PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA

Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

Physics Problems:

Fluid Mechanics

Submitted by:

Abit, Jimmy V.

Archibal, Jason R.

Bajalas, Mark Joseph

Bayaras, Mark James

Cabiling, Celdrin

Calixto, Danielle Aurea A.

Castillo, Junel

Cezar, Ron Michael Dave T.

Submitted to:

Engr. Jayef Doblado

March 26, 2019

 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
1. Water flows through a circular pipe with a radius of 15 cm at rate 1.5 m/s
into a storage tank.
(a) Calculate the mass flow rate. (b) Calculate the mass of water that will flow
into the storage tank in 10 minutes. (c) How long will it take for 250,000 kg.
of water to enter into the storage tank?

SOLUTION:

Given:

w ater = 1000 kg/m3

v = 1.5 m/s
2
A=

a) Mass flow rate equation

= (1000) (0.15)2 (1.5)

= 106 kg/s
b) =106 kg/s

c)
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
2. A house that has a roof with surface area of 200 m 2 and there is a strong
wind blowing like a hurricane with speed of 100 mi/hr. Calculate the force
that will push the roof off of the house as shown in the figure below.
(Density of air = 1.29 kg/m3)

SOLUTION:

2 2
Use Bernoulli’ equation: 1 1 1 = 2 2 2

 The same density and gravity experience in event

 The air inside the house or point 2 is stationary therefore velocity2 = 0

2 2
1 1 1 = 2 2 2

2
1 1 = 2

2
1 2 = 1

⁄
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
3. A tube is connected to a whisky barrel and someone on the 3rd floor of the
building pours water in the tube right to the barrel. What is the force inside
the walls of the barrel caused by water.

SOLUTION:

( ⁄ )( ⁄ )( )

⁄
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
4. A 10 kg block of Aluminum ( = 2700 kg/m3) is attached to a rope (a) What is
the tension force in the rope of the block is in a vacuum? (b) What is the
tension force if the block is in air ( = 1.29 kg/m3) (c) What is the tension
force if the block is in water ( = 1000 kg/m3)

SOLUTION:

BF

a)

b) ∑

Note: Forces in x direction will not vary because they are in the same depth

Since Bouyant Force is equal to

 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

c)

5. Find the height of free surface if 0.8 ft3 of water is poured into a conical tank
(Fig. 1-1) 20 in high with a base radius of 10 in. How much additional water
is required to fill the tank?

SOLUTION:
Vcone = πr2h/3 Vwater= 0.8ft3 = 1382.4 in3
Vcone = (10)2(20)/3 Ro = ho/1/2.0
Vcone = 2094.3951 in3
= π(ho/2.0)2ho/3 = 713
Additional water needed: h0 = 13.96 in
2095 – 1382 =
V= 713 in3

6. An iceberg floating in seawater is extremely dangerous because most of the

ice is below the surface this hidden ice can damage a ship that is still a
considerable distance from the visible ice. What fraction of the iceberg lies
below the water level? (Pice = 917.kg/m3 & Pseaw ater = 1030 kg/m3)

SOLUTION:
Vs /Vo =? EFy = 0
BF – Wo = 0
Pseaw ater Vs g = PoVog
Vs /Vo = Po/Pseaw ater

Vs /Vo = 917 kg/m3/1030 kg/m3

= 0.89 x 100
= 89 %
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
7. A tennis ball has a diameter of 3.8 cm and average density of 0.084 g/cm3.
What force is required to hold it completely submerge under water?

SOLUTION:
EFy=0 Vsphere = 4πr3/3
BF - Wo –F=0 r = 1.9cm = 0.019m
F= BF-W Po = 0.084g/cm3 x 1kg/1000g x
(100cm/1m)3
F = PwVog – PoVog Po = 84kg/m3
Vog (Pw – Po)
F = (4/3) (π) (0.019) (3) (9.81) (1000-84)
F = 0.26N

8. Water enters a house through a pipe an inside diameter of 2cm and absolute
pressure of 4x105 Pa. A 1cm diameter pipe loads to the second-floor
bathroom 5m above. When the flow speed at the inlet pipe is 1.5m/s. Find
the flow speed pressure and volume flow rate in the bathroom.

