CONTENTS:

1. ABSTRACT
2.BASIC CONCEPT OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
&NUMERICAL METHODS
3.REAL LIFE APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL METHODS.
4. SOLUTION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION BY DIFFERENT
NUMERICAL METHODS
5. APPLICATION
6. CONCLUSION
 ABSTRACT:
This paper is mainly analytic and comparative among various
numerical methods for solving differential equations. It deals with
the solution of an ODE by Picard’s method, Taylor series method,
and Euler’s method. Lastly it gives a brief idea about the
application of Euler’s method in chemical engineering, civil
engineering and Industrial engineering.
 BASIC CONCEPT OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
AND NUMERICAL METHODS
Differential equation arises in many areas of science and technology.
The study of differential equation is wide field in pure and applied
mathematics, physics, meteorology and engineering. Pure
mathematics focuses on the existence and uniqueness of the solution
where as applied mathematics emphasizes the justification of
approximating solution. Differential equation play an important
role in modelling virtuality every physical , chemical, technical or
biological process from celestial motion to bridge design.
Differential equation those used to solve real life problems may not
necessarily be directly solvable ,instead solution can be
approximated using numerical methods.
WHY NUMERICAL METHODS ARE PREFARABLE ?
Many problems in science and engineering can be reduced to the
problem of solving differential equation under certain condition. The
analytic methods of solution can be applied to solve only a selected class
of differential equations. Those equations which possess physical system
can not process in general form of solution and hence recourse must be
made to numerical methods to obtain the solution.
Sometimes a differential equation can not be solved at all or gives
solution or very difficult to obtain. For solving such differential
equations numerical methods are required. In numerical methods we
need not know the relation ship between variables but we need to know
the value of the dependent variable for the certain values of independent
variable.
REAL LIFE APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL METHODS :
The over whole goal of numerical methods is the design and
analysis of technique to give approximate but accurate solutions to
hard problems, the variety of which are given below.
(a). Numerical weather prediction feasible.
(b). Computing the trajectory of a spacecraft.
(c). Car companies can improve car crash safety of their vehicles.
By computer simulations,which are essentially consists of solving
partial differential equation numerically.
(d) Hedge funds(investment fund) use all tools of numerical
analysis to calculate the value of stocks.
(e). Insurance companies use numerical programmes for actual
analysis.
(f). Airlines use sophisticated optimization algorithms to decide
ticket prices, airplane and crew assignments and fuel needs.
SOLUTON OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION BY DIFFERENT
NUMERICAL METHOS:
There are verities of method to solve the differential equation
numerically, but we will discuss abut three important method .
i) Taylor’s series method
ii) Picard’s successive approximation method
iii) Euler’s method
Taylor’ series method :
𝒉𝟐 ′′ 𝒉𝟑 ′′′
GENERAL FORMULA : 𝒚𝒏+𝟏 = 𝒚𝒏 + 𝒉𝒚′𝒏 + 𝒚 + 𝒚 + ………
𝟐 𝒏 𝟔 𝒏
𝒉𝒌+𝟏 𝑲+𝟏
ESTIMATION OF ERROR: 𝑬𝑻 = 𝒚 (𝜽)
𝒌+𝟏 !
PICARD’S METHOD:
𝒙
GENERAL FORMULA: 𝒚(𝒏+𝟏 ) = 𝒚𝟎 + ‫𝒇 𝒙׬‬ ( 𝒙 , 𝒚(𝒏) ) dx
𝟎

EULER’S METHOD :
GENERAL FORMULA : 𝒚𝒏+𝟏 = 𝒚𝒏 + hf( 𝒙𝒏 , 𝒚𝒏 ) ; n =0,1,2,3…
APPLICATION OF EULER METHOD:
Euler method has a vast application in different sections of
science and technology. Some of the fields is given as follows:

Civil Engineering
Civil engineering is a professional engineeringdiscipline
that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the
physical and naturally built environment, including works such as
roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage systems, pipelines,
and railways.
Industrial Engineering:
Industrial engineering. Industrial engineering is a branch
of engineering which deals with the optimization of complex
processes, systems, or organizations. Industrial engineers work to
eliminate waste of time, money, materials, person-hours, machine
time, energy and other resources that do not generate value.
Chemical Engineering:
Chemical Engineering deals with the design and maintenance
of chemical plants and the development of chemical processes for
converting raw materials or chemicals into valuable forms. It
combines knowledge of Chemistry and Engineering for the
production of chemicals and related by-products.
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