SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT

TRAINING AT: SANGINI GROUP-SANGINI VEDANTA

Submitted by

GANDHI PARTH
PP18050

In partial fulfilment of Academic Requirement for the award of Post Graduate Program in
Project Engineering and Management

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND

RESEARCH
PUNE

July, 2019

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 Acknowledgement
I wish to express my heartfelt appreciation to all those who have contributed to this project, both
explicitly and implicitly, without the cooperation of whom, it would not have been possible to
complete this project.

This summer training project has been carried out at the National Institute of Construction
Management and Research. I would like to express my sincere thanks to whose guidance and
encouragement is invaluable. It has been an honor and memorable experience working with
them.

I have undergone Nine week training in SANGINI GROUP. I had lots of good experience there
and so I would like to thank Mr. Alpesh Kevadiya (chief engineer) for granting me a permission
to work on his site and helping out with each and every detail.

A special thanks to Mr. Harsh Desai, Mr. Denish, and Mr. Tarun for their constant support,
cooperation, and motivation provided to me during the training.

I thank my parents for standing behind me all the time and I thank my friends for their advice,
guidance and help. I thank God for all his blessings.

GANDHI PARTH

PP18050

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Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 About the Company ......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Vision & Mission ............................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Projects ............................................................................................................................. 2
1.4 ABOUT SITE................................................................................................................... 3
1.5 Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 4
1.6 Project Overview .............................................................................................................. 4
1.7 Stakeholders of Project..................................................................................................... 6
1.8 On Site Organizational Breakdown Structure .................................................................. 7
2 MATERIAL AND TOOLS SPECIFICATION .................................................................... 8
2.1 Cement ............................................................................................................................. 8
2.2 Aggregate ......................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Coarse Aggregate ...................................................................................................... 9
2.3 AAC Block ..................................................................................................................... 12
2.4 Admixture....................................................................................................................... 13
3 Machinery and Equipment................................................................................................... 14
3.1 Vibrator .......................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Concrete Mixture............................................................................................................ 15
3.3 Concrete Pump ............................................................................................................... 16
4 Quality Control .................................................................................................................... 17
4.1 Cube Test........................................................................................................................ 18
4.2 Checklist for Reinforced Cement Concrete ................................................................... 21
5 Construction Activity at Site ............................................................................................... 23
5.1 Foundation...................................................................................................................... 23
5.2 Column, Lift Wall & Shear Wall ................................................................................... 25
5.2.1 Reinforcement of Column, Lift & Shear Wall........................................................ 25
5.2.2 Mivan Shuttering .................................................................................................... 26
5.2.3 Shuttering of Column, Lift & Shear Wall ............................................................... 27
5.3 Beam & Slab .................................................................................................................. 28
5.3.1 Shuttering of Beam ................................................................................................. 28

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 5.3.2 Shuttering of Slab ................................................................................................... 29
5.3.3 Reinforcement Laying In Beam and Slab ............................................................... 30
5.4 Staircase ......................................................................................................................... 31
5.4.1 Shuttering of Staircase ............................................................................................ 31
5.4.2 Reinforcement Arrangement ................................................................................... 32
5.5 Post tensioning ............................................................................................................... 33
Post tensioning is a technique for reinforcing concrete. Post-tensioning tendons, which are
prestressing steel cables inside plastic ducts or sleeves, are positioned in the forms before
the concrete is placed. Afterwards, once the concrete has gained strength but before the
service loads are applied, the cables are pulled tight, or tensioned, and anchored against the
outer edges of the concrete................................................................................................... 33
5.6 Concreting ...................................................................................................................... 33
5.6.1 Concreting For Column........................................................................................... 34
5.6.2 Concreting For Beam & Slab .................................................................................. 35
5.6.3 Concreting For Staircase ......................................................................................... 36
5.7 Compaction and Leveling .............................................................................................. 36
5.7.1 Curing For Beam and Slab ...................................................................................... 36
5.7.2 Curing for Column, Lift Wall & Shear Wall .......................................................... 36
6 SAFETY .............................................................................................................................. 37
6.1 Job Safety Analysis for the site ...................................................................................... 37
6.2 Unsafe Act Reported At Site .......................................................................................... 37
6.3 Following Sign Boards should be present at site ........................................................... 37
7 General Observations and Recommendations ..................................................................... 39
8 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 40

