Manuel A.

Roxas High School

Pres. Quirino Ave., Paco, Manila

Science Department

SY: 2015 – 2016

Automatic Garbage Segregator

A Research Paper Presented to Mr. Arjay Advincula

Research 9

Benavidez, Danica V.

Castro, Bj4 D.

De Torres, Angelica Ivy R

Nate, Femily Joie V.

Montesines II, Noel M.

Grade 9 – Archimedes

September 8 ,2015

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

 Title Page…………………………………………………………………………………... 1
 Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………….. 2
 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………… 4
- Background of the study
- Statement of the Problem
- Significance of the Study
- Scope and Limitations
- Hypothesis
 Review of Related Literature……………………………………………………………… 5
 Methodology………………………………………………………………………………... 6
 Results and Discussions………………………………………………………………….. 5-6
 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………. 7
 Recommendation………………………………………………………………………….. 7
 Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………… 7-8

I.Abstract

Nowadays, we heard news that the Canada’s wastes were dumped in our country. The
Philippines makes an action to stop this system. The garbage pollution is the one of our major
problem that until now this problem was not resolved. Another problem is about segregating
processes. By segregating manually, it takes time to finish it. This kind of system was saw in our
school, private places that there were, has three trash bins that has labeled: Non-biodegradable,
Biodegradable and Recyclable. This kind of system was not followed. Many people’s trash was
only place in the streets or everywhere because of having no discipline. If this continuous our
earth will be destroy. So this research can help not only just in people but in the environment
also. It was conducted for segregation of garbage and to lessen it.

In the first idea, this device was need to be used with IR sensors. By the means of sensors,
it can detect if it is paper, cans or bottles. But it is needed to be programmed to identify the

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garbage. When the sensors identified, the DC motors will rotate. There were also flaps. By the
LDC 1000, the circuit is connected to LDC 1000 inductance to the digital convertor. This kind of
materials were expensive, our budget cannot afford this kind of materials. So we think another
possible way in how to segregate the garbage automatically. The second idea is the alternate
diagonal design.

The alternate diagonal design was conducted, to separate the waste we designed according
by their sized. This device can segregate automatically. Just like what is said, this device can
save much time in segregating the garbage and the waste that this covers were recyclable so
that it can be used again in useful object. It was divided into three slides. It only covers the dry
waste with 3 categories: paper, bottles and coke in cans. Wet waste is not allowed for this device
because it leaves like blockage to the whole system. The papers should be crumbled to ensure it
fall into their holes. The bottles are needed to be place horizontally while the cans are not to be
destroyed to roll over unto the last slide. To ensure that the wastes were fall into their right
categories, the measures of each angle, sides and every part of the device is exact.

When the device is complete, it’s time for the trials. In our first trial, the whole device was
made in box and illustration board. We only use paper and cans. The trials were successful but
there sometimes the waste was not fall into their right categories. The next trial, is made up of
illustration board only, this time it consist of three categories of garbage. The trials were not
successful because of the wrong measure of angles. In our final trial, it was made of woods but
the slides were only illustration board. The trials were improved but the paper failed. The first
slide was not placed correctly.

When the process is a fail, we’ve improved the weaknesses of our project, we’ve corrected
the wrong measures. So that the continuously process is constant. We preferred metal for this
device, to be stronger and improved.

II. Introduction

a. Background of the Study

We all knew that garbage pollution is one of our major problem. Every year our
community produced estimated of 10,000 tons of garbage. This device can help our nation from
rapidly growth of waste. It can save more time in separating the waste, lessen the garbage and
having a proper disposal of the people’s garbage.

b. Statement of the Problem

This device aim is to segregate properly and having a proper garbage disposal. So that
the waste that we produce everyday will be lessen. In everyday, this device should be need in

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the good condition. It needed to be segregate the garbage in their right categories and to
encourage the people to have a discipline.

c. Significance of the Study

This device was created because the people don’t have much time to segregate the
waste so this device can help in saving time and lessen the waste in our community.

