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CHAPTER 03 – PROPERTIES OF MATTER
---------------------------------
AIR: its density is 0.0013 g/cm3
ALUMINUM: this light metal has a density of 2.7 g/cm3
AMORPHOUS: solids that lose their shape
AMOUNT: the density of a substance does not depend on the
______ of substance present
ARGENTUM: it is the Latin name of silver
AURUM: it is the Latin name of gold
BOILING: the ______ point of hydrogen is -252.9 °C
BURN: paper, wood, and carbon are substances that can _____
BURNING: doing that to a substance may change its
properties
CALCIUM: this element is good for the bones
CARBON: its boiling point is 4,200 °C
CELSIUS: the boiling point of water is 100 ______ degrees
CHANGES: physical ______ do not produce new substances
CHEMICAL: these properties describe how a substance change
into other new substances
CHLORINE: it helps kill bacteria in swimming pools
COLOR: a physical property
COLORS: the ______ of gold and carbon are different
COMPARE: the property of density allows us to ______
different types of matter
CONDUCTORS: they have high values of conductivity
CONTAINERS: liquids have definite volumes but they take the
shape of their ______
CRYSTAL: a type of solid where particles are arranged in
repeating patterns
DECREASES: the density of air ________ with the altitude
DEFINITE: gases do not have ______ shapes nor volumes
DENSITIES: helium and air have different ______
DENSITY: Mass ÷ Volume
DEW: some cool mornings water vapor condenses and form that
DIVIDED: volume is equal to mass ______ by density
DRAWN: the property of ductility allows a metal to be
______ into fine wire
DUCTILITY: a useful property of metals
EQUAL: specific volume = Mass of substance ÷ Mass of ______
volume of water
EXPAND: most substances do that when heated
EXPANSION: it is a physical property
EXTENSIVE: physical properties that depend on the amount of
mass present
FERRUM: it is the Latin name of iron
FLAMMABILITY: a chemical property
FLAMMABLE: these materials can easily catch fire
FLUORINE: this element helps keep healthy teeth
FORCE: when water freezes and expands it can exert a huge
______
FOUR: between zero and ______ Celsius degrees water
experiences an increase in density
FUSION: heat of _____ is the heat needed to change from
solid to liquid
FUZZY: looking through translucent materials produce
_______ images
GALLIUM: this metal melts in the palm of your hands
GAS: it has more energy than the same substance as a liquid
GASES: they don't have definite volumes but they take the
shape of their containers
GASOLINE: its density is 0.7 g/ml
GENERAL: density is a ______ property of matter
GERMANIUM: this metalloid is important in the computer
industry
GOLD: its density is 19.3 g/cm3
GRAVITY: weight is the force of ______ on matter
GRAY: metalloids are usually white or ______ in color
HAMMERED: the property of malleability allows a metal to be
______ into thin sheets
HARDNESS: a physical property
HELIUM: its boiling point is -268.9 °C
HETEROGENEOUS: this matter has parts with different
properties
HOMOGENEOUS: this matter has the same properties throughout
HONEY: it has a high viscosity
HYDRARGYRUM: it is the Latin name of mercury
HYDROGEN: the most abundant element in the universe
ICE: its density is 0.92 g/cm3
IDENTITY: physical properties can be observed without
changing the ______ of the substance
INERTIA: it is a property of matter
INSULATORS: they have high values of resistivity
INTENSIVE: physical properties that don't depends on the
amount of mass present
IRON: its melting point is 1,535 °C
KINETIC: adding heat increases that energy of the molecules
of a substance
LEAD: a thick sheet of this metal can stop X-rays
LIQUID: the particles in a ______ are close together but
are free to move
LIQUIDS: ______ have definite volumes but not definite
shapes
LIVING: ______ organisms need oxygen to survive
MAGNETIC: strong _____ fields can eliminate the
superconducting properties of a material
MALLEABILITY: a great property of metals
MASS: a general property of matter
MATTER: mass is the amount of ______ in an object
MELTING: the ______ point of nitrogen is -209.9 °C
MERCURY: this metal is a liquid at room temperature
METALLOIDS: they have properties of both metals and
nonmetals
METALS: they are good conductors of heat and electricity
MILLILITER: the density of water is 1.0 gram per ______
MULTIPLIED: mass = density ______ by volume
NITROGEN: air contains this element
NEVER: the taste test is ______ done in the chemistry lab
NOBLE: these gases have no chemical reactivity
NONMETALS: they are usually poor conductors of electricity
and heat
ODOR: it could be a physical or a chemical property of