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Table of Figure
Figure 1: Satellite View .................................................................................................................. 3
Figure 2: Elevation View ................................................................................................................ 3
Figure 3: Site Layout ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4: 2 BHK Floor Plan ............................................................................................................ 5
Figure 5: Cement............................................................................................................................. 8
Figure 6: 10mm Aggregate ............................................................................................................. 9
Figure 7: 20mm Aggregate ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 8: Sand ............................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 9: AAC Bloc ...................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 10: Admixture.................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 11: RMC Plant .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 12: Needle Vibrator ........................................................................................................... 15
Figure 13: Concrete Pump ............................................................................................................ 16
Figure 14: Concrete Cube ............................................................................................................. 18
Figure 15: Compressive Strength Test .......................................................................................... 20
Figure 16: Tensile test .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 17: Universal Testing Machine .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 18: Steel Test Report .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 19: Cement Test Report ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 20: Aggregate Test Report.................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 21: AAC Block Test Report ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 22: Pre concreting Checklist ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 23: Post concreting Checklist ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 24: Cross section of foundation ......................................................................................... 24
Figure 25: Concrete Cover ............................................................................................................ 25
Figure 26: Reinforcement of Column, Lift Wall ......................................................................... 25
Figure 27: Shuttering of Column .................................................................................................. 27
Figure 28: Shuttering of Beam ...................................................................................................... 28
Figure 29: Shuttering of Slab ........................................................................................................ 29
Figure 30: Reinforcement of Slab & Beam .................................................................................. 30
Figure 31: Formwork of Staircase ................................................................................................ 31
Figure 32: Reinforcement of Staircase ......................................................................................... 32
Figure 33: Concreting of Column ................................................................................................. 35
Figure 34: Concreting of Slab & Beam ........................................................................................ 35

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 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 About the Company

Established in 1984, Sangini has been involved in construction of residential and commercial
projects par excellence. It has successfully completed 56 projects with total constructed space of
57.5 lakh sq. ft. These projects comprise of 4300 residential units & 1150 commercial units.

Sangini is equipped with incomparable technical excellence to create comfortable and modern
buildings with elegant designs. Its planning ensures that the customers enjoy optimum space,
natural light & ventilation, sufficient parking, long-lasting materials, modern amenities and lush
green landscapes. All these standards speak volumes about our work. Sangini has widely
appreciated for our attention to small details in each project; as well as our transparent and
convenient process for our customers.

Having a team of veteran architects, engineers and designers is a matter of pride for Sangini.
Sangini’s vision is to become a leading developer with pan India presence.

We are sharpening our strategy to be one of India's most valuable, most innovative and most
admired developers. Our goal is to be an unstoppable organization that creates enormous value
for all who holds stake and trust in us.

Sangini, believe that their customers and business acquaintances are thier most valuable assets.
Sangini’s client-centered approach, honesty and integrity in trade practice puts the group on the
summit. Sangini understand people's changing needs and aspirations. Their joy and positive
emotional response, after experiencing our products and services are our greatest achievements.

1.2 Vision & Mission

Vision

“Our Company’s vision is to become leading developer with pan India presence.”

Mission

"To upgrade living standards of the society by developing top quality projects that
meet customer's needs through honesty and integrity in trade practices."

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1.3 Projects
Completed Project

Sr Type of
Projects Location
no Project
Residential Projects
1 Swaar Sangini 4 & 5 BHK Surat-Vesu
2 Sangini Gardenia 2 & 3 BHK Surat-Jahagirabad

Commercial Projects
Retail shops &
3 Sangini Magnus Surat-Adajan
office
Textile
4 Sangini Textile Hub-A Showrooms & Surat-Kumbharia
Warehouses

Under Construction Project

Sr Type of
Projects Location
no Project
Residential projects
1 Sangini vedanta 3 BHK Surat-Vip road
2 Sangini evoq 3&4 BHK Surat-VIP road
3 Sangini swaraj 1&2 BHK Surat-Jahagirabad
4 Sangini Arise 4 | 4.5 | 5 BHK Surat-vesu
5 Sangini Terraza 4 BHK Surat-Vesu
Commercial projects
Textile Showroom
6 Sangini Textile Hub-B Surat-kumbharia
& Warehouses
Textile Showroom
7 Sangini trade centre Surat-kumbharia
& Warehouses
Showrooms &
8 Sangini Aspire Surat-Pal
Office

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1.4 ABOUT SITE
Project Name: Sangini Vedanta

Address: B/H Khatu Shyam Mandir, Off VIP Road, Surat, Gujarat - 395007

Chief Engineer: Mr. Alpesh Kevadiya

Figure 1: Satellite View

Figure 2: Elevation View

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 Figure 3 Site Layout

1.5 Purpose
Purpose of this project is to provide luxury lifestyle with design as per the Vastu for the targeted
class in Surat.

1.6 Project Overview

It is Residential project with 6 tower. It is G+13 frame structure with 2 Basement for vehicle
parking.

Sangini Vedanta by Sangini Group is one of the residential developments of Sangini Companies.
It offers spacious 3 BHK. The project is well equipped with all the amenities to facilitate the
needs of the residents.

