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Running head: The Contemporary World

Process Questions:

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using (a) broad and inclusive definition

and (b) narrow and exclusive definition globalization?

Advantages of broad and inclusive globalization

Equal opportunities for everyone

Secured opportunities for everyone

Growth for the countries

Development of the nations

Disadvantages of broad and inclusive globalization

Reshaping of government institutions to cater for everyone

Economic processes need to be reorganized

Social processes require reorganization

Failure to focus on the country's own people and policies

(a) Broad and Inclusive Definition

Broad and inclusive globalization describes the opportunity by which the people or factors

behind a certain development in a country benefit as well. In a nutshell, broad and inclusive

globalization gives everyone a chance to participate in the management in such a way that the

perspectives or plans a country have is reflected in their policies. This leads to a more secured

opportunities and benefits for everyone.

(b) Narrow and Exclusive Definition

In the English language, exclusivity is the restriction or the limitation within a group, area or

people. In terms of globalization, narrow and exclusive means that the focus of the globalization

would be limited to the country alone.


Running head: The Contemporary World

2. What do you think is the importance of defining globalization?

Globalization is the free movement of goods, services and people across the world in a seamless

and integrated manner. Globalization can be thought of to be the result of the opening up of the

global economy and the concomitant increase in trade between nations.

3. Do you agree with the idea that the contemporary world is characterized by high

liquidity? Why or why not?

Yes, I agree that our contemporary world is characterized by liquidity. In the financial term,

liquidity means quickly selling and purchasing products with use of money or credit.

The media and internet are the fastest transaction to easily get the market for items. This is

evident on how people acquire items.

Activity: The world made closer

A. Enumerate at least three of the most recent songs you have listened. Where did they

originated? Identify the nationality of the writer and/or artist for each music.

 Ikaw at Ako (Moira Dela Torre) Moira Dela Torre (born November 4, 1993) is a Filipino

singer from Makati City who was a contestant on the first season of The Voice of the

Philippines.

 Come thru (Jeremy Zucker) Born on March 3, 1997, Jeremy Zucker is an American indie

pop artist and producer who is known as a member of 3OAK with Daniel James and

Benjamin O. For more information, read the article below. Before Fame: He played in a

band called Foreshadows during high school.


Running head: The Contemporary World

 Missin you crazy (Russ) Russ was born on September 26, 1992 in Secaucus, New Jersey. He

is of Sicilian descent. Russ was born into an American Sicilian family which included him

and three other siblings.

B. What gadgets or devices do you usually use to listen to music?

I usually listen music through my cellphone because it is easy to carry anywhere.

C. Where were these gadgets or devices made? Where is the company based?

OPPO, based in Dongguan, China, is part of a holding company called BBK, basedin Chang'an,

China.

D. How did you access these music? Did you purchase them online or listen to them

through youtube, spotify, and other music channels?

I purchase those online and it depends on my mood if it is youtube, spotify or other music

channels.

2. Using a visual representation, create your generalizations and discuss: what is

globalization? How would you define Globalization?

Globalization is the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international

influence or start operating on an international scale. The worldwide movement toward

economic, financial, trade, and communications integration. Globalization implies the opening of

local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader outlook of an interconnected and interdependent

world with free transfer of capital, goods, and services across national frontiers.
Running head: The Contemporary World

3. What metaphors are you going to use in order to improve your own definition of

globalization? Enumerate at least three and explain one of them.

Globalization defined as “the broadening and deepening of national economies into a worldwide

market for goods, services and capital”2 is in fact nothing new. Historical predecessors could be

seen in the Hanseatic or Venetian trading activities. One could also look at the Indian spice trade

and argue that it dramatically changed tastes and culture in Europe. Hirst/Thompson3 have

clearly demonstrated that intensive trade and financial flows were established long before the

word Globalization conquered its place in international discourse. Still, can one insist that a

theme is not novel, if it hardly occupied any linguistic space before the End of the Cold War?

The metaphor of Globalization emerges as a guiding principle at the end of the 1990s. It is a term

that has no reference in any of the world’s well-known encyclopedias before the early 1990’s.

Neither Larousse, nor Encyclopedia Britannica nor the Brockhaus offer any kind of definition of

the term before then.4 Claiming that Globalization as the integration of the world

Process Questions

1. Are societies in the world becoming more similar (homogenous) or more different

(heterogeneous)?

