LIFE OF JOSE RIZAL C.

CHILDHOOD YEARS
I. Family Background - The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his
happy days in the family garden when he was
A. Birth three.
1. Date: June 19, 1861
- Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus
2. Place: Calamba, Laguna prayer.

3. The named “Jose” was choosen by his mother,a - By nightfall, Rizal related, his mother gathered all
devotee of San Jose (St. Joseph) the children at the house to pray the Angelus.

4. Fr. Rufino Collantes baptized him and Fr. Pedro - Another memory of Rizal during infancy was the
Casanas was his godfather nocturnal walk in the town, especially when there
was a moon.
B. Parents
- The death of Concha was his first sorrow.
1. Father: Francisco Mercado
- At age of three he began to take part in the family
2. Mother: Teodora Alonso y Realonda prayers.
3. Siblings : - At 5, he was able to read haltingly the Spanish
1 st
- Saturnina - Oldest of the Rizal children – family bible, and make sketches with this pencil
Nicknamed Neneng and to mold in clay and wax on objects which
attracted his fancy.
2nd - Paciano - Older brother and confident of Jose
Rizal. II. Education

- He was the second father to Rizal and whom A. Early Childhood

Rizal was very attached to. 1. First teachers hired by his father:
- Immortalized him in Rizal‘s first novel Noli a. Lucas Padua
Me Tangere as the wise Pilosopong Tasio.
Rizal regarded him as the ―most noble of b. Leon Monroy
Filipinos.
2. His mother, Dona Teodora
rd
3 - Narcisa - Petname Sisa
a. Reader used: El Amigo de los Ninos (The
4 th
- Olympia - Petname Ypia Children’s Friend)

5th - Lucia - she was married to Mariano Herbosa b. Prominent lesson learned as a young boy was
of Calamba, who was a nephew of Father from “The story of the moth”
Casanas.
B. Influences From Other Members of His Family
th
6 - Maria - Biang was her petname
1. Uncle Gregorio, who taught him the value of
7 th
- [ JOSE RIZAL] hard work, to think for himself, and to observe
his surroundings keenly.
8th - Concepcion - Concha was her pet-name - She
died at age of three because of sickness. - Her 2. Uncle Jose, who encouraged him to sketch, paint
death was Rizal‘s first sorrow in life. and make sculptures.

9th - Josefa - Panggoy was her pet-name - An old
maid, died at age of 80.
10th - Trinidad - Trining was her pet-name - An old
maid, died at age of 83.
11th - Soledad - Choleng was her pet-name
3. Uncle Manuel, who encouraged him to pursue
his physical development. He taught the young
boy swimming, fencing, wrestling, and other
sports.
4. His yaya (nanny) who told stories that awakened
the imagination and creativity of the young boy.
She told stories of duwendes (dwarves), ghosts,
 and aswangs (evil spirits), of the beautiful “Intimate Alliance Between Religion
Mariang Makiling and other tales on the and Good Education”
beautiful surroundings of his hometown,
“Through Education Motherland
Calamba.
Receives Enlightenment”
C. Artistic Endeavors
b.2 He had excellent achievements and
1. Poems written: graduated highest in his class
a. “Sa Aking Mga Kabata” (his first poem and b.3 Other activities while in Ateneo:
wrote it when he was 8 years old)
b.3.1 He studied painting under
b. “Un Recuerdo de Mi Pueblo” (“A Memory of Agustin Saez
My Town”, a poem about Calamba) (wrote it
b.3.2 He studied sculpture under
when he was 15 years old)
Teodoro Romualdo de Jesus.
2. He made sculptures out of mud.
b.3.3 He carved the image of the
3. He drew things surrounding their houses like trees, Blessed Virgin Mary on a
flowers, birds, butterflies and anything he saw batikuling wood.
around him. He used charcoal and juices of leaves
b.3.4 He carved the image of the
and flowers for colors.
