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By
Maj. Dr. Riessom W/Giorgis
Introduction to FEM
Mathematical Improve
mathematical
Model model
Numerical model
No!
Does answer
Refine analysis
make sense?
Clough
Courant
Observation:
Complicated objects can be represented by geometrically simple
pieces
FEM Dr. Riessom 23
Finite Element Method
Continued…
1. Assume a trial Solution that satisfies the boundary
condition
2. The domain residual or error is calculated while
satisfying the differential equation
3. The weighted sum of the domain residual
computed over the entire domain is rendered zero.
4. The accuracy of the assumed trial solution can be
improved by taking additional higher order terms
but computations becomes tedious.
Three-Dimensional Elements
Tetrahedral, Rectangular Prism
(Brick)
3-D Continua
Three-Dimensional
Two-Dimensional Brick Elements
One-Dimensional
FEM Triangular
Dr. Riessom Elements 27
Frame Elements
Two-Dimensional Discretization
Refinement
2
(Node
)
-1
-2
-3
4
(Discretization with 228
3.5
3
3
2.5
2
2.5
Elements)
1.5
2 1
0.5
(Triangular
1.5 0
-0.5
1 -1
y
Element)
x
Approximate
Piecewise Linear
Representation
F1 F2
1 2
k
Equilibrium at Node 1 F1 ku1 ku2
Equilibrium at Node 2 F2 ku1 ku2
or in Matrix Form
k k u1 F1
k
k u2 F2
Stiffness Nodal Force
Matrix [ K ]{u} {F } Vector
FEM Dr. Riessom 30
Elastic Spring System
nodal displacement
compression tension
In equilibrium :
and
in matrix form :
inverse [ke ]
Solution is :
FEM Dr. Riessom 31
System assembly in global coordinates :
global nodal displacement
element
node
global nodal force
" separate elements "
" system of 2 - springs "
For element 1 ;
For element 2 ;
Define :
Ui - global nodal displ.
For element 1 ;
For element 2 ;
combined
Global system :
Global system :
find U 2 and U 3 ?
Boundary condition :
and the data :
from :
substitute values :
solve for
and also
FEM
Determine vertical displ. of each W
From :
Stiffness matrix for each element ;
actual
Suppose :
(BC.)
Solve for :
rearranged
where :- and
where
thus,
From :
From :
we also find
actual structure :
and
Given data :
Strain energy :
Work Done :
Total potential energy :
Eliminating :
Solving unknowns :
and
Given data :
O
W ( x) R ( x)dx 0
i d
Where
The requirement is
Substituting value