waft (fragrance) │ ‫هفت‬ famished, starved; to hurry, rush (‫ الى‬to);
‫( نفسه الى‬nafsuhū) he yearned for …; ‫هف‬ to reach quickly (‫ الى‬for s.th.), snatch (‫الى‬
‫ على باله‬it occurred to him all of a sudden, at s.th.); with ‫ب‬: to induce s.o. (‫ الى‬to),
it flashed across his mind tempt s.o. to do s.th. (‫ هفو( ;)الى‬hafw,
hufuw) to flutter, fly, float in the air; to
‫ هف‬hiff empty; light, light-headed,
throb violently, beat feverishly, flutter, be
thoughtless, frivolous
passionately excited, be impassioned
(heart; esp., with love); to feel a desire, ‫ هللي‬hilālī lunar; crescent-shaped,
yearn (‫ الى‬for) lunate, sickle-shaped
‫ هفوة‬hafwa pl. hafawāt slip, lapse, error, ‫ هلل‬halal fright, terror, dismay
mistake, fault, offense, sin ‫ تهليل‬tahlīl pl. ‫ تهاليل‬tahālīl2 utterance of
‫ هاف‬hāfin famished, starved the formula lā ilāha illā llāh; rejoicing,
exultation, jubilation; applause,
‫ هكتار‬hiktār pl. -āt hectare
acclamation, acclaim, cheering, cheers
‫ هكذا‬hākadā so, thus, this way, in this manner
‫ تهلل‬tahallul joy, jubilation, exultation
‫ هيكل‬look up alphabetically
‫ استهلل‬istihlāl beginning, opening,
‫ هكم‬V to be dilapidated, ramshackle, tumble- introduction, initiation
down, to fall down, collapse; to mock,
‫ استهللي‬istihlālī incipient, initial,
scoff; to make fun (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬of s.o.),
starting, opening, introductory, initiative
ridicule, deride, jeer (‫ ه‬,‫ على‬,‫ ب‬s.o.); to be
annoyed (‫ على‬by), regret (‫ على‬s.th.) ‫ مَهلل‬muhallal crescent-shaped, lunate
1030
‫ اهكومَة‬uhkūma derision, mockery, taunt,
gibe ‫ مَتهلل‬mutahallil jubilant, rejoicing,
exultant; radiant, beaming
‫ تهكم‬tahakkum mockery, derision, scorn,
irony; sarcasm ‫ مَستهل‬mustahall beginning, start, outset
‫ تهكمي‬tahakkumī mocking, derisive, ‫ هلب‬haliba a (halab) to be hairy, covered with
sarcastic, scornful hair
‫ مَتهكم‬mutahakkim mocking, ironical ‫ هلب‬halib hairy, covered with hair;
1 shaggy, hirsute
‫ هل‬hal interrogative particle introducing direct
and indirect question; also preceding the ‫ هلب‬hulb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬hair, bristles
first part of an alternative question: ‫ أم‬-- ‫هل‬ ‫ هلب‬hilb pl. ‫ اهلاب‬ahlāb anchor, grapnel,
hal -- am whether -- or grappling iron, boat hook
‫ هل‬hallā = َ‫ هل ل‬is (or does) not ...? why ‫ اهلب‬ahlab2, f. ‫ هلباء‬halbā’2, pl. ‫ هلب‬hulb
not? hairy, hirsute, shaggy
2
‫ هل‬halla i (hall) to appear, come up, show ‫ هلبة‬hulāba lochia (med.)
(new moon); to begin, let in (month) II to
say the words lā ilāha illā llāh; to shout ‫ مَهلبية‬muhallabīya a dessert resembling
with joy, rejoice, exult, jubilate; to blancmange, made of rice flour, milk and
applaud, acclaim, cheer (‫ ل‬s.o.) IV to sugar
appear (new moon); to cheer, exult; to ‫ هليلج‬halīlaj and ‫ اهليلج‬ihlīlaj myrobalan, emblic
offer up (‫ ل ب‬an animal to a deity) V to (fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L.; bot.);
shine, gleam, glow, be radiant; to beam ellipse (geom.)
with joy (face); to be delighted, jubilant;
to cheer. rejoice, exult, jubilate VII to fall ‫ اهليلجي‬ihlīlajī elliptic(al)
heavily, pour down (rain); to begin (‫في‬ 1
‫ هلس‬halasa i (hals) to emaciate, consume,
with), take up, undertake, tackle, attack ( waste away (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a disease); pass.
‫ في‬s.th.), embark (‫ في‬upon) X to begin, set hulisa to be consumptive, suffer from
in (new month); to raise one’s voice; to pulmonary tuberculosis II to waste away,
intone, strike up (‫ هـ‬a tune); to begin, start become lean, emaciated, haggard; to talk
(‫ هـ‬a task); to open, begin, introduce, nonsense IV to smile
initiate (‫ ب هـ‬s.th. with or by)
‫ هلس‬hals emaciation, wasting away;
‫ هلل‬hilāl pl. ‫ اهلة‬ahilla, ‫ اهاليل‬ahālīl2 pulmonary tuberculosis, consumption,
new moon; half-moon, crescent; phthisis; nonsense, bosh, silly talk
parenthesis; any crescent-shaped object 2
‫هلوسة‬look up alphabetically
‫ هلسنكي‬helsinkī Helsinki (capital of Finland) ‫ استهلكي‬istihlākī consumer- (in
compounds; e.g., goods, prices, etc.) 1031
‫ هلع‬hali‘a a (hala‘) to be impatient or restless,
be anxious, be in despair ‫ هالك‬hālik pl. ‫ هلكى‬halkā, ‫ هلك‬hullak, ‫هلاك‬
hullāk, ‫ هوالك‬hawālik perishing, dying;
‫ هلع‬hala‘ impatience, restlessness,
dead; mortal, destructible, perishable;
uneasiness; fear, burning anxiety; alarm,
doomed to perdition, damned;
dismay
irretrievably lost, irredeemable
‫ هلع‬hal‘ impatient, restless, uneasy,
‫ مَهلك‬muhlik destructive, devastating,
anxious; dismayed, appalled
annihilating, scathing, withering;
‫ هلوع‬halū‘ impatient, restless, uneasy, pernicious, ruinous, dangerous, perilous,
anxious; dismayed, appalled deadly, lethal; medium of destruction or
‫ هلوف‬hillauf bearded; bristly extermination

‫ هلقم‬halqama to gulp down, devour (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ مَتهالك‬mutahālik broken down, down-


and-out; exhausted
‫ هلك‬halaka i (halk, hulk, ‫ هلاك‬halāk, ‫تهلكة‬
tahluka) to perish; to die; to be ‫ مَستهلك‬mustahlik consumer
annihilated, wiped out, destroyed II and ‫ مَستهلك‬mustahlak consumption
IV to ruin, destroy (‫ هـ‬s.th.) │ ‫اهلك الحرث‬
‫( والنسل‬hart, nasl) to destroy lock, stock ‫ هللويا‬hallilūyā hallelujah
1
and barrel VI to exert o.s., do one’s utmost ‫ هلم‬halumma up! get up! come! now
(‫ في‬in); to pounce, fall, throw o.s. (‫على‬ then! come on! onward! forward! (with
upon); to fight desperately (‫ على‬for); to acc.) out with ...! bring ...! give me (us) ...!
covet, crave (‫ على‬s.th.); to feel enthusiasm │ ‫( هلمي اليه‬halummī) now then, go (f.)