Sacred Heart.
D. Formal Education
b.3.5 He joined the organization
1. Place: Binan, Laguna Marian Congregation. His
mentor was Fr. Pablo Pastells,
a. Teacher: Justiniano Aquino Cruz
S.J.
b. Process used in teaching: He was quick to
b.3.6 He was a member of the
discipline his students for any infraction using
Academy of Spanish Literature.
a short, thin stick.
b.3.7 He was a member of the
2. Injustice to the Rizal Family
Academy of Natural Sciences.
a. Dona Teodora was accused as an accomplice
b.3.8 Fr. Jose Villaclara, S.J.
of Jose Alberto of trying to poison his wife.
encouraged him to pay attention
b. Dona Teodora tried to mediate between the also to the sciences and
spouses but she was accused of trying to philosophy
poison the wife.
4. As a student of the University of Santo Tomas:
c. Dona Teodora was thrown to jail.
a. He enrolled at the Faculty of Philosophy
3. As a student of Ateneo (1872-1877) and Letters; majored in Philosophy,
1877-1878
a. Jose Rizal entered Ateneo Municipal as an
eleven-year-old. b. In S.Y. 1877-1878, he returned to Ateneo
and took up a course on land surveying
b. His close friendship with Fr. Francisco de which was offered then as a vocational
Paula Sanchez S.J., He inspired the young course.
student.
b.1 He completed the surveyor’s
b.1 Some poems written under the guidance of Fr. course and was awarded the title
Sanchez: perito agrimensor.
“The Tragedy of St. Eustace” b.2 He passed the final examination
“In the Memory of My Town” for the course.
 b.3 He could not practice the
surveyor’s profession since he
was still underage when he
passed the course.
b.4 He was issued his certificate on
November 25, 1881, at the age of
20.
c. He pursued medicine at the University of
Santo Tomas.
c.1 Some of his grades were still
excellent but he also had lower
grades.
d. He submitted an entry in the Liceo
Artistico Literario de Manila in 1879,
entitled A La Juventud Filipina (To the
Filipino Youth).
d.1 He won first prize in the contest.
d.2 He was awarded a silver quill.
d.3 For the first time, he used the
phrase “the youth, the fair hope
of my country” (“kabataan, pag-
asa ng aking bayan”.
e. In 1880, a literary contest was held by
Liceo Artistico Literario de Manila. Jose
Rizal submitted an entry entitled El
Consejo de los Dioses (Council of the
Gods).
e.1 This was held in
commemoration of the 400th
death anniversary of Miguel de
Cervantes, Spain’s national poet.
e.2 This poem was in praise of
Cervantes and made him coequal
with Homer and Virgil.
e.3 He was awarded the grand prize.
e.4 The award was a gold ring with
an engraved bust of Cervantes.
f. Other literary works:
f.1 “Junto al Pasig”- This one-act
play was requested by the Jesuits
on the feast day of the
Immaculate Conception. This
was a satire showing the good
elements and bad elements. In
the end, it was a victory for the
good elements.
f.2 “A Filipinas”
g. He decided to discontinue his studies in
the Philippines and continue in Spain:
g.1 to widen his knowledge;
g.2 to avail of more conducive
conditions in Europe; and
g.3 he wanted to learn a cure on the
worsening eye condition of his
mother.
III. First Trip to Europe
A. Jose Rizal left Manila on May 3,1882.
1. REASONS:
a. He was disgusted with the antiquated
method of instruction he was
receiving from the Dominican-owned
institution.
b. He found his professors in UST to
have racial prejudice against Filipino
students
c. To complete and finish his medical
course and learn the cure on the
worsening condition of his mother’s
eyes
d. To widen his knowledge
e. To observe keenly the life and culture,
languages and customs, industries and
commerce, and the government laws
of the European nations in order to
prepare himself in the mighty task of
liberating his oppressed people from
Spanish tyranny.