3 BHK – Varying from 2000 Sqft to 2500 Sqft (Total Super Built Up Area)

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 Figure 4: 3 BHK Floor Plan - Tower B

Amenities

 Multi-purpose Banquet Hall

 Banquet Kitchen and Wash
 Yoga / Meditation / Aerobics
 Indoor Games
 Entrance Foyer
 Gymnasium
 Lockers
 Jogging Track
 Multi Activity Room
 Lawn Area with Seat Outs
 Swimming Pool

Key Features
 Most Prime and Convenient location from Shyam Tample
 100% Vastu Complaints Apartment
 Every Apartment is open in all 4 Directions
 18500 sqft huge Green Landscape Space

Total Project Area: 10977 Sq mtr

Project Details: Units: 6 Tower - 13 Floors – 4 Apartment each Floor – 312 Total Units

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1.7 Stakeholders of Project

Project Name SANGINI VEDANTA

Client SANGINI GROUP

Contractor HAREE STAR

Architect TATHASTU ARCHITECTS

Structural
Er JALIL A SHEIKH
Consultant
MEP Consultant
UTHOPIA GROUP
(INTERIOR)

Third Party ASHISH TECHNOCRAT PVT LTD

Third party ASHISH TECHNOCRAT PVT. LTD is as for supplier for entire project as per
required criteria.

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1.8 On Site Organizational Breakdown Structure

Mr. Alpesh Kevadiya

Chief Engineer

Mr. Denish Mr. Ketan Mr. Janak Mr. Akhilesh

Site Engineer Site Engineer Site Engineer Store

Incharge

Mr. Tarun Mr. Aadil

Site Site
Supervisor Supervisor

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 2 MATERIAL AND TOOLS SPECIFICATION

2.1 Cement
Cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and can bind other
materials together. The most important uses of cement are as an ingredient in the production
of mortar in masonry, and of concrete, a combination of cement and an aggregate form a
strong building material

Cement Detail

Description Detail
Types of cement 53 grade OPC

Manufacturer

As per IS. Code 12269/ IS: 8112

Rate par bag Rs. /- per bag With Tax
Storage Cement bagged is stored near cement store room

Weight per bag 50kg

Source From plant

Figure 5: Cement

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2.2 Aggregate
2.2.1 Coarse Aggregate

The material, which is retained on BIS test sieve no. 480, is termed as a coarse aggregate. The
broken stone i.e. kapachi is generally used as a coarse aggregate. The nature of work decides
the maximum size of the coarse aggregate. For thin slabs and walls, the maximum size of
coarse aggregate should be limited to one-third the thickness of the concrete section.

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
Type Grit
Size 10 mm
Suppliers QUARRY
Rate Rs/MT +5% GST
Storage Open Area
Mode of transport Trucks
As per IS: 383-1970

Figure 6: 10mm Aggregate

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 PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
Type Kapchi
Suppliers QUARRY
Rate Rs/ MT +5% GST
Storage Open Area
Size 20mm,6mm
Mode of transport Trucks
As per IS-10262

Figure 7: 20mm and 6mm Aggregate

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Fine Aggregate (Sand)

Construction sand and gravel is a fundamental raw material used primarily by the
construction industry. 50% sand is used to make concrete, for mixing with asphalt, as
construction fill in construction of foundation, runways, highways, dams, in plaster, mortar, and
in the production of construction materials like concrete blocks, bricks and pipes. It is also used
to make roofing shingles, on icy roads in the winter, railroad ballast, and water filtration.

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
Supplier
Fineness modulus 2 to 3
Zone II
Rate Rs/MT + 5% GST
Storage Open Area
As per IS: 2116-1965

Figure 8: Sand

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2.3 AAC Block
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete is a Lightweight, Load-bearing, High-insulating, Durable
building product, which is produced in a wide range of sizes and strengths.

AAC Blocks is lightweight and compare to the red bricks AAC blocks are three times
lighter.

AAC offers incredible opportunities to increase building quality and at the same time reduce
costs at the construction site

Advantages of AAC Block

 Eco-friendly & Sustainable
 Lightweight
 Thermally Insulated & Energy Efficient
 Fire Resistant
 Acoustic Performance
 Easy Workability and Design Flexibility
 Seismic Resistant
 Precision
 Termite/Pest Resistant
 Low Maintenance
 Faster Construction

Size of Block at site - 600mm*200mm*100mm

Figure 9: AAC Bloc

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2.4 Admixture
Chemical admixtures are the ingredients in concrete other than Portland cement, water, and
aggregate are added to the mix immediately before or during mixing. Producers use admixtures
primarily to reduce the cost of concrete construction; to modify the properties of hardened
concrete; to ensure the quality of concrete during mixing, transporting, placing, and curing; and
to overcome certain emergencies during concrete operations.

Successful use of admixtures depends on the use of appropriate methods of batching and
concreting. Most admixtures are supplied in ready-to-use liquid form and are added to the
concrete at the plant or at the jobsite. Certain admixtures, such as pigments, expansive agents,
and pumping aids are used only in extremely small amounts and are usually batched by hand
from premeasured containers.

