Beam Deflections Using Double Integration

Steven Vukazich
San Jose State University
Recall the Moment-Curvature Relationship
for Small Deformations
y 𝑑𝑦
𝜃 𝑥 =
w 𝑑𝑥 P
M
x
𝑦 𝑥

In order to solve this differential

equation for y and 𝜃 we need:
𝑑" 𝑦 𝑀 • Moment equation (from statics);
"
=
𝑑𝑥 𝐸𝐼 • Two boundary (or continuity)
conditions on y or 𝜃;
• Information on E and I.
 Example Problem

y w

A
B x
𝑦 𝑥
L Modulus of Elasticity = E
Moment of Inertia = I

Find the equation of the elastic curve for the simply

supported beam subjected to the uniformly distributed
load using the double integration method. Find the
maximum deflection. EI is constant.
 Free Body Diagram of the Beam

Need to find the moment function M(x)

y w

A
Ax B x
Ay By
L
 Free Body Diagram of the Beam
1
𝑤𝐿
y 2
w

A B
Ax x
2
𝐿
Ay 3 By
L

+ 0 𝑀1 = 0

1
𝐵; = 𝑤𝐿
3
 Free Body Diagram of the Beam
1
𝑤𝐿
y 2
w

A
Ax
2
B x
𝐿
Ay 3 By
L

+ 0 𝐹; = 0

+ 1
0 𝐹? = 0 𝐴; = 𝑤𝐿
6
 Free Body Diagram of the Beam
Showing Known Reactions
y w
a

A
B x
1 a 1
𝑤𝐿 𝑤𝐿
6 3
L

Cut the beam at a-a to find the

moment function M(x)
Free Body Diagram of Segment to the Left of a–a
𝑤 1 𝑤 𝑤 "
𝑤= 𝑥 𝑅= 𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑥
𝐿 2 𝐿 2𝐿
a a

M M

1
a V 1 2 1
a V + 0 𝑀A = 0
𝑤𝐿 𝑥
𝑤𝐿 6 3
𝑥
6 3

x x

𝑤𝐿 𝑤 C
𝑀= 𝑥− 𝑥
6 6𝐿
Need Two Boundary Conditions on y or 𝜃

y w

A
B x
𝑦 𝑥
L Modulus of Elasticity = E
Moment of Inertia = I

𝑦 0 =0
𝑦 𝐿 =0
 Solve the Differential Equation

y w

A
B x
𝑦 𝑥
L Modulus of Elasticity = E
Moment of Inertia = I
For constant EI
𝑑" 𝑦 𝑀 𝑑" 𝑦 𝑦 𝐿 =0
"
= 𝐸𝐼 =𝑀
𝑑𝑥 𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥 " 𝑦 0 =0

𝑑 " 𝑦 𝑤𝐿 𝑤 C 𝑤𝐿 𝑤 C
𝐸𝐼 " = 𝑥− 𝑥 𝑀= 𝑥− 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 6 6𝐿 6 6𝐿
 First Integration
𝑑 " 𝑦 𝑤𝐿 𝑤 C
𝐸𝐼 " = 𝑥− 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 6 6𝐿
𝑑"𝑦 𝑤𝐿 𝑤 C
D 𝐸𝐼 " 𝑑𝑥 = D 𝑥− 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 6 6𝐿

𝑑𝑦 𝑤 F 𝑤𝐿 "
𝐸𝐼 =− 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝐶H
𝑑𝑥 24𝐿 12

𝑤 F 𝑤𝐿 "
𝐸𝐼𝜃 = − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝐶H
24𝐿 12
 Second Integration
𝑑𝑦 𝑤 F 𝑤𝐿 "
𝐸𝐼 =− 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝐶H
𝑑𝑥 24𝐿 12

𝑑𝑦 𝑤 F 𝑤𝐿 "
D 𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥 = D − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝐶H 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 24𝐿 12

𝑤 I
𝑤𝐿 C
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝐶H 𝑥 + 𝐶"
120𝐿 36

Use the two boundary conditions to find C1 and C2

𝑦 0 =0

𝑦 𝐿 =0
 Find Constants C1 and C2
𝑤 I
𝑤𝐿 C
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝐶H 𝑥 + 𝐶" 𝑦 0 =0
120𝐿 36
𝑤 I
𝑤𝐿 C
𝐸𝐼 0 = − 0 + 0 + 𝐶H 0 + 𝐶"
120𝐿 36
𝑤 I
𝑤𝐿 C
𝐸𝐼 0 = − 0 + 0 + 𝐶H 0 + 𝐶"
120𝐿 36
𝐶" = 0
𝑤 I
𝑤𝐿 C
𝐸𝐼 0 = − 𝐿 + 𝐿 + 𝐶H 𝐿 + 𝐶" 𝑦 𝐿 =0
120𝐿 36

