Mass Flow Rate Problem

Water flows through a circular pipe with a radius of 15 cm at rate 1.5 m/s into a storage tank.

(a) Calculate the mass flow rate. (b) Calculate the mass of water that will flow into the
storage tank in 10 minutes. (c) How long will it take for 250,000 kg. of water to enter into
the storage tank?

Solution:

Given:

𝝆water = 1000 kg/m3

v = 1.5 m/s

A = 𝝅𝒓2

a) Mass flow rate equation

𝚫𝒎
= 𝝆𝑨𝒗
𝚫𝒕
= (1000) 𝜋(0.15)2 (1.5)
= 106 kg/s
𝚫𝒎
b) =106 kg/s
𝚫𝒕

Δ𝑚
∆𝑚 = ( )(∆𝑡)
Δ𝑡
60 𝑠𝑒𝑐 106 𝑘𝑔
10 min × × = ∆𝑚 = 𝟔𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈
1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐
1 𝑠𝑒𝑐 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
c) 250,000 𝑘𝑔 × 106 𝑘𝑔 × 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟑 𝒎𝒊𝒏
Bernoulli’s Equation

A house that has a roof with surface area of 200 m2 and there is a strong wind blowing like a
hurricane with speed of 100 mi/hr. Calculate the force that will push the roof off of the house as
shown in the figure below. (Density of air = 1.29 kg/m3)

Solution:
𝟏 𝟏
Use Bernoulli’ equation: 𝑷1 +𝝆𝒈𝒉1 + 𝟐 𝝆𝒗12 = 𝑷2 +𝝆𝒈𝒉2 + 𝟐 𝝆𝒗22

 The same density and gravity experience in event

 The air inside the house or point 2 is stationary therefore velocity2 = 0

1 1
𝑃1 +𝜌𝑔ℎ1 + 2 𝜌𝑣 12 = 𝑃2 +𝜌𝑔ℎ2 + 2 𝜌𝑣 22

1
𝑃1 + 2 𝜌𝑣 12 = 𝑃2

1
𝑃 1 − 𝑃2 = 2 𝜌𝑣12

1
∆𝑃 = 2 (1.29)(44.6944)2

1609 𝑚 1 ℎ𝑟
 100𝑚𝑖 × × 3600 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟔𝟗𝟒𝟒 𝒎/𝒔
1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒

∆𝑃 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖𝟖. 𝟕𝟔𝟖𝟏 𝑷𝒂

𝐹 = ∆𝑃𝐴

= (1288.7681 𝑁⁄𝑚2 )(200𝑚2 )

𝐹 = 𝟐𝟓𝟕, 𝟕𝟎𝟎 𝑵
Pascal’s Principle

A tube is connected to a whisky barrel and someone on the 3rd floor of the building pours water
in the tube right to the barrel. What is the force inside the walls of the barrel caused by water.

ℎ1 = 20 𝑚 ; ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒

ℎ𝟐 = 1 𝑚 ; ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑙

Solution:

𝑻𝑺𝑨 = 𝑨𝑺𝑰𝑫𝑬 𝑶𝑭 𝑻𝑯𝑬 𝑩𝑨𝑹𝑹𝑬𝑳 + 𝟐(𝑨𝑻𝑶𝑷 )

= (ℎ2 )(𝐶) + 2𝜋𝑟 2

= (1)(1.5) + 2𝜋(0.24)2

= 1.86 𝑚2

𝑷𝑨𝑽𝑬 = 𝝆𝒈𝒉

1
= 𝜌𝑔(ℎ1 + ℎ2 )
2

= (1000
𝑘𝑔⁄
) (9.81 𝑚⁄ ) (20 + 1) 𝑚
𝑚 3 𝑠2 2

𝑷𝑨𝑽𝑬 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎, 𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝑵⁄ 𝟐

𝒎
𝑭
𝑷= ; 𝑭 = 𝑷𝑨
𝑨
= (200900)(1.86)

𝑭 = 𝟑𝟕𝟑, 𝟔𝟕𝟒 𝑵
Bouyant Force

A 10 kg block of Aluminum (𝜌 = 2700 kg/m3) is attached to a rope (a) What is the tension force
in the rope of the block is in a vacuum? (b) What is the tension force if the block is in air (𝜌 =
1.29 kg/m3) (c) What is the tension force if the block is in water (𝜌 = 1000 kg/m3)

Solution:

BF

a) 𝑻 = 𝒎𝒈
𝑇 = (10)(9.81)
= 𝟗𝟖 𝑵
b) ∑ 𝑭𝒚 = 𝑻 + 𝑭𝑩 − 𝑾
𝟎 = 𝑇 + 𝐹𝐵 − 𝑊
𝑊 − 𝐹𝐵 = 𝑇
𝑻 = 𝑾 − 𝑭𝑩

Note: Forces in x direction will not vary because they are in the same depth
𝒎
𝝆=
𝑽
𝒎
𝑽=
𝝆

10𝑘𝑔
𝑉= = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟕𝒎𝟑
𝑘𝑔⁄
2700 𝑚3
Since Bouyant Force is equal to 𝑩𝑭 = 𝑾𝑭𝑳𝑼𝑰𝑫 𝑫𝑰𝑺𝑷𝑳𝑨𝑪𝑬𝑴𝑬𝑵𝑻

= 𝝆𝑭𝑳𝑼𝑰𝑫 𝒈 𝑽𝑫𝑰𝑺𝑷𝑳𝑨𝑪𝑬𝑴𝑬𝑵𝑻

𝐵𝐹 = 1.29(0.0037)(9.81)

𝑩𝑭 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟕 𝑵
 𝑻 = 𝑾 − 𝑭𝑩

= 98 − 0.047 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟗𝟓𝟑 𝑵

c) 𝐵𝐹 = 1000(0.0037)(9.81) = 36.297 𝑁
𝑇 = 𝑊 − 𝐵𝐹 = 98 − 36.297 ∴ 𝑻 = 𝟔𝟏. 𝟕𝟎𝟑
∴ 𝑰𝒕𝒔 𝒎𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒐 𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒌 𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