केंद्रीय भूमम जल बोर्ड

जऱ संसाधन, नदी विकास और गंगा संरऺण मंत्राऱय

भारत सरकार
Central Ground Water Board
Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga
Rejuvenation
Government of India

Report
on

AQUIFER MAP AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

Sivsagar District, Assam

उत्तर ऩूिी ऺेत्र, गुिाहाटी

North Eastern Region, Guwahati
 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT &

GANGA REJUVENATION

CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD

NER GUWAHATI

REPORT ON
AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN OF
AMGURI, SIVSAGAR AND NAZIRA BLOCKS,
SIVSAGAR DISTRICT
ASSAM
(AAP 2016-17)
 Preface
Under National Aquifer Mapping and Management Plan (NAQUIM) programme, Central
Ground Water Board, CGWB NER has carried out aquifer mapping and management plan in
Amguri, Sivsagar and Nazira Blocks, SIvsagar district of Assam. The objective was to
understand the aquifer system down to the depth of 200 meters, decipher the aquifer
geometry, its characteristics, quantity, quality and formulate a complete sustainable and
effective management plan for ground water development in the study area.

A multi disciplinary approach of geology, geophysics, hydrology and chemistry was adopted
to achieve the objectives of the study.And also with the help of Agricultural Scientists, a
management plan was made.

This report elaborates the different aquifer system prevailing in the study area, its
characteristics and also provides the different scientific data which will help in proposing
plans to achieve drinking water security, irrigation facilities etc through sustainable ground
water development.

The groundwater management plan was made with an emphasis in providing irrigation
facilities through ground water development as agriculture is the main means of livelihood of
the people in the district which covers about 60% of the total population.To use the
groundwater for irrigation purpose, a cropping plan has been designed for the district by
using CROPWAT model developed by FAO. All the necessary input to design a cropping
plan was made with the help Agricultural Engineer of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat.

The study of this Aquifer mapping and management plan of Amguri, Sivsagar and Nazira
Blocks, Sivsagar district of Assam was carried out under the supervision of Dr. Utpal Gogoi
,Shri Tapan Chakraborty-Senior Hydrogeologist (Sc-D),Nodal officer of NAQUIM, NER,
Shri Biplab Ray- Senior Hydrogeologist (Sc-D) who has helped in all the aspects of field
work, technical inputs, report preparation and management plan.

I hope this report will help the stake holders, planners, policy makers, professionals,
academicians and researchers dealing with water resources or ground water resources
management.
 CONTENTS

Page no.

1. Introduction 1-8
1.1 Objectives 1
1.2 Approach and methodology 1-2
1.2.1 Data Generation
1.2.2 Aquifer Map Preparation
1.3 Area Details 2-4
1.4 Drainage 4-5
1.5 Rainfall distribution 6
1.6 Soil 6
1.7 Geomorphology 6-7
1.8 land and landuse pattern 7-8
1.9 Irrigation 7-8
1.10 Crops 8 -9

2. Data Collection and Generation 10-11

2.1 Depth to Water Level 10
2.2 Ground Water Exploration 10
2.3 Geophysical studies 10-11
2.4 Ground water quality 11
3. Data interpretation, integration and aquifer mapping 12-20
3.1 Depth to water level 12
3.2 Ground Water Exploration 13
3.3 Hydrogeology and Occurrences of Ground Water 13-14
3.3a Occurrences of Ground Water in Shallow Aquifers
3.3b Occurrences of Ground Water in Deeper Aquifers
3.4 Geophysical studies 15
3.5 Aquifer Geometry 16-17
3.5 Ground water quality 18-19
3.6 Soil Infiltration studies- 19-20
 4. Ground water resources 21
5. Ground water related issues 22
6. Management strategies 23-29
References
Annexures

Figures
Fig 1: Base map of the study area

Fig 2: Drainage map

Fig 3: Average monthly rainfall and yearly rainfall variations in and around the study area
Fig 4: Geomorphological Map
Fig 5: Pre-monsoon Depth to water level map
Fig 6: Post-monsoon Depth to water level map
Fig 7: Water table contour map
Fig 8: Geological Map
Fig 9: Hydrogeological Map
Fig 10: Vertical Electrical Sounding (V.E.S)
Fig 11: Panel Diagram
Fig 12: Panel Diagram (Aquifer disposition along EW –SW direction)
Fig 13: Concentration of Iron in Ground Water, Sivsagar District

Fig 14: Location of Soil Infiltration Studies

ABBREVIATION
AAP Annual Action Plan
CGWB Central Ground Water Board
NER North Eastern Region
NAQUIM National Aquifer Mapping and Management Plan
GL Ground Level
IMD Indian Meteorological Department
LPM Litres per minute
LPS Litres per second
m metre
mbgl meters below ground level
MCM Million Cubic Meter
Mm Milli meter
mg/l milligram/litre
m amsl Metre above mean sea level
Sq.Km Square Kilometre
μS/cm Microsimens/centimetre
AMP Aquifer Management Plan
AQM Aquifer Mapping
BIS Bureau of Indian Standards
BDL Below detectable level
BCM Billion Cubic Metres
DGM Directorate of Geology and Mining
DTW Depth to water table
DW Dug Well
BW Bore well
EC Electrical Conductivity
EW Exploratory Well
GEC Ground water Estimation Committee
Ha Hectare
Ham Hectare meter
Km Kilometer
MP Measuring Point
OW Observation Well
°C Degree Celsius
Ppm Parts per million equivalents to mg/l
Pz Piezometer
SWL Static water level
TDS Total dissolved solid
1. INTRODUCTION

Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region has carried out Aquifer mapping
and prepared management plan in Amguri, Sivasagar and Nazira Blocks of Sivasagar
District, Assam during AAP 2016-17,covering an area of 700 sq.km. Under National Aquifer
Mapping and Management (NAQUIM) program, combination of geologic, geophysical,
hydrologic and hydro-chemical information is applied to characterize the quantity, quality
and sustainability of aquifers. Systematic aquifer mapping will improve our understanding of
the geologic framework of aquifers, their hydrogeological characteristics, quality and also
quantifying the available ground water resources and proposing plans appropriate to the scale
of demand and the institutional arrangements for management. Aquifer mapping in
appropriate scale can help to prepare, implement and monitor the efficacy of various
management interventions aimed for long-term sustainability of precious ground water
resources. It will, in turn, help to achieve drinking water security, improved irrigation
facilities and sustainability in development of water resources.

1.1 Objectives: During AAP 2016-17, as part of National Aquifer Mapping Programme,
parts of the Tertiary aquifer and the unconsolidated alluvial aquifer of Sivasagar district
covering an area of 700 sq.km was taken for study.