d. Scope and Limitations

It only covers the dry waste such as paper, bottles and cans. The paper should be
crumbled to ensure it falls into its right categories and the paper should not be bigger than the
hole. In bottles, only the plastic bottle will be used, while in cans, the coke in cans with no liquid
inside. Just like I said, only dry waste not wet waste. The waste in the bins will always take in the
end of the day.

e. Hypothesis

Null Alternate Cause and Effect

-If the angles of each slide -If the angles of each slide were
-If the angles of each slide
were not increase, there is in the higher measure the
were increased more, there
more probability of the speed of each variable will
is no much probability of the
variable fall into their right increase. When decreasing the
variable fall into their right
categories. speed will decrease also.
categories.

-If the wet waste were cover - If the wet waste were not -If the wet waste were cover, it
of the device, there is no cover of the device, there is will leave a blockage that can
constantly process of the constantly process of the affect the whole system.
whole system. whole system.

III. Review Related Literature

According to the Inquirer, the DENR (Department of Environmental Natural Resources)

was made a data that the residents of Manila are making a one-fourth of the country. The
average of 0.7 kg of waste a day is an average of a single person, said Emy Aguinaldo,
Executive Order of NSWMC (National Solid Waste Management Commission). The half of the
garbage of Manila is biodegradable waste such as leftovers, food scraps and animal carcasses,
in paper is 17% and in plastics 16%.

Automatic Garbage Segregator was conducted with the used of sensors. This device can
detect if it is dry, wet or metallic. It uses Capacitive Sensing Module, so that it can determine the
capacity of each waste to help in segregating. Segregation Module, two DC motors are used.
These DC geared motors were used to rotate the three plates. When if it is metal, it uses its

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Metal Detection System. By the LDC 1000, the circuit is connected to LDC 1000 inductance to
the digital convertor. The all systems work properly.

Rapid increase in volume and types of solid and hazardous waste as a result of
continuous economic growth, urbanization and industrialization, is becoming a burgeoning
problem for national and local governments to ensure effective and sustainable management of
waste. It is estimated that in 2006 the total amount of municipal solid waste generated globally
reached 2.02 billion tones, representing a 7% annual increase since 2003 (Global Waste
Management Market Report 2007). The segregation, handling, transport and disposal of waste
are to be properly managed so as to minimise the risks to the health and safety of patients, the
public, and the environment. The economic value of waste is best realized when it is segregated.
Currently there is no such system of segregation of dry, wet and metallic wastes at a household
level. This paper proposes an Automated Waste Segregator (AWS) which is a cheap, easy to
use solution for a segregation system at households, so that it can be sent directly for
processing. It is designed to sort the refuse into metallic waste, wet waste and dry waste. The
AWS employs parallel resonant impedance sensing mechanism to identify metallic items, and
capacitive sensors to distinguish between wet and dry waste. Experimental results show that the
segregation of waste into metallic, wet and dry waste has been successfully implemented using
the AWS.

Meeting environmental requirements is recognised as one of the six 21 st century

business drivers for automatic control. The proportional integral (PI) and proportional
integral derivative (PID) controllers are the most dominant form of automatic controllers
in industrial use today. Withbthese techniques, it is necessary to adjust the controller
parameters according to the nature of the process. Thus, for effective control of a
heating, cooling and air-conditioning (HVAC) application, for example, specific values
need to be chosen for the P, I and D parameters, which will be different for the values
required to control, for example, a distillation column. This tailoring of controller to
process is known as controller tuning. Controller tuning is easily and effectively
performed using tuning rules (i.e. formulae for controller tuning, based on process
information). Such tuning rules allow the easy set up of controllers to achieve optimum
performance at commissioning. Importantly, they allow ease of re-commissioning if the
characteristics of the process change. The paper outlines the results of recent work in
the collation of industry-relevant PI and PID controller tuning rules,which may be applied
to a variety of applications with the aim of improving waste management.

