Millennium Development Goals

and Sustainable Development

Goals

Presented by: Gail, Karan & Alison

1
MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

2
● The millennium development goals originated from the millennium declaration
adopted by the general assembly of the United nations in September 2000.

● Representatives from 189 countries agreed upon adopting MDGs at the summit
in New York.

● Global partnership was established to meet a set of goals, with a deadline of

2015.

3
● Eighteen targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for achieving the goals.

● United Nations Development Group (UNDG) in 2003 provided a framework of

53 indicators for measuring the progress towards individual targets.

4
● India and Millennium development goals:

● Based on UNDG MDG 2003 framework & it includes:

All 8 goals
12 out of 18 targets which are relevant to India
Related indicators

5
● Goal one: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

● Target 1: reduce the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar
a day to half between the year 1990 and 2015.

Poverty head count ratio (PHCR) in 1990: 47.8 %.

To meet the desired target the PHCR has to be 23.9% by 2015.

In 2011-2012 itself the PHCR level came down to 21.9 %, India achieved the
target before the deadline in 2015.

6
● Target 2: reduce the proportion of people who suffer from hunger to half
between year 1990 and 2015.

1990 estimated proportion of underweight children below 3: 52%

To reach the target it should reduce to 26% by 2015

But India was able to achieve only 33.7% and the desired target of 26% was
not achieved in 2015.

7
● Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education

● Target 5: ensure that by 2015 children will be able to complete a full course of
primary education

● Indicators:
Net enrolment ratio in primary education increased to 87.41%
Proportion of pupils starting grade one and reached grade : 84.21%
Literacy rate of people ranging form age 15-24: 86.1% compared to 61.9% in
1991

8
● Goal 3: promote gender equality and empower women

● Target 4: eliminate gender disparity in primary, secondary education, preferably

by 2005, and in all levels of education, no later than 2015.

● Indicators:
Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education: 1.03, 1.02,
0.92 (2015 -16)
Ratio of literate females to literate males of 15-24 years: 0.91 (2011)
Share of women in wage employment in non agricultural sectors: 19.3% far
from targeted 50%
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament: 14.39% (2019) against
the target of 50%

9
● Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under 5 mortality rate.

● Indicators:
Under 5 mortality rate: 43 per thousand births (2015) compared to 125 in
1991, target was 42, missing the target narrowly
Infant mortality rate: 34 per thousand births (2016), 1990 – 80, target - 27
Proportion of one year old children immunized against measles:
81.1(2015-2016)

10
● Goal 5: Improve maternal health

● Target 6: reduce mortality ratio by three quarters between 1990 and 2015.

● Indicators:
Maternal mortality ratio: 167 (2011-2013), 1991: 100000 deaths, 2011-13 :
44000, 50% reduction in two decades.
Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel: 81.4% (2015-2016),
states of Kerela, Goa and Tamil Nadu has achieved 100%

11
● Goal 6: Combat HIV Aids, Malaria and other diseases

● Target 7: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

● Indicators:

HIV Prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-24 years: 0.25% (2015)

12
Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence rate (Condom use to overall
contraceptive use among currently married women, 15-49 years, percent) : 5.6%
(2015-2016)

Percentage of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge

of HIV/AIDS : 26.5% (2015-2016)

● Target 8: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria
and other major diseases

13
● Indicators :

Annual parasite incidence (API) rate (Malaria): 0.64% (2015), 2.12% in 2001

Prevalence of TB (including HIV) per 100,000 population: reduced to 195

(2014) compared to 465 (1990)

Deaths due to TB per 100,000 population: reduced to 17 (2014) compared to

38 in 1991.

14
● Goal 7: ensure environmental sustainability

● Target 9: Integrate the principle of sustainable development into country

policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources.

● Indicators:

Area covered under forests as percentage of geographical area (%): 21.34%

(2015)

15
Ratio of area protected to maintain biological diversity to surface area (%) : 4.93%
(2017)

Energy use per GDP (Rupee) (at 2004-05 prices) :0.2129 Mega Joules per rupee
(2014-15)

Carbon dioxide emissions per capita: 1.56 MT (2014)

16
● Target 10: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access
to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.

● Indicators:

Percentage of households with improved source of water: 89.9% (2015-16)

compared to 68.2% (1992)

Percentage of households with improved sanitation facility 48.4% (2015-16)

17
● Target 11: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of
at least 100 million slum dwellers.

