CLASS : DCC3112 HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC

NAME LECT : PUAN NOOR HIN BINTI MIOR SANI

CASE STUDY 2

JUNCTION DESIGN.

NO NAME NO REGISTER

1 FAIZZATUL AISYA BINTI MOHD IBRAHIM 02DKA17F1114

2 NUR SHAHIRAH FIKRIYAH BINTI ZAINAL 02DKA17F1054

3 NUR AZLINA BINTI ALADDIN 02DKA17F1034

4 NUR FATHIHAH BINTI MOHD ADENAN 02DKA17F1073

5 NURAZLINA BINTI SIDDIK 02DKA17F1038

 CONTENT.
NO TITLE PAGE

1 ORGANIZATION CHART 1

2 LOCATION OF JUNCTION DESIGN 2

3 INTRODUCTION OF JUNCTION DESIGN 3-7

-TYPE OF JUNCTION
-PICTURE OF JUNCTION

4 CALCULATION OF JUNCTION DESIGN 8-27

-FLOW
-PIE CHART
-HISTOGRAM

5 QUESTION

6 CONCLUSION
ORGANIZATION CHART
JUNCTION COMPANY ENTERPRISE

1
LOCATION OF JUNCTION DESIGN

2
INTRODUCTION OF JUNCTION
DESING.

A road junction is a location where vehicular traffic going in different directions can proceed in a
controlled manner designed to minimize accidents.

In some cases, vehicles can change between different routes of directions of travel.

An intersection is a road junction where two or more road either meet or cross at grade (they are
at the same level).

Such a road junction may also called a crossroads.

Type of junction.

At Grade Junction:

 Junction without signage / control.

 Priority junction.
 Roundabout with or without traffic light.
 Traffic light controlled junction.
 Tiered junction.

Grade Separated Or Interchanged:

 Trumpet interchange.
 Diamond interchange.
 Clover leaf interchange.
3
At Grade Junction:

Junction without signage / control.

Priority junction.

4
Roundabout with or without traffic light.

Traffic light controlled junction.

5
 Tiered junction.

Grade Separated Or Interchanged:

Trumpet interchange.

6
Diamond interchange.

Clover leaf interchange.

7
Calculation Of Junction Design.

Conversion vehicle count to PCU :

UIA

Type of Right Turn Movement.

movement
Type of 1 2 3 4 5 6
vehicles.
Total 145 15 1 6 1 0
PCU value 1.00 0.33 1.75 1.75 2.25 2.25
Conversion 145 4.95 1.75 10.5 2.25 0
Total PCU 164.45≈164

Type of Through Traffic Movement.

movement
Type of 1 2 3 4 5 6
vehicles.
Total 28 7 1 1 0 0
PCU value 1.00 0.33 1.75 1.75 2.25 2.25
Conversion 28 2.31 1.75 1.75 0 0
Total PCU 33.81≈34

8
 Type of Left Turn Movement.
movement
Type of 1 2 3 4 5 6
vehicles.
Total 147 27 3 4 0 1
PCU value 1.00 0.33 1.75 1.75 2.25 2.25
Conversion 147 8.91 5.25 7 0 2.25
Total PCU 170.41≈170

TAMAN BANDAR

Type of Right Turn Movement.

movement
Type of 1 2 3 4 5 6
vehicles.
Total 39 3 3 1 0 1
PCU value 1.00 0.33 1.75 1.75 2.25 2.25
Conversion 39 0.99 5.25 1.75 0 2.25
Total PCU 49.24≈49

Type of Through Traffic Movement.

movement
Type of 1 2 3 4 5 6
vehicles.
Total 11 5 0 1 0 0
PCU value 1.00 0.33 1.75 1.75 2.25 2.25
Conversion 11 1.65 0 1.75 0 0
Total PCU 14.40≈14

9
 Type of Left Turn Movement.
movement
Type of 1 2 3 4 5 6
vehicles.
Total 101 23 3 2 1 1
PCU value 1.00 0.33 1.75 1.75 2.25 2.25
Conversion 101 7.59 5.25 3.5 2.25 2.25
Total PCU 121.84≈122

INDERA MAHKOTA

Type of Right Turn Movement.

movement
Type of 1 2 3 4 5 6
vehicles.
Total 261 56 8 6 0 0
PCU value 1.00 0.33 1.75 1.75 2.25 2.25
Conversion 261 18.48 14 10.5 0 0
Total PCU 303.98≈304

Type of Through Traffic Movement.

movement
Type of 1 2 3 4 5 6
vehicles.
Total 418 49 12 16 4 0
PCU value 1.00 0.33 1.75 1.75 2.25 2.25
Conversion 418 16.17 21 28 9 0
Total PCU 492.17≈492

10
 Type of Left Turn Movement.
movement
Type of 1 2 3 4 5 6
vehicles.
Total 24 2 1 1 0 1
PCU value 1.00 0.33 1.75 1.75 2.25 2.25
Conversion 24 0.66 1.75 1.75 0 2.25
Total PCU 30.41≈30

