Diabetes

● disorder characterized by high amounts of glucose in the bloodstream

● Prevents the body from converting food into energy

Types:
● Type I
○ A.k.a. Insulin-dependent
■ The person must always take insulin to maintain life
○ Result of little or no insulin produced by the pancreas
○ absence or insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas
○ immune system destroys beta cells (insulin-producing cells in pancreas)
○ Usually develops in young people
● Type II
○ Result of too little insulin produced by the pancreas or a failure of the insulin to
function normally
○ About 90% of all cases
○ Usually develops in older people, although the age of developing it may vary
○ Most cases can be controlled by diet, exercise & by maintaining a normal body
weight
○ inability of the body to respond to insulin
○ when your body does insufficient job of converting carbohydrates to energy
● Gestational
○ If not controlled…
■ it can mean intrauterine death & a high risk of neonatal mortality
■ Increases the risk of hypertension during pregnancy
■ The need for Caesarian section
■ Establishes a lifetime risk factor for diabetes
○ build up of sugar in blood from hormones made by the placenta during
pregnancy
○ after birthing, your diabetes will be gone but will make you more prone to
developing Type II diabetes

Symptoms:
● Common Symptoms
○ hunger
○ fatigue
○ peeing more often
○ thirstier than usual
○ dry mouth
○ Dry, itchy skin
○ blurry vision
○ Weight loss
○ Shortness of breath
● Other Symptoms (shown when your glucose has been high for a long time)
 ○ yeast infections
○ slow healing sores/cuts
● Other Type I Symptoms
○ unplanned weight loss
○ nausea
○ vomiting

Prevention:
● Type I
○ cannot be prevented
○ cannot be cured
○ can be made better
○ Insulin Pump Therapy
■ alternative to injecting insulin
○ insulin injections
○ treatments involve insulin + exercise
● Type II
○ usage of metformin
■ controls insulin levels
○ insulin injections
● Gestational
○

Risk Factors for Adult Diabetes

● Family history
● Obesity
● Sedentary lifestyle
● high-fat/low-fiber diet
● multiparity

Diabetes is a risk factor for…

● Coronary artery disease
● Hypertension
● Menstrual irregularities
● Thyroid disease
● Endometrial cancer
● Vaginitis
● Premature ovarian failure
● Blindness
● Kidney disease
● Amputations
● Eating disorders
● depression