EC2205 Electronic Circuits - I DEPT ECE 2013-2014

UNIT – I-TRANSISTOR BIAS STABILITY

PART – A
1. What is biasing?
Biasing means switching on the transistor by external means or by applying dc voltages to
establish a fixed level of current and voltage.
2. What are the types of biasing?
1.fixed bias 2. self bias 3. base bias 4. base bias with emitter feedback 5. base bias with
collector feedback.
3. Define DC load line.
It is a line drawn on the output characteristics of a transistor circuit which gives the values of Ic
& Vce when no input signal is given under dc conditions.
4. Define quiescent point.
It is a point on the dc load line which gives the values of Ic & Vce when no signal is applied.
5. Define AC load line.
It is a line drawn on the output characteristics of a transistor circuit which gives the values of Ic
& Vce when input signal is given under AC conditions.
6. Define stability factor.
It is defined as the rate of change of collector current with respect to reverse saturation current.
7. Why voltage divider bias is preferred over other types of biasing ?
This biasing is always preferred because the stability of the Q point is maintained constant.
8. Which biasing is called as universal bias stabilization?
Voltage Divider Bias.
9. Define Stability.
The stability of a system is a measure of the sensitivity of a network to variations in its
parameters.
10.What are the parameters that affect the stability .
Change in  , Vbe , Ico.
11.Define stability factor w.r.t  , Vbe , Ico . (DEC-2012)
S (Ico) = Ic / Ico
S (Vbe) = Ic / Vbe
S () = Ic /  
12. Write the difference between FET & BJT .
BJT FET
1.There will be linear relationship There is a non linear relationship
Between input and output Between input and output.
2.The input is controlled by current The input is controlled by voltage.
13.Write the types of FET biasing.
1. Fixed biasing 2. Self bias 3. Voltage divider bias.
14.Draw the circuit of Fixed bias using BJT.

St.Joseph’s College of Engineering/Institute of Technology 1 ISO 9001:2008

EC2205 Electronic Circuits - I DEPT ECE 2013-2014

15.Draw the circuit of self bias using BJT.

16.What is the need for compensation technique. (DEC-2012)

Due to negative feedback the gain of the amplifier is reduced . To overcome this compensation
technique is used.
17.Draw the constant current circuit .

18.Write the expression for stability factor of Base bias.

S = 1+
19.Write the general expression for stability factor.
S = 1+ / 1-  dI / dIc
B

20.Write the application of JFET.

It is used as VVR.
It is used in high impedence amplifier.
21.What is the advantage of using emitter resistance in the context of biasing?
Emitter resistance increases stability by negative feedback. Hence it is used.
22.List out the biasing methods of MOSFET.
Drain feed back bias ,Self bias
23.What are the advantage and disadvantage of fixed bias?
Advantage: This circuit is very simple as it requires only onje resistor and the calculations
are easy.
Disadvantage: It provides poor stabilization.
24.What are the parameters that define the Q point of BJT?
Collector to emitter voltage VCE and Collector current Ic.
25.What are the disadvantage of base bias with collector feedback?
This circuit does not provide good stabilization. This circuit provides negative feedback
which reduces the gain of the amplifier.

St.Joseph’s College of Engineering/Institute of Technology 2 ISO 9001:2008

 EC2205 Electronic Circuits - I DEPT ECE 2013-2014
PART – B
1. Explain about fixed bias of BJT and derive the expression for stability factor .
2. Explain about voltage divider bias of BJT and derive the expression for stability factor.
3. Explain about the compensation technique to stabilize Q point using diode and thermistor.
4. Write the factors that affect the stability of Q point and explain how self bias circuit acts as a
constant current circuit? (DEC-2012)
5. Explain about source self bias of FET and derive the expression for stability factor .
6. Explain about voltage divider bias of FET and derive the expression for stability factor.
7. What is the need for biasing? Define DC and AC load line. Explain how JFET acts as a VVR.
(DEC-2012)
8. Design a collector to base bias circuit for Vcc =15V, Vce =5V, Ic = 5mA,hfe = 100.
9. A transistor with  = 50, Vbe = 0.7V, Vcc = 22.5V & Rc = 5.6K is used in a biasing circuit. It is
designed to establish the quiescent point at Vce = 12V, Ic = 1.5mA, S = 3. Find the values of RE,
R1 & R2.
10. Explain thermistor and sensistor compensation technique
11. Explain the biasing technique of enhancement type MOSFET
12. Explain the biasing technique of depletion type MOSFET
13. i) A self biased P-Channel JFET has a pinch off voltage =%V and Idss = 12mA. The supply
voltage available is 12V. Determine the values of resistors RD and RS so that ID = 5mA and
Vds = 6V.
ii) Calculate the self bias operation point for the FET circuit . Also calculate the values of
resistors RD and RS to obtain the bias condition. Given the maximum value of drain
current as 10 mA and Vgs = -2.2V at ID = 5mA