(‫ على‬for), devote o.s. eagerly (‫ على‬to), go quickly to him! ‫( هلم بنا‬bi-nā) come on!
all out (‫ على‬for); to become languid, tired, let’s go! ‫( وهلم جرا‬jarran) and so on, etc.
weak; to drop in utter exhaustion (‫ على‬on); 2
‫ هلم‬hillam languid, listless, slack, limp
to break down, collapse VII and VIII to
risk danger, imperil o.s., act desperately X ‫ هلم‬hulām jelly, gelatin
to exert o.s., do one’s utmost (‫ في‬in); to ‫ هلمَى‬hulāmī jellylike, gelatinous
waste, squander, spend, exhaust, use up,
consume (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to discharge, pay off, ‫ تهلين‬tahlīn Hellenization
amortize (‫ هـ‬a debt); pass. ustuhlika to ‫ هلهل‬halhala to weave finely (‫ هـ‬s.th., also a
perish, die
poem), weave flimsily (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ هلك‬hulk death; destruction, ruin wear out (‫ هـ‬a garment), let it become
‫ هلكة‬halka, halaka total loss, ruin, shabby, threadbare, thin
destruction; disaster; jeopardy, perilous ‫ هلهل‬halhal fine; thin, flimsy; delicate
situation, danger
‫ هلهل‬halāhil fine; thin, flimsy; delicate
‫ هلاك‬halāk total loss, ruin, destruction;
perdition, eternal damnation ‫ هلهولة‬halhūla pl. ‫ هلهيل‬halāhil2 (eg.)
worn dress, old rag, tatters
‫ مَهلكة‬mahlaka. mahluka. mahlika pl. ‫مَهال‬
‫ ك‬mahālik2 dangerous place, danger spot; ‫ مَهلهل‬muhalhal thin, flimsy, gauzelike,
dangerous situation; danger, peril diaphanous; finely woven (also, of a
poem); worn, shabby, threadbare, tattered,
‫ تهلكة‬tahluka ruin; jeopardy, perilous ragged
situation, danger
‫ هلوسة‬halwasa hallucination; vision
‫ تهالك‬tahāluk enthusiasm, zeal, ardor (
‫ على‬for), (vivid) interest (‫ على‬in); ‫ هليكوبتر‬helikoptar helicopter
weakness, fatigue, languor ‫ هليلج‬halīlaj and ‫ اهليلج‬ihlīlaj myrobalan, emblic
‫ استهلاك‬istihlāk consumption; attrition, (fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L.; bot.);
wear and tear; discharge, amortization ellipse (geom.)
‫ اهليلجي‬ihlīajī elliptic(al) ‫ همام‬hammām careworn, worried;
anxious, solicitous; eager, active,
‫ هليون‬hilyaun asparagus
energetic
1
‫ هم‬hum they (3rd pers. m. pl. of the pers. pron.)
‫ همام‬humām pl. ‫ همام‬himām high-
2
‫ هم‬hamma u (hamm, ‫ مَهمة‬mahamma) to minded; generous, magnanimous; heroic,
disquiet, make uneasy. fill with anxiety, gallant
distress, grieve (‫ ه‬s.o.); to preoccupy,
‫ اهم‬ahamm2 more important, of greater
interest, regard, concern, affect (‫ ه‬s.o.), be
importance
of interest (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to be on s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
mind, be s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬concern; to worry, ‫ اهمية‬ahammīya importance,
trouble (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be important, be of significance, consequence; interest │ ‫عديم‬
importance or consequence (‫ ه‬to s.o.); -- ‫ الهمية‬unimportant; ‫‘( علق اهمية على‬allaqa)
(hamm) to worry, be concerned (‫ ب‬about); to attach importance to; ‫كان مَن الهمية بمكان‬
to have in mind, intend, plan (‫ ب‬s.th., to ‫( عظيم‬makānin) to be of the greatest
do s.th.); to consider (‫ هـ‬doing s.th.), think importance
of doing s.th. (‫ ;)ه‬to be about, be going (‫بأن‬ ‫ مَهمة‬mahamma pl. ‫ مَهام‬mahāmm2
‫ ب‬, to do s.th.), be on the point of doing important matter; task, function, duty;
s.th. (‫ ب‬,‫)بأن‬, begin to, start doing s.th. (,‫بأن‬ commission, assignment, mission │ ‫مَهام‬
‫ ;)ب‬to rise, get up IV to grieve, distress, ‫ المَور‬important matters; ‫ مَهام المنصب‬m. al-
concern, preoccupy, affect, regard (‫ ه‬s.o.); manṣib official duties, official functions
to be on s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind, be s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
concern; to worry, trouble (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be of ‫ تهميم‬tahmīm lulling a baby to sleep by
interest (‫ ه‬to s.o.), interest (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be singing
important, be of consequence, to matter ‫ تهميمة‬tahmīma lullaby
VIII to be distressed, grieved, worried (‫ب‬
by); to worry, be concerned (‫ ب‬about); to ‫ اهتمام‬ihtimām pl. -at concern, interest;
concern o.s. (‫ب‬, occasionally also ‫ل‬, with); anxiety; solicitude; care; attention;
to feel concern (‫ ب‬for), take an interest (‫ب‬ endeavor, ambition
in); to attach importance ( to); to be ‫ هام‬hāmm important, significant,
interested (‫ ب‬in); to look (‫ ب‬after); to pay momentous, weighty, ponderous, grave,
attention (‫ ب‬to). take notice (‫ ب‬of), bear in serious; interesting
mind (‫ ب‬s.th.); to go to trouble, go to great
lengths (‫ ب ل‬on behalf of or for s.o. about ‫ هامَة‬hāmma pl. ‫ هوام‬hawāmm2 vermin;
s.th.); to take care (‫ ب‬of s.o.), take s.o. (‫)ب‬ past; reptile; see also under ‫هموم‬
under one’s wing, help, assist (‫ ب‬s.o.); to ‫ مَهموم‬mahmūm concerned, worried,
provide (‫ ب‬for); to be anxious or anxious, distressed, grieved, sorrowful;
solicitous (‫ ل‬about) 1032 preoccupied; interested
‫ هم‬hamm pl. ‫ هموم‬humūm anxiety, ‫ مَهم‬muhimm important, significant,
concern, solicitude; worry, care; sorrow, momentous, weighty, ponderous, grave,
grief, affliction, distress; interest; serious; interesting
intention, design, plan; important matter;
‫ مَهمة‬muhimma pl. -āt important matter;
weight, moment, importance, significance,
pl. requirements, exigencies; equipment,
consequence
material(s); stores, supplies, provisions │
‫ هم‬himm pl. ‫ اهمام‬ahmām, f. ‫ همة‬himma, ‫( مَهمات حربية‬ḥarbīya) war material; O
pl. -āt, ‫ همائم‬hamā’im2 decrepit, senile; old ‫( مَهمات مَتحركة‬mutaḥarrika) rolling stock
man
‫ مَهتم‬muhtamm interested (‫ ب‬in);
‫ همة‬himma pl. ‫ همم‬himam endeavor, concerned, anxious, solicitous (‫ ب‬about);
ambition, intention, design; resolution, attentive (‫ ب‬to), mindful (‫ ب‬of)
determination; zeal, ardor, eagerness;
‫ مَهتمات‬muhtammāt tasks, functions,
high-mindedness, high-aiming ambition │
duties
‫ بعيد الهمة‬and ‫ عالي الهمة‬high-aspiring,
having far-reaching aims; high-minded
‫ هما‬humā both of them (3rd pers. dual of the conjunctive hamza (gram.); ‫همزة الوصل بين‬
pers. pron.); see also ‫همو‬ the (connecting) link between ...
‫ همايون‬humāyūnī imperial ‫ هماز‬hammāz slanderer, backbiter
‫ همج‬hamija a (hamaj) to he hungry ‫ مَهمز‬mihmaz pl. ‫ مَهامَز‬mahāmiz2 spur;
goad
‫ همج‬hamai (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫اهماج‬
ahmāj small flies, gnats; riffraff, rabble, ‫ مَهماز‬mihmāz pl. ‫ مَهامَيز‬mahāmīz2 spur;
ragtag; savages, barbarians goad
‫ همج‬hamaj hunger │ ‫ همج هامَج‬ravenous ‫ همس‬hamasa i (hams) to mumble, mutter; to
hunger, voracious appetite whisper (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ الى‬to s.o.) │ ‫همس في اذنه‬
(fī wajhihī) to whisper in s.o.’s ear VI to
‫ همجي‬hamajī uncivilized, savage; rude;
whisper together, exchange whispered
barbaric, barbarous; a savage, barbarian
remarks
‫ همجية‬hamajīya savageness, savagery;
‫ همس‬hams mutter(ing), mumble;
rudeness; barbarism
whisper(ing)
‫ همد‬hamada u (‫ همود‬humūd) to abate, subside,
‫ همسة‬hamsa pianissimo of a singer;
let up, calm down, die away, fade away,
whisper; pl. ‫ همسات‬hamasāt whispering,
die down, cool off; to become smaller,
shrink II and IV to quiet, calm, still, whispers
appease, placate, soothe, mitigate, ‫ هوامَس‬hawāmis2 mumbled or whispered
alleviate, allay, stifle, quell, suppress, put words
out, extinguish (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ همش‬hamaša u (hamš) to bite (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ همود‬humūd extinction; cooling off (of a ‫ هامَش‬hāmiš margin (of a bock, page,
passion, and the like); lull; fatigue, 1033 etc.) │ ‫ على هامَش‬... on the periphery of ...,
exhaustion, tiredness; motionlessness, on the side lines of ..., aside from, in
torpor; stiffness, rigidity, rigor; death connection with ..., on the occasion of ...,
‫ هامَد‬hāmid calm, quiet, still, extinct; apropos of │ ‫ على هامَش الخبار‬sidenotes of
lifeless; rigid, stiff (corpse) the news (title of a BBC news
commentary)
‫ همر‬hamara u i (hamr) to pour out, shed (‫هـ‬
s.th., water, tears) VII to be poured out, be ‫ هامَشي‬hāmišī marginal
shed; to pour down (rain), flow (tears) ‫ همع‬hama‘a a u to shed tears (eye); to stream,
‫ همرة‬hamra shower of rain; growl(ing), flow, well
snarl(ing) ‫ همك‬hamaka u (hamk) to urge, press (‫ في ه‬s.o.