matter
OILS: they have high viscosities
OPAQUE: materials that do not transmit light are called
that
OXYGEN: this element is needed for substances to burn
PHYSICAL: these properties can be extensive and intensive
PRESSURE: at ordinary ______ dry ice cannot become liquid
PROPAGATE: light can ______ in those substances that are
transparent
PROPERTIES: malleability, ductility, and conductivity, are
intensive ______
PROPERTY: density is an example of an intensive ______
PURE: those substances have identical properties throughout
RADIOACTIVE: unstable elements are called that
REFRACTION: this index shows how much a material can bend
light
RESISTANCE: inertia is the ______ of an object to changes
in its motion
RESISTIVITY: opposite of conductivity
SALT: its boiling point is 1,413 °C
SEMICONDUCTING: silicon and germanium have this property
SHAPE: it is a physical property
SHAPES: a football and a soccer ball have different _______
SILICON: this element is found in most beaches
SILVER: this metal has a density of 10.5 g/cc
SOLID: all metalloids are that
SOLIDS: they have definite shapes and volumes
SPACE: volume is the amount of ______ matter occupies
SPECIFIC: color, odor, shape, texture, and hardness are
______ properties of matter
SUBSTANCES: chemical changes produce new ______
SUGAR: ______ and salt have a different taste
SUPERCONDUCTORS: these materials don't have any electrical
resistance
SUPPORTING: oxygen has the chemical property of ______
burning
TASTE: it could be a physical or a chemical property of
matter
TENACIOUS: metals are ________ materials
TENACITY: a property of metals in which they resist being
stretched
TITANIUM: this transition metal is stronger and lighter
than steel
TRANSLUCENT: wax paper and frosted glass are ______
materials
TRANSMIT: translucent materials can ______ light but not
too clearly
TRANSPARENT: water, glass, and air are ______
URANIUM: this element is used in nuclear reactors
VAPORIZATION: heat of ______ is the heat needed to change
from liquid to gas
VISCOSITY: resistance of a liquid to flow
VOLUME: a general property of matter
WATER: the most important substance on planet Earth
WEIGHT: a general property of matter
WET: cold objects tend to become _____ on the outside
WOOD: a block of ______ is an opaque substance
CHAPTER 12 – CHEMICAL REACTIONS
-------------------------------
ABSORBED: energy can be ________ in a chemical reaction
ACTIVATION: this energy is needed for reactants to form
products
AND: the plus sign in chemical reactions replaces that word
ARROW: the ______ in chemical reaction formulas is read as
"yield"
ATOMS: their number never change during a chemical reaction
BALANCED: an equation is that when the number of atoms of
each element is the same on both sides
BILLIONS: number of different chemical reactions in nature
BONDING: _____ capacity is the ease with which an atom will
form chemical bonds
BROKEN: bonds between atoms experience that during chemical
reactions
CALORIE: unit to measure heat
BTU: 1 _____ = 252 calories
JOULES: 1 calorie = 4.186 ________
CALORIMETER: this device can measure the heat released in a
reaction
CANDY: heat energy is absorbed when sugar changes into
_______
CAPACITY: the bonding ______ of an atom determines its
ability to undergo chemical reactions
CARBONIC: this acid can form water and carbon dioxide
CATALYST: this substance participates in chemical reactions
but it is not changed
CATALYSTS: they change the rate of chemical reactions
CHALLENGER: water was formed when it exploded
COEFFICIENT: they are sometimes placed in front of symbols
and formulas
COEFFICIENTS: they indicate the number of molecules or
atoms involved in a reaction
COLLISION: this theory relates molecular collisions to
reaction rates
COLOR: a change in that it is a sign of a chemical reaction
COMPOUND: two or more elements chemically combined
COMPOUNDS: in some chemical reactions, elements combine to
form ________
CONCENTRATION: an increase in that of the reactants
increases the speed of a reaction
COPPER: this metal is more active than silver
COVALENT: this bonding involves the sharing of electrons
DECOMPOSITION: in this reaction a complex substance breaks
down into 2 or more simpler ones
DIAGRAMS: energy ______ can be used to show the energy
change in chemical reactions
DIGESTIVE: enzymes accelerate these processes
ELECTROLYSIS: the ________ of water is an endothermic
reaction
ELEMENTS: in some chemical reactions, compounds break down
to form those
ENDO: this prefix means within
ENDOTHERMIC: reaction in which energy is absorbed
ENERGY: chemical reactions cause changes in the _______ of
the substances
ENTROPY: it describes the degree of disorder of a system