UNIT -II-MIDBAND ANALYSIS OF TRANSISTOR SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS

PART – A
1.Write the procedure to draw the a.c. equivalent of a network.
i. Setting all the dc sources to zero and replacing them by a short circuit equivalent.
ii.Replacing all capacitors by a short circuit.
iii.Removing all elements bypassed by the short circuit equivalents introduced by step 1 &
step 2.
iv.Redrawing the n/w in a more convenient & logical form.
2.Draw the hybrid model of CE amplifier. (DEC-2012)

3. What is the effect of coupling capacitors at low frequency?

At low frequency the coupling capacitors acts as open circuit.
4. What is the effect of coupling capacitors at high frequency
At high frequency the coupling capacitors acts as short circuit
5.Write the hybrid equations of CE amplifier.
Vb = hie ib + hre Vc
Ic = hfe ib + hoe Vc

St.Joseph’s College of Engineering/Institute of Technology 3 ISO 9001:2008

 EC2205 Electronic Circuits - I DEPT ECE 2013-2014
6. Write the hybrid equations of CB amplifier.
Ve = hib ie + hrb Vc
Ic = hfb ie + hob Vc
7.Write the hybrid equations of CCamplifier.
Vb = hic ib + hrc Ve
Ic = hfe ib + hoc Ve
8.What is meant by hybrid parametes?
The parameters which has a combination of units are called hybrid parameters
9.Give the condition for Approximate analysis of small signal model.
Product of hoe. And RL’ must be < 0.1.is the basic condition for Approximate analysis of small
signal model.
10. What is the main application of CB configuration of transistor?
CB configuration is mainly used in high frequency switches and analyzing the switching model
11.Define millers theorem.
It states that the capacitance which connects the input and output of the circuit is split into
input miller capacitance Ci and output miller capacitance Co.
12.Write the uses of CE amplifier.
i. It is used as phase inverter.
ii. It is used as voltage amplifier.
13.Write the characteristics of CB amplifier.
i.Input impedence is low.
ii.Output impedence is high
iii.Current gain is less than unity.
iv.High voltage gain.
14.What is bootstrapping.
Bootstrapping is the technique by which the change in voltage in one end of the resistor
causes the same change in voltage in the other end also.
15.Define CMRR.
It is the ratio of differential mode voltage gain to the common mode voltage gain
16.Define bisection theorem. (DEC-2012)
Any network which has a mirror symmetry at the imaginary line, then that can be split into two
equal networks.
17.Draw the circuit for Darlington pair.

18.What is a differential amplifier?.

An amplifier which amplifies the difference between the two inputs are called differential
amplifier.
19..Why constant current source biasing is preferred for differential amplifier ?
The constant current source is preferred in order to increase the input resistance and to make
the common mode gain zero.
21.What is difference mode signal?
When two separate signal inputs are applied to the operational amplifier, the resulting signal
is the difference between two signals . This is called difference mode signal.

St.Joseph’s College of Engineering/Institute of Technology 4 ISO 9001:2008

 EC2205 Electronic Circuits - I DEPT ECE 2013-2014
22.What is common mode signal?
When both the input signals are the same , the resulting signal is the average of the sum of
two signals.
23.List the applications of differential amplifier.
i.Linear amplifier
ii.Limiter
iii.Amplitude modulator.
24.What are the limitations of h-parameters?
i. The h-parameters can subject to variation in temperature, so it is lightly difficult to
compute accuracy.
ii.h-parameters can be used to analyze only the small signal amplifiers.
25.Why should a differential amplifier have a high CMRR?
In order to have output voltage free from common mode signal , the CMRR should be as
large as possible.