 Product of admixture: Fosroc Nitbond SBR Latex

 Quantity of admixture: 0.8 to 0.9 % of total cement add in concrete
 For improve tensile and flexural strength they added admixture
 Rate – 300 Rs/ Ltr.

Figure 10: Admixture

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 3 Machinery and Equipment

3.1 Vibrator
Vibrator is required at site during concreting work to compaction of concrete. To expel air voids
from the concrete vibrator is used. Due to improper vibration honeycombing may occur.

Types of vibrator:

 Immersion or Needle Vibrators

 Surface Vibrators
 Vibrating Table
 Plate vibrator

At the site needle vibrator and plate vibrator is used.

Needle vibrator:

Needle vibrator is the most commonly used vibrator. For proper vibration needle keep at 90
degree to the surface. It essentially consists of a steel tube (with one end closed and rounded)
having an eccentric vibrating element inside it. This steel tube called poker is connected to an
electric motor or a diesel engine through a flexible tube. They are available in size varying from
40 to 100 mm diameter. The diameter of the poker is decided from the consideration of the
spacing between the reinforcing bars in the form-work.

The normal radius of action of an immersion vibrator is 0.50 to 1.0m. However, it would be
preferable to immerse the vibrator into concrete at intervals of not more than 600mm or 8 to 10
times the diameter of the poker.

The period of vibration required may be of the order of 30 seconds to 2 minute. The concrete
should be placed in layers not more than 600mm high.

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 Figure 12: Needle Vibrator

3.2 Concrete Mixture

A concrete mixer is a device that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate such as sand or
gravel, and water to form concrete. A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the
components.

As Sangini Vedanta does not have any fix batching plant and to maintain a high quality standard
the contract is given to ASHISH TECHNOCRAT PVT LTD to supply the concrete as per the
order received from the site.

Figure 13: Concrete mixer

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3.3 Concrete Pump
Concrete pump is either mounted on a truck or placed on a trailer, and it is commonly referred to
as a line pump or trailer-mounted concrete pump. This pump requires steel or flexible concrete
placing hoses to be manually attached to the outlet of the machine. Those hoses are linked
together and lead to wherever the concrete needs to be placed. Line pumps normally pump
concrete at lower volumes than boom pumps and are used for smaller volume concrete placing
applications such as single family home concrete slabs and most ground slabs. From the batching
plant concrete is applied at required place using pump. After concreting is done at the end of the
day Ball pass process is carried out so that pumps pipe is clean and no chances of hardening of
concrete in it.

Figure 11: Concrete Pump

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 4 Quality Control

Quality control is the part of quality management that ensures products and service comply with
requirements. It is a work method that facilitates the measurement of the quality characteristics
of a unit, compares them with the established standards, and analyses the differences between the
results obtained and the desired results in order to make decisions which will correct any
differences.

Technical specifications define the type of controls that must be carried out to ensure the
construction works are carried out correctly. They include not only products materials, but also
the execution and completion of the works.

General

On site standard concrete design require for check quality of concrete. It is very useful for
concreting.

On site:

M-25 grade concrete use for Slab and Beam

M-25 FRC grade concrete for open Slab

M-30 grade concrete use for Column

M-10 grade concrete use for P.C.C Work

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4.1 Cube Test
The tests are required to determine the strength of concrete and therefore its suitability for the
job.

Equipment & Apparatus

 Compression testing machine

 Casting cubes
 Curing tank/Accelerated curing tank

Procedure

 Representative samples of concrete shall be taken and used for casting cubes 15 cm x 15
cm x 15 m.
 The concrete shall be filled into the moulds in layers approximately 5 cm deep. It would
be distributed evenly and compacted either by vibration or by hand tamping. After the top
layer has been compacted, the surface of concrete shall be finished level with the top of
the mould using a trowel; and covered with a glass plate to prevent evaporation.
 The specimen shall be stored at site for 24 h under damp matting or sack. After that, the
samples shall be stored in clean water at approx. 270C; until the time of test.
 Specimen shall be tested immediately on removal from water and while they are still in
wet condition.

Figure 12: Concrete Cube

 The bearing surface of the testing specimen shall be wiped clean and any loose material
removed from the surface.
 The load shall be applied slowly without shock and increased continuously at a rate of
approximately 140 kg/sq.cm/min until the resistance of the specimen to the increased
load breaks down and no greater load can be sustained. The maximum load applied to the

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 specimen shall then be recorded and any unusual features noted at the time of failure
brought out in the report.

Casting cubes
As per government criteria follow for cube casting.