2. He left for Spain with the blessings of his
brother Paciano and his uncle, Antonio Rivera.
3. He decided not to seek his parents’ blessing
knowing they would never approve of his
plan.
4. He secured endorsements from Pedro Paterno.
5. He first stopped in Singapore; Colombo in Sri
Lanka; Aden in Yemen; and crossed the entire
length of the
Suez Canal. They landed at Port Said, Egypt; Naples c. He took private lessons at the Hall of
in Italy; and disembarked in Marseilles, France. Sanz and Carbonell
B. Activities in Marseilles c.1 Shooting
1. Jose Rizal went to Chateau de’If, the c.2. Fencing
venue of Alexandre Dumas’novel, The
d. Important people he met:
Count of Monte Cristo.
d.1 Dr. Miguel Morayta, an advocate
2. He boarded in Portbou. He noticed the
of freedom and self-
indifference of the Spanish immigration
determination. Students from
officers compared to the courteous
South America hailed him as
French counterparts.
their champion. He joined his
C. He arrived in Spain students and other supporters to
his end.
1. He first stopped in Barcelona, the capital
of the Spanish province, Cataluna. d.2 Don Pablo Ortega y Rey, a
According to him, the people were Spanish liberal who used to live
indifferent and he arrived during the in the Philippines.
summer vacation of the students.
e. Jose Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano
a. In this city, he found out that the Filipino.
people of the city enjoyed
e.1 it was a social organization
freedom and liberalism.
where the members talked on the
b. He wrote essays for Diarong reforms needed in the
Tagalog. Philippines
b.1 “Amor Patrio” (“Love e.2 This group was mostly made up
of Country”) of elder Filipinos who were the
exiles of 1872
b.2 “Los Viajes”(“Travels”)
e.3 It held informal programs which
b.3 “Revista de Madrid”
included poetry reading and
(“Review of Madrid”)
debates.
c. He met his classmates from
f. He joined freemasonry
Ateneo at the Plaza de Cataluna.
f.1 He became a member and his
2. Madrid
masonic name was
a. He enrolled at the Universidad “Dimasalang”
Central de Madrid on November
f.2 Freemasonry was an
3, 1882. He enrolled in the
organization outlawed by the
following courses:
Catholic Church because its
a.1 Medicine beliefs are contrary to the
doctrines of the Church
a.2 Philosophy and Letters
f.3 A mason’s outlook in life and
b. He took courses at the Academy adapted their view that
of San Carlos knowledge should be achieved
b.1 Painting and Sculpture by the light of reason and
universal brotherhood of men.
b.2. Languages: French, German
f.4 Masonry attacked the Church for
and English what they believed it’s because
they believed it promoted of
 religious superstition and
obscurantism, hiding truth
behind the veil of religion
g. He was an avid book collector.. He
scrimped on food and clothes, and lived
in the modest accommodations but he
bought books. Important books he
collected:
1. Uncle Tom’s Cabin written by Harriet
Beecher Stowe
2. Works of Alexander Dumas
3. The Wandering Jew written by Eugene
Sue
4. Lives of the Presidents of the United
States
5. The Complete Works of Horace
h. Events on June 25, 1884
1. Juan Luna was awarded the top
prize for his painting Spolarium
while Felipe Resurreccion
Hidalgo took the second place
for his painting Virgines
Christianas Expuestas al
Populacho (Christian Virgins
Exposed to the Population)
2. The Filipino painters joined the
National Exposition of Fine Arts
3. Jose Rizal gave speech in a
public audience saying that Luna
and Hidalgo were the pride of the
Filipino people; that genius is
not a monopoly of any race and
their prizes were products of
both the Philippines and Spain.
He voiced the hope that,
someday, Spain will grant the
reforms needed by Filipinos.