PART – B
1.The hybrid parameters of a transistor used as an amplifier in the CE configuration are hie =
800, hfe = 46, hoe = 80 x 10 -6 and hre = 5.4x 10-4 . If RL = 5K and Rs = 500.Calculate Ai, Ri
Av,Pi. (DEC-2012)
2.Explain about CE amplifier and derive the expression for h parameters of the same.
3. Explain about CB amplifier and derive the expression for h parameters of the same.
4. Explain about CC amplifier and derive the expression for h parameters of the same.
5.Derive the expression for gain , input impedence and output impedence of CC amplifier.
6. Derive the expression for gain , input impedence and output impedence of CE amplifier.
7. Derive the expression for gain , input impedence and output impedence of CB amplifier.
8.Explain about darlington amplifier and derive the expression for gain , input impedence and
output impedence . (DEC-2012)
9. Explain about CS amplifier and derive the expression for gain , input impedence and output
impedence .
10. Explain about CG amplifier and derive the expression for gain , input impedence and output
Impedence.
11. Explain about CD amplifier and derive the expression for gain , input impedence and output
Impedence.
12.Explain differential amplifier and derive the expression for common mode gain and differential
mode gain.
13.How to improve CMRR? Explain with a circuit. Write short notes on transfer characteristics of
differential amplifier .
14.Discuss the advantages and limitations of Multistage amplifier.(DEC-2012)
15.The differential amplifier has the following values Rc = 50K, Re = 100K and Rs = 10K. The
transistor parameters are r = 50K= hie. hfe = Vo = 2 x103, ro = 400K.Determine Ad, Ac and CMRR
in db.

St.Joseph’s College of Engineering/Institute of Technology 5 ISO 9001:2008

 EC2205 Electronic Circuits - I DEPT ECE 2013-2014
UNIT – III- FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AMPLIFIERS
PART – A
1.State the reason for fall in gain at low and high frequencies.
The coupling capacitance has very high reactance at low frequency, therefore it will allow
only a small part of signal from one stage and in addition to that the bypass capacitor cannot
bypass the emitter resistor effectively. As a result of these factors the voltage gain rolls off at low
frequency.
At high frequency the reactance of coupling capacitor is very low, therefore it behaves like a
short circuit. As a result of this the loading effect of the next stage increases which reduces the
voltage gain. Hence the voltage gain rolls off at high frequency.
2.Write short note on effects of coupling capacitor.
The coupling capacitor transmits a.c. signal but blocks d.c. This prevents d.c. interference
between various stages and the shifting of operating point. It prevents the loading effect between
adjacent stages.
3.Where do we use wide band amplifiers?
It is used in tuned amplifiers, amplitude modulators& video amplifiers

4.How to improve high frequency response of a single stage amplifier?

High frequency response can be improved by using hybrid pi model of the transistor.
5.Define unity gain frequency.
It is the frequency at which the short circuit current gain becomes unity.
6.What are cascade amplifiers?
It is an amplifier which has a number of stages in which all the stages are CE amplifiers.
7.What is a miller capacitance of a transistor?
In any equivalent circuit if the capacitor is connected between input and output, that can be
split into two capacitor as Cmi & Cmo. These are called miller capacitance.
8.Draw the hybrid  model of CE transistor.

9.What are the merits of hybrid  model?

It gives accurate values.
High frequency response can be improved.
10.What is millers theorem?
Millers theorem states that the capacitor connected between the input and output can be split in
To two net works such that one network appears as the mirror image of the other one. The
impedance of such network can be taken by open circuiting or short circuiting the common
connetions exist between the two net works.
11.Define the frequencies fT & f
fT – It is the frequency at which short circuit gain becomes unity.
f - It is the frequency at which short circuit gain becomes unity.
12.Define frequency response.
It is a response drawn between the frequency Vs gain of the amplifier

St.Joseph’s College of Engineering/Institute of Technology 6 ISO 9001:2008

 EC2205 Electronic Circuits - I DEPT ECE 2013-2014
13.Draw the low frequency incremental model of FET.

.14.Draw the frequency response of amplifiers.