The objective of the study can be defined as follows:

a) to define the aquifer geometry, type of aquifers, ground water regime behaviours,
hydraulic characteristics and geochemistry of aquifer systems in 1:50,000 scale
and
b) Existing scenario of groundwater regime in shallow/deep aquifer
c) To work out a management plan for sustainable development of ground water.

1.2. Approach and methodology: The approach is to identify the principal aquifers and to
conceptualize the aquifer system. This will help to formulate an aquifer management plan.
Finally the scientific knowledge will be disseminated to farmers, State government and stake
holders.

The methodology can be illustrated as follows:

Data compilation and data gap analysis: The preliminary works consisted of collection and
review of all existing hydrogeological and exploration data of CGWB and State Groundwater

1
Departments. All data were plotted in the base map on GIS Platform (MapInfo-6.5) using
Projection category latitude/ longitude (Indian for Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal
projection). On the basis of available data, data gaps were identified.

1.2.1 Data Generation: Efforts were made to fill the data gaps by multiple activities such as
exploratory drilling, geophysical techniques, hydro-geochemical analysis, water level
monitoring, yield tests and soil infiltration studies.

1.2.2 Aquifer Map Preparation: Based on integration of data generated from aforesaid
studies, aquifers have been delineated and characterized in terms of quality and potential.
Various maps have been prepared bringing out Characterization of Aquifers, which can be
termed as Aquifer maps providing spatial variation (lateral & vertical) with reference to
aquifer extremities, quality, water level, potential and vulnerability (quality & quantity).

Aquifer Management Plan Formulation: Based on aquifer map and analysis of present
requirement and future demand, a sustainable development plan of the aquifer is formulated.

1.3 Area Details: The area chosen for aquifer mapping is bounded by 94030’E to 94060’E
longitude and 26045’N to 270000’N latitude. The area is included in Survey of India topo
sheet numbers 83G/5,9 and 83F/8.

Table 1: Administrative area

S. N. Toposheet District CD Block No. of villages
number
1 83G/5 &G/9
Sivasagar 129

Sivasagar Nazira
2 83G/9 &F/8 34

3 83F/8 Amguri 17

2
Fig 1: Base map of the study area

3
 The district of Sivasagar covers an area of 2,668 sq km. The total population of the
district, as per 2011 Census is 11,50,253 with 5,89,454 male and 5,60,799 females.

The study area is bounded on the north by the Brahmaputra river and the Naga-Patkai
ranges towards the south. The area can be divided into two broad divisions i.e., the low lying
areas characterised by marshy places as "Char" and "Beel" area which generally get flooded
every year. Being a high rainfall area, the district is characterised by thick and luxurious
growth of vegetation. The "Char" areas are cultivated during the "Rabi" season. The other
parts of the district consist of plain areas. Important crops grown are paddy, pulses,
sugarcane, mustard and wheat. The soils are generally sandy loam in the northern flood plain
and silty to clayey loam in the southern part. These soils are characteristically different in
colours, being grey in case of sandy loam and yellowish brown in case of silty and clayey
type.

1.4 Drainage:

The Brahmaputra forms the principal drainage system along with its tributaries
mainly Dikhu and Jhanzi originating in the Naga Patkai range and drain the district. The two
rivers are having numerous streams in the southern part. The rivers have a highly meandering
course. These meandering rivers with abandoned channels form beels and ox-bow lakes
along their courses. The rivers of the area represent dendritic and trellis to sub-parallel
drainage pattern. A number of physiographic features like oxbow lakes, cut off chutes,
meander scrolls, point bars etc. occur in the area. The general slope of the area is from
southeast to northwest to which the drainage pattern also conforms. The general elevation of
the plain area varies from 85 to 100m above mean sea level and gradually rises to 128 to 150
m towards south and southeast.

4
 .

Figure 2: Drainage map of the study area

1.5 Rainfall-spatial, temporal and secular distribution:

The average annual rainfall in Sivasagar District, Assam is 1400 to 2400 mm. Most
of the rainfall is received under the influence of SW monsoon which starts in May and lasts
till September to mid-October. Maximum rainfall is recorded in the month of July and
minimum in the month of January. Rainfall variations in the district is graphically illustrated
in Fig. 3.

5
Fig 3 : Average monthly rainfall and yearly rainfall variations in and around the study area

1.6 Soil:- The soils of this district can be broadly classified into three types viz., the foothill/
piedmont zone soils, active flood plain soils near the river Brahmaputra and the low-lying
marshy land soils.
Commonly foothill/Piedmont zone soil is highly acidic. However, new alluvial soils
formed due to inundation of land by river contain more percentages of fine sand and fine silt
and are less acidic. Such soils are often neutral and even alkaline in character. The rest large
expanse of low-lying land is characterized by heavy clay soil, which shows high percentage
of nitrogen. This clay rich soil is very fertile and good for rice cultivation.

6
1.7 Geomorphology: - Geomorphologically the area can be classified mainly into four
divisions: naturals levees, channel island, younger and older alluvial plain , piedmont zone.
Southern part of the study area is covered by Piedmont zone. The piedmont zone is gravel
dominated while alluvial plain and the flood plain area are comprised of mixture of sand and
silt in varying proportions. The alluvial flood plain consists of younger and older alluvial
deposits. It represents various sub-features, viz., palaeochannel, swampy/marshy land, river
terraces, flood plains, point bars, channel island and river channel (Fig: 4).

1.8 Landuse pattern:-

Land utilization statistics provide detailed information of the land use pattern in the
area. Based on the land utilization, the total area divided into various types of landforms such
as forest, cultivable land, fallow land, crop area etc. which in turn reflects the degree of
development of agricultural activities and cultivation potential. The land utilization statistics
of the Sivsagar district is presented in Table-2.

7
Table 2: Land use Pattern in Sivasagar District, (2011-12)

SI. No Land put to different uses Area in ha

1 Total Geographical area 260290
2 Forest area 30465
3 Land not available for cultivation 56151
a. Land put to non-agricultural uses 48815
b. Barren and un-cultural land 7336
4 Other non-cultivated land excluding fallow land 29211
5 Fallow land 7641
6 Net sown area 136822
7 Total cropped area 146734
8 Area sown more than once 9912
Source: District Census Handbook Sivsagar, Govt. of Assam.

1.9 Irrigation: Cultivators of the district are mainly dependent on rainfall but rainfall being
unevenly distributed, they also resort to indigenous methods of irrigation such as lifting of
water by means of swing bucket .To meet the demands of the agriculturists for a regular
supply of water some irrigation schemes are undertaken by the government.

The district receives sufficient amount of rain during monsoon season but the major
crops like paddy, jute, sugarcane etc. have to depend on some other sources of water during
the major part of the year. The system of Jan or dong (a canal) to irrigate paddy field by
constructing small canals is still in practice in some part of the district. Some minor irrigation
projects like construction of bunds across the streams and rivulets, drainage channels and silt
channels etc. are implemented in the district by the Government. Lift irrigation with electric
pump-sets has also been operated in some parts of the district. The diesel generators are also
used to lift water and water the paddy fields.