4. This speech was published in the
newspaper El Liberal. This
reached the Philippines and there
were elements in Philippines
who were not pleased with this
development.
i. Completion of His Studies
1. He completed his Licenciado en
Medicina on June 21, 1884. He
did not have his Doctorate in
Medicine because he did not
present the thesis required for
graduation. He can practice
medicine with the acquisition of
this degree but he cannot teach
medicine.
2. He finished his, studied in
Philosophy and Letters and
obtained the degree Licenciado
en Filosofia y Letras with the
rating of sobresaliente.
j. He started writing the novel Noli Me
Tangere when he was still a student at the
Central University of Madrid.
1. He was inspired to write after
reading Uncle Tom’s Cabin by
Harriet Beecher Stowe. This
book is about the trial and
hardship of the black slaves and
awakened in him inherent love
and concern for the afflicted.
2. On January 2, 1884, the Filipino
expatriates had a meeting at the
house of the Paterno brothers. It
was during this meeting that the
Filipinos who attended agreed to
write a novel about the
Philippines. These were Pedro
Paterno, Maximo Paterno,
Antonio Paterno, Graciano
Lopez Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre,
Eduardo de Lete, Julio Llorente,
Valentin Diaz, and Jose Rizal.
3. The plan did not materialize and
Jose Rizal was left to write the
novel. He started writing in
Madrid and he continued to write
while he was in France and
Germany. Final revisions were
made in Berlin.
4. He could not afford the printing
cost but was saved by his friend,
Maximo Viola. He lent Jose
₱300,the needed amount for the
first 2,000 copies of the novel.
5. On March 29, 1887, the novel
was printed in Berlin. The first
recipients of the novel were Dr.
Ferdinand Blumentritt, Dr.
 Antonio Ma. Regidor, Graciano
Lopez Jaena, Maraino Ponce,
and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo.
6. As a way of showing his
appreciation, he gave the
original manuscript of the Noli
Me Tangere and a Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria.
complimentary copy to Maximo
Viola.
7. Jose Rizal explained the title
“Noli Me Tangere” means
“Touch Me Not”. This was from
the bible, from the Gospel of St.
John.
8. The book was dedicated to the
Philippines, his fatherland.
D. Paris, France
1. He arrived in Paris on November
1885.
2. He worked as an assistant to Dr.
Louis de Weckert.
3. He found time to be with his
fiend, Pedro de Taveras, Juan
Luna, and Felix Resurreccion
Hidalgo.
4. He posed for Juan Luna’s
paintings.
5. Composed songs: “Alin Mang
Lahi” and “La Depostacion”
Protestant pastor Karl Ulmer
to perfect his ability to speak
German.
e. He started his correspondence
with Prof. Ferdinand
Blumentritt, the Director of
He sent a book to Prof.
Blumentritt, Arithemetica by
Rufino Baltazar.
2. On august 1886, he arrived in
Leipzig.
a. He met Prof. Friedrich Ratzel
and Dr. Hans Meyer who
wrote a book on the
Philippines.
b. He translated Schiller’s
William Tell in Tagalog. The
book narrates how the Swiss
attained their independence in
a peaceful manner.
c. He translated Hans Christian
Andersen’s Fairy Tales to
Tagalog for his nephews and
nieces.
3. On October 29, 1886, he arrives
in Dresden.
a. He saw the painting of
Raphael, the Sistine
Madonna.

E. Germany b. At the Zoological,

Anthropological and
1. On February 1886, he arrived in Ethnographical Museum, he
Heidelberg. An old university saw the collection on the
town. Philippines.
a. He worked as an assistant to 4. Berlin
Dr. Otto Becker at the
University Eye Hospital. a. He met Dr. Feodor Jagor who
wrote Travels in the
b. He listened to the lectures of Philippines.
Dr. Becker and Prof. Wilhelm
Kuehne. b. He met Dr. Rudolf and his son,
Hans Virchow, two known
c. He wrote the poem “To the German anthropologists; Dr.