‫ همز‬hamaza u i (hamz) to prick; to drive, urge to do s.th.) VII to be engrossed, be
on, prod, goad on (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to spur ( completely engaged (‫ في‬in s.th.), be
‫ هـ‬one’s horse); (gram.) to provide with dedicated (‫ في‬to), give o.s. up, abandon
hamza (‫ هـ‬a letter or word) o.s. wholeheartedly (‫ في‬to, also ‫)على‬, be
loot, become absorbed (‫ في‬in), be
‫ همز‬hamz spurring, goading, prodding,
completely taken up, be preoccupied (‫في‬
urging, pressing; beating, striking,
with)
kicking; backbiting, slander │ ‫همز لمز‬
(lamz) innuendoes, defamatory ‫ انهماك‬inhimāk wholehearted dedication,
insinuations; taunts, gibes, sneers abandon, engrossment, exclusive
occupation, absorption; preoccupation
‫ همز‬hamz glottal stop before or after a
vowel (phon.) ‫ مَنهمك‬munhamik engrossed, absorbed,
loot (‫ في‬in), taken up, preoccupied (‫في‬
‫ همزة‬hamza pl. hamazāt hamza, the
with); given, addicted (‫ في‬to); dedicated (
character designating the glottal stop: ‫ء‬
‫ في‬to)
(gram.) │ ‫ همزة القطع‬h. al-qaṭ‘ disjunctive
hamza (gram.); ‫ همزة الوصل‬h. al-waṣl ‫ همل‬hamala u i (haml, ‫ هملان‬hamalān, ‫هم‬
‫ ول‬humūl) to be bathed in tears, shed tears
2
(eye) IV to neglect (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to omit, leave ‫ هن‬hunna they (3rd pers. f. pl. of the pers.
out (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to disregard, fail to consider pron.)
or notice, overlook, forget (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to 1
‫ هنة‬hana see under ‫هنو‬
cease to use, disuse (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to leave
unpointed, provide with no diacritical ‫ هنا‬hunā and ‫ ههنا‬hāhunā here, over here, in
points (‫ هـ‬a consonant; gram.) VI to be this place; hūnā (with foll. verb) there,
careless, negligent, remiss, lazy VII to be then, now, by now, at this point │ ‫ الى هنا‬or
bathed in tears, shed tears (eye); to pour ‫ لهنا‬here, over here, to this place; up to
down (rain) here, so far, up to this point, up to this
amount; ‫ مَن هنا‬from here; of this, hereof,
‫ همل‬hamal left to o.s., to one’s own from this, hence; for this reason, therefore;
devices, left alone; left untended (cattle); by this, hereby; ‫ هنا وهناك‬here and there
neglected, disregarded 1034
‫ هناك‬hunāka and ‫ هنالك‬hunālika there,
‫ اهمال‬ihmāl negligence; neglect; over there, in that place; there is (are) │ ‫هنا‬
dereliction of duty; carelessness, ‫( ك قول مَأثور‬qaul) there is a proverb; ‫الى‬
heedlessness, inattention; nonobservance, ‫ هناك‬there, over there, to that place; ‫مَن هناك‬
disregard, nonconsideration from there, from that place; ‫مَاذا هنالك‬
‫ هامَل‬hāmil pl. ‫ همل‬hummal roving, what’s up? what’s the matter?
roaming; vagabond, tramp 2
‫ هنأ‬hana’a u a i (‫ هنء‬han’, hin’, ‫ هناء‬hanā’) to
‫ مَهمل‬muhmil negligent, neglectful, be beneficial, wholesome, healthful,
remiss; careless, heedless, inattentive, salutary, salubrious (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o.), do s.o.
slovenly (‫ ل‬or ‫ )ه‬good; -- ‫ هنئ‬hani’a a (‫ هنأ‬hana’) to
he delighted (‫ ب‬with), take pleasure (‫ب‬
‫ مَهمل‬muhmal neglected; omitted;
in), enjoy (‫ ب‬s.th.) II to congratulate,
disregarded, not taken into account;
felicitate (‫ على‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. on or on the
obsolete, antiquated; lacking, devoid of,
occasion of); to make happy, gladden,
not provided with; without diacritical
delight (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to enjoy, savor (‫ ب‬s.th.),
points, unpointed (gram.); ‫المهملات‬
take pleasure (‫ ب‬in)
deadletter office │ ‫ مَهمل المَضاء‬without
signature, unsigned; ‫ رسالة مَهملة‬dead (i.e., ‫ هناء‬hanā’ and ‫ هناءة‬hanā’a happiness,
undeliverable) letter; ‫ سلة المهملات‬sallat al- bliss; good health, well-being;
m. wastebasket; ‫( كمية مَهملة‬kammīya) congratulation, felicitation
negligible quantity ‫ هناء‬hinā’ tar
‫ هملج‬hamlaja to amble (horse) ‫ هنيء‬hanī’ healthful, salutary,
‫ هملج‬himlāj pl. ‫ هماليج‬hamālīj2 ambler, salubrious, wholesome, beneficial;
ambling horse pleasant, agreeable; easy, smooth,
comfortable │ ‫ هنيئا لك‬or ‫ هنيئا مَريئا‬hanī’an
‫ همهم‬hamhama to say “hmm”; to mumble,
marī’an approx.: may it do you much
mutter; to grumble; to growl, snarl; to
good! I hope you will enjoy it (i.e., food)!
hum, buzz, drone
‫ تهنئة‬tahni’a pl. ‫ تهانئ‬tahāni’2
‫ همهمة‬hamhama pl. -āt, ‫ هماهم‬hamāhim2
congratulation, felicitation
an inarticulate utterance (“hmm,
hmm”),e.g., to express astonishment, and ‫ هانئ‬hāni’ happy, delighted, glad;
the like; mumble, mutter(ing)j hum, buzz, servant; ‫ هانئة‬hāni’a servant girl, maid
drone (also. e.g., of an airplane); growl, ‫ مَهنئ‬muhanni’ congratulator, well-
snarl wisher
(‫ هما )همو‬hamā u (hamw) to flow; to pour forth; ‫ الهند‬al-hind India; the (East) Indians │ ‫الهند‬
see also alphabetically ‫ البريطانية‬British India; ‫( الهند الصينية‬ṣīnīya)
1
‫ هن‬hanna , to weep, sigh; to long, yearn (‫الى‬ 1035
for)
Indochina; ‫( الهند الشرقية‬šarqīya) East ‫ هندام‬hindām harmony; orderliness,
India; ‫ جزر الهند الغربية‬juzur al-h. al-garbīya tidiness, neatness, trimness; attire, dress,
the Caribbean Islands, the West Indies garb │ ‫ اصلح هندامَه‬to adjust one’s clothes;
to dress, dress up
‫ هندي‬hindī Indian; (pl. ‫ هنود‬hunūd) an
Indian │ ‫( المحيط الهندي‬muḥīṭ) the Indian ‫ مَهندم‬muhandam well-ordered, well-
Ocean; ‫( الهنود الحمر‬ḥumr) the American arrayed; orderly, tidy, neat; trim, smart;
Indians well-dressed; made to measure, tailor-
made (suit)
‫ مَهند‬muhannad sword made of Indian
steel ‫ هنشير‬hanšīr pl. ‫ هناشير‬hanāšīr2 (tun.) country
estate
‫ هندب‬hindab, ‫ هندباء‬hindibā’ wild chicory,
endive (bot.) ‫ هنغاري‬hungārī Hungarian (adj. and n.)