Volume in cubic meter Casting cubes

0-5 m3 6 cubes

6-15 m3 9 cubes

16-30 m3 12 cubes

30-50 m3 15 cubes

Calculation
Compressive strength is calculate using the following formula
Compressive strength (kg/cm2) = Wf / Ap

Where

Wf = Maximum applied load just before load, (kg)

Ap = Plan area of cube mould, (mm2)

Age Strength percent

1 day 16%

3 days 40%

7 days 65%

14 days 90%

28 days 99%

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 FIGURE 16: Compressive Testing Machine

Specified
Minimum
characteristic
Grade of compressive
compressive
Concrete strength N/mm2
strength (N/mm2) at
at 7 days
28 days
M15 10 15
M20 13.5 20
M25 17 25
M30 20 30
M35 23.5 35

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4.2 Checklist for Reinforced Cement Concrete
 Formwork checking
 Reinforcement checking
 Pre-Concreting checking
 Checking during concreting
 Post-concreting checking

Formwork Checking:

 Check supports are properly placed and fixed.

 Check width and depth/height of formwork

Reinforcement checking:

 Check steels are placed as per drawing.

 Check bars are straight or not.
 Check the diameter of bar.
 Check spacing of bar.
 Check hooks and bends are placed as specified by structural designer.
 Check the lap length is accurate.
 Check the clear cover.
 Check cover blocks are enough.
 Check the bars are rust free.
 Check the bars are crack free.
 Check the rods are tied properly with binding wire.
 Check chairs are provided or not.
 Check reinforcement bar of column should be in staggered pattern.

Pre-Concreting checking:

 Check all required materials and tools are available at site.

 If you plan to pour concrete at night, check required lighting arrangement is available.
 Check all service line (electrical, sanitary and plumbing, etc.) which go through the RCC
member are properly done.
 Check formwork supports again that those are intact and not displaced.
 Check electric pipes as per drawing in slab.

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Checking during concreting:

 Check slump for every 20 cubic meter of concrete.

 Check concrete cubes/cylinder are made for testing.
 Check concrete is collected from 3 or 4 random mixes for making concrete cube/cylinder.
 Check two carpenters are available at shuttering area to take immediate action if anything
happens.

During pouring

 Check concrete isn't being dropped from more than 5' height.
 Check vibrating is being done properly.
 Check the level of concrete surface.
 Check the finishing of concrete surface.

Post-concreting checking:

 Check curing is being done properly.

 Check formwork removal duration is followed properly.
 Test the cubes/cylinders if test result is not satisfied, the structure should be broken.

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 5 Construction Activity at Site

5.1 Foundation
A foundation is the element of an architectural structure which connects it to the ground, and
transfers loads from the structure to the ground. Foundations are generally considered either
shallow or deep. Foundation engineering is the application of soil mechanics and rock mechanics
(Geotechnical engineering) in the design of foundation elements of structures

Foundations can be categorized as:

 shallow foundations
 Deep foundations.

Shallow foundations are typically used where the loads imposed by a structure are low relative to
the bearing capacity of the surface soils. Deep foundations are necessary where the bearing
capacity of the surface soils is not adequate to support the loads imposed by a structure and so
those loads need to be transferred to deeper layers with higher bearing capacity.

Shallow foundations include

 Strip foundations (or footings).

 Pad foundations.
 Raft foundation

In this site they provide Raft Foundation.

Raft Foundation

Raft foundations (Mat Foundations) are a large concrete slab which can support a number of
columns and walls. The slab is spread out under the entire building or at least a large part of it
which lowers the contact pressure compared to the traditionally used strip or trench footings.

Raft foundations are formed by reinforced concrete slabs that cover a wide area, often the entire
footprint of a building. They spread the load imposed by a number of columns or walls over a
large area, and can be considered to ‘float’ on the ground as a raft floats on water.

They are suitable where:

 Ground conditions are poor and strip or pad foundations would require significant
excavation, for example on soft clay, alluvial deposits, and compressible fill and so on.
 Settlement or differential settlement is likely.

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  Where it may be impractical to create individual strip or pad foundations for a large
number of individual loads. In very general terms, if strip or pad foundations would cover
50% or more of the floor area, then a raft may be appropriate.

Raft foundations can be fast and inexpensive to construct, as they tend not to require deep
excavations compared to strip or pad foundations and they may use less material as they combine
the foundation with the ground slab. However, they tend to be less effective where structural
loads are focused on in a few concentrated areas.

Column

600mm RCC

RAFT

100mm PCC

Figure 13: Cross section of foundation

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Concrete Cover
Concrete cover, in reinforced concrete, is the least distance between the surface of embedded
reinforcement and the outer surface of the concrete. The concrete cover depth can be measured
with a cover meter.

Figure 14: Concrete Cover

5.2 Column, Lift Wall & Shear Wall

5.2.1 Reinforcement of Column, Lift & Shear Wall
Design and structure plans are available at site 12mm, 16mm, 20mm, 25mm, and 32mm
reinforcement bar are used for column reinforcement and 8mm reinforcement bar are used for
stirrups.

