Technological Institute of the Philippines

Sodium Carbonate
Equipment Tag MT-102 Equipment Name
Mixing Tank
To mix the sodium carbonate and water to form a
Objective
homogenous solution.

25

24
26

MT-102

29

Inlet Streams

Stream 24, kg/hr & kmole/hr

Composition Mass Mass % kMole Mole %
NaCl(aq) 4,316.92 14.20 74.48 22.06
H2O(l) 301.02 0.99 16.81 4.98
Na2CO3(s) 24,996.90 82.22 236.96 70.17
NaHCO3(s) 787.71 2.59 9.42 2.79
Total 30,402.54 100.00 337.68 100.00

Stream 25, kg/hr & kmole/hr

Composition Mass Mass % kMole Mole %
H2O(l) 11,554.04 100.00 645.47 100.00
Total 11,554.04 100.00 645.47 100.00
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Stream 29, kg/hr & kmole/hr

Composition Mass Mass % kMole Mole %
NaCl(aq) 3,837.26 14.02 66.20 5.35
H2O(l) 20,527.48 75.01 1,146.67 92.66
Na2CO3-H2O(s) 2,924.17 10.68 23.70 1.91
NaHCO3(s) 78.77 0.29 0.94 0.08
Total 27,367.68 100.00 1,237.51 100.00

Outlet Streams

Stream 26, kg/hr & kmole/hr

Composition Mass Mass % kMole Mole %
NaCl(aq) 8,154.19 11.76 140.68 6.34
H2O(l) 32,382.53 46.71 1,808.96 81.46
Na2CO3(s) 24,996.90 36.06 236.96 10.67
NaHCO3(s) 866.48 1.25 10.37 0.47
Na2CO3-H2O(s) 2,924.17 4.22 23.70 1.07
Total 69,324.26 100.00 2,220.66 100.00

Data:

Stream Pressure (kPa) Temperature ( oC)

24 101.325 90
25 101.325 30
28 101.325 40
26 101.325 70

Enthalpy Balance:

QTotal = QFeed + QSolution + QProduct

Calculations:

Solving 𝐐𝐅𝐞𝐞𝐝 ,

QFeed = QSC1 + QW1 + QSA1 + QSB1 + QW2 + QSC2 + QW3 + QSAM + QSB2

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Where 𝐐𝐒𝐂𝟏 ,

cal
Cp SC ( ) = C1 + C2T
mole − K

Table 8.4. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Chloride

C1 10.79
C2 0.00420

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

291.15
QSC = mSC ∫ Cp SC dT
363.15

291.15
QSC = mSC ∫ (C1 + C2T)dT
363.15

kg 291.15
QSC = 4,316.92 ∫ (10.79 + 0.00420T)dT
hr 363.15

kg cal 4.184 J 1kJ 1 mole

QSC = 4,316.92 (−875.81 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000J 0.05845 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐂 = −𝟐𝟕𝟏, 𝟓𝟔𝟖. 𝟖𝟐
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐖𝟏 ,

J
Cp W1(l) ( ) = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4
kmole − K

Table 8.5. Constant for Heat Capacity of Liquid Water

C1 276370
C2 -2090.1

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C3 8.125
C4 -0.014116
C5 9.3701E-06

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

291.15
QW1 = mW1 ∫ Cp W1 dT
363.15

291.15
QW1 = mW1 ∫ (C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4 )dT
363.15

QW1
291.15
(276370 − 2090.1T + 8.125T 2 − 0.014116T 3 + 9.3701E
= mW1 ∫
363.15 −06T 4 )dT

kg J 1 kJ 1 kmole
QW1 = (−301.02 ) (−5428284.46 )( )( )
hr kmole 1000 J 0.01802 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐖 = −𝟗𝟎, 𝟕𝟕𝟕. 𝟓𝟗
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐒𝐀𝟏 ,