‫ هنداز‬hindāz measure ‫ هنف‬II to hurry, hasten, rush III and VI to
laugh contemptuously, sneer; to sob,
‫ هندازة‬hindāza cubit (Eg., = 65.6 cm)
whimper
‫ هندسة‬handasa engineering; mechanical
‫ هناك‬and ‫ هنالك‬see 1‫هنا‬
engineering; architecture, architectural
1
engineering; army engineering; geometry; ‫ هنم‬hanam dried dates
geodesy, surveying │ ‫‘ علم الهندسة‬ilm al-h. 2
‫ هانم‬look up alphabetically
geometry; ‫ هندسة الري‬h. ar-riyy irrigation
engineering; ‫( الهندسة الزراعية‬zirā‘īya) ‫ هنيهة‬hunaiha a little while; hunaihatan for a
agronomy; ‫( الهندسة السطحية‬saṭḥīya) plane little while
geometry, planimetry; ‫الهندسة الفراغية‬ ‫ هنهن‬hanhana to lull to sleep with a song (‫ ل‬a
(farāgīya) solid geometry, stereometry; baby)
‫ هندسة المدن‬h. al-mudun town planning;
‫( الهندسة المعمارية‬mi‘mārīya) architecture; ‫ هنهونة‬hanhūna lullaby
‫ هندسة الميدان‬h. al-maidān combat ‫ هنة‬hana pl. -āt, ‫ هنوات‬hanawāt thing; s.th.
engineering; ‫( الهندسة الكهربائية‬kahrabā’īya) unimportant, trifle, bagatelle; blemish,
electrotechnics, electrical engineering; defect, fault, flaw
‫ هندسة اللسلكي‬h. al-lā-silkī radio
engineering; ‫( الهندسة المدنية‬madanīya) civil ‫ هنو‬hinw time
engineering; ‫ الهندسة الميكانيكية‬mechanical ‫ هني‬hanīy (= ‫ )هنيء‬wholesome, delicious
engineering
‫ هه‬hih (interj.) oh! alas! woe! (also
‫ هندسي‬handasī technical, technological; derogatorily) oh, come now! 1036
geometrical; of or relative to mechanical
‫ ههنا‬see 1 ‫هنا‬
engineering; engineering, industrial │ ‫فرقة‬
1
‫( هندسية‬firqa) corps of engineers; ‫القوات‬ ‫ هو‬huwa he; it (3rd pers. m. sing. of the pers.
‫( الهندسية‬qūwāt) corps of engineers; the pron.); God; ‫ هوذا‬see ‫ذا‬
engineers (mil.) ‫ هوية‬huwīya essence, nature;
‫ هنداسة‬hindāsa = ‫هندازة‬, see above coessentiality, consubstantiality; identity;
identity card (= ‫ تذكرة الهوية‬,‫│ )بطاقة الهوية‬
‫ مَهندس‬muhandis architect; engineer;
‫ اوراق الهوية‬aurāq al-h. identification
technician │ ‫( مَهندس زراعي‬zirā‘ī)
papers, credentials; ‫ تذكرة الهوية‬tadkirat al-
agricultural engineer; ‫مَهندس عسكري‬
h. (ir., syr.) identity card; ‫عرف هويته‬
(‘askarī) army engineer; ‫مَهندس كهربائي‬
(‘urifa) to be identified
(kahrabā’ī) electrotechnician, electrical
2
engineer; ‫( مَهندس مَعماري‬mi‘mārī) architect ‫ هوة‬hūwa see ‫هوى‬
‫ هندم‬handama to order, array, adjust (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫ هوتة‬hauta, hūta pl. ‫ هوت‬huwat depression in
to make smart, neat, trim; to dress up, the ground; chasm, abyss
spruce up (‫ ه‬s.o.) ‫ هوج‬hawaj folly, light-headedness, rashness,
‫ هندمَة‬handama harmony; orderliness, thoughtlessness
tidiness, neatness, trimness
‫ اهوج‬ahwaj2, f. ‫ هوجاء‬haujā’2, pl. ‫هوج‬ ‫ هواري‬hawārī pl. ‫ هوارة‬hawwāra
hūj reckless; impatient, rash, thoughtless, volunteer; O short-term soldier, irregular;
harebrained, precipitate, hasty, foolhardy; ‫ الهوارة‬irregular troops
violent, vehement, frantic ‫ هير‬hayyir rash, precipitate, thoughtless,
‫ هوجاء‬haujā’ pl. ‫ هوج‬hūj hurricane, ill-considered, imprudent
tornado, cyclone ‫ تهور‬tahawwur light-headedness,
(‫ هاد )هود‬hāda u (haud) to be a Jew II to carelessness, irresponsibility; hastiness,
proceed Ilowly; to intoxicate, inebriate (‫ه‬ rashness, precipitance
s.o.; of wine); to make Jewish (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to ‫ انهيار‬inhiyār crash, fall, downfall;
be indulgent, forbearing, conciliatory, collapse, breakdown
considerate, complaisant, obliging (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to avoid, shun (‫ ه‬s.o.), stay out of ‫ مَتهور‬mutahawwir rash, hasty,
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬way V to become a Jew or Jewish precipitate; frivolous, thoughtless;
lightheaded, careless, irresponsible,
‫ الهود‬al-hūd the Jews, the Jewry reckless; foolhardy, daredevil
‫ هوادة‬hawāda forbearance, indulgence, ‫ هورمَون‬hormōn hormone
consideration, complaisance,
1
obligingness; clemency, leniency, gentle- ‫ هوس‬hawisa a (hawas) to be baffled, startled,
heartedness; relaxation, mitigation (of perplexed; to be utterly confused, be at a
laws) complete 1088, be at one’s wit’s end II to
baffle, startle, perplex, confuse, bewilder,
‫ تهويد‬tahwīd Judaization confound (‫ ه‬s.o.); to delude, beguile,
‫ مَهاودة‬muhāwada complaisance, befool, infatuate, dazzle, blind (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
obligingness, indulgence, consideration │ craze, drive crazy, render 1037 insane (‫ه‬
‫ مَهاودة السعار‬low pricing s.o.) V to be beguiled, befooled,
infatuated, dazzled, lose one’s head; to
‫ مَتهود‬mutahawwid Judaized, under
abandon o.s. completely; to be a fantast, a
Jewish influence or control
visionary VII to be beguiled, befooled,
‫ مَتهاود‬mutahāwid moderate (price) infatuated, dazzled
‫ هودج‬see ‫هدج‬ ‫ هوس‬hawas foolishness, folly, craze,
‫ هوذا‬see ‫ذا‬ madness; dreaminess, visionariness,
rapture, ecstasy; wild fancy, fantasy;
(‫ هار )هور‬hāra u (haur, ‫ هؤور‬hu’ūr) to be raving madness, frenzy; infatuation,
destroyed, crash down, fall down, blindness, delusion
collapse; -- (haur) to pull down, topple,
wreck, demolish, destroy (‫ هـ‬s.th., esp., a ‫ هوس‬hawīs thought, idea, concept,
building); to bring down, throw to the notion
ground (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to endanger, imperil, ‫ هويس‬hawīs and ‫ هاويس‬hāwīs pl. ‫اهوسة‬
jeopardize, expose to danger (‫ ه‬s.o.); to ahwisa (eg.) look, canal lock
bring down, throw to the ground (‫ ه‬s.o.) V
‫ اهوس‬ahwas2 foolish, crazy, mad;
to be destroyed, crash down, fall down,
dazzled, blind, infatuated
collapse; to rush headlong into danger; to
be light-headed, careless, irresponsible; to ‫ مَهووس‬mahwūs (religious) visionary
elapse, pass, go by (time) VII to be ‫ مَهوس‬muhawwas foolish, crazy, mad;
demolished or torn down; to crash down, dazzled, blind, infatuated
fall down, collapse; to fall apart (line of
argument) ‫ مَتهوس‬mutahawwis pl. -ūn fantast,
visionary
‫ هور‬haur pl. ‫ اهوار‬ahwār lake
2
‫ هوسة‬hausa clamor, shouting, uproar
‫ هورة‬haura pl. -āt danger, peril
‫ هوش‬hawiša a (hawaš) and ‫ هاش‬hāša u (hauš)
to be excited, be in a state of commotion
II to excite, agitate, unsettle (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to rouse, incite, stir up, inflame (‫هـ‬ embellishments, ornamental flourishes;
the mob); to sick (‫ على هـ‬a dog on), set, pleasant visions
incite (‫ على ه‬s.o. against); to exert a ‫ هائل‬hā’il dreadful, frightful, terrible,
disturbing influence (‫ على‬on) III to annoy horrible, appalling, ghastly, awful; huge,
by its barking (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a dog) V to get vast, formidable, gigantic, prodigious,
tumultuous, get excited, run riot tremendous, stupendous; extraordinary,
‫ هوشة‬hauša excitement, agitation, enormous, fabulous, amazing, astonishing,
commotion, riot, uproar, ruckus, rumpus, surprising; grim, hard, fierce (battle, fight)
row, fracas; turmoil, tumult ‫ مَهول‬muhawwil terrible, dreadful 1038
‫ تهويش‬tahwīš excitation, agitation; ‫ هولَندا‬holandā or ‫ هولَنده‬holanda Holland
incitement, instigation
‫ هولَندي‬holandī Dutch, Hollandish; (pl.