15. What is rise time ? How it is related to upper cut off frequency?
It is the time in which the signal is increased from 10% to 90% of its maximum value.
16. What is multistage amplifier?
It is an amplifier which has more than one no. of stages to increase the gain of the amplifier.
17. Define sag. How it is related to lower cut off frequency?
Sag or %tilt = V- V’ / 100
18. Define bandwidth. (DEC-2012)
It is the difference between the upper cut off frequency and the lower cutoff frequency.
19. Write the disadvantage of RC coupled amplifier.
The circuit is complex.
The gain is reduced.
20. What is 3 db frequency?
The frequency at which we have 70.7% of fall from the maximum gain is called 3db frequency.
21.In an amplifier the maximum voltage gain is 2000, occurs at 2KHz. It falls to 1414 at
10Hz and 50Hz.Find i) B.W ii) Lower and upper cut off frequency.
B.W = 50Hz – 10Hz = 40Hz.
F1 = 10Hz
F2 = 50Hz
22.A three stage amplifier has a first stage voltage gain of 100, second stage voltage gain is
200 & third stage gain of 400.Find the total voltage gain in db.
Gv = 20log10 100 + 20log10 200 + 20log10 400.
23. Define upper and lower cut off frequencies of an amplifier. (DEC-2012
The frequency at which the voltage gain of the amplifier is exactly 70.7% of the maximum gain
is known as lower cut off frequency.
The frequeny at which the voltage gain of the amplifier, is exactly 70.7% o0f the maximum
gain is known as upper cutoff frequency.
24.Define the term bandwidth and gain bandwidth product.
Bandwidth is defined as the range of frequency over which the gain remains constant.
The product of midband gain and bandwidth is called gain bandwidth product .
25.If the rise time of a BJT is 35 ns.What is the B.W. that can be obtained using BJT.
B.W = 0.35tr = 0.35 / 35GHz = 10MHz.

St.Joseph’s College of Engineering/Institute of Technology 7 ISO 9001:2008

 EC2205 Electronic Circuits - I DEPT ECE 2013-2014
PART – B
1. Explain about low frequency analysis of BJT and derive the expression for lower cut off
frequency and also plot the graph.
2. Determine the effect of Cs, Cc & Ce on the low frequency response of BJT.
3. Explain about the high frequency response of BJT and derive the expression for upper cut off
frequency and also plot the graph.
4. Explain about low frequency analysis of FET and derive the expression for lower cut off
frequency and upper cut off frequency.
5. Explain about the high frequency response of FET and derive the expression for lower cut off
frequency and upper cut off frequency. (DEC-2012)
6. Draw the hybrid  model of BJT an derive the expression for f.
7. What is multistage amplifier .Explain about the frequency response for multistage amplifer.
Derive the expression for overall upper and lower cutoff frequency of the same. (DEC-2012)
8. i.Define Rise time, Bandwidth & Frequency response.
ii.Derive the expression for rise time and derive how it relates with upper cut off frequency.
9. i.Define upper and lower cutoff frequency, Fall time.
ii.What is sag and derive the expression to relate sag and lower cut off frequency.
10. Discuss the frequency response characteristics of RC coupled amplifier . Derive the expression
for gain. (DEC-2012).

UNIT – IV-LARGE SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS

PART – A
1. What is the classification of power amplifier?
class A ,class B, class C, class AB & class D.
2. Explain the difference between voltage and power amplifier.
Voltage Amplifier: The input given to the transistor is in millivolts. The transistor used is a small
signal transistor.
Power Amplifier: The input given to the transistor is in volts. The transistor used is a power
transistor.
3. Explain why power amplifier is also known as large signal amplifier.
Since the output obtained from the power amplifier is very large , it is known as large signal
amplifier.
4. How do you bias class A amplifier?
The Q point should be kept at the center of the DC load line to bias the Class A amplifier.
5. Which power amplifier gives minimum distortion.
Class C power amplifier gives minimum distortion.
6. Define class A power amplifier.
It is an amplifier in which the input signals and the biasing is such that the output current flows
for full cycle of the input signal.
7. Define class B power amplifier.
It is an amplifier in which the input signal and the biasing is such that the output current flows
for half cycle of the input signal
8. Define class C power amplifier.
It is an amplifier in which the input signal and the biasing is such that the output current
flows for less than half cycle of the input signal
9. Define class AB power amplifier.
It is an amplifier in which the input signal and the biasing is such that the output
current flows for more than half cycle but less than full cycle of the input signal
10. Define class D power amplifier.
It is an amplifier which is used in digital circuits and also the input signals are pulses.