BUKIT ISTANA

Type of Right Turn Movement.

movement
Type of 1 2 3 4 5 6
vehicles.
Total 76 9 3 4 0 1
PCU value 1.00 0.33 1.75 1.75 2.25 2.25
Conversion 76 2.97 5.25 7 0 2.25
Total PCU 93.47≈93

Type of Through Traffic Movement.

movement
Type of 1 2 3 4 5 6
vehicles.
Total 574 46 11 14 6 0
PCU value 1.00 0.33 1.75 1.75 2.25 2.25
Conversion 574 15.18 19.25 24.50 13.50 0
Total PCU 646.43≈646

11
 Type of Left Turn Movement.
movement
Type of 1 2 3 4 5 6
vehicles.
Total 122 11 1 3 0 0
PCU value 1.00 0.33 1.75 1.75 2.25 2.25
Conversion 122 3.63 1.75 5.25 0 0
Total PCU 132.63≈133

12
Total PCU for all direction:-

Route :North to South and South to North.

North to South South to North

LT (W-N) TM (W-E) RT (W-S) LT (E-S) TM ( E-W) RT (E-N)
170 34 164 122 14 49

Route : West to East and East to West.

West to East East to West

LT (N-E) TM (N-S) RT (N-W) LT (S-W) TM (S-N) RT (S-E)
133 646 93 30 492 304

Traffic flow for every entry Q is :

North : Qɴ = ( 164 x 1.75 ) + 34 + 170 = 491 pcu/hr

South : Qs = ( 49 x 1.75 ) + 14 + 122 = 221.75 pcu/hr

East : Qᴇ = ( 304 x 1.75 ) + 492 + 30 = 1054 pcu/hr

West : Qᴡ = ( 93 x 1.75 ) + 646 + 133= 941.75 pcu/hr

Wide of lane = North to South = 6.5m , East to West = 6.0m

Saturation flow every direction , S = 525w

All direction saturation flow,

S=525w S=525w

= 525 x 6.5 = 525 x 6.0

= 3412.5 pcu/hr = 3150 pcu/hr

13
 Type of flow North South East West
Actual flow,Q (pcu/hr) 491 221.75 1054 941.75
Saturation flow,S(pcu/hr) 31150 3413
Q/S 0.16 0.07 0.31 0.28
y 0.16 0.31
Y max 0.47

Intergreen period, I = 5 seconds

Lost Time , l = 2 seconds

Amber period,a = 3 seconds.

Total lost time,L

L =[ l₁ + ( I₁ - a₁) ] + [ lₙ + ( Iₙ-aₙ) ]
= [ 2 + ( 5-3) ] + [ 2 + ( 5-3) ]
= 8s

Optimum cycle time,Co

1.5𝐿+5
Co = 1−𝑌𝑚𝑎𝑥
1.5 (8)+5
= 1−0.47

= 32s

14
Effective green time for phase 1 and 2
g = Co – L
= 32 – 8
= 24s
Phase 1 `Phase 2
( N –S) ( E- W)

𝑦 1 (𝑔) 𝑦 ² ( 𝑔)
gₐ = 𝑌𝑚𝑎𝑥 gₐ = 𝑌 𝑚𝑎𝑥
0.16 ( 24) 0.31 ( 24)
= =
0.47 0.47
= 8s = 16s

Actual green time

Phase 1 ( N – S) Phase 2 ( E – W)
K= g + ( l –a) K = g + ( l – a)
= 8 + ( 2-3) = 16 + ( 2-3)
= 7s = 15s

Actual red time

Phase 1 ( N – S ) Phase 2 ( E – S )
RT = Co – ( K +a ) RT = Co – ( K + a )
= 32 – ( 7 + 3) = 32 – ( 15 + 3 )
= 22s = 14s

North – South (Co=32s)

RT=22s a=3s GT= 7s

East – West (Co=32s)

RT=14s a=3s GT=15s

15
Pie Chart
- To show proportions of volumes by types of vehicles.
UIA
Route direction : West to East.
Type of movement Right Turn Movement
Type of vehicles 1 2 3 4 5 6
total 145 15 1 6 1 0

Right Turn Movement

Passenger cars
3%
9%1%0%
1%
Motorcycles
Light vans

86% Medium lorries

Heavy lorries
buses

Type of movement Through Traffic Movement

Type of vehicles 1 2 3 4 5 6
total 28 7 1 1 0 0

Thurough Traffic Movement

Passenger cars
30%
3% %
19% Motorcycles
Light vans
75% Medium lorries
Heavy Lorries
Buses

16
 Type of movement Left Turn Movement
Type of vehicles 1 2 3 4 5 6
total 147 27 3 4 0 1

Left Turn Movement

20%
2%% Passenger cars
15%
Motorcycles
Light vans

81% Medium Lorries

Heavy lorries
Buses

Taman Bandar
Route direction : East to West.
Type of movement Right Turn Movement
Type of vehicles 1 2 3 4 5 6
total 39 3 3 1 0 1