SOLUTION:
a) V2 =? b) P2 =?
A1V1 = A2V2 P1 Pgh + ½ PV12 = P2 + Pgh2 + ½ PV22
V2 = A1V1/A2 P2 = P1 + ½ PV12 – Pgh2 – ½ PV22
V2 = πr2V1/πr2 P2 = 4x105 + ½ (1000) (1.5)2 – (1000) (9.81)2(5) – ½
(1000) (6)2
V2 = (1)2(1.5)/(0.5m)2 P2 = 334.075 Pa
V2 = 6 m/s

9. A container filled with water and there is a hole, as shown in the figure
below. If acceleration due to gravity is 10 ms-2, what is the speed of water
through that hole?
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

SOLUTION:

Torricelli ‘s theorem states that the water leaves the hole with the same speed as an
object free fall from the same height.
Height (h) = 85 cm – 40 cm = 45 cm = 0.45 meters
Velocity of water is calculated using the equation of the free fall motion :
vt2 = 2 g h
vt2 = 2 g h = 2(10) (0.45) = 9
vt = √9 = 3 m/s

10. Water is pumped with a 120 kPa compressor entering the lower pipe (1) and
flows upward at a speed of 1 m/s. Acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s and
water density is1000 kg/m-3. What is the water pressure on the upper pipe
(II)?

SOLUTION: Radius of the lower pipe (r1) = 12 cm

The speed of water in pipe 2 is
calculated with the equation of continuity:
Radius of the lower pipe (r2) = 6 cm
Water pressure in the lower pipe (p1) = 120 kPa =
120,000 Pascal
The speed of water in the lower pipe (v1) = 1 m.s-1
The height of the lower pipe (h1) = 0 m
The height of the upper pipe (h2) = 2 m
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 m.s-2
Density of water = 1000 kg.m-3

Water pressure in pipe 2 is calculated using the equation of Bernoulli:

 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
11. A large pipe 5 meters above the ground and a small pipe 1 meter above the
ground. The velocity of the water in a large pipe is 36 km/h with a pressure
of 9.1 x 105 Pa, while the pressure in the small pipe is 2.105 Pa. What is the
water velocity in the small pipe? (Water density = 103 kg/m3)

Water pressure in the large pipe (p1) =
9.1 x 105 Pascal = 910,000 Pascal
Water pressure in the small pipe (p2) =
2 x 105 Pascal = 200,000 Pascal
Water speed in the large pipe (v1) = 36
km/h = 36(1000)/(3600) = 36000/3600
=10 m/s
SOLUTION:
The height of the large pipe (h1) = -4
meters The height of the small pipe (h2)
= 0 meter Acceleration due to gravity (g)
= 10 m.s-2 Density of water = 1000
kg/m3

12. A water hose 2.50 cm in diameter is used by a gardener to fill a 30.0-L

bucket. The gardener notes that it takes 1.00 min to fill the bucket. A nozzle
with an opening of cross-sectional area 0.500 cm2 is then attached to the
hose. The nozzle is held so that water is projected horizontally from a point
1.00 m above the ground. Over what horizontal distance can the water be
projected?

SOLUTION:
Area of nozzle:

Using the volume flow rate:

 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
Initial velocity of the water from the hose:

Time it takes the water to fall to the ground:

Horizontal Distance of the water:

13. How much pressure does a 22-lb high chair exert on the floor if it was used
for a photo shoot with a 50-kg model sitting on it? The chair’s legs are also
said to have a cross-sectional radius of 1 cm.

SOLUTION:

22 lbs x
1 cm

14. A cube of wood having an edge 35 cm and a density of 700 kg/m 3 float on
water. How much mass should be put on top so that it would be level with
the surface of the water?
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

SOLUTION:
BF ∑

W1

W2
15. Ideal fluid of weight density 7.9 kN/m3 flows down this pipe and out into the
atmosphere through the "end cap" orifice. Gauge B reads 41.0 kPa and gage
A, 14.0 kPa. Calculate the mean velocity in the pipe.

SOLUTION:

Identify point B as a stagnation point. The energy line will then be established

[(41.0 × 103) / (7.9 × 103)] = 5.19 m above B.

Gauge A measures the static pressure in the flow;

(pA / γ) is thus

[(14.0 × 103) / (7.9 × 103)] = 1.77 m.