‫ مَهوش‬muhawwaš exciting; -ūn) Dutchman, Hollander
troublemaker, agitator, rabble rouser
‫ هوليوود‬Hollywood
(‫ هاع )هوع‬hā‘a u a (hau‘) to vomit, throw up;
to retch II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) vomit V= I ‫ هوم‬II to nod drowsily (head of s.o. falling
1 asleep); to doze off, fall asleep; to doze,
‫ هاك‬hāka see ‫ها‬ nap V to doze off, fall asleep; to doze, nap
2
‫ هوكي‬hokī hookey │ ‫ هوكي الَنزلَق‬ice hockey ‫ هامَة‬hāma pl. -āt, ‫ هام‬hām head; crown,
(‫ هال )هول‬hāla u (haul) to frighten, scare, vertex; top, summit; see also under ‫هم‬‫ف‬
terrify, appall, horrify, strike with terror (‫ه‬ 1
(‫ هان )هون‬hāna u (haun) to be or become easy
s.o.) II to alarm, dismay, frighten, terrify, (‫ على‬for s.o.), be of little importance (‫على‬
horrify, fill with horror (‫ ه‬s.o.); to threaten, to); ‫ هان عليه ان‬to attach no importance to
menace, scare (‫ ب على‬s.o. with); to wield the fact that ..., care little that ...; -- (hūn, ‫ه‬
menacingly (‫ ب‬a stick); to picture (‫ هـ‬s.th.) ‫ وان‬hawān, ‫ مَهانة‬mahāna) to be or become
as a terrible thing, mike (‫ هـ‬s.th.) appear despicable, contemptible II to make easy,
terrible; to exaggerate, overemphasize (‫هـ‬ ease, facilitate (‫ على هـ‬s.th. for s.o.); to
or ‫ مَنعن‬s.th.), make much ado, make a represent or picture (‫ هـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬to s.o.) as
great fuss (‫ مَن‬about) X to deem significant easy or as of little importance; to make
(‫ هـ‬s.th.); to consider terrific, appalling, light (‫ هـ‬or ‫ مَن‬of), belittle, minimize,
tremendous (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to be horrified (‫هـ‬ deride, flout, disparage (‫ هـ‬or ‫ مَن‬s.th.) │
at), be appalled, be staggered (‫ هـ‬by) ‫( هون عليك‬hawwin) take it easy! don’t get
‫ هول‬haul pl. ‫ اهوال‬ahwāl, ‫ هؤول‬hu’ūl excited! never mind! IV to despise (‫ ه‬,‫هـ‬
terror, fright, alarm, shook, horror, s.o., s.th.); to humble, humiliate, abase,
dismay; power │ ‫ ابو الهول‬abū l-h. the demean, scorn, disdain, slight, treat with
Sphinx; ‫ يا للهول‬yā la-l-haul oh, how contempt or disdain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to insult (‫ه‬
terrible! s.o.) VI to consider easy (‫ ب‬s.th.); to think
little. make little (‫ ب‬of), attach little
‫ هولة‬haula a terrifying thing, a fright;
importance (‫ ب‬to), disdain, despise (‫ب‬
object of rear or terror
s.th.); to be negligent, remiss, lax,
‫ هال‬hāl mirage, fata morgana; careless, (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬in s.th.), neglect (‫ في‬or ‫ب‬
cardamom (spice) s.th.); (with negation) not to fail (‫ في‬to do
‫ هالة‬hāla pl. -āt halo (around moon or s.th.), not to tire (‫ في‬of doing s.th.) X ‫استهان‬
sun, also, e.g., of a saint); ring around the istahāna and ‫ استهون‬istahwana to consider
eye; nimbus, aureole, glory easy (‫ ب‬s.th.); to make little (‫ ب‬of), esteem
lightly, disesteem, underrate, undervalue (
‫ تهويل‬tahwīl pl. -āt, ‫ تهاويل‬tahāwīl2 ‫ ب‬s.th.); to disdain, despise (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
frightening, soaring, alarming, misunderstand, misjudge (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ َ‫ل‬
intimidation, cowing, browbeating; ‫( يستهان‬yustahānu) not to be sneezed at, not
exaggeration; nightmare, phantom, to be overlooked
bugbear, bogey, bugaboo; pl. ‫تهاويل‬
1
‫ هون‬haun ease, leisure, convenience, ‫ هوى‬hawā i (huwīy) to drop, fall, tumble, fall
comfort; easiness, facility; ‫ هونا‬haunan down, come down, sink; to topple, tumble
slowly, gently, leisurely, imperceptibly │ down, be upset; to swoop down (predatory
‫ على هون‬slowly, gently, leisurely, bird); to pounce, fall (‫ على‬upon); to blow
imperceptibly; ‫ على هونك‬at your (wind); to overthrow (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.) │
convenience ‫( هوى على رقبتها‬raqabatihā) he fell in her
arms, he embraced her; ‫هوى بمقامَه‬
‫ هون‬hūn disgrace, shame, degradation,
(maqāmihī) to degrade s.o.; -- hawiya a (
abasement
‫ هوى‬hawan) to love (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
‫ هوان‬hawān despicableness, lowly, become fond (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of); to like (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o.,
contemptible position; insignificance, s.th.); to go in (‫ هـ‬for a hobby), take up as
negligibleness; degradation. abasement; a hobby (‫ هـ‬s.th.) II to air, ventilate (‫ هـ‬a
disgrace, shame, ignominy room), expose to the wind or to fresh air (
‫ هين‬hayyin, hain pl. -ūn, ‫ اهوناء‬ahwinā’ ‫ هـ‬s.th.); to fan the air III to show o.s.
easy; insignificant, negligible, of little complaisant (‫ ه‬to s.o.), humor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
value; inconsiderable; unimportant; plain, flatter (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to fall down, drop; to
simple, homely, modest │ ‫ هين لين‬hain lain drop (‫ ب‬s.th.); to pounce, fall (‫ على‬upon
simple and nice s.o., ‫ ب‬with); to lean, bend (‫ على‬over); to
reach (‫ الى‬for), grab, grasp (‫ الى‬at). make
‫ هينة‬hīna easiness, facility; for s.th. (‫ ;)الى‬to strive (‫ الى‬for), aspire (‫الى‬
convenience, comfort, ease; leisure to), desire (‫ الى‬s.th.) │ ‫( اهوى بيده الى‬bi-
‫ هوينا‬huwainā gentleness, mildness, yadihī) to stretch out one’s hand for, reach
kindliness; slowness, leisureliness, leisure, out for V to be aired, be ventilated VI to
ease; ‫ الهوينا‬slowly, gently, leisurely, break down, collapse; to plunge down,
unhurriedly throw o.s. down VII to fall down, drop; to
be thrust down X to attract (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
‫ اهون‬ahwan2 f. ‫ هوناء‬haunā’2 easy; seduce, tempt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to entice, lure (‫ه‬
comfortable; -- (elative) easier; smaller, s.o.); to charm, enchant, fascinate,
less, lesser; of less value, more worthless enrapture, delight, entrance, carry away (‫ه‬
│ ‫( مَا اهونه‬ahwanahū) how small, how s.o.)