I think definitely more similar, due in large part to global mobility and the internet, but also

things like unions between countries and pressure on countries to conform to standards

elsewhere like allowing women to drive in Saudi Arabia, improving worker safety in

Bangladesh, legalizing abortion in Eire and etc.

2. What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of homogenization of culture?
Running head: The Contemporary World

How about heterogenization?

The advantage of homogenization of culture is that people from around the world are in much

more contact than they used to be. While the disadvantage, people will have no ability to escape

one’s own culture if they don't like it. In heterogenization, its advantages are the variety,

increased of learning opportunities, broad-mindedness and humility of a person. While the

disadvantage is people fighting each other.

3. Which of the aforementioned views on the history of globalization you find most

appealing? Why?

And what those ”aforementioned views” are you referring to? Globalization is a process that

started with the first empires - the Achaemenid/Persian held together 44% of the human

population of that times; Roman and Chinese empires plus India had even more, but the

connections between them were not strong (if it was any). The first step toward globalization was

made by the Mongols - the short-lived empire of Genghis-Khan was spread from Russia to

China, almost all the Eurasian continental area. Then China and the West got connected (Marco

Polo the first Westerner to get there). Vasco da Gama reached India; Columbus reached a new

continent, believing that is India; and the Age of Discoveries open the road to the Age of

Colonialism. After WWII the European hold on colonies ended; but the connections between

colonies and their ex-metropolis did not ceased completely. The English ones formed the

Commonwealth, the French kept the contact with France, and the Spanish ones did the same with

Spain. The future skeleton of globalization was put in place. Modern transportation

communication technologies - air companies and the Internet - did the rest.

This is the history of globalization, plain and simple. But the real engine of globalization is not

the economic one - the economic aspect is the symptom, not the cause.
Running head: The Contemporary World

The real cause of globalization is the natural development of human society, which is based on

unity of mankind. Family, clan, tribe, polis, empire, nation-state, were all levels that were

achieved at certain moments in history.

Today only one level of unity must be achieved: the last. A World Commonwealth, a global

socio-political entity to manage the affairs of the human race in the interest of human race - not

in the interest of a social class or a nation. The problems mankind is confronted with - climate

change, emergence of the 5th Industrial Revolution - robotics+AI+3D printing, emergence that

might make a lot of people lose their jobs, the danger of a pandemic, either natural or man-made,

cannot be tackled at nation level, no matter how strong a nation may be.

Activity: what do writer think about Globalization?

In this activity, look for and read three newspaper opinion editorials (opeds) discussing

globalization. You may use local or internal op-eds. Write a 50 words summary for each op-

eds. Identify whether they subscribe to a particular definition discussed in class or they

have a new definition. Also, identify whether they are broad and inclusive or narrow and

exclusive.

Globalization is a phenomenon that has remade the economy of virtually every nation, reshaped

almost every industry and touched billions of lives, often in surprising and ambiguous ways. The

stories filling the front pages in recent weeks -- about economic crisis and contagion in

Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil, about President Bush getting the trade bill he wanted -- are all

part of the same story, the largest story of our times: what globalization has done, or has failed to

do.

Globalization is meant to signify integration and unity -- yet it has proved, in its way, to be no
Running head: The Contemporary World

less polarizing than the cold-war divisions it has supplanted. The lines between globalization's

supporters and its critics run not only between countries but also through them, as people

struggle to come to terms with the defining economic force shaping the planet today. The two

sides in the discussion -- a shouting match, really -- describe what seem to be two completely

different forces. Is the globe being knit together by the Nikes and Microsofts and Citigroups in a

dynamic new system that will eventually lift the have-nots of the world up from medieval

misery? Or are ordinary people now victims of ruthless corporate domination, as the Nikes and

Microsoft and Citi groups roll over the poor in nation after nation in search of new profits?

The debate over globalization's true nature has divided people in third-world countries since the

phenomenon arose. It is now an issue in the United States as well, and many Americans -- those

who neither make the deals inside World Trade Organization meetings nor man the barricades

outside are perplexed.