Right Turn Movement

6%
6%0% Passenger cars

19% motorcycles
51%
Light vans
Medium lorries
18%
Heavy lorries
buses

17
Type of movement Through Traffic Movement
Type of vehicles 1 2 3 4 5 6
total 11 5 0 1 0 0

Through Traffic Movement

5% 6%
0% Passenger cars
Motorcycles
28%
Light vans
61%
Medium lorries
Heavy lorries
buses

Type of movement Left Turn Movement

Type of vehicles 1 2 3 4 5 6
total 101 23 3 2 1 1

Left Turn Movement

1%
2%11%
%
18% Passenger cars
Motorcycles
Light vans
Medium lorries
77%
Heavy lorries
buses

18
 Bukit Istana
Route direction : North to South.
Type of movement Right Turn Movement.
Type of vehicles 1 2 3 4 5 6
total 76 9 3 4 0 1

RIGHT TURN MOVEMENT

Passenger cars Motorcycles Light vans Medium lorries Heavy lorries Buses

4%
0%
16%
32%

12%

36%

Type of movement Through Traffic Movement

Type of vehicles 1 2 3 4 5 6
total 574 46 11 14 6 0

THROUGH TRAFFIC MOVEMENT

Passenger cars Motorcycles Light vans Medium lorries Heavy lorries buses

0%
1%
2%2%
7%

88%

19
 Type of movement Left Turn Movement
Type of vehicles 1 2 3 4 5 6
total 122 11 1 3 0 0

LEFT TURN MOVEMENT

Passenger cars Motorcycles Light vans Medium lorries heavy lorries buses

20%
1%0%%
8%

89%

Indera Mahkota

Route direction : South to North.

Type of movement Right Turn Movement
Type of vehicles 1 2 3 4 5 6
total 261 56 8 6 0 0

RIGHT TURN MOVEMENT

Passenger cars Motorcycles Light vans Medium lorries Heavy lorries Buses

0%
2%
2%
17%

79%

20
Route direction: East to West.
Type of movement Through Traffic Movement
Type of vehicles 1 2 3 4 5 6
total 428 49 12 16 4 0

TROUGH TRAFFIC MOVEMENT

Passenger car Motorcycles Light vans Medium lorries Heavy lorries Buses

0%
2%3%1%
10%

84%

Type of movement Left Turn Movement

Type of vehicles 1 2 3 4 5 6
total 24 2 1 1 0 1

Left Turn Movement

Passenger cars Motorcycles Light vans Medium lorries Heavy lorries Buses

21
Histogram
- To illustrate traffic volume peak hour.

UIA

Pcu/hr(%) vs. Times

30

25 Peak hour = 10.55-11.00 am ( 24%)

20

15

10

Right Turn Movement

Pcu/hr(%) vs. Times

7
Peak hour= 10.06-10.10 (6%)
6

Through Traffic Movement

22
 Pcu/hr(%) vs. Times
25 Peak hour= 10.26-10.30 (23.41%)

20

15

10

Left Turn Movement

Taman Bandar

Pcu/hr(%) vs. Time

10 Peak hour= 10.11-10.15(8.75%)
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

Right Turn Movement.

23
 Pcu/hr(%) vs. Times
5
Peak hour=10.21-10.25(4.41%)
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

Through Traffic Movement.

Pcu/hr(%) vs. Times

18 Peak hour= 10.51-10.55(16.57%)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

Left Turn Movement.

24
 Indera Mahkota

Pcu/hr(%) vs. Times

45
Peak hour= 10.11-10.15(38.31%)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Right Turn Movement

Pcu/hr(%) vs. Times

70 Peak hour=10.56-11.00(65.56%)

60

50

40

30

20

10

Through Traffic Movement.

25
 Pcu/hr(%) vs. Times
9
Peak hour=10.51-10.55(7.75%)
8

Left Turn Movement.

Bukit Istana.

Pcu/hr(%) vs. Times

14
Peak hour=10.06-10.10 &10.16-10.20(11.75%)
12

10

Right Turn Movement

26
 Pcu/hr(%) vs. Times
90
Peak hour= 10.56-11.00(77.99%)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Through Traffic Movement.

Pcu/hr(%) vs. Times

20
Peak hour=10.06-10.10(17.5%)
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

Left Turn Movement.

27
 Conclusion.
The improvement of town traffic condition is largely dependent on the modern
ways of traffic management and control. Advanced traffic signal controllers and control system
contribute to the improvement of the urban traffic problem. Before design the circuit and
program, it is important to understand and identify the problem of the system. At study area
traffic volume to high especially on the road west and east.

As a conclusion, to resolve the traffic congestion in the area. The intersection

needs to be improve with construction of a flyover should be made on the main road from Bukit
istana to Indera Mahkota. This can reduce congestion and conflicts in the area it can also reduce
road accidents. Vehicles using straight roads can continue without the traffic lights.