Therefore,

[(VA2) / (2gn)] = 5.19 – 3 – 1.77 = 0.42 m,

VA = 2.87 m/s

16. What is the difference between the hydrostatic pressure of blood

between the brain and the soles of the feet of a person whose height 165
cm (suppose the density of blood = 1.0 × 103 kg/m3, acceleration due to
gravity = 9.81 m/s2).

SOLUTION:
h = 165cm or 1.65m
ρBlood = 1.0x103kg/m3
g = 9.81 m/s2
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

( )
P = 16186.5 Pa

17. A U pipe is initially filled with water than on one pipe filled with oil, as
shown in the figure below. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3. If the height
of oil is 8 cm and the height of the water is 5 cm, what is the density of oil?

SOLUTION:
Density of water = 1000 kg.m-3
The height of water (h2) = 5 cm
The height of oil (h1) = 8 cm

ρ1 g h1 =ρ2 g h2
ρ1 h1 =ρ2 h2
(1000)(5) = (ρ2)(8)
5000 = (ρ2)(8)
ρ2 = 625 kg.m-3

18. A U pipe was first filled with kerosene then added water. If the mass
of kerosene is 0.8 grams/cm3 and the density of water is 1 gram/cm3 and
the cross-sectional area is 1.25 cm2. Determine how much water should be
added so that the height difference of the kerosene surface is 15 cm.

SOLUTION:
Density of kerosene (ρ1) = 0.8 gram/cm3
Density of water (ρ2) = 1 gram/cm3
Sectional area of the pipe = 1.25 cm2
The height difference of the surface of kerosene (h1) = 15 cm

The height of water (h2) :

ρ1 g h1 = ρ2 g h2
(0,8)(15)(1)(h2)
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
h2 = 12 cm

Volume of water :
V = (Sectional area of the pipe)(height of water)
V = (1.25 cm2)(12 cm)
V = 15 cm3
1 liter = 1 dm3 = 103 cm3
1 mililiter = 10-3 liters = (10-3)(103) cm3 = 1 cm3
Volume of water is 15 cm3 = 15 mililiters

19. A pipe U filled with water with density of 1000 kg/m3. One column of pipe U
filled with glycerine with density of 1200 kg/m3. If the height of glycerine is 4
cm, determine the height difference of both columns of the pipe.

SOLUTION:
Density of water (ρ1) = 1000 kg/m3
Density of glycerin (ρ2) = 1200 kg/m3
Height of glycerin (h2) = 4 cm
The height of the column of the pipe (h1):

ρ1 h1 = ρ2 h2
(1000)(h1) = (1200)(4)
(1000)(h1) = 4800
h1 = 4.8 cm
The height difference of both columns of the pipe U = h1 – h2 = 4.8 cm – 4 cm =
0.8 cm

20. A pipe with a radius of 15 cm connected with another pipe with a radius of 5
cm. Both are in a horizontal position. The velocity of the water flow in the
large pipe is 1 m/s at a pressure of 105 N/m2. What is the water pressure on
the small pipe (1 g cm-3)
Known :
Radius of the large pipe (r1) = 15 cm = 0.15 m
Radius of the small pipe (r2) = 5 cm = 0.05 m
The water pressure in the large pipe (p1) = 105 N m-2 = 100.000 N m-2
The speed of water in the large pipe (v1) = 1 m s-1
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 m.s-2
Water density = 1 gr cm-3 = 1000 kg m-3
Height difference (Δh) = 0.

SOLUTION:
The speed of water in pipe 2 is calculated using the equation of continuity:
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

The water pressure in the small pipe (p2) is calculated using the equation of Bernoulli:

21. A container filled with water and there are two holes, as shown in the figure
below. What is the ratio of x1 to x2?

SOLUTION:

Time interval of the water free fall from hole 1:

h = 1/2 a t2
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

0.8 = 1/2 (10) t2

0.8 = 5 t2
t2 = 0.8 / 5 = 0.16
t = 0.4 seconds

Time interval of the water free fall from hole 2:

h = 1/2 a t2
0.5 = 1/2 (10) t2
0.5 = 5 t2
t2 = 0.5 / 5 = 0.1
t = √0.1 second

The horizontal distance (x):

x1 = v1 t1 = (2)(0.4) = 0.8 meters
x2 = v2 t2 = (√10)(√0.1) = (10)(0.1) = 1 meter
The ration of x1 to x2:
x1 : x2 = 0.8 : 1 = 8 : 10 = 4 : 5

22. Mila is playing with a stone as soon as she saw a measuring scale. She
tried to weigh it in the air and the scale shows 650 N. She tried it again but
this time in water and the scale shows 275 N. Compute for its specific
gravity.