IV. Methodology

Materials

1) 5 pieces of ¼ flat thin plywood 3) Saw

2) 4 pieces of long thin wood (70inches) 4) 3 pieces of pipes
5) Stick well glue 6) Hammer
7) Nails

Methods

1) Cut the 3flat thin plywood, 1st piece into 5 pieces with the: Slides a.4 pieces (length: 16in,
Width: 9in)

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 B.1 piece (length: 19in, width: 9in) and cut also the last 3 pieces in: A.2 pieces divide into
2 different measures (a. 2x“Back” length: 23in, width: 18 1/2in b.”Base” length: 23in, width:
9in)
B.1piece divide into 2 same measures (“Sides” length: 23in, width: 9in).
2) Put the 4 pieces of long thin wood in the four corners of the base.
3) Next, the back and front of the whole device.
4) The slides were attached at the post with a holes that will be the exit to the container of the
specific garbage.
5) Use the stick well to attach the slides in appropriate angles and positions.
6) Finalize, ensure that all is well attached to each other.

V. Results and Discussions

After the trials we performed the system is continuously process. But there’s a probability that
the waste will fall in wrong bins. Because it depends in the waste, for example: the paper was
crumbled like a ball then the user throw it in by with force. So that the paper have a chance of
avoiding the holes. Every variable is need to be measured. These are the following data that we
performed:

Trials Paper Bottles Cans

1 9:10 _______ 10:10

2 8:10 9:10 8:10

3 9:10 10:10 10:10

VI. Conclusion

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 It is concluded that the measurement of the angles is important in the concept of our idea.
It is also important that the measurement of the holes is exact in order that the garbage will fall
directly to it. The measurement of the angle will be the measurement of the speed that the
garbage will took to reach the exact hole without falling to the wrong classification. The speed of
the garbage that will fall must attain a specific speed so it will reach its specific classification.

VI. Recommendations

We recommend that metal is the best way to use to ensure it will stood stronger. Because
when one of the measures is wrong the whole system will be affected. The measurement of the
angles and holes must be measured correctly in order to have it fall into its specific classification.

VII. Bibliography

 [1] Daniel Hoornweg et al., “WHAT A WASTE A Global Review of Solid Waste
Management”, Urban Development & Local Government Unit World Bank, Washington,
DC., No.15, Mar. 2012.
 [2] Nishigandha Kothari ,”Waste to Wealth”, NSWAI, New Delhi, Jul. 2013
 [3] Claudine Capel, “INNOVATIONS IN WASTE”, Waste-management-world, Volume 11,
Issue 2, Mar 2010.
 [4] J.S. Bajaj, “Urban Solid Waste management in India“, Planning Commission
Government of India, NEW DELHI,1995
 [5] Claudine Capel, “WASTE SORTING - A LOOK AT THE SEPARATION AND
SORTING TECHNIQUES IN TODAY’S EUROPEAN MARKET”, Waste-management-
world, Volume 9, Issue 4, Jul 2008.
 [6] LDC1000 Inductance to Digital Converter, Texas instruments, Dallas, TX,Sept 2013
 [7] MSP430x2xx Family User's Guide, Texas instruments, Dallas, Tx, Dec 2004–
Revised Jul 2013
 [8] “Relative Dielectric constant ℇr(dk value) of liquids and solid materials”, Endress
Hauser, Weil am Rhein, Baden-Württemberg, 2000
 [9] M.S. Venkatesh et al., “An Overview of Microwave Processing and Dielectric
Properties of Agri-food Materials”, Biosystems Engineering (2004) 88 (1), pp 1–18
 [10]”Automated Waste Segregator” ,Amrutha Chandramohan, Joyal Mendonca, Nikhil
Ravi Shankar, Nikhil U Baheti, Nitin Kumar Krishnan,https://e2e.ti.com/cfs-
file/__key/.../automatic-waste-segregator.pdf
 [11]”Enhancing waste management through automatic control”, Aidan O’Dwyer,
http://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1072&context=engscheleart