Flowers of Heidelberg”. W. Joest, and Dr. Ernest
d. He spent his summer vacation Schweigger, a known
in 1886 in Wilhelmsfeld ophthalmologist.
where he lived with
c. He became a member of the Anthropological Society,
the Ethnographic Society, and the Geographic
Socitey.
c.1 His paper entitled Tagalische Verkunst was deliverd
befire the members.
c.2 He was accepted and became a very respected member
d. He made the final revisions on the novel Noli Me
Tangere. On March 29, 1887 the novel was finally
printed.
5. He went to Prague to visit the tomb of Nicolaus
Copernicus.
6. In Geneva, Switzerland, Maximo Viola and Jose Rizal
parted ways. Viola returned to Spain while Rizal
continued to Rome, Italy, then Marseilles, France where
he boarded Djemnah to Saigon, Vietnam and
finally, Manila.
F. Jose Rizal Returned to Calamba
1. He established a clinic and his first patient was his
mother.
2. He successfully removed the double cataract on his
mother’s eyes.
3. He worked as a town physician.
4. He was called to Malacañang by Gov. Gen. Emiio
Terrero due to the controversy raised by Noli Me
Tangere. The first copies had arrived in Manila.
5. Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade was assigned to watch over
Jose Rizal.
6. After a review of the Noli Me Tangere, it was found out
that the book was heretic, impious, unpatriotic,
subversive, and injurious to the government of Spain in
the Philippines. It was recommended that the
importation, reproduction, and distribution of the book
should be prohibited.
7. Gov. Gen. Terrero requested Jose Rizal to leave the
country.
8. Investigation on the Calamba problem.
9. Before leaving the Philippines, he wrote the poem
“Hymn to Labor” to commemorate the elevation of
Lipa, Batangas into a villa.
III. Second Leg Of Jose Rizal’s Trip to Europe
A. He travelled through Asia
1. In Hong Kong
a. He was met by Jose Ma. Basa and other Filipinos who
were exiled due to the secularization issue of 1872
b. He studied the Chinese language, Chinese drama and
theater, Chines cultures, and Chines values.
c. He visited Macau, a Portuguese colony near Hong
Kong.
2. He visited Japan.
a. He stayed in Yokohama.
b. He studied the Japanese language, Japanese culture,
theaters, martial arts, and he visited shrines.
c. On the way to United States, on board a ship, he met
Tetcho Suehiro.
c.1 Suehiro wrote the book Dead Traveler. In this book,
he described his travel from Japan to the U.S.
and his association with Jose Rizal.
c.2 He wrote another book, Storm Over the Southern Sea.
This is said to be similar to Rizal’s Noli Me
Tangere.
B. In the United States of America
1. The entire boat was quarantined when it docked in San
Francisco on April 28, 1888. The reason given was
because the boat came from a land where cholera was
rampant. In reality, it was because the boat carried
several Chinese coolies and laborers who accepted cheap
labor, displacing the American laborers. This
situation was resolved and the passengers were allowed to
disembark safely.
2. He travelled westward through Reno, Utah, Colorado,
Nebraska, Chicago, Albany, and New York City.
3. His comments on America:
a. The United States was a progressive and prosperous
country.
b. There was a lack of racial equality because there was a
radical prejudice against the blacks.
c. America was a land of fairness and justice but only for
the whites.
C. He reached Liverpool, England on May 24, 1888. D. He transferred to Paris.
Immediately after his arrival, he left for London.
1. He continued his research on Philippine history at the
1. He was met by Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, also an exile Bibliotheque Nationale or the National Library in Paris.
of 1872. He practiced law in London.
2. He continued to work on his annotation of Antonio
2. Jose Rizal was introduced to Dr. Reinhold Rost, the Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. He published his
librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in England.
annotated version.
He
3. He studied the French language.
was also an authority on Malay Languages and custom.