● Indicators:

Slum population as percentage of urban population 17.36% (2011)

18
● Goal 8: A global partnership for development

● Target 18 : In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits
of new technologies, especially information and communications

● Indicators:

Telephone per 100 population: 93.98 (2017)

Internet subscribers per 100 Population 33.47 (2017)

19
 MDG’s What is it?

● The 20th Century advances and developments

● But still we face disparity in the distribution between the

rich and poor.

● Food, Shelter, Environmental resources , Unemployment,

Poor Health Services, water supply and sanitation are
problems of major concern

● In 2000, the UN Millenium declaration was formed

20
● Reduce poverty by 2015 was the goal at the time

● Millennium Development Goals have been set by the UN

● Eight goals , 18 targets and 48 health indicators

21
EIGHT GOALS

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.

2. Achieve universal primary education.

3. Promote gender equality and empower women.

4. Reduce child mortality.

5. Improve maternal health.

6. Combat HIV Aids, Malaria and other diseases.

7. Ensure environmental sustainability.

8. Develop a global partnership for development.

22
India's Current Status on Targets
India has been moderately successful in reducing poverty and likely to reduce
and miss it's Target by 3.5% .

The poverty Headcount ratio is likely to hit 18.6% as per 2015

In a study published by the medical journal of India malnourished and

underweight children came down by 53.5 (1990 ) to 46% in 2006

And in the study published by the NCBI Journal sciences in 2015 this dropped
down below the target to 28.6%

While taking into account the global perspective percentage of underweight

children declined from 25% in 1990 to 16% in 2010

23
India's under 5 Mortality Ratio declined from 125 per 1000 live births to in
1990 to 74.6 in 2007

76 alakh children under 5 died in 2010

India hasade significant stride in reducing HIV and AIDs

Malaria both in terms of prevalance and death has declined . Diagnosis has
decreased from 1.74 % in 2005 and 1.52 % in 2009

24
Enrollment rates crossed 100% in 2006-2007

The Midday scheme launched

According to a news report in the Times of India in April 2019 “ Footage

showed children received food for hardly two weeks “ in most schools in
uttrakhand

As per a recent News Article published in the Times of India dated 27th June
2019 ruled out introduction of breakfast in the Mid Day Meal schemes

The Gender Parity Index is another Indicator used to measure Indians process
in achieving Equality for Women

It was Found that the challenge was GPI in tertiary education

25
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
GOALS

26
 Sustainable Development Goals

● In 2016 the concept of Sustainable Development Goals

emerged.

● The SDG’s aim to expand on MDG’s and eradicate all form

of poverty.

● Ending poverty goes hand and hand with strategies that

build economic growth.

● Does not compromise the needs of the future generations

27
 Goals

● There are 17 SDG’s and 169 targets

● These address the root causes.

● Cover three dimensions : Economic growth, social inclusion

, and environmental protection.

28
What is Sustainable Development?

"Sustainable development is development that meets the

needs of the present, without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs."

29
30
 Progress towards specific Goals
SDG 1: No Poverty | End Poverty in All its Forms Everywhere

India has continued its programme of economic reforms to achieve sustained rapid
growth.

Reforms- fiscal consolidation, inflation targeting, improved governance all around,

accelerated infrastructure development (SDG 9), curbing of corruption (SDG 16),
Aadhaar Act (for providing unique identity), Insolvency and Bankruptcy Act, Goods
and Services Tax, further liberalization of foreign direct investment and closure of sick
units in the public sector.

As a result, today, India is the fastest growing major economy in the world. It grew
7.5% during fiscal year 2014-15, 8% during 2015-16 and 7.1 % during 2016-17.
31
● Evidence shows that rapid growth in India has been achieved following the
economic reforms initiated in 1991 which has led to significant reduction in poverty.

● Between 1993-94 and 2003-04, India grew at the average annual rate of 6.2% and
between 2004-05 and 2011-12, at the rate of 8.3%. Both these periods saw a
substantial decline in poverty but the decline was significantly sharper during the
latter period characterized by faster growth.

32
 Anti-Poverty Programmes

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

(MGNREGA) provides a legal guarantee of a minimum of 100 days of wage
employment per household every year for unskilled workers in rural areas.

Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) launched in 2014 for ensuring

access to the entire range of financial services, including banking, credit, insurance
and pension. Under this programme, 280 million new accounts have been opened
thus far with deposits amounting to INR 639 billion (USD 9.9 billion). By
facilitating the delivering of Government benefits directly into the accounts of
beneficiaries and minimising leakages, the initiative has enhanced the effectiveness
of several social security schemes in the country.

33
 Ensuring access to basic services
● Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) attempts to ensure that
maternal and child malnutrition are addressed in a systematic manner.

● Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) provides conditional cash transfers to

promote institutional deliveries among women from remote areas.

● Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana was launched in 2016 in order to meet the
clean cooking fuel needs of the poor and thereby safeguarding the health of
women and children,. Under the scheme, 50 million Liquefied Petroleum Gas
connections will be provided to poor families over the next 3 years. Over 22
million connections have already been provided under the scheme.

34
● Swachh Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission) aims to ensure an
open defecation free India by 2019. Under this Mission, over 39.5
million household toilets have been built during the previous two
and half years.
Additionally, 193,000 villages and 531 cities have been successful in
ending the practice of open defecation. For spurring improvements,
cities and village councils are being ranked on levels of cleanliness.

35
SDG 2: Zero Hunger | End Hunger, Achieve Food Security and Improved
Nutrition and Promote Sustainable Agriculture

● Access to Nutritious Food :

Nearly 232 million ration cards entitling people to food and other supplies have
been digitized.

The Mid-Day Meal Programme delivers nutritious cooked meals to 100 million
children in primary schools.

● Sustainable and Adaptive Agriculture

Under NMSA (National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture), Soil Health Cards
are being issued to farmers for providing crop-wise nutrient management
recommendations and enabling them improve soil fertility as well as crop
productivity.
36
SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being | Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote
Well-Being for All at All Ages

The country’s strategy in health is focused on providing essential services to the

entire population, with a special emphasis on the poor and vulnerable groups.

Improving the health status of women and children:

● Government of India launched Mission Indradhanush (rainbow program) in
2014 for covering children who are unvaccinated or partially vaccinated. The
Mission aims to ensure full immunization of children up to two years &
pregnant women.

37
Under the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, prevention and
control of six diseases has been prioritized, including Malaria, Japanese
Encephalitis, Dengue, Chikungunya, Kala-Azar and Lymphatic Filariasis

National Strategic Plan - eliminating TB by 2025.

A National Non-Communicable Diseases Cell has been established along with 36

and 318 Cells at the state and district levels

The government has also launched a mobile health initiative, mDiabetes, for
creating awareness about the illness.

38
SDG 5: Gender Equality | Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and
Girls
Initiatives for Improving Female Labour Force Participation:

● Mahila E-HAAT - bilingual direct online marketing platform leveraging technology

for supporting women entrepreneurs and Self-Help Groups for showcasing their
products and services.
● Stand Up India - launched in 2016 for providing bank loans to woman borrowers for
setting up a Greenfield enterprise.
● Mahila Shakti Kendra - supports establishment of Women Empowerment Centres at
the village-level. The Centres aim to converge action in several areas including skill
development, employment, digital literacy, health and nutrition to provide a
comprehensive package of services.
● Women Transforming India - online contest launched by NITI Aayog, in partnership
with United Nations, India and MyGov for crowdsourcing stories of women who are
making a difference in their respective fields. The best stories are awarded.

39
SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure | Build Resilient
Infrastructure, Promote Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialization and Foster
Innovation

Government has set an investment target of INR 25 trillion (USD 390 billion) for
infrastructure development over a period of three years (2016-19). Efforts are also
being made to mobilize additional resources.

eg. monetization of 75 publicly funded highway projects of value INR 356 billion
(USD 5.6 billion) via the toll-operate-transfer mode will finance the construction of
2,700 km of roads.

The Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana aims to provide a continuous
supply of power to all parts of rural India.

40
● For enabling the digital empowerment of the society - Aadhaar (covers more
than 90% of the country’s population)

● Internet penetration is also expanding rapidly - Bharat Broadband Network

Ltd. Initiative aims to provide high-speed broadband connectivity to 2,47,864
villages in the country.

41
SDG 14: Life Below Water | Conserve and Sustainably Use the Oceans, Seas
and Marine Resources for Sustainable Development

● India’s Prime Minister has emphasized the need for a “Blue Revolution”
● National Fisheries Action Plan, 2016 has also been formulated - envisages
connecting 15 million beneficiaries for livelihood opportunities through
various interventions.
● In 2016, the Prime Minister of India launched a flagship programme,
Sagarmala, for promoting port connectivity, development and
industrialization, in a phased manner during 2015 to 2025.

42
 CONCLUSION

● As per 2015 statistics, India has significantly obtained its MDG goals
and objectives
● With the launch of sustainable development programs, India is
looking at a broader aspect, i.e. a sustainable future
● This sustainable approach takes into account not only the needs of
the current population but also the future generations to come
● We believe that if India keeps a constant check on their health
indicators, targets and goals, we could live not only in a cleaner and
greener planet but also a health one

43