𝑤𝐿C 𝑤𝐿C 7𝑤𝐿C

𝐶H = − =−
120 36 360
 Functions for y and 𝜃
C
𝑤 𝑤𝐿 7𝑤𝐿
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = − 𝑥I + 𝑥C − 𝑥
120𝐿 36 360

𝑤 F 𝑤𝐿 " 7𝑤𝐿C
𝐸𝐼𝜃 = − 𝑥 + 𝑥 −
24𝐿 12 360
C
1 𝑤 𝑤𝐿 7𝑤𝐿
𝑦 𝑥 = − 𝑥I + 𝑥C − 𝑥
𝐸𝐼 120𝐿 36 360

1 𝑤 F 𝑤𝐿 " 7𝑤𝐿C
𝜃 𝑥 = − 𝑥 + 𝑥 −
𝐸𝐼 24𝐿 12 360
 Functions for y and 𝜃

y w

A
B x
𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝜃 𝑥 =
L 𝑑𝑥 Modulus of Elasticity = E
Moment of Inertia = I
C
1 𝑤 𝑤𝐿 7𝑤𝐿
𝑦 𝑥 = − 𝑥I + 𝑥C − 𝑥
𝐸𝐼 120𝐿 36 360

1 𝑤 F 𝑤𝐿 " 7𝑤𝐿C
𝜃 𝑥 = − 𝑥 + 𝑥 −
𝐸𝐼 24𝐿 12 360
 Questions
y w
Modulus of Elasticity = E
Moment of Inertia = I

A
B x
𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝜃 𝑥 =
L 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑤 I
𝑤𝐿 C 7𝑤𝐿C
𝑦 𝑥 = − 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 𝑥
𝐸𝐼 120𝐿 36 360

1 𝑤 F 𝑤𝐿 " 7𝑤𝐿C
𝜃 𝑥 = − 𝑥 + 𝑥 −
𝐸𝐼 24𝐿 12 360

How can we find the maximum displacement?

Where does the maximum displacement occur?
How can we find the rotation at the supports?
 Answers
y w
Modulus of Elasticity = E
𝜃 0 Moment of Inertia = I

𝜃 𝐿
A
B x
𝑦max
? 𝜃=0

L
1 𝑤 I
𝑤𝐿 C 7𝑤𝐿C
𝑦 𝑥 = − 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 𝑥
𝐸𝐼 120𝐿 36 360

1 𝑤 F 𝑤𝐿 " 7𝑤𝐿C
𝜃 𝑥 = − 𝑥 + 𝑥 −
ymax occurs where 𝜃 = 0 𝐸𝐼 24𝐿 12 360

𝜃A is 𝜃(0)
𝜃B is 𝜃(L)
 Point Where Maximum Deflection Occurs
Set 𝜃 = 0

1 𝑤 F 𝑤𝐿 " 7𝑤𝐿C
𝜃 𝑥 = − 𝑥 + 𝑥 − =𝟎
𝐸𝐼 24𝐿 12 360

TUV
Let 𝑞 = 𝑥 " Multiply both sides by
W

1 " 𝐿" 7𝐿F −𝑏 ± 𝑏 " − 4𝑎𝑐

− 𝑞 + 𝑞− =𝟎 𝑞=
24 12 360 2𝑎

𝐿" 𝐿F 1 7𝐿F
− ± −4 − − 𝐿F 1 7𝐿F 1
12 144 24 360 "
𝑞= = 𝐿 ± 12 − = 𝐿" ± 12𝐿"
1 144 6 360 270
2 −
24

1 1 𝟏
𝑞 = 𝐿" ± 4𝐿" = 1+4 ,𝟏 − 𝟒 𝐿" 1
30 30 𝟑𝟎 𝑥= 1−4 𝐿 = 0.51893𝐿
30
 Maximum Deflection
y w
Modulus of Elasticity = E
𝜃 0 Moment of Inertia = I

𝜃 𝐿
A
B x
𝑦max
𝜃=0

L
1
1−4 𝐿 = 0.51893𝐿
30

1 𝑤 I
𝑤𝐿 C
7𝑤𝐿C 𝑤𝐿F
𝑦max = − 0.5193𝐿 + 0.5193𝐿 − 0.5193𝐿 = −0.006522
𝐸𝐼 120𝐿 36 360 𝐸𝐼
 Slope at Supports
y w
𝜃 0

𝜃 𝐿
A
B x

Modulus of Elasticity = E
L Moment of Inertia = I

1 7𝑤𝐿C 7𝑤𝐿C 𝑤𝐿C

𝜃1 = 𝜃 0 = − =− = −0.01944
𝐸𝐼 360 360𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼

1 𝑤 F 𝑤𝐿 " 7𝑤𝐿C 𝑤𝐿C 𝑤𝐿C

𝜃` = 𝜃 𝐿 = − 𝐿 + 𝐿 − = = 0.02222
𝐸𝐼 24𝐿 12 360 45𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
Compare to Tabulated Solution in AISC Manual

1
𝑊= 𝑤𝐿
2