4. He wrote a volume of French exercises that the students
3. His objectives for choosing to live in London:
of the French language may use as a textbook or
a. To do research on Philippine history; and
workbook.
b. To analyze Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
5. He founded the Kidlat Club and the Indios Bravos.
Filipinas, a rare Philippine history book available at the
These were social cubs which aimed to prove that the
British Museum.
Filipinos could excel intellectually and physically.
4. Works of Jose Rizal
6. He published Por TElefono. This answered Fr.
a. Letter to the Women of Malolos (published in February Salvation Font, a Spanish friar who attacked the Noli Me
1889) in Tagalog as requested by M.H. del Pilar.
Tangere.
This letter was to honor the young ladies of Malolos who,
E. His Activities in Brussels
inspite of the opposition of the parish priest,
1. He continued to write El Filibusterismo, his second
requested Gov. Gen. Valeriano Weyler to give his
novel.
permission to this endeavor. He finally consented to
2. He wrote articles for the La Solidaridad.
the opening of a night school for women.
a. “La Verdad Para Los Todos” or “The Truth For All
b. Specimen of Tagal Folklore(published in Asian Studies
People”
journal Trubner’s Record on May 1889). This
b. “Verdades Nuevas” or “New Truths”
article consisted of Filipino proverbs and puzzles.
c. “Una Profanacion” or “A Profanation”
c. An article on two eastern fables which compared the
Filipino fable “Monkey and Turtle” with the d. “Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anos” or “ The Philippines
A Century Hence”
Japanese fable “Monkey and the Crab”.
e. “Sin Nombre” or “Without Name”
d. He received news that Graciano Lopez Jaena founded
the La Solidaridad, a fortnightly pereiodical of the f. “Sobre La Nueva”
Propaganda. g. “Sobre La Indolgencia de los Filipinos”
d.1 When Marcelo H. del Pilar arrived in Barcelona 3. Publication of the El Filibusterismo. Like Noli Me
Spain, he took over as the editor. Tangere, money was very scarce and it was financed by
d.2 He wrote articles for the periodical from 1889 to 1890 Valentin Ventura.
d.3 He used the pen name “Laong Laan”. 4. He received the news that the members of his family
were deported to different places. They also lost the
5. Sculptural works:
agrarian case in Calamba.
a. Prometheus Bound
5. Publication of El Filibusterismo (For the summary, see
b. Triumph of Death over Life
pages 53.)
c. Triumph of Science over Death
F. The Decisiom to Transfer To Madrid 4. He had a reunion with his siblings and his parents. He
supported them in Hong Kong.
1. The case of Rizal was elevated to the Supreme Court in
Madrid. Rizal wanted to pay attention to the case. 5. His friendship with Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez helped him
start his practice in Hong Kong.
The Calamba residents were forced to leave the town,
their houses were burned and more people were 6. He went to Sandakan, Borneo to look for an alternative
place for displaced Calamba farmers.
exiled, including the entire Rizal family.
7. Writings
2. He wrote a poem entitled “A Mi Musa”(“To My
Muse”) a. He translated The Rights of Man written in French to
Tagalog. Ang Mga Karapatan ng Tao.
3. Rivalry between Jose Rizal and M.H. del Pilar
8. Jose Ma. Basa thought of the idea of an organized group
a. Another group of Filipinos was being formed in
of Filipinos toward the attaintment of the liberty of
Madrid. This was composed of disgruntled students who
the people of the Philippines.
viewed that the members of the Circulo Hispano Filipino
were more inclined to accommodation, a. Jose Rizal wrote the constitution of the organization
called La Liga Filipina.
moderation, and politeness toward the Spaniards that
actually fighting for reforms in the Philippines. 9. Return to the Philippines
b. Another organization was formed. This was the a. He wanted to face Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol on the
Asosacion Hispano Filipino. It was headed by Dr. Miguel fate of his North Borneo project since the governor
Morayta, a Spanish professor and a Mason Grandmaster. general remained silent on Jose Rizal’s petition.