1.10 Crops: Tea, Paddy, Sugar cane, vegetables and to some extent fruits are the main
crops, grown in old alluvial soils of the district as the soil conditions being suitable for these
crops. Rice is the principal food crop of the district. Crop wise area and its production in the
district, yield etc. during 2011-2012 are presented in Table No3.

8
Table 3: Area and Production of important crops in Sivasagar district for the year 2011-2012

Types of Crop Area under cultivation Production

(hectare) (Tones)
A – Cereals
1 Autumn Paddy 62 90
Winter Paddy 96696 328063
Summer Paddy 336 1475
Wheat 18 22
B-Miscellaneous
Matikalai 239 134
Jute 43 398
Rape & Mustard 1455 437
Potato 1059 6633
96 3597
Source: District Census Hand book Sivsagar, Govt. of Assam.

9
2. Data Collection and Generation
The preliminary works consisted of collection and review of all existing hydrogeological
and exploration data of CGWB and State Groundwater Departments. All data were plotted in
base map on GIS Platform (MapInfo-6.5 using Projection category longitude/latitude (Indian
for Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal projection).

2.1 Depth to Water Level:

Study of water level and its behavior both in phreatic and confined conditions were
carried out in the aquifer mapping area. Sixteen Dug wells were established as key wells for
periodical monitoring to know the water level trend and its behaviour in phreatic condition.
The depth to water level in these dug wells ranges from 0.93 to 6.5 m bgl during pre-
monsoon and 0.54 to 3.5 m bgl during post-monsoon season and the average water level
fluctuation is 0.60 m.(Fig. No. 5 & 6)

2.2 Ground Water Exploration:-

Ground water exploration has been carried out in parts of Amguri, Sivsagar and
Nazira Blocks of Sivsagar district to delineate the potential aquifers and their geometry and
to determine the hydrogeological parameters of the aquifer systems. Maximum discharge of
45 m3/hr has been found at IIT Gargaon Exploratory well and minimum discharge of
36m3/hr has been found at Haluating Exploratory well (EW). Details of the exploratory wells
are given in Annexure No-02 and location of the EW are presented in Fig. No. 7.

2.3 Geophysical studies:-

Surface Geophysical studies in the study area were carried out during AAP -2016-17
to delineate the subsurface geology as well as supplement the data gap under the assignment
of Aquifer Mapping.VES of 43 Nos. were conducted with maximum available electrode
spread (AB) of 600 m as part of electrical prospecting. The detail results are given in
Annexures-3 to 7. The locations of the VES carried out are given in Table No.4.

10
 Table No. 4: Locations of V.E.S Points in Sibsagar District, Assam

VES Location/ Depth Hard rock/ Latitude Longitude Remarks

NO Village (m) Soft Rock (N) (E)
1 Betbari 281.6 Soft rock 27.02 94.65 Unconsolida
2 Betbari 117.3 Soft rock 27.02 94.65 ted
3 Gohaingaon 274.2 Soft rock 27.02 94.64 formation
4 Demowmukh Gaon 263 Soft rock 27.06 94.61 encountered
5 Panbecha 14.36 Soft rock 27.02 94.60 uoto a depth
6 Panbechagaon 129 Soft rock 27.04 94.60 of 321 m
7 Kunworgaon 162 Soft rock 27.00 94.60
8 Kunworpur tepatola 250 Soft rock
Gohaingaon 27.00 94.56
9 Panbecha laopochagaon 80.1 Soft rock 27.02 94.54
10 Metongnogdali 102 Soft rock 26.95 94.52
11 Dulia 121 Soft rock 26.96 94.48
12 ThekeraTal 204 Soft rock 26.97 94.47
13 Hatighuli Silpukhuri 255 Soft rock 26.93 94.49
14 Bejgaon 142 Soft rock 26.93 94.54
15 Rudrasagar 255 Soft rock 26.96 94.60
16 Mograghatchangmari 117 Soft rock 26.94 94.59
17 Mograhatnamtial 251 Soft rock 26.90 94.64
18 Namti Charali 160 Soft rock 26.86 94.58
19 Hatimurigaon 92 Soft rock 26.99 94.68
20 Bhadhorgaon 225 Soft rock 27.00 94.70
21 Kalugaon 48.7 Soft rock 26.60 94.63
22 Kulakotiagaon 194.8 Soft rock 26.97 94.66
23 Lahongaon 194.8 Soft rock 26.92 94.66
24 Mathiyasiga 255 Soft rock 26.93 94.69
25 Metekaborali 84 Soft rock 26.96 94.66
26 Kohiyagaon 161 Soft rock 26.87 94.67
27 Bogisaparigaon 161 Soft rock 26.84 94.70
28 Namati 218 Soft rock 26.93 94.72
29 Mangaon 149 Soft rock 26.97 94.72
30 Manipurigaon 12 Soft rock 26.96 94.69
31 Vedbari2 no. daogaon 152 Soft rock 27.03 94.71
32 Bogtakhamu 211 Soft rock 27.04 94.74
33 Athabarihilodarigaon 172 Soft rock 27.09 94.74
34 Pahelilanka 81.4 Soft rock 26.95 94.74
35 Vedbari 2 no. kunworgaon 214 Soft rock 27.02 94.68
36 Babjan 154 Soft rock 26.95 94.55
37 Badabamchetiyagaon 158 Soft rock 26.77 94.53
38 Bhunyahat 228 Soft rock 26.83 94.52
39 Diksumoutgaon 225 Soft rock 26.87 94.61
40 Badabam 125 Soft rock 26.83 94.69
41 Hatighuligaon 228 Soft rock 26.94 94.50
42 Hatighuligaon 2 no. 259 Soft rock 26.93 94.48
43 Tipomiyagaon 321.1 Soft rock 26.94 94.45

11
2.4 Ground water quality:-
To know the water quality of the study area, water sampling was done from shallow
aquifers. Water samples were collected from the key wells that were established during 2016-
17. A total of 15 water samples were collected from dug wells during pre monsoon and 13
samples were collected during post monsoon period. The samples were analyzed for the
different chemical constituents in the Regional chemical laboratory of CGWB, NER
Guwahati.

12
3. Data Interpretation, Integration and Aquifer Mapping-
3.1 Depth to Water Level -
To study about the ground water regime, depth to water level from 15 key wells have been
measured seasonally. During post-monsoon water levels (W.L.) have been found in the range of 0.32
to 1.98 m bgl and during pre-monsoon water level ranged from 0.31 to 2.06 m bgl. Maximum
seasonal fluctuation of 1.79 m has been observed at Dikhumukh. Depth to water level Contour
Maps of most of the key wells have been prepared for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period . The
depth to water level has been found to vary from 2 to 5 m bgl in the study area except in inselbergs.
The details of the key wells and depth to water level in pre and post monsoon period of 2016, have
been given in Table No. 5.

