Introduction to

GLOBALIZATION
Prepared by
MA. ELMA L. MIRANDILLA
August 2019
General Definition of Globalization
● General definition
○ Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people,
companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by
international trade and investment and aided by information technology.
This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political
systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical
well-being in societies around the world. (https://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/)
○ Postmodernism announces freedom from all authorities such as religion,
history, science and most of the other cornerstones of Modernism
(mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de)
■ Modernism espouses that truth exists independent of human consciousness and can be
known thru the application of reason; while truth in Postmodernism exist independent of
human consciousness and there is no objective means of identifying it
(www.webpages.uidaho.edu)
Business Definition of Globalization
● Business definition
○ The worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade, and
communications integration.
○ Globalization implies the opening of local and nationalistic perspectives
to a broader outlook of an interconnected and interdependent world
with free transfer of capital, goods, and services across national
frontiers (http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/globalization.html)
Economic Definition of Globalization
● Economic definition
○ Refers to the increasing interdependence of world economies as a result
of the growing scale of cross-border trade of commodities and services,
flow of international capital and wide and rapid spread of technologies
(www.un.org)
○ Globalization is the integration of national economies through trade,
investment, capital flow, labor migration, and technology.
(https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/globalization)
○ Refers to the processes of global economic integration that emerged in
the late 20th century, fueled by neoliberal ideals. Neoliberalism claims
that a largely unregulated capitalist economy embodies the ideal of free
individual choice and maximizes economic efficiency and growth,
technological progress, and distributive justice. (stanford.library.sydney.edu.au)
Political Definition of Globalization
● Political globalization refers to changes in the exercise of political power that
have resulted from increased transnational engagement. It is understood
as polycentric, that is, as involving non-state institutions that exercise
political power from both “above” and “below” the state (www.un.org)
Sociology/ Social Definition of Globalization
● Sociology definition
○ The technological innovation and organisational change centred on
flexibilisation and adaptability (www.un.org)
○ Refers to to the expansion of a specific form of social organisation
based on information as the main source of productivity and power
(Urzua, 2000 in www.unesco.org)
○ Postmodern worldview presents the contemporary world as a place
where scientism has defeated religion, regimented leisure has upper
hand over casual entertainment and inhibition of human spontaneity in
favor of gadgets and technology (mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de)
Cultural Definition of Globalization
● Cultural definition
○ the dissemination of common cultural values, but also the
re-emergence of nationalism, cultural conflict and social movements
(Urzua, 2000 in www.unesco.org)