Figure 15: Reinforcement of Column, Lift Wall

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5.2.2 Mivan Shuttering
Mivan is an aluminium formwork which is also called as MIVAN Shuttering. This type of
formwork is first developed by a European construction company. Mivan technology is mostly
suitable for constructing large number of structures in a short span of time using different size
forms to construct walls and slabs in one continuous pour on concrete. Aluminum formwork is
very cost effective for repetitive Building layouts and for above the plinth work. This system is
very unique as all the components in a buildings, including slabs, beams,
walls, columns, staircases, balconies and special window hood are of concrete and there is no
need for block works or brick works. The Mivan shuttering are made available in different
shapes and sizes as per the requirement and can be reused again as per the requirement. After the
completion of work the aluminum parts can be sold back to the supplier.

*DIFFERENT PANELS OF MIVAN SHUTTERING

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5.2.3 Shuttering of Column, Lift & Shear Wall
 Before starting installation of formwork all the necessary components such as prop, plate
and panel are taken to the necessary level and base of column is cleaned.
 After the components have been taken to the desire location, the labours start erecting the
formwork.
 As mentioned earlier column formwork is made up of steel plate. Height of formwork is
similar to height of column up to the bottom of beam over it as shown in Figure.
 Steel plate is welded or fastened by bolt. Steel plate are kept vertical and then welding is
done.

Figure 16: Shuttering of Column

 The formwork is divided in two ‘L’ part.

 Before starting installation inner side of formwork is cleaned and oiled. Cover block is
also attached to the reinforcement cage.
 On each column surveyor with the help of total station gives three points. From the three
points fourth point is marked.
 Inner edge of formwork should match with point given by surveyor.

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  Now place the first side of column formwork in their position and support them by
putting inclined prop. At the end of inclined prop stakes are fastened so that formwork
side cannot move here and there.
 Put enough prop in such a way that it cannot move from their original position.
 At the bottom of formwork enough number stakes are fixed to the slab so formwork
cannot move from their position.
 Removal of formwork start by removing of inclined prop.
 After removing of inclined prop bolts are removed and both side of column formwork
also removed.
 After removing of sides, both sides are cleaned properly

5.3 Beam & Slab

5.3.1 Shuttering of Beam
 It is always good to begin the formwork for a slab and beam from the corner.
 This will help in achieving good symmetry with less trouble.
 The arrangement of a formwork is started from the existing column that is already casted.
 The slab is continuous over a number of beams. Hence formwork of slab will start from
the beam bottom.
 First the props, wooden members, plywood sheet and all other necessary accessories for
erecting the formwork system are carried to the desired location.
 The props are then erected at the location of the beam.
 After erecting the props, wooden members are then laid in a direction against the two
columns that will support the beam.
 These wooden members rest on the prop heads mounted on the props.
 Other set of wooden member is then placed in the direction perpendicular to the layer of
the wooden members already placed.
 This grid of the wooden members forms the support for the plywood sheeting.

Figure 17: Shuttering of Beam

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  Plywood sheeting is then nailed to the wooden members below. Care should be taken to
see that surface of the plywood sheeting is at exact level of beam bottom. Any variation
will cause the change in location of beam.
 After installing the plywood sheathing, the beam sides made of plywood are nailed.
Proper side supports are then put into position.

5.3.2 Shuttering of Slab

 Formwork of slab begins from the corner.

 For the formworks of slab all necessary component such as props, steel plate, wall plates,
etc. are taken to the particular level.
 After the component have been arrived at particular location labour start erecting the
formwork
 Two props with props head are first placed in a corner along the beam formwork Parallel
to these two props other two props with head are placed.
 Then wall plates are attached to the prop head and nailed.

Figure 18: Shuttering of Slab

 After the wall plates are attached, steel plate rests on wall plates at both sides.
 Now erect the further props with prop head. Put the steel plate one by one in series till we
complete the whole slab.
 Erect the next row of wall plate with prop head and go further till we complete formwork
of slab.
 The open spaces that are not covered by the steel plate are cover by the wooden planks
and wooden sheets.

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  At last, after forming faces is ready, the surface is cleaned and oiled.

5.3.3 Reinforcement Laying In Beam and Slab

 The necessary material and equipments are carried to the desire location. For this
reinforcement bars of required length already prepared (cut) by bar bender are brought to
the place.
 Reinforcement cage for beam is made at their location itself. Covers are tied up at their
bottom and then it placed at their position.
 In the case of beam, it is not possible to prepare whole beam using one bar throughout the
length because span of beam is very long so beam is prepared in parts and then lap length
of 50D (50 times the diameter) is provided for 8mm, 10mm and 12mm with binding wire.
For 16mm, 20mm, 25mm, 32mm lap joint is 300mm with binding wire.
 Both ends of the bars, which are on outer side of the beam, are bent to 90 0 angles for the
proper grip. Similarly other beams are constructed and fixed in the formwork already
arranged.