ENZYMES: they are biochemical catalysts
EQUAL: the arrow in chemical reaction formulas takes the
place of that sign
EXO: this prefix means outside
EXOTHERMIC: reaction in which energy is released
EXPLOSIONS: most single-replacement reactions do not cause
that
FIRECRACKER: the explosion of that device results in an
exothermic reactions
FIRST: writing correctly the symbols and formulas is that
step in balancing chemical reactions
FLASHBULB: in this reaction, magnesium oxide and energy are
produced
FORMATION: a lot of energy is released when a compound with
a high negative heat of ______ is formed
FORMULAS: these are used to write chemical reactions
FOUR: chemists have identified this number of types of
reactions
FOURTH: checking the work by counting the atoms of each
element is this step in balancing chemical reactions
GAS: when that forms it is a sign of a chemical reaction
GASOLINE: burning that is an example of a chemical reaction
GIBBS: this free-energy change relates heat content,
entropy, and temperature
HEAT: some chemical reactions produce that
HIGHER: higher temperature causes a _______ entropy
HINDERBERG: the explosion that destroyed the ________ was a
synthesis reaction
INHIBITORS: in the past these substances were called
negative catalysts
IONIC: this bonding involves the gain or loss of electrons
KINETICS: it is the study of chemical reaction rates
LEFT: reactants are located on that side of a chemical
equation
LESS: in exothermic reactions the energy of the products is
_______ than the energy of the reactants
LIBERATED: heat energy is ______ when gasoline burns
MASS: in chemical reactions always there is conservation of
________
MAXIMUM: the tendency of natural process is toward the
_______ entropy
MINIMUM: the tendency of natural process is toward the
_______ energy
MOLE: the heat of combustion of a substance is based on one
______ of the reactant
MOLECULES: atoms can form them during chemical reactions
NEGATIVE: the heat of formation is that for exothermic
reactions
OIL: the burning of that is an exothermic reaction
ONE: number of atoms of sulfur in one molecule of sulfuric
acid
PAINTS: these colorful chemical compounds are produced by
double-replacement reactions
PANCAKES: the cooking of that is an endothermic reaction
PLUS: this math symbol is used to write a chemical reaction
POSITIVE: the heat of formation is that for endothermic
reactions
PRECIPITATE: when that forms it is a sign of a chemical
reaction
PRODUCT: a substance produced by a chemical reaction is
called that
PROPERTIES: chemical reactions cause changes in the _______
of the substances
REACTANT: name of the substance that enter into a chemical
reaction
REACTANTS: the energy released in exothermic reactions was
originally stored in them
REACTION: heat of _______ is the amount of heat released or
absorbed during a chemical reaction
REARRANGEMENTS: chemical reactions involve the _________ of
atoms
RELEASED: energy can be ________ in a chemical reaction
REPLACEMENT: in a double-________ reaction different atoms
in 2 different compounds replace each other
RIGHT: products are shown on that side of a chemical
equation
RULES: there are four _______ to balance chemical equations
RUSTING: it is a chemical reaction
SALT: the decomposition of that kitchen substance is an
endothermic reaction
SAWDUST: wood burns faster in that form than as logs
SECOND: counting the number of atoms of each element on
each side of the arrow is this step in balancing chemical
reactions
SEVEN: number of atoms in one molecule of sulfuric acid
SINGLE: in a ______-replacement reaction an uncombined
element replaces an element of a compound
SPONTANEOUS: the Gibbs free-energy change is negative for
these chemical reactions
SUGAR: cooking that is an example of a chemical reaction
SURFACE: ________ area also affects the speed of chemical
reactions
SYMBOLS: these are used to write chemical reactions
SYNTHESIS: in this reaction two or more simple substances
form a new more complex one
TEMPERATURE: an increase in ________ causes reactions to
occur faster
THERMIC: this root means heat
THERMOCHEMICALS: these equations give information about the
heat of reaction
THIRD: adding coefficients to balance atoms is this step in
balancing chemical reactions
UNIVERSE: its entropy never goes down
VALENCE: these electrons are located in the outermost
energy level of an atom
VERTICAL: the ______ axis of energy diagrams represents the
energy
WATER: hydrogen and oxygen combine explosively to form that
substance
WORK: Gibbs free-energy is the energy available to do
useful _______
YIELD: this word means produce or generate
ZERO: by definition, each element in its standard state has
this heat content