Table No. 5- Details of Key wells of Sivasagar District with Depth to Water Level
during 2016

SI. Location Type of Latitude Longitude DTWL DTWL Fluctuation

No structure (N) (E) (in m)
in mbgl in mbgl
(May (Nov
2016) 2016)
1 Amguri DW 26.7994 94.5319 1.79 0.84 0.95
2 Haluating DW 26.7736 94.5564 2.92 1.98 0.94
3 Bihubar DW 26.8500 94.8100 2.23 1.22 1.01
4 Namti DW 26.8464 94.6258 1.51 0.55 0.96
5 Potuasala DW 26.9211 94.5169 1.96 0.83 1.13
6 Charugua DW 26.9700 94.7340 1.2 0.42 0.78
7 Panbecha DW 27.0283 94.5914 1.4 0.74 0.66
8 (Bandmuk)
Amkutia Chuk DW 26.8639 94.0139 1.18 0.04 1.14
9 Deopani Basti DW 26.7983 94.6492 1.4 0.7 0.7
10 (Siv)
Notun Lunpuria DW 26.8156 94.6311 0.93 0.92 0.01
11 Jailgaon DW 27.0639 94.5825 1.85 0.5 1.35
12 Dikhumukh DW 27.0090 94.6500 2.39 0.6 1.79
13 Geleky Nogaon DW 26.8153 94.6911 1.4 0.38 1.02
14 Kathpua DW 27.0227 94.5286 2.1 0.9 1.2
15 Jamuguri DW 26.8731 94.5286 1.16 0.32 0.84
Khatowal 26.9009 94.7660 1.98 1.2 0.78
16 Simaliguri DW

Depths to water level for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods are presented in Fig. No. 5
and 6 respectively. Seasonal fluctuation of water level has been found to vary from 0.70 to 1.79 .

13
14
Ground Water Movement
The water table contour has been prepared based on water level and mean sea level
of the study area (MSL) of ground water monitoring stations. The regional ground water
flow direction is from south, southeastern towards northwest of the Brahmaputra River.
The highest water table is 110 m above mean sea level in the piedmont zone area towards
south while lowest contour is 35 m towards northwest in the flood plain. In general, the
gradient of flow is high towards north than the other part. The entire piedmont zone forms
the recharge zone for the entire area. Water table contour map for shallow aquifers is
presented in Fig. No. 7.

Water table contour map

15
3.2 Ground Water Exploration:-

From the litholog of different exploratory wells drilled by C.G.W.B. that EW it can be
deciphered that in regional scale mono aquifer system occur in the area. The aquifer is comprised
mainly of medium to coarse sand. This sandy aquifer is having gravel and clay intercalations in
places. In some places due to the presence of clay intercalations, 2 to 3 granular zones occur in the
study area. Separations of two or more granular zones by clay beds often misguide to classify the
aquifers into a multiple aquifer system. However, these clay beds are mostly in lensoid shape and they
pinches out within a short distance. Thickness of the saturated zone varies from 50 to 100 m within a
depth of 133.m. The existing deep tube wells constructed by CGWB show yield of 37 to 85 m3/hr for
a drawdown of 1.82 to 7.70 m (maximum drawdown observed near inselbergs). Details of aquifer
parameters are given in Annexure No.2 and locations of Exploratory wells are presented in Fig.
No.7.

3.3 Hydrogeology and Occurrences of Ground Water

The main hydrogeological formation of the aquifer mapping area is Quaternary to Tertiary
semi-consolidated formations, more specifically Recent Alluvium of Quaternary age. The ground
water in this aquifer mapping area occurs under unconfined, semi-confined and confined conditions.
Study of dug wells, shallow tube wells and deep exploration data of CGWB reveals the presence of
phreatic, shallow and deeper aquifers in the area. Most of the study area is having shallow water
level but towards south water levels become deep due presence of hard rock. Geology and
Hydrogeology of the study area are shown in Fig.8 and 9 respectively.

3.3a Occurrences of Ground Water in Shallow Aquifers: Shallow aquifers generally occur within the
depth range of 5 to 30 m. In shallow aquifer, ground water generally occurs under unconfined
condition. In major part of the area, ground water in shallow depths occurs under unconfined
condition.

3.3b Occurrences of Ground Water in Deeper Aquifers: In deeper aquifers, ground water occurs
under semi-confined to confined conditions. A total of 5 exploratory wells have been constructed by
CGWB, NER in the area and data on aquifer parameters are available. State Govt. departments have
also constructed a good numbers of tube wells in the area, however, apart from discharge data no
other set of data are available with them and the discharge varies from 37 to 70 m3/hr.

16
Geological Map

17
3.3 Geophysical studies:-
Forty three Vertical Electrical Sounding (V.E.S.) under surface geophysical studies have been
conducted during AAP, 2016-17. According to the results of interpretation of V.E.S curves,
correlation of the data with hydrogeological details of exploratory boreholes and taking the apparent
resistivity into account, following conclusions have been drawn in respect of parts of Sivasagar
district Locations of VES are presented in Fig.10.

1. The top soil with resistivity in the range of 18.3 and 201 Ohm with thickness within 10m
comprises top soil with clays / hard clays etc.
2. The underlying layers below the top soil show resistivity varying within 100 Ohm m in
general and is indicative of sandy formation intercalated with clays / hard clays etc.
3. The inferences for bottom portion are drawn on the basis of interpreted results of surface
resistivity surveys, apparent resistivity pertaining to extreme portion of VES curves and
hydrogeological data.
The VES locations are shown in Map No-05.During the survey H,K, KHK, KAHK, AKQ,
KH, KQ, KQKH, AK, HKH, HAK, AHA, QHA, HK, HA type VES curves were obtained.

3.4 Aquifer Geometry:-

18
 The main objective of the study is to delineate the horizontal and vertical disposition of
aquifer as well as to study the aquifer character. In this connection 15 key wells were monitored in
different season. Locations of exploratory wells showing aquifer disposition have been shown in Fig.
11 & 12. To know the aquifer disposition in the study area, exploratory wells data, V.E.S. data
available with CGWB and some data of state departments, Govt. of Assam were utilized.

CGWB has drilled two exploratory wells within a depth range of 129 to 133 m during 2016-
17. A thin layer of discontinuous clay bed occur at surface all over the alluvial deposit ranging in
thickness from 5 to 10 m. The tube wells drilled in alluvial deposits show alternate thick beds of sand,
gravel and thin beds of clay.