worthless it is! ‫ اهون الشرين‬a. aš-šarrain the
lesser evil ‫ هوى‬hawan pl. ‫ اهواء‬ahwā’, ‫هوايا‬
hawāyā love; affection; passion;
‫ مَهانة‬mahāna contempt, despicableness; inclination, liking, bent, wish; desire,
degradation, abasement, humiliation, longing, craving; fancy, whim, caprice,
disgrace, shame pleasure; ‫ اهواء‬sects, heretic tendencies │
‫ اهانة‬ahāna insult; affront, contumely, ‫ على هواء‬be convenient to s.o., please s.o.;
abuse ‫ في الهوى‬in love; ‫ اصحاب الهواء‬sectarians,
dissenters
‫ تهاون‬tahāwun disesteem, disdain,
scorn, neglect; indifference (‫ ب‬to s.th.) ‫ هوة‬hūwa pl. -āt, ‫ هوى‬huwan abyss,
chasm; cave, cavern; pit, hole, ditch,
‫ استهانة‬istihāna disesteem, disdain,
trench; (fig.) gulf
scorn, neglect; contempt
‫ هواء‬hawā’ pl. ‫ اهوية‬ahwiya, ‫ اهواء‬ahwā’
‫ مَهين‬muhīn insulting, abusive,
air; atmosphere; wind, draft; weather,
offending; contemptuous, humiliating,
climate │ ‫( الهواء الصفر‬aṣfar) the plague;
disgraceful, ignominious, outrageous
‫( هواء طلق‬ṭalq) open air; fresh air; ‫في الهواء‬
‫ مَتهاون‬mutahāwin negligent, remiss, ‫ الطلق‬outdoors, in the open, in fresh air;
lax, indifferent ‫ هواء مَضغوط‬compressed air; ‫ سلك الهواء‬silk
‫ مَستهين‬mustahīn disdainer, scorner, al-h. aviation; ‫ طلمبة الهواء‬ṭulumbat al-h. air
despiser 1039 pump
2
‫ هاون‬look up alphabetically ‫ هوائي‬hawā’ī airy, breezy; aerial, air- (in
compounds), atmospheric(al); pneumatic;
O inside (diameter, width); antenna, aerial,
‫( سلك هوائي‬silk); flighty, whimsical, ‫( هيأ السباب ل‬asbāba) to pave the way
capricious; ethereal; fantastic │ ‫دولَب هوائي‬ for ...; ‫( هيأ ذاته ل‬dātahū) to prepare o.s. (at
wind wheel; O ‫( هوائي اطاري‬iṭārī) frame heart) for ...; ‫( هيأ فرصة مَلئمة ل‬furṣatan
antenna; O ‫( هوائي طوقي‬ṭauqī) loop mulā’imatan) to offer a good opportunity
antenna; O ‫( هوائي مَرتفع‬murtafi‘) elevated for ... III to agree, come to an agreement (
antenna; O ‫( هوائي مَرسل‬murtafi‘) ‫ في ه‬with s.o. about); to concur (‫ في ه‬with
transmitting antenna; O ‫هوائي مَزدوج‬ s.o. in); to adapt o.s., adjust o.s. (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
(muzdawij) two-wire antenna; O ‫هوائي‬ V to be prepared, be in readiness, be
‫( مَستقل‬mustaqbil) receiving antenna; O ‫هوائ‬ ready, stand ready (‫ ل‬for); to be armed, be
‫( ي مَفرد‬mufrad) single-wire antenna prepared for war, be in fighting condition
(mil.); to prepare o.s., get ready (‫ ل‬for); to
‫ هواء‬hawwā’ amateur
be possible (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to be well-dressed
‫ هواية‬hawāya pl. -āt hobby, sport or art │ ‫ تهيأ‬tahayya’ make ready! (mil.
cultivated as an amateur; amateurism, command) VI to adapt themselves to one
amateurship another, make mutual adjustment; to be in
‫ هواية‬hawwāya fan; ventilator agreement, be agreed

‫ اهوى‬ahwā more desirable, preferable ‫ هيئة‬hai’a pl. -āt form, shape; exterior,
appearance, guise, aspect, bearing; air,
‫ اهوية‬uhwiya abyss, chasm, deep, depth mien, physiognomy; attitude, position;
‫ مَهوى‬mahwan, ‫ مَهواة‬mahwāh pl. ‫مَهاو‬ situation, condition, state; group, (social)
mahāwin2 abyss, chasm, gulf; place of class; society, association; body,
one’s longing, object of desire; corporation; organization; board,
atmosphere commission, committee; corps; cadre,
skeleton organization │ ‫ هيئة المَم المتحدة‬h.
‫ مَهواة‬mihwāh ventilator al-umam al-muttaḥida and ‫الهيئة المَمية‬
‫ تهوية‬tahwiya airing, ventilation (umamīya) the United Nations
Organization; ‫( الهيئة الَجتماعية‬ijtimā‘īya)
‫ استهواء‬istihwā’ fascination, captivation;
human society; ‫ هيئة الذاعة اللسلكية‬h. al-
enchantment; seducement, enticement,
idā‘a al-lā-silkīya broadcasting
temptation; suggestion
corporation; ‫ هيئة اركان الحرب‬h. arkān al-
‫ هاو‬hāwin pl. ‫ هواة‬huwāh falling, ḥarb general staff; ‫هيئة اركان حرب السطول‬
dropping, sinking; loving, in love; lover; (usṭūl) naval staff; ‫هيئة برلمانية‬
fancier, fan, amateur; dabbler, dilettante (barlamānīya) parliamentary group; ‫هيئة‬
‫ هاوية‬hāwiya chasm, gulf, abyss, ‫ التحكم‬board of arbitration; jury, committee
infernal depth, bottomless pit, hell 1040 of judges, committee of umpires (in
sports), the referees (in military
2
‫ هوية‬huwīya see 1‫هو‬ maneuvers); ‫ هيئة التدريس‬teaching staff;
‫ هي‬hiya she (3rd pers. sing. f. of the pers. pron.) faculty, professoriate (of an academic
institution); (‫( هيئة حاكمة )حكومَية‬ḥukūmīya)
‫ هيا‬hayyā (interj.) up! come on! let’s go! now governmental agency, authority; ‫هيئة‬
then! ‫ دبلومَاسية‬diplomatic corps; ‫الهيئة السعدية‬
(‫ هاء )هيء‬hā’a i a and ‫ هيؤ‬hayu’a u (‫ هيأة‬ḥai’a, (sa‘dīya) the Sa’dist Union (formerly, a
‫ هياءة‬hayā’a) to be shapely, well-formed, political group in Egypt); ‫( هيئة طبية‬ṭibbīya)
beautiful to look at, present a handsome ambulance corps; ‫( هيئة نيابية‬niyābīya)
appearance; -- a (‫ هيئة‬hī’a) to desire, crave representative body, parliamentary body;
(‫ الى‬s.th.) II to make ready, get ready, put ‫‘ علم الهيئة‬ilm al-h. astronomy
in readiness (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to prepare (‫ هـ‬s.th.); ‫ هيء‬hayyi’, ‫ هيئ‬hayī’ good-looking,
to fix up, fit up, set up (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to pave handsome; shapely
the way (‫ ل‬for s.o., for s.th.); to arm,
mobilize, get in fighting condition (mil.); ‫ تهيئة‬tahyi’a preparation; training;
to put in order, to order, array, arrange (‫هـ‬ adaptation, adjustment, accommodation
s.th.); to incline, dispose, make inclined (‫ل‬ ‫ مَهايأة‬muhāya’a joint usufruct, use or
‫ ه‬s.o. to), influence (‫ ل ه‬s.o. in favor of) │ profit sharing (Isl. Law)
O ‫ تهيؤ‬tahayyu’ military preparations to move, stir, agitate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to stir up,
excite (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to disturb, trouble,
‫ تهيؤ‬tahayyu’ (mutual) adaptation,
perturb, disquiet (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to provoke,
(mutual) adjustment
incite, stimulate (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to kindle, ignite,
‫ مَهيأ‬muhayya’ prepared; ready inflame, incense (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ هـ‬the
(‫ هاب )هيب‬hāba (1st pen. perf. hibtu) a ( blood) boil; to awaken, arouse, evoke (‫هـ‬
