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Strategic Perspectives and Technical

Architecture Overview of Indian Space


Exploration Missions
AIAA 2010-0973

By
Prasad Sundararajan
48th Aerospace January
Sciences Meeting (ASM)
6, 2010
Strategic Perspectives and Technical Architecture
Overview of Indian Space Exploration Missions
● Indian Space Program (ISP)
○ Application Oriented - Telecom, Remote Sensing, Meteorology
○ Strategic Framework – Space Policy Goals
○ Emerging Trend –Space Exploration Missions

● Indian Space Exploration Program (ISEP) – Mission


Architecture
○ Lunar Exploration – Chandrayaan 1 (2008/09) & Chandrayaan 2
(2013)
○ Space Astronomy – Astrosat (2010), Aditya (2012)
○ Microgravity Research
– Space Capsule Recovery Experiment: SRE 1 (2007) & SRE 2
(2010)
○ Human Spaceflight Program – first LEO mission by 2015-20
○ Planetary Exploration
– Future Missions to Mars (2014), Asteroids/ Comets (2016) and
Strategic Perspectives and Technical Architecture
Overview of Indian Space Exploration Missions
Strategic Perspectives and Technical Architecture
Overview of Indian Space Exploration Missions
Chandrayaan-1
Objectives:
Mission ● Place an unmanned spacecraft in polar
orbit around the moon
● Conduct mineralogical and chemical
mapping of the entire lunar surface
(95%)
● Upgrade technological base for future
planetary missions

Orbit: Lunar Polar Orbit at 100 KM Circular


Launched by Indian PSLV XL.

Timeline: Oct 22, 2008 - Aug 29, 2009

Spacecraft:
Basic architecture derived from the IRS
satellite bus, Spacecraft weight 1380 kg.

Single solar panel generated 700 W power.


Strategic Perspectives and Technical Architecture
Overview of Indian Space Exploration Missions
Chandrayaan-2
Objectives:
Mission ● Investigate the origin and evolution of the
Moon with improved versions of
Chandrayaan-2 Indian Lunar Rover
Chandrayaan-1 instruments for imaging,
mineralogy and chemical analysis
● Study of lunar radiation environment with
alpha and neutron spectrometers

Timeline: 2013 (Launch by Indian PSLV/ GSLV)

Spacecraft:
Lunar Orbiter basic architecture derived from the
IRS satellite bus.

Russian Lunar Lander & Rover

Indian Lunar Orbiter & Mini-Rover

In-situ analysis of lunar regolith by instruments


Strategic Perspectives and Technical Architecture
Overview of Indian Space Exploration Missions
ASTROSAT
Objectives:
Mission ● Simultaneous multi-wavelength monitoring of
intensity variations in a broad range of
Multi-wavelength Indian Astronomy Satellite
cosmic sources (but not the best sensitivity/
resolution)
● Monitoring the X-ray sky for new transients
● Sky surveys in the hard X-ray and UV bands
● Broadband spectroscopic studies of X-ray
binaries, AGN, SNRs, clusters of galaxies
and stellar coronae
● Study of periodic and non-periodic variability
of X-ray sources

Timeline: 2010-2015 (Launch by Indian PSLV)

Orbit: 650 km altitude circular orbit, with an


orbital inclination of 8°

Spacecraft:
Strategic Perspectives and Technical Architecture
Overview of Indian Space Exploration Missions
SRE 1 &Objectives:
2
Missions● Develop and demonstrate capability to
recover an orbiting capsule back to earth and
Space Capsule Recovery Experiment
to carryout micro-gravity experiments in orbit.

Timeline:
SRE-1 (Jan. 10-22, 2007); Polar SSO at 635 km.
Launched as a co-passenger on PSLV-C7.
Recovered from Indian Ocean.
SRE-2 (2010); LV: PSLV

Spacecraft:
Technologies tested in SRE-1 include navigation,
guidance and control systems, hypersonic
aero-thermo dynamics, communication black-out
management, deceleration and flotation systems.

SRE-2: Three experiments to be conducted


1. Growth of E-coli cells in a bio-reactor
Strategic Perspectives and Technical Architecture
Overview of Indian Space Exploration Missions
Human Spaceflight
Objectives:
Program ● Develop a fully autonomous manned space
vehicle to carry two crew to 400 km LEO and
Indian Human Spaceflight Program safe return to earth after mission duration of
(Phase 1 – LEO Mission) few orbits to 2 days extendable up to 7 days.
● Rendezvous and docking capability with
space station/ orbital platform, safety
provisions and provision for extra vehicular
activity.

Timeline: 2015-20 (Launch by Indian GSLV mk2)

Technology Development:
Human Rated GSLV mk2 & mk3

Crew Module and escape system (for 2 to 3)

Critical technology development areas, astronaut


training, new launch pad for HSF Missions
Strategic Perspectives and Technical Architecture
Overview of Indian Space Exploration Missions
Technology
● Space Access - Launch Vehicles
Development
○ Up-rated PSLV XL – launched Chandrayaan-1
○ GSLV mk2 with Indian Cryogenic Engine, Human rated
○ GSLV mk3 – (4.5 tons GEO, human-rated, deep-space
missions)

● Ground Segment
○ Indian Deep Space Network (18 m and 32 m antennas)
○ Indian Space Science Data Center (ISSDC) for space
exploration missions
○ Space Science Instrumentation Facility (detectors/ sensors)
○ Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (graduates)
○ Advanced Propulsion and Power Systems, NGC and In-situ
analysis tools
Strategic Perspectives and Technical Architecture
Overview of Indian Space Exploration Missions

Indian Space Program -


Economics
Strategic Perspectives and Technical Architecture
Overview of Indian Space Exploration Missions
Strategic Perspectives and Technical Architecture
Overview of Indian Space Exploration Missions
Findings &
● Indian Space Program (ISP)
Conclusion
○ Founding vision – Utilize space assets for socio-economic
benefits
○ Telecom (INSAT Series), Remote-Sensing (IRS Series),
Meteorology Satellites
○ Emerging Trend – Dedicated Space Exploration Missions and
HSF Program
○ International Collaboration (with emphasis on mutual scientific
and technical benefit, Enhance stature of nation as a
space/technology power)
○ Indigenous capability in Launch Vehicles and all facets of space
exploration

● Indian Space Exploration Program (ISEP)


○ To understand the evolution and composition of Solar System

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