From the lithologs of different exploratory wells drilled by C.G.W.B. it can be deciphered
that in regional scale mono aquifer system occurs in the area. The aquifer is comprised mainly of
medium to coarse sand. This sandy aquifer is having gravel and clay intercalations in place to place.
In some places due to the presence of clay intercalations 2 to 3 granular zones occur in the study area.
Separations of two or more granular zones by clay beds often misguide to classify the aquifers into a
multiple aquifer system. However, these clay beds are mostly in lensoid shape and they pinches out
within a short distance. Thickness of the saturated zone varies from 50 to 80 m within a depth range
of 130 m. The existing deep tube wells constructed by C.G.W.B. show yield of 70 to 177 m3/hr for a
drawdown of 1.82 to 7.70 m (maximum drawdown observed near inselbergs).

19
Fig 11- Panel Diagram

20
Fig 12: Aquifer disposition along EW –SW direction

21
3.5 Ground Water Quality
To find out the different chemical parameters water samples were collected from 15 dug wells
and analysed in the Regional Chemical Laboratory of CGWB, NER. The samples were tested for 16
physico-chemical parameters like pH, total disolved solids (TDS), Electrical condctivity (EC),
sodium, potassium, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, sulphate, total hardnes, calcvium, magnesium,
carbonate, bicarbonate and iron. pH was measured by 1, 10 Phenantroline method using a visible
spectrometer (DR-2700, Hach, USA) at 510 nm. Fluoride in water was determined by SPADNS
method (colorimetric) by using a visible spectrometer (DR-2700, Hach, USA) at 570 nm.
The results after analysis show that there is no general variation in the constituents of
chemical radicals and all the major anions and cations are within the permissible limit (as per Bureau
of Indian Standards) except that of iron. The pH of the Ground water varies from 6 to 8 indicating
slightly basic character of the water. The value of EC during pre monsoon varies from 99.4 to 477.9
µs/cm at 250 C and during post monsoon varies from 116.9 to 554.6 µs/cm at 250 C. The fluoride
content of water samples is within permissible limit and varies from 0.2 to 1.04 mg/l during pre
monsoon and 0.01 to 0.22 mg/l during post monsoon.

In general, ground water of the area is characterized by high iron content which ranges from
0.22 to 12.66 mg/l. The concentration of iron in ground water is generally much beyond the
prescribed desirable limit of 0.3 ppm and maximum permissible limit of 1 ppm. It has been found that
all the water samples analysed show content of iron more than the permissible limit except in two
stations during premonsoon and three stations during post monsoon.The iron content has been found
ranging from 0.22 to 8.99 mg/l during May 2016 and 0.49 to 12.66 mg/l during the month of
November 2016. The maximum concentration of iron with a value of 8.99 mg/l and 12.66 mg/l was
detected at Bihubar during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon respectively. The iron values are shown
in Fig 13 and summarized chemical analysis data for May,2016 and November, 2016 are
presented in Table.6 and 7 respectively.

Table-6: Summary of chemical analysis data showing concentration of Iron (Fe) in Sivasagar
District, for May 2016
Result of Chemical Analysis of Water samples from Dug Wells

SI. No Fe (mg/l) No. of samples % of samples

01 BDL 2 13
02 0.3-1.00 4 27
03 1.00-5.00 8 53
04 >5.00 1 7

22
Table: 7 Summary of chemical analysis data showing concentration of Iron (Fe) in
Sivasagar District, for November 2016
Result of Chemical Analysis of Water samples from Dug Wells

SI. No Fe (mg/l) No. of samples % of samples

01 BDL 3 23
02 0.3-1.00 5 38
03 1.00-5.00 2 16
04 >5.00 3 23

23
3.7 Soil Infiltration studies-
Infiltration test: Salient features of the test sites are provided in Table.8. A perusal
of the table shows that the tests have been conducted and the soil types encountered in the
sites are clay loam to sandy soil (as per infiltration classification). In general, infiltration test
was conducted for a duration of 150 minutes.Soil infiltration studies locations are shown
Fig.14.
Table 8: Salient features of Soil Infiltration Test

SI Location Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Infiltration Soil Type

No Rate
(mm/hour)
1 Lunpuria 26˚48ʹ46ʺ 94˚35ʹ43.3ʺ 120 Sand
o o
2 Disangmukh 26 03’50 94 34’57” 48 Sand
3 Namti 26˚01ʹ15ʺ 90˚56ʹ42ʺ 63 Sand
Bogidol Forest Beat
26˚57ʹ21.3ʺ 94˚39ʹ48.8ʺ
4 Office 9 Clay loam
Joirapar, Near
27˚02ʹ12.0ʺ 94˚37ʹ54.9ʺ
5 Dhaiali, Sivsagar 36 Sand
6 Borkula Nagar 26˚55ʹ47.7ʺ 94˚44ʹ39.9ʺ 72 Sand
o o
7 Haluating 26 46’15” 94 33’23” 12 Loam
o o
8 Chargua 27 05’26 94 39’05” 69 Sand
o o
9 Mezinga 26 51’41.04” 94 36’11.52” 32 Sand
10 Noajan 27° 0' 13.68" 94° 39' 7.2" 24 Sandy loam
o
11 Tekela chuk 26 55’21.07” 94° 46' 28.13" 34 Sand
12 Mechhagarh 26° 56’41.64" 94° 43' 7.68" 78 Sand
13 Chetiagaon 27° 0' 57.6" 94° 38' 39.48" 28 Sandy loam
14 Kathpua 27° 1' 7.68" 94° 37' 6.6" 15 Loam
o o
15 Nagaon Gelekey 26 41’48” 94 41’20” 52 Sand

24
Fig 14: Soil Infiltration Studies

25
4. Ground Water Resources:-

As per the report on dynamic groundwater resources of Assam, 2011 the study area is
having a net groundwater availability of 312 mcm for future irrigation and stage of
development is 7% . Detail of ground water resources of Sivasagar district are given in
Table.9 &10 respectively
Based on available resource-

Table-9: Dynamic Groundwater Resources, 2013 in the Study Area in mcm

Assessment Non- Net Annual Provision for Net GW Stage of

Unit/ Command Ground Water domestic, and Availability Ground Water
District (Ha) Availability industrial for future Development
(mcm) requirement irrigation {(13/10) *
supply to 2025 development 100}(%)
(mcm) (mcm)
Sivsagar 266800 1288.13 25.95 1190.54 7

Table-10: Dynamic Groundwater Resources, 2013 in the Study Area in mcm

Block Area Net Annual GW Provision for Net GW 60% of resource

(sq.km) availability domestic and availability for to be utilised for
industrial future irrigation irrigation
requirement development
supply to 2025
(mcm) (mcm) (mcm) (mcm)
Sivsagar 196 95 1.91 87.46 52.48
Nazira 187 90 1.82 83.45 50.07
Amguri 92 45 0.9 41 24.60
Total 475 230 4.63 212 127.15

26
5. Ground Water related Issues

Following are the issues related to ground water:

1. Low stage of ground water development.
2. High iron content both in shallow and deeper zones

Ground Water Development: As per ground water resource estimation 2013, the stage of ground
water development is just 5.5 %. The aforesaid data it indicates that the study area is having meager
irrigation facility while having a huge ground water resource for utilisation. Infrastructure for
irrigation in the study area is very meager and other issues related to ground water development are-

I. Majority of farmers are marginal and poor.

II. Irregular / no power supply

27
6. MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
The dynamic resource estimation presented here is taken from 2013 dynamic
groundwater resources of Assam where resource was estimated district wise due to paucity of
block-wise data. In the present report the same calculation is used and the resource is
proportionately divided among blocks based on their geographical areas.
Table No-11.1 Salient features of GW resource of the district is given below-

Assessment Non- Net Annual Provision for Net GW Stage of

Unit/ District Command Ground domestic, and Availability Ground
(Ha) Water industrial for future Water
Availability requirement irrigation Development
(mcm) supply to development {(13/10) *
2025 (mcm) 100}(%)
(mcm)
Sivsagar 266800 994.72 27.67 937.02 5.5

Table 11.2 Block wise Resource, Resource allocation up to 2025

Block Area Net Annual Provision for Net GW 60% of resource

(sq.km) GW domestic and availability for to be utilised for
availability industrial future irrigation
requirement irrigation
supply to 2025 development
(mcm) (mcm) (mcm) (mcm)
Sivsagar 196 95 1.91 87.46 52.48
Nazira 187 90 1.82 83.45 50.07
Amguri 92 45 0.9 41 24.60
Total 475 230 4.63 212 127.15

As per dynamic ground water resource estimation (2012-13) of the study area, net
ground water availability is 230 mcm and stage of development is only 7%(Table No 6.1
&6.2 . The area is having balance net ground water availability for future irrigation use in the
tune of 212 mcm. If an irrigation plan is made to develop 60% of the balance dynamic
ground water resources available, then 127 mcm of groundwater resources will be available
in the study area for the future irrigation uses.
As per agriculture census data 2010-11 net sown area in the study area is 47500 ha
and cropping intensity is 103%; but this data on net sown area included field crops as well as
horticulture (like Papaya, Banana and Pineapple).It was found that area under field crops
(mainly Kharif paddy) is 37000 ha. During Kharif season, paddy is cultivated in 37000 ha land
and after Kharif season is over, this area remains fallow during the Rabi season. A
management plan has been envisaged to use this vast fallow land for double
28
cropping by utilizing the huge available groundwater resources. Basic aim is to
increase the gross cropped area from 37000 ha to 74000 ha and thereby increase in
cropping intensity up to 200%. To use the groundwater for irrigation purpose a
cropping plan has been designed for the district by using CROPWAT model
developed by FAO. A suitable cropping plan for the district was prepared in
consultation with scientists of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. Cropping
pattern data for the district is presented in Table 6.3 .Present cropping pattern,
proposed cropping pattern, targeted increase in cropping intensity were shown in
Table 6.4 and 6.5.
Crop-wise and month-wise irrigation water requirement (Precipitation
deficit) has been estimated from CROPWAT after giving necessary meteorological,
soil, crop plan inputs and the same has been shown in Table 6.3. Crop-wise and
month-wise Irrigation water requirement in ham has been further calculated in Table
6.4.

Table 6.3. Cropping pattern Amguri, Nazira&Sivsasgar Blocks

Source: CROPWAT

29
 Table 6.4 Cropping pattern, proposed cropping pattern, intended cropping
intensityAmguri, Nazira&Sivsasgar Blocks

Cropping pattern (s)

Rice based cropping pattern

1. Rice-Potato Present Area to be Area to Irrigation

2. Rice-Mustard Cultivated cultivated be requirement
3. Rice-Vegetables area cultivated (ha m)
(%)
(ha)
(ha)

1 2 3(= % of 4
1)

Rice (main crop) 37000 37000 5741

Potato 540 8880 24 277
Rape & Mustard 170 7400 20 3
Pulses 80 8880 24 121
Vegetables 280 11840 32 2636
Net cultivated area 37000 37000
Gross cultivated area 38110 74000
(1+potato/+mustard/+Veg+pulses)

Total irrigation requirement 8778

Cropping intensity 103% 200%

(Present) (Intended)

Table 6.5. Proposed cropping pattern with water deficit months and IWR
Study area
Rice based cropping pattern

Crop Growing Periods/months of Irrigation

period water deficit requirement
(Months) (ha m)
Rice 4 2 5741
Potato 5 3 277
Rape &Mustard 4 1 2.96
Vegetables 3 2-3 2636
Pulses 4 2 121

30
 The total area of rice cultivation is comprised of (37000 ha) 50% of the targeted
cultivated area of (74000 ha). During kharif season, rice is cultivated from June to
July. Since this huge area cannot be cultivated in a single day (one planting date), so
it is considered/ planned to cultivate rice in four stages during this period.

It is planned to utilize rice fallow of 37000 ha for the cultivation of potato,

rape &mustard, pulses and vegetables. It is considered to cultivate potato and pulses
in 8880 ha each, rape & mustard in 7400 ha and vegetable in 11840 ha, including
present cultivation area for these crops.

The peak water requirement for irrigation for rice is in the month of June, for
potato it is in the month of March, for rape &mustard it is in the month of December,
for pulses it is in the month of March, for sugarcane it is in the month of November
and December and for vegetables it is during Jan.

31
 Table 5: Crop-wise and month and year wise precipitation deficit (mm) using CROPWAT 8
for Amguri, Sivsagar & Nazira Block.

Precipitation deficit % of total Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
areaof 74000
ha
1. Rice 13 0 0 0 0 49.4 98 0 0 0 0 0 0 147.4
2. Rice 12 0 0 0 0 48.4 98 0 0 0 0 0 0 146.4
3. Rice 13 0 0 0 0 0 48.9 98 0 0 2.4 10 0 159.3
4. Rice 12 0 0 0 0 0 48.7 98 0 0 3 18.1 0 167.8
5. Small Vegetables 8 23.5 7.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13.5 24 68.9
6. Small Vegetables 8 13.1 17.6 9.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 46.9
7. Potato 6 0.3 14.3 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7 37.3
8. Potato 6 0.3 0.8 18.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19.7
9. Pulses 6 1.5 0 10.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.6
10. Pulses 6 0 0.8 1.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2
11. Rape & mustard 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12. Rape & mustard 5 0 0.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8
Total 100 38.7 42.2 60.3 0 97.8 294 196 0 0 5.4 41.6 32.7 808.3

