SOCIAL GROUP Existence of Social Structure

▪ join group because you want fulfillment Social Structure

1. acquire personal habits ▪ interdependent network of roles & hierarchy of
2. acquire personal values status which define the reciprocal expectations &
3. acquire attitudes power arrangement of members who are guided
4. acquire ambition by norms
5. acquire social identity
▪ Sistema sa isang organisasyon
Social Identity – fulfills physical, psychological,
▪ possesses social function
emotional needs
Social Function
Group
▪ particular role of every individual in a group
▪ 2 or more persons
TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS
▪ have something in common
1. Primary Group
▪ interaction with one another
▪ building blocks of larger society
▪ members must be guided by norms
▪ group that shapes personality where you
Kinds of Groups
develop your self-concepts (?)
1. Aggregates
▪ e.g. Family, Barkada
▪ magkakalapit pero walang interaction
2. Secondary Group
▪ e.g. mga nakasakay sa jeep
▪ 2nd family/home
2. Social Category
▪ in-group – comrades
▪ no social interaction but belong to 1
▪ out-group – enemy
community
▪ informal – walang common goals
▪ e.g. puro taga UE sa VMall
3. Reference Groups
3. Community
▪ one relates
▪ interaction but short lived
Factors that influence having groups
RELIGION
1. Motivational base shared by individuals
▪ universal & persuasive phenomenon
2. Size of the group
*persuasive – experienced by majority
3. Type of group goals
▪ from Latin word ‘religare’ which means to bind
4. Kind of group cohesion
together or pagbuklodin
▪ how everyone functions accordingly
5 Major Universal Religions
1. Buddhism
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
▪ Buddha yung Diyos
▪ According to Isabelo Panopio, it is the
▪ Gautama Buddha
process of bringing order & meaning into human
social life ▪ religion of Indians
▪ ordered social relationships of persons/groups 2. Confucianism
composed of norms, roles, sanctions & ranking
system ▪ religions of Chinese

▪ formal organization ▪ Confucius yung Diyos

▪ teachings of Confucius
▪ Taoism – Japan
3. Christianity 4. Tertiary
▪ pinakamarami at pinakamalawak ▪ College
▪ Catholicism, Born-Again, Baptist ▪ Undergraduate
4. Islamic Religion ▪ Graduate Studies (Masteral, Doctoral)
▪ Muslim Advantages of Formal Education
5. Hinduism 1. Gives Regular & Systematic Training
Elements of Religion 2. Called Purified Education
1. Rituals 3. Economical
2. Emotion Importance of Formal Education
3. Beliefs 1. Prevents illiteracy difference
4. Organization ▪ 92% Literacy in PH
▪ 8% in Bangladesh
Center of all Religion 2. We learn scientific attitude into our thinking
▪ belief to a supreme being 3. We learn languages
*supreme being – God, Yahweh, Allah, Jehovah 4. Learn scientific & technological advancement
Church – most influential social institution 5. Mental Maturity
Functions of Education
EDUCATION 1. Transmit cultural heritage
▪ paraan para matuto 2. Helps us select social role (Atty, Dr)
KINDS 3. Learn different culture & identities per country
1. Formal 4. Source of cultural & social innovations
▪ systematic
▪ school setting POPULATION
▪ 35% only of total learning, 65% from other ▪ population explosion – remarkable
types
▪ no. of people occupying certain space where
2. Informal they draw their sustenance from livelihood
▪ TV, commentaries, news ▪ populis which means people
3. Nonformal Caused by:
▪ seminar, training 1. constant high birth rate
▪ short courses 2. stagnant decline of mortality rate
FORMAL EDUCATION Demography – scientific study of population
1. Pre-School – Nursery & Kinder (3 years) ▪ includes size & territory
2. Elementary ▪ ratio of man to land
▪ 6 years How to get number of populations of certain area
▪ Primary – Grades 1-4 1. Census data
▪ Intermediate – Grades 5-6 ▪ ilan ang occupants
3. Secondary – High School 2. Civil Registrar
▪ PSA
▪ City Hall Window 1
3. Vital Statistic System ▪ población/town – combination of diff. barrios
▪ bilang ng namatay, nabuhay sa isang place ▪ favorite pastime – chatting
Population Change – increase/decrease ▪ favorite game – cockfighting
Population Explosion – increase only ▪ 2 appliances – TV & AM Radio
▪ Simple Life & Contentment
Variables of Population Change ▪ strong family independence & kinship
1. Fertility ▪ DILG
▪ actual number of children born to women ▪ Education – Elementary, Secondary, College
▪ # of pregnancy that occured to women ▪ Catholicism – mostly Roman Catholic
▪ Fertility Rate – ilang beses nagbuntis ▪ Rural Health – Poor health facilities
regardless kung namatay/nabuhay
▪ Rural recreation – chatting, cockfighting,
2. Mortality babymaking
▪ actual no. of death in certain place ▪ Problems:
3. Migration 1. Poverty
2. Underemployment
▪ movement from one population to another
3. Low job opportunities
▪ average # of years expected to live 4. Weak local government
5. Low level of education
- Life expectancy/ Life span 6. Lack of proper sanitation
- Highly urbanized mas maikli lifespan 7. Lack of recreational & cultural facilities
▪ Women – 67-72 yrs. 8. Minimalistic attitude of people
9. Crab mentality
▪ Men – 62-67 yrs. 10. Wrong notion of contentment
Why mas mahaba women’s lifespan 2. Urban
1. Cultural – bigat ng work nasa lalaki ▪ highly civilized society/community
2. Socially – mas madali umiyak babae dahil sa ▪ 1sq. km = 1,000 persons
macho image ng lalaki.
▪ streets must be parallel
3. Biological
▪ at least 6 establishments must be present
Age Composition – proportion of person per level
of age 1. Commercial establishments
2. Manufacturing Establishments
Sex Composition - # of males per 100 females 3. Recreational Establishments
(M<F) 4. Personal Services Establishments
Factors that affect migrants ▪ At least 3 must be present
1. Di nasabi ni sir itong part na to dahil nagtime 1. Town Hall
na agad hehe ayon Goodluck on our exam hehe 2. Church
3. Public Plaza
4. Cemetery
COMMUNITY 5. Market Place
6. School
1. Rural 7. Hospital
▪ small community, farming, fishing, food 8. Library
gathering ▪ Occupation: mostly office work
▪ strong sense of family ties ▪ Transportation & communication: 24 hours
▪ barrio, province readily available

▪ population is low ▪ Culture: Diversity of Culture

▪ communal activities are very common -Intercultural Theory – one place, diff. culture

▪ smallest political subdivision – brgy + barrio ▪ Language: Diversity of language/dialect

 ▪ Population: heterogenous population
▪ Urbanism – complicated structure in urban
setting
▪ Concentration is possible
- Liit ng lugar, dami ng tao
▪ Dispersion: inalisang lugar
▪ Courtship – different from rural
▪ Work & job opportunities – madami
▪ Commodities: more available due to
competitiveness
▪ Gov’t – Brgy & Sangguniang Bayan
▪ Problems
1. Squatters/Informal Settlers (occupy
vacant lots not their own)
2. Pollution (change in different aspects in
water, land, and most especially, air)
3. High Rate of Crime
4. High Cost of Living