Figure 19: Reinforcement of Slab & Beam

 In one-way slab bent ups are provided in only one direction and in two way slab bent ups
are provided in both the directions.
 After arrange all the reinforcement in their position, reinforcement is tied with the help of
binding wire from one end.
 Bent up bars is bent from one end.
 The extra top bar is placed in their position and tied up with binding wire. Length of extra
top is different at different place.
 After completing reinforcement cage for beam, laying of reinforcement for slab will start.
 Before lying of reinforcement marking for spacing is to be done as per

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  After marking is done on formwork according to structural drawing main reinforcement
is laid and then distribution bars are laid according to marking.
 After completing lying of reinforcement, 25 mm cover blocks are provided and for bent
up bar support chair is provided as per Figure.
 After the reinforcement is placed, once again area is cleaned.

5.4 Staircase
5.4.1 Shuttering of Staircase
 First of all, riser is marked from reference point.
 The level of bottom of landing slab is then determined from the drawing.
 Wooden sheets for the landing slab are laid on a support of props and wooden planks.
 From a landing slab, a thin plywood member is then fixed to the adjacent concrete
wall with the help of nails.
 These wooden planks run along the length of flight.
 The shuttering of flight is then carried out.
 These horizontal planks are supported on the runners. The runners in turn are support
by props.
 Now, the level of tread and riser are marked on the adjacent wall by chalk.
 Riser forms are then placed according to the chalk marking.
 Their level and alignment is checked by spirit level. If the bubble in spirit level is in
the center then the alignment is correct.
 The bottom forms for the flight rests on horizontal member provided at regular
spacing.

Figure 20: Formwork of Staircase

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  All the vertical wooden members are connected by a wooden plank in the center and
nailed.
5.4.2 Reinforcement Arrangement
 For main reinforcement 12mm diameter bars are used and for distribution 8mm diameter
bars are used.
 First of all, the reinforcement laying for the landing slab is carried out as per drawing.
 Pull out bar from slab and are straightened.
 Bottom bars are laid according to the drawing. Approximately 50D overlap is to at
bottom and so there is no top reinforcement in the middle portion of the flight.
 Main reinforcement and distribution bars laid first and the chairs and covers are provided

Figure 21: Reinforcement of Staircase

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5.5 Post tensioning
Post tensioning is a technique for reinforcing concrete. Post-tensioning tendons, which are
prestressing steel cables inside plastic ducts or sleeves, are positioned in the forms before the
concrete is placed. Afterwards, once the concrete has gained strength but before the service loads
are applied, the cables are pulled tight, or tensioned, and anchored against the outer edges of the
concrete.

5.6 Concreting
After completion of shuttering and
reinforcement lying concreting is main
activity. In R.C.C reinforcement resist
tension force while concrete take
compression force. Concrete is a product
obtain by hardening of the mixture of
cement, Fly ash, aggregate, sand and water.
When these ingredients are mixed they form
a plastic mass, which can be poured in
suitable mould called forms. At our site
RMC (Ready Mixed Concrete) was used.

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 KG M20 M25 M30 M35 M40
Cement 260 380 320 375 390
Fly ash 90 100 110 90 90
Sand 248 345 238 325 325
Tech sand 477 345 454 370 370
20mm Agg. 764 650 708 750 750
10mm Agg. 420 425 403 326 326
Water 160 175 170 170 170
Admixture 2 3.1 2.5 3 3.3

Sr. no. Tools Uses

1 Phawrah (Spade)
2 Panjo
3 Muster, wooden float
4 ‘L’ shape bar
5 Rope
6 Trowel
7 Hammer
To pull the concreter
To level the concrete
To give smooth surface to concrete
To measure thickness of slab
To lift the Hume pipe
To give smooth surface
To fastened clamp.

5.6.1 Concreting For Column

 M 35 & 40 grade of concrete is used for column.
 After completing of shuttering for column concreting can be start.
 Tamping of concrete should be done continuously in order to avoid air voids.
 Concrete is transported by pump to the desire level.
 Heap of concrete is created, this concrete is lifted using Phawrah and bucket and
unloaded into column formwork.
 Vibration of concrete will lead to level of concrete surface.
 Compaction of concrete is done with the help of 40mm diameter needle vibrator for both
lift wall and column.

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 Figure 22: Concreting of Column

5.6.2 Concreting For Beam & Slab

 Before starting concreting clean all dust and piece of paper.
 M 25 grade of concrete is used.
 After completing inspection for shuttering and reinforcement, Concreting can be start.
 For cleaning purpose cement slurry is passed and then concrete is passed.