32
 Table 6: Irrigation water requirement (ham) for Amguri, Sivsagar & Nazira Block of Sivsagar district

Precipitation deficit crop wise Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
area
1. Rice 9620 0 0 0 0 475 943 0 0 0 0 0 0 1417
2. Rice 8880 0 0 0 0 430 870 0 0 0 0 0 0 1300
3. Rice 9620 0 0 0 0 0 470 943 0 0 23 96.2 0 1532.5
4. Rice 8880 0 0 0 0 0 432 870 0 0 27 161 0 1490
5. Small Vegetables 5920 1391 46.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 79.9 142.08 1659.9
6. Small Vegetables 5920 776 104 54.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41.44 975.6
7. Potato 4440 13.3 63.5 93.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.548 177.6
8. Potato 4440 13.3 3.55 82.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.4
9. Pulses 4440 66.6 0 44.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 111.4
10. Pulses 4440 0 3.55 6.22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.8
11. Rape & mustard 3700 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12. Rape & mustard 3700 0 2.96 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9
Total 74000 2260 225 281 0 905 2716 1813 0 0 50 337 191.07 8777.4

33
 Under ground water exploration programme, CGWB has constructed 8 bore wells in
Amguri, Nazira and Sivsagar blocks and has established that the aquifer in most part of the
district is having good potential, having an average discharge of about 45 m3/hr. but can be
sustainably developed and use for irrigation purpose.

As per dynamic ground water resource estimation 2013, the stage of ground water
development is just 7 %. The study area is having meager irrigation facility, mostly single
cropped area and in contrast to it is having groundwater resources of 127 mcm which can
be withdraw safely for irrigation.
The gross irrigation requirement, calculated using ‘CROPWAT’ software, of the study
area with the recommended cropping plan calculated as 88 MCM. As available groundwater
resource is 127 MCM therefore, above-mentioned cropping plan can be safely implemented
for the area.

34
Table 6.4: Crop-wise and month and year wise precipitation deficit (mm) using CROPWAT 8 for Amguri, Sivsagar & Nazira Block.
Precipitation deficit % of total Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
areaof
74000 ha

1. Rice 13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 48.90 98.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.70 0.00 0.00 165.6
2. Rice 12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 48.40 98.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 158.4
3. Rice 13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 48.90 98.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 10.60 0.00 173.5
4. Rice 12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 48.70 98.00 0.00 0.00 3.70 19.00 0.00 181.4
5. Small Vegetables 7 24.40 8.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.60 24.30 53.6
6. Small Vegetables 7 13.30 18.50 10.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.10 49
7. Potato 5 0.30 15.40 23.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.70 43.9
8. Potato 5 0.30 0.90 20.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.9
9. Pulses 5 1.50 0.00 11.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.7
10. Pulses 5 0.00 0.80 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.7
11. Rape & mustard 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5
12. Rape & mustard 5 0.00 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.8
13. Sugarcane (Ratoon) 3 25.00 11.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.00 48.40 42.80 93.5
14. Sugarcane (Ratoon) 3 16.40 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.00 47.90 35.90 77.5
Total 100 81.20 60.30 67.20 0.00 97.30 293.60 196.00 0.00 0.00 24.40 139.50 111.80 1071.3

35
Table 6.5: Irrigation water requirement (ham) for Amguri, Sivsagar & Nazira Block of Sivsagar district

Precipitation deficit % of total

areaof
74000 ha Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
1. Rice 13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 470.42 942.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.83 0.00 0.00 1468.01
2. Rice 12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 429.79 870.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1300.03
3. Rice 13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 470.42 942.76 0.00 0.00 28.86 101.97 0.00 1544.01
4. Rice 12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 432.46 870.24 0.00 0.00 32.86 168.72 0.00 1504.27
5. Small Vegetables 7 126.39 44.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 70.45 125.87 367.262
6. Small Vegetables 7 68.89 95.83 52.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.78 254.338
7. Potato 5 1.11 56.98 85.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.29 150.22
8. Potato 5 1.11 3.33 76.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 81.03
9. Pulses 5 5.55 0.00 41.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 46.99
10. Pulses 5 0.00 2.96 7.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.99
11. Rape & mustard 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
12. Rape & mustard 5 0.00 2.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.96
13. Sugarcane (Ratoon) 3 55.50 24.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.32 107.45 95.02 295.926
14. Sugarcane (Ratoon) 3 36.41 9.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.32 106.34 79.70 245.088
Totoal 100 294.96 240.57 263.74 0.00 900.21 2715.87 1813.00 0.00 0.00 143.19 554.93 343.66 7270.13

36
 Cultivators of the district are mainly depend on rainfall. But rainfall being unevenly
distributed, they also resort to indigenous methods of irrigation such as lifting of water by
means swing buckets. The districts receives sufficient amount of rain during monsoon season
but the major crops like paddy and sugarcane etc. have to demand some other sources of
water during the major part of the year. Some minor irrigation project like construction of
buds across the stream is implemented in district and lift irrigation with electric pump set has
also been operated in some part of the district system and during monsoon season most of the
part

Under ground water exploration programme, CGWB has constructed 8 bore wells in
Amguri, Nazira and Sivsagar blocks and has established that the aquifer in most part of the
district is having good potential, having an average discharge of about 45 m3/hr. but can be
sustainably developed and use for irrigation purpose.

CGWB’s exploration has established that the aquifer of the district is medium to high
yielding. A tube well of 50 m depth tapping 20 m saturated thickness of aquifer can yield
45m3/hr. If the well is allowed to run for 8 hrs for 100 days, it will create a draft of
0.036MCM. Considering 200 m safe distance between two tube wells, 9250 numbers of TW
can be constructed in the area. But, as per requirement, i.e., to meet the planned irrigation
demand of 88 MCM, 2444 numbers of tube wells will be sufficient for construction.

Groundwater in the area is infested with iron, therefore before consumption aeration/
filtering/ installation of Iron Removal Plant is necessary.

.
REFERENCES

1 Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, New Delhi Dynamic
Groundwater Resources of India (as on march 2011).
2 Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, NER, Guwahati
Dynamic Groundwater resources of Meghalaya State (as on march 2013)
3 Central Groundwater Board, Ministry of Water Resources, New Delhi Ground
Water Information Booklet of Sivsagar District, Assam ( 2011-12)
4 Central Groundwater Board, Ministry of Water Resources, New Delhi Manual on
Aquifer Mapping
5 Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Assam.Statistical Hand
Book of Assam, 2013
6 District Census Hand Boob of Sivsagar District-2011.
7 Todd, D. K. (1959) Groundwater hydrology; 4th Ed.; John Willy and Sons Inc.; N.Y.;
535 P
 Annexxure

No-1
RESULT OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES (MAY 2016) (in ppm)

