Tutorial-1

(0) Give example of a group, say G0 with a, b ∈ G0 with a, b 6= e such that am = e for some m ∈ N
and for any n ∈ N, bn 6= e.
Definition: Let G be a group and let a ∈ G be such that am = e for some m ∈ N then we say that
a is of finite order and order of a by definition smallest natural number, say k such that ak = e. We
write o(a) = k.
If an 6= e for all n ∈ N, we say that a is of infinite order and we write o(a) = ∞.

(1) Let A be a set. The distinct equivalence classes of an equivalence relation on A provide us with
a decomposition of A as a union of mutually disjoint subsets (called partition). Conversely,
given a decomposition of A as a union of mutually disjoint, nonempty subsets, we can define an
equivalence relation on A for which these subsets are the distinct equivalence classes.

(2) Prove that if G is an abelian group, then for all a, b ∈ G and all integers n, (a · b)n = an · bn .

(3) If G is a group such that (a · b)2 = a2 · b2 for all a, b ∈ G, show that G must be abelian.

(4) If G is a finite group, show that there exists a positive integer N such that aN = e for all a ∈ G.

(5) If G is a group of even order, prove it has an element a 6= e satisfying a2 = e.

 
a b
(6) Let G be the set of all real 2 × 2 matrices Prove that G forms a group under matrix
c d
addition.
 
a b
(7) Let G be the set of all real 2 × 2 matrices where ad − bc 6= 0 is a real number. Prove
c d
that G forms a group under matrix multiplication. This group is usually denoted by GL2 (R).
 
a b
(8) Let G be the set of all real 2 × 2 matrices where ad − bc 6= 0 is a rational number. Prove
c d
that G forms a group under matrix multiplication.

(9) Let G be subset of M2 (R) given by

  
a a 
G= a>0 .
a a 
Is G a group under matrix multiplication? Justify.

(10) Let G be distance preserving maps of R2 . Check if G forms a group under composition.

(11) Let X be a set and Let Ĝ = Hom(X, Z) denote all maps from X to Z. Check that Ĝ is a group.

(12) Classify all finite groups up to cardinality (also called order) 5.