‫ هيبة‬haiba, ‫ مَهابة‬mahāba) to fear, dread ( ,‫هـ‬ e.g., a desire); to bring to light (‫ هـ‬s.th.); to
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.), be afraid (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬of); to stand in irritate, inflame (‫ هـ‬an organ); to drive,
awe (‫ هـ‬of), be awed (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬by); to honor, urge on, spur on (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ على‬to); to
respect, revere, venerate (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to make rouse, start, scare up (‫ هـ‬a bird) IV = II; V
(‫ هـ‬s.th.) be dreaded (‫ الى‬by s.o.), make it and VIII to be astir, be restive, be in a
dreadful to s.o., inspire s.o. (‫ )الى‬with awe state of commotion, be disturbed, be
(‫ هـ‬of); to make s.th. (‫ )هـ‬appear dreadful excited, be agitated; to be awakened, be
or awesome (‫ الى‬to s.o.); to threaten, (a)roused, be scared up
frighten, intimidate, cow, daunt (‫ على‬s.o.) ‫ هيج‬excitement; agitation; commotion,
IV to call out, shout (‫ ب‬to s.o.); 1041 to disturbance, turmoil; dissension, strife;
call upon s.o. (‫)ب‬, appeal (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to combat, battle
drive, urge, rouse, egg on, encourage ( ‫الى‬
‫هيجا‬haijā and ‫ هيجاء‬haijā’ fight,
‫ ب‬s.o. to) V = I; to awe, frighten, scare,
combat, battle, war
threaten (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII = I
‫ هيجان‬hayajān excitement; agitation;
‫ هيبة‬haiba fear, dread, awe; reverence,
commotion, disturbance, turmoil, tumult;
veneration, esteem, respect; awe-inspiring
outburst of rage, fury, irritation,
appearance, venerableness, gravity,
indignation, bitterness
dignity; standing, prestige
‫ هياج‬hiyāj excitement; agitation;
‫ هياب‬hayyāb timid, timorous, shy,
commotion, disturbance, turmoil, tumult;
diffident; respectful
outburst of rage, fury, irritation,
‫ هيوب‬hayūb timid, timorous, shy, indignation, bitterness; raging, uproar (of
diffident; respectful; awful, fearful, the elements)
dreadful; awe-inspiring, awesome,
‫ تهييج‬tahyīj excitation, agitation,
venerable
stimulation; provocation, incitement;
‫ مَهاب‬mahāb object of reverence and instigation; stirring up, fanning;
respect incensement, inflammation; O induction
‫ مَهابة‬mahāba dignity (el.)

‫ تهيب‬tahayyub fear, dread; awe ‫ تهيج‬tahayyuj disturbance, commotion,


turmoil; excitement, agitation; emotional
‫ مَهوب‬mahūb and ‫ مَهيب‬mahīb dreaded, disturbance; affect (jur.)
dreadful, awful
‫ هائج‬hā’ij stirring, astir, agitated, in
‫ مَهيب‬muhīb awe-inspiring, awesome, commotion; rough, heaving (sea, waves);
venerable; grave, solemn, dignified excited, impassioned; angry, furious,
‫ مَتهيب‬mutahayyib respectful, reverential enraged │ ‫ هاج هائجه‬he became angry, he
flew into a rage
‫ هيت‬II to call (‫ ب‬s.o.)
‫ مَهيج‬muhayyaj exciting, stirring,
‫ هيت‬haita, ‫( هيت لك‬laka) come here! rousing, stimulating; provocative, inciting;
(‫ هاج )هيج‬hāja i (haij, ‫ هيجان‬hayajān, ‫هيا‬ incendiary, inflammatory; agitator,
‫ ج‬hiyāj) to be astir or stirred up, be or get troublemaker, incendiary, seditionary,
excited, agitated; to rise; to awaken, be rabble rouser; (pl. -āt) a stimulant, an
awakened, spring up (desire); to be in excitant
great excitement, be very upset, be ‫ مَتهيج‬mutahayyij and ‫ مَهتاج‬muhtāj
furious, indignant (‫ على‬about, at); to run agitated, upset, excited, impassioned
high, be rough, stormy (sea); -- ‫ هاج‬and II
‫ هيدروجين‬hīdrōžēn hydrogen 1042 ‫ هيكلي‬haikalī: ‫( مَناورة هيكلية‬munāwara)
cadre maneuver, skeleton exercise (mil.)
‫ هير‬II to hurl down, topple, tear down, destroy,
1
demolish (‫ هـ‬s.th.) (‫ هال )هيل‬hāla i (hail) to pour, strew, sprinkle (
‫ على‬s.th. on) II and IV do.; to pile up (‫هـ‬
‫ هير‬hayyir see ‫هور‬
sand, earth; said of the wind) VII to be
‫ هيراطيقي‬hīrāṭīqī hieratic (writing) heaped up, be poured in a heap, fall in a
‫ هيروغليفي‬hīroglīfī hieroglyphic heap; to rain down (bombs); to shower ( ‫ب‬
‫ على‬s.o. with), assail (‫ على‬s.o., ‫ ب على‬s.o.
‫ هيروين‬hīruwīn heroin (chem.) with; instead of ‫ ب‬also accusative of a
(‫ هاش )هيش‬hāša i (haiš) to be agitated, excited verbal noun) │ ‫انهال عليه ضربا وشتما‬
(ḍarban wa-šatman) he fell upon her with
‫ هيش‬hīš thicket, brush, scrub blows and abusive language
‫ هيشة‬haiša excitement; commotion, ‫ هيل‬hail piled-up sand │ ‫الهيل والهيلمان‬
turmoil, tumult, riot (hailamān) heaps of money, enormous
(‫ هاض )هيض‬hāḍa i: ‫ هيض جناحه‬hīḍa janāḥhū his sums
wing was broken, he wass powerless ‫ هيلن‬hayalān sand heap
‫ هيضة‬haiḍa summer cholera, cholera ‫ انهيال‬inhiyāl, ‫ انهيال الرض‬inh. al-arḍ
morbus; Asiatic cholera landslide
‫ مَهيض‬mahīd broken, shattered │ ‫مَهيض‬ 2
‫ هيول‬hayūl mote, atom
‫ الجناح‬m. al-janāḥ broken-winged, helpless,
3
feeble, sapless ‫ هيولى‬hayūlā, hayyūlā primordial matter;
matter; substance
(‫ هاط )هيط‬hāṭa i (haiṭ) to shout, clamor, raise a
din, be tumultuous ‫ هيولي‬hayūlī material (adj.)
‫ هيط‬haiṭ shouting, clamor, din, uproar, ‫ هيولاني‬hayulānī material (adj.)
ruckus (‫ هام )هيم‬hāma i (haim, ‫ هيمان‬hayamān) to fall
‫ هياط‬hiyāṭ shouting, clamor │ ‫هياط مَياط‬ in love (‫ ب‬with); to be in love (‫ ب‬with); to
(miyāṭ) tumultuous uproar, ruckus, wild be enthusiastic, ecstatic, frantic, beside
shouting, tumult o.s.; to be in raptures, be crazy (‫ ب‬about),
be gone on (‫ ;)ب‬to roam, rove, wander │ ‫ه‬
‫ هيطل‬see ‫هطل‬ ‫( ام على وجهه‬wajhihī) to wander aimlessly
‫ مَهيع‬mahya‘ pl. ‫ مَهايع‬mahāyi‘2 broad, paved about; ‫( هام في وديان‬widyān) approx.: he
road was no longer himself, he was floating in
higher regions, he was beside himself, he
(‫ هاف )هيف‬hāfa i (haif) to be parched, thirsty;
was out of his senses; ‫ هام بأنظاره‬to let one’s
-- a (haif) to run away (slave); -- ‫هيف‬
eyes wander; -- (‫ هيام‬huyām, hiyām) to
hayifa and hāfa a (haif, hayaf) to be slim,
thirst (‫ ب‬for) 1043 II to confuse, bewilder,
slender, slight, frail
puzzle, mystify, mislead (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
‫ هيف‬haif parching wind infatuate, enchant, captivate, carry away,
‫ هيف‬hayaf slenderness, slimness rob of his senses (‫ ه‬s.o.; of love) X pass.