cal
Cp SA1 ( ) = C1
mole − K

Table 8.12. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Carbonate

C1 28.9

Reference: Heat Capacities of Elements and Inorganic Compounds, Perry's

Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Edition

291.15
QSA1 = mSA1 ∫ Cp SA1 dT
363.15

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291.15
QSA1 = mSA1 ∫ (C1)dT
363.15

kg 291.15
QSA1 = 24,996.90 ∫ (28.9)dT
hr 363.15

kg cal 4.184 J 1 kJ 1 mole

QSA1 = 24,996.90 (−2080.80 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000 J 0.106 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐀𝟏 = −𝟐, 𝟎𝟓𝟑, 𝟎𝟔𝟑. 𝟎𝟖
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐒𝐁𝟏 ,

kJ
Cp SB1 ( ) = C1
kg − K

Table 8.11. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Bicarbonate

C1 1.01

Reference:

291.15
QSB1 = mSB1 ∫ Cp SB1 dT
363.15

291.15
QSB1 = mSB1 ∫ (C1)dT
363.15

kg 291.15
QSB1 = 787.71 ∫ (1.01)dT
hr 363.15

kg kJ
QSB1 = 787.71 (−72.48 )
hr kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐁𝟏 = −𝟓𝟕, 𝟎𝟗𝟒. 𝟖𝟒
𝐡𝐫

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Where 𝐐𝐖𝟐 ,

J
Cp W2(l) ( ) = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4
kmole − K

Table 8.5. Constant for Heat Capacity of Liquid Water

C1 276370
C2 -2090.1
C3 8.125
C4 -0.014116
C5 9.3701E-06

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

291.15
QW2 = mW2 ∫ Cp W2 dT
303.15

291.15
QW2 = mW2 ∫ (C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4 )dT
303.15

QW2
291.15
(276370 − 2090.1T + 8.125T 2 − 0.014116T 3 + 9.3701E
= mW2 ∫
303.15 −06T 4 )dT

kg J 1 kJ 1 kmole
QW2 = (11,554.04 ) (−50.27 )( )( )
hr kmole 1000 J 0.01802 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐖𝟐 = −𝟓𝟖𝟎, 𝟖𝟑𝟕. 𝟑𝟗
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐒𝐂𝟐 ,

cal
Cp SC2 ( ) = C1 + C2T
mole − K

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Table 8.4. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Chloride

C1 10.79
C2 0.00420

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

291.15
QSC2 = mSC2 ∫ Cp SC2 dT
313.15

291.15
QSC2 = mSC2 ∫ (C1 + C2T)dT
313.15

kg 291.155
QSC2 = 3,837.26 ∫ (10.79 + 0.00420T)dT
hr 313.15

kg cal 4.184 J 1kJ 1 mole

QSC2 = 3,837.26 (−144.46 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000J 0.05845 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐂𝟐 = −𝟑𝟗, 𝟖𝟏𝟓. 𝟔𝟕
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐖𝟑 ,

J
Cp W3(l) ( ) = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4
kmole − K

Table 8.5. Constant for Heat Capacity of Liquid Water

C1 276370
C2 -2090.1
C3 8.125
C4 -0.014116
C5 9.3701E-06

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Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

291.15
QW3 = mW3 ∫ Cp W3 dT
313.15

291.15
QW3 = mW3 ∫ (C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4 )dT
313.15

QW3
291.15
(276370 − 2090.1T + 8.125T 2 − 0.014116T 3 + 9.3701E
= mW3 ∫
313.15 −06T 4 )dT

kg J 1 kJ 1 kmole
QW3 = (20,527.48 ) (−1657603.33 )( )( )
hr kmole 1000 J 0.01802 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐖𝟑 = −𝟏, 𝟖𝟗𝟎, 𝟑𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟎
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐒𝐀𝐌 ,

cal
Cp SAM ( ) = C1
mole − K

Table 8.13. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Carbonate Monohydrate