St.Joseph’s College of Engineering/Institute of Technology 8 ISO 9001:2008

 EC2205 Electronic Circuits - I DEPT ECE 2013-2014
11. Give two applications of class C power amplifier.
1.It is used to generate pulses.
2. It is used to trigger other devices.
12. Write any two characteristics of class A amplifier.
1.The Q point is placed at the center of the DC load line.
2.The overall efficiency is 25%.
13. Write any two characteristics of class B amplifier.
1.The Q point is placed at the cutoff region.
2.The overall efficiency is 78.5%
14. What is a push pull amplifier?
Class B amplifier is used as a push pull amplifier which uses two transistors.Both the transistors
work as a push pull arrangement.. i.e one transistor will be on at a time.
15. What is cross over distortion? How it can be eliminated?
There is a 0.7V delay in between every half cycle. Due to this the sine wave will not be a
continues wave. This is called cross over distortion. It can be eliminated by class AB amplifier.
16. What are the advantages of push pull amplifier?
The harmonic distortions are removed.
The efficiency is increased.
17. What is complementary symmetry amplifier?
The class B amplifier which uses both NPN and PNP transistor also both the halves are
symmetrical is called complementary symmetry amplifier.
18. Why transformer coupling is preferred rather than direct coupling?
The power loss is reduced.
The efficiency is increased.
19. What is heat sink?
It is a mechanical device which is mounted on the transistor in order to increase the surface area
so that the heat can be dissipated without damaging the transistor.
20. Define thermal run away.
As the temperature changes the β value will be changed which increases the collector current .
this will increase the power dissipation which further increases the heat flow. This is a
cumulative process. Due to this the transistor will be damaged. This is called thermal runaway.
21. Define thermal resistance .
It is the ratio of temperature difference to the power dissipation.
Θ = T2 – T1 / Pd
22. Determine the power handling capacity for a 60W power transistor rated at 25C,if
derating is required above 25C at a case temperature of 100C.
The derating factor is 0.25W/C.
Pd(T1) = Pd(To) – [(T1 – T2) x derating factor]
Pd(T1) = 41.25W
23. An amplifier has an efficiency of 32% and a collector dissipation of 0.8W. Calculate the
d.c. power input and a.c.power output of the circuit.
Pin(d.c) = 2Pc(d.c) + Po(a.c)
= 2.35W
Po(a.c) = Pin(d.c)(.32)
0.752W
24. List out the applications of Class-C power amplifier.
i. Used in tuning circuits,
ii. Used in Audio amplifiers transmitter and receiver circuits for tuning purpose.

St.Joseph’s College of Engineering/Institute of Technology 9 ISO 9001:2008

 EC2205 Electronic Circuits - I DEPT ECE 2013-2014
25. What is second harmonics in power amplifiers? (DEC-2012)
When non linear distortion is present at the output waveform, it contains lots of harmonic
components that is second, third and higher harmonic components. Out of these, the second
harmonic components contribute more to the distortion.

PART – B
1. Explain about Class A RC coupled amplifier and derive the expression for efficiency of the
same.
2. Explain about Class A transformer coupled amplifier and derive the expression for efficiency of
the same. (DEC-2012)
3. Explain about Class B pushpull amplifier and derive the expression for efficiency of the same.
4. What is crossover distortion and explain a method to eliminate cross over distortion.
5. What is heat sink ? Explain the power handling capacity of transistor with and without heat sink.
Write short notes on heat sink design.
6. A loudspeaker of 8 is connected to the secondary of the output transformer of a class A
amplifier circuit . The quiescent collector current is 140mA. The turns ratio of the transformer is
3:1. The collector supply voltage is 10V. If a.c power delivered to the loudspeaker is 0.48W,
assuming ideal transformer, Calculate i) A.C. power developed across primary.ii)R.M.S value of
load voltage iii)R.M.S value of primary voltage iv) R.M.S value of load current v) R.M.S value
of primary current vi)The D.C power input vii) The efficiency viii) power dissipation
7. Explain the working of complimentary symmetry class B push pull amplifier.What are its merits
and de-merits? (DEC-2012)
8. A power transistor of a class A amplifier is supplied from a d.c. supply of 10V. If the maximum
collector current is 100mA , find the power transferred to a 4 load, if load is a) directly coupled
and b) transformer coupled.
9. i.A class B output stage has an efficiency of 60%. If the maximum collector dissipation of each
transistor is 2.5W. Calculate the d.c. input power and the a.c. output power .
ii. The maximum collector dissipation of a transistor in a class A amplifier is 10W. When
a signal is applied, the collector efficiency of the circuit is 32%. Calculate the a.c.
power output.
10. i.Explain about class D amplifier.
ii.Prove that the overall efficiency and collector efficiency of a transformer coupled class
A amplifier is same.

