IMPLEMENTATION OF

GMMQLP AND MCUSUM

CONTROL CHARTS FOR
ACCIDENT DETECTION IN TWO
1
WHEELERS
2 TOPICS DISCUSSED

Introduction
Existing systems
Offline detection
• Gaussian Mixture Model with Quadratic Logistic Proportions
Online detection
• MCUSUM Control Charts
Conclusion
3 INTRODUCTION

Driving errors Accidents in two wheelers

Driving errors as critical events
Accident detection by detection of critical events
Two methodologies – Offline and Online
Offline– By detecting changes in mean and variance of sensor values
Online – By detecting falls using control charts
Aim: To reduce false alarms and response time
4 EXISTING SYSTEMS

For automatic detection of critical events

• Critical events detected on basis of Mahalanobis distance.
• Three sets of signals evaluated (control command sensors, dynamic
parameter sensing sensors, both)
• When mean of observed event greater than threshold -> critical event
• Disadvantages of the system:-
o Fitting of command sensors alters motorcycle dynamics
o Data from single rider -> No generalization
o Previous state not accounted
5 EXISTING SYSTEMS

For detection of fall in two wheelers

• By detecting yaw angle
• By detecting acceleration and angular speed

Speed of system effects efficiency

6 DATA COLLECTION
Reference values for three sequences found out
Three sequences – Normal riding, near fall, riding with fall
Fall sequences
• Fall arises from loss of control
• Two dynamic characteristics – Tilt angle and inclination speed
• Five scenarios – Standstill fall, fall on slippery road, fall when lean,
intentional, fall in roundabout
Near fall sequences
• Extreme riding
• Sudden braking/acceleration, swerving, loss of controls.
Naturalistic riding sequences
• Normal riding like leisure trips
7 DATA COLLECTION
Different sequences and their corresponding scenarios

Sequence Type of Scenarios Time of Fall

Number Scenario (ms)
1 Fall Standstill fall 14080
2 Fall Standstill fall 47070
3 Fall Fall in a curve 56380
4 Fall Fall in a curve 43750
5 Fall Fall in a roundabout 36160
6 Fall Fall with leaning of motorcycle 34540
7 Fall Fall with leaning of motorcycle 34500
8 Fall Fall on a slippery straight road 40420
section
9 Near Fall Sportive riding 0
8 DATA COLLECTION
Different sequences and their corresponding scenarios

Sequence Type of Scenarios Time of Fall

Number Scenario (ms)
10 Near Fall Sportive riding 0
11 Near Fall Sportive riding 0
12 Near Fall Accelerating maneuvers 0
13 Near Fall Accelerating maneuvers 0
14 Near Fall Extreme breaking 0
15 Near Fall Riding on deteriorated road 0
16 Near Fall Riding on deteriorated road 0
17 Near Fall Fall like maneuvers 0
18 Near Fall Zigzags maneuvers 0
19-24 Naturalistic 0
riding
9 DATABASE CONSTRUCTION
10 OFFLINE DETECTION

By detecting changes in mean and variance of sensor values.

Two steps – Segmentation & Classification
Segmentation – Multidimensional time series segmented and modeled
Modeling done using Gaussian Mixture Model with Quadratic Logistic
Proportions (GMMQLP)
Classification – Detected segment assigned to a riding sequence
Classification done using k-nearest algorithm.
11 GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL
12 GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL
13 GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL
14 GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL
15 GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL
16 GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL
17 GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL
18 EM ALGORITHM
19 EM ALGORITHM
20 ONLINE DETECTION

Based on Multivariate Cumulative Sum (MCUSUM) control charts

Cumulative sum is a statistical anomaly detection algorithm
Shifts in detection of mean vectors
Mean shifts -> anomalies
Use of separate univariate control charts has many drawbacks,
Overall probability of false alarms increases with the number of quality
characteristics
Does not take into account the correlation between these
characteristics
21 MCUSUM
22 MCUSUM
23 MCUSUM
24 RESULTS
Correct Segmentation Rate

Fall Sequences Near Fall Naturalistic Riding Global

Sequences Sequences Segmentation Rate
98.77 95.37 95.72 96.62

Global Confusion Matrix

Fall Near Fall Normal

Fall 100 0 0
Near Fall 0 90 10
Normal 0 0 100
25 RESULTS
Obtained results using MCUSUM
Sequences Time of Fallt (ms)

1 14080 13290 790

2 47070 46200 870
3 56380 55780 600
4 43750 43460 290
5 36160 35740 420
6 34540 34020 520
7 34500 33790 710
8 40420 39740 680
9 0 0 0
26 RESULTS
Sequences Time of Fallt (ms)

10 0 0 0
11 0 0 0
12 0 0 0
13 0 0 0
14 0 0 0
15 0 0 0
16 0 0 0
17 0 0 0
18 0 0 0
19-29 0 0 0
27 CONCLUSION

Two methodologies for accident detection proposed

Results show system is robust and effective
Future scope:
Segmentation for selected data can be done
Improved feature extraction can be done
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