C1 34

Reference: Heat Capacities of Elements and Inorganic Compounds, Perry's

Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Edition

291.15
QSA1 = mSA1 ∫ Cp SA1 dT
313.15

291.15
QSA1 = mSA1 ∫ (C1)dT
313.15

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kg 291.15
QSA1 = 2,924.17 ∫ (34)dT
hr 313.15

kg cal 4.184 J 1 kJ 1 mole

QSA1 = 2,924.17 (−748 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000 J 0.106 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐀𝐌 = −𝟖𝟔, 𝟑𝟑𝟓. 𝟒𝟗
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐒𝐁𝟐 ,

kJ
Cp SB2 ( ) = C1
kg − K

Table 8.10. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Bicarbonate

C1 1.01

Reference:

291.15
QSB2 = mSB2 ∫ Cp SB2 dT
313.15

291.15
QSB2 = mSB2 ∫ (C1)dT
313.15

kg 291.15
QSB2 = 78.77 ∫ (1.01)dT
hr 313.15

kg kJ
QSB2 = 78.77 (−22.15 )
hr kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐁𝟐 = −𝟏, 𝟕𝟒𝟒. 𝟓𝟔
𝐡𝐫

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QFeed = QSC1 + QW1 + QSA1 + QSB1 + QW2 + QSC2 + QW3 + QSAM + QSB2

QFeed = −271,568.82 + −90,777.59 + −2,053,063.08 + −57,094.84

+ −580,837.39 + − 39,815.67 + −1,890,356.20
+ −86,335.49 + −1,744.56

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐅𝐞𝐞𝐝 = −𝟓, 𝟎𝟕𝟏, 𝟓𝟗𝟑. 𝟔𝟓
𝐡𝐫

Solving 𝐐𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 ,

QSolution = mNa2 CO3 ΔHSolution

kJ
ΔHSolution (Na2 CO3 ) = −222.00
kg

Reference: Heats of Solution of Inorganic Compounds in Water, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

kg
mNa2 CO3 = 24,996.90
hr

kg kJ
QSolution = (24,996.90 ) (−222.00 )
hr kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = −𝟓, 𝟓𝟒𝟗, 𝟑𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟖
𝐡𝐫

Solving 𝐐𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 ,

QProduct = QSC + QW + QSA + QSB + QSAM

Where 𝐐𝐒𝐂 ,

cal
Cp SC ( ) = C1 + C2T
mole − K

Table 8.4. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Chloride

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 Technological Institute of the Philippines

C1 10.79
C2 0.00420

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

343.15
QSC = mSC ∫ Cp SC dT
291.15

343.15
QSC = mSC ∫ (C1 + C2T)dT
291.15

kg 343.15
QSC = 8,154.19 ∫ (10.79 + 0.00420T)dT
hr 291.15

kg cal 4.184 J 1kJ 1 mole

QSC = 8,154.19 (630.35 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000J 0.05845 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐂 = 𝟑𝟔𝟗, 𝟏𝟗𝟒. 𝟑𝟓
𝐡𝐫
Where 𝐐𝐖 ,

J
Cp W ( ) = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4
kmole − K

Table 8.5. Constant for Heat Capacity of Liquid Water

C1 276370
C2 -2090.1
C3 8.125
C4 -0.014116
C5 9.3701E-06

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

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343.15
QW = mW ∫ Cp W dT
291.15

343.15
QW = mW ∫ (C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4 )dT
291.15

343.15
(276370 − 2090.1T + 8.125T 2 − 0.014116T 3 + 9.3701E
QW = mW ∫
291.15 −06T 4 )dT

kg J 1 kJ 1 kmole
QW = (32,382.53 ) (3,916,390.02 )( )( )
hr kmole 1000 J 0.01802 kg