In a meeting to decide where the direction of
b. Together with his sister Lucia, Rizal left Hong Kong
the Propaganda was going, the group started with an and returned to Manila.
election of the leader. There were 90 Filipino
H. The End Part of His Life
members. An election was held and it was a contest
1. On his arrival, he was met by Apolinario Mabini,
between Jose Rizal and M.H. del Pilar. For two
Andres Bonifacio, Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Serrano
canvassings, del Pilar lead the votes but there was no
Laktaw, Deodotaa Arellano, and other patriots. They met
majority. Finally, on the third attempt, Jose Rizal
in llya Street and formed the La Liga Filipina(The
won but Jose chose to leave than divide the Filipinos in
Filipino League).
Mandrid.
2. He took a tran in Tutuban and visited Malolos, Bulacan;
4. Paciano, his elder brother, advised Jose not to return to
San Fernando, Pampanga; Tarlac; and Bacolor,
the Philippines but he compromised that Jose can
Pampanga.
return to the East, near enough for his parents and
relatives to visit him but he cannot be disturbed by the 3. Handbills were found in Lucia’s pillows entitled Pobre
Frailes. Jose Rizal was ordered arrested by
Spaniards. He left for Hong Kong.
Despujol.
G. His Productive Life in Hong Kong
4. He was ordered exiled to Dapitan, North Zamboanga.
1. Jose Ma. Basa initially paid for his fare to Hong Kong.
a. The prisoner was handed over to Captain Ricardo
2. With his undesirable experience in Madrid, he decided
Carcinero, the political military governor of
to leave the political life in Europe and concentrate
Dapitan, an isolated Spanish outpost in Northern
on his endeavors.
Mindanao.
3. He applied for his license to practice medicine in Hong
b. One of the passengers was Fr. Pablo Pastells, S.J.
Kong and this was granted.
c. He won in a lottery with Captain Carcinero and 1. While on board the steamer España, awaiting another
Francisco Equilor. He bought land in Talisay. He ship that will transport him to Spain and eventually to
constructed his house, a clinic, and a school. Cuba, Philippine Revolution broke out.
d. He continued to correspond and send various species of 2. He was transferred to another ship and left for Spain.
plants, animals, and insects to other
3. He was arrested while cruising the Mediterranean Sea.
European scientists. He was imprisoned in Barcelona, Spain and was
e. Animal species named after Jose Rizal: immediately deported back to Manila.
Rhacophorus rizali, a frog 4. In Manila, he was imprisoned in Fort Santiago. He was
tried on the charges of sedition, rebellion, and illegal
Apogonia rizali, a beetle
association.
f. He constructed a huge relief map Minadanao at the town
plaza with the help of Fr. Sanchez. 5. He was found guilty and was sentenced to death
through a firing squad on December 30, 1896.
g. He helped in the livelihood of the people.
He modeled an invention on a Belgain example of
making bricks.
He taught the people to run a cooperative to ensure they
have an income from buying and
selling abaca and its products.
h. Poems written while he was in Dapitan:
“El Canto del Viajero”
“A Ricardo Carnicero”
i. He did an operation on his mother’s eye.
j. He studied the native medicinal plants of Dapitan so he
could prescribe these to his patients.
k. Mr. George Tauffer was brought to him in dapitan with
Josephine Bracken.
l. Revolution broke out in Manila in 1896. Dr. Pio
Valenzuela arrives in Dapitan with a blind man,
raymundo mata. Dr. Valenzuela imparted to Jose Rizal
the intents of the revolution.
m. Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt updated Jose Rizal on world
events. He suggested that Rizal volunteer his
services to the Spanish government and join forces as a
doctor in Cuba as a means to end his exile.
n. Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco granted Jose Rizal’s request.
On July 30, 1896, he was granted a safe
conduct pass. Rizal returned to Manila on board the
steamer España.
I. His Last Trip to Europe