SOLUTION:

Weight of water displaced=Weight of stone in air – Weight of stone in water

650-275=375

Volume of water displaced= Volume of stone

=mass*density of water ; where weight = mass* gravitational acceleration

Therefore mass=weight/ gravitational acceleration

= weight/gravitational acceleration* density of water

= 375/9.81*1000

=0.038 m3

Density of stone= mass/volume=650/9.81*0.038=1733 kg/m3

Specific gravity= Density of stone/Density of water=1.73.

 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
23. A cube of wood having an edge dimension of 20cm and a density of
650kg/ floats on water.
a.) What is the distance from the horizontal top surface of the cube to the
water level?
b.) What mass of lead should be placed on the cube so that the top of the
cube will just level with the water surface?
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
24. A piece of marble weighs 2.5 N in air, 1.5 N in water and 1.75 N in a liquid of
unknown density. What is the density of the marble and the unknown
liquid?
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
25. Figure shows a stream of water in steady flow from a kitchen faucet. At the
faucet the diameter of the stream is 0.960 cm. The stream fills a 125
container in 16.3s. Find the diameter of the stream 13.0 cm below the
opening of the faucet.
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

26. A gardener uses a water hose with a diameter of 2.5 cm to fill a 30L bucket.
The gardener notes that it takes 1 minute to fill the bucket. A nozzle with an
opening of cross sectional area 0.5 cm2 is attached to the hose.
a.) What is the speed of the water leaving the end of the hose?
b.) What is the speed of the water leaving the nozzle?
c.) The nozzle is held so that water is projected from it, above the ground.
Over what horizontal distance can the water be projected?

A2= 0.5
cm2

d1 = 2.5

30 @1 min
L

a.)

b.)
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

c.)

1m

27. A table tennis ball has a diameter of 3.8cm. & average density of 3.8 cm.
and average density of 0.084g /cm3. What force is required to hold it
completely submerged under water?

wo F Recall: BF =

Wo=mog

Wo =

BF
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
Solution:

d=3.8cm

r=1.9cm= 0.019m

o=0.84 g/cm3 = 84 kg/m3

BF-Wo-F=0

F=BF-Wo
F=
3
F=4/ (9.81)(1000-84)

F=0.26N

28. Adam holds back the water in a lake. If the dam has a small hole
1.4 meters below the surface of the lake, at what speed does
water exit the hole?

Use Bernoulli’s equation:

are the pressure, speed, density, and height, respectively, of a fluid. The
subscripts 1 and 2 refer to two different points. In this case, let point 1 be on the
surface of the lake and point 2 be at the outlet of the hole in the dam. The
pressure at each point is just atmospheric pressure, so

The hole is 1.4 meters below the lake, so

Because the hole is “small,” you can assume that the level of the lake doesn’t
change much as water leaks out of the hole, so
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

meters per second. Using these equations in Bernoulli’s equation, you can solve
for the speed of the fluid at point 2:

29. Ahose lying on the ground has water coming out of it at a speed
of 5.4 meters per second. You lift the nozzle of the hose to a
height of 1.3 meters above the ground. At what speed does the
water now come out of the hose?

are the pressure, speed, density, and height, respectively, of a fluid. The
subscripts 1 and 2 refer to two different points. In this case, let point 1 be on the
ground and point 2 be at 1.3 meters above the ground. At both points, the
pressure is atmospheric pressure, so
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

30. Normal atm is 1.013x105 Pa the approach of a storm causes the height of a
mercury barometer to drop by 20 mm from the normal height. What is the atm
pressure in atm and psi and Pa.

760 mm
-20mm
740mm

 740 mmHg x 101.3x103 Pa = 98,634.21Pa

760mmHg
 98634.21 x 1atm = 0.97 atm
101.3x103Pa
 98634.21 Pa x 14.7 psi = 14.313 psi

101.3 x103 Pa