State Location District Type pH EC Turbid TDS CO3 HCO3 Cl- SO4-2 NO3-1 F- Ca+2 ( Mg+2 TH (as Na K Fe
of (µs/cm ity -2 -1 as Ca) ( as CaCO
sample ) 25C (NTU) Mg) 3)
Assam Amguri Sivasagar DUG
6.02 99.4 0.8 48.4 0 40 20.0 3.0 BDL 0.87 10 2.4 35 7.75 1.44 0.99
Assam Haluating Sivasagar DUG
6.45 247.1 0.8 115 0 40 42.5 5.2 BDL 0.15 10 1.2 30 28.6 1.79 2.03
Assam Bihubar Sivasagar DUG
6.63 110 0.6 51.8 0 50 15.0 5.7 BDL 0.32 8 9.7 60 3.41 1.75 8.99
Assam Namti Sivasagar DUG
7.57 115.1 0.9 54.7 0 25 15.0 4.6 0.6 0.4 10 7.3 55 5.61 2.9 0.87
Assam Potuasala Sivasagar DUG
6.93 135.2 0.4 64.6 0 15 15.0 6.2 0.2 0.48 14 6.1 60 5.33 1.81 BDL
Assam Charugua Sivasagar DUG
7.24 143.8 0.4 67.5 0 115 12.5 3.7 0.5 0.62 10 8.5 60 10.8 0.54 1.34
Assam Panbecha Sivasagar DUG
8.43 233.9 0.3 112 20 20 20.0 12.7 0.4 0.58 12 13.3 85 14.5 0.62 BDL
Assam Amkutia Chuk Sivasagar DUG
7.41 122.8 0.5 58.4 0 55 17.5 3.7 0.4 0.28 12 10.9 75 4.02 2.61 1.36
Assam Deopani Basti Sivasagar DUG
7.87 260.2 0.6 125 0 70 22.5 7.0 BDL 0.3 26 7.3 95 13.6 7.86 0.22
Assam Notun Sivasagar DUG
8.02 40.56 0.5 18.2 0 20 10.0 3.5 BDL 0.12 4 2.4 20 3.25 1.05 1.57
Lunpuria
Assam Jaligaon Sivasagar DUG
8.31 477.9 0.3 229 40 95 22.5 11.3 BDL 0.57 38 30.3 220 12.6 10.1 1.83
Assam Dikhumukh Sivasagar DUG
7.99 162.5 0.4 76.8 0 70 10.0 5.0 0.4 0.45 18 6.1 70 3.02 1.93 1.04
Assam Geleki Nogaon Sivasagar DUG
8.43 371.9 0.4 180 30 105 17.5 8.8 BDL 0.59 40 12.1 150 12.3 11.64 1.4
Assam Kathpua Sivasagar DUG
8.02 130.3 1.6 61.6 0 55 12.5 3.5 1.4 0.84 4 6.1 35 6.01 8.19 1.32

39
 Assam Jamuguri Sivasagar DUG
7.52 120.1 0.5 57.8 0 65 17.5 6.5 BDL 1.04 8 7.3 50 5.38 4.85 0.79
Khatowal

Annexxure No-2

RESULT OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES (NOVEMBER 2016 (in ppm)

State Location District Type pH EC Turbid TDS CO3-2 HCO3 Cl- SO4-2 NO3-1 F- Ca+2 ( Mg+2 TH (as Na K Fe
of (µs/cm) ity -1 as Ca) ( as CaCO
sample 25C (NTU) Mg) 3)
Assam Amguri
Sivasagar DUG
5.97 173.3 BDL 100.4 0 61 42.54 1.90 0.3 BDL 18 10.92 90 10.8 1.73 5.91
Assam Sivasagar DUG
Haluating 6.47 194.1 2.1 112.5 0 61 24.815 3.29 BDL BDL 22 10.92 100 11.65 2.32 0.67
Assam Sivasagar DUG
Bihubar 6.93 184.8 2 107.2 0 134.2 21.27 7.48 BDL BDL 28 9.71 110 3.76 3.27 12.66
Assam Namti
Sivasagar DUG
6.95 281.7 1.8 164.3 0 140.3 31.905 3.95 0.5 BDL 44 12.14 160 7.98 4.95 0.67
Assam Sivasagar DUG
Potuasala 7.02 155.8 1.7 89.67 0 85.4 17.725 4.72 BDL 0.07 24 12.14 110 3.62 1.68 BDL
Assam Charugua
Sivasagar DUG
6.49 143.2 1.9 83 0 79.3 24.815 2.04 BDL BDL 8 15.78 85 10.49 0.7 5.48
Assam Sivasagar DUG
Panbecha 6.56 224.2 1.8 128.9 0 109.8 31.905 2.71 BDL BDL 14 20.63 120 13.7 0.71 BDL
Assam Amkutia Sivasagar DUG
Chuk 6.90 233.4 1.8 134.6 0 97.6 28.36 8.42 0.1 BDL 30 13.35 130 6.12 5.08 0.49
Assam Deopani Sivasagar DUG
Basti 6.49 340.8 2 197.6 0 189.1 21.27 1.71 12.7 0.11 42 16.99 175 15.4 3.9 BDL
Assam Notun Sivasagar DUG
Lunpuria 5.51 116.9 1.7 66.74 0 18.3 31.905 2.18 1.5 BDL 6 4.85 35 2.62 1.28 3.28
Assam Sivasagar DUG
Jaligaon 8.36 554.6 1.8 324 60 201.3 31.905 21.53 BDL 0.22 78 25.49 300 10.87 16.53 0.93
Assam Sivasagar DUG
Dikhumukh 7.12 298.6 1.8 165.1 0 158.6 17.725 3.17 BDL 0.01 44 14.56 170 2.42 3.24 0.51
Assam Kathpua
Sivasagar DUG
7.02 250.3 1.8 143.7 0 134.2 21.27 4.04 BDL 0.08 24 14.56 120 7.58 13.83 3.72

40
 Annexxure No-3

DETAILS OF EXPLORATORY DRILLING CARRIED OUT IN THE REGION DURING XII PLAN

S. No State Dist Block Location EW/OW/ Hard Constru Long Lat Tot Granula Aquifer Q Remarks
PZ rock/ cted al r zone/ tapped (lps)
Soft during dep fracture (I/II/III/
Rock AAP- th combin
2016-17 (m) ed)
1 Amguri Dikshu EW Soft 2016-17 94.53 26.74 133 Granula I 10 Semi
rock r zone confined to
Confined
2 Amguri Dikshu OW Soft 2016-17 94.56 26.72 133 Granula I 8 Semi
Si vasagar
ASSAM

rock r zone confined to

Confined
3 Nazira IIT Gargaon EW Soft 2016-17 94.76 26.99 129 Granula I 12 Semi
rock r zone confined to
4 Nazira IIT Gargaon OW Soft 2016-17 94.78 26.97 129 Granula I 10 Semi
rock r zone confined to

41
 Annexure No-4

VES NO-01

42
 Annexure No-5

VES NO-02

43
 Annexure No-6

VES NO-03

44
 Annexure No-7

VES NO-04

45
Map No-02

46
47