UNIT V-RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES

PART - A

1. List out the major blocks present in a power supply unit?

The major blocks present in a power supply unit are- Step down Transformer, Rectifier, Filter,
Voltage regulator.
2. Define: Ripple factor.
It is the ratio of a.c voltage to d.c voltage or a.c. current to d.c. current
3. What is meant by transformer utilization factor?
It is the ratio of power delivered to the load to the volt ampere rating of transformer.
4. What is a bleeder resistor?
It is a resistor used in CLC filter in order to overcome the changes in the reactance of the
inductor.
5. Indicate two advantages of bleeder resistor.
It protects the device .
It gives safety to the person handling the device.

St.Joseph’s College of Engineering/Institute of Technology 10 ISO 9001:2008

 EC2205 Electronic Circuits - I DEPT ECE 2013-2014
6. What is meant by rectification?
It is the process of changing the a.c input signal to d.c output.
7. What are the advantages of bridge rectifier?
1.No bulky transformer is required.
2.PIV is Vm.
8. Write the disadvantage of full wave rectifier.
1.It needs bulky transformer.
2.PIV is 2Vm.
9. What is the value of ripple factor for a half wave rectifier & full wave bridge rectifier?
For H.W.R 1.21
For F.W.R 0.48
10. Write the advantage of fullwave rectifier.
i.Efficiency is increased
iiRipple factor is reduced.
11. What are the different types of regulators?
Series and Shunt regulators.
12. Name the different types of filters.
L,C, LC & CLC filters.
13. Name two types of filter used in rectifier.
C & LC filter.
14. What is filter?
It is a device used to remove the unwanted a.c. component present in the d.c. output.
15. What is the action of shunt capacitor filter?
It removes the ripples present in the d.c. output.
16. Define: Load regulation
It is the ratio of change in output voltage per unit change in load current.
17. Explain two advantages of SMPS.
i.Efficiency is high
ii.It does not requires bulky transformer.
18. Define line regulation.
It is the ratio of change in output voltage per unit change in input voltage
19. Give the formula for ripple factor for multiple LC filter with FWR.
Γ = (√2Xc1Xc2 ) / (3XL1XL2)
20. What is SMPS?
It is a switching regulator which requires a transistor and a choke. The transistor is used as a
control switch and is operated in cutoff and saturation region. It produces discrete pulses instead
of steady flow of current.
21. How switching regulators are classified?
Switching regulators are claccified in to three categories based on the switching and filtering
functions as-
1.Transformer based switching regulator or simply switch mode regulator
2. Buck switching regulator
3.Boost switching regulator.
22. Define negative temperature coefficient.
As the temperature increases the resistance of the device decreases.
23. How SCR’s can be used as a power control device?
It is used to rectify the given input signal based on the firing angle.
24. Define: Form factor.
It is defined as the ratio of rms value to the average value.
25. Define PIV.
The maximum reverse voltage of the diode without damaging the diode is called PIV.

St.Joseph’s College of Engineering/Institute of Technology 11 ISO 9001:2008

 EC2205 Electronic Circuits - I DEPT ECE 2013-2014

PART – B
1. Explain about half wave rectifier and derive the expression for Idc Irms ,  and ripple factor.
2. Draw the circuit of full wave bridge rectifier and explain its working. Obtain its ripple factor and
compare it with half wave rectifier.
3. What is the necessity for regulation of output dc voltage in a power supply? Draw the circuit
diagram of a series regulator and describe its working.
4. Explain in detail the shunt and series type regulators using BJT.
5. Draw the block diagram of shunt voltage regulator and explain about Zener shunt regulator.
6. Derive the ripple factor expression of L and C filters.
7. Explain about voltage doubler and voltage tripler circuit(DEC-2012).
8. Explain SCR full wave rectifier and derive the expression for Vdc and Idc. (DEC-2012)
9. Explain about SCR 90 variable halfwave rectifier and 180 variable halfwave rectifier.
10. Draw the block diagram of switched mode power supply and explain the operation. (DEC-2012)

********

St.Joseph’s College of Engineering/Institute of Technology 12 ISO 9001:2008