Different Classifications of Disposal Facilities

Disposal facilities in the Philippines can be

generally classified into three types as follows:
• Open Dump
• Controlled Dump
• Categorized Final Disposal Facility
(Landfill)
 Different Classifications of Disposal Facilities
The disposal facilities are classified according to the development activities and operational
mechanisms undertaken.

• Open dumpsites are generally sited in vacant lots, usually adjacent to

residential areas where there are low-lying marshy lands, often done as a
way of reclaiming the area for future development.
• In terms of safety, the deposited area may have such uncontrolled
settlement due to the on-going decomposition of wastes.
Different Classifications of Disposal Facilities

Controlled Dump is a first step in the progression from open dumping.

 in Section 37, RA 9003, Controlled Dump Facilities shall only be allowed
to operate for a period of five (5) years, inclusive of the 3-year conversion
period.
 In doing so, there is no significant investment required in the capital cost
or equipment purchases, but rather its enhancement will concentrate
primarily on improvements to operational and management issues.
 The wastes undergo compaction, soil cover is applied, fires not permitted
and buffer zones provided, among others.
Controlled Dump
Different Classifications of Disposal Facilities
Categorized Final Disposal Facility (Sanitary Landfill)
• is a disposal site designed, constructed, operated and maintained in a
manner that exerts engineering control over significant potential environmental
impacts arising from the development and operation of the facility.
Categorized Final Disposal Facility (Sanitary Landfill)
• is a disposal site designed, constructed, operated and maintained in a
manner that exerts engineering control over significant potential environmental
impacts arising from the development and operation of the facility.

• The basic operational controls include the following:

 leachate collection and treatment systems,

 landfill gas management,
 waste compaction,
 application of soil cover,
 all-weather primary and access roads,
 trained labor force, and a ban on waste pickers, among others.

• Site design is based on Hydrogeological considerations while site preparation

includes the provision on surface run-off control and containing earth movements.
Operating requirements for a solid waste sanitary
landfill:

 Detection and exclusion of hazardous waste from the facility

 Use of appropriate cover material for the landfill
 Disease vector control
 Control of gas production (especially those which can combust
readily)
 Monitoring of air and groundwater quality
 Access to facility
 Run-on and run-off control systems
 Restricting liquids entering the landfill
 Record keeping requirements
 Sanitary Landfill Site Selection
Site selection criteria for a sanitary landfill:
 Land area and volume must be sufficient enough so that the landfill can
serve for the projected number of years.
The slope of the region should not be very steep.
Irrigation pipelines and water supply wells should not be situated close to
the boundary of the landfill.
Residential development should be planned away from the landfill site.
Unstable areas posing seismic risks should be avoided.
The depth to groundwater and proximity to water wells must be
thoroughly analyzed.
The visual impact of the landfill must be minimized (landscaping,
aesthetic development of landfill).
Agricultural land should not be used for landfill development.
Site selection for sanitary landfills
• Avoid:
• siteing over aquifers
• swampy areas
• Floodplains
• High water table

• Seek:
• Siteing over rocks of low hydraulic conductivity (clays & silts)
• Flat areas
Siting criteria
Site investigation criteria
• Sub Soil Investigation: type of soil, depth of GWT and bedrock,
permeability of various strata, strength parameters, extent of
availability of liner materials
• Ground Water / Hydro geological Investigation: Depth of GWT, GW
flow direction, Baseline GW quality parameters
• Topographical Investigation: To compute the earth work quantities
precisely
• Hydrological Investigation: To estimate the quantities of runoff for
appropriate design of drainage facilities
• Geological Investigation and Seismic Investigation: to delineate the
bedrock profile beneath the landfill base