‫ استهيم‬ustuhīma to be infatuated,
‫ هيوف‬hayūf burned up with thirst enchanted, captivated, carried away; to be
‫ هيفان‬haifān2 parched; thirsty passionately in love
‫ اهيف‬ahyaf2, f. ‫ هيفاء‬haifā’2, pl. ‫ هيف‬hīf ‫ هيام‬huyām, hiyām passionate love;
slender, slim; slight, frail, wispy burning thirst
‫ هيكل‬haikal pl. ‫ هياكل‬hayākil2 temple; large ‫ هيوم‬hayūm confused, puzzled, baffled,
building, edifice; altar; skeleton; mystified, perplexed
framework (of a structure), frame; chassis ‫ هيمان‬haimān2, f. ‫ هيمى‬haimā, pl. ‫هيام‬
(of an automobile); colossal, gigantic, hiyām, madly in love; very thirsty
huge
‫ هائم‬hā’im pl. ‫ هيم‬huyyam, ‫ هيام‬huyyām َ‫ وال‬wa-illā (and if not), otherwise, else
perplexed, mystified, baffled, puzzled, ‫ وإن‬wa-in even if, even though,
confused; out of one’s senses, beside o.s.; although
in love, mad with love
‫ ولو‬wa-lau even if, even though, even in
‫ مَستهام‬mustahām in love, mad with love case that
‫ هيمن‬haimana to say “amen”; to guard (‫على‬ ‫ ولكن‬wa-lākin, wa-lākinna (the latter
s.o.), watch (‫ على‬over s.o.), watch with foll. acc. or pers. suffix) but,
narrowly (‫ على‬s.o.), keep an eye on (‫;)على‬ however, yet
to control (‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ وا‬toll (with the foll. noun ending in -āh) oh │
‫ هيمنة‬haimana supervision, ‫ وا اسفاه‬wā-asafāh! oh grief! alas!
superintendence, surveillance; control;
suzerainty, supremacy, ascendancy, ‫( وابور‬Fr. vapeur; colloq.) wābūr pl. -āt steam
hegemony engine; steamer, steamship; locomotive,
railroad, train; factory, mill; machine,
‫ مَهيمن‬muhaimin supervising, engine, apparatus; hot plate, heater, stove
superintending, controlling; guardian; │ ‫ وابور اكسبريس‬express train; ‫وابور البضاعة‬
protector; master (‫ على‬of s.th., also, e.g., of freight train, goods train; 1044 ‫وابور الركاب‬
a situation) w. ar-rukkāb passenger train; ‫ وابور‬w.
‫ هين‬and ‫ هينة‬see 1‫هون‬ ar.ri"" irrigation pump; ‫ وابور الزلط‬w. az-
zalaṭ (eg.) steamroller; ‫ وابور طارة‬w. ṭāra
‫ هينم‬hainama to murmur softly
paddle steamer; ‫ وابور العادة‬w. al-‘āda local
‫ هيه‬hīh (interj.) hey! Let’s go! step lively! look train, accommodation train, way train
alive!
‫ وات‬wāt watt (el.)
‫ هيهات‬haihātu, haihāt, haihāti but oh! far from
‫ واحة‬wāḥa pl. -āt oasis
the mark! wrong! what an idea! how
preposterous! │ ‫ هيهات ان‬it is absolutely ‫ وأد‬wa’ada ‫ يئد‬ya’idu to bury alive (‫ ها‬a
out of the question that ...; ‫هيهات ان يفعل كذا‬ newborn girl) V and VIII ‫ اتأد‬itta’ada to be
how far he is from doing so! ‫هيهات بين هذا‬ slow, act or proceed deliberately, tarry,
‫ وذاك‬what a difference between them! how hesitate, temporize (‫ ل‬in s.th.) │ ‫اتأد في‬
different they are! ‫ وهيهات لك ذلك‬and how ‫( مَشيتة‬mišyatihī) to walk slowly,
impossible is this to you! unhurriedly, saunter
‫ وئيد‬wa’ād deliberate, unhurried, slow;
deliberateness; ‫ وئيدا‬wa’īdan slowly;
gradually
‫و‬ ‫ تؤدة‬tu’ada deliberateness, slowness │
‫ على تؤدة‬slowly, deliberately, unhurriedly
‫ مَتئد‬mutta’id slow
wa 1. and; and also, and ... too │ ‫ ولَ واحد‬not
‫ وأر‬wa’ara ‫ يئر‬ya’iru (wa’r) to frighten (‫ ه‬s.o.)
one, not a single one; -- 2. (with foll. acc.)
X to be frightened, be struck with terror
with │ ‫ واياه‬wa-iyyāhu with him; ‫لَ يتفق‬
‫( ومَبادئهم‬yattafiqu, mabādi’ahum) it is not ‫ وارسو‬warsō Warsaw (capital of Poland)
in agreement with their principles; -- 3. ‫ واشنطون‬wāšinṭōn Washington
introducing circumstantial (ḥāl) clauses:
while, as, when, whereas │ ‫( قال وهم يبتسم‬he ‫ واط‬wāṭ watt (el.)
said while he smiled) he said with a smile; ‫ واق واق‬wāqwāq in the description, of Arab
‫( جاء والشمس طالعة‬šamsu) he arrived at geographers, name of two different groups
sunrise; -- 4. (with foll. genit.) by (in of island (one east of China, the other
oaths) │ ‫ وا‬by God! – 5. (with foll. located in the Indian Ocean)
genit.) many a, how many │ ‫وكأس شربت‬
(ka’sin) many a cup have I emptied! how ‫ مَوئل‬mau’il refuge, asylum
many cups I have drunk! -- ‫ أو‬a-wa ‫أ‬
‫ وأم‬III to agree, be in agreement (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with); to ‫ اوبر‬aubar2 f. ‫ وبراء‬wabrā’ covered with
suit (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬s.o., s.th.), be suited (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬to), hair, hairy, hirsute
harmonize (‫ ه‬,‫ هـ‬with) VI to agree, tally, ‫ مَوبر‬muwabbar hairy, woolly
humanize
‫ وبش‬wabaš trash, rubbish, bosh; pl. ‫اوباش‬
‫ وئام‬wi’ām agreement; unity, concord, awbāš rabble, riffraff
harmony
‫ وبق‬wabaqa ‫ يبق‬yabiqu and wabiqa ‫يوبق‬
‫ مَواءمَة‬muwā’ama agreement; unity, yaubaqu (wabaq, ‫ وبوق‬wubūq, ‫مَوبق‬
concord, harmony maubiq) to perish, go to ruin, be destroyed
‫ واه‬wāha, ‫ واها‬wāhā (interj.) with ‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬to IV to ruin (‫ ه‬s.o.); to debase, humiliate,
express admiration: how wonderful is mortify (‫ ه‬s.o.)
(are) …! with ‫ على‬to express regret: alas ‫ مَوبق‬maubiq place of destruction, of
…! too bad for ...! perdition; prison, jail
‫ واو‬wāw name of the letter ‫و‬ ‫ مَوبقة‬mūbiqa pl. -āt grave offence; act
‫ وئية‬wa’īya kettle of violence, crime; mortal sin
‫ وبئ‬wabi’a ‫ يوبأ‬yawba’u (‫ وبأ‬waba’), ‫وبؤ‬ ‫ وبل‬wabala ‫ يبل‬yabilu (wabl) to shed
wabu’a u (‫ وباء‬wabā’, ‫ وباءة‬wabā’a) and heavy rain (sky); -- wabula ‫ يوبل‬yaubulu
pass. ‫ وبئ‬wubi’a to be plague-stricken, (wabal, ‫ وبال‬wabāl, ‫ وبالة‬wabāla, ‫وبول‬
infected, infested, poisoned, contaminated wubūl) to be unhealthy, unwholesome,
noxious (climate, air)
‫ وبأ‬waba’ pl. ‫ اوباء‬aubā’ infectious
disease; epidemic ‫ وبل‬wabl downpour
‫ وباء‬wabā’ pl. ‫ اوبئة‬aubi’a infectious ‫ وبال‬wabāl unhealthiness of the air or
disease; epidemic climate; evil consequences of a deed;
harm, evil, curse
‫ وبائي‬wabā’ī infectious, contagious;
epidemic(al); pestilential ‫ وبيل‬wabīl unhealthy, unwholesome
(climate, food); of evil consequences,
‫ وبئ‬wabi’ and ‫ وبيء‬wabī’ infected,
hurtful, noxious, calamitous, disastrous,
poisoned,

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