𝒌𝑱
𝐐𝐖 = 𝟕, 𝟎𝟒𝟓, 𝟕𝟎𝟏. 𝟗𝟎
𝒉𝒓

Where 𝐐𝐒𝐀 ,

cal
Cp SA ( ) = C1
mole − K

Table 8.12. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Carbonate

C1 28.9

Reference: Heat Capacities of Elements and Inorganic Compounds, Perry's

Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Edition

343.15
QSA = mSA ∫ Cp SB dT
291.15

343.15
QSA = mSA ∫ (C1)dT
291.15

kg 343.15
QSA = 24,996.90 ∫ (28.9)dT
hr 291.15

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kg cal 4.184 J 1 kJ 1 mole

QSA = 24,996.90 (1,502.80 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000 J 0.106 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐀 = 𝟏, 𝟒𝟖𝟐, 𝟕𝟔𝟕. 𝟕𝟖
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐒𝐁 ,

kJ
Cp SB ( ) = C1
kg − K

Table 8.10. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Bicarbonate

C1 1.01

Reference:

343.15
QSB = mSB ∫ Cp SB dT
291.15

343.15
QSB = mSB ∫ (C1)dT
291.15

kg 343.15
QSB = 866.48 ∫ (1.01)dT
hr 291.15

kg kJ
QSB = 866.48 (52.35 )
hr kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐁 = 𝟒𝟓, 𝟑𝟓𝟖. 𝟔𝟖
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐒𝐀𝐌 ,

cal
Cp SAM ( ) = C1
mole − K

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Table 8.13. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Carbonate Monohydrate

C1 34

Reference: Heat Capacities of Elements and Inorganic Compounds, Perry's

Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Edition

343.15
QSAM = mSAM ∫ Cp SAM dT
291.15

343.15
QSAM = mSA1M ∫ (C1)dT
291.15

kg 343.15
QSAM = 2,924.17 ∫ (34)dT
hr 291.15

kg cal 4.184 J 1 kJ 1 mole

QSAM = 2,924.17 (1768 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000 J 0.106 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐀𝐌 = 𝟐𝟎𝟒, 𝟎𝟔𝟓. 𝟕𝟏
𝐡𝐫

QProduct = QSC + QW + QSA + QSB + QSAM

QProduct = 369,194.35 + 7,045,701.90 + 1,482,767.78 + 45,358.68

+ 204,065.71

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 = 𝟖, 𝟗𝟒𝟑, 𝟎𝟐𝟐. 𝟕𝟎
𝐡𝐫

Solving 𝐐𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 ,

QTotal = QFeed + QSolution + QProduct

QTotal = −𝟓, 𝟎𝟕𝟏, 𝟓𝟗𝟑. 𝟔𝟓 + −𝟓, 𝟓𝟒𝟗, 𝟑𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟖 + 𝟖, 𝟗𝟒𝟑, 𝟎𝟐𝟐. 𝟕𝟎

𝐐𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 = −𝟒𝟔𝟔. 𝟎𝟖 𝐤𝐖

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Cooling Water Requirement:

QTotal = −QCW

343.15
QCW = mCW ∫ Cp cw(l) dT
303.15

Table 8.X Operating Parameters of Cooling Water for Sodium Carbonate

Monohydrate Mixing Tank

Operating Pressure 101.325 kPa

Inlet Temperature 30oC
Outlet Temperature 70oC

Solving for 𝐦𝐂𝐖 ,

J
Cp CW(l) ( ) = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4
kmole − K

Table 8.5. Constant for Heat Capacity of Liquid Water

C1 276370
C2 -2090.1
C3 8.125
C4 -0.014116
C5 9.3701E-06

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

343.15
QCW = mCW ∫ Cp cw(l) dT
303.15

343.15
QCW = mCW ∫ (C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4 )dT
303.15

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QCW
343.15
(276370 − 2090.1T + 8.125T 2 − 0.014116T 3 + 9.3701E
= mCW ∫
303.15 −06T 4 )dT

J 1 kJ 1 kmole
QCW = mCW (3,013,014.26 )( )( )
kmole 1000 J 0.01802 kg

kJ
QCW = mCW (167.39 )
kg

kJ
QTotal = −QCW = −mCW (167.39 )
kg

kJ
−466.08 kW = −mCW (167.39 )
kg

𝐤𝐠
𝐦𝐂𝐖 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟖
𝐬

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