Figure 23: Concreting of Slab & Beam

 Concreting for beam and slab start from one corner of slab. Concrete is placed at desire
place and then it lifted by Phawrah. Meanwhile vibrator is also start hence concrete get
settled.
 In beam and slab the placement of concrete is done in such a way that not a single corner
remain without concrete and easy exit for labor.
 Finally muster or wooden float is used for give a smooth finish to the concrete.

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5.6.3 Concreting For Staircase
 The dust particle and other remains are cleaned.
 Concreting for staircase is carried out along with the concreting of slab.
 RMC of M 25 is used.
 Concrete pour for staircase is done from the top of stairs.
 Treads are left open to permit the filling of concrete.
 The concrete is poured from the top of the stairs and allowed to flow till the bottom
 Concrete is poured till all the risers are completely filled.
 The extra concrete from the bottom is collected in a bucket and poured at the location
with less concrete.
 Both the flights are casted at same time.
 Compaction is done with the help of 40mm diameter vibrator.
 Leveling is done with the help of trowel.
 The concrete so placed and allowed to set

5.7 Compaction and Leveling

 After concreting is placed at desire location, compaction is done with the help of high
frequency vibrators.
 Vibrator help in pushing the concrete to the end corners.
 After the concrete is properly compacted, leveling is done by the labors with the help of
trowel,
 A check on the depth of the concrete placed is also kept with the help of steel rod with
the marking of steel rod.
 The final leveling of the concrete surface is done by the labor with the help of the
wooden float.

5.7.1 Curing For Beam and Slab

Pond is created on periphery of slab with the help of wet sand. Sometimes lime/cement is also
mixed with sand water mix. To make pond on periphery wooden plank is used. This pond is
filled up with water for two to three days.

5.7.2 Curing for Column, Lift Wall & Shear Wall

For column and retaining wall water is spread with the help of water pipe. Curing for column
and retaining wall is done for seven days.

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 6 SAFETY

6.1 Job Safety Analysis for the site

Responsible
Activity Hazard Cause Person and Prevention
Authority
Foremen & site
Scaffolding & Falling Material & Absence of safety Provide safety net
engineer/
Formwork Workers net & harness and harness
Supervisor
Labours & site
Cuts and scratches Absence of safety Provide Safety
Laying of R/F Bar engineer/
in hand gloves gloves to labour
Supervisor
Damage of Keeping steel & Site engineer/ Store in closed
Inventory Storage
Materials sand in open area Supervisor area

6.2 Unsafe Act Reported At Site

 No safety shoes
 No helmet during work
 Work at height without full body Harness

Figure 24: Unsafe Act

6.3 Following Sign Boards should be present at site

 Danger Signs
 Caution Signs
 Exit Signs
 Safety Instructional Signs
 Directional Signs
 Accident Prevention tag

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 Figure 25: Safety Tags

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 7 General Observations and Recommendations
Observations
 The project is well planned keeping the resource and labor availability in
consideration, so there is little or no delay as present.
 Even the space availability is limited the materials such as sand, aggregates, steel and
cement are well kept.
 Lift is used at site to limit the labor usage which in turn curbs the labor costs (one of the
major costs the project insures) and time.
 The construction site layout is well planned in spite of the limited space
availability.
 The contractors have provided the best facilities for labor. i.e. huts and the sanitary
requirements for labors
 Safety standards are followed by the people working at sites as per the standards.
 There is good coordination between the client engineers and contractor engineer at site
which is a good sign for the smooth completion of the work.
 PROGRESS REPORT is updated weekly or monthly.
 All the machineries are well maintained with proper lubrication. 

Recommendations
 Minimize the wastages
 Company should strictly follow the safety rules.
 Safety Equipment’s should strictly adhered.
 Safety officer/Engineer should be appointed.
 Safety should be the prime concern for the company. TOOL BOX MEETING should be
done on regular basis
 Strict care to be taken during the concreting work to maintain the homogeneity of
concrete throughout its pour.
 Although SANGINI should uses the softwares like ERP, MSP AND PRIMAVERA for
the proper planning of their projects, so that monitoring, reporting and scheduling of the
projects can be done easily. 
 Use of VIBRATORS during concreting should be done more precisely and properly
 IS codes should be followed for different activities
.

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 8 Conclusion
The internship is a bridge between the theoretical knowledge and the practical or the reality
work at the field of construction or civil engineering work.

This program played an important role to break the conventional thought that field works can be
only implemented by students who hold a degree or people who have an experience in building
construction. We were able to acquire a high level of confidence to deal with problems that arise
in a building construction.

Overall the internship program laid sound foundation for us to start our career. We are proud to
be able to contribute towards nation building during the country's extremely critical period of
the history. It will be definitely sensible to scale this practice up and to replicate in other
disciplines as well.

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