When I first set out to see for myself whether globalization has been for better or for worse, I

was perplexed, too. I had sympathy for some of the issues raised by the protesters, especially

their outrage over sweatshops. But I have also spent many years in Latin America, and I have

seen firsthand how protected economies became corrupt systems that helped only those with

clout. In general, I thought the protesters were simply being sentimental; after all, the masters of

the universe must know what they are doing. But that was before I studied the agreements that

regulate global trade -- including this month's new law granting President Bush a free hand to

negotiate trade agreements, a document redolent of corporate lobbying. And it was before

looking at globalization up close in Chile and Mexico, two nations that have embraced

globalization especially ardently in the region of the third world that has done the most to follow

the accepted rules. I no longer think the masters of the universe know what they are doing.
Running head: The Contemporary World

Process Questions:

1. Do you think that the Philippines is harmed as other countries transfer their activities to us

through outsourcing?

It depends, because it can be yes or no. Yes, because the Philippines become the suppliers and

consumers. And no, because it helps many Filipinos who are unemployed to get a job.

In what ways do international organizations help our country’s economy?

Through these outsourcing.

Does the position of rich countries as giants in the economic chain threaten the status of less

developed countries in the global market?

Yes, because these rich countries have a great influence and power in controlling different

aspects of economy in the global market.

Activity: Follow the product

The products that we consume and use foods, clothing, and gadgets are part of our way of life.

Globalization allows for a worldwide exchange of these commodities and exposure to different

cultures as well. This activity will allow the students to investigate the origin and spread of the

products and services sold in our country. They will also be able to know the countries involved

in the production, distribution, and consumption of the products being sold and consumed in the

country. The following are the steps to accomplish this activity:

1. Divide the class into seven groups. Each group will be assigned to any one of the
Running head: The Contemporary World

following products being sold in the Philippines. The group shall choose a specific foreign

brand of the product assigned to them.

A. Coffee

B. Sports car

C. Laptop

D. Hamburger

E. Wristwatch

F. Shoes

2. List down the main ingredients or raw materials in manufacturing the chosen product.

Identify the corresponding country from which in each ingredient or raw materials came

from.

I choose shoes, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia are the top producers of rubber around the world.

Eva foam is a very environmentally friendly material used in many shoes. The main producers

of Eva Foam are located in China. EVA stands for Ethylene Vinyl Acetate.

3. Identify the countries involved in the manufacturing of the chosen product. Indicate the

corresponding service the country does for three products (Costa Rica - planting of coffee

beans).

1.China (12.6 billion pairs per year) China has led the shoe manufacturing business for many

years now, and remains to do so with its 12.6 billion pairs of shoes produced annually today.

Its total annual production is huge compared to the total production of some groups of

exporters in other countries. A large domestic market, minimum wage increases and overtime

pay throughout China (which give domestic consumers more discretionary income), and a
Running head: The Contemporary World

stronger currency all help in maintaining such a huge output.

2. India (2.1 billion pairs per year) India comes in second, with its annual production of 2.1

billion pairs of shoe wear per year. Its production has increased by 50 percent in recent years.

High quality and low price leather and labor has made such an increase possible. It also

helped that Indian excise taxes were lowered to 6 percent recently. Indian shoemakers' major

focuses are on men's shoe wear.

3. Brazil (895 million pairs per year) comes in with 895 million pairs of shoes in annual

production, a figure that accounts for both its exports and domestic sales. Its high quality

leather and low wages has made this possible. The Brazilian shoe industry is also expanding

its export market further still.

4. Vietnam (760 million pairs per year) ...

5. Indonesia (660 million pairs per year) ...

6. Pakistan (295 million pairs per year) ...

4. Aside from the Philippines, list other countries in which the product is being sold.

China produces the most shoes out of anywhere in the world, at 12.6 billion pairs of shoes every

year.

5. Cite the kinds of technology that made the creation of the product possible. Consider

communications and transportation.

The impacts of information and communications technologies on transport are examined. First,

the wider context of global change is outlined with the growth in the service and knowledge‐

based economy, the breakdown of trade barriers, and the development of new patterns of travel.
Running head: The Contemporary World

The more traditional views are briefly covered and discussed, and a case is made for longer term,

more subtle direct and indirect effects of technological innovation on transport. Three spheres of

influence are considered (production, living and working) to help structure the argument and to

provide a framework within which to investigate the different information and communications

technology applications in terms of their roles and impacts on transport. The review ends with

three key unresolved questions that relate to the future of transport demand and analysis, and

three further opportunities for using information and communications technology substantially to

increase transport efficiency.

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